1936 in film From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia List of years in film table 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 In television 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 In radio 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 Art Archaeology Architecture Literature Music Philosophy Science Years in film 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s v t e The following is an overview of 1936 in film including significant events a list of films released and notable births and deaths Contents 1 Events 2 Topgrossing films 3 Academy Awards 4 Top Ten Money Making Stars 41 Top Western stars 5 1936 film releases 51 JanuaryMarch 52 AprilJune 53 JulySeptember 54 OctoberDecember 6 Notable films released in 1936 61 09 62 AC 63 DK 64 LQ 65 RZ 7 Serials 8 Comedy film series 9 Animated short film series 10 Births 11 Deaths 12 Debuts 13 Notes Events May 29 Fritz Lang s first Hollywood film Fury starring Spencer Tracy and Bruce Cabot is released February 15 first Republic serial Darkest Africa is released Topgrossing films Rank Title Studio Worldwide Rentals 1 San Francisco MGM 5273000 2 The Great Ziegfeld MGM 4673000 3 Rose Marie MGM 3515000 4 These Three United Artists 5 Camille MGM 2842000 6 Libeled Lady MGM 2723000 7 Three Smart Girls Universal Pictures 8 Anthony Adverse Warner Bros 2750000 9 The Charge of the Light Brigade Warner Bros 2736000 10 Follow the Fleet RKO 2707000 11 Swing Time RKO 2618000 12 Romeo and Juliet MGM 2075000 Academy Awards Main article 9th Academy Awards Best Picture The Great Ziegfeld MetroGoldwynMayer Best Director Frank Capra Mr Deeds Goes to Town Best Actor Paul Muni The Story of Louis Pasteur Best Actress Luise Rainer The Great Ziegfeld Best Supporting Actor Walter Brennan Come and Get It Best Supporting Actress Gale Sondergaard Anthony Adverse Top Ten Money Making Stars Exhibitors selected the following as the Top Ten Money Making Stars of the Year in Quigley Publishing Company s annual poll Rank ActorActress 1 Shirley Temple 2 Clark Gable 3 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers 4 Robert Taylor 5 Joe E Brown 6 Dick Powell 7 Joan Crawford 8 Claudette Colbert 9 Jeanette MacDonald 10 Gary Cooper Top Western stars A poll of the top Western stars was also published for the first time Rank ActorActress 1 Buck Jones 2 George OBrien 3 Gene Autry 4 William Boyd 5 Ken Maynard 6 Dick Foran 7 John Wayne 8 Tim McCoy 9 Hoot Gibson 10 Buster Crabbe 1936 film releases USA unless stated JanuaryMarch January 1936 16 January Ceiling Zero 17 January Augustus the Strong Germany Poland 20 January The Invisible Ray 22 January Collegiate 24 January Anything Goes 30 January Next Time We Love February 1936 1 February Rose Marie 5 February Modern Times 6 February The Petrified Forest 7 February The Milky Way 14 February The Bohemian Girl It Had to Happen 15 February The Lawless Nineties 19 February Girl Friends USSR 20 February Follow the Fleet Things to Come GB 22 February The Story of Louis Pasteur 28 February The Prisoner of Shark Island Wife vs Secretary 29 February Mayerling France The Walking Dead March 1936 1 March Sutters Gold 2 March Man of the Frontier 6 March Little Lord Fauntleroy Three Godfathers 9 March Love Before Breakfast 13 March The Trail of the Lonesome Pine 18 March These Three 22 March The Great Ziegfeld 28 March Road Gang 30 March Too Many Parents AprilJune April 1936 4 April Till We Meet Again 10 April A Message to Garcia The Moons Our Home Small Town Girl 11 April Desire The Singing Kid 16 April Mr Deeds Goes to Town 20 April By the Bluest of Seas USSR 24 April Captain January 30 April Thirteen Hours by Air May 1936 6 May Its Love Again GB 8 May The Case Against Mrs Ames 11 May Draculas Daughter 17 May Show Boat 19 May Love in Exile GB 26 May Hearts in Bondage 28 May Osaka Elegy Japan 29 May Fury June 1936 5 June Private Number 6 June Bullets or Ballots 15 June Secret Agent GB 17 June Poppy 20 June Hearts Divided 26 June San Francisco JulySeptember July 1936 10 July The DevilDoll 16 July Green Pastures 22 July Satan Met a Lady 24 July Poor Little Rich Girl 28 July The Amazing Quest of Ernest Bliss GB 29 July Anthony Adverse August 1936 10 August Where Theres a Will GB 20 August Romeo and Juliet 26 August East Meets West UK 28 August The Gorgeous Hussy Militiaman Bruggler Germany The Texas Rangers September 1936 1 September Tudor Rose 2 September The General Died at Dawn 4 September The Last of the Mohicans The Road to Glory Swing Time 6 September My Man Godfrey 9 September Spy of Napoleon GB 10 September Dusty Ermine UK 11 September The Man Who Changed His Mind GB 15 September The Children of Captain Grant 23 September Dodsworth 25 September Craigs Wife 26 September Cain and Mabel 30 September Yiddle with his Fiddle Poland USA OctoberDecember October 1936 1 October Everything Is Thunder UK 6 October Allá en el Rancho Grande Mexico 9 October Libeled Lady 15 October The Garden of Allah Sisters of the Gion Japan 16 October 15 Maiden Lane Dimples Hopalong Cassidy Returns 20 October The Charge of the Light Brigade 22 October Crime Over London GB 27 October César France 30 October Our Relations November 1936 6 November Come and Get It Rembrandt GB Tarzan Escapes A Woman Rebels 12 November Theodora Goes Wild 13 November Go West Young Man 16 November Intermezzo Sweden Laburnum Grove GB The Plainsman 20 November Love on the Run 25 November Lloyds of London Pennies from Heaven 26 November Men Are Not Gods GB 27 November Born to Dance December 1936 1 December The Bold Caballero 2 December Sabotage GB 11 December General Spanky Les basfonds France 12 December Camille 20 December Empty Saddles 21 December Forget Me Not UK 24 December The Jungle Princess 25 December After the Thin Man Stowaway 26 December Gold Diggers of 1937 31 December Lets Go With Pancho Villa Mexico Notable films released in 1936 USA unless stated 09 15 Maiden Lane starring Claire Trevor and Cesar Romero AC Accused starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr and Dolores del Río GB Achhoot Kanya Untouchable Maiden starring Ashok Kumar India The Adventures of Pinocchio Italy After the Thin Man starring William Powell and Myrna Loy Allá en el Rancho Grande Out on the Great Ranch Mexico The Amazing Quest of Ernest Bliss starring Cary Grant GB Anthony Adverse starring Fredric March and Olivia de Havilland Anything Goes starring Bing Crosby and Ethel Merman Augustus the Strong August der Starke directed by Paul Wegener Germany Poland Les basfonds Underworld directed by Jean Renoir starring Jean Gabin and Louis Jouvet France Black Eyes directed by Abdolhossein Sepanta Iran Blood on Wolf Mountain Lang shan die xue ji China The Bohemian Girl starring Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy The Bold Caballero Born to Dance starring Eleanor Powell and James Stewart Bullets or Ballots starring Edward G Robinson and Joan Blondell By the Bluest of Seas U samogo sinego morya directed by Boris Barnet USSR Cain and Mabel starring Marion Davies and Clark Gable Camel Through the Eye of a Needle Velbloud uchem jehly Czechoslovakia Camille starring Greta Garbo and Robert Taylor Captain January starring Shirley Temple The Case Against Mrs Ames starring Madeleine Carroll and George Brent Ceiling Zero directed by Howard Hawks starring James Cagney and Pat OBrien César directed by Marcel Pagnol France The Charge of the Light Brigade starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland Charlie Chan at the Opera starring Warner Oland and Boris Karloff The Children of Captain Grant Circus Tsirk USSR Collegiate starring Frances Langford and Betty Grable Come and Get It starring Edward Arnold and Joel McCrea Craigs Wife starring Rosalind Russell The Crime of Monsieur Lange Le Crime de Monsieur Lange directed by Jean Renoir France Crime Over London directed by Alfred Zeisler GB DK Play media Kundal Lal Saigal and Jamuna in Devdas Baruas 1936 Hindi version The Desert Island Lang tao sha China Desire starring Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper Devdas India The DevilDoll directed by Tod Browning starring Lionel Barrymore and Maureen OSullivan Dimples starring Shirley Temple Dodsworth directed by William Wyler starring Walter Huston Ruth Chatterton Mary Astor Draculas Daughter starring Otto