or years. Persistence (injured tissues), predominant cells are lymphs and marcrophages. Debilitation leads to decreased immunity and more at risk for infection.
portal of exit
after microorganisms find a site to grow and multiply, they must find a portal of exit if they are to enter another hose and cause disease. usually blood or body fluids
portal of entry
where organisms enter the body. Through breaks in the skin, eyes, nose, mouth, ears, vagina, rectum
person who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others.
hospital acquired, primarily transmitted by health care workers, #1 cause is improper handwashing. occurs in urinary tract, surgical wounds, respiratory tract, blood stream.
the absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms. Refers to practices/procedures that assist in reducing the risk for infection
reduce number of organisms, spores, prevents spread from place to person or person to person, invasive procedures
Sterile, eliminates all microorganisms and pathogens, requires sterile field and equipment
age (infants and elderly), nutritional status, stress, disease process, medical therapy, clinical appearance, laboratory data
Applies to all blood and body fluids except sweat even if blood is not present, contact with blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes
direct is applied to the care and handling of contaminated body fluids. Indirect involves the transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object.
focus on diseases that are transmitted by large droplets that are expelled into the air 3-6 ft. wear mask within 3ft of PT, hand hygiene
focus on diseases that are transmitted by smaller droplets that remain in the air for long periods of time. negative air flow
control/eliminate infectious agents
medical asepsis, administer medication, disinfection/sterilization
dressing changes, apply principles of wound care, discard contaminated articles, incontinent care
consistent handwashing, cleaning or equipment and environment, do not share bedpans, teach PTS and family about handwashing
control portal of entry
maintain skin integrity, avoid wrinkles in linen, maintain integrity of mucus membranes, maintain closed drainage systems