mmon linkages in carbohydrates and lignin.
(Dutch-zilvernitraat German-Silbernitrat French -nitrate d’ argent Spanish- nitrato de plata )
IUPAC Name: silver nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3. This compound is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by the ancient alchemists, who believed that silver was associated with the moon. The crystals are colourless and dissolve easily in water. If the water is pure, the solution can be kept indefinate, even in light. Silvernitrate stains – but stains on fabric can be removed with a solution of 10% iodide, leave for a few minutes (it will turn blue/ black), wash in a strong fix, then with lots of water.
(Dutch- ijzer sulfaat, groene vitriool German-Eisensulfat French -sulfate ferreux Spanish- sulfato ferroso)
IUPAC Name: iron; sulfuric acid
Iron(II) sulfate (Br.E. iron(II) sulphate) or ferrous sulfate is the chemical compound with the formula FeSO4. It is used medically to treat iron deficiency, and also for industrial applications. Known since ancient times as copperas and as green vitriol, the blue-green heptahydrate is the most common form of this material. All iron sulfates dissolve in water to give the same aquo complex [Fe(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry and is paramagnetic.
Glacial acetic acid (Crystals)
(Dutch-azijnzuur (ijsazijn) German-Eisessig French – l’acide acétique glacial Spanish-ácido acético glacial )
IUPAC Name: acetic acid
Acetic acid pron.: /əˈsiːtɨk/ (systematically named ethanoic acid pron.: /ˌɛθəˈnoʊɨk/) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CO2H (also written as CH3COOH or C2H4O2). It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar (apart from water; vinegar is roughly 8% acetic acid by volume), and has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell. Besides its production as household vinegar, it is mainly produced as a precursor to polyvinylacetate and cellulose acetate. Although it is classified as a weak acid, concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and attacks the skin.
Acetic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, mainly used in the production of cellulose acetate mainly for photographic film and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is used under the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. As a food additive it is approved for usage in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand.
The global demand of acetic acid is around 6.5 million tonnes per year (Mt/a), of which approximately 1.5 Mt/a is met by recycling; the remainder is manufactured from petrochemical feedstock. As a chemical reagent, biological sources of acetic acid are of interest but generally uncompetitive. Vinegar is dilute acetic acid, often produced by fermentation and subsequent oxidation of ethanol.
Grain alcohol 190 proof (or substitute: denatured alcohol)
(Dutch-spiritus German- Brennspiritus French – alcool dénaturé Spanish-alcohol desnaturalizado)
IUPAC Name: ethanol
Denatured alcohol or methylated spirits is ethanol that has additives to make it undrinkable (poisonous, extremely bad tasting, foul smelling or nauseating), to discourage recreational consumption. In some cases it is also dyed.
Denatured alcohol is used as a solvent and as fuel for spirit burners and camping stoves. Because of the diversity of industrial uses for denatured alcohol, hundreds of additives and denaturing methods have been used. The main additive has traditionally been 10% methanol, giving rise to the term “methylated spirits”. Other typical additives include isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and denatonium.
Denaturing alcohol does 