|Indication if low|
M4 – liver, skeletal muscle, heart
MH3 – heart
H4 – kidney, erythrocytes
|Acute/chronic tissue damage
Degree of elevation can indicate extent of damage
Isoenzymes may help to localize this
|Aspartate transaminase||Widely distributed
Liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, erythrocytes
|Degree of elevation can indicate extent of damage
Liver disease, kidney failure, gall bladder disease
|Pregnancy, diabetes, beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency)|
|Alanine transaminase||Everywhere but predominantly in liver||Liver disease, viral hepatitis, bile duct problems|
|Alkaline phosphatase||Greatest concentration in prostate
Specific isoenzymes in prostate, liver, bone, kidney, intestine and placenta
|Creatine kinase||Various tissues
MM – skeletal muscle, heart
MB – heart
BB – brain, neurons, thyroid, kidney, intestine
|MM – skeletal muscle dystrophy
MB – myocardial infarction in last 2-3 days
BB – brain tumour
|Amylase||Saliva, exocrine pancreas||Pancreatitis|
|Acid phosphatase||Specific isoenzymes in liver, erythrocytes, platelets and bone||Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer|
|Cholinesterase||Blood plasma||Susceptibility to succinylcholine induced respiratory paralysis|