gious settings (a Golf Bible, a Bible for computer programmers, etc.), it does not properly refer to the scriptures of other religions (i.e., there is no "Muslim Bible" or "Hindu Bible").
Testament / Covenant - These terms originally referred to a "formal agreement" (Hebrew berith, Greek diatheke, Latin testamentum) between two parties, with obligations on each side and consequences for breaking the agreement. "Testament" is later also used to refer to the written "covenants" between God and the Jewish and/or Christian people, as contained in the "Old Testament" and/or the "New Testament" (see Jer 31:31; Luke 22:20; Heb 8:79:17).
scriptural / canonical / biblical - When used by Jews or Christians, these adjectives seem interchangeable, referring to any books contained in their Bibles (i.e., part of the "canon" of the Jewish and/or Christian scriptures). But remember: which books are considered part of the Bible depends on whom you ask! The 27 books of the New Testament are considered "scriptural/biblical" by all Christians, but not by Jews; and several books of the Old Testament are considered "canonical/biblical" by Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians, but not by Jews or Protestant Christians (as explained in detail below). Moreover, the "scriptural" writings of any non-Judeo/Christian religion should not be called "biblical"; and they should only be called "canonical" if they are part of an "official list" of writings considered sacred by that religion.
non-biblical / non-canonical / non-scriptural books - Ancient writings that are not part of the Bible, including the OT Pseudepigrapha (Jewish), and many early Christian writings (many of which also called Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypses). But again, beware: the same writing might be considered "biblical" by one group and "non-biblical" by another group!
Caution with some possibly ambiguous terms:
Hebrew Bible (HB) - A collection of 24 "books" (or large "scrolls"), traditionally called the Mikra in Hebrew (or Miqra, lit. "writings"), now often referred to as the "TaNaK" or "Tanakh" (from the Hebrew names of its three main sections: Torah + Nevi'im + Khetuvim). It is closely related, but not identical, to what Christians call the "Old Testament" (see below). Most of the books in the HB were composed between the 10th and 6th centuries BCE, although they also contain some older source materials. Most were originally written in Hebrew, but a few books (or parts of them) were composed in Aramaic, a closely related ancient language. Throughout history, Jews have used these books as their "scriptures," although many ancient Jews (esp. Greek-speaking Jews living outside of Palestine) had even larger collections of scriptures (some from more recent times, some composed in Greek; see the LXX below). The official "canon" of the HB was not determined until around 90 AD, when the leading Jewish rabbis of the time limited their biblical collection to the 24 Hebrew (or partly Aramaic) writings that came from the 6th century BCE or earlier. The HB is divided into the following three categories (with the second category frequently sub-divided in two):
Torah - often translated "Law," but more accurately meaning "Teaching" or "Instruction" in Hebrew. Strictly speaking, "Torah" refers to the first five books of the HB (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), considered the "core" of the Bible by all Jews; they are sometimes also called the "Five Books of Moses" (due to the traditional opinion that Moses himself wrote all of them). More broadly, the word "Torah" is sometimes used to refer to the entire "Tanak." Many Jews also distinguish between the "Written Torah" (in the Bible) and the "Oral Torah" (other instructions given to Moses on Mount Sinai, but not written down until much later, in the "rabbinic literature" of the 3rd to 7th centuries).
Nevi'im - meaning "Prophets"; subdivided in Jewish Bibles into the "Former Prophets" (Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings - which also contain stories of early "prophets" like Elijah, Elisha, Samuel, Nathan, etc.), and the