Use of Information and Communication Technology by Medical Students: A Survey of VSS Medical College, Burla, India
P.G. Department of Library and Information Science
N. K. Sahu
New technology has brought significant changes in education (Bates, 2005). Medical education has also undergone profound changes due to recent technological advancements (Harden, 2002; Davis and Harden, 2001). Medical schools, particularly in the developed countries, have invested heavily in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), not only to deliver education, but also to improve the quality of services that health professionals provide. Developing countries like India, where a scarcity of human resources in the health sector is a serious problem, can be a particular beneficiary of ICT-mediated education. Lack of educational institutions and qualified medical educators, poor distribution of facilities and poor access to the latest educational infrastructure are some of the issues to be addressed to improve the quality of medical education in developing countries. Advanced technology can address at least some of these problems. In fact, international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have acknowledged ICT as a useful tool to address education in health care sector in developing countries (WHO, 2005; Drury, 2005). United Nations Millennium Development Goals have articulated the significance of the use of ICT to address education and health issues (UN Millennium Development Goal, 2004).
Aims and Objectives
The primary purpose of the present study is to investigate use of the state-of-the-art ICT in library of VSS Medical College, Burla. In addition, the study also aims to achieve the following objectives:
The study used a questionnaire, with 32 questions spread over eight sections: (A) General profile of the respondent, (B) Attitude towards ICT, (C) Use of ICT, (D) ICT enabled teaching and research, (E) ICT training provision, (F) ICT skill of medical students,(G) Access to Medical Information on the Web, and (H) Constraints. To facilitate quantification and analysis of data, mainly close-ended questions were used along with checklists and rating scales. To capture a response and to have fewer missing responses, options such as “no opinion”, “don't know”, and “don't know about it” are also included. A random sample of 150 (25%) of 600 medical students of VSS Medical College, Burla, was selected and questionnaires were distributed among them. Of those, 128 (85.33%) questionnaires were returned completed.
Asqari and Haywood (1997) assessed the attitude of Edinburgh University medical students toward computers and found that 86 percent agreed that computer skills will be beneficial to them in their future career, and that 62 percent wanted a structured course in computer use. Another study by Nurjahan and others (2002) was undertaken to obtain a self-reported assessment of the use of ICT by medical students at the International Medical University, Malaysia. The survey revealed that 27 students (5.7 percemt) did not use a computer either in the university or at home. Most students surveyed reported adequate skills at word processing (55 percent), email (78 percent) and web searching (67 percent). The study suggested formal inclusion of ICT instruction in the teaching of undergraduate medicine, to enhance medical students' ability to acquire, appraise, and use information to solve clinical and other problems.
Veer Surendra Sai (VSS) Medical College and the Library
In Orissa, there are three government medical colleges situated in three different regions of the state. In the east, the “Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB)” Medical College at Cuttack started in 1944; in the south, “Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG)” Medical College at Berhampur started in 1962, and in the west the “Veer Surendra Sai” (VSS) Medical College at Burla begin in July 1959. The VSS Medical College primarily serves the health care needs of western Orissa. At present, the college has 7,020 square feet, with 27 departments and 635 MBBS students, 137 post-graduate students, 220 doctors, and 200 other employees. This college is affiliated with Sambalpur University and is financed by the State Government. It also receives occasional grants from WHO for its overall development.
Data Analysis and Discussion
Attitude of Medical Students towards ICT
The survey found that a majority of respondents believe that ICT is essential for medical education. In order to assess the attitude of medical students towards ICT, they were asked whether they felt that medical education would not be effective without ICT.
Table 1. Effectiveness of medical education and research
Nearly 80 percent of respondents agree that medical education and research will not be effective unless ICT tools and techniques are used in the educational process. Further, it is evident from this data that the students realize that ICT tools and techniques should become a part of medical education.
Diagram 1. Effectiveness of medical education and research
Need for ICT enabled Library facilities
Students were asked to put forth their recommendations about ICT facilities.
Table 2. ICT facilities recommended by students
Three quarters of respondents recommend a library website for remote access to library resources and services. More than 60 percent recommend e-resources and an equal number recommend networking with other libraries and information system.
Diagram 2. ICT facilities recommended by students
Use of ICT by Medical students
The state of computer use by students is not encouraging. Nearly half use a computer at least monthly, with another quarter weekly and only about 20 percent using a computer daily. Nearly 10 percent never use a computer, which is quite discouraging. Although the students consider computers an integral part of medical education, their overall use is infrequent.
