ocess involves the following four stages: 1 Falling in love: this provides a rationale for sex. Decision-making models Decision-making models examine the psychological factors that predict and are the precursors to contraception use. There are several diﬀerent decision-making models and they vary in their emphasis on individual cognitions (e. Rosenstock 1966; Becker and Rosenstock 1987) and is described in detail in Chapter 2. They added the following variables: s self-esteem; s interpersonal skills; s knowledge about sex and contraception; s attitudes to sex and contraception; s previous sexual, contraceptive and pregnancy experiences; s peer norms; s relationship status; and s substance use prior to sex. Therefore, although this model still examines cognitions, it includes measures of the individuals’ cognitions about their social world. The theory of reasoned action This theory was developed by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) and is described in detail in Chapter 2. It therefore represents an attempt to add the social context to individual cognitive variables and consequently addresses the problem of interaction. In addition, research by Werner and Middlestadt (1979) reported correlations between attitudes to contraception and subjective norms and actual use of oral contraception. Sexual arousal refers to how aroused an individual is at the time of making a decision about contraception. Herold and McNamee’s (1982) model This model is made up of the following variables: (1) parental and peer group norms for acceptance of premarital intercourse; (2) number of lifetime sexual partners; (3) guilt about intercourse and attitudes to contraception; (4) involvement with current partner; (5) partner’s inﬂuence to use contraception; and (6) frequency of intercourse.
Psychiatric Home Nursing Care ● 355 Possible Etiologies (“related to”) Alterations in mental status Inability to engage in satisfying personal relationships Unaccepted social values Unaccepted social behavior Inadequate personal resources Immature interests Alterations in physical appearance Altered state of wellness Deﬁning Characteristics (“evidenced by”) Expresses feelings of aloneness imposed by others Expresses feelings of rejection Developmentally inappropriate interests Inability to meet expectations of others Insecurity in public Absence of supportive signiﬁcant other(s) Projects hostility Withdrawn; uncommunicative Seeks to be alone Preoccupation with own thoughts Sad discount imuran 50mg visa spasms right side of body, dull affect Goals/Objectives Short-term Goal Client will verbalize willingness to be involved with others generic 50mg imuran muscle relaxant reversals. Long-term Goal Client will participate in interactions with others at level of abil- ity or desire. Be with the client to offer support during activities that may be frightening or difﬁcult for him or her. Most individuals keep the same style of relationship development that they had in the past. Help the client identify present relationships that are satisfying and activities that he or she considers interesting. Only the cli- ent knows what he or she truly likes, and these personal pref- erences will facilitate success in reversing social isolation. Risk Factors Caregiver not developmentally ready for caregiver role Inadequate physical environment for providing care Unpredictable illness course or instability in the care receiver’s health Psychological or cognitive problems in care receiver Presence of abuse or violence Past history of poor relationship between caregiver and care receiver Marginal caregiver’s coping patterns Lack of respite and recreation for caregiver Addiction or codependency Caregiver’s competing role commitments Illness severity of the care receiver Duration of caregiving required Family/caregiver isolation Goals/Objectives Short-term Goal Caregivers will verbalize understanding of ways to facilitate the caregiver role. Long-term Goal Caregivers will demonstrate effective problem-solving skills and develop adaptive coping mechanisms to regain equilibrium. Ensure that caregiv