the accumulator for transfer to main storage through the storage register. The comparer performs logical comparisons of the contents of the storage register and the accumulator. Typically, the comparer tests for conditions such as "less than", "equal to", or "greater than".
So as you see the primary components of the arithmetic-logical unit are banks of bistable devices, which are called registers. Their purpose is to hold the numbers involved in the calculation and hold the results temporarily until they can be tranferred to memory. At the core of the ALU is a very high-
105 Unit 8. Central Processing Unit
speed binary adder, which is used to carry out at least the four basic arithmetic functions (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division). The logical unit consists of electronic circuitry which compares information and makes decisions based upon the results of the comparison.
9. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1. What are the functional units of CPU? 2. What is the function of CU? 3. How does CU operate? 4. What is the function of a counter? 5. What role does a decoder play? 6. What is the sequence of CU operations? 7. What is the function of the arithmetic-logical unit? 8. What operations are performed by ALU?
9. What primary components does ALU consist of? 10. What is
the function of an accumulator / comparer?
10. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих
Функциональные блоки; устройство управления; арифметико-логическое устройство; управлять работой всей системы; получать команды; основная память; посылать сигналы; считывать команды поэтапно; таким образом; временно сохранять информацию; производить пометки через равные промежутки времени; последовательность операций; регистр памяти; регистр команд; адресный регистр; счетчик; датчик; дешифратор; адрес операнда; адресный регистр, высокоскоростной двоичный сумматор; по крайней мере; вычитание; сложение; умножение; деление; принимать решения; результаты сравнения.
П. Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь перевести словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Register, address register; base register; clock register; command / instruction register; counter register; CPU register; hardware register; input / output register; memory register; operand register; general-purpose register; special-purpose register.
Counter binary counter; character counter; data counter; instruction counter; pulse counter; sequence counter; storage counter; software counter; time-out counter.
Selection: color selection; directory selection; drive selection; file selection; function selection; keyboard selection; menu selection; security selection.
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 106
Management: data management; database management; disk management; error management; information management; memory management; network management; resource management; task management; window management.
12. Найдите в текстах 1 и 2 слова, близкие по значению
Verbs: to work; to control; to receive; to keep; to send; to perform; to demand; to choose; to supply; to pass; to name; to include; to apply; to come back; to found; to explain; to form; to define; to arrange.
Nouns: computer; answer; commands; memory; element; device; information; state; aim; heart; solution; computation.
Adjectives: main; whole; separate; quick; correct; large; main (storage); following; every; following; specific; different; real.
13. Сравните и проанализируйте предложения, содержа
щие зависимый и независимый причастные обороты.
1. Having returned to the accumulator the results of arith
metic operations are transferred to main storage. The results of
arithmetic operations are returned to the accumulator, the stor
age register transfering them to main mamory. The results of
arithmetic operations being returned to the accumulator, the
storage register transfer them to main memory. Being returned
to the accumulator the results of arithmetic operations are trans
ferred to main memory.
2. When passing through a conductor free electrons form an
electric current. Free electrons passing t