he Cimarron killed Jeremiah Smith.
18/3/1831, The US Supreme Court ruled that indigenous Amerindian tribes could not sue for their rights in a Federal Court ‘because they weren’t full citizens, and their reservations weren’t foreign nations’.
15/9/1830. The Choctaw Indians ceded their lands east of the Mississippi River.
28/5/1830. The USA passed the Indian Removal Act, giving the Indians perpetual title to western lands. The Indians were wary, aware of valuable mineral deposits beneath these western lands.
20/12/1828. Cherokee Indians ceded their traditional lands in Arkansas territory to the USA and agreed to migrate to lands west of the Mississippi River.
11/3/1824, The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created by US Secretary of War, John C Calhoun.
14/10/1823, Chicksaw Indian tribal chiefs ceded land east of the Mississippi River to the United States Government.
1819, First Seminole War; The US army under Major General Andrew Jackson, having taken Florida from Spain, now set about evicting the local Seminole Indians from the best farmland. The four thousand Seminoles refused to move, and the First Seminole War lasted until 1826.
29/9/1817, Under the Fort Meigs Treaty, 6,000 square miles of land previously belonging to the Ohio Indians was ceded to the US Government. In return the Indians received 144 square miles, the ‘Grand Reserve, on the Upper Sandusky.
9/8/1814. By the Treaty of Fort Jackson the Creek Indians ceded their claims to about half of present day Alabama, and by a further series of treaties in 1830 and 1835 the Indians were transferred further west.
22/7/1814. Five Indian tribes in Ohio made peace with the USA and declared war on the British.
9/11/1813, In the USA, General Andrew Jackson defeated Cree Indians at Taledega in a retaliatory attack following a Cree attack in August 1813 in which 500 White settlers were massacred.
7/11/1811, The Battle of Tippecanoe. The Shawnee Indians were heavily defeated by US General Harrison.
30/9/1809, The Treaty of Fort Wayne was signed by Governor Harrison and Chiefs of the Delaware, Miami and Potawatomi Indian tribes, ceding 5,500 square miles of territory to the Federal Government. Two tribal leaders, Tecumseh and Tensquatawa, refused to sign.
8/3/1782, The Gnadenhutten Massacre in Delaware. 160 volunteers under Colonel David Williamson attacked the Moravian mission town of Gnadenhutten. 90 Christian indigenous American Indian men women and children were slaughtered, and the mission church burnt down. A few survivors managed to flee to Canada.
7/8/1790, Alexander McGillivray, chief of the Muskogian Indians, signed a treaty of peace and friendship with President Washington.
26/11/1789. Thanksgiving was celebrated across America for the first time. In 1621 the indigenous Americans had taught early Plymouth settlers how to tap the maple trees for sap and how to plant the Indian corn. The harvest was very successful and the Pilgrims found they had enough food to see them through the winter. The Pilgrim Governor William Bradford proclaimed a Day of Thanksgiving to be shared by all colonists and invited the Indians to join them for three days. During the American Revolution of the late 1770s, a Day of National Thanksgiving was suggested by the Continental Congress and was celebrated nationwide in 1789. Since then each President has issued a Thanksgiving Day proclamation, usually designating the fourth Thursday in November as the holiday.
20/4/1777, The Cherokee Nation ceded all their land in South Carolina to the US federal government by the De Witts Corner Treaty.
20/4/1769, Pontiac, indigenous American leader, died.
5/11/1768. William Johnson, the Northern Indian Commissioner, signed a treaty with the Iriquois Indians to acquire much of the land between the Tennessee and Ohio rivers for future settlement.
15/2/1764, The city of St Louis, Missouri, was founded as a trading post between Europeans and Indians.
7/5/1763. Four Indian tribes united to lay siege to the British stronghold of Fort Detroit. However the British had forewarning of the plan by the Delaware, Chippawa, 