Answers from the animals
Studying cancer in pets benefits human patients, too
The gleaming two-story building on the UC Davis campus looks like a typical medical clinic, but with subtle differences. The parking lot has a dog walk area, and in back there’s a bucolic horse stable. Inside, portraits of bulldogs, kittens and goats adorn the walls. The suite where technicians administer radiation treatment has a dry-erase board listing scheduled appointments with Sheba, Sassy and Taco.
This state-of-the-art hospital is the Center for Companion Animal Health, where it’s common to see a black lab sauntering down a hall or a Persian cat resting on a lap in the waiting room. People bring their sick pets here for life-extending treatments. What many don’t realize is that these animals may in turn help extend human lives – particularly in the fight against cancer.
“Our goal is to do something mutually beneficial,” says Professor Xinbin Chen, 45, who holds appointments at the UC Davis Cancer Center and the School of Veterinary Medicine. “We can help the companion animals and, meanwhile, use the animals to learn more about human cancer.”
Chen joined UC Davis in March to establish and direct the new Veterinary Oncology Laboratory in the center. His work is an outgrowth of the Cancer Biology in Animals program, one of six core areas of emphasis at UC Davis’ National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center. The program focuses on bridging the gap between human and animal medicine.
Chen and his team will conduct research that draws on UC Davis’ rare combination of resources: the renowned cancer center and its School of Veterinary Medicine. That powerful collaboration gives the university one of the nation’s leading comparative oncology programs, says Chen.
With graying hair and a quick smile, Chen moved west after serving as co-director of the University of Alabama Cancer Center’s Tumor Biology Program. Although he began studying veterinary microbiology and clinical medicine in China, it was during his graduate study in the United States that he realized there were strong connections between cancers in people and domestic animals.
One such connection surfaced in the 1990s with the gene p53. The subject of thousands of research papers in that period, p53 is a gene encoding a protein that was found mutated in half of all human tumors. Given that, like humans, cats, dogs and horses also develop cancer, Chen wondered: Would mutant p53 be present in their tumors as well? A review of the sparse veterinary literature revealed the answer — yes — and Chen’s fascination with the molecular similarities between animal and human cancers was born.
— Xinbin Chen, researcher
Studying cancer in domestic animals makes good scientific sense, Chen says. Pets live in the same environment as people do, often sharing the air, water, food and sleep patterns of their owners. Like humans, these animals develop tumors that arise spontaneously, grow fairly slowly and are associated with old age. And dogs, cats and horses are more closely related genetically to humans than are the laboratory mice typically used in research.
“It’s puzzling,” the bespectacled Chen says with a chuckle. “Cancer in mice has been cured many times. But often the drugs that work in mice don’t work in humans. We need some new animal models.”
That’s the idea behind comparative oncology, which UC Davis researchers began exploring many years ago. In the 1960s, for instance, scientists studied dogs in order to develop tumor radiation protocols for human patients. More recently, the UC Davis Cancer Biology in Animals program tested a range of new anti-cancer drugs in cats and dogs. Chen is now broadening the program to include horses and aims to focus studies on three kinds of cancer common in companion animals: melanoma, osteosarcoma and lymphoma.
To get the new program and laboratory up and running, Chen has been busy assembling and training a team of veterinarians to study and treat cancer in domestic animals. He also has hired a drug trial coordinator — the first ever for the veterinary sch