o create new, reproductively isolated species. Yet as materialist, who felt open antipathy against the doctrine of creation and dismissed it on the grounds that in his view it owes its existence and plausibility entirely to what he called "Hebrew cosmogony", he decided with an amount of combativeness to "sharpen up his claws and beak" in readiness towards the Darwin's opposition.
Establishing and Activities of the Club X
In England, Darwin, Huxley and their allies cooperated effectively to acquire leading positions in scientific community which they held for necessary to impose naturalism as an ideology of science. Part of their tactic was in the first place searching for means to minimize the scientific debate about Darwinism and concurrently they tried in a systematic way to meet the needs of biologists who obliged to embrace evolutionary approach. Huxley let himself to be surrounded by closed group of like-minded intellectuals which was known as Club X. They managed to take the leading positions in many prominent British scientific associations and emplaced their proteges in famous Universities and museums as well as took steps to influence the publishing policies of scientific journals. In 1869 they founded journal Nature as a "mouthpiece" of scientific naturalism and openly made use of its pages for supporting Darwinism. Science historian Edward Larson refers to their takeover of leading positions in British scientific society as to coup d'état and cites other historian Peter Bowler who denoted this crafty overthrow as being so successful that by 1880s remaining opponents were claiming that "Darwinism had become blindly accepted dogma carefully shielded from any serious challenge."
- ↑ Janet Browne (Feb 23, 2010). Charles Darwin Volume 2: The Power at Place. Random House, 608. ISBN 9781407053233.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Edward J.Larson (2004). Evolution -The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory. USA: Random House Publishing Group, 368. ISBN 0812968492.
- ↑ Carl S. Dowries:Selections from Huxley. The University of California. “It is not clear to me why, if continual physical 5 conditions are of so little moment as you suppose, variation should occur at all. However, I must read the book two or three times more before I presume to begin picking holes. ... And as to the curs which will bark and yelp, you must recollect that some of 15 your friends, at any rate, are endowed with an amount of combativeness which (though you have often and justly rebuked it) may stand you in good stead. I am sharpening up my claws and beak in readiness.”
- ↑ Peter J. Bowler (1989). Evolution: The History of an Idea. Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press, 432. ISBN 0-520-06385-6. “So successful was this takeover of British society that by 1880s, its remaining opponents were claiming that Darwinism had become blindly accepted dogma carefully shielded from any serious challenge.”