ng the provided 1:10000 searcher map, determine the following distances in meters: A) The distance between the ESGSAR BUS and the SCHOOL. B) The distance between the SCHOOL and the CAMP. C) The distance between the CAMP and the ESGSAR BUS. D) The distance between Waypoint #4 and the SCHOOL.
12 MEASURING DISTANCE EXERCISE ANSWERS A) BUS and the SCHOOL: 410 m B) SCHOOL and the CAMP: 1200 m or 1.2 km C) CAMP and the BUS: 1130 m or 1.1 km D) Waypoint #4 and the SCHOOL: 710 m
13 GRID REFERENCE SYSTEMS Topographic Maps have two types of grid reference systems: Geographic (Latitude and Longitude) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) SAR in Nova Scotia uses UTM
14 Latitude and Longitude are NOT generally used by GSAR teams.
15 GRID REFERENCE SYSTEMS Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) The UTM grid is a ground based system. The grid consists of a system lines forming squares over the entire map. The area of a square depends on the map s scale.
16 GRID REFERENCE SYSTEMS (UTM cont d) The entire UTM grid system is comprised of 100 x 100 kilometre blocks. The grid lines are numbered and printed along the borders of the map and at intervals on the map area. Using the UTM system, any point can be designated to an increment of 1 metre. The UTM system is commonly called the Military Grid Reference System.
18 GRID REFERENCE SYSTEMS (UTM cont d) A grid map reference is given by a zone and pair of numbers (an Easting and a Northing). The zone for mainland Nova Scotia is 20 and does not have to be given. A UTM map reference looks like: E N The Northing represents the distance from the Equator in meters.
19 GRID REFERENCE SYSTEMS (UTM cont d) The Easting represents the distance from the centre of the zone arbitrarily set at meters The Easting has 6 digits and the Northing has 7. The Easting is always read first. Using a metric ruler and a 1:10000 map, you can determine the location of an object within 10 meters or better.
20 Center of Zone Line Zone 20
21 500,000E Center of Zone line passing through Jeddore 500,000E
22 MAP CONVENTIONS Eastings run along the top of a map Northings run along the left side of a map
23 MAP CONVENTIONS On our searcher maps, Eastings and Northings on BLUE LINES end with an asterisk (*) The asterisk represents three zeros. For example: 481* =
24 MAP CONVENTIONS Eastings increase left to right Northings increase bottom to top
25 MAP CONVENTIONS The numbers on the red lines show only the last three digits of their actual value For example, the 600 circled below represents:
26 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Locate the map feature you want to generate a UTM grid reference for. This example uses a 1:10000 scale map.
27 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Determine the Easting 1. Measure (in mm) the distance from the BLUE LINE to left of feature to the feature itself. 31 mm
28 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Determine the Easting 2. Add a zero to the end of the measured distance of 31 mm: 310
29 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Determine the Easting 4. Locate the value of the BLUE LINE to the immediate left of the feature. 481*
30 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Determine the Easting 5. Replace the * in 481* with the (310) to give the Easting:
31 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Determine Northing 1. Measure (in mm) distance from the BLUE LINE below the feature to the feature itself. 26 mm
32 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Determine Northing 2. Add a zero to the end of the measured distance of 26 mm: 260
33 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Determine Northing 4. Locate the valueof the BLUE LINE below the feature. 4952*
34 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Determine Northing 5. Replace the * in 4952* with the 260 to give the Northing:
35 CALCULATING GRID REFERENCES Putting the Easting and Northing together, you get the UTM grid reference for the School: E N
36 UTM GRID REFERENCE EXERCISE Using the provided 1:10000 Searcher s map, determine the grid references for the following: A) SCHOOL. B) ESGSAR BUS. C) CAMP. D) Waypoint #4.
37 UTM GRID REFERENCE EXERCISE ANSWERS A) SCHOOL: E N B) ESGSR BUS: E N C) CAMP: E N D) Waypoint #4: E N
38 DATUMS Map grids are based on a s