S

S

Balan

From

Wikipedia

the

free

encyclopedia

This

article

has

multiple

issues

Please

help

improve

it

or

discuss

these

issues

on

the

talk

page

Learn

how

and

when

to

remove

these

template

messages

This

article

reads

like

a

press

release

or

a

news

article

or

is

largely

based

on

routine

coverage

or

sensationalism

February

This

article

contains

wording

that

promotes

the

subject

in

a

subjective

manner

without

imparting

real

information

February

S

S

Balan

Born

Balasubramanian

December

Chennai

British

India

Died

December

aged

Chennai

India

Occupation

Journalist

Filmmaker

Political

Analyst

Nationality

Indian

S

S

Balan

or

S

Balasubramanian

December

December

was

an

Indian

journalist

filmmaker

political

analyst

and

media

personality

as

well

as

internationally

famous

aviculturalist

and

agriculturalist

He

was

a

dominant

force

in

Indian

media

over

six

decades

having

been

at

the

helm

of

Ananda

Vikatan

magazine

as

editor

and

managing

director

as

well

as

managing

director

of

the

erstwhile

Gemini

Studios

since

the

He

was

the

son

of

media

baron

S

S

Vasan

He

was

chairman

emeritus

of

the

Vikatan

Group

having

retired

from

active

involvement

at

the

helm

of

the

media

conglomerate

Contents

Early

life

and

education

Magazine

career

Novels

Other

achievements

Personal

life

Early

life

and

education

Born

in

Madras

on

December

Balan

grew

up

studying

in

Presentation

Convent

Church

Park

and

PS

High

School

before

going

on

to

complete

his

BCom

at

Loyola

College

in

Madras

With

a

keen

interest

in

cricket

he

was

part

of

many

local

league

and

college

league

matches

Balan

indulged

in

his

pastime

of

animals

birds

and

wildlife

with

a

multitude

of

pets

that

grew

into

serious

hobbies

later

in

life

Born

to

S

S

Vasan

and

Pattammal

Vasan

Balan

was

the

second

child

and

only

son

with

an

older

sister

Lakshmi

Narayani

The

family

lived

on

Edward

Eliots

Road

that

later

became

Radhakrishnan

Salai

in

a

heritage

home

that

has

now

given

way

to

an

office

building

Dominated

by

the

growth

of

cinema

and

media

Balan

was

groomed

to

take

on

the

mantle

of

running

the

Gemini

and

Vikatan

companies

by

his

father

being

made

the

joint

managing

director

at

on

August

With

a

penchant

for

the

camera

and

pen

alike

Balan

had

a

successful

innings

alongside

his

father

and

later

took

over

the

reins

of

the

media

empire

on

his

fathers

demise

on

August

Magazine

career

Ananda

Vikatan

the

flagship

weekly

magazine

of

Vasan

Publications

was

founded

in

and

bought

in

by

the

late

media

mogul

S

S

Vasan

It

is

one

of

the

top

ranked

publications

in

Tamil

in

readership

respect

and

influence

it

is

also

one

of

the

oldest

vernacular

magazines

in

the

world

with

around

half

a

million

readers

In

the

eight

decades

of

family

ownership

Vikatan

rose

to

preeminence

across

the

Tamil

speaking

populations

and

that

has

identified

introduced

and

nurtured

some

of

the

finest

talent

in

Indian

media

literature

and

arts

Balan

has

the

distinction

of

having

been

the

editor

publisher

and

managing

director

of

the

group

for

years

before

he

retired

in

to

become

chairman

emeritus

of

the

group

Balan

entered

Ananda

Vikatan

as

joint

managing

director

and

joint

chief

editor

on

August

and

became

managing

director

of

the

organisation

on

August

on

the

death

of

his

father

S

S

Vasan

Due

to

his

powerful

position

as

managing

director

of

both

Ananda

Vikatan

and

Gemini

Studios

he

earned

the

moniker

MD

amongst

Chennai

media

circles

in

the

It

was

under

his

leadership

that

some

of

the

finest

achievements

of

the

group

happened

including

the

birth

of

Junior

Vikatan

a

pioneering

magazine

in

investigative

journalism

that

till

today

commands

the

attention

of

all

seekers

of

political

and

investigative

news

in

Tamil

Nadu

Junior

Vikatan

is

a

biweekly

publication