Kruger and Gloria Holden Dusty Ermine directed by Bernard Vorhaus UK East Meets West starring George Arliss UK Empty Saddles starring Buck Jones and Louise Brooks Everything Is Thunder starring Constance Bennett UK Follow the Fleet starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Forget Me Not directed by Zoltan Korda starring Beniamino Gigli and Joan Gardner UK The Four Musketeers Italy Fury starring Sylvia Sidney and Spencer Tracy The Garden of Allah starring Marlene Dietrich and Charles Boyer The General Died at Dawn starring Gary Cooper and Madeleine Carroll General Spanky starring Spanky McFarland Girl Friends Podrugi USSR Go West Young Man starring Mae West adapted by her from Lawrence Riley s 1934 stage play Personal Appearance Gold Diggers of 1937 directed by Lloyd Bacon and Busby Berkeley The Gorgeous Hussy starring Joan Crawford and Robert Taylor The Great Ziegfeld starring William Powell Myrna Loy Luise Rainer Green Pastures adapted from the 1923 stage play starring Rex Ingram and Eddie Anderson Hearts Divided starring Marion Davies and Dick Powell Hearts in Bondage starring David Manners and Mae Clarke Hopalong Cassidy Returns starring William Boyd Ill Give a Million Darò un milione starring Vittorio De Sica Italy Intermezzo starring Ingrid Bergman and Gösta Ekman Sweden The Invisible Ray starring Boris Karloff and Bela Lugosi It Had to Happen starring George Raft and Rosalind Russell Its Love Again starring Jessie Matthews and Robert Young GB The Jungle Princess starring Dorothy Lamour and Ray Milland Der Kaiser von Kalifornien The Emperor of California Germany LQ Laburnum Grove starring Edmund Gwenn and Cedric Hardwicke GB The Last of the Mohicans starring Randolph Scott The Lawless Nineties starring John Wayne Lets Go With Pancho Villa Vámonos con Pancho Villa Mexico Libeled Lady starring Jean Harlow William Powell Myrna Loy Spencer Tracy Limelight starring Anna Neagle GB Little Lord Fauntleroy starring Freddie Bartholomew Dolores Costello Barrymore C Aubrey Smith Lloyds of London starring Freddie Bartholomew Madeleine Carroll Tyrone Power Love Before Breakfast starring Carole Lombard and Preston Foster Love in Exile starring Helen Vinson and Clive Brook GB Love on the Run starring Joan Crawford and Clark Gable Man of the Frontier starring Gene Autry The Man Who Changed His Mind starring Boris Karloff GB The Man Who Could Work Miracles starring Roland Young and Ralph Richardson GB Mayerling directed by Anatole Litvak starring Charles Boyer and Danielle Darrieux France Men Are Not Gods starring Miriam Hopkins Gertrude Lawrence Rex Harrison GB A Message to Garcia directed by George Marshall starring Barbara Stanwyck John Boles and Wallace Beery Militiaman Bruggler Standschütze Bruggler Germany The Milky Way starring Harold Lloyd Modern Times written directed by and starring Charles Chaplin with Paulette Goddard The Mongolian Boy Монгол хүү directed by Ilya Trauberg is released as the first Mongolian film The Moons Our Home starring Henry Fonda and Margaret Sullavan Mr Deeds Goes to Town directed by Frank Capra starring Gary Cooper and Jean Arthur My Man Godfrey directed by Gregory La Cava starring William Powell and Carole Lombard Next Time We Love starring Margaret Sullavan James Stewart Ray Milland Night Mail documentary GB The Only Son Hitori musuko directed by Yasujirō Ozu Japan Osaka Elegy Naniwa erejii directed by Kenji Mizoguchi Japan Our Relations starring Laurel and Hardy Palm Springs starring Frances Langford and David Niven Paradise Road Ulička v ráji Czechoslovakia Pennies from Heaven starring Bing Crosby and Madge Evans The Petrified Forest starring Leslie Howard Humphrey Bogart Bette Davis Poppy starring The Plainsman starring Gary Cooper and Jean Arthur Poor Little Rich Girl starring Shirley Temple Alice Faye Jack Haley The Prisoner of Shark Island directed by John Ford starring Warner Baxter and Gloria Stuart Private Number starring Loretta Young and Robert Taylor RZ Red River Valley starring Gene Autry Redes directed by Fred Zinnemann Mexico Reefer Madness aka Tell Your Children a cult exploitation film Rembrandt directed by Alexander Korda starring Charles Laughton GB Road Gang starring Donald Woods The Road to Glory directed by Howard Hawks starring Lionel Barrymore and Fredric March Romeo and Juliet starring Norma Shearer Leslie Howard John Barrymore Basil Rathbone Rose Marie starring Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy Sabotage directed by Alfred Hitchcock starring Sylvia Sidney and Oskar Homolka GB San Francisco starring Clark Gable Jeanette MacDonald Spencer Tracy Satan Met a Lady starring Warren William and Bette Davis Secret Agent directed by Alfred Hitchcock starring John Gielgud and Madeleine Carroll GB Show Boat starring Irene Dunne Allan Jones Charles Winninger Paul Robeson Helen Morgan The Singing Kid starring Al Jolson Sisters of the Gion Gion no shimai directed by Kenji Mizoguchi Japan Small Town Girl directed by William Wellman starring Janet Gaynor Robert Taylor James Stewart Sportszerelem Hungary Spy of Napoleon directed by Maurice Elvey starring Richard Barthelmess and Dolly Haas GB The Story of Louis Pasteur starring Paul Muni Stowaway starring Shirley Temple Robert Young Alice Faye Sutters Gold starring Edward Arnold Sweeney Todd The Demon Barber of Fleet Street starring Tod Slaughter GB Swing Time starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Tarzan Escapes starring Johnny Weissmuller The Texas Rangers directed by King Vidor starring Fred MacMurray and Jack Oakie Theodora Goes Wild starring Irene Dunne and Melvyn Douglas These Three starring Miriam Hopkins Merle Oberon Joel McCrea adapted from Lillian Hellman play The Childrens Hour Things to Come directed by William Cameron Menzies starring Raymond Massey Ralph Richardson Cedric Hardwicke GB Thirteen Hours by Air starring Fred MacMurray and Joan Bennett Three Godfathers starring Chester Morris Lewis Stone Walter Brennan Till We Meet Again starring Herbert Marshall and Gertrude Michael Too Many Parents debut film for Frances Farmer The Trail of the Lonesome Pine starring Sylvia Sidney Fred MacMurray Henry Fonda Tudor Rose starring Cedric Hardwicke Nova Pilbeam John Mills GB The Walking Dead directed by Michael Curtiz starring Boris Karloff Where Theres a Will starring Will Hay GB Whom the Gods Love directed by Basil Dean starring Stephen Haggard Victoria Hopper GB Wife vs Secretary starring Clark Gable Jean Harlow Myrna Loy Windbag the Sailor starring Will Hay GB A Woman Rebels starring Katharine Hepburn and Herbert Marshall Yiddle with his Fiddle starring Molly Picon Poland USA Serials Ace Drummond starring John Dusty King The Adventures of Frank Merriwell The Black Coin The Clutching Hand Custers Last Stand Darkest Africa starring Clyde Beatty Flash Gordon starring Buster Crabbe The Phantom Rider Robinson Crusoe of Clipper Island starring Ray Mala Shadow of Chinatown Undersea Kingdom starring Ray Corrigan The Vigilantes Are Coming Comedy film series Harold Lloyd 19131938 Charlie Chaplin 19141940 Lupino Lane 19151939 Buster Keaton 19171928 Laurel and Hardy 1927 1940 Our Gang 1922 1944 Harry Langdon 19241936 Wheeler Woolsey 19291937 The Marx Brothers 19291946 The Three Stooges 19331962 Animated short film series Felix the Cat 1919 1936 Krazy Kat 1925 1940 Oswald the Lucky Rabbit 1927 1938 Mickey Mouse 1928 1953 Silly Symphonies Elmer Elephant Three Little Wolves Toby Tortoise Returns Three Blind Mousketeers The Country Cousin Mother Pluto More Kittens Screen Songs 1929 1938 Looney Tunes 1930 1969 Terrytoons 1930 1964 Merrie Melodies 1931 1969 Scrappy 1931 1941 Betty Boop 1932 1939 Popeye 1933 1957 ComiColor Cartoons 1933 1936 Happy Harmonies 1934 1938 Color Rhapsodies 1934 1949 Rainbow Parades 1935 1936 Meany Miny and Moe 1936 1937 Births January 22 Nyree Dawn Porter English actress d 2001 January 27 Troy Donahue American actor d 2001 January 28 Alan Alda American actor February 11 Burt Reynolds American actor d 2018 March 1 Georgina Spelvin pornographic film actress March 5 Dean Stockwell American actor March 19 Ursula Andress Swiss actress May 1 Danièle Huillet French director d 2006 May 9 Glenda Jackson English actress and politician May 17 Dennis Hopper American actor and performance artist d 2010 June 4 Bruce Dern American actor July 5 