- high crime rate
- poor housing quality
- clean environment
- ability to commute to work
- larger housing, lower density housing
- falling house prices leading to vandalism as houses are left empty
- shops have fewer customers and unemployment increases
- businesses in the city lose their best workers as they can find jobs closer to the village
- pollution in villages increases
Managing Population Problems-
- highly populated area, dependant on agriculture, puts pressure on resources and has a negative effect on quality of life.
what has been done?
- eduation of women
- increasing the number of health clinics
- making contraception more available
impact on population
- population structure has changed
- increased quality of life
- role of women has changed
- reduced population size, as people have realised that they don't need large families.
Terraced housing 19th century
- e.g Westcotes, built for workers, small garden and no garage, ideal for first time buyers, less than 1km away from the CBD.
- e.g Wycliffe, solve problems of overcrowding in the cities, cheap housing for students, 1-2 km away from CBD.
Suburban housing 1970's
- 4km away from the CBD, high quality of life for commuters, large gardens+garages, access to rare services such as retail parks.
Council housing- 1950's e.g. North Braun Stone
- 4-5km away from the CBD, cheap housing for returning troops, 1980's houses could be bought.
CBD - mixture of high/low order goods, traditional shopping site, large/small stores.
inner city- located near to cornershops, and shopping parades, selling low order convience goods.
suburban housing -access to rare services such as retail parks, access to shops that sell high order comparison goods such as tv's or furniture.
Changing location of services - flat land can allow expansion of stores, cheaper land prices, large amounts of free parking, accessibility through the M1 and M5.
Migration into Favelas
push factors; rainfall is low, water supply is unreliable, people displaced by dam projects, many people live in poverty, poor healthcare and education. low wages- mainly farmers. pull factors; chance of a regular wage, reliable supply of water, education is more accessible, better access to healthcare, entertainment 'bright lights'. impact on communities left behind; population structure alters, older people are left behind, food insecurity as there less young people for cultivation, band becomes infertile, weakening of local culture and language. what has been done? ; local authorities provide residents with materials to construct permanent accommodation. saved money can be spent on amenities such as electricity and water. developed infrastructure, improved sanitation.
problems; unemployment issues, shortage of housing, poor sanitation, poor building materials, and uncontrollable impacts of natural increase, overcrowding, increase in crime rate, unplanned growth of favelas, increased pressure on roads and infrastructure, unstable hillsides, increased chances of contracting diseases.
improving quality of life, The Chingapura Project; Sao Paulo; self help schemes, can hlp improve local skills, create a community, people encouraged to build their own homes, local authorities provide bulding materials, money saved can be used on basic amenties.
urban improvement scheme
problems in the docklands; few jobs, docks had closed, buildings and homes fell into a poor state of repair, area became run down.
What happened in 1981? The LDDC ( london docklands development corporation) was set up. its main aims were to attract new industry, encourage investments, establish new communities, and to createjobs.
what was done? transport improved, light railway created, new homes were built, new industry was attracted, employment increased, refurbished existing buildings.
Advantages; Employment increased, population increased within that area, new healthcare and education provision, land reclaimed, conservation areas created.
Disadvantages; new housing unaffordable for existing residents, only specialist jobs available, communities are broken up,