local needs. The headmaster always develops and implements curriculum and he supports guides the teachers of each subject in implementing the curriculum.
Teacher as implement: The teacher is the person who implements the curriculum.
Teacher as developer: The teacher develops the syllabus/curriculum in the classroom.
Teacher as designer: The teacher design the syllabus before teaching-learning process.
Teacher as translator: The teacher translates/practices the curriculum in the classroom.
Teacher as evaluator: The teacher evaluates the curriculum implementation.
By doing this the teacher can know the advantages and constraints of the curriculum implemented.
3. Students Parents
They, who have time and adequate knowledge and experience, have role in curriculum design, especially those who belong School Committee and they also have role in curriculum implementation , e.g. giving feedback when receiving the study progress of their children, input in helping their children do the homework.
Factors Influencing Curriculum Development
According to Sukmadinata (1999: 158-160)there are three factors:
- University as the development center of science and technology and the development of teacher training education (LPTK).
- Society has dynamic demands and needs.
- Value System; moral, religious, social, cultural, and politic that exist in society should be integrated in the curriculum developed.
Approach to Curriculum Development
According to Dakir (2004:90-92), there are three approaches in curriculum development:
- Materials-based Approach
- Goal-based Approach
- Competency-based Approach
Model of Curriculum Renewal (Sukmadinata, 1999: 161-171)
The Administrative Model = The Line Staff Model = The Top-down Model
The Grass Roots Model = The Bottom-up Model
The Demonstration Model
Taba’s Inverted Model = The Traditional Model
Roger’s Interpersonal Relation Model – from society
The Systemic Action-research Model –based on social change.
Emerging Technical Model: This model is caused by the development of science and technology. This model is divided into three models:
The Behavioral Research Model
- The System Analysis Model
- The Computer-based Model