 this day. Parke-Davis filed a lawsuit against H.K. Mulford alleging infringement of its Adrenalin patents. The ruling in favor of Parke-Davis by judge Learned Hand is considered crucial to modern patent law.
Like Bayer with heroin; before the criminalization of cocaine, the drug was sold by Parke-Davis in various forms, including cigarettes, powder, and even a cocaine mixture that could be injected directly into the user’s veins with the included needle. The company promised that its cocaine products would "supply the place of food, make the coward brave, the silent eloquent and ... render the sufferer insensitive to pain." In October 1915, Aleister Crowley, author of Diary of a Drug Fiend and The Confessions of Aleister Crowley, stopped by Parke-Davis in Detroit, where, according to Crowley, the cooperation was complete. "[They] were kind enough to interest themselves in my researches in Anhalonium lewinii (peyote) and made me some special preparations on the lines indicated by my experience which proved greatly superior to previous preparations." Parke-Davis also was the original manufacturer and patent holder of phencyclidine (PCP) which is currently listed as a Schedule II drug in the United States. They also developed Ketalar (ketamine hydrochloride), a general anesthetic and dissociative drug, in 1962.
In partnership with the Japanese firm Daiichi Sankyo Co. and the British firm Glaxo Wellcome, Parke-Davis developed and marketed the anti-diabetic drug Rezulin (troglitazone) in the late 1990s. The drug was withdrawn in 2000 because of liver toxicity.
Lipitor (atorvastatin), which was developed by Parke-Davis, was the best selling drug in the world for nearly a decade, It is a member of the drug class known as statins, used for lowering blood cholesterol.
The first bacterial vaccine was developed by Parke-Davis, and the company was thus known as a pioneer in the field of Vaccinology. It was also among the five firms contracted to manufacture the original Salk killed-virus vaccine. A combination of the DPT and polio vaccines, called Quadrigen, was developed in 1954 and approved in 1959. Quadrigen was later removed from the market in 1968 after a series of lawsuits pertaining to adverse effects in vaccinated children. Parke-Davis also produced the broad-spectrum antibiotic chloramphenicol, which was a blockbuster product before discovery of its association with aplastic anemia.
In the case of Franklin v. Parke-Davis (2002) the company was accused of illegal marketing practices, including the promotion of off-label uses of its anticonvulsant medication Neurontin. The drug had only been approved for use in patients with epilepsy, but in 2001 over 80% of its $1.8 billion in sales were for indications unapproved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. In 2004, Pfizer "admitted that Parke-Davis aggressively marketed Neurontin by illicit means for unrelated conditions including bipolar disorder, pain, migraine headaches, and drug and alcohol withdrawal", and consented to $430 million in penalties although it claimed the violations originated in 1996, well before Pfizer's acquisition of Warner-Lambert.
As announced on January 22, 2007, Pfizer closed its research facilities in Ann Arbor, MI.
- Exploring Our History: 2000 - Pfizer acquires Warner-Lambert. from Pfizer corporate website. Accessed May 19, 2006.
- Bennett, Joan and Yamomoto, Yutaka. Dr. Jokichi Takamine: Japanese father of American Biotechnology. Deerland Enzymes.
- Kevin Brown (December 2005). Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution. The History Press. ISBN 978-0750931533.
- Sutin, Lawrence (2000). Do What Thou Wilt: a life of Aleister Crowley. Macmillan. p. 253. ISBN 978-0312252434.
- A Flaw in the System. remarkablemedicine.com Accessed May 16, 2006.
- Bayly, M. Beddow. The Story of the Salk Anti-Poliomyelitis Vaccine. 1956.
- Suit: Neurontin Marketed Illegally for Bipolar Disorder. About.com. May 16, 2004.
- Huge penalty in drug fraud Pfizer settles felony case in Neurontin off-label promotion. San Francisco Chronicle. Friday