, portrait, and self-portrait.
phosphene - A sensation of light caused by excitation of the retina by mechanical or electric means rather than by light, as when the eyeballs are rubbed through closed lids.
photoCD - A storage method for digital images. In the basic Kodak PhotoCD configuration, five different levels of image quality are stored for each image in an Imagepac (a file-storage format.)
photocopy - To make a photographic reproduction of printed or graphic material, especially by xerography. This is the most common contemporary method of making inexpensive photo images on paper. Photocopy machines are commonly sited in schools, libraries, businesses, etc. Also, a piece of such photographic or xerographic reproduction. Other photographic means of reproduction include blueprinting, facsimile, microfilming, and photostats. We are S H O C K E D . S H O C K E D : a Teddy Bear caught in the act of mooning a photocopier.
photogene - See afterimage.
photogram - A photographic print made by placing an arrangement of objects on photosensitive paper exposed to light to yield an image of ghostly silhouettes floating in a void of darkened space. The first photogram was probably made around 1802.
Anna Atkins (English, 1799-1871) and Anne Dixon (English, 19th century), Equisetum sylvaticum, 1853, cyanotype photogram,10 x 7 7/8 inches, J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA. Anna Atkins produced the first photographically illustrated book, British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions, in 1843. She included this photo in her second book, Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Ferns, c. 1860.
William Henry Fox Talbot (British, 1800-1877), Wrack, 1839, salted paper print, 22 x 17.5 cm (8 11/16 x 6 7/8 inches), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Hippolyte Bayard (French, 1801-1887), Arrangement of Specimens, Paris, about 1842, direct positive print (cyanotype photogram), 10 15/16 x 8 1/2 inches (27.7 x 21.6 cm), J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA.
Man Ray (born Emmanuel Rudnitzky) (American, 1890-1976)
László Moholy-Nagy (born Hungary, active in Germany and the USA, 1895-1946), Untitled (Positive), c. 1922-1924, gelatin silver print from photogram negative, .237 x .178 m (9 5/16 x 7 inches), National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. See Bauhaus, German art, Hungarian art, and positive.
László Moholy-Nagy, Hand Photogram, c. 1925, gelatin silver print photogram, 9 3/8 x 7 inches (23.81 x 17.78 cm), Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Adam Füss (British, 1961-), Now!, 1988, gelatin silver print, 169.5 x 129.5 cm (66 3/4 x 51 inches), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Also see positive and rayograph.
photograph and photo - See photography.
photographic - Having to do with photography. Often referring to an image's resemblence to a photograph — similar to the way it's subject would appear in a photograph, with great accuracy and fidelity of detail.
photogravure - A photomechanical printmaking process invented in 1879. A photographic image is transfered to a copper plate which is chemically etched. The plate is hand-inked for each print.
Alfred Stieglitz (American, 1864-1946), The Steerage, 1907, photogravure, published in 1915 as a special supplement to No. 7-8 of Camera Work; 13 1/8 x 10 3/8 inches (33.3 x 26.4 cm), Minneapolis Institute of Art. See Photo-Secession.
Karl Blossfeldt (German, 1865-1932), Delphinium, from the album "Urformen der Kunst," 1928, photogravure, 10 x 7 1/2 inches (25.4 x 19.05 cm), Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Edward Sheriff Curtis (American, 1868-1954), A Hopi Man, 1921, photogravure on vellum paper, 15 1/8 x 11 3/8 inches (38.42 x 28.89 cm), Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Also see photography and positive.
photomechanical graphic - Photographic (and analog) processes used in preparing to print images with the printing plates. Color separation is one of the functions of photomechanical processes — making a separate printing plate for each of the color components in a color picture. Usually there are four: one plate for yellow, one for blue (cyan), one for red (magenta), and one for black. Images printed by offset lithography — th