 only to "commoners". If excessive use was made of common land, for example in overgrazing, a common would be "stinted", that is, a limit would be put on the number of animals each commoner was allowed to graze. These regulations were responsive to demographic and economic pressure; thus rather than let a common become degraded, access was restricted even further. This important part of actual historic practice was absent from the economic model of Hardin.  In reality the use of common land in England and Wales was a triumph of conserving a scarce resource using agreed custom and practice.
- overgrazing consequences in region: 2010 Sahel famine
Overgrazing does not necessarily mean total denudation of the land. Overgrazing can also occur with native species. In the Australian Capital Territory, Australia the local government, in 2013, authorised the culling of 1455 kangaroos due to overgrazing.
- Laduke, Winona (1999). All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life. Cambridge, MA: South End Press. p. 146. ISBN 0896085996. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- Duval, Clay. "Bison Conservation: Saving an Ecologically and Culturally Keystone Species" (PDF). Duke University. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 8, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
- In balance with, and accompanied by, prides of keystone predators.
- "Holistic Land Management: Key to Global Stability" by Terry Waghorn. Forbes. 20 December 2012.
- Savory, Allan. "How to green the world's deserts and reverse climate change". youtube.com. TED. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- Savory, Allan. "Can sheep save the planet?". youtube.com. IWTOCHANNEL. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- West Virginia University Extension Service Archived 2009-04-23 at the Wayback Machine Overgrazing Can Hurt Environment, Your Pocketbook Ed Rayburn. 2000.
- C.Michael Hogan. 2009. Overgrazing. Encyclopedia of Earth. Sidney Draggan, topic ed.; Cutler J. Cleveland, ed., National council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC
- Garrett Hardin, "The Tragedy of the Commons", Science, Vol. 162, No. 3859 (December 13, 1968), pp. 1243-1248. Also available here and here.
- Susan Jane Buck Cox - "No tragedy on the Commons" Journal of Environmental Ethics, Vol 7, Spring 1985 
- "The Deadliest Conflict You've Never Heard of". Foreign Policy. 23 January 2019.
- "The battle on the frontline of climate change in Mali". BBC News. 22 January 2019.