uman brain deal with language, these researches target was to have a clear approach to achieve balanced bilingualism. Therefore another theory aimed to reach an approach the relationship between cognition and level of bilingualism, this theory in known as the Thresholds Theory and it was first presented in 1976 and 1977 by Cummins, Toukomaa and Kangas , this theory explained the bilingualism as two threshold each one is a level of language that'' has consequences for a child'' (Baker,2011). The first threshold for a child is to avoid the negative consequences of bilingualism , which might be confusion of language and balancing between two languages. The second level is to obtain the positive benefits of bilingualism (Ibid). This second threshold is when the child gains the social and educational skills to benefit of the aspects of being bilingual, this skills are the main step to achieve bilingual balance when a child learns to benefit from the two languages to the maximum limit in supporting his/her developmental process. This idea gives a reasonable approach to the child bilingual ability and how he/she learn to adjust this ability to improve their lives and use it as a tool in their development process. Meanwhile Dodson (1978) presented his view on bilingualism from a different perspective. He argued that ''a child's mind is focused mainly on the language itself.'' In message- oriented communication, the child's aim is to communicate a message which is not about language, so that language becomes the tool rather than the focus of attention''.( Daniel ,2002) ''He then proposes that the latter should be an integral part of every second language activity unit at the infant and junior school levels'' (Dodson, 1978). In Dodson's theory the language is just a tool that the child learn to benefit from it to develop in all ways, instead of focusing on developing the child's language ability itself .
6- Bilingualism and Ideology
Bilingualism and Civic ideology: ''It expects language minorities to adopt the public values of the politically dominant majority while allowing freedom in the private values of individuals ''(Baker,2011). But there is no official recognition of the minority language ,also there is no support for other languages ,civic ideology ' is characterized by an official state policy of non-intervention and non-support of the minority languages and cultures'(Bourhis, 2001).Meanwhile Wiley (2002) considered this language policy as a tolerance- oriented policy, but this policy is officially denying the minority's identities and cultural heritage , also it underestimates the minority role in the society and generalize a specific cultural model on the whole society despite of their background differences, while it is tough to encourage the minority to adapt the common values of the majority if they were labeled in the public policies as a second degree citizens. In contrast to the civic ideology ,pluralist ideology supports the individuals freedom in all means of life ,such as, work, learn, the supporters of this ideology argues that the minority are included in the tax payment system ,and as a tax payers they have the same rights of the majority,' it is equitable that state funds be distributed to support the cultural and linguistic activities of the majority and the minority group' (Bourhis,2001). And Schools ' the judiciary and civil administration will expect to operate bilingually, where reasonable, and not in opposition to national coherence and unity' .Canada's Official Language Act (1969,1988). But unlikely to the Pluralist ideology , the Assimilation ideology is the most dominant ideology in many countries where there are immigrants according to Baker (2011) , the assimilation ideology is based on the idea that language is one of the areas in people's life where the state has the right to interfere . In this case Immigrants should desert their mother language , so they would not appear as if they have no loyalty to the nation , because the state policies in most cases promotes the idea that minority languag