eness of on-scene operations will be enhanced, and drivers’ frustration will decline. ♦
1David Schrank, Tim Lomax, and Bill Eisele, 2011 Urban Mobility Report, September 2011, 1, http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/mobility-report-2011.pdf (accessed May 17, 2012).
2Nicholas Owens et al., Traffic Incident Management Handbook, FHWA HOP 10 013 (January 2010), 2, http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/eto_tim_pse/publications/timhandbook/tim_handbook.pdf (accessed May 17, 2012).
3“Section 2. Review of Literature,” Office of Operations, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Emergency Transportation Operations, March 31, 2009, quoting the Traffic Management Data Dictionary, http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/eto_tim_pse/docs/incident_mgmt_perf/section2.htm (accessed May 17, 2012).
4Owens et al., Traffic Incident Management Handbook, 2, 27, 58.
5FHWA, “Control of Traffic Through Traffic Incident Management Areas,” chap. 6I in Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD) (2009), 726, http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/2009/part6.pdf (accessed May 17, 2012).
6“Traffic Incident Management,” Office of Operations, FHWA, USDOT, http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/eto_tim_pse/about/tim.htm (accessed May 17, 2012).
7National Traffic Incident Management Coalition, National Unified Goal for Traffic Incident Management, November 2007, http://www.transportation.org/sites/ntimc/docs/NUG%20Unified%20Goal-Nov07.pdf (accessed February 15, 2012).
8IACP Highway Safety Committee, “Contingent Support of the National Unified Goal for Traffic Incident Management,” IACP Resolution adopted at the 114th Annual Conference of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (New Orleans, Louisiana, 2007), http://www.iacp.org/resolution/index.cfm?fa=dis_public_view&resolution_id=304&CFID=44353264&CFTOKEN=55324049 (accessed May 17, 2012).
9IACP Highway Safety Committee, “Quick Clearance of Roadway Incidents,” IACP Resolution adopted at the 117th Annual Conference of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (Orlando, Florida, 2010), http://www.iacp.org/resolution/2010Resolutions.pdf (accessed May 17, 2012).
10Owens et al., Traffic Incident Management Handbook, 7.
11For more information on the guides, visit http://www.towserver.net/products.htm# (accessed May 17, 2012).
12Owens et al., Traffic Incident Management Handbook, 44–45.
13Captain Jeffrey A. King, Executive Officer, Highway Patrol Division, Arizona Department of Public Safety, email message to the author, March 5, 2012.
14U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS), Uniform Crime Reports, Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted [LEOKA] 2010, table 61, http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/leoka/leoka-2010/tables/table61-leok-accidentally-circumstance-01-10.xls (accessed May 17, 2012); LEOKA 2001, table 28, http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/leoka/2001 (accessed May 17, 2012); LEOKA 1996, table 23, http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/leoka/1996 (accessed May 17, 2012).
15U.S. Fire Administration, Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2010 (September 2011), 12, http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/ff_fat10.pdf (accessed May 17, 2012).
16“Tow Truck Driver Killed on the Job,” WSVN-TV 7 News, May 11, 2010, http://www.wsvn.com/news/articles/local/MI86847 (accessed May 12 2012).
17FHWA, “Details for Request 6(09)-4,” MUTCD, April 27, 2010, http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/reqdetails.asp?id=837 (accessed May 17, 2012).
18FHWA, “Pedestrian and Worker Safety” and “Flagger Control,” chap. 6D and 6E in MUTCD (2009), 564, 566, http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/2009/part6.pdf (accessed May 17, 2012).
19For additional information, see Richard J. Ashton, “New Federal Rule Seeks to Improve Officer Visibility at Roadside,” The Police Chief 74 (July 2007), http://policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=1227&issue_id=72007 (accessed May 17, 2012).
20FHWA, “Pedestrian and Worker Safety,” chap. 6D in MUTCD (2009), 564, 565.
21FHWA, “Control of Traffic through Traffi