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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Here, we systematically explore the association between SES and brain anatomy through MRI in a group of 23 healthy year-old children with a wide range of parental SES. We confirm behaviorally that language is one of the cognitive domains most affected by SES. A lower SES is associated with smaller volumes of gray matter in bilateral hippocampi, middle temporal gyri, left fusiform and right inferior occipito-temporal gyri, according to both volume- and surface-based morphometry. Moreover, we identify local gyrification effects in anterior frontal regions, supportive of a potential developmental lag in lower SES children. In contrast, we found no significant association between SES and white matter architecture. These findings point to the potential neural mediators of the link between unfavourable environmental conditions and cognitive skills.
Childhood socioeconomic status cSES is found to predict later-life cognitive abilities, yet the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. The objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the direct and indirect paths through which cSES influences late midlife cognitive outcomes. At mean ages 20 and 62, participants completed a standardized test for general cognitive ability GCA. The age 62 cognitive assessment also included in-person tests of processing speed, episodic memory, abstract reasoning, working memory, verbal fluency, visual-spatial ability, and executive functions. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine the direct path effects and indirect path effects of cSES through age 20 GCA, adult SES, and cognitive leisure activities on seven cognitive outcomes at age 62, adjusting for age, ethnicity, and non-independence of observations.
Socioeconomic status and genetic influences on cognitive development
Research on the heritability of IQ inquires into the proportion of variance in IQ that is attributable to genetic variation within a population. The heritability of IQ increases with age and reaches an asymptote at 18—20 years of age and continues at that level well into adulthood. However, poor prenatal environment, malnutrition and disease are known to have lifelong deleterious effects.
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What role do genetic and environmental influences play in determining intelligence? This question has been one of the most controversial topics throughout the history of psychology and remains a hot topic of debate to this day. In addition to disagreements about the basic nature of intelligence, psychologists have spent a great amount of time and energy debating the various influences on individual intelligence. The debate focuses on one of the major questions in psychology: Which is more important— nature or nurture? Today, psychologists recognize that both genetics and the environment play a role in determining intelligence.
Neurology & Stroke
To address this issue, we developed an internet-based paired-associates learning PAL task and tested 59, participants between the ages of 18— FH was associated with lower PAL performance in both sexes under 65 years old. Here we show, FH is associated with reduced PAL performance four decades before the typical onset of AD; additionally, several heritable and non-heritable modifiers of this effect were identified.
Regret for the inconvenience: we are taking measures to prevent fraudulent form submissions by extractors and page crawlers. O, Kochi — , Kerala, India, Tel Received: April 24, Published: August 25, J Neurol Stroke 1 4 : DOI: Download PDF. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.
Distribution of cognitive A and motor B scores at age 4. Bars indicate the distribution of the stud