for the washing of the body, and that tobacco is an herb for bruises and sick cattle; that herbs and fruits are for the food of man; that grain is for the food of man and beasts and fowls; and that flesh is not to be eaten by man excepting in times of winter, cold, and famine. This “Word of Wisdom,” however, is not regarded precisely as a commandment, but as a revelation to show forth the will of God, and “suited to the condition of all saints, young and old, male and female, without distinction.” Infant baptism is condemned, but the children of the saints are considered old enough at eight years to be baptized. Baptism for the dead is practised, a living person being publicly baptized as the representative of one or more deceased persons. Washington, Franklin, and other famous men have thus been vicariously baptized into the church. There have been many dispensations of religious truth, beginning with Adam and ending with the greatest of all, that through Joseph Smith, which is to culminate in the building of the New Jerusalem in Jackson county, Mo., and the gathering together of all the saints on the continent of America. A portion of the Mormons reject polygamy, and do not approve of the political schemes of Brigham Young and the leaders of the church in Utah. Joseph Smith, the son of the prophet, is regarded by them as the true living head of the church, and under his direction they have established themselves at Nauvoo. Their number is inconsiderable. Another branch of the church has recently established itself at Independence, Mo., the supposed site of the “New Jerusalem.” (For the political and social condition of the Mormons in Utah, see Utah.) See “The Mormons,” by Charles Mackay (London, 1851); “The Mormons or Latter Day Saints in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake,” by Lieut. J. W. Gunnison (Philadelphia, 1852); “The Book of Doctrines and Covenants selected from the Revelations of God by Joseph Smith” (Liverpool, 1854); “Utah and the Mormons,” by Benjamin G. Ferris (New York, 1856); “A Compendium of the Faith and Doctrines of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,” by Franklin D. Richards, one of the twelve apostles (Liverpool, 1857); “Mormonism, its Leaders and Designs,” by John Hyde, jr., formerly a Mormon elder (New York, 1857); and “The Rocky Mountain Saints,” by T. B. H. Stenhouse (New York, 1873).