For a good discussion of “dual arrest” research and the complexities within the primary aggressor issue, see Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).
The table below summarizes the responses to Domestic Violence, the mechanism by which they are intended to work, the conditions under which they ought to work best, and some factors you should consider before implementing a particular response. It is critical that you tailor responses to local circumstances, and that you can justify each response based on reliable analysis. In most cases, an effective strategy will involve implementing several different responses. Law enforcement responses alone are seldom effective in reducing or solving the problem.
|General Considerations for an Effective Response Strategy|
|#||Response||How It Works||Works Best If…||Considerations|
|1||Implementing a comprehensive and collabo rative response strategy||Addresses both victimization and offending; identifies gaps in strategies, resources, and response protocols||… the collaborative does an appraisal ofthe community’s response to domestic violence to identify what is and isn’t working and gaps||Group should be educated about what works in reducing domestic violence victimization and revictimization and the limitations of some approaches; group commits to ongoing evaluation of efforts; collaboration with a university researcher may be useful; will probably require a champion who pursues a collaborative response strategy|
|2||Educating collaborative partners||Increases likelihood of adoption ofproven effective responses||…collaborative partners commit to relying on facts and research, rather than anecdotes||Requires high level of coordination|
|3||Tailoring the police response on the basis of offender and victim risk||Applies the most appropriate type and level of response to the particular victim and offender||…offender is told about the measures police put in place; graded responses are applied quickly because the highest risk period for further assault is within the first four weeks of the last assault||Accurate victimization and offending information is needed to select the most appropriate level of response|
|Specific Responses to Domestic Violence|
|#||Response||How It Works||Works Best If…||Considerations|
|4||Educating potential victims and offenders||Encourages victim reporting, de-motivates potential offenders, or raises the consciousness of potential witnesses to abuse||…efforts are highly targeted and focused on a geographic area or certain high-risk groups||If evaluation mechanisms are not put in place, the campaign, which can be costly, will remain of unknown value|
|5||Encouraging victims and witnesses to call the police||Deters potential and actual offenders||…at-risk populations and their peers and neighbors believe that calling the police will be effective||Hard core batterers are not likely to be deterred just by calling, so more must be done|
|6||Encouraging other professionals to screen for domestic violence victimization and make appropriate referrals||Increases likelihood of effective intervention in abusive relationships||…doctors have adequate training||Requires active participation of community’s medical profession|
|7||Providing victims with emergency protection and services after an assault||Provides safe place for victims; improves information sharing between police and victim service providers; informs police about high-risk victims and offenders; links victims with other essential services||…there is a belief that each service provider, including the police, has a common interest in ensuring victim safety and de-motivating the offender||May require extensive discussions by parties to define roles, responsibilities, and limits of partnership; collaboration requires agreement about confidentiality issues|
|8||Assessing the threat of repeat victimization||Determines need for immediate protection ofvictim and apprehension ofoffender||…officers/collaborators trained to assess revictimization threats||Requires training and timely and accurate intelligence information|
|9||Arresting 