isualization of drugs released in cancer, opening a new era of using hybrid nanoplatforms in personalized treatment.
Next-generation cancer nanotheranostics
Next-generation hybrid nanoplatforms have dual-targeted delivery of therapeutic materials and therapeutic energy like heat. Integrating drug delivery with thermal therapies like photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and magnetic hyperthermia could lead to more effective cancer treatment. The duplex effect of local heating has the ability to manage the amount of drug released and the spatial control of the release.
Moreover, the increased temperature could improve the efficacy of the drug due to the synergetic thermo-chemo action. Based on these attractive dual modalities of hybrid nanoplatforms, preclinical reports found efficient photothermal damage of primary tumors under MRI-photoacoustic imaging guidance and a hyperthermia-mediated immunostimulatory effect on deep-seated tumors.
The main goal of nanotheranostics is to target the tumor and improve clinical efficacy for a broader therapeutic strategy. One of the main concepts of cancer nanotheranostics is the idea of applying hybrid nanostructures to selectively accumulate at cancer sites.
Different hybrid nanostructures have been designed via combining different surface functionalization strategies like antibodies, ligands, proteins, biomolecules, aptamers, and peptides to have active targeting of tumor cells or microenvironment of tumors.
Next-generation cancer nanotheranostics is based on the integration of in vitro, engineered 3D tumor models or tumor spheroids, ex vivo tumor explants, and various in vivo models to attain favorable results. Remarkable efforts have also been devoted in nanotheranostics to find new tumor cell targeting molecules that also have a synergetic anticancer effect, least immune clearance, as well as controlled release.
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