The Origins of 10 Popular Christmas Carols iStockcomartisteer Youve sung them while clutching cups of hot cocoa cozying up around a fire or stomping through snowdrifts Youve heard them played in shopping malls churches and holiday parties You know all their words by heart But do you know how some of the worlds bestknown Christmas carols were created 1 SILENT NIGHT The legend behind one of the most popular Christmas carols in the world plays out as a sort of Christmas miracle The story goes that Father Joseph Mohr of Oberndorf Austria was determined to have music at his Christmas Eve service even though the organ at his beloved St Nicholas Church was broken So he penned a poem and asked his friend Franz Gruber to compose a score for it that would not demand an organ The truth however is a little less dramatic In 1816 the Catholic priest wrote the poem Stille Nacht Heilige Nacht while stationed at a pilgrim church in Mariapfarr Austria When he transferred to St Nicholass two years later he did ask Gruber to help him write guitar music for the poem which the two performedbacked by a choiron Christmas Eve of 1818 Silent Night was translated into English more than 40 years later by Episcopal priest John Freeman Young who is responsible for the version Americans favor The song has been translated into 142 languages to date 2 SANTA CLAUS IS COMING TO TOWN Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Penned by James Haven Gillespie this jolly tune was first performed on American singer Eddie Cantors radio show in 1934 But for all its mirth its inspiration came from a place of grief In his book Stories Behind the Greatest Hits of Christmas Ace Collins explains how Gillespie was a vaudevillianturnedsongwriter whod fallen on hard times both financially and personally Gillespie got the call to pen a Christmas tune for Cantor just after learning his brother had died Initially he rejected the job feeling too overcome with grief to consider penning a playful holiday ditty But a subway ride recollecting his childhood with his brother and his mothers warnings that Santa was watching changed his mind He had the lyrics in 15 minutes then called in composer John Coots to make up the music that would become a big hit within 24 hours of its debut 3 HARK THE HERALD ANGELS SING Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video The earliest incarnation of this carol was a poem penned in 1739 by Charles Wesley brother of John Wesley the founder of Methodism However the original opening line as it appeared in his collection Hymns and Sacred Poems was Hark how all the welkin rings using a rarely invoked term for heaven Anglican preacher and Wesley contemporary George Whitefield tweaked the opening line to the titular one we know today In these early versions Hark The Herald Angels Sing was sung to several different tunes including New Britain The jauntier tempo its sung to today came from German composer Felix Mendelssohn More than 100 years after it was written English musician William H Cummings paired the carol to Mendelssohns cantata Fetgesang While this is the variant that has caught on it is a development unlikely to be appreciated by Wesley or Mendelssohn The former believed the hymn was best sung slowly while the latter was a strictly secular musician 4 DECK THE HALLS This jaunty tune dates back to sixteenth century Wales where its melody and much of the lyrics were pinched from the New Years Eve song Nos Galan Lines like Oh how soft my fair ones bosom Fa la la la la la la la la were transformed into Yuletide wishes like Deck the halls with boughs of holly Fa la la la la la la la la This musical makeover was done by Scottish folk music scribe Thomas Oliphant who built his reputation on old melodies with new lyrics In 1862 his Deck the Hall was published in Welsh Melodies Vol 2 Hed go on to become a renowned translator of songs as well as a lyricist for the court of Queen Victoria But Oliphants version is not the one most commonly sung today Now called Deck the Halls lines like Fill the meadcup drain the barrel have been swapped for Don we now our gay apparel This variant became popular from revised music sheet printings made in 1877 and 1881 5 GOOD KING WENCESLAS This unconventional but beloved carol dates back to 1853 when English hymnwriter John Mason Neale first penned its lyrics Set to the tune of the 14thcentury carol The Time Is Near For Flowering Good King Wenceslas focuses on the journey of a kind man who set out in terrible weather on the postChristmas holiday of Saint Stephens Day to provide aid to poor neighbors This titular king was a real man Wenceslaus I Duke of Bohemia who ruled from 924 to 935 when he was assassinated by his own brother Boleslav the Cruel Unlike his nefariously nicknamed sibling Wenceslaus was adored by his subjects His great acts of charity led to him posthumously being declared a king and an eventual upgrade to sainthood He is now the patron saint to the Czech Republic 6 ALL I WANT FOR CHRISTMAS IS MY TWO FRONT TEETH Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video This saccharine song is sung from the perspective of a child with