The Power Elite Playbook - Asia
11-30-2008, 11:10 PM
The Power Elite Playbook - Asia
<span style="font-family:Franklin Gothic Medium">China, Japan & The Bankers<!--fontc--><!--/fontc-->
Burn all, steal all and kill all was the official policy of Japan's imperialistic military and paramilitary groups like the Black Ocean and Black Dragon societies. Japanese citizens regarded their emperor as omnipotent or sanctioned by God; therefore obedience to government was deeply entrenched. Weapons technology, driven by the orchestrated Cold War with its staged enemies, has improved. Now it is nuke all, steal all and kill all. The Power Elite prototype, in most nations, reveals their consistent goal of depopulating the earth (to 500 million) and seizing all resources. "Those nations who ignore history are doomed to repeat its tragedies." Or, those U.S. citizens who ignore readily-available history are doomed to suffer the consequences of their deception and ignorance.
During the night of October 7, 1895 Japanese assassins from the secretive terrorist organization Black Ocean Society (Gen'yosha - ultranationalist paramilitary founded by an ex-samurai) entered the private quarters of Korea's queen who had refused Japan's imperialistic demands. They stabbed, slashed and then tossed the kerosene-soaked, screaming Queen Min into a blazing fire in the palace garden. The predictable civil turmoil provided the trumped-up justification for a military occupation facilitated by the Kempeitai (Army military police), the arrest of thousands of dissenting Koreans and the eventual annexation (August 22, 1910) of Korea. The majority of Japanese citizens believed they were in Korea to help. Cloaked in patriotism, humanitarianism and nationalism, ordinary citizens of imperialist nations rarely recognize the covetous, covert agenda of their rulers or more correctly - the banksters and conglomerates that direct their rulers.
With financial backing totaling $196 million from Jacob H. Schiff (who also financed the Russian Revolution of 1917), Kuhn, Loeb Morgan and Rockefeller, resource-poor Japan declared war on Tsarist Russia on February 8, 1904. At war's end on September 5, 1905 and through the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by Theodore Roosevelt, Japan gained the South Manchurian branch of the China Far East Railway which became the South Manchurian Railway (Mantetsu); half was then owned by the Japanese government "with Emperor Hirohito as the largest private shareholder, followed by Mitsui (Japan's first private bank; invested heavily into weapons) and Mitsubishi industrial and banking conglomerates."
Japan gained control of the "Russian interests" in Manchuria which economically destabilized thousands of Russian residents; the commercial port of Dalian and the naval base at Port Arthur. Mitsui and Black Dragon (Kokuryukai - another paramilitary, ultra-nationalist right-wing group) collaborated with the Japan's Kwantung Army (the corporate enforcement arm) to seize Chinese concessions that Mitsui had targeted. Mantetsu employees began "itemizing" Manchurian resources for future confiscation. In Tokyo in September 1905, Black Dragon thugs staged riots, burned churches and engaged in other destructive activities to intimidate the government who considered selling the South Manchurian Railway to Edward H. Harriman who was attempting to build a world-wide railroad network. Amused, Harriman actually witnessed the staged riots in the company of Baron Matsui.7 The Power Elite are voyeuristic!
Japanese rogues, called tairiku ronin, turned the country into a poppy-producing paradise to supply thousands of Japanese-established opium dens throughout China; drugs demoralize and diminish dissent. Heroin-laced cigarettes were even introduced to 10-year old children. Ultimately Japan supplied 90% of the world's illegal suppressive, mind-numbing narcotics. The Power Elite have used other countries, like Afghanistan, Laos and Nicaragua to grow and process drugs. Morphine and heroin produced in army factories were stored in warehouses owned by Mitsui, Mitsubishi and other conglomerates, the same firms that would later use slave labor.
Using a staged provocation in which one expendable Japanese man was killed, hundreds of Yakuza (organized crime groups) and members from the Black Dragon Society along with 90,000 Japanese troops invaded Shanghai, China in January 1932. As a result, 18,000 civilians were slaughtered and 240,000 Chinese lost their homes. The Japanese bombed Shanghai on January 28, 1932 and retreated on March 2, 1932.
