re systems. This results in current situation in which the requirement of all PC computer indexes (the size of memory and hard-disk, the frequency of CPU, etc.) are higher and higher, and software and OSs are becoming more and more complex and enormous. As for those mobile devices (PDA, cellular phone, etc.) and digital appliances (such as ISDN telephone, etc.) which can only be installed with a small embedded OS because of its limited capability, although they can run some small software, they have difficulties to inter-connect and inter-communicate to the universal computer network system such as the Internet. Moreover, the continuous upgrade of hardware and thereof the corresponding relationship between hardware and software systems makes the software systems become more and more complex, which as a result increases the cost of usage and maintenance. Besides, the abandoned obsolete computers become a new source of garbage and result in new environment pollution.
The Transparence Computing (ZHANG Y. X., “Transparence Computing: concept, architecture and examples”, college journal of electron, VOL 32, NO 12A, 12, 2005) is a computing paradigm in which users are not required to perceive the physical distribution of the computer OS, supporting toolkits and applications, instead, corresponding computing services can be found and accessed within pervasive devices (including various mobile/non-mobile devices and appliances) according to users demand, while these services are persistently stored in servers on distributed networks
Another important difference of the Transparence Computing comparing to other computing paradigms like the client/server is: every computing device of all other computing paradigms must correspond to a given OS. This is not only because that the OS kernel must match with the low-level interface of hardware, but also because that it is a traditional method. However, the Transparence Computing enables the users to choose and use preferred OS and applications on a computing device. And these OS, toolkits and applications need not to be persistently stored in the device in advance, instead, they can be acquired on demand by downloading from servers storing these resource. As long as the hardware interface of the device can support these OS, users can dynamically download and install these OSs, toolkits, applications etc., according to their needs. During this process, the existing local software systems and programs will be overwritten to save a large amount of storage and computing time resource of the client devices.
Another strength of Transparence Computing is that its servers are used only for storing various resources, not the applied computing. This substantially reduces the server's burden and shortens its response time for users.
The physical driver layer of Transparence Computing provides the network connection between servers and clients. It consists of NIC, drivers and the network-connecting programs. For example, Ethernets, including the high-speed Ethernet and wireless Ethernet of 802.11, can all serve as the physical driver layer for Transparence Computing. Other examples include IEEE1394, infrared, bluetooth, and cable TV. The physical driver layer corresponds to the pervasive communication, making the Transparence Computing paradigm usable in various environments like wired, wireless and mobile environments. Since Transparence Computing uses universal communication networks to support communication, it can be easily inter-connected to the Internet, TV-Cable, and the like.
The Transparence Computing layer is the key layer of Transparence Computing. It consists of: the Multi-OS Booting Connection protocol, the Application Schedule and Management module, the User Request Management module, the User Management module, and the Server Resource Management module.
The application computing layer accepts and serves users computing requests. It enables the user to use a client (computer) as if it is a common PC. The layer can also implement the Active Services (referring to: ZHANG YAO XUE, “Active