According to GNU Hurd Architecture the GNU operating system was originally designed to be used with the GNU Hurd kernel which is a microkernel architecture.How is it that hobbyists were able to combine the Linux kernel with GNU software to create GNU/Linux systems if Linux is a monolithic design? Does the Linux kernel replace GNU components like application IPC, device drivers, file system, etc. or was there a major effort to bring these GNU user mode utilities into kernel mode? If the latter is true, how difficult was it to do that?
How are GNU system utilities compatible with Linux?
linux kernel;gnu