ake law.
(2) Legislative Powers:
The Governor is closely connected with the Legislative Assembly of the State. He summons, prorogues and dissolves the State Legislature. He convenes the State Legislature, addresses it in person, and sends messages to it. All bills passed by the Assembly in order to be placed in the Statute Book must receive the assent of the Governor. He may assent to a bill or withhold it and return it for the re-consideration of the State Legislature. If the bill, which is returned by the Governor, is again passed with or without amendments, the Governor must give his assent thereto. He has, however, no power to return a Money Bill.
There is another provision under Article 200 of the Constitution, which empowers the Governor to reserve a Bill for the consideration of the President, when a bill is reserved by the Governor for the consideration of the President, the President shall declare either that he assents to the bill or that he withholds assent there from. However, there is no remedy to the Presidential veto over the bills reserved for his assent.
The Governor has the power of promulgating ordinance during the recess of the Legislature. The ordinances so promulgated cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the re-assembly of the State Legislature or earlier, if a resolution disapproving such an ordinance is passed by the State Legislature. The Constitution provides that the Governor shall not, without instructions from the President, promulgate any such ordinance,
(a) If a Bill containing the same provisions would have required the previous sanction of the President for the introduction thereof into the legislature or
(b) If the Governor would have reserved Bill containing the same provisions for the consideration of the President, or
(c) If an Act of the State Legislature containing the same provisions would have been invalid unless having been reserved for the consideration of the President, it had received the assent of the President.
Thus, the ordinance making power of the Governor is limited in the above-mentioned specified subjects where he must obtain prior approval of the President. Further, this power of promulgating ordinance is to be exercised with the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
(3) Financial Powers:
The annual budget of the State is laid before the State Legislative Assembly with the approval of the Governor. He shall cause it to be laid before the State Legislature. No proposals for higher taxation or greater expenditure can be discussed in the State Legislature without prior permission of the Governor. Besides, the Governor may place supplementary budgets before the Legislature. A State Contingency Fund has been created and is placed under the Governor of a State to authorize immediate expenditure pending future legislative sanctions.
(4) Judicial Powers and Immunity:
The Governor has power to pardon, commute and suspend sentences of any person affected on any offences against any law relating to matters to which the executive power of the State extends. These powers are not expected to be exercised arbitrarily except for good and sufficient reasons. Senior Judicial appointments in States are also made in the name of the Governor. The Governor is above law. He cannot be sued in any Court for civil and criminal matters. These immunities are generally accorded to all Heads of the States. He is also consulted in case of appointment of Judges of the High Court of the State.
(5) Miscellaneous Functions:
Apart from these powers, the Governor performs a few miscellaneous functions. He is the Ex-Officio Chancellor of the Universities of the State. Here he performs a number of functions, which are primarily of ceremonial character like the conferment of degrees, appointment of the Vice-Chancellor, etc. He may, patronize the Red Cross Society and similar philanthropic organizations. He receives the annual report of the State Public Service Commission and passes it to the Legislature for discussion.
Similarly, he receives the report of the Accountant-General of the 