ls the need for further basic research into fly pollination systems, and into the natural fluctuations in dipteran abundance. The main impediment to implementing any of the large-scale studies recommended is that intensive collecting efforts produce large numbers of species that require identification. Fly species identifications are often difficult, and the number of fly taxonomists is limited. Revisions in taxonomy of certain groups may mean re-evaluating original sample material from historical collections. These problems are not unique to Diptera, but are common to any large-scale insect collections.
The abundance and diversity of anthophilous flies, their role in pollination systems, and their multiplicity of larval roles indicate that dipteran declines would probably affect multiple levels within communities. The development of checklists for specific areas (e.g., Biosphere Reserves or National Parks) would be a useful first effort (Disney 1986). Resampling in areas of well-documented studies would provide much needed data that would allow us to evaluate the conservation status of the group. Habitat conservation will ultimately be the most effective tool in conserving pollinating Diptera.
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