This page relates to the year 1809 Gregorian Calendrier.
- In South Africa, Tchaka is built-in the army of Dingiswayo, chief of the Abatethwa (1808 - 1818). It is pointed out by its bravery and its expertise in the art of warfare and one entrusts the command of a regiment to him.
- Colony of the Cape: Relative laws with the statute and the rights of the workers “of color” and comprising certain discriminatory provisions.
Mohamed Bello, wire of Usman daN Fodio, founds Sokoto of which he wants to make the ideal Islamic city.
the British, having set up naval patrols in order to fight against the traffic of the slaves, intercept convoys of slaves in departure for the America. The 6000 slaves are brought back in the British colony of Sierra Leone, where they unite with the freed slaves compels with the culture of the Coton, and of the Café by a British commercial company.
Schehaymah, a merchant Mejabra of the oasis of Djalo, in Cyrénaïque, discovers by chance an access road to the Ouadaï by the the Sahara. After promising beginnings, the exchanges are stopped between 1820 and 1835 because of the insecurity and political instability in Ouadaï.
- May 5th: The Room of the Low-Canada vote the expulsion of Ezekiel Binder.
- May 15th: The governor Craig dissolves the Room.
- February 3rd: Creation of the territory of the Illinois.
- March 4th: Beginning of the democrat-republican presidency of James Madison with the the United States (fine in 1817). It gives up the Embargo Act which asphyxiated the US economy and which one could fear that it does not push the New England with the secession.
- April 27th: Capitulation of Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse. The British occupy the Martinique (fine in 1816).
- July 9th: the oriental party of Haiti capitulates with Saint-Domingue and becomes again Spanish colony. The French are driven out island of Haiti by the Dominican ones.
- July 16th: Rising of La Paz against the Spanish crown carried out by Pedro Domingo Murillo.
- August 10th: Proclamation of independence of the Ecuador.
- September 30th: Second treaty of Strong Wayne. The Indian nations Delaware S, Shawnee S, Putawatimi S, Miamis, Eel To rivet, Weea S, Kickapoo S, Piankashaw S, and Kaska S yield 11 700 km ² of grounds of the valley of the Wasbah to the the United States.
- In the territories of the West of the United States, the Shawnee S, carried out by their chief Tecumseh, tries to form a confederation of the Indian tribes to fight against the expansion of the white colonists. They estimate at fifteen million hectares the extent of the suitable grounds. The Americans must face the increasingly organized claims of native-born people.
- October 27th: James Madison issues the annexation of the western part of the State of Florida, where the colonists rebel against the authority of Spain.
- April 25th, India: Treaty of perpetual friendship of Amritsar between the chief of the Sikhs Ranjit Singh and the British. The border is fixed along the river Sutlej.
- May 12th: Britannico-Persan treaty, prepared by Malcom, which constrained the French to leave the Persian and guarantees the integrity of this one vis-a-vis the Russia.
- September 7th: Beginning of the reign of Rowed II (Leut Nophailai), king of the Siam. It continues the expansionist policy of his father, founder of the Chakri dynasty, for gradually dominating part of the Kampuchea, the Laos and the Malaysia. End of the policy of insulation (fine in 1824).
- February 23rd: Battle of Sand-in Olonne
- March 13rd:
- the king of Sweden Gustave IV Adolphe is constrained to abdicate by a military revolt. The nobility founds a Charter which establishes a constitutional monarchy according to the principle of the separation of the capacities. The king exiles himself in Suisse and his/her uncle Charles XIII succeeds to him.
- Beginning of the reign of the king Charles XIII of Sweden (fine in 1818).
- March 29th: The Finland is set up in Grand Duchy whose tsar will be the large-duke (mode of the personal union). It creates its own armed forces. The official language remains Swedish and the country benefits from a great autonomy.
- Mars: Resumption of the war enters Russia and Turkey. Bragation is named general-in-chief in Turkey.
- April 12th: Taken again hostilities between France and Austria. Beginning of the Fifth coalition: the United Kingdom, Austria, Spain and Portugal.
- April 14th: The Autrichiennes troops attack the Grand-duché of Warsaw and the Bavaria. After the catch of Warsaw, the Austrians run up against the resistance of Józef Poniatowski in Galicie. The emperor Napoleon reacts promptly.
- April 16th: French defeat limited to the Battle of Sacile in Italy.
- April 19th: The Austrians are beaten with the battles of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria and of Raszyn in Poland.
