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The drawing for anaphase I should show the tetrads moving to the top and bottom of the cell along the spindles and the cytoplasm slowly beginning to divide buy imuran 50mg with amex muscle relaxant suppository. Chapter 14 Carrying Life Forward: The Female Reproductive System In This Chapter Mapping out the female reproductive parts and what they do Understanding meiosis as the process that makes eggs Explaining embryology Nursing a fetus into a baby Following the process of growth and aging in women en may have quite a few hard-working parts in their reproductive systems 50mg imuran with mastercard spasms sphincter of oddi, but women Mare the ones truly responsible for survival of the species (biologically speaking, anyway). The female body prepares for reproduction every month for most of a woman’s adult life, producing an ovum and then measuring out delicate levels of hormones to prepare for nurturing a developing embryo. When a fertilized ovum fails to show up, the body hits the biological reset button and sloughs off the uterine lining before building it up all over again for next month’s reproductive roulette. But that’s nothing compared to what the female body does when a fertilized egg actually settles in for a nine-month stay. Strap yourselves in for a tour of the incredible female baby-making machinery — practice questions included. Identifying the Female Reproductive Parts and Their Functions First and foremost in the female reproductive repertoire are the two ovaries, which usually take a turn every other month to produce a single ovum. Roughly the size and shape of large unshelled almonds, the female gonads lie on either side of the uterus, below and slightly behind the Fallopian tubes (also called the uterine tubes). Each ovary has a stroma (body) of connective tissue surrounded by a dense fibrous connective tissue called the tunica albuginea (literally “white covering”); yes, that’s the same name as the tissue surrounding the testes. In fact, the ovaries in a female and the testes in a male are homologous, meaning that they share similar origins. External to the tunica albuginea is a layer of cuboidal cells known as the germinal epithelium. During growth of the ovary in a female fetus prior to birth, the germinal epithelium dips into the body of the ovary in various places. Over time, a mass of epithelial cells called primordial follicles, or primary follicles, becomes separated from the main body of the ovary. The ovaries of a young girl contain from 100,000 to 400,000 of these follicles, most of them present at birth. Usually, only one follicle matures to become a Graafian follicle (twins, triplets, or even more fetuses result if more than one follicle matures to the point of releas- ing an ovum). One cell of this mass, the oocyte (produced by oogenesis, or meiosis), becomes the ovum while the remaining cells surround the ovum as part of the cumulus oophorus and others line the fluid-filled follicular cavity as the membrana granulosa.
Developmental models are more descriptive buy discount imuran 50mg line muscle relaxant 303, whereas decision-making models examine the predictors and precursors to this behaviour generic imuran 50mg free shipping gastrointestinal spasms. Developmental models Developmental models emphasize contraception use as involving a series of stages. Therefore, they describe the transition through the diﬀerent stages but do not attempt to analyse the cognitions that may promote this transition. Lindemann’s three-stage theory Lindemann (1977) developed the three-stage theory of contraception use, which suggests that the likelihood of an individual using contraception increases as they progress through the three stages: 1 Natural stage: at this stage intercourse is relatively unplanned, and the individual does not regard themselves as sexual. It suggests that contraception use is more likely to occur at a stage when the individual believes that sexual activity is ‘right for them’. This pr