smoregulaion
– Regulation of kidney function, Renin-angiotensin, Antinatriuretic factor, ADH and Diabeters insipidus
– Role of other organs in excretion
– Disorders: Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis
– Dialysis and artificial kidney
Locomotion and Movement
– Types of movement: ciliary, flagellar, muscular
– Skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction
– Skeletal system and its functions. (to be dealt with the relvent practical of practical syllabus)
– Disorders of muscular and skeletal system: Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis Gout
Neural control and coordination
– Neural and nerves
– Nervous system in humans
– Central Nervous system, Peripheral Nervous system and Visceral Nervous system
– Generation and conduction of nerve impulse
– Reflex action
– Sensory Perception
– Elementary structure and function of eye and ear and general idea of other sense organs
Chemical coordination and regulation
– Endocrine glands and hormones
– Human endocrine system: Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads
– Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea)
– Role of hormones as messengers and regulators
– Hypo- and hyperactivity and related disorders, (Common disorders eg. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goitre, exopthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison’s disease)
IMP: Diseases related to all the human physiology systems to be taught in brief.
From Class XII Syllabus
UNIT 1 REPRODUCTION
Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species. Modes of reproduction- Asexual and sexual.
Asexual reproduction – Uniparental
– Modes: Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation, regeneration.
– Vegetative Propagation in plants.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants – Flower structure.
– Development of male and female gametophytes.
– Pollination-type-agencies and examples.
– Out breeding devices.
– Pollen-Pistil interaction.
– Double fertilization
– Post fertilization events
– Development of endosperm & embryo
– Development of seed and formation of fruit.
– Seed development
– Fruit formation.
– Special modes: apomixes, parthenocarpy, Polyembryony.
– Significance of seed and fruit formation.
Human Reproduction – Male and female reproductive systems.
– Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary
– Gametogenesis: spermatogenesis & oogenesis.
– Menstrual cycle
– Fertilization, embryo development upto blastocyst formation implantation.
– Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea).
– Parturition (Elementary idea).
– Lactation (Elementary idea.
Reproductive health – Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
– Birth Control: Need and Methods.
– Contraception & Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP).
– Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies: IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
Unit II GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Heredity and variation – Mendelian Inheritance
– Deviations from Mendelism, incomplete dominance Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood group, pleiotropy.
– Elementary idea of Polygenic Inheritance
– Chromosome theory of inheritance
– Chromosomes and genes.
Sex determination – In humans, birds, honey bee.
– Linkage and crossing over.
– Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilla, Colour blindness.
Mendellin disorders in humans – Chromosomal disorders in humans.
– Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and klinefelter’s syndromes.
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material. – Structure of DNA and RNA
– DNA packaging
– DNA replication
– Central dogma
– Transcription, genetic code, translation.
– Gene expression and regulation.
– Genome and human genome project.
– DNA finger printing.
Origin of life
Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (Palaeontological from comparative anatomy and embryology and molecular evidence)
– Darwin’s contribution /Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution
– Hardy – Weinberg’s principle.
Mechanism of evolution: Variation (Mutation & Recombination) and Natu