 through witness or victim protection programmes, and by providing training for relevant authorities on safe interview techniques for people with potential mental health conditions stemming from abuses;
4. Continue to strengthen efforts by law enforcement actors, including national counter-trafficking agencies, as well as protection and community actors to coordinate and cooperate across borders as a means of tackling international networks or actors responsible for trafficking, kidnap for ransom and other abuses;
5. Together with the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights, support the work of national human rights institutions to investigate allegations of abuses by State officials, including against refugees and migrants on the move, and hold perpetrators accountable, together with other relevant State institutions;
6. Urge regional economic communities particularly the Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in West Africa and the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in East and Horn of Africa to work with countries of origin to address root causes, facilitate solutions and promote capacity of Member States;
7. Work to enhance the capacity of all relevant State authorities engaging in any capacity with refugees and migrants and increase the awareness of officials regarding the rights of refugees and migrants;
8. Further enhance efforts to provide protection in the region (with support from the African Union, humanitarian partners, and donors), including through meaningful access to employment opportunities and education, with due consideration to the specific needs and diverse profiles of people with different ages, genders, and characteristics, as a means of providing viable alternatives to dangerous journeys;
9. In countries where refugees are required to remain in camps, allow greater flexibility in the issuing of movement permits from camps to avoid the need for people to travel with smugglers for temporary journeys such as to major cities;
10. In Libya, amend Law 19 of 2010, which foresees hard labour as a sentence in response to irregular entry and can have the effect of fostering the exploitation of refugees and migrants;
11. In Libya, put in place a national registration system for refugees and migrants, including at disembarkation points, in detention centres, and in urban areas to avoid people going missing; and
12. Strengthen coordinated efforts aimed at search and rescue in desert regions.
To countries of destination
1. Enhance opportunities for safe and legal travel beyond the region covered in this report, including through removing obstacles to family reunification, increasing resettlement commitments, and introducing more complementary pathways including temporary labour schemes and education visas;
2. Provide refugees and migrants who have reached countries of destination, including through resettlement, with clear, voluntary, and confidential opportunities for access to justice, including by providing trusted and accessible channels for those wishing to provide information on abuses experienced along the route, counselling them on the implications of their possible participation in criminal proceedings, providing access to a status commensurate with their international protection needs where applicable, or, for those not in need of international protection, legal stay for the duration of criminal proceedings, and providing support with access to legal aid;
3. Continue to strengthen efforts by law enforcement actors to share key information on perpetrators of abuses with those able to take action, including with law enforcement agencies outside of Europe, ensuring that all cooperation is undertaken in a manner consistent with international human rights and refugee law;
4. Further enhance measures to identify victims of trafficking and other abuses, including through capacity building of immigration/asylum officials, law enforcement officials, and through establishing or strengthening coordination between those actors, NGOs, and other key stakeholders. Provide safe shelter for 