To diminish international criticism regarding the massive random rapes of local women during the Shanghai and Nanking (Nanjing) invasions, the Japanese government enticed, deceived, kidnapped, or purchased between eighty thousand to two hundred thousand women, including adolescent girls, from Korea, China, Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia and forced them into sexual slavery (reusable bodies are Power Elite profit centers) in battlefront brothels all over Asia. Only 25 percent of the Comfort Women survived their horrific ordeal. Government involvement is substantiated by a document entitled "Regarding the Recruitment of Women for Military Brothels" uncovered in the Japanese Defense Department's archives in 1991.
In the 1930s Shanghai was rife with drugs, alcohol, gambling and over 100,000 prostitutes. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, head of the Kuomintang (KMT) government, received his share of drug profits from Tu Yueh-sheng, China's most powerful godfather, boss of the Green Gang and a big financial backer of the general. The KMT established the Opium Suppression Bureau which "turned over confiscated opium to the Green Gang for conversion to heroin and morphine." The head of the government's drug control pretext, Du Yuesheng, was an active member of the Green Gang. Highly funded fake, deliberately ineffective "drug wars" are used to transfer wealth to the criminal government class and their cronies while pretending to eliminate the problem. A drug-burdened (illicit or pharmaceutical) country is not evidence of government incompetence but rather complicity.
The Second Sino-Japanese War started on July 7, 1937 when the highly-militarized, submissive-to-authority, morally bankrupt Japan again invaded China. In the first month of the war, nearly a quarter million Chinese, mostly women and children were slaughtered. The war would end on September 9, 1945.
On December 2, 1937, Prince Asaka, uncle of the emperor, replaced General Iwane Matsui, as commander of the Japanese Shanghai Expeditionary Force (SEF), for the invasion of Nanking, China's Nationalist capital at that time. "To preserve his own KMT army, which was his only means of staying in power, Chiang Kai-Shek abandoned all of North China." Although Chiang Kai-shek had a "numeric advantage" he "inexplicably moved his armies and his headquarters" away from Nanking just as the Japanese encircled the city, "the generalissimo decided once more to abandon his civilian population without a fight." The few uninformed KMT forces that remained surrendered on December 13, 1937 with minimal military resistance. Wars are choreographed to produce winners, losers and cultural and geographic changes. Warfare enriches the bankers who fund both sides and their cohorts, the munitions manufacturers.
During the next six weeks Nanking residents were subjected to rape, grisly mutilations, decapitations, arson, looting, burning and live burial, bayonet practice, castration, disembowelment and mass executions. Japanese soldiers also engaged in cannibalism. The noncombatant death toll during that six week period, according to the International Military Tribunal of the Far East (IMTFE, May 3, 1946 to November 12, 1948), was more than 260,000 and may have been as many as 350,000.
Recently declassified documents (December 2007) estimated the number of deaths for Nanking and the surrounding area at about 500,000. Compare that to the civilian casualties for the entire war in European countries: Great Britain - 61,000 civilians; France - 108,000; Belgium - 101,000; and the Netherlands - 242,000. More civilians died in Nanking than in the British air raids on Dresden - 60,000 dead, 30,000 wounded. America's raids on Tokyo - an estimated 80,000 to 120,000 civilian deaths. Estimated deaths at Hiroshima and Nagasaki were 140,000 and 70,000 respectively.
The Asian Holocaust perpetrated by the Japanese military took the life of about 30 million people: Chinese (23 million), Filipinos, Malays, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Indonesians and Burmese. The Nazis purportedly killed six million Jews and 20 million Russians. The U.S. reparations and accountability policies towards Germany and Japan were noticeably and deliberately inequitable though both countries used dehumanizing forced labor, plundered their victims, conducted lethal medical experiments and slaughtered millions while arrogantly viewing themselves and their countries as superior and destined to rule the world. German archives were protected and later declassified, German war criminals were prosecuted and the German government was totally dismantled. Conversely, Japan's postwar records, in the custody of the U.S., are sill highly classified; the Emperor, his cronies and relatives were exonerated by the U.S. and the elite ruling class was restored to power by 1948.
Who and what motivated Japan's brutal activities against its neighbors? Britain detrimentally meddled in Asia in the 19th century and America meddled in Asia in the 20th century - who was behind their actions? Kuhn, Loeb and Company financed Japan's Russian invasion in 1905 while the European Rothschilds financed the Russians which somehow failed to receive timely armament delivery. Russia's objectives, viable in 1895, were an ice-free Pacific port and the acquisition of just enough leased territory for the continuation of her transcontinental railway. The conflict decimated Russia's economy, preparatory to the well-planned revolution based on philosophy from Karl Marx (1818-83). The House of Rothschild, since 1863, had headquarters in four cities: London, Paris, Vienna and Frankfort.
