, K. (1 February 2014). Fulani herdsmen were first to declare war. http://vibeghana.com/2014/02/01/fulani-herdsmen-were-first-to-declare-war/ (Accessed 16 November 2014)
The member of the parliament of the Asante Akim North Constituency (Agogo) has stated that he will mobilize the people of the area to fight against the presence of cattle in the area. See Myjoyonline.com (29 January 2014). MP declares shoot to kill in Agogo. http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/January-29th/mp-declares-shoot-to-kill-in-agogo.php (Accessed 15 August 2014)
Justin Bayo is reported saying ‘They (Fulani herders) cross over into the country fully armed and with no regard for our laws. If unchecked they will escalate the many dormant conflicts especially in the north over land.’ See IRIN. (29 April 2010). GHANA: Police crackdown on migrant Fulani. http://www.irinnews.org/report/88957/ghana-police-crackdown-on-migrant-fulani-herdsmen (Accessed 24 October 2014). Justin Bayo was the coordinator at the time of the statement. He has since left WANEP.
IRIN. (29 April 2010). GHANA: Police crackdown on migrant Fulani herdsmen http://www.irinnews.org/report/88957/ghana-police-crackdown-on-migrant-fulani-herdsmen (Accessed 17 November 2014)
Kokutse, Francis. (3 August 2011). Africa Review - Fulani herdsmen outstay welcome in Ghana http://www.africareview.com/News/Ghanaians-tire-of-hosting-Fulani-herdsmen/-/979180/1212908/-/1dqyejz/-/index.html (Accessed 15 August 2014)
See Bokor, M. J. K. (8 October 2011). A Fulani is a Fulani, not a “Ghanaian Fulani.” http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=221015 (Accessed 15 August 2014
See Manu, Bernard. (11 October 2011). The ‘Ghanaian Fulani’ I never knew. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=221334 (Accessed 15 August 2014)
Bokor, M. J. K. (8 October 2011). A Fulani is a Fulani, not a “Ghanaian Fulani.” http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=221015
Interviews with Fulani elders
Myjoyonline (13 May 2015). Fulani herdsmen to be kicked out in Operation Cow Leg http://myjoyonline.com/news/2015/May-13th/fulani-herdsmen-to-be-kicked-out-in-operation-cowleg.php
These were based on interviews with Fulani who all claimed to have been questioned by emigration officials whilst others were expelled.
See Discover ECOWAS. ECOWAS Protocol on free movement of persons, the right of residence and establishment. http://www.cfr.org/world/economic-community-west-african-states-ecowas-protocol-free-movement-persons-residence-establishment/p28124. (Accessed 15 August 2014)
In interviews in Agogo, Kumawu, Gushiegu and Karaga districts, Fulani complained of difficulty in buying land.
The authors want to thank the Dr. Hermann Eiselen, Doctoral Programme of the Fiat Panis Foundation and the German Academic Exchange Services (DAAD) for sponsoring the field research in Ghana. We also appreciate the assistance of Richard Bonnie, Dr. Imogen Bellwood-Howard and Maame Owusua Amponsah-Bioh in commenting on the initial draft of this paper.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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