a simple wish and a fleet of such children was in fact its inspiration In 1944 grade school teacher Donald Yetter Gardner and his wife Doris sat down with a group of secondgraders in Smithtown New York to help them compose a song for Christmas While there are different versions of the origin they all involve a bunch of children saying All I want for Christmas is Its not so much that any students wished for those absent front teeth but more that Gardner was charmed by their requests hindered by toothless lisping As Gardner told it he went home that night and in just 30 minutes penned the Christmas tune that would earn him royalties until his death in the fall of 2004 A performance at his school of the song led to a meeting with Witmark music company and ultimately to Spike Jones and his City Slickers recording the ditty in 1948 Gardner gave up his teaching job to become a music consultant and editor and later remarked in awe of his own success I was amazed at the way that silly little song was picked up by the whole country 7 JINGLE BELLS Though one of the most popular nonreligious Yuletide tunes Jingle Bells was not originally conceived for Christmas time at all Penned by James Lord Pierpont in 1850s Savannah Georgia the song originally titled The One Horse Open Sleigh was intended to celebrate Thanksgiving The local Unitarian church where hed later play the song on the organ boasts historical markers declaring it the birthplace of Jingle Bells However some sources insist Pierpont was belting the memorable melody as early as 1850 when he still lived in Medford Massachusetts Debate still rages about the true birthplace of the song Jingle Bells was renamed in 1857 when its lyrics and notes were first published Decades passed before it rose to prominence Yet it made history on December 16 1965 becoming the first song broadcast in space The crew of Gemini 6 followed reports of seeing Santa Claus with an improvised version of Jingle Bells which included bells and a harmonica that they had snuck onboard Mission control responded to the surprise serenade with Youre too much 6 8 O TANNENBAUM Commonly translated as O Christmas Tree this carol comes from Germany The earliest version of the song dates back to the 16th century when Melchior Franck wrote a folk song about the tradition of bringing a small fir tree into ones home to decorate and sit beside the seasonal nativity scene This decorating tradition and its celebratory song moved from Germany to the US along with its emigrants Revisions to the lyrics were made in 1819 by Joachim August Zarnack and in 1824 by Leipzig organist Ernst Anschütz As Christmas tree trimming caught on in the 1800s O Tannenbaum grew in popularity In the past century the song has been included on countless Christmas albums as well as in such family entertainment as Disneys Swiss Family Robinson Ernest Saves Christmas and A Charlie Brown Christmas 9 O LITTLE TOWN OF BETHLEHEM This religious carol tells the tale of the birth of Jesus and was inspired by a pilgrims moving Christmas Eve experience in the Holy Lands Phillip Brooks was a distinguished man of faith and intellect A Bostonborn Episcopalian preacher hed earned a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of Oxford taught at Yale University and publically advocated against slavery during the Civil War But hes best known for penning O Little Town of Bethlehem after a lifechanging journey In 1865 Brooks rode on horseback from Jerusalem to Bethlehem where he participated in the Church of the Nativitys fivehour long Christmas Eve celebration complete with hymns Returning home this experience proved so profound that he channeled it into the song sung in churches to this day Its first public performance was held three years later performed by the childrens choir of his church on December 27 10 HAVE YOURSELF A MERRY LITTLE CHRISTMAS Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video A carol that is at once hopeful and mournful Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmass lyrics were penned by Hugh Martin for a scene in the 1944 movie musical Meet Me In St Louis Judy Garland sings the bittersweet song to her little sister trying to cheer her up as both lament their familys move away from their hometown But Garland and director Vincente Minnelli werent happy with Martins early much more maudlin drafts These included lines that Martin would later describe as hysterically lugubrious like Have yourself a merry little ChristmasIt may be your last Faithful friends who were dear to usWill be near to us no more Martin initially refused to revise the lyrics but a blue talking to from actor Tom Drake set him straight He said You stupid son of a bitch Martin recollected Youre gonna foul up your life if you dont write another verse of that song Ultimately Martin gave the song a more hopeful leaning first for the movie then again in 1957 at the request of Frank Sinatra For Ol Blue Eyes he changed Well have to muddle through somehow to the more jolly Hang a shining star upon the highest bough The song has since became a standard in both holidays 0 TWITTER Subscribe to our Newsletter

