onally with no need to tweak every point separately. This effect of this tool can be only seen on open paths.
Warp Tool Group
A group of tools worth mentioning are the Warp Tools group (Shift + R). Although these tools do not transform object in the usual way, they still deform the shape significantly, so I think we can briefly overview them. Within this group, there are eight tools that affect the shape of an object locally in various ways. From warp to wrinkle, to bloat, to pucker, they add anchor points and segments to the object deforming it drastically.
Section 3. Transforming with Menu
We've learned how to use the transformation tools to change the object's parameters - position, size, angle, shape, and others. Still, in Illustrator there are always multiple ways of doing one action. Let's try to perform transformation with appropriate menu commands: Object > Transform.
All the usual transformation types we observed (move, scale, rotate, reflect, and shear) can be performed with appropriate menu commands from Object > Transform.
They work just like the tools described above, only you can't change the reference point from the object's center, and transformations can't be performed manually. When you access the submenu (for example, Object > Transform > Scale) the dialog pops-up similar with one of the appropriate tools. Simply insert the desired parameters and press OK to apply or Copy to duplicate an object.
The most important shortcut about transformation, to my mind, is Object > Transform > Transform Again feature (Command + D). This command repeats the last transformation applied with the same parameters, be that move, scaling with altered reference point, or rotation with duplicating.
This useful feature allows one to create very interesting effects - for instance, from a simple object transformed again several times we can get a nice flower. Transform again can be really helpful in many cases, so just remember this shortcut: Command + D.
Reset Bounding Box
We've already spoken about the bounding box and its role in transformation. It represents a rectangle touching object borders from four sides (top, bottom, left, and right). However, you may notice that the bounding box is oftentimes altered when the object is transformed - for instance, after rotation by 45 degreed the bounding box will no longer be a perfectly positioned rectangle, as the angle will be changed.
Still, you may face a need to change the view of bounding box back to frontal rectangle with horizontal and vertical sides. To do it, go to Object > Transform > Reset Bounding Box. It will be changed back to the default rectangle, while the object remains rotated by 45 degrees.
Transform Each (Several Objects)
As you may have guessed, it is possible to transform not only one separate object, but a group of objects. To do it, simply select all the objects you need (holding down Shift will add an object to selection).
However, in this case the virtual bounding box will be drawn around all the objects. This means that, for instance, rotation will be performed as if it was one large object, according to the bounding box. Still, we sometimes need to transform all the selected objects separately - say, rotate them. Here is when Transform each works best.
Select all the objects you need and go to Object > Transform > Transform Each (Alt + Shift + Command + D). You'll see a dialog with numerous parameters. All the transformation methods are combined there, so you may enter horizontal and vertical move, horizontal and vertical scale, rotation angle, reflection along X or Y axis, and also change a transformation point from center to any bounding box handle in a little proxy on the right. All selected objects will be transformed separately, and you can also press Copy to duplicate them. Another useful feature is the Random checkbox, check it if you want objects to transform randomly.
Transform Each (One Object)
I want to mention one more creative way of using the Transform Each command. Remember the Transform again feature? Unfortunately, it memorizes only one