that

focuses

on

crime

politics

and

other

bold

topics

It

has

uncovered

many

cases

that

have

rocked

the

state

like

the

Auto

Shankar

serial

killings

and

others

The

magazine

is

known

for

its

brave

stand

as

a

watchdog

over

events

occurring

in

the

state

His

bold

guidance

took

the

magazines

from

height

to

height

and

a

crowning

achievement

of

his

that

galvanised

the

entire

global

media

fraternity

behind

him

was

when

the

Privileges

Committee

of

the

Tamil

Nadu

Legislative

Assembly

ordered

him

to

be

sent

to

prison

for

publishing

a

cartoon

satire

on

the

front

cover

of

Ananda

Vikatan

in

As

editor

he

took

on

the

wrongful

act

of

the

Tamil

Nadu

Legislature

in

court

and

in

a

historical

judgement

won

a

case

against

the

state

legislature

He

continued

to

fight

for

the

freedom

of

the

press

and

expression

throughout

his

tenure

as

editor

Ananda

Vikatan

also

championed

many

social

causes

powerfully

It

became

one

of

the

first

media

houses

to

refuse

to

print

advertisements

of

tobacco

products

and

cigarettes

in

the

when

it

was

first

proved

that

smoking

caused

cancer

even

before

this

was

legally

required

These

were

personal

initiatives

by

Balan

who

has

inspired

many

to

walk

on

the

path

of

charity

and

service

without

advertisement

one

of

those

he

inspired

was

the

famous

philanthropist

and

social

worker

Kalyana

Sundaram

who

has

been

hailed

as

a

national

treasure

Contributing

immensely

to

Tamil

journalism

Balan

created

a

mentorship

program

for

student

journalists

and

has

helped

bring

many

generations

of

media

professionals

into

the

field

by

his

expert

guidance

He

is

widely

known

and

respected

by

the

media

fraternity

for

having

been

a

mentor

to

senior

editors

journalists

media

professionals

writers

etc

and

having

encouraged

assisted

and

even

funded

the

growth

of

a

large

number

of

other

media

organisations

and

publications

such

as

helping

his

friend

Cho

Ramaswamy

launch

Thuglak

magazine

He

has

also

maintained

a

record

of

nonalignment

and

a

policy

of

objectivity

politically

and

commercially

in

all

spheres

to

maintain

a

bold

stand

in

the

media

without

obligations

shying

away

from

personal

publicity

S

Balan

mentored

various

famous

writers

in

Tamil

such

as

Manian

Shivashankari

Sujatha

Balakumaran

Crazy

Mohan

Madhan

Rajesh

Kumar

and

more

He

has

quietly

inspired

many

people

with

his

ideals

values

convictions

and

persuasive

opinions

Vikatan

also

publishes

books

and

now

is

a

group

that

puts

out

nine

magazines

in

Tamil

and

was

one

of

the

first

in

the

country

to

adopt

computerised

typesetting

and

to

go

digital

A

significant

achievement

was

the

publication

of

the

Tamil

version

of

the

concise

Encyclopædia

Britannica

However

after

Balasubramanian

stepped

down

from

the

editorial

position

of

the

group

at

the

content

of

the

magazines

and

altered

presentation

has

come

under

flak

from

its

readers

However

it

is

commendable

that

the

magazine

has

survived

for

more

than

eight

decades

specifically

with

the

stabilising

influence

and

dynamism

of

Balans

leadership

for

over

fifty

years

that

has

allowed

it

to

reinvent

itself

Novels

SS

Balan

also

wrote

some

successful

novels

and

serial

stories

under

the

pen

name

Sevarkodiyon

expamples

include

Un

Kannil

Neer

Vazhindhaal

and

Pesum

Porchitthirame

A

devoted

fan

of

Bharathiyar

most

of

his

novels

titles

are

from

lines

of

Subramanya

Bharathi

s

immortal

poetry

Most

of

his

plots

have

revolved

around

intricate

lovetriangles

Film

career

Being

the

only

son

of

a

media

mogul

meant

training

to

step

into

the

shoes

of

a

similar

role

in

life

Balan

being

the

son

of

S

S

Vasan

not

only

took

on

his

responsibilities

seriously

he

carved

his

own

path

to

distinction

in

a

variety

of

ways

from

a

young

age

Being

handed

the

reigns

of

the

erstwhile

Gemini

Studios

Gemini

