leep characteristics. Future studies could ensure adequate power to detect possible gender differences by recruiting larger samples with equal numbers of boys and girls.
A further limitation is that the current study did not assess pubertal maturation, which has previously been shown to be associated with gender differences in insomnia . This information would have provided greater insight into the potential role of hormonal fluctuation in girls’ experience of sleep disturbance. Despite these limitations, our study has demonstrated the importance of continued investigation into understanding the nature of gender differences in insomnia and sleep disturbance in adolescents. This knowledge could be applied in future research aimed at refining insomnia interventions according to the unique needs of each gender, especially in digital interventions as this could inform onboarding processes to facilitate the personalization of the intervention to the benefit of both genders.
This study was supported by a grant awarded to AW-S and the Black Dog Institute by the Corella Foundation. The funding source had no involvement in any aspect of the research study.
AW-S developed the study concept and design and collected data. SHL and BMG performed the data analysis. SHL drafted the paper, and BMG and AW-S provided critical revisions. All authors approved the final version of the paper for submission.
Conflicts of Interest
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