Shirley Knight American actress August 13 Vyjayanthimala Indian actress politician dancer and singer August 18 Robert Redford American actor and director August 25 Hugh Hudson English director October 9 Brian Blessed English actor October 16 Irina Demick French actress d 2004 December 8 David Carradine American actor and martial artist d 2009 December 10 Howard Smith American journalist director and producer d 2014 December 23 Frederic Forrest American actor December 25 Ismail Merchant Indian film producer d 2005 December 29 Mary Tyler Moore American actress d 2017 Deaths January 9 John Gilbert American actor b 1897 January 24 Harry T Morey American actor b 1873 February 20 Max Schreck German actor b 1879 February 28 Justus Hagman Swedish actor b 1859 April 6 Väinö Lehmus Finnish actor b 1886 June 17 Henry B Walthall American actor b 1897 September 14 Irving Thalberg American film producer b 1899 October 17 Suzanne Bianchetti French actress b 1889 Debuts Lloyd Bridges Freshman Love Gloria DeHaven Modern Times Van Heflin A Woman Rebels Tony Martin Follow the Fleet Anthony Quinn The Milky Way Margaret Rutherford Dusty Ermine Notes a b c d e f The Eddie Mannix Ledger Los Angeles Margaret Herrick Library Center for Motion Picture Study a b Glancy H Mark 1995 Warner Bros Film Grosses 192151 the William Schaefer ledger Historical Journal of Film Radio and Television 15 a b Richard Jewel RKO Film Grosses 19311951 Historical Journal of Film Radio and Television Vol 14 No 1 1994 The Biggest Money Making Stars of 1936 Motion Picture Herald Quigley Publishing Company January 9 1937 p 13 Retrieved April 24 2018 Exhibitors Name Biggest Western Draws Motion Picture Herald Quigley Publishing Company January 9 1937 p 18 Retrieved April 24 2018 v t e 1936 films American Argentine Brazilian British Egyptian French German Indian Bollywood Marathi Ollywood Italian Soviet Categories 1936 in film Years in film

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2012 Champions League Twenty20 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia 2012 Champions League Twenty20 Administrators BCCI CA CSA Cricket format Twenty20 Tournament formats Roundrobin and knockout Hosts South Africa Champions Sydney Sixers 1st title Participants 10 group stage 14 total Matches played 29 Player of the series Mitchell Starc 14 wickets Most runs Michael Lumb 226 runs Most wickets Mitchell Starc 14 wickets Official website wwwclt20com 2011 2013 The 2012 Champions League Twenty20 CLT20 was the fourth edition of the Champions League Twenty20 an international Twenty20 cricket tournament It was held in South Africa from 9 to 28 October 2012 This edition was significant for being the first to feature a Pakistani team This was the first season to have Karbonn Mobiles as the title sponsor They replaced Nokia who withdrew from their fouryear deal after just one year The Sydney Sixers emerged the winners of the tournament defeating the Highveld Lions in the final Contents 1 Background 11 In Twenty20 cricket 12 Team preparation 2 Format 21 Prize money 3 Qualification 4 Teams 5 Squads 6 Venues 7 71 Warmup matches 72 Qualifying stage 73 Group stage 74 Knockout stage 8 Statistics 81 Most runs 82 Most wickets 9 Criticism and controversy 10 See also 11 12 External links Background In Twenty20 cricket Since the previous edition three Test playing nations introduced new premier Twenty20 tournaments Australia created the Big Bash League which began in December 2011 Compared to the previous KFC Twenty20 Big Bash it has citybased franchise teams more matches and allows two overseas players in the team It was very well received with high attendance and good television viewership The inaugural season of the Sri Lanka Premier League was held in August 2012 and also featured new privately owned citybased franchise teams and participation from overseas players Sri Lankas previous Twenty20 tournament had a low profile and a primary focus on providing opportunities for players Bangladesh the lowest ranked in Test cricket created the Bangladesh Premier League their first premier Twenty20 tournament in February 2012 However their teams were not considered for the CLT20 Other nations made no major changes to their tournaments South Africas MiWay T20 Challenge included a new team to give exposure to more players but was disbanded after the season In the four weeks directly preceding the CLT20 the only international cricket played was in the Twenty20 format including the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 which ran for 20 days and ended 2 days before the CLT20 started Team preparation As preparations for the tournament the Trinidad and Tobago team will play two Twenty20 competitions both held at their home ground of Queens Park Oval in Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago They competed in the Twenty20 for 50 competition held 24 to 26 August and also involving Jamaica and two allstar teamsthe Daren Ganga XI and the Brian Lara XI TT won the competition and all their matches From 6 to 8 September TT will play the Asia vs the Caribbean tournament also involving the national teams of Barbados Afghanistan and Bangladesh TT Afghanistan and Bangladesh were tied first with two wins each but came third on net run rate The TT government also offered 5 million in funding to prepare the team for the tournament During the Sialkot Stallions preparations they encountered issues when the Pakistan Cricket Board appointed Naushad Ali to replace Naeem Akhtar as team manager The team were unhappy with the decision as Akhtar had held the position for a long time and knew the team well The decision affected team morale and their preparations The PCB then replaced Ali with Zaheer Abbas Format The tournament will feature a qualifying stage introduced in the 2011 edition As with all previous editions the tournament format was changed only two teams qualify from the qualifying stage to the group stage Six teams participate in the qualifying stage from which two teams advance to the group stage to join eight direct entrants The top four teams from the group stage advance to the knockout stage The qualifying and group stages have the teams divided into two equal groups with each playing a roundrobin tournament and the top two teams of each group advance to the next stage The knockout stage consists of two semifinals with the top team of one group facing the second from the other The winners of the semifinals play the grand final to determine the winners of the competition Points awarded in the qualifying and group stages Result Points Win 4 points No result 2 points Loss 0 points Prize money Same as previous editions the total prize money for the competition is US 6 million In addition to the prize money each team receives a participation fee of 500000 The prize money will be distributed as follows 200000 Each team eliminated in the group stage 500000 Each semifinalist 13 million Runnersup 25 million Winners Qualification This tournament will feature a team from Pakistan for the first time Pakistans participation had not been considered for past editions of the tournament due to the hostility between India and Pakistan since the 2008 Mumbai attacks The attacks were also responsible for the cancellation of the planned first edition of the tournament in 2008 for which a Pakistan team had qualified Representation from Australia changes to teams from the Big Bash League which replaced their previous premier Twenty20 tournament and features new citybased teams instead of the previous firstclass teams Similarly representation from Sri Lanka changes to teams from the Sri Lanka Premier League which features franchise teams While the 2011 edition had the fourthplaced Indian team play the qualifying stage this years team the Mumbai Indians directly qualified for the main tournament on account of being the defending champions Direct entry qualifying tournaments 2012 Indian Premier League India 4 top four teams 201112 Big Bash League Australia 2 Winners and runnersup 201112 MiWay T20 Challenge South Africa 2 Winners and runnersup Qualifying stage England New Zealand Pakistan Sri Lanka West Indies 2 Top team from each group Teams This edition will not feature the Royal Challengers Bangalore who participated in all the previous editions The New