Picture

Circuit

Ananda

Vikatan

Gemini

Color

Lab

and

others

needed

him

to

steer

the

many

speeding

horses

Gemini

Studios

was

one

of

the

most

advanced

film

studios

in

Asia

organised

along

the

lines

of

Hollywood

with

its

productions

hitting

the

mark

all

over

India

breaking

language

barriers

The

Gemini

Picture

Circuit

reigned

as

the

biggest

distributors

of

films

in

India

during

the

and

The

Gemini

Color

Lab

was

one

of

the

most

successful

labs

in

south

Asia

and

only

the

second

one

after

Kodaks

Lab

in

Bombay

at

the

time

The

GeminiVikatan

umbrella

was

one

of

the

earliest

media

organisations

that

sought

to

be

a

professionally

managed

and

the

first

instance

of

a

vertically

integrated

organisation

in

Asia

Initially

as

joint

managing

director

along

with

his

father

S

S

Vasan

and

later

as

managing

director

of

the

media

empire

Balan

brought

soul

and

substance

to

the

films

made

under

the

Gemini

banner

by

writing

producing

and

then

directing

more

than

films

in

six

languages

The

film

he

first

worked

on

and

scripted

was

the

Hindi

film

Grihasti

in

starring

Ashok

Kumar

This

was

later

remade

in

Tamil

as

Motor

Sundaram

Pillai

starring

Shivaji

Ganesan

along

with

an

ensemble

cast

and

was

the

directorial

debut

of

Balan

Some

of

the

films

he

made

not

only

were

highly

successful

and

memorable

but

they

also

went

on

to

establish

the

careers

of

many

new

talents

introduced

into

the

film

industry

such

as

Amitabh

Bachchan

his

first

starring

role

in

the

unsuccessful

Sanjog

Jayalalitha

Motor

Sundaram

Pillai

Ravichandran

Motor

Sundaram

Pillai

Rajesh

Khanna

Aurat

Shivakumar

Motor

Sundaram

Pillai

etc

to

name

a

few

Leading

the

cause

for

industry

status

recognition

in

the

country

for

films

Vasan

and

Balan

resolved

to

say

no

to

cash

dealings

in

filmmedia

production

to

bring

in

transparency

at

a

time

when

it

was

unheard

of

half

a

century

ago

When

the

studio

system

itself

came

under

siege

in

the

late

Mr

Balan

pioneered

independent

film

financing

and

helped

many

emerging

filmmakers

establish

themselves

successfully

outside

the

studios

by

providing

guidance

production

design

and

packages

to

assist

them

He

ran

the

media

empire

successfully

while

his

father

SS

Vasan

who

was

nominated

to

Rajya

Sabha

as

a

member

of

parliament

from

till

his

death

in

could

focus

on

his

parliamentary

duties

in

Delhi

In

the

the

colossal

failure

of

his

magnum

opus

in

four

languages

Hindi

Tamil

and

Telugu

titled

Ellorum

Nallavare

precipitated

the

shut

down

of

the

Gemini

Studios

In

the

early

with

the

decline

of

the

studio

system

Balan

sought

to

focus

on

publishing

and

sold

the

film

company

and

its

assets

while

retaining

Vasan

Publications

Ananda

Vikatan

One

of

the

last

films

directed

by

him

was

Nishan

in

Bengali

starring

Uttam

Kumar

in

As

producer

writer

and

director

films

made

by

S

S

Balan

include

Grihasthi

Gharana

Aurat

Motor

Sundaram

Pillai

Nishan

film

Olivilakku

Teen

Bahuraniyan

Lakhon

Mein

Ek

Sanjog

Shatranj

Siriththu

Vaazha

Vendum

Nishaan

Maadaivam

and

Ellorum

Nallavare

He

has

directed

and

worked

on

films

with

many

top

actors

in

India

across

Tamil

Hindi

Telugu

Kannada

and

Bengali

including

MGR

NTR

Shivaji

Ganesan

Muthuraman

Raj

Kumar

Rajendra

Kumar

Prithviraj

Kapoor

Mehmood

Amitabh

Bacchan

and

Rajesh

Khanna

Other

achievements

In

addition

to

his

many

numerous

professional

achievements

Balasubramanian

has

also

scored

many

accomplishments

in

other

fields

A

passion

for

agriculture

and

farming

led

to

the

pursuit

of

this

for

over

six

decades

and

setting

up

of

Gemini

Farms

in

Padappai

Notably

his

personal

agricultural

pursuit

has

included

an

international

exposure

and

association

with

the

farms

under

him

being

categorised

model

farms

that

have

routinely

tested

new

crop

varieties

for

companies

His

penchant

