er creates worlds that can best be described as 'hyper-realistic.' " See incongruity.
Tim Hawkinson (American, 1960-), Untitled, 2003, photomontage of unique digital photographs on foamcore on panel, 68 x 117 inches, collection of Martin and Rebecca Eisenberg. Hawkinson has used his own body as the subject of an image comparable to a fractal. See body art.
Also see appropriation, bricolage, collage, coulage, culture jamming, découpage, detournement, femmage, frottage, fumage, incongruity, montage, parsemage, and pasteup.
photon - A subatomic particle having zero mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime. Photon is also the name of a unit of retinal illumination, equal to the amount of light that reaches the retina through one square millimeter of pupil area from a surface having a brightness of one candela per square meter.
photoreceptors - Anatomically essential to seeing, photoreceptors are the nerve endings (brain cells called neurons) sensitive to light, that line the retina, located on the surface of the inner eyeball opposite the eye's lens. Here millions of photoreceptors are differentiated into the neurons called rods and cones, which are connected by the optic nerve to the brain. In this illustration, the rods and cones are the pink forms shown embedded in the anterior of the retina's surface. The more uniformly thin rods, among the more thickly formed cones.
Also see afterimage, binocular vision, colorblind, cross-section, gestalt, night blindness or nyctalopia, Op Art, ophthalmology, optical, optical mixing, perception, and peripheral vision.
Photo-Secession or Photo Secession - An American photography movement from 1905-1917. It was led by Alfred Stieglitz, whose Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession later became Gallery 291 (from its address at 291 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY). Steiglitz edited the journal Camera Work during these years, publishing it from the 291 Gallery.
Examples of Photo-Secession works:
Alfred Stieglitz (American, 1864-1946), The Steerage, 1907, photogravure, published in 1915 as a special supplement to No. 7-8 of Camera Work; 13 1/8 x 10 3/8 inches (33.3 x 26.4 cm).
Alfred Stieglitz, Georgia O'Keeffe, 1918, platinum print, 11.7 x 9 cm (4 5/8 x 3 9/16 inches), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. Painter Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887-1986) was married to Stieglitz. See feminism and feminist art.
Alfred Stieglitz, Georgia O'Keeffe, 1921, palladium print, 23.6 x 19.2 cm (9 5/16 x 7 9/16 inches), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Alice Boughton (American, 1865-1943), Untitled (Head of a Woman with Tousled Hair), glycerine-developed platinum print, c. 1905, American Museum of Photography.
Edward Steichen (American, born Luxembourg, 1879-1973), The Flatiron, 1904, printed 1909, depicted: New York City, New York, United States of America, gum bichromate over platinum print, 47.8 x 38.4 cm (18 13/16 x 15 1/8 inches), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Edward Steichen, Balzac, The Silhouette - 4 A.M., 1908, depicted: Meudon, France, gum bichromate print, 37.9 x 46 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/8 inches), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
Imogen Cunningham (American, 1883-1976), Alfred Stieglitz in American Place, 1934, gelatin silver print, 24.1 x 19.0 cm, George Eastman House, Rochester, NY. American Place was Stieglitz's gallery in later years.
Photoshop - A sophisticated software program, produced by Adobe Systems, for altering and processing digital photographs and other digital images.
Also see GraphicConverter.
photoscreen - A technique employing photographic processes to create stencil screens from graphic images, which then become part of complex printing or painting processes.
Also see silkscreen.
pi - The sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, which in mathematics stands for a transcendental number, approximately 3.14, which expresses the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle and appears as a constant in many mathematical expressions. If you need it carried a few places further to the right [quite unlikely actually, but just in case, here are 52]:
pi = 3.1415926535897