e printing process by which the majority of periodicals are printed for example — have invariably been photomechanical graphics until computer graphic processes have gotten to take over some of this territory. A computer generated image is more likely to be called a computer graphic or digital graphic.
Also see moiré.
photomontage - A montage of photographs.
Yves Klein (French, 1928-1962), Leap into the Void, 1960, photomontage, silver gelatin print, 350 x 270 mm. This photograph shows Klein falling from a wall toward the pavement of a Parisian street. Producing the picture at the time of the first human travels beyond earth's atmosphere, Klein was alluding to the human bodys' altered relationship to the cosmos. See void.
David Hockney (English, lives and works in USA, 1937-), Portrait of the Artist's Mother, c. 1985?, photocollage. This is called a photocollage rather than a photomontage, because it is more three-dimensional than a montage tends to be. Hockney reflected extensively on his process of collaging prints taken with a 35 mm camera as connecting to the Cubist sense of multiple angles and especially of movement. These "multiples" (as he called them) convey a strong sense of movement, Hockney argued, in that the viewer must keep readjusting his imagined viewpoint as his gaze travels from print to print. And of course by this means the viewer builds up a single image that is many times wider in angle of view than the camera lens. (The viewing angle of a standard 55mm lens for a 35mm format camera is about 45 degrees. Wide angle lenses increase the angle of view to about 75 degrees without obvious distortion, but the human angle of view, with eye movement, is about 180 degrees.)This portrait of Hockney's mother illustrates the technique at close range. See collage.
Scott Mutter (American, 1944-), Untitled (Forest), 1975, gelatine-silver print photomontage, 11 x 14 inches, American Museum of Photography. This forest has a parquet floor. "While others use the techniques of photomontage for shock effect, Mutter creates worlds that can best be described as 'hyper-realistic.' " See incongruity.
Tim Hawkinson (American, 1960-), Untitled, 2003, photomontage of unique digital photographs on foamcore on panel, 68 x 117 inches, collection of Martin and Rebecca Eisenberg. Hawkinson has used his own body as the subject of an image comparable to a fractal. See body art.
Also see appropriation, bricolage, collage, coulage, culture jamming, découpage, detournement, femmage, frottage, fumage, incongruity, montage, parsemage, and pasteup.
photon - A subatomic particle having zero mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime. Photon is also the name of a unit of retinal illumination, equal to the amount of light that reaches the retina through one square millimeter of pupil area from a surface having a brightness of one candela per square meter.
photoreceptors - Anatomically essential to seeing, photoreceptors are the nerve endings (brain cells called neurons) sensitive to light, that line the retina, located on the surface of the inner eyeball opposite the eye's lens. Here millions of photoreceptors are differentiated into the neurons called rods and cones, which are connected by the optic nerve to the brain. In this illustration, the rods and cones are the pink forms shown embedded in the anterior of the retina's surface. The more uniformly thin rods, among the more thickly formed cones.
Also see afterimage, binocular vision, colorblind, cross-section, gestalt, night blindness or nyctalopia, Op Art, ophthalmology, optical, optical mixing, perception, and peripheral vision.
Photo-Secession or Photo Secession - An American photography movement from 1905-1917. It was led by Alfred Stieglitz, whose Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession later became Gallery 291 (from its address at 291 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY). Steiglitz edited the journal Camera Work during these years, publishing it from the 291 Gallery.
Examples of Photo-Secession works:
Alfred Stieglitz (American, 1864-1946), The Steerage, 1907, photogravure, p