for

meticulous

detail

logical

innovativeness

and

management

filter

down

to

the

very

last

of

his

employees

and

even

the

Planning

Commission

of

India

has

at

various

times

studied

his

highly

productive

and

practical

methods

for

bringing

in

the

next

wave

of

green

revolution

Balasubramanian

also

created

the

Gemini

Agro

Technical

Educational

GATE

Foundation

that

brings

farmers

from

across

regions

to

his

farms

to

study

agricultural

techniques

for

free

An

avid

animal

fish

and

bird

enthusiast

Balan

is

an

expert

breeder

consistently

breaking

records

and

is

one

of

the

eminent

aviculturists

and

bird

breeders

in

the

world

He

maintains

one

of

the

largest

bird

farms

in

South

Asia

Gemini

Bird

Farm

set

in

the

Padappai

region

with

a

vast

variety

of

exotic

birds

and

parrots

The

farm

regularly

donates

birds

to

the

Chennai

zoo

A

speciality

of

his

breeding

is

of

colour

mutations

of

ringneck

parrots

palm

cockatoos

endangered

species

and

notoriously

difficult

to

breed

macaws

and

more

Personal

life

Balan

was

married

to

Saroja

Balan

and

they

had

seven

children

six

daughters

and

one

son

B

Srinivasan

who

is

now

the

managing

director

of

the

Vikatan

Group

His

mother

Pattamal

Vasan

continued

to

be

a

dominant

force

in

his

life

until

her

demise

in

He

died

in

December

at

the

age

of

of

a

heart

attack

survived

by

wife

five

daughters

son

and

grandchildren

SSBalan

has

a

bird

sanctuary

at

paddapai

References

A

look

at

Gemini

Houses

legacy

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

December

Business

Line

December

Missing

or

empty

title

help

Ananda

Vikatan

largestselling

Tamil

weekly

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

March

Celebrating

a

multifaceted

talent

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

April

Police

told

not

to

harass

Junior

Vikatan

management

staff

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

August

Asian

Tribune

December

Missing

or

empty

title

help

T

S

Subramanian

December

The

media

and

the

state

government

Frontline

Associated

Press

April

Missing

or

empty

title

help

Namboodiri

Udayan

May

Daily

Pioneer

Archived

from

the

original

on

August

Missing

or

empty

title

help

Aggarwal

S

K

Media

Credibility

New

Delhi

Mittal

Publications

pp

Warrier

Shoba

November

Rediffcom

Missing

or

empty

title

help

K

Ramachandran

November

A

trophy

to

remember

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

R

Venkatraman

December

Press

trio

goes

on

defame

offensive

The

Telegraph

Calcutta

India

Malaysia

ready

to

adopt

a

village

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

January

Man

of

the

Millennieum

Be

Positive

Missing

or

empty

title

help

Rangan

Bharadhwaj

Thamarai

Interview

V

Jagannathan

April

Abducted

Sukma

collector

Alex

Paul

Menon

used

to

be

a

student

journalist

The

Weekend

Leader

B

Subajayanthi

March

Face

with

Many

Masks

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

tamilstarcom

Missing

or

empty

title

help

A

writer

eyeing

the

Guinness

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

August

LR

Jagadeesan

January

India

Today

Missing

or

empty

title

help

Karunanidhi

releases

Encyclopædia

Britannica

in

Tamil

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

April

missing

in

Authors

list

help

Missing

or

empty

title

help

PDF

ICRA

Missing

or

empty

title

help

IMDB

Missing

or

empty

title

help

S

Vishwanathan

August

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

Missing

or

empty

title

help

Agriculture

Our

April

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

Missing

or

empty

title

help

The

Industrial

Economist

January

Missing

or

empty

title

help

C

Lakshmanan

Dr

The

Frontline

March

Archived

from

the

original

on

August

Missing

or

empty

title

help

V

Oppili

August

Vandalur

zoo

gets

richer

by

more

birds

The

Hindu

Chennai

India

Chauhan

Babu

PDF

Missing

or

empty

title

help

PDF

