l transformation focusing on how the carbon budget is being used and a global action plan for joint development and transfer of innovative seed and energy technologies(Para 102); and
· modalities and procedures of the compliance committeeshould review implementation and recommend specific steps for enhanced international cooperation (Para 104).
SBSTA has an important role in determining the context of ‘sustainable development and eradication of poverty’ and the flexibility in implementation based on differentiated responsibilities and capacities and national circumstances will have to be incorporated in the guidelines. This role includes unresolved political elements - how assessments of the IPCC will inform the stocktake in the context of sustainable development and eradication of poverty (Para 101) by identifying how methodological choices impact on the policy debate;framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development in Art 6.8 (Para 40) to focus on modalities for joint development and sharing of specific seed and renewable energy technologies.
Since objections even were raised by developed countries on a clear definition of what climate finance consists of, STA will determine modalities for accounting financial resources in Art 9.7 (Para 58) along with elaboration of the technology framework (Para68) to focus on financing for technologies ready for transfer and the barriers, along with identifying the information needed (Art 10.5, 10,6 and Para 56) for setting the new collective quantified finance goal in 2018 (Para 54).
The adaptation efforts still need to be recognized “in accordance with modalities to be adopted”, and the Adaptation Committee will determine the nature of and needs of developing countries in the stocktakeand the specific weightage to be given to the impacts on sustainable development and eradication of poverty (Art 7.3, 7.4, 7.6 and Para 42) and the methodology for assessing adaptation needs (Para43.b) and reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support referred to in Art 7.14.c (Para 46.b).
The SBI will support international cooperation based on assessments with respect to issues in the Convention that have not yet been adequately addressed. They include the modalities and procedures for the operation and use of the Public Registry in Art 4.12 (Para 29), which should include the nationally determined contributions and the long term national strategies(Para 36), rather than just have them published on the UNFCCC website. The SBI is also to determine the scope and modalities of the periodic assessment of technology development and transfer in para 70for the stocktake (Para 71), and guide capacity building activities.
The Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement is to develop modalities for the global stocktaking (Para 102) and this should include consideration of the long term strategies, per capita incomes and emissions as well as emissions since at least 1990 (preferably 1950) to assess how the carbon budget is being used by countries. These modalities will also incorporate how the other five mandated outputs from other bodies are to be considered in the stocktake for developing a global action plan that requires technology research, development and transfer for all the four basic energy sectors (transportation, industry, residential and commercial, and electricity) to meet the ‘emissions gap’ identified in the ‘facilitative dialogue’ in 2018.
This interlocked set of guidelines covers areas where the Convention, negotiated in 1992, has evolved to start a dialogue on how to make the transition to sustainable development. While the subsequent reviews, stocktaking, compliance and interaction with non-State actors will determine the template for international cooperation the dialogue in 2018 will provide clarity how national contributions will meet the ‘emissions gap’.
Meeting the ‘Emissions Gap’ requires fairness and ambition
In 2018, there will be a ‘facilitative dialogue’ to take stock of the collective mitigation efforts of countries and it will shape future nation