 Stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant Practicals of the Practical Syllabus)
– Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach) (Brief account only)
UNIT III: CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
– Cell and its three major parts: Cell Membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
– Cell theory and the cell as the basic unit of life
– Structure of the Prokanyotic and eucaryotic cell
– Plant cell and animal cell (brief)
– Cell Organelles:Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall structure and
function: mitochondria, Golgi bodies/dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, plastids, microbodies
– Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (Ultrastructure and function)
– Nucleus: nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus
– Chemical constituents of living cells
– Biomolecules: Structure and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, lipids and nucleic acids
– Enzymes: types, properties, function and enzyme action
– Cell division: Cell cycle, significance of, and differences between Mitosis and Meiosis
UNIT IV: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Movement of water, food, nutrients and gases
– Absorption of water, gases and nutrients
– Cell to Cell transport
– Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport
– Plant-Water Relations
– Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis
– Long Distance Transport
– Apoplant, symplast, root pressure, transpiration pull
– Transportation and Guttation
– Opening and closing of stomata
– Role of K+ ions
-Uptake of mineral and their translocation
– Transportation through xylem and phloem
-Plants and mineral nutrition
– Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role
– Defficiency symptoms
– Mineral toxicity
– Elementary idea of Hydroponics as a Method to study mineral nutrition
– Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation
– Exchange of gases
– Cellular respiration: glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic)
– Energy Relation: Number of ATP molecules generated
– Amphibiotic pathways
– Respiratory quotient of nutrients
– Autotropic nutrition
– Site of photosynthesis
– Photosynthetic pigments (Elementary idea)
– Photosynthetic and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis
– Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation
– Chemismotic hypothesis
– C and C pathways
– Factors affecting photosynthesis
– Law of Limiting Factors
-Plant Growth and Development
– Phases of plant growth and plant growth rate
– Condition for Growth
– Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation
– Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell
– Growth regulators: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA
– Photomorphogenesis including brief account of phytochromes
– Seed germination
– Seed dormancy
UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Digestion and Absorption
– Human alimentary canal and Digestive glands
– Role of digesitive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones
– Digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats
– Calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats
– Nutritional and digestive disorders: P E M, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice
Breathing and Respiration
– Respiratory organs in animals (Recall only)
– Respiratory system in humans
– Mechanism of Breathing and its regulation in humans
– Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration in humans
– Respiratory volumes
– Disorders related to respiration: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory disorders
Body fluids and Circulation
– Composition of blood, Blood groups, Coagulation of blood
– Composition of Lymph and function
– Human circulatory system
– Structure of human heart and blood vessels
– Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output, ECG
– Double circulation
– Regulation of cardiac activity
– Disorders of circulatory system: Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, heart failure
Excretory products and their elimination
– Modes of excretion: Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism
– Human excretory system-structure and function
– Urine formation, O