A bunion is a bony bump on the side of the foot, which is formed when the bones of the big toe shift out of alignment. Over time, the big toe turns inward, toward the other toes. A protrusion is formed at the base of the joint of the big toe as the joint is pushed outward. The joint may become swollen and enlarged, causing the joint to become tender or painful. Because bunions change the shape of the foot, the other toes of the foot are also affected. As a result of bunions, other toe problems may develop, such as hammertoes, corns, or calluses. A bunionette is caused when the small toe is misaligned, and as a result, the small toe drifts toward the big toe. The bony bump is at the base of the small toe in the case of a bunionette.
Symptoms of a Bunion
Bunions occur over a period of time, and are caused by a number of reasons. One of the chief causes of bunions is ill-fitting shoes, but they may also be caused by genetics, foot injuries, complications of arthritis, or spending excessive amounts of time on the feet. Sometimes the bumps themselves are the only symptoms that are noticed, with no pain or any other impact on the person with bunions. Other times, the symptoms can be severe. Symptoms may include:
- An overall achiness of the big toe (with a bunion) or small toe (with a bunionette). This achiness may come and go or be more constant. It may also range from slight discomfort to ongoing pain.
- Red and irritated skin around the bunion or bunionette. This is caused by footwear rubbing on the affected area.
- Limited movement of the involved toe joint.
Once bunions form, they are permanent unless surgically altered. One of the simplest ways to prevent the development of bunions is to wear shoes that fit properly. Doing so allows the feet to stretch and stride as they naturally do, giving ample space for toes to move. Finding shoes that are stylish and comfortable is important in bunion prevention, and many options are available without sacrificing comfort for style. Also, if you are affected by arthritis, it is important to manage the disease in order to prevent the deterioration of protective tissue around the joints. Proper cushions and supports for the joints assist in the prevention of foot problems.
Treatment Options for Bunions
Bunion treatment depends upon the effects the bunion has on the life of the patient. If there are no invasive effects of the bunion, no treatment is necessary. Simply avoiding the progression of the bunion, through bunion prevention methods, is all that is usually needed. If bunions are causing pain, however, they can often be managed by employing at-home remedies. Wearing shoes that are roomy in the toe box prevents the shoe from rubbing the bunion. Shoes that have stretchable fabric uppers are ideal choices for bunion sufferers because these fabrics have “give” and will not irritate bunions.
Using bunion products such as regulators, splints, shields, pads or toe stretchers can greatly diminish the symptoms of bunions. A last-resort is surgery. Discuss surgical procedure options with your podiatrist.
Often, self-help measures can greatly decrease bunion pain, and bunions can be managed without the use of surgery. People suffering from bunions are offered a great number of treatment options that are non-invasive and effective.