On January 30, 1902, Japan signed the Anglo-Japanese Alliance with Great Britain. Japan would be "the Crown's policeman in Asia," to do the dirty work - the killing and the dying. The alliance included high-interest loans from Rothschild-controlled British banks to finance Japan's armament purchases and ships from British firms. Great Britain then demanded that Russia abandon the Kwantung Peninsula, territory leased from China six years before. Russia had already spent $300 million on improvements. The alliance was renewed after the Russo-Japanese War and in 1911 after Japan's annexation of Korea (part of Japan from 1910 to 1945). As directed, Japan adopted the gold standard. Carroll Quigley stated the following about the gold standard: "As a consequence, many persons, including financiers and economists, were astonished to discover, in the twentieth century, that the gold standard gave stable exchanges and unstable prices." Those who own/control the majority of any commodity, dictate its value, something to consider regarding the 50-year period of regimented Japanese plundering throughout Asia.
As part of the British/Japanese agreement, three hundred British-trained Japanese bankers set up the Japanese banking system. That banking system would create devastating hardships in 1927 and again in the 1990s. Great Britain, challenged with heavy war debt to America's J. P. Morgan, would terminate the 1902 alliance in December 1921. J. P. Morgan and other banks, flush with war profits, focused on investment opportunities in Japan.
Some of Japan's generals had accepted bribes from Vickers-Maxim, the company that weaponized the small island country for the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. Vickers-Maxim tested their weaponry in the Spanish-American War (partly financed by J&W Seligman Co.) for the control of Cuba's white gold (sugar). Vickers-Maxim supplied weapons for the Boer War (1899-1901) to seize the gold and diamond fields of the Witwatersrand. Since those three wars, the Brotherhood of Death has targeted countries receptive to heavy weaponization, a financial windfall to the bankers of death and their cronies, the merchants of death. De-populating war is predictably followed by peace conferences and prudent disarmament, attended by bankers and Kissinger-style politicians. Acquiescent governments junk expensive weapons and shortly replace them with newer, more deadly, more expensive and more profitable weapons.
The Rothschilds were the biggest shareholders of Vickers-Maxim which was the creation, through company consolidations, of Sir Ernest Cassel, personal banker to Edward VII who reigned from January 22, 1901 to May 6, 1910. The king's advisory staff included Leopold and Alfred de Rothschild and various members of the Sassoon family. Cassel was a close friend of Winston Churchill and his father, Randolph, an intimate friend of Nathaniel Rothschild. Cassel made a fortune in Siberian gold mines, steel concerns and railway companies. The House of Rothschild purchased the London-based Reuters International News Agency in the late 1800s. Just in time to propagandize World War I, the House of Rothschild bought control of major news agencies - Havas of France, and Wolff in Germany. British foreign policy and Rothschild foreign policy were one and the same.
Yale University, due to a sizeable donation, was named after Elihu Yale (1649-1721) who was a governor of the British East India Company which began smuggling opium into China beginning in 1773. Yale would be the future home of Skull and Bones (S&B), founded in 1832 by William Russell (opium smuggler). Many S&B member families grew rich through drug dealing: Coffin, Sloane, Taft, Bundy, Payne and Whitney. Averell Harriman (S&B), former Ambassador to Moscow, was business partners with Prescott Bush (S&B), father of George H. W. Bush (S&B), who was appointed Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office to the People's Republic of China from September 26, 1974 - December 7, 1975. Clark T. Randt, Jr., (S&B) is the current U.S. Ambassador to China. Ambassadors are charged with representing U.S. corporate interests.
After Britain's First Opium War (1839-1842) against China, the real power behind the Chinese Emperor was the Soong family who were agents of the House of Sassoon, Jewish multi-national opium traders originally from Baghdad who were later forced to flee to Bombay, India. They obtained exclusive rights from Great Britain to market opium to Shanghai and Hong Kong from which the queen received a healthy share of the millions of dollars of profit. By 1890, about 10 percent of China's total population were opium smokers.10 In 1874, attention was drawn to China's alleged pervasive decadence by members of the Yale School of Divinity - no doubt because of all that opium. So, in 1903, a year after the Japan/Great Britain alliance, Yale Divinity School established schools and hospitals throughout China - known as Yale in China.
