I powerwashed my device, so that it would be 'brand new,' but now I don't have sudo access. I am using a Toshiba Chromebook 1, which is a linux device. What is the default root password? 
What is the default root password for a Toshiba Chromebook 1?
chrome book;toshiba
It looks like you should be able to access sudo without a password when no password is set. As stated from the linked source:By default, you can login as the chronos user with no password.  This includes the ability to do password-less sudo.To access the virtual terminal press CTRL + ALT + =>. Where => is the right arrow key just above the number 3 on your keyboard (it should be F2).source