South Wales Blues who won the 2009 tournament no longer play Twenty20 cricket However the Sydney Sixers contain many former Blues players in their squad including nine who were in the Blues squad from the 2011 tournament Qualified teams Perth Scorchers 201112 Big Bash League Runnersup 1st 21 January 2012 Sydney Sixers 201112 Big Bash League Winners 1st 22 January 2012 Highveld Lions 201112 MiWay T20 Challenge Runnersup 2nd 18 March 2012 Titans 201112 MiWay T20 Challenge Winners 1st 1 April 2012 Delhi Daredevils 2012 Indian Premier League Third place 2nd 15 May 2012 Kolkata Knight Riders 2012 Indian Premier League Winners 2nd 17 May 2012 Mumbai Indians 2012 Indian Premier League Fourth place 3rd 19 May 2012 Chennai Super Kings 2012 Indian Premier League Runnersup 3rd 20 May 2012 Auckland Aces Qualifying stage Pool 1 winners 2nd 10 October 2012 Yorkshire Carnegie Qualifying stage Pool 2 winners 1st 10 October 2012 Teams participating in the qualifying stage Auckland Aces 201112 HRV Cup Winners 22 January 2012 Trinidad and Tobago 201112 Caribbean Twenty20 Winners 22 January 2012 Sialkot Stallions 2012 Faysal Bank Super Eight T20 Cup Winners 1 April 2012 Yorkshire Carnegie 2012 Friends Life t20 Runnersup 25 August 2012 Hampshire Royals 2012 Friends Life t20 Winners 25 August 2012 Uva Next 2012 Sri Lanka Premier League Winners 31 August 2012 Squads Main article 2012 Champions League Twenty20 squads As with previous editions several players qualified for the tournament with multiple teams allowing them to play for the teams of their choosing Should a player decline the option of playing for his home team his chosen team must pay the home team a compensation fee of 150000 Nine players were nominated in preliminary squad of more than one team and all of them chose to play for their Indian Premier League teams As a result teams lost players who helped them qualify for the tournament Amongst these teams Trinidad and Tobago were very determined to have Kieron Pollard Dwayne Bravo and Sunil Narine represent them their national team instead of their IPL teams The TT government offered to match the higher match fees given by the IPL teams as compensation In June TT sports minister Anil Roberts announced that the players wanted to play for TT and were close to signing memorandums of understanding All three players eventually chose to play for their IPL teams despite their efforts Venues The organisers originally considered hosting the tournament at five venues across India Kolkata Chennai Hyderabad Bangalore and New Delhi This was later changed due to the possibility of monsoons and Durga Puja celebrations and the organisers chose South Africa as the host The teams that qualified through the Indian Premier League were opposed to this idea as it would likely affect their revenue which is dependent on television viewership The venues are Cape Town Johannesburg Centurion and Durban Durban Centurion Johannesburg Cape Town Kingsmead Capacity 25000 SuperSport Park Capacity 20000 New Wanderers Stadium Capacity 34000 Newlands Capacity 25000 Johannesburg Durban Centurion Cape Town All times shown are in South African Standard Time UTC02 Warmup matches 7 October Scorecard Hampshire Royals 1358 20 overs v Uva Next 1888 184 overs Sean Ervine 37 38 Jacob Oram 313 4 overs Andrew McDonald 70 25 Kabir Ali 225 3 overs Uva Next won by 6 wickets New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Johan Cloete and Shaun George Uva Next won the toss and elected to field 7 October Scorecard Yorkshire Carnegie 1467 20 overs v Sialkot Stallions 1236 20 overs Andrew Gale 61 55 Bilawal Bhatti 320 4 overs Faisal Naved 28 27 Adil Rashid 220 4 overs Yorkshire Carnegie won by 23 runs New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Johan Cloete and Shaun George Yorkshire Carnegie won the toss and elected to bat 11 October Scorecard Delhi Daredevils 109 20 overs v Sydney Sixers 1375 20 overs Ross Taylor 30 27 Mitchell Starc 317 4 overs Moisés Henriques 46 30 Pawan Negi 216 3 overs Sydney Sixers won by 5 wickets SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Shaun George and Brad White Sydney Sixers won the toss and elected to field 11 October Scorecard Kolkata Knight Riders 1044 125 overs v Highveld Lions Gautam Gambhir 31 24 Zander de Bruyn 219 3 overs No result SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Shaun George and Brad White Highveld Lions won the toss and elected to field 12 October Scorecard Perth Scorchers 1696 20 overs v Mumbai Indians 136 195 overs Herschelle Gibbs 66 40 Mitchell Johnson 213 3 overs Kieron Pollard 31 24 Ben Edmondson 428 35 overs Perth Scorchers won by 33 runs New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Shaun George and Brad White Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field 12 October Scorecard Titans v Chennai Super Kings Match abandoned without a ball bowled New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Shaun George and Brad White Qualifying stage Pool 1 Team Pld W L NR Pts NRR Auckland Aces 2 2 0 0 8 1904 Sialkot Stallions 2 1 1 0 4 1858 Hampshire Royals 2 0 2 0 0 2796 9 October 1730 DN Scorecard Sialkot Stallions 1309 20 overs v Auckland Aces 1364 171 overs Shahid Yousuf 39 25 Kyle Mills 26 4 overs Martin Guptill 40 32 Sarfraz Ahmed 231 4 overs Auckland Aces won by 6 wickets New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Kumar Dharmasena SL and Marais Erasmus SA Player of the match Kyle Mills Auckland Aces Sialkot Stallions won the toss and elected to bat 10 October 1330 Scorecard Hampshire Royals 1218 20 overs v Auckland Aces 1232 143 overs Michael Carberry 65 65 Azhar Mahmood 524 4 overs Azhar Mahmood 55 30 Chris Wood 121 2 overs Auckland Aces won by 8 wickets SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Kumar Dharmasena SL Player of the match Azhar Mahmood Auckland Aces Auckland Aces won the toss and elected to field Auckland Aces qualify for the Group Stage Hampshire Royals and Sialkot Stallions are eliminated as a result of this match 11 October 1730 DN Scorecard Hampshire Royals 1438 20 overs v Sialkot Stallions 1444 191 overs Glenn Maxwell 42 29 Umaid Asif 242 4 overs Haris Sohail 63 57 Liam Dawson 114 2 overs Sialkot Stallions won by 6 wickets New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Kumar Dharmasena SL Player of the match Haris Sohail Sialkot Stallions Sialkot Stallions won the toss and elected to field Pool 2 Team Pld W L NR Pts NRR Yorkshire Carnegie 2 2 0 0 8 0510 2 0 1 1 2 0244 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0 1 1 2 0777 9 October 1330 Scorecard Uva Next 1507 20 overs v Yorkshire Carnegie 1515 193 overs Thilina Kandamby 29 22 Moin Ashraf 229 4 overs David Miller 39 29 Dilshan Munaweera 332 4 overs Yorkshire Carnegie won by 5 wickets New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Marais Erasmus SA Player of the match Adil Rashid Yorkshire Carnegie Yorkshire Carnegie won the toss and elected to field T20 debut Dan Hodgson Yorkshire Carnegie 10 October 1730 DN Scorecard Trinidad and Tobago 1489 20 overs v Yorkshire Carnegie 1544 185 overs Dinesh Ramdin 59 40 Ryan Sidebottom 313 4 overs Gary Ballance 64 37 Yannick Ottley 116 2 overs Yorkshire Carnegie won by 6 wickets SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Marais Erasmus SA Player of the match Gary Ballance Yorkshire Carnegie Trinidad and Tobago won the toss and elected to bat Yorkshire Carnegie qualify for the Group Stage Trinidad and Tobago and are eliminated as a result of this match 11 October 1330 Scorecard Trinidad and Tobago 1813 20 overs v Uva Next 01 01 overs Darren Bravo 54 42 Andrew McDonald 128 4 overs Shannon Gabriel 10 01 overs No result New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Kumar Dharmasena SL and Marais Erasmus SA Uva Next won the toss and elected to field Match abandoned after first ball of second innings due to rain Group stage Group A Team Pld W L NR Pts NRR Delhi Daredevils 4 2 0 2 12 1440 Titans 4 2 1 1 10 0017 Kolkata Knight Riders 4 1 2 1 6 0488 Perth Scorchers 4 1 2 1 6 0474 Auckland Aces 4 1 2 1 6 0963 13 October 1330 Scorecard Titans 1634 20 overs v Perth Scorchers 1247 20 overs Jacques Rudolph 83 59 Nathan Rimmington 220 4 overs Mitchell Marsh 52 41 Cornelius de Villiers 316 4 overs Titans won by 39 runs SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and