ined first. This can be accomplished by using the compass as a protractor to determine the bearing.
74 DETERMINING BEARINGS FROM A MAP The following 5 steps outline the procedure for determining a bearing with a compass: 1. With a sharp pencil, lightly draw a line between the departure and destination points. 2. Align the long edge of the compass along the line with the direction of travel arrow point towards the destination point.
75 DETERMINING BEARINGS FROM A MAP 3. Holding the compass in this position, rotate the compass housing until the meridian lines on the base are aligned with the north-south grid lines on the map, with the orientating arrow pointing north. 4. Read the bearing on the compass housing at the index pointer. This is the grid bearing. 5. Add the declination(21) to the grid bearing to determine the magnetic bearing.
76 Determining A Bearing From the Map Line of Travel Drawn on Map Index Pointer Read at 14 (grid bearing) Meridian Lines = 35 Degrees Magnetic Bearing
77 DETERMINING BEARINGS FROM A MAP EXERCISE Using the provided Searcher Map, determine the magnetic bearings for the following: A. From SCHOOL to ESGSAR BUS. B. From ESGSAR BUS to CAMP. C. From CAMP to waypoint #4. D. From waypoint 4 to SCHOOL. E. From ESGSAR BUS to SCHOOL.
78 DETERMINING BEARINGS FROM A MAP ANSWERS A) SCHOOL to ESGSAR BUS: 20 magnetic B) ESGSAR BUS to CAMP: 110 magnetic C) CAMP to Waypoint #4: 262 magnetic D) Waypoint 4 to SCHOOL: 274 magnetic E) ESGSAR BUS to SCHOOL: 200 magnetic
79 TAKING A COMPASS BEARING To determine the bearing of a particular object or direction in the field, perform the following steps: 1. Hold the compass steady and level at chest height, and point the direction of travel arrow in the direction of an object or in the direction that you want to travel. This can also be done using the sighting mirror. 2. Rotate the compass housing until the orienting arrow is under and parallel to the coloured end of the magnetic needle (Put the Red in the Bed). 3. The bearing is now set on the compass and may be read at the index pointer.
80 Direction of Object Read the Index Pointer (280) Put the Red in Bed
81 FOLLOWING A BEARING To follow a given bearing in the field, perform the following steps: 1. Rotate the compass housing so that the desired bearing corresponds to the index pointer. 2. Hold the compass steady and level, and turn your entire body until the orienting arrow is under and parallel to the coloured end of the magnetic needle (Put the Red in the Bed). 3. The direction of travel arrow now points in the desired direction. 4. To travel on the bearing, sight a distant object on the route, put the compass away and walk towards it. When this is reached, sight another landmark along the route and continue to your destination.
82 Direction of Travel
83 BACK BEARINGS A back bearing is the 180 o opposite of a bearing. A back bearing is used to return to one s starting position, by traveling backwards along the original bearing. Examples: The back bearing of 35 o 215 o. The back bearing of 290 o is 110 o. is
84 Direction of Travel Back Bearing = 100
85 MAP ORIENTATION A map is orientated when it is turned by the map reader to correspond with the ground it represents. The following describes two methods for orientating a map: 1. Compass Method Set compass to North Place orientating lines on compass parallel to North on the map. Rotate map until red goes in the bed.
86 MAP ORIENTATION 2. Distant Objects Method Find two objects/natural landmarks that are also distinct on the map. Stand between the two objects. Orientate the map to line up with the objects.
87 1. Open Bush Navigation BASIC COMPASS NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES In open country where visibility extends to 50m or more, accurate navigation is best achieved by sighting on an object (ie. tree, boulder, etc.) in the correct direction and as far away as possible. Keep an eye on this object and walk towards it. The more distinctive the object, the easier it will be to identify especially if you lose sight of it for a while. Once you have reached the object, stand c