Press brake is a kind of widely used bending machine, which has already achieved hydraulic efficiency.
Press brake, as important equipment for sheet metal processing, plays an irreplaceable role. It plays a decisive role in product quality, processing efficiency and precision.
Usually, the press brake is the upper piston type press machine, which is composed of the frame, sliding block, hydraulic system, front-loading rack, back gauge, mold, electrical system etc, as shown in figure 1.
- Left upright
- Left oil cylinder
- Oil tank
- Right hydraulic cylinder
Vertical downward pressure is formed by two parallel working hydraulic cylinders to drive the die on the bending beam to complete bending process.
The hydraulic control system, as the brain of the press brake, mainly controls the synchronous operation of the bending process and the positioning of the hydraulic cylinder when the press brake machine is fully loaded.
In this post, we will analyze how does the press brake hydraulic system work?
For each bending motion, the typical bending process of the upper bending beam includes:
(1) Oil pump starting
The motor will rotate in the direction indicated by the pump arrow, that is, clockwise direction, driving the axial piston pump. The oil is discharged through the pipeline into the valve plate and the electromagnetic overflow valve to return to the tank. When valve NO. 19 is closed, the oil in the lower cavity of the NO.20 cylinder is kept in a fixed position.
(2) Downward movement
The fast descending motion of the press brake is produced by the bending beam and the self-weight of the accessories and the pressure of the oil.
In the process, the hydraulic cylinder has no rod cavity through the filling valve, and the rod cavity will produce back pressure and the oil liquid will return quickly.
The fast forward movement starts from the top dead center.
After a brief period of deceleration, the slider slows down at a certain distance from the bending plate.
When the No.9 YV1, No.24 YV6, No.13 YV4, and No.17 YV5 electromagnet are working, the sliding block drops rapidly. The descending speed is adjusted by valve No.18.
The oil in the lower chamber of the No.20 cylinder enters the tank through the 19th, 18th and 17th.
The upper chamber oil of oil cylinder No.20 is injected through valve 21.
When the slider falls to the limit switch, No.9 YV1, No.8 YV2, No.11 YV3, No.13 YV4, and No.24 YV6 electromagnet work, and the ram turn into working speed.
When the slider is out of sync, the valve No.15 is automatically corrected.
Sliding block drop position is restricted by mechanical block in the cylinder.
The bending phase begins with the pressure buildup of the non-bar cavity.
The bending speed is limited by the quantity of oil supplied by the oil pump. On the other hand, it can be adjusted by the direction valve of the proportional valve.
At the same time, the direction valve also controls the synchronous operation of the bending beam and the positioning of the lower dead center.
The bending force is limited by the proportional relief valve to limit the pressure of the pump.
The corresponding values of speed, synchronization, positioning and pressure are all from the CNC.
The pedal switch or button control the electromagnet working time, which includes No.9 YV1, No.8 YV2, No.11 YV3, No.13 YV4 and No.24 YV6, which realize the joggle distance when the sliding block drop.
The speed of slide drop is adjusted by valve 16.
The slider is controlled up by No.11 YV3 and No.24 YV6.
The length of working time of the same electromagnet can realize the moving distance of the slider.
(4) Pressure relief
The stress relief of the no-bar cavity begins when it reaches the bottom of the dead center, or after a short period of holding time. In this way, the material has sufficient time to form and further improve the dimension precision of the parts.
The pressure holding and pressure relief are performed by the proportional directional valve according to the numerical control device.
In order to improve the processing efficiency, the reduction time should 