Socioeconomic Status And Genetic Influences On Cognitive Development Pdf
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- Heritability of IQ
- Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
- Socioeconomic status and genetic influences on cognitive development
- Neurology & Stroke
Metrics details. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of family socioeconomic status SES and parental education on non-verbal IQ and on the processing of oral and written language, working memory, verbal memory and executive functions in children from different age ranges. A total of Brazilian children aged 6—12 years old, attending public and private schools from Porto Alegre, RS participated in the study.
Heritability of IQ
Metrics details. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of family socioeconomic status SES and parental education on non-verbal IQ and on the processing of oral and written language, working memory, verbal memory and executive functions in children from different age ranges. A total of Brazilian children aged 6—12 years old, attending public and private schools from Porto Alegre, RS participated in the study. SES had stronger effects on younger children up to nine years old , in most cognitive tasks examined.
Probably, after this age, a combination of factors such as schooling, living in other social environments, among others, may mitigate the effects of family socioeconomic status. It is usually assessed through indicators such as education, occupation and family income or a combination thereof Braveman et al.
Research in animals and humans show that early malnutrition, stress, lack of stimulation and poor social interaction can affect the structure and functioning of the brain, with long lasting cognitive and emotional effects Hackman et al.
Despite the large number of studies on psychosocial factors and their impacts on the performance of children of different ages in cognitive tasks, most of them use IQ or academic achievement measures Forns et al. In the present study, neuropsychological variables were added to traditional IQ evaluation, following recent studies that assess neuropsychological functions separately Noble and Farah ; Raizada and Kishiyama Family SES, especially during early childhood, seem to affect performance in some neuropsychological systems more than in others, particularly memory episodic, working and semantic , oral and written language and executive functions Hackman et al.
Such influence is more prominent at younger ages Tomalski et al. In the first years of childhood, the socioeconomic status is very important for children development, since it may limit the conditions for stimulation, access to materials and activities that favor cognitive development Forns et al.
About that neuropsychological functions development, the neural structures necessary for language processing are available in children from an early age and this skill is developed and strengthened from the experiences, social relations and communication interactions and is therefore a complex process Finkbeiner and Coltheart The acquisition of written language literacy occurs later in childhood, being an ongoing task, which is enriched with new skills as the individual develops and interacts with the environment.
In this sense, environmental aspects, both social and economic - as material resources -, and psychosocial - like mental health of parents and family relations - have been linked to academic performance and the development of language Marturano ; Noble et al. The executive functions have been defined as a set of skills that in an integrate manner, enable the individual to direct behaviors to goals, performing voluntary actions.
According to Diamond , the core executive functions are inhibition — response inhibition and interference control —, working memory and cognitive flexibility Diamond As Weyandt highlights, these definitions differ to the degree of emphasis placed either in process control, working 