- April 20th: French Victoire with the Battle of Abensberg in Bavaria against the Austria.
- April 21st: French Victoire with the Battle of Landshut in Bavaria against the Austria.
- April 22nd: French Victoire of Eckmühl against the Austria.
- April 23rd: French Victoire with the Battle of Ratisbon against the Austria.
- May 3rd: French Victoire with the Battle of Ebersberg in Austria.
- 7 - May 8th: Franco-Italian Victoire with the Battle of Piave against the Austria.
- May 13rd: Vienna is again occupied by the French.
- 20 - May 22nd: The large army undergoes a serious defeat with Aspern and Essling against the Austrians while wanting to pass the the Danube but the archduke Charles does not exploit his advantage.
- May 17th: Napoleon annexes the States of the Church.
- May 31st: The king de Hollande Louis Bonaparte reopens the ports to revive the Dutch economy. 12 with the June 19th, 130 boats charged with 300 000 pounds sterling of goods forward by the island of Héligoland to enter in Europe. Louis Bonaparte is convened by his/her brother with Paris with the end of the year. Napoleon makes him sign a leonine treaty for the respect of the blockade (March 16th 1810) under the pressure of an ultimatum.
- June 10th: The pope Black and white VII response with the annexation of the Papal States by the bubble Quam memoranda which excommunicates Napoleon.
- June 14th: Franco-Italian Victoire with the Battle of Raab against the Austria.
- 5 - July 6th: Decisive Victoire of Napoleon to the Battle of Wagram against the Austrians of Charles Louis of Austria. The Austrian army can be withdrawn without being continued.
- 10 - July 11th: Battle of Znaïm.
- July 12th: The archduke Charles must conclude an armistice with Znaïm.
- July 30th: Forwarding of Walcheren. British attempt at invasion of Zealand, with Flessingue (fine the December 10th).
- August: Andreas Hofer succeeds in driving out the marshal Lefebvre the Tyrol. It is crushed in October by theBavarian ones.
- September: Adhesion of the Sweden to the continental Blockade.
- September 17th: Peace of Fredrikshamn; the Sweden recognizes the annexation of the Finland and the islands Åland by the Russia.
- October 4th: Beginning of the ministry Tory of Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (fine in 1812).
- October 14th: Peace of Schönbrunn (Vienna).
- the High-Austria and Salzburg are yielded to the Bavaria which preserves the the Tyrol septentrional, while the southernmost Tyrol goes to the Royaume of Italy, vassal of France.
- part of the Carinthie, the Carniole and the southernmost Croatia are yielded to the France and will form, with the Dalmatie, Trieste and the Istrie, the Provinces it with Ljubljana for capital (end in October 1813).
- Abolition of the republic of Dubrovnik. Marmont (1774-1852) is named governor of the Provinces it.
- the Austria yields the Western Galicie, Cracow and Lublin with the Grand-duché of Warsaw and Tarnopol with the Russia. The tsar opposes any restoration Poland. Vienna preserves the kingdom of Galicie, in spite of the reception which had received the troops of Józef Poniatowski.
- Austria: After the defeat, Stadion and the archduke Charles are returned to the profit of Metternich (chancellor, 1809 - 1817) and of Schwarzenberg (ambassador from Austria to Paris). Metternich plays the Alliance Fran1caise of 1809 with 1813.
- Destruction of the fortifications of Graz at the request of Napoleon.
- Napoleon exhorts the Hungarians to recover their independence starting from his general headquarter of Schönbrunn. After the Treated of Schönbrunn, the insurrection peerage-book Hungarian woman is dispersed with Györ by the troops of Napoleon, but the Emperor does not exploit his victory to occupy the country.
- Last lifting of troops according to the system of the insurrection peerage-book in Hungary. The Hungarian armies committed in the Napoleonean wars reach to 35 regiments, that is to say more 115 000 men.
- the creation of the Provinces it makes it possible Napoleon to close the access of the Austria to the sea, to control the Adriatique and to reinforce the continental Blocus.
- Conscription in the Provinces it: 18 000 men for 1,5 million inhabitants.
- Speranski presents to the tsar Alexandre Ier of Russia his “Plan of reform of the State”, recommending the progressive establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
- Balachov becomes military governor of Saint-Pétersbourg (1809-1810).
See also: War of Spanish independence
- January 1st: Spanish Victoire with the Battle of Castellón.
- January 10th: Head office of Saragossa.
