 3, 1953. There have been eleven Protocols to the Convention, but as from November 1, 1998, Protocol 9 was repealed and Protocol 10 lost its purpose. For an online text as amended by Protocol 11 (E.T.S. No. 155, in force November 1, 1998), see the Council of Europe Web site, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/005.htm (last visited July 26, 2007). Other documents, such as the status of ratifications and an explanatory report, are also available through links provided on the same Web site, at http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?NT=005&CL=ENG (last visited July 26, 2007). [Back to Text]
- Van Bueren, supra note 3, at 22. She mentions several cases in fn. 153 and discusses them elsewhere in the text. [Back to Text]
- Id. at 22, n. 154. [Back to Text]
- The Banjul Charter, in a Preamble and 68 articles,
was adopted June 27, 1981, and entered into force October 21, 1986. OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982). For an online text, see the
African Commission on Human and People’s Rights Web site, http://www.achpr.org/english/_info/charter_en.html
(unofficial source) (last visited July 26, 2007). [Back to Text]
- Van Bueren, supra note 3, at 24. [Back to Text]
- The Protocol was adopted by the African Union on July 11, 2003, and entered into force on November 25, 2005. For an online text, see the Human Rights Education Associates Web site, http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display.php?doc_id=806&
category_id=31&category_type=3 (last visited July 25, 2007).
[Back to Text]
- The American Convention on Human Rights, with a Preamble and 82 articles, was adopted on November 22, 1969, in San José, Costa Rica, and entered into force on July 18, 1978. OAS, Treaty Series, No. 36; U.N. Registration 08/27/79 No. 17955. For an online text of the Convention, see Organization of American States (OAS) Web site, http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/b-32.html (unofficial source) (last visited July 26, 2007); for the status of ratifications, see OAS Web site http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/Sigs/b-32.html (last visited July 26, 2007). [Back to Text]
CEDAW, comprising a Preamble and 30 articles, was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly on December 18, 1979, and entered into force on September 3, 1981. G.A. Res. 34/180, 34 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 46) at 193, U.N. Doc. A/34/46. For an online text, see the U.N. Division of the Advancement of Women Web site,
(last visited July 27, 2007). A list of the status of signatures, ratifications, and accessions is available on the same Web site, at http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/states.htm (last visited July 27, 2007). [Back to Text]
- Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women: Text of the Convention, U.N. Division of the Advancement of Women: Department of Social and Economic Affairs Web site, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/cedaw.htm (last visited July 27, 2007). [Back to Text]
- The 1996 Convention was adopted on October 19, 1996, and entered into force January 1, 2002. 35 I.L.M. 1391, 1396 (1996). It comprises a brief Preamble and 63 articles. For an online text, see the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH) Web site, http://hcch.e-vision.nl/index_en.php?act=conventions.text&cid=70 (last visited July 27, 2007). See alsoHow Children’s Voices Are Heard in Protective Proceedings, Representing Children Worldwide (RCW) (2005), available at http://www.law.yale.edu/rcw/ (the study covers 250 jurisdictions), and Gloria Folger DeHart, The Relationship Between the 1980 Child Abduction Convention and the 1996 Protection Convention, 33:1 Journal of International Law and Politics 83 (2000), available at http://www3.law.nyu.edu/journals/jilp/issues/33/pdf/33f.pdf (PDF). The entire issue of the JILP is devoted to the 1980 Convention, marking its twentieth anniversary. [Back to Text]
- The Hague Convention of 1996 on the International Protection of Children, HCCH Web site, http://hcch.e-vision.nl/upload/outline34e.pdf (last visited July 27, 2007). The article summarizes the Convention’s contents. [Back to 