Missing

or

empty

title

help

Chairman

of

Vikatan

Group

of

Publications

Passes

Away

newindianexpresscom

December

Authority

control

LCCN

VIAF

WorldCat

Identities

via

VIAF

v

t

e

Gemini

Studios

Key

people

S

S

Vasan

founder

S

S

Balan

Films

produced

Madanakamarajan

Jeevana

Mukthi

Nandanar

Bala

Nagamma

Mangamma

Sapatham

Kannamma

En

Kadhali

Miss

Malini

Kalpana

Chandralekha

Gnana

Soundari

Chakradhari

Apoorva

Sahodarargal

Samsaram

Sansaar

Mr

Sampat

Moondru

Pillaigal

Avvaiyar

Bahut

Din

Huwe

Rajee

En

Kanmani

Insaniyat

Vanjikottai

Valiban

Raj

Tilak

Paigham

Irumbu

Thirai

Ghunghat

Gharana

Grahasti

Zindagi

Vaazhkai

Padagu

Motor

Sundaram

Pillai

Aurat

Oli

Vilakku

Bhale

Kodallu

Teen

Bahuraniyan

Manushulu

Marali

Shatranj

Vilaiyaattu

Pillai

Irulum

Oliyum

Sanjog

Ellorum

Nallavare

Categories

Indian

male

journalists

Loyola

College

Chennai

alumni

births

deaths

Writers

from

Chennai

Indian

male

novelists

Indian

novelists

Indian

novelists

Novelists

from

Tamil

Nadu

Indian

male

writers

Indian

male

writers

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


SABR volatility model From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia In mathematical finance the SABR model is a stochastic volatility model which attempts to capture the volatility smile in derivatives markets The name stands for stochastic alpha beta rho referring to the parameters of the model The SABR model is widely used by practitioners in the financial industry especially in the interest rate derivative markets It was developed by Patrick S Hagan Deep Kumar Andrew Lesniewski and Diana Woodward Contents 1 Dynamics 2 Asymptotic solution 3 SABR for the negative rates 4 Arbitrage problem in the implied volatility formula 5 Extensions 6 Simulation 7 See also 8 9 External links Dynamics The SABR model describes a single forward such as a LIBOR forward rate a forward swap rate or a forward stock price The volatility of the forward is described by a parameter SABR is a dynamic model in which both and are represented by stochastic state variables whose time evolution is given by the following system of stochastic differential equations with the prescribed time zero currently observed values and Here and are two correlated Wiener processes with correlation coefficient The constant parameters satisfy the conditions The above dynamics is a stochastic version of the CEV model with the skewness parameter in fact it reduces to the CEV model if The parameter is often referred to as the volvol and its meaning is that of the lognormal volatility of the volatility parameter Asymptotic solution We consider a European option say a call on the forward strike at which expires years from now The value of this option is equal to the suitably discounted expected value of the payoff under the probability distribution of the process Except for the special cases of and no closed form expression for this probability distribution is known The general case can be solved approximately by means of an asymptotic expansion in the parameter Under typical market conditions this parameter is small and the approximate solution is actually quite accurate Also significantly this solution has a rather simple functional form is very easy to implement in computer code and lends itself well to risk management of large portfolios of options in real time It is convenient to express the solution in terms of the implied volatility of the option Namely we force the SABR model price of the option into the form of the Black model valuation formula Then the implied volatility which is the value of the lognormal volatility parameter in Blacks model that forces it to match the SABR price is approximately given by where for clarity we have set The value denotes a conveniently chosen midpoint between and such as the geometric average or the arithmetic average We have also set and The function entering the formula above is given by Alternatively one can express the SABR price in terms of the normal Blacks model Then the implied normal volatility can be asymptotically computed by means of the following expression It is worth noting that the normal SABR implied volatility is generally somewhat more accurate