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

deck the halls
silent night
jingle bells


Millennium Pain Center is a state of the art pain center of excellence providing the most advanced and comprehensive pain management Research staff Services Publications Patient Testimonials NEWS

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Welcome to our Miller Quik Print Website Miller Quik Print has been serving the La Crosse Onalaska Holmen La Crescent West Salem and surrounding area for over 30 years We are proud of being the go to printers of South Western Wisconsin We are excited about the opportunities this site presents to our customers to order business cards letterhead envelopes forms and many other printing products right online These new services will save you time and money To place an order or get help with a new project enter our online Customer Service Center To download useful software and find helpful information search our Resources Support area To learn more about us browse through our Company Information section An easytouse pulldown menu search engine and link to our contact form appear on each page As well feel free to consult the site map at any time if youre having trouble locating a particular item If theres anything we can do to improve our site please let us know Enjoy your visit Hot Off The Press 7 Steps to Make and Keep New Years Resolutions Posted on 01072019 There are a few things you can do this year to make sure your business resolutions last throughout 2019 Here are seven steps to make and keep New Years resolutions How to Set Your Business up for Success in the New Year Posted on 12312018 Though we can never know what will come in the year ahead there are ways to prepare for 2019 Heres how to set your business up for success in the new year 6 Benefits of Time off for the Holidays Posted on 12242018 Objective studies have shown the positive effect time off can have on a persons work To explain we developed six benefits of time off for the holidays Holiday Gift Ideas to Give Every Type of Customer Posted on 12172018 To help you pick out the perfect presents for clients we created a quick list of holiday gift ideas you can give every type of customer this season View The Archives

O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Welcome to Carluccis Family of Six Restaurants The Capuano family and staff are proud to bring you the finest of Italian cuisines We are the prime destination for those interested in the best of the Italian lifestyle Visit us often and we are sure you will be pleased The Capuano family has been in the restaurant business for 30 years Being family owned and operated we have kept the same homemade traditional Italian recipes passed down through generations Being an independent operation and not a chain restaurant we can be very flexible with the menu and tailor to your needs Express click to expand contents Mamma Mia Trattoria click to expand contents Villa Rosa click to expand contents Waterfront click to expand contents West Windsor Grill click to expand contents

