ld the fact that humans have obviously deformed pseudotails near the same location as "true tails" provide a hint about what causes the formation of "true tails"? Is the distinction between a "true" and "pseudo" tail medically sound?
To help us begin to answer these questions, in my next post I will assess Giberson's claim that tails result from the simple turning on of vestigial genes.
[1.] Roberto Spiegelmann, Edgardo Schinder, Mordejai Mintz, and Alexander Blakstein, "The human tail: a benign stigma," Journal of Neurosurgery, 63: 461-462 (1985).
[2.] Roberto Spiegelmann, Edgardo Schinder, Mordejai Mintz, and Alexander Blakstein, "The human tail: a benign stigma," Journal of Neurosurgery, 63: 461-462 (1985).
[3.] Surasak Puvabanditsin, Eugene Garrow, Sharada Gowda, Meera Joshi-Kale, and Rajeev Mehta, "A Gelatinous Human Tail With Lipomyelocele: Case Report," Journal of Child Neurology, 28(1) 124-127 (2013) (emphases added). See also Biswanath Mukhopadhyay, Ram M. Shukla, Madhumita Mukhopadhyay, Kartik C. Mandal, Pankaj Haldar, and Abhijit Benare, "Spectrum of human tails: A report of six cases," Journal of the Indian Association of Pediatric Surgery, 17(1): 23-25 (Jan-Mar, 2012).
[4.] Allan Joel Belzberg, Stanley Terence Myles, and Cynthia Lucy Trevenen, "The Human Tail and Spinal Dysraphism," Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 26: 1243-1245 (October, 1991) (emphasis added).
[5.] S.P.S. Chauhan, N.N. Gopal, Mohit Jain, and Anurag Gupta, "Human tail with spina bifida," British Journal of Neurosurgery, 23(6): 634-635 (December 2009) (emphasis added).
[6.] Fred Ledley, "Evolution and the Human Tail," The New England Journal of Medicine, 306 (20): 1212-1215 (May 20, 1982) (emphases added).
[7.] Anh H. Dao, Martin G. Netsky, "Human Tails and Pseudotails," Human Pathology, 15(5): 449-453 [May 1984) (emphasis added).
[8.] Surasak Puvabanditsin, Eugene Garrow, Sharada Gowda, Meera Joshi-Kale, and Rajeev Mehta, "A Gelatinous Human Tail With Lipomyelocele: Case Report," Journal of Child Neurology, 28(1) 124-127 (2013).
[9.] Se-Hyuck Park, Jee Soon Huh, Ki Hong Cho, Yong Sam Shin, Se Hyck Kim, Young Hwan Ahn, Kyung Gi Cho, Soo Han Yoon, "Teratoma in Human Tail Lipoma," Pediatric Neurosurgery, 41:158-161 (2005).
[10.] Frank L. Lu, Pen-Jung Wang, Ru-Jeng Teng, and Kuo-Inn Tsou Yau, "The Human Tail," Pediatric Neurology, 19 No. 3 (1998).
[11.] Terry J. Dubrow, Phillip Ashley Wackym, Malcolm A. Lesavoy, "Detailing the Human Tail," Annals of Plastic Surgery, 20: 340-344 (April, 1988).
[12.] Allan Joel Belzberg, Stanley Terence Myles, and Cynthia Lucy Trevenen, "The Human Tail and Spinal Dysraphism," Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 26: 1243-1245 (October, 1991).