I'm researching the topic of succinct tree representations right now and came across this presentation. On slide 17 there is an example of heap-like notation of a BST (using BFT bit-vectors) and the author claims that the amount of bits needed to represent a tree of $n$ elements (without their values) is exactly $2n+1$. According to my calculations, it's $2n-1$. Here they are:As in this representation every BST is represented as a complete tree, for the complete tree of height $k$ it has $2^{k+1}-1$ nodes.On average for $n$ nodes tree has a height of $log_2n$.Replacing the $k$ from the first list item with the average BST height from the second list item I received:$$2^{log_2n+1}-1=2n-1$$What am I missing in my calculations? Where do these 2 extra bits come from?Thanks in advance for your answer!  
Heap-like notation of a BST (BFT bit-vectors) for succinct representation
binary trees;search trees;succinct data structures
You can count it like this:Let $n$ be the original number of nodesEach original node has 2 children after adding the external nodes. So 1 bit for the original node and 2 for its children. Total $3n$ bits.But we are over counting here because original node is child of one other original node. So we subtract $n$ and get $2n$. But we over corrected the count because root node has no parent so we add back 1 bit. $2n + 1$. 