st step in this process is to retrieve the stem cells. This can be done by harvesting them from the patient, or through a stem cell donor program.
Stem Cell Harvesting
There are many sources of stem cells in the human body. The most important source is bone marrow. Bone marrow is located in the centers of long bones, such as the bones in your arms, forearms, thighs, and legs. The pelvic bone contains the highest concentration of stem cells. Therefore, the bone marrow in your pelvic bone is the most common source for harvesting stem cells.
The doctor draws the stem cells out of the bone marrow with a needle, in a similar way that blood is drawn from your arm for tests. An orthopaedic surgeon then inserts this large supply of stem cells into the injury site. This eliminates the time it would take for the stem cells to reach the injury on their own and delivers them in a higher concentration, which speeds the healing process.
Stem Cell Donation
Orthopaedic surgeons can also use donor stem cells to promote healing. In much the same way that blood transfusions help millions of patients each year, stem cells taken from donors after they pass away help millions of orthopaedic patients. When these cells are harvested, they are treated so that they will not create an immune or allergic reaction in the patient.
Future of Orthobiologics
Each year, there are many new developments in the area of orthobiologics. For example, researchers are currently working on a "bone glue" that would not only fix fractured bones together, but also provide substances to aid the healing process. At this time, bone glues have not been proven effective, and there are none currently available. They have excellent potential in the future, however.
Today, doctors have many more options to help the musculoskeletal system heal than they had 15 years ago when most orthobiologics were not available. The goal is to get patients back to the way they were prior to their injuries.
AAOS does not endorse any treatments, procedures, products, or physicians referenced herein. This information is provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice. Anyone seeking specific orthopaedic advice or assistance should consult his or her orthopaedic surgeon, or locate one in your area through the AAOS Find an Orthopaedist program on this website.