his, v. 128, contains
a similar but, shorter tradition in the form of a command: Drive
out the infidels from the Arabian Peninsula.
15) Cf. Ibn Asakir, At-Ta'rikh al-KAbir (Damascus, 1329),
i. 149-50 on the supposed agreement with Damascus. For another text,
16) Arnold, The Preaching of Islam, p.59
17) Memoire sur la conquete de la Syrie, pp. 143 f.
18) Annali, iii. 957-9
19) Muir, The Caliphate, p.139, has also arrived at
the same conclusion.
20) Surah, ix.27
21) A. S. Tritton, Islam and the Protected Religions (Journal
of the Royal Asiatic Society, pt. iii (1928), 285-508), asserts,
without giving any indication of dates, that the usage of jizyah
and kharaj is not primitive. The original text of this essay
was written before the publication of A.S. Tritton's The Caliphs
and their Non-Muslim Subjects. Although this work contains much
useful material, its usefulness is somewhat diminished by a peculiar
manner of presentation in which little or no respect fo rhistorical
sequence is observed.
22) Cf. the Greek choregia and the Aramaic keragga. See the
Encyclopaedia of Islam, i, pt. 2, pp. 902-3, article Kharadji by
The W. Juynboll.
23) Baladhuri, p. 131, however, makes a clear distinction
between the two taxes as paid by non-Muslims.
24) As mentioned above Banu Taghlib did fight in the cause
of Islam and they were exempted from the payment of jizyah.
25) Futuh, p. 159, cf.p.252.
26) See the cases cited by Arnold, The Preaching of Islam,
27) Cf. TAbari, i. 2050. Cf. 2055.
28) Cf. Goldziher, Vorlesungen uber den Islam, p.25.
29) Arnold, The Preaching of Islam, pp. 51-52; cf. p.420:
'On the whole, unbelievers have enjoyed under Muhammadan rule a
measure of toleration, the like of which is not to be found in Europe
until quite modern times.
The Islamic Quarterly, London
January - April 1961