courage, reverence for the gods, fairness and generosity toward those weaker than himself
~dying an honorable death was judged more important than living a long life
Explain the etymology of the name Japan.
Comes from the Chinese word ri-ben, which means "origin of the sun" or "land of the rising sun"
Explain how Shinto and Buddhism "merged" in the 10th century Japan.
Some Buddhist rituals became Shinto rituals, and some Shinto gods and goddesses were worshiped in Buddhist temples
Why did Japan not adopt the Chinese civil service system?
Prince Shotoku planned a strong central government like that of the Tang rulers. He also tried to introduce China's civil-service system. However, this attempt failed. In Japan, noble birth remained the key to winning a powerful position.
How did noble "rules dictate every aspect of court life" in medieval Japan? [Include discussion of weaponry and wardrobe.]
Gentlemen and ladies of the court filled their days with elaborate ritual and artistic pursuits. Rules dictated every aspect of court life- the length of swords, the color of official robes, and forms of address, even the number of skirts a woman wore. Etiquette was also extremely important. Laughing aloud in public was frowned upon.
St. Francis of Assisi
~founded another order of friars, the Franciscans
~he treated all creatures, including animals, as if they were his spiritual brothers and sisters
~in 1212, a woman named Clare and her friend Francis of Assisi founded the Franciscan order for women
~It was known as the Poor Clares
~in the early 1100s, this new style of architecture evolved throughout medieval Europe
~the term Gothic comes from a Germanic tribe named the Goths
~unlike the heavy, gloomy Romanesque bu9ldings, Gothic cathedrals thrust upward as if reaching toward heaven
~light streamed in through huge stained glass windows; other arts of the medieval world were evident around or in the Gothic cathedral- sculpture, wood-carvings and stained glass windows
~All of these elements were meant to inspire the worshiper with the magnificence of God
~they gained control of the Holy Land
~over the next 300 years, a number of such Crusades were launched
~the crusades had economic, social, and political goals as well as religious motives
~kings and the Church both saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought each other
~to a Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader
~the Crusaders' states were extremely vulnerable to Muslim counterattack
~in 1144, Edessa was reconquered by the Turks
~The Second Crusade was organized to recapture the city
~But its armies straggled home in defeat; in 1187, Europeans were shocked to learn that Jerusalem itself had fallen to a Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader
Richard the Lion-Hearted
~The Third Crusade to recapture Jerusalem was led by three of Europe's most powerful monarchs.
~Philip II of France, German emperor Frederick I, and Richard
~he was an English king
~he was left to lead the Crusaders in an attempt to regain the Holy Land from Saladin
~he was a brilliant warrior
~took place in 1212
~in two different movements, thousands of children set out to conquer Jerusalem
~one group in France was led by 12-year-old Stephen of Cloyes
~an estimated 30,000 children under 18 joined him
~in Germany, Nicholas of Cologne gathered about 20,000 children and young adults
the style between 800 and 1100; had round arches and a heavy foot held up by thick walls and pillars
Why would the Catholic Church be alarmed at frustrated with so many priests marrying?
Because it was against Church rulings
What was the difference between a friar and a monk?
Like monks, friars took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience; unlike monks, friars did not live apart from the world in monasteries; friars owned nothing and lived by begging
Explain the social, economic, political and religious goals of the Crusades.
in the later Crusades, merchants profited by making cash loans to finance the journey; according to the pop, those who died on Crusade were assured of a place in heaven
Where in Europe were the C