Marais Erasmus SA Player of the match Cornelius de Villiers Titans Perth Scorchers won the toss and elected to field 13 October 1730 DN Scorecard Delhi Daredevils 1608 20 overs v Kolkata Knight Riders 1087 20 overs Unmukt Chand 40 27 Sunil Narine 321 4 overs Manoj Tiwary 33 38 Umesh Yadav 213 4 overs Delhi Daredevils won by 52 runs SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and Rod Tucker Aus Player of the match Irfan Pathan Delhi Daredevils Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field 15 October 1730 DN Scorecard Kolkata Knight Riders 1376 20 overs v Auckland Aces 1393 174 overs Brendon McCullum 40 35 Azhar Mahmood 316 4 overs Azhar Mahmood 51 42 Sunil Narine 224 4 overs Auckland Aces won by 7 wickets Newlands Cape Town Umpires Kumar Dharmasena SL and Rod Tucker Aus Player of the match Azhar Mahmood Auckland Aces Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to bat 17 October 1330 Scorecard Titans 1724 20 overs v Auckland Aces 113 181 overs Jacques Rudolph 63 56 Michael Bates 121 3 overs Andre Adams 30 17 Alfonso Thomas 318 31 overs Titans won by 59 runs Kingsmead Durban Umpires Simon Taufel Aus and S Ravi Ind Player of the match Farhaan Behardien Titans Auckland Aces won the toss and elected to field 17 October 1730 DN Scorecard Perth Scorchers 912 14 overs v Kolkata Knight Riders Simon Katich 43 32 Brett Lee 111 2 overs No result Kingsmead Durban Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Simon Taufel Aus Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field Kolkata Knight Riders are eliminated as a result of this match 19 October 1730 DN Scorecard Delhi Daredevils v Auckland Aces No result Kingsmead Durban Umpires Marais Erasmus SA and Simon Taufel Aus Match abandoned without a toss due to rain 21 October 1330 Scorecard Perth Scorchers 1215 20 overs v Delhi Daredevils 1237 193 overs Shaun Marsh 39 41 Morne Morkel 319 4 overs Virender Sehwag 52 44 Michael Beer 218 4 overs Delhi Daredevils won by 3 wickets Newlands Cape Town Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Simon Taufel Aus Player of the match Ajit Agarkar Delhi Daredevils Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field Perth Scorchers are eliminated as a result of this match 21 October 1730 DN Scorecard Kolkata Knight Riders 1885 20 overs v Titans 89 164 overs Gautam Gambhir 44 36 Roelof van der Merwe 218 4 overs Jacques Rudolph 25 24 Lakshmipathy Balaji 419 4 overs Kolkata Knight Riders won by 99 runs Newlands Cape Town Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Marais Erasmus SA Player of the match Debabrata Das Kolkata Knight Riders Titans won the toss and elected to field 23 October 1330 Scorecard Perth Scorchers 1407 20 overs v Auckland Aces 1248 20 overs Paul Collingwood 38 27 Michael Bates 434 4 overs Martin Guptill 36 32 Michael Beer 313 4 overs Perth Scorchers won by 16 runs SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Marais Erasmus SA and Simon Taufel Aus Player of the match Michael Beer Perth Scorchers Perth Scorchers won the toss and elected to bat Auckland Aces are eliminated and Dehli Daredevils and Titans qualify for the Semi Finals as a result of this match 23 October 1730 DN Scorecard Delhi Daredevils v Titans No result SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Simon Taufel Aus Titans cricket team Match abandoned without a ball bowled due to rain Group B Team Pld W L NR Pts NRR Sydney Sixers 4 4 0 0 16 1656 Highveld Lions 4 3 1 0 12 0140 Chennai Super Kings 4 2 2 0 8 0049 Mumbai Indians 4 0 3 1 2 0471 Yorkshire Carnegie 4 0 3 1 2 1791 14 October 1330 Scorecard Sydney Sixers 1855 20 overs v Chennai Super Kings 1719 20 overs Moisés Henriques 49 23 Ravichandran Ashwin 232 4 overs Suresh Raina 57 33 Moisés Henriques 323 3 overs Sydney Sixers won by 14 runs New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Marais Erasmus SA Player of the match Moisés Henriques Sydney Sixers Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field 14 October 1730 DN Scorecard Mumbai Indians 1576 20 overs v Highveld Lions 1582 185 overs Mitchell Johnson 30 29 Sohail Tanvir 231 4 overs Neil McKenzie 68 41 Lasith Malinga 118 35 overs Highveld Lions won by 8 wickets New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Marais Erasmus SA and Simon Taufel Aus Player of the match Neil McKenzie Highveld Lions Highveld Lions won the toss and elected to field 16 October 1330 Scorecard Yorkshire Carnegie 969 20 overs v Sydney Sixers 982 85 overs Joe Root 25 24 Mitchell Starc 322 4 overs Michael Lumb 43 24 Azeem Rafiq 121 15 overs Sydney Sixers won by 8 wickets Newlands Cape Town Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and Rod Tucker Aus Player of the match Brad Haddin Sydney Sixers Yorkshire Carnegie won the toss and elected to bat 16 October 1730 DN Scorecard Chennai Super Kings 1586 20 Overs v Highveld Lions 1594 193 Overs MS Dhoni 34 26 Aaron Phangiso 217 4 Overs Gulam Bodi 64 46 Doug Bollinger 218 4 Overs Highveld Lions won by 6 wickets Newlands Cape Town Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and Kumar Dharmasena SL Player of the match Aaron Phangiso Highveld Lions Highveld Lions won the toss and elected to field 18 October 1330 Scorecard Highveld Lions 1379 20 overs v Sydney Sixers 1415 19 overs Gulam Bodi 61 44 Mitchell Starc 319 4 overs Shane Watson 47 38 Aaron Phangiso 314 4 Overs Sydney Sixers won by 5 wickets Newlands Cape Town Umpires Kumar Dharmasena SL and Rod Tucker Aus Player of the match Mitchell Starc Sydney Sixers Sydney Sixers won the toss and elected to field 18 October 1730 DN Scorecard Mumbai Indians 1566 175 overs v Yorkshire Carnegie Kieron Pollard 37 20 Azeem Rafiq 236 4 overs No result Newlands Cape Town Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and Rod Tucker Aus Yorkshire Carnegie won the toss and elected to field Sydney Sixers qualify for the Semi Finals as a result of this match 20 October 1330 Scorecard Yorkshire Carnegie 1317 20 overs v Highveld Lions 1345 192 overs Phil Jaques 31 29 Aaron Phangiso 223 4 overs Quinton de Kock 32 35 Steven Patterson 221 32 overs Highveld Lions won by 5 wickets New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and Kumar Dharmasena SL Player of the match Jean Symes Highveld Lions Highveld Lions won the toss and elected to field Highveld Lions qualify for the Semi Finals and Mumbai Indians Chennai Super Kings and Yorkshire Carnegie are eliminated as a result of this match 20 October 1730 DN Scorecard Chennai Super Kings 1738 20 overs v Mumbai Indians 1677 20 overs Faf du Plessis 52 33 Lasith Malinga 532 4 overs Dinesh Karthik 74 45 Ben Hilfenhaus 214 4 overs Chennai Super Kings won by 6 runs New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Umpires Kumar Dharmasena SL and Rod Tucker Aus Player of the match Ben Hilfenhaus Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field 22 October 1330 Scorecard Yorkshire Carnegie 1406 20 overs v Chennai Super Kings 1416 19 overs Gary Ballance 58 38 Albie Morkel 212 4 overs Subramaniam Badrinath 47 38 Steven Patterson 222 3 overs Chennai Super Kings won by 4 wickets Kingsmead Durban Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and Rod Tucker Aus Player of the match Subramaniam Badrinath Chennai Super Kings Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field 22 October 1730 DN Scorecard Sydney Sixers 1367 20 overs v Mumbai Indians 1248 20 overs Steve Smith 41 41 Munaf Patel 217 4 overs Dwayne Smith 26 28 Pat Cummins 216 4 overs Sydney Sixers won by 12 runs Kingsmead Durban Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and S Ravi Ind Player of the match Steve Smith Sydney Sixers Sydney Sixers won the toss and elected to bat Knockout stage Semifinals Final A1 Delhi Daredevils 1179 20 overs B2 Highveld Lions 1395 20 overs B2 Highveld Lions 121 20 overs B1 Sydney Sixers 1240 123 overs A2 Titans 1635 20 overs B1 Sydney Sixers 1648 20 overs Semifinals 25 October 1730 DN Scorecard Highveld Lions 1395 20 overs v Delhi Daredevils 1179 20 overs Gulam Bodi 50 49 Umesh Yadav 220 4 overs Kevin Pietersen 50 44 Chris Morris 27 4 overs Highveld Lions won by 22 runs Kingsmead Durban Umpires Kumar Dharmasena SL and Rod Tucker Aus Player of the match Neil McKenzie Highveld Lions Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field Highveld Lions qualify for the