r Novosibirsk.
Mathematical investigations are conducted abroad both in institutes of mathematics and at universities (especially in capitalist countries).
The first mathematical societies, which now exist in many countries, appeared as early as the turn of the 18th century. Extensive reports on world achievements in mathematics and its applications, as well as communications on the most interesting works of individual scientists, are read and discussed at the international congresses of mathematicians, held every four years (since 1898). The organization and encouragement of international cooperation in mathematics, the preparation of scientific programs for the international congresses of mathematicians, and other functions are tasks of the International Mathematical Union. Articles about current mathematical investigations, as well as news about mathematical events in various countries, are published in mathematical journals, which now total more than 250 (as of the early 1970’s).
REFERENCESPhilosophy and history of mathematics
Kolmogorov, A. N. “Matematika.” In Bol’shaia Sovetskaia entsiklopediia, 2nd ed., vol. 26. Moscow, 1954.
Matematika, ee soderzhanie, melody i znachenie, vols. 1-3. Moscow, 1956.
Zeuthen, H. Istoriia matematiki v drevnosti i v srednie veka, 2nd ed.
Moscow-Leningrad, 1938. (Translated from French.)
Zeuthen, H. G. Istoriia matematiki v XVI i XVII vekakh, 2nd ed. Moscow-Leningrad, 1938. (Translated from German.)
Van der Waerden, B. L. Probuzhdaiushchaiasia nauka. Matematika Drevnego Egipta, Vavilona, Gretsii. Moscow, 1959. (Translated from Dutch.)
Kol’man, E. Istoriia matematiki v drevnosti. Moscow, 1961.
Iushkevich, A. P. Istoriia matematiki v srednie veka. Moscow, 1961.
Wileitner, H. Istoriia matematiki ot Dekarta do serediny XIX stoletiia, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1966. (Translated from German.)
Wileitner, H. Khrestomatiia po istorii matematiki, sostavlennaia po pervoistochnikam …, 2nd ed. Moscow-Leningrad, 1935. (Translated from German.)
Klein, F. Lektsii o razvitii matematiki v XIX stoletii, part 1. Moscow-Leningrad, 1937. (Translated from German.)
Rybnikov, K. A. Istoriia matematiki, vols. 1-2. Moscow, 1960-63.
Bourbaki, N. Ocherki po istorii matematiki. Moscow, 1963. (Translated from French.)
Struik, D. J. Kratkii ocherk istorii matematiki, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1969. (Translated from German.)
Istoriia matematiki s drevneishikh vremen do nachala XIX stoletiia, vols. 1-3. Moscow, 1970-72.
Cantor, M. Vorlesungen über Geschichte der Mathematik, 3rd ed., vols. 1-4. Leipzig, 1907-13.
Surveys and encyclopedias
Vinogradov, I. M. “Matematika i nauchnyi progress.” In Lenin i sovremennaia nauka, book 2. Moscow, 1970.
Matematika. [Collection of articles.] Moscow-Leningrad, 1932. (Nauka v SSSR za 15 let, 1917-1932.)
Matematika v SSSR za tridtsat’ let, 1917-1947. (Collection of articles.) Moscow-Leningrad, 1948.
Matematika v SSSR za sorok let, 1917-1957, vol. 1. (Collection of articles.) Moscow, 1959.
Weyl, H. “A Half-century of mathematics.” American Mathematical Monthly, 1951, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 523-53.
Entsiklopediia elementarnoi matematiki, books 1-5. Moscow-Leningrad, 1951-66.
Weber, G., and I. Welstein. Entsiklopediia elementarnoi matematiki, 2nd ed., vols. 1-3. Odessa, 1911-14. (Translated from German.)
Enzyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften, mil Einschluss ihrer Anwendunger, vols. 1-6. Leipzig, 1898-1934.
Ibid., 2nd., vol. 1. Leipzig, 1950—.
Encyclopedic des sciences mathematiques pures et appliquees, vols. 1-7. Paris-Leipzig, 1904-14.
Mathematik, 6th ed. Leipzig, 1971. (Kleine Enzyklopddie.)
Mathematisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. vols. 1-2. Berlin-Leipzig, 1962.