A lower bound of the needed number of comparision to build a heap is given by GASTON H. GONNET and J. IAN MUNRO as followingTHEOREM 4. $1.3644... n + O(lg n)$ comparisons are necessary, not only in the worst  case, but also on the average to create a heap on n elements.Proof - A reasonably straightforward enumeration shows that there are $H(n)=n !/\prod t_i$ valid heaps on a set on n numbers where $t_i$ is the size of the heap rooted at  node $i$. A lower bound on the average number of comparisons required to permit one  of $n!$ possible input sequences to one of these orders is $$\lg(n!/H(n))=\sum \lg t_i.$$I understand how the number of valid heap is calculated. But I don't know information theory so I can't see how the last equation is the lower bound. Is there any theorem or book I can check to see how this works?
Lower bound of the time complexity of heap building
ds.algorithms
It is essentially using decision tree model to obtain the lower-bound. There are $n!/H(n)$ leafs in the decision tree, it is a binary tree, therefore the height of the tree is at least $\lg (n!/H(n))$.