- January 13rd: French Victoire with the battles of Uclés.
- January 16th: Battle of Corogne between British and French.
- January 23rd: Napoleon i returns to Paris. It cuts out the peninsula in military governments placed under its authority. The guerillas, supported by the population and the British, resist the occupation.
- February 20th: The French take Saragossa devastated by the epidemic.
- February 25th: French Victoire with the Battle of Valleys.
- March 17th: Spanish Victoire with the Battle of Villafranca.
- March 28th: Decisive French Victoire with the Battle of Medellín
- March 29th: Victoire of Wellesley on Soult with the Battle of Oporto.
- May 6th: Beginning of the Head office of Gérone.
- 27 - July 28th: Victoire of Wellesley on Soult with Talavera of Reina. Wellesley is folded up on Lisbon and strengthens the Lignes of Torres Vedras.
- August 11th: Battle of Almonacid.
- September 27th: Anglo-Portuguese Victoire with the Battle of Buçaco.
- November 19th: Decisive French Victoire with the Battle of Ocaña.
- November 28th: French Victoire with the Battle of Alba de Tormes.
- December 2nd: Occupation of Madrid by the French.
- December 12th: Catch of Gérone by the French.
See also: 1809 in France
Arts & cultures
- August 6th, Russia: Ukase making compulsory the higher learning or an examination to reach the higher levels of the civil hierarchy.
- If the French becomes official language of the Provinces it, the Slovenien becomes obligatory in primary school education.
- the Spanish painter Francisco Goya denounces the cruelty of the war in its May 3rd, 1808 ( Dos of Mayo ).
- Chateaubriant , fabric of Girodet-Trioson.
Sciences & discovered
See also: 1809 in science
Economy & company
- the Europe exports for 18 million pounds sterling of manufactured goods.
- In spite of the continental Blockade, 47% of British exports moves towards Europe, thanks to smuggling by the Prussia Orientale, the Sweden, the Russia, the Holland, Malta, the Spanish colonies and the Brésil. The traffic begins again with the the United States.
- Russia: Abolition of faculty for the owners to off-set the serfs in Siberia (restored in 1822).
- the Grand Duchy of Warsaw account 4,3 million inhabitants including Pole 79%.
- the army of the Grand Duchy passes from 30 000 in 1803 with 60 000 men. In six years, 180 000 Polish is useful in the imperial troops.
- December: Abolition of the Serfdom in the duchy of Warsaw by a royal decree. The peasants obtain the right to leave their grounds, but the lord keeps the property of it. Little of them leaves, except those which engage in the army.
- Disaster natural (flood of the Zealand and the Betuwe), economic and social (poverty) with the Netherlands.
- Suppression partial of the last feudal constraints in the Provinces it. Abolition of the corporative privileges.
Births in 1809
- January 4th: Louis Braille, inventor of the written form for blind men and partially-sighted persons
- January 19th: Edgar Allan Poe, American writer
- February 3rd: Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, type-setter
- February 12th
- March 20th: Nicolas Gogol, Russian writer
- March 27th: Eugene Haussmann, French town planner
- May 3rd: Laurent-Guillaume de Koninck, paleontologist and Belgian chemist
- June 24th: Élisa Mercœur, French poetess († 1835).
- August 6th: Alfred Lord Tennyson, British poet
- August 31st: Oswald Heer, geologist and Swiss naturalist
- September 4th: Juliusz Słowacki, poet Polish († April 3rd 1849)
- September 16th: Jacques Dehaene, man of the church and politician French († July 15th 1882)
- November 9th: Thomas Wright, Surgery N and British paleontologist († 1884).
- December 24th: Kit Carson, trapper, delicatessen, scout, American colonel of the volunteers
- December 29th: William Gladstone Prime Minister British
Death in 1809
- March 7th: Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, type-setter and Austrian organist (Klosterneuburg, 1736 - Vienna, 1809).
- May 5th: Berek Joselewicz, soldier Polish (° September 17th 1764)
- May 31st
- June 8th: Thomas Paine, politician and American pamphletist (1737 -1809).
- July 22nd: Jean Senebier, priest and Swiss botanist (° 1742)
- November 26th: Dalayrac, French type-setter (1753 -1809).
- December 16th: Antoine-François Fourcroy, French chemist (° 1755).
Beats-smg: 1809 Be-X-old: 1809 Map-bms: 1809 Simple: 1809 Zh-yue: 1809 年
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