stants. Because the formula to determine an electron’s Compton wavelength is, naturally the modified version of this Equation (17) is true. When we logically rewrite the Planck constant from Equation (11) into Equation (12) to include the frequency of a photon, we notice that non-frequency components are always constant, and this constant can be rewritten (defined) as h, a new constant.
While differing from historical development, we interpret (17) to mean not only that “and h are the same” but to mean that “is defined as h for sake of simplicity”. Therefore, this paper does not claim the discovery of any relationship in Equation (17). However, because the Planck constant has historically been presumed to be a comparative constant used in Planck’s harmonic oscillator energy quantum hypothesis and Einstein’s light quantum hypothesis, it has taken on the image of being a discovered universal constant.
According to existing theory, Equation (11) and Equation (12) have been thought to have similar importance. However, according to our discussion, Equation (11) is the more fundamental of the two. Equation (12) is merely Equation (11) rewritten to also include frequency. The right side of Equation (19), the product of the physical quantities except for frequency, is a steady value.
In this paper, we conclude that, theoretically, the Planck constant h first comes into existence as a constant once we agree to name as h. However, we have historically overlooked this agreement (definition). Then, the energy of a photon was presumed from the beginning to be proportional with its frequency; this proportional constant was named the Planck constant, and was considered to be a mysterious universal constant that ruled over the micro-world which could not be explained by classical mechanics.
There is no problem with introducing h to simplify equations, but quantum mechanics is not affected even if there is no symbol h. Although it is bothersome, one can get by writing instead of h. If one wishes to retain the Planck constant as a physical constant, then h must be downgraded to an atomic or nuclear constant containing and.
However, the purpose of this paper is not to drag down the Planck constant from its position as a universal constant. I put together this paper to sound an alarm among physicists because the tendency to treat the Planck constant as sacred is too strong.
The physicists at the beginning of the 20th century overestimated the Planck constant, and this gave rise to universal constants that do not exist in the natural world in itself.
I would like to express my thanks to the staff at ACN Translation Services for their translation assistance.
 Suto, K. (2019) The Relationship Enfolded in Bohr’s Quantum Condition and a Previously Unknown Formula for Kinetic Energy. Applied Physics Research, 11, 19-34.
 Suto, K. (2020) The Incompleteness of Quantum Mechanics Demonstrated by Considerations of Relativistic Kinetic Energy. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 8, 210-217.