died, aged 54, and was succeeded by his 52-year sister, Queen Lydia Liliuokalani. White settlers who now owned 80% of the land in Hawaii, formed a Hawaiian League to oppose the accession of Queen Liliuokalani, and sought annexation to the USA.
20/1/1887. A renewal of the reciprocity agreement between the USA and Hawaii contained an amendment giving the USA exclusive rights to a coaling station in Pearl Harbour.
18/3/1875. Hawaii signed a treaty giving exclusive trading rights with the islands to the USA.
1848, King Kamehameha III seized most Hawaiian land from the indigenous inhabitants. He kept 24% for himself, a further 36% was ‘government land’, and 39% went to his chiefs. This left just 1% of the land for the ordinary people.
1845, The political capital of Hawaii was moved from Maui to Honolulu.
1825, Accession of King Kamehameha III.
14/7/1824, Kamehameha II, King of Hawaii and his wife died of measles during a visit to Britain.
8/5/1819, Death of King Kamehameha, who united Hawaii, aged 82. He was succeeded by his 22-year old son, Kamehameha II, who welcomed Christian missionaries and allowed the indigenous culture to be undermined.
Appendix 3 – US Presidents born, nominated, elected, died
30/11/2018, George HW Bush, 41st President of the USA, died aged 94.
20/1/2017, President Trump was inaugurated as 45th President of the USA.
8/11/2016, In US elections, Donald Trump (Republican) defeated Hillary Clinton (Democrat) to become the 45th President. The Republicans also took the Senate and Congress.
10/11/2012, Barack Obama was confirmed as Presidential winner in the USA, defeating challenger Mitt Romney.
4/11/2008, Barack Hussein Obama was elected first African-American President (Democrat) of the USA, the 44th President.
20/1/2005, President George W Bush was inaugurated in Washington DC for his second term as America’s 43rd President.
5/6/2004, President Reagan of the USA died (born 1911), after a long battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
20/1/2001, George W Bush officially succeeded Bill Clinton as President of the USA, after the US Supreme Court stopped the recount of votes in Florida.
13/12/2000, US Vice President Al Gore conceded the Presidential election to Texas Governor George W Bush, over a month after the actual election. Gore had won a slim 0.3% majority on 8/11/2000, but the final result rested on the contested Florida vote. The final result, with 102 million votes, was decided by a margin of 537 votes in Florida.
26/11/2000, George W Bush was certified the winner of the controversial 25 electoral-college votes in Florida, which gave him victory in the US Presidential elections.
20/1/1997, President Clinton began his second term of office.
5/11/1996. Bill Clinton won the US elections. He was re-elected for a second term, seeing off a challenge by the Republican Bob Dole. Clinton was better at attracting the female than male vote. However only 49% of the electorate bothered to vote at all, the lowest turnout since 1924.
22/4/1994, Richard Nixon, 37th US President, (born 1913) died.
20/1/1993. Bill Clinton sworn in as the 42nd US President. Prayers were said by the Reverend Billy Graham. The Iraqi official media advised former President Bush to commit suicide.
3/11/1992. Bill Clinton, 46 year old Governor of Arkansas, was elected 42nd US President, winning decisively over the incumbent, Republican President George Bush. Clinton got 43.7 million votes, Bush got 38.2 million and the independent Ross Perot got 19.2 million.
11/1/1989. President Reagan delivered his farewell speech to the USA.
8/11/1988. George Bush became Republican President of the USA, defeating George Dukakis of the Democrats.
7/11/1984. President Reagan won the US elections, for a second term, with a landslide victory. His opponent Walter F Mondale lost in 49 states and only carried his home state, Minnesota, by 3,761 votes.
20/1/1981. Ronald Reagan, Republican, sworn in as President of the USA; the oldest person to take this office. He was elected on 4/11/1980, with a landslide majority. The Republicans gained control of the Senate for the f