Diagram 3. Frequency of computer use
|Purpose for using Internet||At least daily||Weekly||Monthly||Occasionally||Never|
|Literature search||7 (5.47%)||28 (21.87%)||9 (7.03%)||35 (27.34%)||25 (19.53%)|
|11 (8.59%)||49 (38.28%)||17 (13.28%)||26 20.31%)||6 (6.25%)|
|Information for patient||9 (7.03%)||11 (8.59%)||12 (9.37%)||12 (9.37%)||47 (36.71%)|
|Reading recommended coursework||11 (8.59%)||19 (14.84%)||9 (3.03%)||30 (23.43%)||26 (20.31%)|
|Chat||14 (10.94%)||42 (32.81%)||7 (5.47%)||26 (20.31%)||20 (15.62%)|
Most students use the Internet weekly to send and receive email and chat with friends online. More than one quarter, however, use the Internet for accessing reading material recommended by their teachers.
Diagram 4. Purpose and frequency of Internet use
Of the 128 students who responded to this survey, nearly all are at least “somewhat confident” about using the mouse and keyboard. Surprisingly, there are still 3 (2.34%) medical students who are not confident either in handling the mouse or the keyboard of a computer. About one third of the students are not confident in using any word processing program. Nearly all are confident about web searching, and a majority are able to deal with computerized patient records.
Table 5. Students' knowledge of computers and IT
|ICT tools and applications||Not confident||Quite Confident||Confident||Very confident|
|Mouse||3 (2.34%)||26 (20.31%)||43 (33.59%)||47 (36.72%)|
|Keyboard||3 (2.34%)||34 (26.56%)||43 (33.59%)||38(29.69%)|
|MS-Word or other word processor||42 (32.81%)||22(17.19%)||27 (21.09%)||26(20.31%)|
|Excel/other spread sheet||51 (39.84%)||19 (14.84%)||21 (16.41%)||17(13.28%)|
|Internet||7 (5.47%)||34 (26.56%)||39 (30.47%)||36(28.13%)|
|9 (7.03%)||29 (22.66%)||37 (28.91%)||32(25%)|
|Computerized patient record||52 (40.63%)||16 (12.50%)||22(17.19%)||16(12.50%)|
More than half of respondents stated that application of ICT not present in their course syllabus, with a nearly equal number who saw a lack of support from IT staff. Half indicated lack of time, and significant numbers also mentioned the lack of computer labs and a campus network, with a smaller number mentioning a lack of availability of e-resources in the library.
Table 6. Problems accessing electronic information
|Inadequate number of PCs||59||46.09%|
|Lack of support from IT staff||71||55.46%|
|ICT not present in syllabus||72||56.25%|
|Lack of time to use||64||50%|
|No computer lab||60||46.87%|
|E-Resources not available in library||40||31.25%|
|No campus computer network||55||42.96%|
|No Internet connectivity||27||21.09%|
Diagram 6. Problems accessing electronic information
After a careful analysis and interpretation of the data, the following major findings were noted:
ICT provides students with a broad perspective. This important topic was selected as the focus of this study. The study found that ICT can be a useful tool to address problems in medical education, but the lack of technology and resources is still a serious limitation. The noteworthy point is that even after three decades, the inadequacy of qualified technical staff has stood in the way of users' satisfaction. Further, there is ample evidence that most users are deprived of access to the vast medical literature available in electronic format. The Medical College library has not been able to use the services available at a national and international level. Another obvious finding is the absence of co-operation among the medical libraries in Orissa or at the national level, including the lack of even interlibrary loan. Attention to these broad areas of weakness will go a long way toward improving the use of ICT in the library.
Asquari, J. N., & Haywood, J. (1997). Computer awareness among medical students: A survey. Journal of Medical Education 31 (3), 225-229. Available: http://www.pubmed.com/cbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez
Bates, A. W. (2005). Technology e-learning and distance education. 2nd ed. Routing 13 (2). 121-125
Davis , M. H., &Harden, R. M. (2001). E is for everything in e-learning. Medical Teacher 23 (5): 441-444
Drury, P. 2005. E-health: A model for developing countries. Health International 2 (2): 19-26
Harden, R. M. (2002). Development in outline based education. Medical Teacher 24 (2): 117-120
Millennium Development Goal. [Online] Available: http://un.org/millenniumgoals
Nurjana, M. I., Lim, T. A., Yeong, S. W., Foong, A. L., & Ware, J. (2002). Utilization of information technology in medical education: A questionnaire survey of students in a Malaysian institution . Medical Journal of Malaysia 57 (Suppl E): 58-66.