 of ATP molecules generated
– Amphibiotic pathways
– Respiratory quotient of nutrients
– Autotropic nutrition
– Site of photosynthesis
– Photosynthetic pigments (Elementary idea)
– Photosynthetic and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis
– Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation
– Chemismotic hypothesis
– C and C pathways
– Factors affecting photosynthesis
– Law of Limiting Factors
-Plant Growth and Development
– Phases of plant growth and plant growth rate
– Condition for Growth
– Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation
– Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell
– Growth regulators: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA
– Photomorphogenesis including brief account of phytochromes
– Seed germination
– Seed dormancy
UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Digestion and Absorption
– Human alimentary canal and Digestive glands
– Role of digesitive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones
– Digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats
– Calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats
– Nutritional and digestive disorders: P E M, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice
Breathing and Respiration
– Respiratory organs in animals (Recall only)
– Respiratory system in humans
– Mechanism of Breathing and its regulation in humans
– Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration in humans
– Respiratory volumes
– Disorders related to respiration: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory disorders
Body fluids and Circulation
– Composition of blood, Blood groups, Coagulation of blood
– Composition of Lymph and function
– Human circulatory system
– Structure of human heart and blood vessels
– Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output, ECG
– Double circulation
– Regulation of cardiac activity
– Disorders of circulatory system: Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, heart failure
Excretory products and their elimination
– Modes of excretion: Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism
– Human excretory system-structure and function
– Urine formation, Osmoregulaion
– Regulation of kidney function, Renin-angiotensin, Antinatriuretic factor, ADH and Diabeters insipidus
– Role of other organs in excretion
– Disorders: Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis
– Dialysis and artificial kidney
Locomotion and Movement
– Types of movement: ciliary, flagellar, muscular
– Skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction
– Skeletal system and its functions. (to be dealt with the relvent practical of practical syllabus)
– Disorders of muscular and skeletal system: Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis Gout
Neural control and coordination
– Neural and nerves
– Nervous system in humans
– Central Nervous system, Peripheral Nervous system and Visceral Nervous system
– Generation and conduction of nerve impulse
– Reflex action
– Sensory Perception
– Elementary structure and function of eye and ear and general idea of other sense organs
Chemical coordination and regulation
– Endocrine glands and hormones
– Human endocrine system: Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads
– Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea)
– Role of hormones as messengers and regulators
– Hypo- and hyperactivity and related disorders, (Common disorders eg. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goitre, exopthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison’s disease)
IMP: Diseases related to all the human physiology systems to be taught in brief.
From Class XII Syllabus
UNIT 1 REPRODUCTION
Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species. Modes of reproduction- Asexual and sexual.
Asexual reproduction – Uniparental
– Modes: Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation, regeneration.
– Vegetative Propagation in plants.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants – Flower structure.
– Development of male and female gametophytes.
– Pollination-type-agencies and examples.
– Out breeding devices.
– Pollen-Pistil interaction.
– Double fertilization
– Post fertilizatio