round the point, assigned in the proxy. Skewing with the panel, however, is less flexible than with the appropriate tool. After shearing, the angle will be changed back to 0 automatically.
To mirror an object (or reflect) with the Transform panel, go to the panel flyout menu and choose Flip horizontal or Flip vertical. The selected object will be reflected along the axis going through the chosen transformation point. Flip horizontal reflects horizontally - using vertical axis. Flip vertical reflects vertically - using horizontal axis.
In the flyout menu of the Transform panel you can choose Scale Strokes and Effects if you want all the strokes and effects applied to a selected object to be transformed along with object itself. Also you may choose to either transform objects or patterns applied to it as a fill, or both. The same options can be chosen in every transformation tool we learned above - simply by checking the appropriate checkbox in a tool dialog.
Section 6. Transforming Separate Elements
When speaking about transformation, we considered separate objects or groups of objects. However, transformation may be applied to parts of one object, like anchor points or segments. This does not apply to the Transform panel, as it only works with entire objects.
Just like entire objects, segments may be transformed in Illustrator with the appropriate tools or menu commands. To do it, select a segment of the object (the part of path between two anchor points) with the Direct Selection Tool (A) - white arrow. Now you can use the transformation tools or menu commands (move, scale, rotate, reflect, and shear) to change the shape of the segment. Keep in mind, however, that for moving a segment you should use the Direct Selection Tool - simply drag it where you need, or press Enter to insert exact move values.
Transforming Anchor Points
The same rules apply to anchor points. To transform an anchor point, select it with the Direct Selection Tool (A). Now you will see the handles - the guides attached to the point that condition a direction of the path. The transformation will be applied to these handles. Use the transform tools or menu commands to change their direction. Again, don't use the Selection Tool (V) for moving points, as it only works with entire objects - choose the Direct Selection Tool to move anchor points. The Transform again feature also works with separate elements, also reference point can be changed just like with entire objects.
Section 7. Dynamic Transformation
All the transformation methods we described above are so-called destructive methods - they change the shape of an object. There are, however, ways of altering an object with non-destructive transformation. This is done with Illustrator Effects. This transformation embodiment can be applied to entire objects only, it does not work with separate points or segments.
Advantages of Effects
Adobe Illustrator Effects allows one to apply transformation or any other change as a style, when the initial object shape is kept intact. In this case all effects are shown in the Appearance panel (Shift + F6) and are fully editable. You can duplicate, delete, change settings of any effect applied to the object in the Appearance panel. If you want to apply all the effects applied to an object, go to Object > Expand. There are plenty of outstanding effects in the Effects menu, but we'll only learn how to work with Transform effect in this tutorial.
In the Effect > Distort & Transform > Transform is hidden an important transformation command. It's a dialog that looks pretty much like the Transform Each window - the same options for scale, move, rotate, flip, and random. All usual transformation tools are combined here in one effect. The only one field we didn't see before is number of copies. Here you cam enter how many copies of the object you want transformed.
Enter all the settings you need for every field and apply - the effect will be shown in the Appearance panel. Now you can go back any second and tweak the settings of the Transform effect, changing dynamically any 