een built or are under way include:
In Austria: Ölzbündt; the LifeCycle Tower (2012), Dornbirn; Schützenstrasse, Innsbruck; Am Muehlweg (2004), Spöttlgasse (2005), Wagramer Strasse (2012) in Wien; Samermösl, Salzburg; Impulse Centre, Graz; Ammerwald Alpine Hotel, Tyrol.
In Switzerland: Wyler Park, Berne; currently over 1000 apartments in Zurich are under construction.
In Germany: projects in Aichach, Hamburg and in Berlin; for instance, the 5-storey apartment building in Goerschstrasse in Berlin-Pankow.
In Italy: a 9-storey apartment building with 130 units is under construction in Milan.
In the UK: various projects have been completed or are in the pipeline, for instance in Hackney, London (Stadthaus, Bridport). One of the earliest projects was the 5-storey office and residential building in Waterson Street, London, by Quay2c Architects (2004).
In Norway: projects in Trondheim and Stavanger have been completed.
In Finland: a large complex in Helsinki, the ‘Low2No’ project, is under construction.
In Canada: the Earth Sciences Building for UBC in Vancouver has been completed (a hybrid structure); a 20-storey wood tower for Vancouver is in planning.
In New Zealand: the 5-storey timber building for Massey University in Wellington has been completed.
In Australia, only a few CLT buildings have been designed and submitted for development approval so far (e.g. the 10-storey Bourke St ‘Forté’ building at Victoria Harbour, which has been completed in 2012, is the first CLT building). Construction costs for apartment buildings are still significantly higher than costs for houses; however, CLT construction has the capacity to change this situation in the coming years. A development in the Sydney area (MacArthur Gardens in Western Sydney), and three in Adelaide (the 4-storey Sturt Street housing project in the city centre; an 8-storey student housing project on top of the existing Topham Mall car park in Currie Street; and an 8-storey apartment building at Bowden Urban Village) propose CLT buildings, although the designs are still only in concept form at the time of writing. Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 illustrate some of the recently built residential building cases constructed with CLT systems.
According to Lattke and Lehmann , construction with CLT panels in Europe since the late 1990s has resulted in some ground-breaking demonstration projects, a number of which they have analysed in detail. At the moment, almost every larger timber building is a prototype. Kaufmann argues: ‘To achieve greater certainty in terms of planning and the granting of building permits, standardisations are necessary’ (Kaufmann, p. 42) . The interest in an uptake of CLT construction is immense: CLT systems were first used in the UK’s construction industry only ten years ago, but it has quickly grown, with now (2012) around one hundred CLT projects proposed in the UK—especially in the mid-rise residential and school building sectors.
Table 1 lists the eight selected built cases and summarizes some aspects of these multi-storey apartment buildings using massive wood panel construction: these relatively complex residential projects in Europe provide an insight into the diversity of design possibilities using the panel system. An overview of the growing market for CLT construction from this research will be of interest to players in all phases of the construction industry.
|Case||Height||Dwellings||Cost in millions||Architects||Comments|
|1. Bridport House, Hackney, London, UK (completed Oct. 2011)||8 storeys||41 units (1–4 bedroom apart-ments)||£5.9||Karakusevic & Carson, London with Eurban; Stora Enso||Code Level 4 and Lifetime Homes|
|construction time: 12 weeks, Oct–Nov 2010|
|CLT delivered by Stora Enso (30 deliveries to site).|
|2. Stadthaus, apartment building, 24 Murray Grove, Hackney, London (completed Jan. 2009)||9 storeys, of which 8 storeys are in CLT||29 apart-ments,||£3.5||Waugh & Thistleton Architects with Techniker Limited Engineers||Used KLH CLT: 926 cubic metres|
|part