h gains will be a challenge. But with the return of peace to Nepal, the Ministry of Health has recently reopened the local sub-health post three miles away, so the government will play a larger role in providing health care to these communities. WWF and the Khata Community Forestry Coordination Committee worked with 24 user groups to integrate family planning and clean energy interventions into their five-year community forest operational plan amendments to ensure that PHE activities will continue. WWF-Nepal has also worked with Department of Forestry personnel and educated them about the benefits of integrated approaches to family planning, health, and community forestry management. The district forest officials have indicated their support for the revised operational plans (WWF-Nepal, 2008). Conclusions and Recommendations Based on WWF-Nepal's experience, we offer the following conclusions and recommendations for programs seeking to integrate family planning and reproductive health into forest management: � Providing health and livelihood assistance helps win a community's trust and can simultaneously protect the environment. Access to basic health services and family planning was a priority in Khata. By responding to these needs, WWF-Nepal and its partners were able to gain the community's trust and participation in conservation activities. This experience shows that providing health and family planning services linked to environmental activities not only improves health, but can also help relieve environmental pressure. 8 Lessons From the First Generation of Integrated Population, Health, and Environment Projects Issue 18 March 2009 Forests for the Future � Environmental NGOs can successfully promote reproductive health and family planning in partnership with health organizations. Remote communities in areas of high biodiversity often lack knowledge about family planning and how it contributes to sustainable livelihoods. Evidence from this project shows that environmental NGOs can quickly learn to facilitate such processes with appropriate partnerships, training, and support. � PHE integration is fast and inexpensive. Integrating family planning and health services into community forest management programs can be achieved quickly and at relatively low cost. Because the Community Forest Coordination Committee was already organized and adept at governance, the project saved significant time and an estimated $10,000 that otherwise would have been required to achieve the same level of community mobilization. Leveraging the user groups' community development funds also improved the project's cost effectiveness. � Partnering with natural resource management groups helps health projects reach vulnerable populations. Working with community organizations like forest user groups can add value to family planning and health programs. Through this partnership, the project was able to promote family planning in disadvantaged, difficult-to-reach communities as a way to improve their livelihoods. � Successful advocacy communication is key. By demonstrating how PHE both improves health and reduces vulnerability to poverty, the project was able to catalyze the support and participation of forest user groups. NGOs should include representatives of their target audiences in the process of developing key messages and identifying the best messengers. � Partnering with user groups makes PHE projects more sustainable. Communities that recognize that rapid population growth threatens forest resources are more likely to support family planning and reproductive health activities. Rather than creating a new PHE project or agenda, NGOs should first look for an existing natural resource management program that could serve as a platform for implementing family planning and reproductive health initiatives. Providing health and family planning services linked to environmental activities not only improves health, but can also help relieve environmental pressure. Feeding cattle in stalls prevents them from trampling and browsing in the forest, enablin