 to note that the control unit operation is determined by an algorithm of a problem solution. The algorithm is a sequence of arithmetic and logical operations. These operations must be performed on the initial data for solving the problem.
Description of an algorithm in a form acceptable by a computer is called a program. A program is a list of sequential computer instructions enabling a computer to solve a problem. In order to be acceptable by the computer instructions must be encoded into a digital form.
In conclusion it should be pointed out that the main feature of a computer is automatic control of the problem solution process. It is based on the programmed-control principle.
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 108
15. Выполните письменный перевод текстов по вариантам. Озаглавьте тексты.
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1. In 1960's advances in microelectronic components led to
the development of the minicomputer, followed more recently
by an even smaller microcomputer. Both have filled a need for
small but relatively flexible processing systems able to execute
comparatively simple computing functions at lower costs.
In 1971 Intel Corporation delivered the first microprocessor, the 4004. All the logic to implement the central processing unit of a tiny computer was put onto a single silicon chip less than 1/4 inch square. That design was soon followed by many others. The progress toward smaller computers is continuing, designers are working at nano-computers and pico-computers.
When the central processing unit of a computer is implemented in a single, or very small number of integrated circuits, we call it a microprocessor. When a computer includes a microprocessor as its major component, such device is called a microcomputer.
Today the hardware in data-processing machines is built out of microelectronic devices. Advances in microelectronic devices give rise to advances in data-processing machinery.
2. The computer has made it possible to mechanize much
of the information interchange and processing that constitute
the nervous system of our society.
The versatility and convenience of the microprocessor has changed the entire architecture of modern computer systems. No longer is the processing of information carried out only in the computer's central processing unit. Today there is a trend toward distributing more processing capability throughout a computer system, with various areas having small local processors for handling operations in those areas.
There are a number of advantages of distributed processing. First, .since many elements of the computer can be working on different portions of the same task, the work may be done faster. Second, if one element in the network malfunctions, its workload can be shifted to another element or shared among several elements, so that the entire work is relatively immune
109 Unit 8. Central Processing Unit
to failure. Third, the network can be small enough to be contained within a single laboratory or building, or it can be spread out over a wide area.
1. Вставьте необходимые слова вместо пропусков.
1. Programs and data to be processed must be in the____________
,a) internal; b) external; c) secondary
2. The control unit_________ instructions from the program.
a) sends; b) changes; c) obtains
3. The results of arithmetic operations are returned to the
_____ for transferring to main storage.
a) decoder; b) counter; c) accumulator
4. The instruction to be__________ in control unit is read out
from primary storage into the storage register.
a) calculated;Jb) executed; c) read out
5. The______ performs logical comparisons of the contents
of the storage register and the___________ .
a) adder; b) accumulator; c) comparer
6. The read out command is passed from the____________ regis
ter to the________ register.
a) instruction; b) address; c) storage
7. CPU is designed to________ and to_______ basic instruc
tions for the computer.
/a) control; b) consist; c) carry ouU
8. CU and ALU consist of electronic circuits with millions
a) sensors; b) servers; c) switches
2. Согласуйте слова левой колонки с их и