dernize MIRVs.|
|1980||7||23:53||-2||Unforeseeable end to deadlock in American–Soviet talks as Soviet war in Afghanistan proceeds. As a result of the war, the U.S. Senate refuses to ratify SALT II agreement between both nations and President Jimmy Carter pulls the United States from the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow and considers ways in which the United States could win a nuclear war.|
|1981||4||23:56||-3||The clock is adjusted in early 1981. Soviet war in Afghanistan toughens the U.S. nuclear posture. Ronald Reagan becomes president, scraps further arms reduction talks with the Soviet Union and argues that the only way to end the Cold War is to win it. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union contributes to the danger of the nuclear annihilation.|
|1984||3||23:57||-1||Further escalation of the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. The clock is adjusted in December 1983 since the ongoing Afghanistan war heats the Cold war. U.S. Pershing II medium-range ballistic missile and cruise missiles are deployed in Western Europe. Ronald Reagan pushes to win the Cold War by intensifying the arms race between the superpowers.|
|1988||6||23:54||+3||In December 1987 the Clock is moved back as the United States and the Soviet Union sign treaty to eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles, and their relations improve.|
|1990||10||23:50||+4||Fall of the Berlin Wall, dissolution of Iron Curtain, Cold War nearing an end.|
|1991||17||23:43||+7||United States and Soviet Union sign the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the Soviet Union dissolves. (This is the furthest from midnight the clock has been since its inception.)|
|1995||14||23:46||-3||Global military spending continues at Cold War levels; concerns about post-Soviet nuclear proliferation of weapons and brainpower.|
|1998||9||23:51||-5||Both India (Pokhran-II) and Pakistan (Chagai-I) test nuclear weapons in a tit-for-tat show of aggression; the United States and Russia run into difficulties in further reducing stockpiles.|
|2002||7||23:53||-2||Little progress on global nuclear disarmament; United States rejects a series of arms control treaties and announces its intentions to withdraw from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty; concerns about the possibility of a nuclear terrorist attack due to the amount of weapon-grade nuclear materials that are unsecured and unaccounted for worldwide.|
|2007||5||23:55||-2||North Korea tests a nuclear weapon in October 2006, Iran's nuclear ambitions, a renewed American emphasis on the military utility of nuclear weapons, the failure to adequately secure nuclear materials, and the continued presence of some 26,000 nuclear weapons in the United States and Russia. After assessing the dangers posed to civilization, climate change was added to the prospect of nuclear annihilation as the greatest threats to humankind.|
|2010||6||23:54||+1||Worldwide cooperation to reduce nuclear arsenals and limit effect of climate change. New START agreement is ratified by both the United States and Russia and more negotiations for further reductions in the American and Russian nuclear arsenal are already planned. 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark results in the developing and industrialized countries agreeing to take responsibility for carbon emissions and to limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius.|
|2012||5||23:55||-1||Lack of global political action to address global climate change, nuclear weapons stockpiles, the potential for regional nuclear conflict, and nuclear power safety.|
|2015||3||23:57||-2||Continued lack of global political action to address global climate change, the modernization of nuclear weapons in the United States and Russia, and the problem of nuclear waste.|
- Science and Security Board Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
- Doomsday Clock moving closer to midnight? The Spokesman-Review, October 16, 2006.
- Stover, Dawn. "How Many Hiroshimas Does it Take to Describe Climate Change?". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
- "'Doomsday Cl