The Sassoons preferred to run their financial interests from their luxurious English estates in order to socialize with royalty and other elites like A. J. Balfour, H. G. Wells and the rising Winston Churchill. In addition to drug profits and in order to exploit India's cheap labor force, Albert Sassoon established huge textile mills in Bombay. This early-day outsourcing destabilized the Lancashire mills and devastated the English citizens who depended on the mills for employment. In 1872, despite this economic assault, Albert was knighted by Queen Victoria, both economically unaffected by the collapse in the textile industry. In 1887, Edward Albert Sassoon, son of Sir Albert, married Aline Caroline de Rothschild of the French banking family, grand-daughter of Jacob (James) Mayer Rothschild, son of Mayer.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 - March 12, 1925), revered as the Father of modern China and founder of the Nationalist Party (NP), was born in Guangdong province. He became an American citizen while living with an older brother in Hawaii where he embraced the concept - "government of the people, by the people, for the people." He returned to China in 1883 and was baptized as a Christian. Troubled by British colonialism and exploitation, Dr. Sun left his medical practice and became involved in the reform plot of 1895, an attempt to establish a democracy. The plot failed and several reformers were executed. Dr. Sun escaped. On October 11, 1896, he allegedly was kidnapped and kept prisoner in the Chinese Legation in London (established 1877). He returned to China after the successful coup against the Qing emperor and was proclaimed Provisional President of the new Republic of China on December 29, 1911. He hoped to establish peace, freedom, and equality in the country. However, most of northern China was controlled by unsupportive war lords.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen married Soong Ching-ling, his second wife, one of the Soong sisters, in Japan on October 25, 1915. His brothers-in-law were Harvard-educated Tse-ven Soong, head of the Sassoon-controlled Bank of China, and financier H.H. Kung, Minister of Finance. Tse-ven Soong was the governor of the Central Bank of China and later Minister of Finance (1928 - 1931, 1932 - 1933). The Soong family, with Rothschild/Sassoon money, controlled the Chinese government and had carved up the country into drug regions dominated by warlords. Both the British Crown and the Soong family profited substantially from their mind-destroying, highly addictive opium business.
In 1921, in an attempt to unify China, Dr. Sun established a military government in the Guangzhou (Canton), Guangdong Province in southern China. He was then elected as president and generalissimo. The Whampoa Military Academy was established in 1924 with Chiang Kai-shek as its commandant. The academy was supplied, financed and staffed by Russian military advisors. Sun Yat-sen's principle military advisor, Soviet General Vasily Blucher, had helped found the academy. At least seven hundred cadets were from the Green Gang.
In order to hasten the conquest of the warlords in northern China, he accepted Soviet help and cooperated with local communists after he had been rejected by the western powers (as Ho Chi Minh had been when he petitioned Woodrow Wilson at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference and again by Truman in 1945 and 1946 when he wrote asking for assistance). Sun died of liver cancer on March 12, 1925, at the age of 58 at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital which was founded in 1921 by the Rockefeller Foundation after he established the China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1915 to westernize traditional Chinese medical practices. Millions of Chinese patients connoted major profits.
Sun Yat-sen's death split the Nationalist Party (NP). Right-wing Chiang Kai-shek took over the National Revolutionary Army and left-wing Wang Jingwei took over the national government, the perfect scenario for civil war. With Soviet troops commanded by General Michael Borodin, Chiang Kai-shek looted the vaults of the Rothschild/Sassoon/Soong bank in Shanghai, the nation's banking center. This infuriated the bankers. Tse-ven Soong made Chiang a tempting offer if he would switch loyalties - $3 million in cash, his sister Mai-Ling Soong (the sister of Dr. Sun's widow) and the presidency of China for life. Chiang agreed. He ordered the Russians out of China and became a British agent. When Chiang and Soong were married, Tse-ven Soong presented his sister with his personal mansion.
Chiang Kai-shek married Mai-Ling Soong, the sister of a Rothschild agent, on December 1, 1927 and was "chosen" president of China on October 10, 1928.23 Chiang's new alliances were revealed when he inexplicably abandoned Nanking, then the capital of the Republic of China, and exposed its vulnerable citizens to six weeks of brutal savagery by the invading Japanese beginning on December 13, 1937.
