 with the magnificence of God
~they gained control of the Holy Land
~over the next 300 years, a number of such Crusades were launched
~the crusades had economic, social, and political goals as well as religious motives
~kings and the Church both saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought each other
~to a Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader
~the Crusaders' states were extremely vulnerable to Muslim counterattack
~in 1144, Edessa was reconquered by the Turks
~The Second Crusade was organized to recapture the city
~But its armies straggled home in defeat; in 1187, Europeans were shocked to learn that Jerusalem itself had fallen to a Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader
Richard the Lion-Hearted
~The Third Crusade to recapture Jerusalem was led by three of Europe's most powerful monarchs.
~Philip II of France, German emperor Frederick I, and Richard
~he was an English king
~he was left to lead the Crusaders in an attempt to regain the Holy Land from Saladin
~he was a brilliant warrior
~took place in 1212
~in two different movements, thousands of children set out to conquer Jerusalem
~one group in France was led by 12-year-old Stephen of Cloyes
~an estimated 30,000 children under 18 joined him
~in Germany, Nicholas of Cologne gathered about 20,000 children and young adults
the style between 800 and 1100; had round arches and a heavy foot held up by thick walls and pillars
Why would the Catholic Church be alarmed at frustrated with so many priests marrying?
Because it was against Church rulings
What was the difference between a friar and a monk?
Like monks, friars took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience; unlike monks, friars did not live apart from the world in monasteries; friars owned nothing and lived by begging
Explain the social, economic, political and religious goals of the Crusades.
in the later Crusades, merchants profited by making cash loans to finance the journey; according to the pop, those who died on Crusade were assured of a place in heaven
Where in Europe were the Crusaders from?
France, Bohemians, Germans, Englishmen, Scots, Italians, and Spaniards
What was the effect of the Crusades on European merchants?
Expanded trade between Europe and Southwest Asia