ARW responds to CD's list of queries about expression. Suggests acquiring informants through publishing the queries in newspapers. His doubts about their importance.
Has submitted caterpillar question to Entomological Society.
9, St. Mark's Crescent | N.W
I return your queries but can not answer them with any certainty. For the Malays I should say Yes. to 1. 3. 8. 9. 10. & 17. and No. to 12. 13. and 16. but I cannot be certain in any one. But do you think these things are of much importance? I am inclined to think that if you could get good direct observations you would find some of them often differ from tribe to tribe, from island to island and sometimes from village to village. Some no doubt may be deep-seated, and would imply organic differences but can you tell beforehand which these are. I presume the Frenchman shrugs his shoulders whether he is of the Norman Breton or Gaulish stock. Would it not be a good thing to send your List of queries to some of the Bombay & Calcutta papers as there must be numbers of Indian judges & other officers who would be interested & would send you hosts of replies.
The Australian papers & N. Zealand might also publish them & then you would have a fine basis to go on.
Is your essay on Variation in Man to be a supplement to your volume on Domesticated Animals & cultivated Plants? I would rather see your second volume on ``The Struggle for Existence &c.'' for I doubt if we have a sufficiency of fair & accurate facts to do any thing with Man. Huxley I believe is at work upon it.
I have been reading Murray's volume on Geog. Dist. of Mammals. He has some good ideas here and there but is quite unable to understand Natural Selection, and makes a most absurd mess of his criticism of your views on Oceanic Islands.
By the bye what an interesting volume the whole of your materials on that subject would I am sure make.
Yours very sincerely | Alfred R. Wallace—
P.S. I mentioned the Catterpillar question at the Ent. Soc. on Monday & think we shall have observations made this summer. Many members seemed to think that known facts favoured my view.
Larvæ of Cucullia verbasci &c. often swarm for sp. of verbascum are very showy and conspicuous and never seem to be eaten by birds. The larvæ of Callimorpha jacobeæ, are a similar case.
- f1 5437.f1The year is established by the relationship between this letter and the letter to A. R. Wallace, 7 March .
- f2 5437.f2The list of queries about expression that CD sent Wallace has not been found; see letter to A. R. Wallace, 7 March  and n. 2. For a version of the questions similar to those sent to Wallace, see Correspondence vol. 15, Appendix IV. Wallace had travelled in the Malay Archipelago from 1854 to 1862.
- f3 5437.f3CD referred to his work on human expression as an appendix to his `Essay on Man' in his letter to Wallace of 7 March . Variation was published in 1868; CD had originally planned to present his work on humans in a final chapter of Variation (see letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 February  and n. 16). Expression was published in 1872, a year after Descent.
- f4 5437.f4CD had intended to publish an expanded version of his theory following the publication of Origin in 1859 (see, for example, Correspondence vol. 7, letter to A. R. Wallace, 25 January  and n. 11). `Struggle for existence' is the title of chapter three in Origin. Variation was planned as the first of three related works; in Variation 1: 8, CD stated that, in a `second work', he would discuss the variation of organisms in a state of nature, the struggle for existence, and the difficulties opposed to the theory of natural selection. The third work was to have dealt with the applicability of the theory of natural selection.
- f5 5437.f5Thomas Henry Huxley wrote a series of papers between 1865 and 1871 examining variations in humans, and considering divisions between human groups (see Di Gregorio 1984, pp. 160--84).
- f6 5437.f6Andrew Murray made critical comments on CD's theory in The geographical distribution of animals (A. Murray 1866, pp. 4--14); he also discussed CD's ideas on the dispersal of plant and animals to oceanic islands in ibid., pp. 15--22, and CD's theory of the formation of coral islands in ibid., pp. 25--7.
- f7 5437.f7See letter from H. W. Bates, 11 March 1867 and n. 9.
- f8 5437.f8Wallace refers to the mullein moth (Cucullia verbasci) and the cinnabar moth (Callimorpha jacobeae, now Tyria jacobaeae).
- f9 5437.f9CD was evidently considering the discussion that he later published in Descent; see Descent 1: 416, and letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February  and n. 3.
- f10 5437.f10No comment by Wallace on this topic has been found; however, in Variation 1: 24, CD mentioned the recommendation of Columella that white sheep dogs should be used since they would not be mistaken for wolves.
- f11 5437.f11CD refers to Henry Walter Bates, with whom he had also discussed coloration in caterpillars (see letter to A. R. Wallace, 23 February 1867); in Bates 1861, pp. 508--9, Bates noted that many caterpillars resembled twigs and other objects, while some butterflies resembled leaves or bark. James Philip Mansel Weale had told CD of caterpillars that mimicked Acacia horrida thorns (see letter from J. P. M. Weale, 9 January 1867, and CD's annotation to the letter from A. R. Wallace, 24 February ).