By 1920, Shanghai, the focus of western economic interest, contained the majority of the country's industrial workers and the biggest base of Communist support in China. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) dominated Shanghai's municipal government. The NP and the CCP were officially still allies.24 Yet, on April 12, 1927, acting on orders from the Extraterritorial International Settlements on Shanghai headed by Lord William Johnston Keswick, the Green Gang Syndicate and Chiang Kai-shek, leading the Nationalist Army in a reign of terror, purged the leftists and labor activists from Shanghai in what is referred to as the Shanghai Massacre. They executed 5,000 to 6,000 of those captured and drove the CCP underground. Within six months the Chinese Communist movement was halted as many as twenty-five thousand perished in Shanghai, Nanking, Wusih, Soochow, Changchow, Hangchow, and Canton. Probably, most of those who perished could not even fully elaborate on the Communist ideology but wished to alleviate their own misery and poverty.
Chiang had been introduced to the Green Gang as early as 1906 and was sponsored for membership in 1908 and participated in gang activities as an officer of the Chinese army prior to the 1911 revolution. His police record in the British-administered international settlement in Shanghai included murder, extortion, and armed robbery.
The Green Gang, operating from the French concession, was a criminal cabal and the most powerful secret society in China which was absorbed into the corporate state system after 1932. When opium imports were banned in 1917, drug dealing went underground and the Shanghai traffickers set up their own refineries. Thereafter, illegal drug distribution was dominated by the Green Gang, headed by Tu Yue-sheng who was head of the Chung Wai Bank and chairman of the board of directors of the Commercial Bank of China which made it easy to finance his drug enterprise.
Lord Keswick actually directed China's opium policy through Tse-ven Soong, who carried out the day-to-day business operations for Jardine Matheson from 1927 to 1942. Keswick was the Director of Jardine Matheson and was closely associated with the management of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. Additionally, he was Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council, Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, Director of the Bank of England, Vice-Chairman of Alliance Assurance, and Director of British Petroleum. Shanghai became a drug depot. Earlier, Keswick had collaborated with Sam and Abe Bronfman to found the Pure Drug Company to illegally distribute whiskey into Canada.
In June 1932, Tse-ven Soong resigned as Finance Minister after failing to raise sufficient money to fight communism. He agreed to return if the government of China would resort to opium as a new revenue source which might solve China's financial crisis. Consequently, millions of acres were taken out of food production which greatly impacted food-short China and reduced peasant survival. The worst famine occurred in the Shaanxl Province between 1928 and 1933, wiping out a third of the population. As many as six million lives were lost in four provinces.
Personal freedoms have been under world-wide attack, especially since the inception of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and its spin-off organizations which played a part in the tyrannical control in the Far East. In 1925, the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR) was established in twelve countries. It was financed by the Rockefeller and Carnegie Foundations and controlled by an alliance of Morgan and Rockefeller interests in Wall Street. Other financing came from Standard Oil, IT&T, Vacuum Oil, Shell Oil, International Business Machines (IBM), International General Electric, Time Magazine, J. P. Morgan, National City Bank and Chase National Bank and private individuals with Wall Street connections.
Harry Dexter White and Owen Lattimore, both high-level State Department officials, were members of the IPR and planned the destruction of the Chinese economy. They falsified documents claiming that the Chinese Communists were simply farmers promoting agricultural reform. From 1943-49, popular U.S. magazines, like the Saturday Evening Post and Colliers, sanctioned the Communist movement. Mao Tse-tung, who had fought on the side of Dr. Sun's revolutionaries in 1911, was portrayed as a reformer. In 1945, Lattimore suggested, to President Truman, a Communist/Nationalist coalition government which became the basis of Truman's China policy, announced on December 15, 1945. Dr. Chi Chao-ting, who collaborated with Soviet intelligence agents, worked for the Institute of Pacific Relations, and subsequently became a high Chinese Communist official.
The IPR's party line and the Kremlin's party line emanate from the same source - the left wing of the Hegelian Dialectic (orchestrated opposition). The right-wing is Fascism. Darwin-influenced Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) founded Nietzscheism, a forerunner of the Fascism, embraced after WWI by Mussolini and Hitler. Mussolini's Doctrine of Fascism, co-written by Giovanni Gentile and Marx's earlier Communist Manifesto (1848) provided the polar political opposites that bred the Cold War.
