I often want a day given a date. Is there a quick Google query that will immediately give me the calendar day given a date, in the same way that I get an immediate result for the queries 23*35 and time in China?[To clarify, I want a query of the type day of 22 December 2012 that will return Saturday.] 
Google search to give day given date
google search;calendar
Not exactly what you are looking fornot a Google solution, but you can ask Wolfram Alpha for this information. See for example, what day was May 12, 1862.