le.
- The coat of arms of Serbia has a white bicephalic eagle of the House of Nemanjić.
- The coat of arms of Syria formerly had the eagle of Saladin.
- The Great Seal of the United States has a bald eagle.
- The coat of arms of Yemen depicts a golden eagle with a scroll between its claws.
- The coat of arms of Zambia has an orange red eagle on top.
- The Polish and the Serbian eagles are distinguished by their white color.
- Persian Empire: the symbol of the Persian Army was an eagle.
- The Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt used it as their seal.
- Napoleon I used the Roman golden eagle as the symbol of his new French empire.
- The Romans used it on the standards of their armies. From this derives:
- The late Byzantine Empire chose a two-headed golden eagle as its symbol. It is popularly that one head symbolised ancient Rome, and the other head symbolized "new Rome" at Constantinople. From this derives:
- After his crowning as the new Roman Emperor, Charlemagne adopted the ancient Roman eagle as his own symbol. The Holy Roman Empire born of his kingdom took the eagle. From this derives:
- The Austrian Empire had a two-headed eagle as its symbol. After the abolition of Austria-Hungary, Austria took as its symbol a one-headed eagle in the modern coat of arms of Austria.
- Prussia, and later Germany have used a black eagle as their national symbol.
- The Spanish Catholic monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand, used the eagle as a part of the royal shield representing Saint John the Evangelist. The eagle was again on the Spanish shield under the Francoist regime and the transition to Democracy (1939–1981).
- The Seljuk and Ottoman Turks both used a double-headed eagle in their coats-of-arms.
- During the 1930s and 1940s, Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany used a black eagle with its wings outstretched and clutching a swastika as its insignia.
- "There are four major groups of eagles: fish eagles, booted eagles, snake eagles and giant forest eagles."
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-15-6
- Shlaer, Robert (1972). "An Eagle's Eye: Quality of the Retinal Image" (PDF). Science 176 (4037): 920–922. doi:10.1126/science.176.4037.920. PMID 5033635. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- Leclerc, Georges Louis, Comte de Buffon (2010). The Natural History of Birds: From the French of the Count de Buffon; Illustrated with Engravings, and a Preface, Notes, and Additions, by the Translator. Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-108-02298-9.
- Grambo, Rebecca L. (2003). Eagles. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-89658-363-4.
- Grambo, Rebecca L (2003). Eagles. Voyageur Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-89658-363-4.
- Stinson, Christopher H (1979). "On the Selective Advantage of Fratricide in Raptors". Evolution 33 (4): 1219–1225. doi:10.2307/2407480. JSTOR 2407480.
- Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, D. (2001). Raptors of the World. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-8026-1.
- "Amazing Bird Records". Trails.com. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
- Watson, Jeff (2011). The Golden Eagle: Second Edition. ISBN 978-0-30017-019-1.
- Sutton, C.; Dunne, P.; Sibley, D. (1989). Hawks in Flight: The Flight Identification of North American Migrant Raptors. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-3955-1022-8.
- Ferguson-Lees, et al.)
- del Hoyo, J; Elliot, A; Sargatal, J (1996). Handbook of the Birds of the World 3. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-20-2.
- Gamauf, A., Preleuthner, M., and Winkler, H. (1998). "Philippine Birds of Prey: Interrelations among habitat, morphology and behavior" (PDF). The Auk 115 (3): 713–726. doi:10.2307/4089419. JSTOR 4089419.
- Morgan, A.M. "The spread and weight of the Wedge-tailed Eagle" (PDF). South Australian Ornithologist 11: 156–157.
- Wood, Gerald (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
- Stalcup, Carolyn. "All About Eagles". The American Eagle Foundation. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- Rutledge, Hope. "Eagles of the World". American Bald Eagle Information. Retrieved 11 June 2014. from Grambo