Lattimore left the IPR to assume a post as Chiang Kai-shek's political advisor in 1941. He had been recommended by fellow traveler, Lauchlin Currie, economic advisor to President Roosevelt. The U.S. government predictably adopted the IPR plan to cut aid and ammunition to Chiang Kai-shek, ultimately resulting in the suppression of 600,000,000 Chinese between 1945 and 1949.37 But Chiang got his $3 million, a mansion, a well-connected wife and a relatively cushy life. The Chinese who survived, the so-called, collateral damage, got tyrannical Communism.
12-06-2008, 08:32 PM
The Power Elite Playbook - Asia
<span style="color:#0000FF">The Power Elite Playbook, Corporate Generals
<span style="color:#FF0000">The PhilippineAmerican War
Coincidentally or not, at about the same time that the international bankers were promoting and funding Japan's war-hawk behavior under Emperor Meiji (Hirohito's grandfather) against Korea, China and Manchuria, banker-backed U.S. imperialists were looking for ways to seize productive land and control in Cuba (achieved by the Platt Amendment on March 2, 1901), banish the Spanish and expand into the resource-rich Philippines. William Howard Taft represented U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in a highly confidential meeting in Tokyo with Japanese Prime Minister Katsura on July 27-29, 1905. They agreed that Japan would relinquish economic control of Hawaii and the Philippines to the U.S. while Japan targeted adjacent Asiatic countries. This insidious treaty sealed Korea's death warrant. It was approved by Britain, or rather the British financiers behind the throne who were also funding Japan's warfare.
The Philippines (7,000 islands), a Spanish theocracy by 1575, were on the early trade routes. Chinese merchants had been trading there since the tenth century. Many merchants settled along the coast of Luzon, the largest island. In exchange for Chinese goods, Spanish traders received gold from the New World and silver from Mexico. The Spanish traders would return to Luzon's Manila Bay from Acapulco with ships loaded with precious metals. Thus, Manila became a very important Chinese financial center as early as the sixteenth century. The Chinese middlemen made a reasonable profit and sent the majority of the gold and silver to China to pay for goods. The Spanish, intimidated by Chinese capabilities, unique skills and economic access, denied them citizenship and prohibited them from direct ownership of land. Occasionally, the Chinese were massacred - sending a persuasive message while reducing a specific ethnic population. Inevitably, the ghetto-dwelling Chinese cohabited with Malay girls to produce a large number of illegitimate Chinese mestizo children. These children, still a minority, were raised as good Catholics. They often inherited their father's financial acuity, could buy land, and acted as moneylenders and middlemen.
The Spanish mestizos, not as business-savvy as their Chinese counterparts, used the law to manipulate the native Malays into forfeiting their land. This ultimately resulted in the Katipunan Rebellion which began on August 23, 1896, an uprising against Spanish dominance. Emilio Aguinaldo, a member of the Chinese-mestizo minority, was a leader in that rebellion. It failed, and Aguinaldo took refuge in Hong Kong where he purchased weapons to continue the battle.
American politicians, eager to assist the corporate moguls in their opportunistic business quests, intervened. President McKinley sent Admiral George Dewey who led the Hong Kong-based Asiatic Squadron* of the U.S. Navy. (One must ask why the U.S. had an Asiatic Squadron, inasmuch as our military was/is constituted to exclusively defend our "homeland.") On May 1, 1898, Admiral Dewey and his squadron defeated and sank the entire Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in six hours with the loss of one American life. If assistance to the Filipinos had been the actual agenda, they could then have departed, satisfied and victorious. Instead, on May 2, 1898, Congress voted a war emergency credit of $34,625,725. Two days later, the House, with McKinley's consent, approved the annexation of Hawaii. On June 11, McKinley reiterated: "We must have Hawaii to help us get our share of China." In relation to the U.S., the Philippines are 7,000 miles across the Pacific Ocean, 600 miles from the Asian continent and more than 4,500 miles from Hawaii.
McKinley cabled Admiral Dewey and asked him to compile an account of the Philippines' natural resources, mining, farming and industry. An emissary from the State Department was sent to prepare a directory for the economic exploitation of the area. American companies quickly targeted the most fertile lands. A Del Monte subsidiary, restricted by law to 1,024 hectares, managed to have the U.S. Governor-General convert public land into a U.S. Navy preserve. Then the Navy subleased 20,000 hectares to Del Monte.
