ther frame how international cooperation will continue to be enhanced and what each country will continue to do.The road map of the interlocked web of data, information and assessments is expected to resolve differences once there is a common understanding on the guidelines.
The Ad Hoc Working Group has to give early guidance to the IPCC for the Special Report (Para 21) so that the “global greenhouse gas emission pathways” take into account the ‘context’ of sustainable development and eradication of poverty, as required in the Purpose of the Agreement. The COP has to give guidance to the secretariat with respect to the information to be submitted for the stocktake (Art 11).
As methodologies that are adopted by researchers shape policy relevant science that will inform the multilateral process, intense negotiations can be expected on the types of data to be provided and parameters of their assessment in the five processes established under the Agreement,so as to enhance international cooperation:
· ‘facilitative dialogue’ in 2018, in the context of equity, sustainable development and eradication of poverty (Art 4.1),should balance timeframes for peaking where the urban transition is still on-going with those for reaching zero-emission levels in countries whose emissions have already peaked (Para 20);
· guidelines for the contributions require determination of the “reference point” for ‘understanding’ how the “contribution is fair and ambitious” and should include per capita emissions and incomes(Para27 and 26, 28);
· reviews have to recognise ‘flexibility in light of capacities’ by comparing emissions over time (at least 1990 but preferably 1950), defining ‘environmental integrity’ in terms of modification of longer term trends, adaptationin terms on adverse impacts on water and food security and support provided interms of technology transfer to ensure ‘completeness’ of the review (Para 92,93 and 95);
· stocktake should be based on the entire range of information submitted (Para 100) and should consider the global transformation focusing on how the carbon budget is being used and a global action plan for joint development and transfer of innovative seed and energy technologies(Para 102); and
· modalities and procedures of the compliance committeeshould review implementation and recommend specific steps for enhanced international cooperation (Para 104).
SBSTA has an important role in determining the context of ‘sustainable development and eradication of poverty’ and the flexibility in implementation based on differentiated responsibilities and capacities and national circumstances will have to be incorporated in the guidelines. This role includes unresolved political elements - how assessments of the IPCC will inform the stocktake in the context of sustainable development and eradication of poverty (Para 101) by identifying how methodological choices impact on the policy debate;framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development in Art 6.8 (Para 40) to focus on modalities for joint development and sharing of specific seed and renewable energy technologies.
Since objections even were raised by developed countries on a clear definition of what climate finance consists of, STA will determine modalities for accounting financial resources in Art 9.7 (Para 58) along with elaboration of the technology framework (Para68) to focus on financing for technologies ready for transfer and the barriers, along with identifying the information needed (Art 10.5, 10,6 and Para 56) for setting the new collective quantified finance goal in 2018 (Para 54).
The adaptation efforts still need to be recognized “in accordance with modalities to be adopted”, and the Adaptation Committee will determine the nature of and needs of developing countries in the stocktakeand the specific weightage to be given to the impacts on sustainable development and eradication of poverty (Art 7.3, 7.4, 7.6 and Para 42) and the methodology for assessing adaptation needs (Para43.b) and reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support referre