than the lognormal implied volatility SABR for the negative rates A SABR model extension for Negative interest rates that has gained popularity in recent years is the shifted SABR model where the shifted forward rate is assumed to follow a SABR process for some positive shift Since shifts are included in a market quotes and there is an intuitive soft boundary for how negative rates can become shifted SABR has become market best practice to accommodate negative rates The SABR model can also be modified to cover Negative interest rates by for and a free boundary condition for Its exact solution for the zero correlation as well as an efficient approximation for a general case are available An obvious drawback of this approach is the a priori assumption of potential highly negative interest rates via the free boundary Arbitrage problem in the implied volatility formula Although the asymptotic solution is very easy to implement the density implied by the approximation is not always arbitragefree especially not for very low strikes it becomes negative or the density does not integrate to one One possibility to fix the formula is use the stochastic collocation method and to project the corresponding implied illposed model on a polynomial of an arbitragefree variables eg normal This will guarantee equality in probability at the collocation points while the generated density is arbitragefree Using the projection method analytic European option prices are available and the implied volatilities stay very close to those initially obtained by the asymptotic formula Another possibility is to rely on a fast and robust PDE solver on an equivalent expansion of the forward PDE that preserves numerically the zeroth and first moment thus guaranteeing the absence of arbitrage Extensions The SABR model can be extended by assuming its parameters to be timedependent This however complicates the calibration procedure An advanced calibration method of the timedependent SABR model is based on socalled effective parameters Simulation As the stochastic volatility process follows a geometric Brownian motion its exact simulation is straightforward However the simulation of the forward asset process is not a trivial task Taylorbased simulation schemes are typically considered like EulerMaruyama or Milstein Recently novel methods have been proposed for the almost exact Monte Carlo simulation of the SABR model For the normal SABR model with no boundary condition at a closedform simulation method is known See also Volatility finance Stochastic Volatility Riskneutral measure References PS Hagan D Kumar A Lesniewski DE Woodward 2002 Managing smile risk Wilmott 84108 Antonov Alexandre Konikov Michael Spector Michael January 28 2015 The Free Boundary SABR Natural Extension to Negative Rates SSRN 2557046 Grzelak Lech Oosterlee Kees 2016 From arbitrage to arbitragefree implied volatilities Journal of Computational Finance 20 3 119 SSRN 2529684 Le Floch Fabien Kennedy Gary 2016 Finite difference techniques for arbitragefree SABR Journal of Computational Finance Van der Stoep AW Grzelak LA Oosterlee CW 2015 The TimeDependent FXSABR Model Efficient Calibration based on Effective Parameters International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance p 1550042 SSRN 2503891 Missing or empty url help Leitao A Grzelak L A Oosterlee C W 2017 On an efficient multiple time step Monte Carlo simulation of the SABR model Quantitative Finance SSRN 2764908 Choi J Liu C Seo BK 2019 Hyperbolic normal stochastic volatility model Journal of Futures Markets forthcoming arXiv 180904035 doi 101002fut21967 SSRN 3068836 External links Managing Smile Risk P Hagan et al The original paper introducing the SABR model Probability Distribution in the SABR Model of Stochastic Volatility P Hagan et al Introduced the normal SABR model heat kernel expansion and asymptotic probability distribution Hedging under SABR Model B Bartlett Refined risk management under the SABR model LIBOR market model with SABR style stochastic volatility P Hagan and A Lesniewski LMM extension of SABR for term structure modeling Arbitrage Free SABR P Hagan et al Refined treatment of near zero forwards Fine Tune Your Smile Correction to Hagan et al A summary of the approaches to the SABR model for equity