ts_quarterly/v023/23.2kilkelly.pdf (PDF). [Back to Text]
- Kilkelly, supra note 10. [Back to Text]
- The Sex Trafficking Protocol comprises a preamble and 17 articles. G.A. Res. A/RES/54/263 of 25 May 2000. It entered into force on January 18, 2002. For an online text, see the UNHCHR Web site, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/dopchild.htm (last visited July 23, 2007). The status of ratifications and reservations to the STP is availble via hyperlinks on the same Web site. [Back to Text]
- Revaz, supra note 7. [Back to Text]
- Id. [Back to Text]
- The Child Soldiers Protocol, comprising a Preamble and 13 articles, entered into force on February 12, 2002. G.A. Res. A/RES/54/263 of 25 May 2000. For an online text, see the OHCHR Web site, http://www.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-conflict.htm (last visited July 23, 2007). The status of ratifications and reservations to the Child Soldiers Protocol is also available via hyperlinks on the same Web site. [Back to Text]
- Id. [Back to Text]
- According to article 3(5), “the requirement to raise the age in paragraph 1 of the present article does not apply to schools operated by or under the control of the armed forces of the States Parties, in keeping with articles 28 and 29 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.” See also Revaz, supra note 13. [Back to Text]
The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, with a Preamble and 48 articles, was adopted on July 11, 1990, and entered into force on November 29, 1999. OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/24.9/49 (1990). For an online text, see the African Union Web site,
20OF%20CHILD.pdf (PDF) (last visited July 20, 2007) (unofficial source). For a list of signatures, ratifications,
and accessions, see the African Union Web site, http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Documents/Treaties/List/African%20Charter%20on%20the
%20Rights%20and%20Welfare%20of%20the%20Child.pdf (PDF) (last visited July 30, 2007). [Back to Text]
- Van Bueren, supra note 3, at 24-25 and n. 171. For an online text, see Organization of African Unity (OAU), Declaration on the Rights and Welfare of the African Child, AHG/St. 4 (XVI) Rev. 1 1979, Declaration and Resolutions Adopted by the Sixteenth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government (July 17-20, 1979), http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Decisions/hog/pHoGAssembly1979.pdf (PDF) (last visited July 24, 2007). [Back to Text]
- International Norms and Standards Relating to Disability, United Nations enable, http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/comp303.htm (last visited July 25, 2007). Van Bueren, supra note 3, at 24-25, notes “the high risk of conditionality” of the concept of children’s responsibilities set forth in the two Charters and criticizes the responsibility “to respect parents and elders at all times” as being “too unquestioning and general.” She adds, “[w]here family members are abusing or exploiting children, to maintain that children are obliged to respect the abuser is a dangerous precedent.” [Back to Text]
- Article 11 on education is the longest article in the ACRWC. It also provides, among other measures, that States Parties are to in particular to provide free and compulsory basic education (art. 11(3)). [Back to Text]
The European Convention on the Exercise of Children’s Rights, C. E.T.S. No. 160, has a Preamble and twenty-six articles. It was opened for signature on January 25, 1996, and entered into force on July 1, 2000. For an online text, see the COE Web site, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?
NT=160&CL=ENG, and, for an explanatory report, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Reports/HTML/160.htm (both last visited July 27, 2007). See also Kilkelly, supra note 10; Kilkelly, Children’s Rights: a European Perspective,
4:2 Judicial Studies Institute Journal 68 (2004), available at http://www.jsijournal.ie/html/Volume%204%20No.%202/4%5B2%5D_
20Rights%20A%20European%20Perspective.pdf (PDF); and Sandy Ruxton, What About Us? Children’s Rights in the European Union: Next Steps (Nov. 2005), available at http://www.crin.org/docs/Ruxton%20Report_WhatAboutUs