ost acidic soda tested (pH of 2.525).
Battery acid has a pH of 1.0. Pure water at room temperature has a pH of 7.0.
The results show that a soda's acidity is not the whole story when it comes to tooth erosion. The type of acid in the soda, level of soda and calcium content are also factors. Citric acid is the most erosive acid found in soft drinks and is the predominant acid in non-cola drinks.
"The bottom line is that the acidity in all soft drinks is enough to damage your teeth and should be avoided," Ross said in a prepared statement.
Root beer's advantage
Root beer was found to be the least acidic of all soft drinks, with a pH 4.038 for the Mug brand, Jain and her colleagues found. The reason for the reduced acidity is that root beer is often non-carbonated and contains no phosphoric or citric acids.
A 2006 study reported that orange juice and sports drinks also reduce the surface hardness of tooth enamel, but a cola reduced more—the dentin, surface enamel and two additional dental components. (Dental erosion refers to the action of acid on the entire tooth surface. Cavities and tooth decay tend to hit targeted areas, such as pits, grooves and spots where teeth are adjacent).
In the past 40 years, many Americans have swapped nutrient-dense milk for sodas and other beverages that are mostly bereft of nutrients. In 1966, Americans drank, on average, 20 gallons of soft drinks and 33 gallons of milk. In 2003, Americans drank an average of 46 gallons of soft drinks and 22 gallons of milk. Milk contains minerals, proteins, vitamins and, most importantly, calcium.
No one swishes soda in their mouth for two full days, as was the case with the study, but the corrosive effect of soda starts nearly immediately, Jain's research points out, and increases with time.
Richard Adamson, a scientific consultant to the American Beverage Association, called the study "unrealistic," pointing out, among other things, that toothbrushing was not factored in.
"The most protective factor you have in your mouth is saliva, which has both a diluting and a buffering effect," Adamson told LiveScience. "Of course, you're not going to mirror reality (with the new study)."
"There are many foods which are as important as soft drinks in oral health and dental hygiene," Adamson said. "Fruit and fruit juices and cider and food such as pickles and salad dressing and wine—those are just as important in regards to general erosion as soft drinks. There is no single food or beverage that is responsible for dental erosion. There are numerous factors. The thing is to enjoy everything in moderation."
Ross recommends that consumers drink soda through a straw, if at all, as that reduces the teeth's exposure to the beverage. One way to reduce soda intake, he suggested, is to drink it only with meals.