U. S. Governor-Generals from 1898 to 1901 were: General Wesley Merritt who functioned from August 14, 1898 to August 28, 1898; General Elwell S. Otis who operated from August 28, 1898 to May 5, 1900 and General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. who implemented the U.S. program from May 25, 1900 to July 4, 1901, when the U.S. installed a civilian - William Howard Taft (1901 to 1903) whose father Alphonso Taft had co-founded Skull and Bones (The Brotherhood of Death) at Yale University in 1832. Taft became Secretary of War (1904-1908) and U.S. president (1909-1913). Additionally, he supported the unconstitutional 16th Amendment of February 3, 1913, which allows the privately owned IRS to collect income tax designed to pay interest on the fiat money that the Federal Reserve, also privately owned, prints. He also supported the 17th Amendment, ratified on April 8, 1913, which deprived state governments of the right to select U.S. senators in favor of direct, popular election of senators - popular election allows corporate giants to influence the result, and thus effectively to purchase federal legislation in their own favor.
Emilio Aguinaldo returned from his Hong Kong exile on May 19, 1898, at the invitation of the U.S. On May 25, 1898, the Philippine Expeditionary Force of 8,500 men (Eighth Army Corps) left San Francisco and arrived at Cavite, Philippine Islands. Surprise! Those U.S. soldiers were NOT there to help the Filipinos. Aguinaldo, naïve but hopeful, declared independence on June 12, 1898 and established the First Philippine Republic.
Aguinaldo stated in his 1899 work, True Version of the Philippine Revolution: "On the 4th of July (1898) the first United States military expedition arrived, under command of General Anderson, and it was quartered in Cavite Arsenal. This distinguished General called on me in the Filipino Government House at Cavite, an honour and courtesy which I promptly returned, as was right and proper, seeing that we were friends, of equal rank, and allies. In the course of official intercourse General Anderson solemnly and completely endorsed the promises made by Admiral Dewey to me, asserting on his word of honour that America had not come to the Philippines to wage war against the natives nor to conquer and retain territory, but only to liberate the people from the oppression of the Spanish Government."
According to Aguinaldo, Admiral Dewey had said: "Documents are useless when there is no sense of honour have faith in my word, and I assure you that the United States will recognize the independence of the country. I further ask you to have patience if any of our soldiers insult any Filipinos, for being Volunteers they are as yet undisciplined."
On February 4, 1899, the official beginning of the American War in the Philippines, a Filipino was shot by an American sentry. This started the Battle of Manila led by General Arthur MacArthur Jr. (1845-1912). Between 50 and 60 Americans were killed while 2,000 Filipino corpses lay in the streets of Manila. Poorer, less experienced populations cannot compete with better artillery, warships, or superior marksmanship and firearms. McKinley claimed that "insurgents had attacked Manila." The administration further declared that Aguinaldo was an "outlaw bandit," the antiquated term for enemy combatant.
U.S. troops took Aguinaldo captive on March 25, 1901. General MacArthur convinced him to surrender and swear allegiance to America. European dominance was then replaced by U.S. imperialism. Vice President Teddy Roosevelt thought Manila should become an American Hong Kong. McKinley, feeling that the Filipinos were unfit to govern themselves, wanted all of the Philippines, not just Manila. Some Filipinos were willing to employ guerrilla warfare to resist, despite their lack of armaments.
On December 20, 1900, General Arthur MacArthur had officially declared that Filipinos were an "inferior race" and further stated that because guerrilla warfare was contrary to "the customs and usages of war," that those who engaged in it "divest themselves of the character of soldiers, and if captured are not entitled to the privileges of prisoners of war." Thus, they were treated as criminals. The real war criminals, Jacob Smith and Littleton Waller, were later admonished and acquitted during a Senate white-wash investigation, headed by imperialist Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. The U.S. use of the water torture or waterboarding, frequently lethal, was divulged during the very revealing hearings. Waller was, after all, just following orders, a defense not allowed to German defendants by the U.S. at Nuremburg. California's Fort MacArthur, a U.S. Army installation in San Pedro, was named after the general.
General Arthur MacArthur left the Philippines on July 5, 1901 and became Commander of the Department of the Pacific from January 1904 to April 1907. He was a Civil War veteran and had fought against America's native population for thirty years. He was stationed in the Dakota Territory when the Spanish-American War began in 1898. He was sent to Manchuria to observe the Japanese military from January to September 1905, towards the end of the Russo-Japanese War. He then did a short stint as military attaché to the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo. While in Japan, both the general and his son, Lt. Douglas MacArthur, met with Emperor Meiji who had collaborated with the British bankers in Japan's assault against Korea, China and Russia. Then the general, his wife and his son toured several Asian countries from November 1905 through June 1906 to assess their military strength. Who received that report? The MacArthurs visited Shanghai, Hong Kong, Ceylon, India, Burma, Bangkok, Batavia, Singapore, Rangoon and Saigon, and were possibly among the first U.S. officers to visit Vietnam.
Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Point in 1903 and was commissioned a second lieutenant of engineers. His first assignment was in the Philippines, from 1903 to 1904, with the 7th Cavalry Regiment. During this Philippines assignment he befriended Manuel Quezon, one of two leaders of the Nationalista Party which would monopolize politics in the Philippines for the next forty years. He was promoted to first lieutenant in April 1904, and was an engineer officer and aide to the Commander of the Pacific Division (his father) from 1904 to 1906.
As part of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898, America paid $20 million to Spain and then started fighting the ill-prepared Filipinos, who many of the ex-Civil War officers referred to as "Niggers" or "Goo-Goos." President McKinley had been assassinated by a lone gunman and the U.S. military in the Philippines was holding a memorial service on September 28, 1901 in Balangiga on the island of Samar (600 square miles). Filipino guerillas who opposed the American occupation chose this opportunity to attack. They killed forty-eight and wounded twenty-two.
To avenge this surprise attack, General Jacob Smith (previously a speculator in whiskey, gold, and diamonds who had stolen Civil War enlistment money from "colored" recruits) gave instructions regarding the inhabitants of Samar to Major Littleton Waller: "I want no prisoners. I wish you to kill and burn, the more you kill and burn the better you will please me. Kill everyone over the age of ten." Homes were burned; all animals were destroyed. Then they imposed sanctions to starve the remaining population into submission. Major Adna Chaffee advised reporters not to be sentimental over the deaths of "a few Goo-Goos."
Littleton also sought to avenge the deaths of his military comrades who had died in North China. The Chicago Tribune reported that "We are the trustees of civilization and peace throughout the islands." In an effort to persuade the Filipinos of American generosity and good will, the U.S. established a few schools, reorganized city governments, and improved sanitation conditions.
H. L. Wells, a correspondent for New York Evening Post stated that there had been no widespread outrageous acts committed by U.S. troops. However, he understood their savage contempt for the enemy: "There is no question that our men do 'shoot niggers' somewhat in the sporting spirit, but that is because war and their environments have rubbed off the thin veneer of civilization Undoubtedly, they do not regard the shooting of Filipinos just as they would the shooting of white troops. This is partly because they are 'only niggers,' and partly because they despise them for their treacherous servility The soldiers feel they are fighting with savages, not with soldiers "
General Order #100 was applied in the Philippines: Lincoln's order authorized the shooting on sight of all persons not in uniform or acting as soldiers and those committing, or seeking to commit, sabotage. The 7th Calvary Regiment, a part of the Regular Army, was originally organized on September , 1866 and is still viable today. This regiment was in the Philippines from 1904 to 1907, and again from 1911 through 1915. It employed the very same scorched earth policies against the Filipinos that had proven so effective against the vulnerable Plains Indians. Entire villages were burned, and unarmed Filipinos, women and children, were killed. To the troopers, all Filipinos looked alike and similar to the "red savages." In fact, they called the Filipinos "Apaches" or "gooks."
Every member of America's "high command" in the Philippines had spent most of his career chasing Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, and Sioux. Some of them, the 7th Cavalry Regiment, had taken part in the massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota on December 29, 1890, where 370 women and children were slaughtered, in revenge for Custer. In American-written text books, the Balangiga Massacre focuses on forty-eight dead Americans, without mentioning the slaughter of tens of thousands of Filipino civilians. The men under the questionable "high command" expressed their biased views in letters they wrote home. (Read some of them here.)
One trooper wrote home: "I am in my glory when I can sight my gun on some dark skin and pull the trigger." His squad killed more than one thousand "dark-skinned" Filipinos in just one village. General Arthur MacArthur defended his army's civilian massacres as "carrying out the civilizing mission of its Aryan ancestors."
War generates famine; wealthy landowners finally acquiesced. Americans passed a law stating that resisters would be ineligible for civil service employment. The desperate people gave up, and the war ended. One million (out of six million) Filipinos died: 16,000 guerrillas and 984,000 civilians. The war officially ended July 4, 1902, but hostilities and the work of death continued for almost a decade.
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