 capstone project’s literature review. Basically, concept mapping is a process for representing and organizing ideas using pictures. The goal of a concept map is to simplify complex concepts using circles, boxes, and/or other shapes that are linked with arrows carrying explanatory legends that depict pictorial connections between ideas (Grant & Osonloo, 2016).
A concept map offers you an instrument to draw a plan for how you will approach your capstone project within a specific theoretical framework. First, you should review literature and organize key issues of interest related to your topic. These are the foundational concepts that support your chosen theory. Next, arrange your ideas in a hierarchical, logical structure. You can start with general ideas and funnel your thinking down to more specific, related topics and ideas. Each idea should have a clear purpose and significance in relation to the aggregate topic. Readers of your capstone project should begin to see a clear picture of your ideas by previewing the organization and identification of your key topics. Visual arrows and connectors should provide insight into how concepts are aligned and connected and illustrate the flow of ideas. Lastly, frame out your entire map with your theoretical framework and your PIO/PICO question (Grant & Osonloo, 2016). Concept maps will help you write a clear literature review in an organized manner that is aligned with your chosen theoretical framework (Refer to Table 7.2: Items to be Included in a Literature Review Rooted in Theory).
Table 7.2: Items to be Included in a Literature Review Rooted in Theory
Source: Grant, C. & Osanloo, A. (2016). Understanding, selecting, and integrating a theoretical framework in dissertation research: Creating the blueprint for your “house”. Administrative issues journal: connecting education, practice, and research, 4(2),7.
The ability to construct a concept map illustrates two essential properties of understanding: the representation and the organization of ideas. A holistic view of your developing concept map will allow you to view concepts that may or may not fit with your theoretical framework. Your capstone instructors, and mentor can help you evaluate the feasibility of the theory, plan, and approach to your capstone project (Grant & Osonloo, 2016). (Refer to Appendix 7.B: Sample Concept Map: Person-Environment-Occupation Model).
Problem Tree Analysis provides a template for mapping causes and effects to better understand the chain of connected circumstances that led to a current issue, problem, or need. Using the tree as a metaphor, you separate the causes (roots) from the effects (branches) of a central issue (trunk). Problem Tree Analysis provides a structured way for you to identify concerns, discern causes from symptoms, and potentially frame problem statements in a clear manner. Problem Tree Analysis can help you:
- untangle complex problems
- reveal various causes and effects
- build a shared understanding
- provide a direction for problem-solving
Problem Tree Analysis, which is also known as a Situational analysis or Problem analysis is central in many forms of project and program planning (Luma Institute, 2021). (Refer to Table 7.3: Advantages of Problem Tree Analysis).
Table 7.3: Advantages of Problem Tree Analysis
Source: Planning tools: Problem tree analysis. ODI. (2014, June 27). Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://odi.org/en/publications/planning-tools-problem-tree-analysis/ (Refer to Appendix 7.C: Sample Problem Tree Analysis: Pediatric HIV)
Root Cause Analysis
Root cause analysis (RCA) is the process of discovering the root causes of problems to identify appropriate solutions. RCA assumes that it is much more effective to systematically prevent and solve for underlying issues rather than just treating unplanned symptoms and putting out fires. RCA can be performed with a collection of principles, techniques, and methodologies that can all be leveraged to identify the root cause of an event or trend. Looking beyond superficial cause and effect, RCA can show where proc