achbarth and Arthur Balogh, these are to be considered primary sources. Besides these, they identify secondary sources as well, which include the resolutions adopted in order that the international contractual obligations undertaken with the purpose of the protection of minorities under the aegis of the League of Nations could be supervised and that the states could be held accountable. These, accordingly, include rules of procedure and regulations that ensure compliance with the treaties or concern the operation of the League of Nations and its Council. Under a broader interpretation, they can thus be regarded secondary legal sources. However, with regard to the principle on which I will base the use of the "substantive and procedural law" expression further on, I deem the use of the primary-secondary division unnecessary. For that matter, in the case of the minority protection system developed under the aegis of the League of Nations, the substantive-procedural and primary-secondary divisions of minority legislation can be considered synonymic, since it is on the basis of the mandate of primary, that is, substantive law (international treaties concerning the protection of minorities) that secondary, that is, procedural law can be elaborated by the League of Nations, as international organisation.
Let us now look at the classification of the legal sources of minority protection created under the aegis of the League of Nations:
1. General treaties that aim at the protection of minorities;
- minorities treaties;
- relevant chapters of the peace treaties;
2. special treaties that aim at the protection of minorities;
3. minority declarations.
2.2. Minorities Protection Treaties Signed Between the Allied and Associated Powers and the New or Territorially Expanded States
These were the following:
1. Treaty of peace with Poland [Polish Minorities Treaty], signed in Versailles on 28 June 1919: Articles 1-12 under the protection of the League of Nations subsequent to 13 February 1920.
2. Treaty between the Principal Allied and Associated Powers and Czechoslovakia [Czechoslovak Minorities Treaty] signed in Saint-Germain Laye on 10 September 1919: Chapters 1-2 under the protection of the League of Nations subsequent to 29 November 1920.
3. Treaty between the Principal Allied and Associated Powers and the Serb-Croat-Slovene State [Yugoslav Minorities Treaty] signed in Saint-Germain Laye on 10 September 1919: Articles 1-11 under the protection of the League of Nations subsequent to 29 November 1920.
4. Treaty between the Principal Allied and Associated Powers and Romania [Romanian Minorities Treaty] signed in Paris on 9 December 1919: Articles 1-12 under the protection of the League of Nations subsequent to 30 August 1921.
5. Treaty between the Principal Allied and Associated Powers and Greece, signed in Sèvres on 10 August 1920 (amended by the Protocol of Lausanne signed on 24 July 1923): Articles 1-16 under the protection of the League of Nations subsequent to 26 September 1924.
[6. Treaty on Armenian Minorities signed in Sèvres on 10 August 1920: since Armenia lost its independence on 21 February 1921, the treaty was never ratified and did not enter into force.]
2.3. Relevant Provisions of the Peace Treaties
The peace treaties were signed by the Allied and Associated Powers and the former Central Powers. Only articles indicated below [I] would fall under the protection of the League of Nations. The text of the peace treaties contained provisions concerning minority protection beyond these [II].
1. Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria, signed in Saint-Germain Laye on 10 September 1919: Articles 62-69 under the protection of the League of Nations subsequent to 27 October 1920.
2. Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Bulgaria, signed in Neuilly on 27 November 1919: Articles 49-57 under the protection of the League of Nations subsequent to 27 October 1920.
3. Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary, signed in Trianon on 4 June 1920: Articles 54-60 un