 be read at the index pointer.
80 Direction of Object Read the Index Pointer (280) Put the Red in Bed
81 FOLLOWING A BEARING To follow a given bearing in the field, perform the following steps: 1. Rotate the compass housing so that the desired bearing corresponds to the index pointer. 2. Hold the compass steady and level, and turn your entire body until the orienting arrow is under and parallel to the coloured end of the magnetic needle (Put the Red in the Bed). 3. The direction of travel arrow now points in the desired direction. 4. To travel on the bearing, sight a distant object on the route, put the compass away and walk towards it. When this is reached, sight another landmark along the route and continue to your destination.
82 Direction of Travel
83 BACK BEARINGS A back bearing is the 180 o opposite of a bearing. A back bearing is used to return to one s starting position, by traveling backwards along the original bearing. Examples: The back bearing of 35 o 215 o. The back bearing of 290 o is 110 o. is
84 Direction of Travel Back Bearing = 100
85 MAP ORIENTATION A map is orientated when it is turned by the map reader to correspond with the ground it represents. The following describes two methods for orientating a map: 1. Compass Method Set compass to North Place orientating lines on compass parallel to North on the map. Rotate map until red goes in the bed.
86 MAP ORIENTATION 2. Distant Objects Method Find two objects/natural landmarks that are also distinct on the map. Stand between the two objects. Orientate the map to line up with the objects.
87 1. Open Bush Navigation BASIC COMPASS NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES In open country where visibility extends to 50m or more, accurate navigation is best achieved by sighting on an object (ie. tree, boulder, etc.) in the correct direction and as far away as possible. Keep an eye on this object and walk towards it. The more distinctive the object, the easier it will be to identify especially if you lose sight of it for a while. Once you have reached the object, stand close to it and sight on another, further along the line of travel. In this manner you can walk comfortably in between checkpoints without constantly referring to the compass.
88 BASIC COMPASS NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES 2. Thick Bush Navigation Leapfrogging If bushes and trees are close together, it is not possible to travel as in open bush. With a minimum of two people traveling together, person A goes out ahead as far as possible, but still visible to person B. B then sights on A with the compass and moves that person left or right so that they move on to the desired line of travel. B then walks to A and the cycle is repeated as long as thick bush obscures the path ahead. This method is also useful for night navigation or navigation during conditions of low visibility (ie. snow and fog)
89 The leapfrog navigation technique
90 BASIC COMPASS NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES 3. Navigation Around Small Obstacles If an obstacle such as a small pond or bog is encountered, sight with the compass on an object on the opposite side which is close to your direction of travel. Walk around to that object and proceed as before.
91 Continue Bearing 50 degrees Obstacle Travel Bearing 50 degrees Navigating Around a Small Obstacle
92 BASIC COMPASS NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES 4. Navigation Around Large Obstacles Offsetting When a large obstacle is encountered that can not be sighted across, it may be necessary to divert the traverse to avoid the obstacle. Walk at a right angle to the traverse direction far enough to avoid the obstacle, counting paces. Turn back to the traverse direction and walk past the obstacle. Turn a right angle in the opposite direction and walk back towards the original line of travel, counting the same number of paces as before. You should now be on the original traverse line and ready to proceed forward.
93 100 paces at 140 degrees Continue at 50 degrees Large Rock face 100 Paces At 50 degrees 100 Paces at 320 degrees 50 Degrees Using an offset to navigate around a large obstacle
94 Pacing DISTANCE MEASUREMENT IN THE FIEL