d and water availability, energy production and our economic systems. The CO2 profile as a greenhouse gas (GHG) is shown below with other GHG’s and their warming potential, atmospheric lifetime, molecular weight and radiative forcing. Note that a full GHG budget would include measurements for all of the gases listed, however, rarely are such full budgets measured in practice. PαC intends to increase the number of GHG’s directly measured by the System of Systems network resulting in a multi-gas GHG emissions measurement and reduction approach.
Campbell, J. E., J. A. Berry, U. Seibt, Steven J. Smith, S. A. Montzka, T. Launois, S. Belviso, L. Bopp, and M. Laine. “Large historical growth in global terrestrial gross primary production.” Nature 544, no. 7648 (2017): 84-87.
Lovenduski, Nicole S., and Gordon B. Bonan. “Reducing uncertainty in projections of terrestrial carbon uptake.” Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 4 (2017): 044020.
Ussiri, David AN, and Rattan Lal. “Introduction to Global Carbon Cycling: An Overview of the Global Carbon Cycle.” In Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, pp. 61-76. Springer International Publishing, 2017.
When conservation of forests are tied to protection of endangered species forest destruction is limited. As a consequence, efflux of CO2 to the atmosphere from deforestation and soil disturbances are retained. The same avoidance mechanism is provided by species conservation as for Indigenous Peoples. The sealed Biosphere Box signifies the retention of ecosystem carbon by conserving and protecting areas for Gorilla habitat.
Imani, Gérard, Faustin Boyemba, Simon Lewis, Nsharwasi Léon Nabahungu, Kim Calders, Louis Zapfack, Bernard Riera, Clarisse Balegamire, and Aida Cuni-Sanchez. “Height-diameter allometry and above ground biomass in tropical montane forests: Insights from the Albertine Rift in Africa.” PloS one12, no. 6 (2017): e0179653.
Sheil, Douglas, Brenton Ladd, Lucas CR Silva, Shawn W. Laffan, and Miriam Van Heist. “How are soil carbon and tropical biodiversity related?.” Environmental Conservation 43, no. 3 (2016): 231-241.
Fongnzossie, Evariste Fedoung, Denis Jean Sonwa, Victor Kemeuze, Phillipe Auzel, and Bernard‐Aloys Nkongmeneck. “Above‐ground carbon assessment in the Kom‐Mengamé forest conservation complex, South Cameroon: Exploring the potential of managing forests for biodiversity and carbon.” In Natural Resources Forum, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 220-232. 2014.
Petre, Charles-Albert, Nikki Tagg, Barbara Haurez, Roseline Beudels-Jamar, Marie-Claude Huynen, and Jean-Louis Doucet. “Role of the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in seed dispersal in tropical forests and implications of its decline/Le rôle du gorille des plaines de l’Ouest (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) dans la dissémination des graines en forêts tropicales et les implications de son déclin.” Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement 17, no. 3 (2013): 517.
Indigenous Peoples collectively-managed territories and local communities store about one quarter of the carbon stored aboveground in the world’s tropical forests. The intimate relationship between Indigenous Peoples and their immediate environment is characterized by minimal impact of their livelihoods on their ecological surroundings. Thus, enabling Indigenous Peoples to remain on their land and restoring land rights to displaced Indigenous Peoples will likely result in avoidance of CO2 emissions that occur during forest destruction in addition to efflux of CO2 from below ground carbon stores released when above ground biomass is removed from an area.
The Biosphere Box with a seal represents Indigenous Peoples and their persistence within an ecosystem as an avoidance offset that can be measured by PαC across an area that is currently inhabited or will be occupied by Indigenous Peoples. Project revenues may be used to secure or acquire land for Indigenous Peoples and is of high importance to the mission of PαC.
Asante, Eric Appau, Stephen Ababio, and Kwadwo Boakye Boadu. “The Use of Indigenous Cultural Practices by the