as when an Indonesian/English bilingual says:
Subahanallah...... yang namanya parent mah always pray for all of you. Berharap all of you be success. That's way, belajarlah seriously.
This kind of code switching occurs at a clause or sentence boundary, where each clause or sentence is in one language or the other, as when an English Departments student says:
Thank you, jempolers... what i meant, we need curriculum-based "link and match". Ya, kalau kebetulan litaracy-nya ngomongin menu mulu... bukan salah sekolah kalau anak jadi bisa masak. This last may also occur as speakers take turns.
4. Establishing continuity with the previous speaker
This kind of code switching occurs to continue the utterance of the previous speaker, as when one Indonesian speaker speaks in English and then the other speaker tries to respond in English also. Yet, that speaker can also switch again to bahasa Indonesia. For instance:
R1 : si pinky copas terus..haha
R2 : Hhahaaa... Lagii 'thinkless' maw...
R1 : thinkless do more..haha
R2 : thinkless pastemore! ;D
R1 : haha kreatip
5. Involving a change of pronounciation
This kind of code switching occurs at the phonological level, as when Indonesian people say an English word, but modify it to Indonesian phonological structure. For instance, the word ‘strawberry’ is said to be ‘stroberi’ by Indonesian people.
Those are the type of code switching. The people surely also have reasons why he or she switches their native language into English. Here are the reasons for bilinguals to switch or mix their languages according to Hoffman (1991:116):
1. Talking about a particular topic
People sometimes prefer to talk about a particular topic in one language rather than in another. Sometimes, a speaker feels free and more comfortable to express their emotional feelings in a language that is not their everyday language.
2. Quoting somebody else
People sometimes like to quote a famous expression or saying of some well-known figures. In Indonesian, those well-known figures are mostly from some English-speaking countries. Then, because many of the Indonesian people nowadays are good at English, those famous expressions or sayings can be quoted intact in their original language.
3. Being emphatic about something
Usually, when someone who is talking using a language that is not his native tongue suddenly wants to be emphatic about something, he/she, either intentionally or unintentionally, will switch from his second language to his first language. Or, on the other hand, there are some cases where people feel more convenient to be emphatic in their second language rather than in their first language.
4. Interjection (Inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors)
Language switching and language mixing among bilingual or multilingual people can sometimes mark an interjection or sentence connector. It may happen unintentionally or intentionally.
5. Repetition used for clarification
When a bilingual wants to clarify his/her speech so that it will be understood more by the listener, he/she can sometimes use both of the languages that he masters saying the same utterance (the utterance is said repeatedly).
6. Intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor
When bilingual talks to another bilingual, there will be lots of code switching and code mixing occur. It means to make the content of his/her speech runs smoothly and can be understood by the hearer.
7. Expressing group identity
Code switching and code mixing can also be used to express group identity. As it has been mentioned previously, the way of communication of academic people in their disciplinary groupings, are obviously different from other groups. In other words, the way of communication of one community is different from the people who are out of the community (Barnett, 1994: 7).
E. Procedure of Research
This part presents the method of research, respondents, data resources, technique of data, and technique of data analysis. Each of them will be briefly described as follow:
1. Method of Research
In conducting this qualitative research, the resea