 lug with plain rim, central pit, paired lateral holes for suspension and single front hole. f, double ball: height, 24 mm.; greatest width, 31 mm.; thickness, 20 mm.; lug with medium-sized central pit and radiating notches on upper surface; sides of lug curve down from circumference edge to constricted neck without a rim flange; two lateral suspension holes. g, double ball: height, 27 mm.; greatest width, 31 mm.; thickness, 19 mm.; lug with small central pit and upper surface shaping down to sharp rim edge with surface notched with radiating lines; neck sharply concave forming sharp projecting rim with upper surface; two lateral holes. h-l, animal figures: h, head with slit mouth, ear flange (1), neck flange (2) with lower end forming fore feet, truncated tail (3) with central pit, and perforated hind legs (4); no measurements taken (Cambridge University Mus., Z.6075). i, back view of h; truncated tail and two hind legs divided by a square notch. j, head with notched snout, ear flange (1), neck flange (2), truncated tail (3) with rim flange and central pit, hind legs (4) broken through original perforations and new hole made above; length, 27 mm.; height from hind legs to tail, 16 mm. (British Mus., no number). k, anterior view of j, showing continuity of ear flange (1) and neck flange (2), also mouth notch (5) with median ridge running from ear flange to mouth slit. l, sharp pointed snout with no mouth notch, small ear flange, no neck flange but lower projection for front legs, truncated tail without central pit, and slight projection for hind legs not large enough for holes so that suspensory hole is bored higher up; length, 31 mm.; height at hind end, 16 mm. (British Mus., no number). m-r, other figures: m, rectangular figure, front view with three transverse ridges; height, 26 mm.; width at upper border, 17 mm.; width lower border, 18 mm.; greatest thickness, 10 mm. (British Mus., no number). n, back of m: semicircular depression (1) at upper border to make room for lateral perforations for suspension; lower border also trimmed in curve; surface flat. o, front surface with transverse ridges, lower serrated border, upper border panel with raised knobs, and two suspensory lugs perforated from front back (Oldman coll., 478). p, upper border raised flange (1), another raised flange (2) with notches forming rectangles, sharp edge (3) defining raised lower wide panel with bottom edge notched (Royal Scottish Mus., U.C.352). q, (same necklace as p): front Surface with three transverse raised panels (1, 2, 3) and raised lower border (4) with six notches. r, bird figure, made of turtle shell, leg perforated to form suspension lug (Oldman coll., 478).
Note. back view of p. and q. not available but probably treated like n. for suspension.
Ivory Necklaces (Mangaia)
Ten necklaces in various collections have established a unique type of ornament for Mangaia. They are located as follows: British Museum (2); Cambridge University Museum (2); Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh (1); Boulogne Museum (1); Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1); Oldman Collection (3). Each of the necklaces consists of a composite neck cord to which a number of small bone or whale ivory ornaments are attached, and the technique of all the necklaces is similar. (See plate 8, D.)
The neck cord consists of three elements: foundation, suspensory, and seizing. The foundation element in the majority of necklaces is sennit about 4 mm. thick; but in the Peabody Museum necklace, it consists of two coir cords laid side by side, and in one of the British Museum specimens, it is composed of coir four-ply round plait. The ends of the foundation element are bent back at each end to form loops for the attachment of a tying cord. In the four-ply round plait, the loop at one end consists of two cords which were evidently later separated into their constituent four plies to form the round plait and the other loop was formed partly of round plait which was then merged into a braid and doubled back to be caught under the seizing. The length, including the loops, ranges fr