ster, while the remaining half is distributed among all external loads and losses. Since there are always some external losses besides the load, then the ratio of load power to source dissipation power is always less than unity in a conventional closed-loop circuit containing both load and source. Hence the necessity for utilizing two isolated circuits: one where energy is collected freely from the source, and one where energy is dissipated as work in the load without dissipative work in the source, and energy shuttling between them.
A Simple Open-Loop Overunity Device
Figure 1 shows a very simple but very powerfully amplified
overunity device, using an AC charge blocking semiconductor
(CBS) (such as a Fogal semiconductor). The gist of the circuit
is that an AC source furnishes AC current dq/dt to the CBS,
which uses some of the power to power itself, but then blocks the
dm/dt portion of the dq/dt input current, passing only the
massless displacement current component (dØ/dt) into its
output circuit. The (dØ/dt) output of the CBS is fed
through the primary winding of a transformer, in this case a
step-up transformer. The "current gain" of the CBS will depend
upon (1) the load connected to it, and (2) the ability of the CBS
to continue to block the increasing E-field on its trapped
charges, as more free energy flow (dØ/dt) is drawn through
it by the load. Thus the load and the CBS must be matched within
the operational ability of the CBS, so that the CBS does not fail
In the primary winding of the transformer, the (dØ/dt) displacement current produces a magnetic field H, storing the excess flowing energy in that field. This is a normal magnetic field; all magnetic fields are produced by the (dØ/dt) component of the current anyway. This magnetic field, as it changes, couples to the secondary winding, producing a normal magnetic field H therein by normal means. In the secondary circuit, electrons are not restrained by a CBS. Hence the (dØ/dt) induced in the circuit on the secondary side couples to the unrestrained electrons, producing normal electron current dq/dt, and driving it through the load to power it. Note that energy is conserved across the primary and the secondary; however, dissipative power and work (energy loss rate and energy loss) are not conserved, because a free flow of lossless excess energy in the form of displacement current is flowing from the vacuum through the source antenna, thence to the CBS, through it to the primary of the transformer and into the primary magnetic field, through it to the secondary magnetic field, through it into the (dØ/dt) induced in the secondary circuit and coupled to the electrons, through the resulting dq/dt into the load, where the scattering of photons as heat dissipates the free flowing energy in the displacement current dØ/dt component flowing through the load as a component of dq/dt = (dØ/dt)( dm/dt) = (dØ/dt)(dm/dt).
Free "Power" Amplification
If one places an ammeter in the output from the CBS, between it and the primary winding of the step-up transformer, one will read the (dØ/dt) as normal dq/dt in the ammeter itself. If one calculates the "free power" (i.e., the rate of energy dissipation) that is going into the transformer primary using this as the "current," one will show that energy and "power" are conserved between primary and secondary of the transformer. However, the actual dissipative power going into the primary side is zero or, in real circuits, vanishingly small. Consequently, the device has a very high variable power gain that depends upon the rate of energy draw and dissipation of the load on the secondary side. If one adds more load, one draws more dq/dt current on the secondary side, hence more excess dØ/dt displacement current on the primary side. The overall "power amplification" is limited by the ability of the transformer to handle the power in the secondary and the ability of the CBS to withstand the pressure of the internal charge barrier. This device can be easily "close-looped."
The Negative Resistor: A Close-Looped "CBS and Shuttle" System
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