derivatives smile Unifying the BGM and SABR models a short ride in hyperbolic geometry Asymptotic Approximations to CEV and SABR Models Test SABR with calibration online SABR calibration Advanced Analytics for the SABR Model Includes exact formula for zero correlation case SmallStrike Implied Volatility Expansion in the SABR Model Arbitragefree asymptotic formula for small strikes and for longdated options The Free Boundary SABR Natural Extension to Negative Rates SABR for the negative rates v t e Derivatives market v t e Volatility v t e Stochastic processes Discrete time Bernoulli process Branching process Chinese restaurant process GaltonWatson process Independent and identically distributed random variables Markov chain Moran process Random walk Looperased Selfavoiding Biased Maximal entropy Continuous time Bessel process Birthdeath process Brownian motion Bridge Excursion Fractional Geometric Meander Cauchy process Contact process Continuoustime random walk Cox process Diffusion process Empirical process Feller process FlemingViot process Gamma process Hunt process Interacting particle systems Itô diffusion Itô process Jump diffusion Jump process Lévy process Local time Markov additive process McKeanVlasov process OrnsteinUhlenbeck process Poisson process Compound Nonhomogeneous Point process SchrammLoewner evolution Semimartingale Sigmamartingale Stable process Superprocess Telegraph process Variance gamma process Wiener process Wiener sausage Both Branching process GalvesLöcherbach model Gaussian process Hidden Markov model HMM Markov process Martingale Differences Local Sub Super Random dynamical system Regenerative process Renewal process Stochastic chains with memory of variable length White noise Fields and other Dirichlet process Gaussian random field Gibbs measure Hopfield model Ising model Potts model Boolean network Markov random field Percolation PitmanYor process Point process Cox Poisson Random field Random graph Time series models Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity ARCH model Autoregressive integrated moving average ARIMA model Autoregressive AR model Autoregressivemovingaverage ARMA model Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity GARCH model Movingaverage MA model Financial models BlackDermanToy BlackKarasinski BlackScholes Chen Constant elasticity of variance CEV CoxIngersollRoss CIR GarmanKohlhagen HeathJarrowMorton HJM Heston HoLee HullWhite LIBOR market RendlemanBartter SABR volatility Vašíček Wilkie Actuarial models Bühlmann CramérLundberg Risk process SparreAnderson Queueing models Bulk Fluid Generalized queueing network MG1 MM1 MMc Properties Càdlàg paths Continuous Continuous paths Ergodic Exchangeable Fellercontinuous GaussMarkov Markov Mixing Piecewise deterministic Predictable Progressively measurable Selfsimilar Stationary Timereversible Limit theorems Central limit theorem Donskers theorem Doobs martingale convergence theorems Ergodic theorem FisherTippettGnedenko theorem Large deviation principle Law of large numbers weakstrong Law of the iterated logarithm Maximal ergodic theorem Sanovs theorem BurkholderDavisGundy Doobs martingale KunitaWatanabe Tools CameronMartin formula Convergence of random variables DoléansDade exponential Doob decomposition theorem DoobMeyer decomposition theorem Doobs optional stopping theorem Dynkins formula FeynmanKac formula Filtration Girsanov theorem Infinitesimal generator Itô integral Itôs lemma Kolmogorov continuity theorem Kolmogorov extension theorem LévyProkhorov metric Malliavin calculus Martingale representation theorem Optional stopping theorem Prokhorovs theorem Quadratic variation Reflection principle Skorokhod integral Skorokhods representation theorem Skorokhod space Snell envelope Stochastic differential equation Tanaka Stopping time Stratonovich integral Uniform integrability Usual hypotheses Wiener space Classical Abstract Disciplines Actuarial mathematics Econometrics Ergodic theory Extreme value theory EVT Large deviations theory Mathematical finance Mathematical statistics Probability theory Queueing theory Renewal theory Ruin theory Statistics System on Chip design Stochastic analysis Time series analysis Machine learning List of topics Category Categories Options finance Derivatives finance Financial models