Final and Delhi Daredevils are eliminated as a result of this match 26 October 1730 DN Scorecard Titans 1635 20 overs v Sydney Sixers 1648 20 overs David Wiese 61 28 Mitchell Starc 233 4 overs Michael Lumb 33 20 Alfonso Thomas 236 4 overs Sydney Sixers won by 2 wickets SuperSport Park Centurion Umpires Asad Rauf Pak and Marais Erasmus SA Player of the match Stephen OKeefe Sydney Sixers Titans won the toss and elected to bat Sydney Sixers qualify for the Final and Titans are eliminated as a result of this match Final 28 October 1730 DN Scorecard Highveld Lions 121 20 overs v Sydney Sixers 1240 123 overs Jean Symes 51 46 Josh Hazlewood 322 4 overs Michael Lumb 82 42 Sohail Tanvir 016 3 overs Sydney Sixers won by 10 wickets New Wanderers Stadium Johannesburg Attendance 28719 Umpires Aleem Dar Pak and Simon Taufel Aus Player of the match Michael Lumb Sydney Sixers Sydney Sixers won the toss and elected to field Statistics Most runs Michael Lumb Sydney Sixers 6 226 5650 15586 82 0 1 31 7 Gulam Bodi Highveld Lions 6 208 3466 11751 64 0 3 16 10 Neil McKenzie Highveld Lions 6 176 4400 13435 68 0 1 24 1 Jacques Rudolph Titans 4 172 5733 11944 83 0 2 18 3 Henry Davids Titans 4 162 5400 14210 59 0 2 13 9 Most wickets Mitchell Starc Sydney Sixers 6 14 1235 720 319 102 0 0 Azhar Mahmood Auckland Aces 5 10 1160 644 524 108 0 1 Aaron Phangiso Highveld Lions 6 10 1180 536 314 132 0 0 Lasith Malinga Mumbai Indians 3 8 1075 726 532 88 0 1 Moisés Henriques Sydney Sixers 6 8 1450 725 323 120 0 0 Criticism and controversy The changes to the tournament format were met with criticism from the Trinidad and Tobago team The changes resulted in the Mumbai Indians receiving a spot in the group stage previously given to a team from the qualifying stage leaving Trinidad and Tobago with a lesser chance of advancing to the group stage The Mumbai Indians were given the spot on account of being the defending champions The eight teams receiving direct entry are all from India Australia and South Africa the three countries arranging the tournament These teams were selected instead of Trinidad and Tobago despite their good performances in past editions and their winloss recordthe best in the history of the tournament On 28 August Lalit Modi the former chairman of both the IPL and the CLT20 claimed on Twitter that the Board of Control for Cricket in India were arm twisting to make Kieron Pollard Dwayne Bravo and Sunil Narine play for their IPL teams instead of their national team of Trinidad and Tobago Modi claimed the BCCI threatened to withdraw Trinidad and Tobagos invitation to participate in the tournament and threatened the players with their IPL contracts See also 2008 Champions League Twenty20 2009 Champions League Twenty20 2010 Champions League Twenty20 2011 Champions League Twenty20 2013 Champions League Twenty20 References a b c South Africa to host Champions League Cricinfo ESPN 26 June 2012 Retrieved 20120626 a b Mumbai grouped with Chennai for CLT20 Cricinfo ESPN 27 July 2012 Retrieved 20120728 a b c Datta Dwaipayan 26 May 2012 Five cities shortlisted to host Champions League Twenty20 The Times of India Retrieved 20120528 Engineer Tariq 7 August 2012 CLT20 signs new sponsorship deal Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120807 New look and feel for freshly formed Big Bash teams Cricinfo ESPN 6 April 2011 Retrieved 20120626 Conn Malcolm 12 January 2012 Cricket Australia looks at expanding KFC T20 Big Bash League on back of incredible ratings and crowd figures Fox Sports Retrieved 20120626 Malcolm Alex 7 February 2012 The revolution has been televised Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120626 Engineer Tariq 7 May 2012 Sri Lanka Premier League set for August this year Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120626 Paranavithana Ranjan 29 May 2011 Who will benefit from the new Sri Lanka Premier League T20 tournament Island Cricket Retrieved 20120626 Engineer Tariq 28 December 2011 Bangladesh Premier League to begin on February 9 Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120626 Moonda Firdose 13 February 2012 New franchise in SA domestic T20 tournament Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120822 Moonda Firdose 2 August 2012 South Africa domestic season from September 20 Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120822 Moonda Firdose 3 October 2012 Will CLT20 be hit by Twenty20 overload Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20121003 Lara serious about T20 for 50 Trinidad Express Newspaper 23 August 2012 Archived from the original on 25 August 2012 Retrieved 24 August 2012 Seepersad Roger 23 August 2012 TT favourites Trinidad Express Newspaper Archived from the original on 30 August 2012 Retrieved 24 August 2012 Seepersad Roger 27 August 2012 Williams Champs TT stand up to pressure Trinidad Express Newspaper Archived from the original on 30 August 2012 Retrieved 28 August 2012 Seepersad Roger 17 August 2012 Tough Tuneups Trinidad Express Newspaper Archived from the original on 22 August 2012 Retrieved 24 August 2012 Nicholas Stephon 18 August 2012 Bangladesh WCup team to play Red Force Trinidad and Tobagos Newsday Retrieved 20120824 Tigers finish runnersup in Trinidad Quadrangular T20 Financial Express Bangladesh 10 September 2012 Retrieved 20120911 a b Govt pledge 5m for T20 campaign Trinidad and Tobagos Newsday 5 September 2012 Retrieved 20120906 Cricket Sialkot unhappy with PCBs interference The Express Tribune 28 August 2012 Retrieved 20120908 Changes in team management affecting Sialkot Stallions CLT20 preparations says Zulfiqar Malik Bettor 7 September 2012 Archived from the original on 18 January 2013 Retrieved 20120908 Hussain Fawad 3 September 2012 Sialkot under crisis ahead of Champions League The Express Tribune Retrieved 20120908 Cricket Zaheer Abbas named Stallions manager The Express Tribune 6 September 2012 Retrieved 20120908 a b c CLT20 from October 928 fourth IPL team gets direct entry Cricinfo ESPN 3 July 2012 Retrieved 20120726 Ravindran Siddarth 12 May 2012 CLT20 set to have team from Pakistan Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120512 Farooq Umar 12 May 2012 Indias move step towards reviving bilateral ties PCB Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120514 Pakistan welcomes India invitation Pakistan Observer 14 May 2012 Archived from the original on 12 July 2012 Retrieved 14 May 2012 New look and feel for freshly formed Big Bash teams Cricinfo ESPN 6 April 2011 Retrieved 20120518 Engineer Tariq 13 June 2012 Sri Lanka Premier League adopts franchise model Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120916 Basu Indranil 24 June 2012 Mumbai Indians to get direct entry to CLT20 The Times of India Retrieved 20120625 a b Mitchell Marsh and Gibbs power Scorchers to final Cricinfo ESPN 21 January 2012 Retrieved 20120408 a b Malcolm Alex 22 January 2012 Bowlers Maddinson help Sixers reach final Cricinfo ESPN Retrieved 20120408 Ravindran Siddarth 6 October 2011 Warner Watson the major threats Vettori

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A G Gaston From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Arthur George Gaston July 4 1892 January 19 1996 was an American businessman who established a number of businesses in Birmingham Alabama and who played a significant role in the struggle to integrate Birmingham in 1963 In his lifetime Gastons companies were some of the most prominent AfricanAmerican businesses in the American South Contents 1 Early life 2 Business growth 3 Political activities 4 Violence against Gaston 5 Death and legacy 6 Notes 7 Early life The grandson of an enslaved person A G Gaston was born July 4 1892 in Demopolis Alabama to Tom and Rosa McDonald Gaston Gastons father died while he was still an infant He grew up in a log cabin with his mother and grandparents Joe and Idella Gaston He moved to Birmingham in 1905 with the Loveman family who employed his mother as a cook Gastons formal education ended with the 10th grade After earning his certificate from the Tuggle Institute which only went through the 10th grade he served in the army in France during World War I and then went to work in the mines run by Tennessee Coal Iron and Railroad Company in Fairfield Alabama Business growth While working in the mines he hit on the plan of