 In fact, analysis of liquidity needs the preparation of cash budgets and cash and fund flow statements; but liquidity ratios, by establishing a relationship between cash and other current asset to current obligations provide a quick measure of liquidity.
A firm should ensure that it does not suffer From lack or liquidity, and it does not have excess liquidity .the failure of the company to meet its obligations due to its lack of liquidity, will result in a poor creditworthiness, loss of creditor’s confidence, or even in legal tangles resulting in the closure of the company a very high degree of liquidity is also bad idle assets earn nothing. The firms fund will be unnecessarily tied up in current assets. Therefore it is necessary to strike a proper balance between high liquidity and lack of liquidity.
ACTIVITY RATIO OR TURNOVER RATIO:
Activity Ratio highlights the activity and the operational efficiency of the business concern . The better managements of asserts the larger the amount of sales. Activity ratio measures the relationship between the sales and the assets. Turnover ratios are employed to evaluate the efficiency with which the firm manages and utilize s its assets. Their ratio indicates the speed with which assets are brought converted as turn over into sales.
Profitability reflects the final result of the business operations. Profit earning is considered essential for the survival of the business. There are two types of profitability ratios profit margin ratio and the rate of return ratios. Profit margin ratio shows the relationship between profit and sales.
Popular profit margin ratios are gross profit margin and net profit margin ratio. Rate of return ratio reflects between profit and investment. The important rates of return measures are rate of return on total assets and rate in equity.
Earnings are income to the shareholders of the share invested by them. Hence the earning ratio will be useful to the investors to the value of the shares that is been holding by them
COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET:
The comparative balance sheet is helpful in analysing and evaluating the financial position of the firm over a period of years. The comparative balance sheet analyse is the study of the trend of the same items, group of items, and computed items in two or more balance sheet of the same business enterprise on different dates.
The changes in periodic balance sheet items reflect the conduct of a business. The changes can be observed by comparison of the balance sheet at the beginning and at the end of the period and these changes can help in forming an opinion about the progress of an enterprise
COMMON SIZE BALANCE SHEET:
Financial statements when read in absolute figure are not easily understandable. They are even miss leading. Each items of asset is converted in to percentage to total asset and each item of capital and liabilities is expressed to total liability and capital fund. Thus the whole balance sheet is converted in to percentage form i.e., every individual item stated as a percentage of total 100.such converted balance sheet is known as common size balance sheet. The percentage so calculated can be easily compared with the corresponding percentages in some other period.
The ‘trend’ signifies a tendency and as such the review and appraisal of tendency in accounting variables are nothing but the trend analysis. Trend analysis is carried out by calculating trend ratio. Trend analysis is significant for forecasting and budgeting. Trend analysis discloses the change in financial and the operating data between specific periods.