the LM astronauts' EVA suits.
16-millimeter Maurer Data Acquisition Camera. Apollo 12 carried two Maurer data acquisition cameras (DAC), one in the command module and one in the lunar module. The cameras were used primarily to record engineering data and for continuous-sequence terrain photography. The CM camera had lenses of 50-, 10-, 18-, and 75-millimeter focal lengths; the LM camera was fitted with a 10-millimeter wide-angle lens. Accessories included a right-angled mirror, a power cable, a sextant adapter, a right-angled adapter, and a CM boresight window bracket.
The Maurer cameras weighed 2.8 pounds each, with a 130-foot film magazine attached. They had frame rates of 1, 6, and 12 fps automatic and 24 fps semiautomatic at all lens focal lengths, and shutter speeds of 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, and 1/1000 second, also at all lens focal lengths.
35-mm Lunar Surface Close-up Stereoscopic Camera. This camera, which was carried on the lunar module's Modular Equipment Storage Assembly (MESA), was designed for the highest possible resolution for a stereo pair area with a flash illumination and fixed distance. Photography was accomplished by holding the camera on a walking stick against the object to be photographed. The camera was powered by four nickel-cadmium batteries that operated the motor drive mechanism and an electronic flash strobe light.
Four-Camera, Lunar Multispectral S-158 Experiment. The lunar multispectral camera (LMC) experiment used four Hasselblad EL cameras. The objectives of the experiment were (1) to photograph lunar surface color variations for geologic mapping, (2) to correlate photographs with spectral reflectance of returned samples for compositon determination, (3) to photograph potential lunar landing sties, and (4) to make comparative studies of lunar reflectance variation and wavelengths. (A similar experiment was flown as the SO-65 Earth multispectral photography experiment on Apollo 9.)
The four cameras used had the same parameters, settings, and ranges as the Hasselblad EL camera with the 80-millimeter lens. The cameras were mounted in a ring bracket perpendicular to the command module hatch window ±5° from nadir, 57.5° pitched up from the X axis. The shutters were automatically tripped by an intervalometer at 20-second intervals to obtain vertical strip photography.
An important photographic objective was to obtain, from lunar orbit, photographs of future landing sites. Orbital photographs did aid in the planning of pinpoint landings in lunar terrain more rugged and of even greater scientific interest than the mare-type terrain at the Apollo 11 and 12 landing sites. Extensive landmark tracking and photography were performed in lunar orbit. The lunar orbit photogrpahy was conducted using a 500-millimeter long-range lens to obtain mapping and training data for future missions.
Lunar Surface Photography
Following touchdown, photographs of the immediate vicinity of the Lunar Module were taken through the LM windows. Shortly after both astronauts egressed the LM, the television camera was inadvertently pointed directly at the Sun, and television coverage of the mission was lost. Thus, the photographs taken by the crew are the only visual record of their (1) surface activities, (2) sample documentation, and (3) stereoscopic surface photography. Both crewmen took hundreds of photographs while on the surface.
Surface Activities. The lunar terrain over which the lunar module traveled during descent was documented by the 16-mm sequence camera. The 70-mm film exposed on the surface, when not affected by sun glint on the lens or surface washout by sunlight, was generally of good quality.
Crew activities and lunar surface features near the lunar module, the experiment package, and those observed during the two extravehicular excursions were well documented by still-camera short sequences and by a number of panoramic views.
Sample Documentation. In addition to collecting samples, one of the main scientific tasks to be accomplished during the extravehicular activities was photographing rocks, the lunar 