selling lunches to his fellow miners and then branched into loaning money to them at twentyfive percent interest It was also while working in the mines that he conceived of the idea of offering burial insurance to coworkers He had noticed that mine widows would come to the mines and to local churches to collect donations in order to bury their husbands and he wondered if people would give a few dimes into a burial society to bury their dead As a result Gaston formed the Booker T Washington Burial Society which later became the Booker T Washington Insurance Company Driven out of Fairfield because of his fatherinlaws political differences with the mayor Gaston and his family moved to Birmingham Gaston bought and renovated a property on the edge of Kelly Ingram Park in downtown Birmingham where in partnership with his fatherinlaw he started the Smith Gaston Funeral Home in 1938 Smith Gaston sponsored gospel music programs on local radio stations and launched a quartet of its own Realizing that there were not enough blacks with sufficient training to be able to work in the insurance and funeral industries In 1939 he and his secondwife established the Booker T Washington business school Other Gaston enterprises included Citizens Federal Savings and Loan Association the first blackowned financial institution in Birmingham in more than forty years On July 1 1954 Gaston opened the AG Gaston Motel on a site adjoining Kelly Ingram park Political activities While his fatherinlaw had been an active supporter of voting rights and his second wife Minnie L Gardner Gaston Minnie was a founder of the National Council of Negro Women and an avid advocate for education reform Gaston himself kept a low political profile through most of the 1940s and 1950s Although Gaston was reluctant to confront white authorities and the white business establishment directly Gaston supported the civil rights movement financially He offered financial support to Autherine Lucy who had sued to integrate the University of Alabama and had provided financial assistance to residents of Tuskegee who faced foreclosure because of their role in a boycott of whiteowned businesses called to protest their disenfranchisement When Rev Fred Shuttlesworth a civil rights leader in Birmingham founded the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights in the wake of the outlawing of the NAACP in the State of Alabama in 1956 the group held its first meeting at Smith Gastons offices When students at Miles College a historically black college in Fairfield attempted to use sitin and boycott tactics to desegregate downtown Birmingham in 1962 Gaston used his position as a member of the board of trustees of the institution to dissuade them from continuing their campaign while he pursued negotiations with them Those negotiations produced some token changes but no significant progress toward desegregating the stores or hiring black employees When the Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC represented locally by Rev Fred Shuttlesworth proposed to support those students demands in 1963 by widespread demonstrations challenging both Birminghams segregation laws and Local Police Commissioner Bull Connor s authority Gaston opposed the plan and tried to deflect the campaign from public confrontation into negotiations with white business leaders Gaston posted 5000 bail for Dr Martin Luther King and Reverend Abernathy when they were arrested At the same time Gaston provided King and Rev Ralph Abernathy with a room at his motel at a discount and free meeting rooms at his offices nearby throughout the campaign He maintained a public show of support for the campaign and not only took part in the meetings with local business leaders but insisted that Shuttlesworth be brought in since hes the man with the marbles That unity nearly dissolved however after Rev Ralph Abernathy made some comments about unidentified Uncle Toms and Dr King made a call for unity on April 9 1963 that made it clear that he would press forward with his plans for confrontation Gaston issued a press release in response in which he obliquely criticized King by lamenting the lack of communication between white business leaders and local colored leadership That press release exposed a significant rift between the activists in the Civil Rights Movement Hosea Williams described Gaston as a super Uncle Tom to the press while complaining that he overcharged for his motel roomsdespite the fact that Williams and other civil rights leaders were staying at Gastons motel free of charge The leaders of the movement were eager however to avoid any public airing of those differences Shuttlesworth soon apologized SCLC leaders treated the press release as an expression of support for their campaign while Dr King announced creation of a special committee of local leaders including Gaston to meet every morning to approve each days plans That committee had no real power however as became clear when the movement encouraged school children to march against segregation on May 2 1963 Gaston protested the strategy telling King Let those kids stay in school They dont know nothing King replied Brother Gaston let those people go into the streets where theyll learn something The demonstrations continued Violence against Gaston Because of his stance as a negotiator Gaston often faced challenges by proponents from both sides of the civil rights issue Further information Birmingham crisis Gaston remained disaffected from Dr King urging him to stay away in a statement released in September 1963 after Dr King announced plans to return to Birmingham to resume demonstrations On May 11 1963 four people probably associated with the KKK attempted to blow up the part of the AG Gaston Motel where King and Abernathy were staying the home of Martin Luther Kings brother Reverend A D King was also bombed Later that night the bombings sparked riots by blacks in a twentyeightblock section of Birmingham The local police officers and state troopers responded to the crisis and subsequently beat rioters and bystanders Over fifty people were injured as police were dispatched to clear Kelly Ingram Park On September 8 1963 unidentified persons threw firebombs at Gastons house a day after he and his wife had attended a state dinner at the White House with President John F Kennedy On the night of January 24 1976 Gaston and his wife were kidnapped and beaten by an intruder and Gaston was abducted in his own car police officers found him two hours later bound in the back seat of the car Death and legacy Gaston published a memoir in 1968 coinciding with the founding of the A G Gaston Boys club Gaston famously said I never went into anything with the idea of making moneyI thought of doing something and it would come up and make money I never thought of trying to get rich Gaston died January 20 1996 at the age of 103 He left behind an insurance company the Booker T Washington Insurance Company a construction firm the AG Gaston Construction Company and a financial institution CFS Bancshares The City of Birmingham owns the motel which it plans to make into an annex to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute built on the former site of the Booker T Washington Insurance Company His net worth was estimated to be more than 130000000 at the time of his death In 2017 President Barack Obama designated the AG Gaston Motel the center of the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument Notes a b c Marshall David July 1976 A G Gaston The Story of a Poor Boy From Demopolis Who Became One of the Souths Leading Entrepreneurs Black Enterprise p 31 a b c d Carol Jenkins Elizabeth Gardner Hines 2005 Black Titan AG Gaston and the Making of a Black American Millionaire Random House Publishing Group pp 284 ISBN 9780345453488 Jessie Carney Smith 2006 Encyclopedia of African American Business Greenwood Publishing Group pp 336 ISBN 9780313331107 a b c d Marybeth Gasman Katherine V Sedgwick 2005 Uplifting a People African American Philanthropy and Education Peter Lang pp 122 ISBN 9780820474748 Marshall July 1976 p 32 a b c d e Marie A Sutton 4 November 2014 The AG Gaston Motel in Birmingham A Civil Rights Landmark Arcadia Publishing Incorporated pp 116 ISBN 9781625851321 Ebony Johnson PubCompany May 1975 a b c d