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From the end of World War II until 1989 a silent war raged between the great countries of the United States and the Soviet Union When the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on Japan it not only ended the second World War but began the Cold War Gaddis 23 In 1946 the Russians in the United Nations proposed a ban of all atomic weapons the destruction of all stockpiles and the reduction of all armed forces to one-third Harry Truman and his administration flatly rejected this saying that it was simply insincere propaganda Gaddis 94 Congress even went so far as to assume that the Soviet Union would never be able to produce an atomic bomb Kirk 29 Henry Wallace then the Secretary of Commerce warned Truman not to act tough against the Soviet Union Beschloss 35 However on February 28 1946 Secretary of State James Byrnes hinted in a speech to Congress about the beginning of a new harder policy towards the Soviet Union Gaddis 71 Truman even supported Winston Churchill who had just been voted out of office by the British Labor Party for making his famous iron curtain speech where he accused Stalin of enslaving the countries of Eastern Europe behind an iron curtain of communism Gaddis 77 This chain of events led to the eventual rise of the Cold War On October 4 1957 the Soviet Union successfully launched the satellite Sputnik into orbit This seemed to have the potential for a major shift in the strategic balance of power between the two superpowers Gaddis 153 In 1955 the Soviet Union actually tested the first hydrogen bomb successfully Kirk 32 Sometime after World War II Stalin decided not to try to catch up to the United States in building massive amounts of bombers but would try to develop long-range missiles that could carry nuclear weapons This program was only partially successful since major problems in guidance and extremely high
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