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


SMOC2 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia SMOC2 Identifiers SMOC2 DTDP1 MST117 MSTP117 MSTP140 SMAP2 bA270C4A1 bA37D81 dJ421D161 SPARC related modular calcium binding 2 External IDs MGI 1929881 HomoloGene 11150 GeneCards SMOC2 Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 6 human Band 6q27 Start 168441151 bp End 168673445 bp Gene location Mouse RNA expression pattern More reference expression data Gene ontology Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 64094 64074 Ensembl ENSG00000112562 ENSMUSG00000023886 UniProt Q9H3U7 Q8CD91 RefSeq mRNA NM_001166412 NM_022138 NM_022315 RefSeq protein NP_001159884 NP_071421 NP_071710 Location UCSC Chr 6 16844 16867 Mb Chr 17 1428 144 Mb PubMed search Wikidata SPARCrelated modular calciumbinding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMOC2 gene Clinical relevance This gene has been shown mutated in clinical cases of major dental developmental defects Brachycephalic dogs show a shortening of the snout along with a widening of the hard palate This skull form is highly associated with disorders of breathing and of the eyes Brachycephaly in dogs is correlated to a retrotransposon induced missplicing the SMOC2 gene References a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000112562 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000023886 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference Mouse PubMed Reference Nishimoto S Hamajima Y Toda Y Toyoda H Kitamura K Komurasaki T June 2002 Identification of a novel smooth muscle associated protein smap2 upregulated during neointima formation in a rat carotid endarterectomy model Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1576 12 22530 doi 101016s0167478102003457 PMID 12031507 Entrez Gene SMOC2 SPARC related modular calcium binding 2 BlochZupan A Jamet X Etard C Laugel V Muller J Geoffroy V et al December 2011 Homozygosity mapping and candidate prioritization identify mutations missed by wholeexome sequencing in SMOC2 causing major dental developmental defects American Journal of Human Genetics 89 6 77381 doi 101016jajhg201111002 PMC 3234372 PMID 22152679 Marchant TW Johnson EJ McTeir L Johnson CI Gow A Liuti T et al June 2017 Canine Brachycephaly Is Associated with a RetrotransposonMediated Missplicing of SMOC2 Current Biology 27 11 15731584e6 doi 101016jcub201704057 PMC 5462623 PMID 28552356 Further reading Wilk JB Herbert A Shoemaker CM Gottlieb DJ Karamohamed S March 2007 Secreted modular calciumbinding protein 2 haplotypes are associated with pulmonary function American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 175 6 55460 doi 101164rccm200601110OC PMC 1899283 PMID 17204727 Rocnik EF Liu P Sato K Walsh K Vaziri C August 2006 The novel SPARC family member SMOC2 potentiates angiogenic growth factor activity The Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 32 2285564 doi 101074jbcM513463200 PMID 16774925 Vannahme C Gösling S Paulsson M Maurer P Hartmann U August 2003 Characterization of SMOC2 a modular extracellular calciumbinding protein The Biochemical Journal 373 Pt 3 80514 doi 101042BJ20030532 PMC 1223551 PMID 12741954 This article on a gene on human chromosome 6 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it Categories Genes on human chromosome 6 Human chromosome 6 gene stubs

B O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O