Suzanne E Smith 1 June 2010 To Serve the Living Harvard University Press pp 144 ISBN 9780674054646 Cedric J Hayes Robert Laughton 1992 Gospel records 19431969 a Black music discography Record Information Services ISBN 9780907872290 Johnson Publishing Company November 1975 Ebony Johnson Publishing Company pp 56 ISSN 00129011 a b c Earl G Graves Ltd June 1997 Black Enterprise Earl G Graves Ltd pp 118 ISSN 00064165 a b Johnson Publishing Company 27 July 1992 Jet Johnson Publishing Company pp 12 ISSN 00215996 Dell Upton 24 November 2015 What Can and Cant Be Said Race Uplift and Monument Building in the Contemporary South Yale University Press pp 173 ISBN 9780300216615 Minnie L Gastons lifetime of work has earned her UPI Retrieved 20180405 TimeLife Books May 1999 Leadership Voice of Triumph TimeLife Incorporated ISBN 9780783549156 Adam Fairclough 2001 To Redeem the Soul of America The Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King Jr University of Georgia Press pp 268 ISBN 9780820323466 James A Colaiaco 27 July 2016 Martin Luther King Jr Apostle of Militant Nonviolence Springer pp 57 ISBN 9781349082230 Thomas F Jackson 17 July 2013 From Civil Rights to Human Rights Martin Luther King Jr and the Struggle for Economic Justice University of Pennsylvania Press pp 158 ISBN 0812200004 a b Stout David A G Gaston 103 a Champion Of Black Economic Advances The New York Times Retrieved 14 January 2017 a b Diane McWhorter 29 June 2001 Carry Me Home Birmingham Alabama The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution Simon and Schuster ISBN 9780743226486 J Mills Thornton 25 September 2002 Dividing Lines Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery Birmingham and Selma University of Alabama Press pp 299 ISBN 9780817311704 Johnson Publishing Company June 1987 Ebony Johnson Publishing Company pp 56 ISSN 00129011 Robert H Mayer 2008 When the Children Marched The Birmingham Civil Rights Movement Enslow Publishers Inc pp 74 ISBN 9780766029309 Gary Younge 20 August 2013 The Speech The Story Behind Dr Martin Luther King Jrs Dream Haymarket Books pp 29 ISBN 9781608463565 WSBTV Television station Atlanta GA May 11 1963 WSBTV newsfilm clip of the bombed ruins of the AG Gaston Motel and law enforcement patrolling the streets Civil Rights Digital Library Retrieved 15 April 2013 Glenn T Eskew 9 November 2000 But for Birmingham The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle Univ of North Carolina Press pp 427 ISBN 9780807861325 a b Schuessler Jennifer President Obama Designates First National Monument Dedicated to Reconstruction The New York Times Retrieved 14 January 2017 Carol Jenkins Arthur G Gaston A Titans First Step Black Enterprise February 10 2009 References Gaston A G 1968 Green Power The Successful Way of A G Gaston Birmingham Southern University Press Carol Jenkins Elizabeth Gardner Hines December 2003 Black Titan AG Gaston and the Making of a Black American Millionaire New York One WorldBallantine 0345453476 They Too Call Alabama Home By Richard Bailey Pyramid Publishing 096718830X Interview with A G Gaston from Eyes on the Prize Marshall David July 1976 A G Gaston The Story of a Poor Boy From Demopolis Who Became One of the Souths Leading Entrepreneurs Black Enterprise pp 3133 Chenrow Fred Chenrow Carol 1973 Reading Exercises in Black History Volume 1 Elizabethtown PA The Continental Press Inc p 30 0845421077 Authority control LCCN no98068138 SNAC w6000wrf VIAF 9462126 WorldCat Identities via VIAF 9462126 Categories 1892 births 1996 deaths AfricanAmerican businesspeople Alabama Academy of Honor members American chief executives American centenarians Businesspeople from Birmingham Alabama People from Demopolis Alabama Writers from Birmingham Alabama AfricanAmerican centenarians

O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O

arthur george gaston
businessman
demopolis


ALCO 251 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations June 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Alco 251 is a 4stroke diesel engine that was developed by the American Locomotive Company to replace the 244 and 539 engines The 251 was developed to be used in diesel locomotives as a marine power plant in ships and as a stationary power generator Contents 1 Development 2 Power generation 3 North American locomotive uses 4 Development Model 251 engine design was initiated in 1949 and like the 244 engine it would have a bore cylinder diameter of 9 inches 229 mm and a stroke of 105 inches 267 mm Its designation combines Alco s identifier for that bore and stroke 2 with the year its design was approved for laboratory testing 1951 Chief Engineer of Diesel Engine Design Paul Vaughan designed the 251 to improve upon the major weaknesses of the 244 A wet block design was used to address severe thermal differences which existed in the dry block 244 The welded block and base was kept as was the fourpoint mounting New in the 251 was an intercooler for the turbocharger which minimized temperature differentials but also benefitted performance Many small improvements were made to the crankshaft bearings pistons injectors and camshafts To avoid the problems caused by rushing the 244 into production the 251 was put through an extensive testing process The first 251 engines installed in locomotives for testing were inline6 designs of 800 hp 597 kW A simple safe design it also offered a direct replacement for the aged 539 which was still used in switch engines and the ALCO RS1 road switcher Like the 539 it was produced in Auburn New York In August 1951 Alco built the ALCO DL420 test unit with a sixcylinder 800horsepower 251 engine Ten GE 78ton units followed in mid1953 and were exported to the Consolidated Railroads of Cuba The following year seven ALCO S5 a demonstrator and six units for the Boston and Maine were built Two GE X3341s were built in 1954 for the White Pass and Yukon Route with the 251 engines In mid1954 the Lehigh Valley supplied an FA2 and FB2 for installation of test 12cylinder 251A engines The Lehigh Valley units were tested for a year In 1954 the 251 went into production with the inline6 at Auburn New York The next year production of the V12 followed at Auburn New York where the 539 engine was built and a V16 version built at Schenectady New York replacing the 244 Power generation ALCO 18251 V18 engine used as a backup generator at a wastewater plant in Montreal The inline6 designs of 800 hp 597 kW version of the 251 engine replaced the 539 engine in 1954 in Alcos lowend line of power generation packages The 244 engine was still used in higherend power generation packages until it too was replaced by 251engined power generation equipment in 1956 A pair of Alco 251C engines is also used for powering the 6000000 lb 2721000 kg NASA Crawler Transporter that transport rockets and their platforms from the Vehicle Assembly Building to the Launch Complex 39 Ultimately a refined and successful design the 251 outlived its designer For a time it was built in Canada by Montreal Locomotive Works Until recently early 2018 FairbanksMorse still listed the 251F on their website for generator marine and locomotive applications As of August 2018 the 251F no longer appears on the FairbanksMorse website North American locomotive uses Locomotives inline6 251 800 S5 GE 78 Ton GE X3341 inline6 251A 900 S6 inline6 251B 900 T6 inline6 251C 1000 S13 RS23 inline6 251D 1200 DL535E V8 251F 1500 C415 V12 251B 1800 RS11 RSD12 RS18 RS36 FPA4 FPB4 V12 251C 2000 RS32 C420 M420 V12 251C 2150 DH643 V12 251E 2400 M424 HR412 V16 251B 2400 RS27 RSD15 RSD17 C424 V16 251C 2500 C425 V16 251C 2750 C628 C855 C855B V16 251E 3000 C430 C630 M630 V16 251E 3200 HR616 V16 251F 3600 C636 M636 V16 251F 3700 LRC2 LRC3 V18 251F 4000 M640 References Pinkepank Jerry A 1973 The Second Diesel Spotters Guide Milwaukee Wisconsin Kalmbach Publishing 9780890240267 Steinbrenner Richard T 2003 The American Locomotive Company A Centennial Remembrance Warren NJ On Track Publishers LLC ISBN 0911122079 v t e Diesel engines built by the American Locomotive Company ALCO McIntosh Seymour Subsidiary McIntosh Seymour 531 McIntosh Seymour 538 ALCO ALCO 539T ALCO 241 ALCO 244 ALCO 251 Categories Diesel engines Diesel locomotive engines Marine diesel engines ALCO locomotives

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O