This algorithm, which I have included its flowchart as well, takes an array of A[n], which is unsorted and unmutatable and an array of B[k], which is sorted and includes n zeroes and then merges, and sorts them together. The entire code in Python and C# can be found here and on this very post.In C#:class Program{    static void Main(string[] args)    {        var inputA = Console.ReadLine();        var inputB = Console.ReadLine();        char[] delimiter = { ' ', ',', '-' };        string[] inputASplit = inputA.Split(delimiter, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);        string[] inputBSplit = inputB.Split(delimiter, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);        int[] listA = new int[inputASplit.Length];        int[] listB = new int[inputBSplit.Length];        for (int i = 0; i < inputASplit.Length; i++)        {            listA[i] = int.Parse(inputASplit[i]);        }        for (int i = 0; i < inputBSplit.Length; i++)        {            listB[i] = int.Parse(inputBSplit[i]);        }        int[] concatinatedList = MergeSort(listA, listB);        foreach (var number in concatinatedList)        {            Console.WriteLine(number);        }        Console.ReadKey();    }    static int[] ParseListA(int[] ListA)    {        List<int> newListA = ListA.ToList();        newListA.Sort();        return newListA.ToArray();    }    static int CountZeros(int[] ListB)    {        int zeroCount = 0;        for (int i = 0; i < ListB.Length; i++)        {            if (ListB[i] == 0)            {                zeroCount += 1;            }        }        if (zeroCount == 0)        {            throw new Exception(List B doesn't contain any Zeroes.);        }        return zeroCount;    }    static int[] MergeSort(int[] listA, int[] listB)    {        int[] newListA = ParseListA(listA);        int zeroCount = CountZeros(listB);        int[] newListB = new int[listB.Length - zeroCount];        if (newListA.Length != zeroCount)        {            throw new Exception(There weren't enough buffers!);        }         for (int i = 0; i < listB.Length; i++)        {            if (listB[i] != 0)            {                for (int j = 0; j < newListB.Length; j++)                {                    newListB[j] = listB[i];                }            }        }        int[] concatenatedList = newListA.Concat(newListB).ToArray();        Array.Sort(concatenatedList);        return concatenatedList;    }In Python:def ParseListA(listA):    newListA = sorted(listA);    return newListA;def MergeSort(listA, listB):    newListA = ParseListA(listA);        zeroCount = 0;    for number in listB:        if number == 0:            zeroCount += 1;    if zeroCount == 0:        raise ValueError(Needs zeros!);        return;    newlistB = [i for i in listB if i != 0];    return sorted(newListA+newlistB);def Main():    listAInput = input(Enter List A: ).split(' ');    listBInput = input(Enter List B: ).split(' ');    listA = [int(i) for i in listAInput];    listB = [int(i) for i in listBInput];    print(MergeSort(listA, listB));Main()
Algorithm for two languages that merges and sorts two arrays without mutating one
c#;python;array;sorting