participants can recognize the major spirits who are well known throughout the country, or the principal spirits known in a given locality, by the stylized behavior of devotees possessed by them Bourguignon, 1980. It is thought that the lwa like blood and that animal sacrifices are the means by which favors may be obtained.
Specifically, in 1492, , an African-Spanish seafarer, was recorded as piloting one of Columbus' ships. Rastafarian culture has spread to other parts of the Caribbean, and Rastafarian art, poetry, music, and philosophy are well known in London, Paris, and other cities in and the United States. Prominent among the nature spirits are Dambala, the serpent spirit identified with the rainbow and associated with floods; Bade, spirit of the winds; Sogbo, a Fon spirit of thunder; Shango Yor. The lucumis Afro-Cubans of Yoruba extraction honor each of the gods with choral dances and pantomime in accordance with authentic Yoruba tradition see Ortiz, 1951, for a detailed and vivid account of lucumi dances; and Simpson, 1978. Each bongo man holds a sacrificial ceremony annually and conducts Convince rites as the need for them arises.
They see no inconsistency between their Christian faith and non-Christian beliefs. The possesses followers during revivalist ceremonies, as do the spirits of figures such as Jeremiah, Isaiah, Joshua, Moses, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; apostles and evangelists such as Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Peter, and James; the archangels Michael, Gabriel and Raphael; Satan and his chief assistant, Rutibel; beings from Hebrew magical tradition, such as Uriel, Ariel, Seraph, Nathaniel, and Tharsis; Constantine, Melshezdek, and the Royal Angel; and the dead, especially prominent revivalist leaders of the past Moore and Simpson, 1957; Simpson, 1978. You can complete the definition of afro-caribbean given by the English Definition dictionary with other English dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Oxford, Cambridge, Chambers Harrap, Wordreference, Collins Lexibase dictionaries, Merriam Webster. After Eshu's ejection, the worshipers invite other powers to the ceremony by drumming the powers' favorite rhythms. Singing, drumming, and dancing are intended to placate the ancestors of the family giving the ceremony, and some participants become possessed by the spirits of their deceased ancestors, as occurs in Kumina and Convince in Jamaica, the Big Drum in Grenada and Carriacou, and Kele in Saint Lucia.
Neo-African Cults These cults developed during the early stages of cultural contact between persons of European and African origin, because members of the subordinate group could neither acquire the religion of the dominant group nor participate as comembers in the historic Christian denominations. Although in recent years Santer ía has declined in Cuba, the presence of Cuban refugees has stimulated the worship of Shango and the other Yoruba orisha in the. The confusions and contradictions in the beliefs about these beings are due in part to contradictions in the Fon religious system that the Haitians adopted, and in part to the merging of the Fon system with that of the Yoruba Courlander, 1960. . Most Kumina dances are memorial services held to pay respects to the dead ancestors of the participants, but ceremonies are performed on other occasions, such as betrothal, marriage, burial, the naming of a baby, the anniversary of emancipation, and Moore, 1953; Schuler, 1980.
Various reasons are given for organizing a festival: to counter the ill health or misfortune of a friend or relative, to dedicate a tombstone for a deceased family member, to start a critically important undertaking, or to launch the marriage preparations of a son or daughter. Sacrifices of food and drink are offered periodically to the spirits of the ancestors; some offerings are taken out to sea and thrown into the water. In many areas of the , however, a number of hybrid religions have attracted large numbers of followers. They were pre-eminent in creating new cultural forms such as , and within the Caribbean. Columbus was originally at