but the war ended in August 1945 negating the need for the 506th redeployment.
Over the next two decades the 506th would undergo a series of reorganizations as the unit moved from its post-war role to a mainstay of the US military. In addition, the 506th moved out of and back into the responsibility of the 101st Airborne Division and changed garrisons to its current home at Fort Campbell, Kentucky by 1964. The next time the 506th participated in major US military action was for combat in Vietnam.
Beginning with the Tet Offensive in early 1968 the 506th would go on to be involved in a variety of operations and actions;
- The Battle of Hamburger Hill in May 1969
- The Battle of FSB Ripcord
- Counteroffensive Operations, Phase III between Jun 1st, 1967 and January 29th, 1968
- The Tet Counteroffensive between January 30th and April 1st 1968
- Counteroffensive, Phase IV between April 2nd and June 30th, 1968
- Counteroffensive, Phase V between July 1st and November 1st, 1968
- Counteroffensive, Phase VI between November 2nd, 1968 and February 22nd 1969
- The Tet 69/Counteroffensive from February 23rd and June 8th, 1969
- The 1969 Summer-Fall Offensive between June 9th and October 31st 1969
- The Winter-Spring Offensive of 1970 from November 1st, 1969 and April 30th, 1970
- The Sanctuary Counteroffensive between May 1st and June 30th, 1970
- The Counteroffensive, Phase VII between July 1st, 1970 and June 30th, 1971
- Consolidation I Operations from July 1st, 1971 to November 30th, 1971
- Consolidation II Operations between December 1st, 1971 and March 29th, 1972
Immediately following the 506Th participation in the Vietnam conflict the unit was inactivated on July 31st, 1972 and responsibility was transferred to the 101st Airborne. From that point on the unit’s lineage is quiet until a short time after the 9/11 attacks when the US Army was again spinning up for the various conflicts in the Global War on Terror for both Operation IRAQI and ENDURING FREEDOM (OIF and OEF). The first elements of the 506th to deploy in support of OIF were the 2004 assignment of the 1st Battalion from Korea to the Iraqi city of Habanera for a one-year rotation. Upon their return, the 1st Battalion redeployed to Colorado via their garrison in Korea. From Colorado, the 1st Battalion moved to Fort Campbell, Kentucky where the Army stood up the 4th Brigade Combat Team (BCT) on September 30th, 2005 under the 101st Airborne. Once established, the Army then added the 2nd Battalion on October 1st, 2005 under the 4th BCT to provide a second infantry battalion. Together, these modern day elements of the 506th would go on to participate in various deployments.
In 2005 the 506th again received its marching orders and deployed both the 1st and 2nd Battalions to Al Ramadi in Al-Anbar Province and Forward Operating Base Falcon in southern Baghdad respectively. The 2nd Battalion also served as cross-attached to the 4th Brigade, 4th Infantry Division between November 2005 and 2006 to assist in the National Resolution that provided for free and democratic elections. During the Baghdad clearance operations that set the stage for the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 under General David Petraeus, the 2nd Battalion, 506th Infantry conducted the first deliberate clear-hold-build operation in the Doura Market as part of Operation TOGETHER FORWARD II under Multi-National Division – Baghdad. Careful examination of the 2nd Battalion’s Techniques, Tactics, and Procedures during the joint operation resulted in the Iraqi National Police and Iraqi Police emulating their tactics for similar operations across Baghdad for the next six months, a temporary measure until surge forces could arrive and set up various Joint Security Stations. Following a year of deployment the 506th returned home to their garrisons in the United States. 
The dual deployments of the 506th continued for the 1st and 2nd Battalion with a 2008-2009 deployment to Ghazni, Wardak, and Paktika provinces in Afghanistan. As part of OEF the 1st Battalion split to assist the 10th Special Force Group in Kapitsa Province at 