O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


WHO WE ARE Our Mission More Than Me uses education as a catalyst for transformative social change for every girl in Liberia Our Vision Every girl empowered Our Story It all started with a girl At 11 years old she was selling herself for clean drinking water when all she really wanted was to go to school More Than Me was founded to meet her needs We opened a school the MTM Academy for 150 girls and saw major progress Then Ebola hit The world didnt act quickly enough and we knew we had to fight to save her life After spending six months on the front lines fighting Ebola and seeing three students lose their families and many other children lose their own lives we realized that our Liberias education system is a mess 65 of primary school age children are out of school and only 20 of students enrolled in Grade 1 enroll in Grade 12 With just 4 million people and 15 million children Liberia has tremendous potential The Ministry of Education has asked us to partner with them to replicate our model in Liberian schools and add capacity to the ministry to meet their priorities We are committed to maintaining a center of excellence at our Academy while also scaling our successes into pilot government schools across the country We are committed to supporting these projects until this generation of students graduates and becomes Liberias future leaders Learn more about our programs here Why Liberia Liberia West Africa has a population of about 4 million people The official language is English the name Liberia derives from Liberty meaning freedom A 14year brutal civil war destroyed over 80 of the countrys schools The recent Ebola epidemic further weakened Liberias infrastructure Liberias education system is in a state of emergency Each one of the 25000 applicants to the University of Liberia in 2013 failed the entrance exam 65 of primary school age children are out of school More than half 51 of young people aged 1524 are illiterate and approximately 73 of all women and girls in Liberia are illiterate Only 17 of teachers have a tertiary degreelevel qualification Only 20 of students enrolled in Grade 1 enroll in Grade 12 If Liberia is going to build a more stable and resilient future we can not stand still Investing in girls is the best thing you can do Why Girls According to GirlUp more than 40 of Liberian girls ages 1014 have never gone to school Unfortunately young girls fall victim to the most frequently reported crime in Liberia rape But investing in girls has huge rewards When a girl in the developing world receives 7 or more years of education she marries 4 years later and has 22 fewer children An extra year of primary school boosts girls eventual wages by 1020 An extra year of secondary school 1525 When women and girls earn income they reinvest 90 of it into their families as compared to only 3040 for a man For girls to get to a place where they feel secure there needs to be education for all GBV will only end if we take a strong stance against it Our Stance on Gender Based ViolenceGBV 65 of the 1002 cases reported in 2013 concerned victims aged between 3 and 14 yet just 137 cases came to court and only 49 rapists were convicted Liberias rape laws which only came into effect in 2006 classify rape as intentional penetration of a penis another body part or an object into the vagina or anus of another person without that persons consent or sexual intercourse between a person who is over 18 years of age and a person who is not yet 18 years of age even if the younger person agreed to the act or was not forced into it The punishment is life imprisonment though it is rarely enforced Liberia established Criminal Court E in 2008 a special court where sexual and genderbased violence cases are tried Despite these efforts the court has only completed 18 trials in the past four years with just a handful of convictions In 2012 only five trials were completed and 93 percent of the cases were dismissed Our Worst Nightmare On June 12 2014 our school nurse told senior management that a student had confided to her that an important member of our team Macintosh Johnson a program coordinator and community liaison had sexually assaulted her Once our senior team learned this horrific news Liberian police were contacted and the suspect was arrested 4 days later His trial began in September 2015 with a case brought by the Government of Liberia The courage of the first student to come forward gave 9 other girls the confidence to come forward too After a mistrial in 2016 the defendant died in prison Actions Taken to Ensure Safety This incident increased our vigilance over personal safety We want our stance to be heard loud and clear that we have a ZERO TOLERANCE policy for abuse Weve since taken the following actions to ensure the safety of our students We reevaluated our ratio of male and female staff and have made every effort possible to hire qualified female teachers as they interact with our students the most We continue to monitor all of our staff regardless of gender to ensure there is no abuse of any kind Under no circumstance are girls left alone on campus or in vehicles with males We have a schedule that is followed and we know where every single child is at any time during the day The schedule allows no time for students to be alone with anyone in the building except with the nurse or social worker We revised our child protection policy and code of conduct which all staff signed We conduct reference checks for every staff member We created and implemented a whistleblower protection policy We created systems for anonymous complaints and formally documented complaints to further build a culture of trust among students and staff We implemented sexual and reproductive health classes that include age appropriate awareness education on assault and abuse so students can recognize inappropriate behavior We conduct parent trainings on Gender Based Violence to spread awareness to families and the community The safety of the children we serve is our number one priority More Than Me has a zero tolerance policy for sexual violence and exploitation Standing with our Students We are extremely proud of our students for speaking out when rape and transactional sex are all too commonly accepted and victims are expected to stay silent Our students proved that they can stand up and advocate for themselves and thats HUGE Creating a culture of trust and safe space for children to share what is happening with them is a vital first step to systemic change and a step we hope more schools and communities will strive for We refuse to stay silent As we work to rebuild Liberias education system alongside the Ministry of Education we are committed to making child protection one of the key pillars of these reforms Additional Resources MTM is committed to transparency and acting as a resource for other organizations and communities Were compiling a list of our own resources and outside resources that have helped shape our actions along the way If youd like to talk to someone from our team about an issue at your school or in your community please contact himorethanmeorg

O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Welcome Samson microphone customers To obtain your free download of AudioDesk 5 MOTUs audio workstation software for Mac and Windows enter your info below I have read the Privacy Policy Would you like to receive occasional emails from us about once a month regarding new MOTU products special offers and software updates for your MOTU products We value your privacy and will safeguard your email address and personal information Yes No Im not a robot reCAPTCHA Privacy Terms AudioDesk 5 an audio production powerhouse AudioDesk 5 delivers everything you need to record mix and master multitrack recordings with your new Samson microphone Download install and go Easytouse multitrack recording Complete mixing and processing Make polished recordings with ease Special Offer Upgrade to Digital Performer Digital Performer DP is MOTUs flagship audio sequencer software Basic operation is the same as AudioDesk so you wont need to relearn it and you get awardwinning stateoftheart desktop music production features including Awardwinning MIDI squencing features MasterWorks premium plugins Dozen of guitar effects amps cabinets and stomp boxes Included virtual instrument plugins Support for 3rdparty virtual instrument plugins Onscreen music notation editing and printing Audio beat detection and beat editing A complete builtin audio waveform editor Movie import export and many advanced film scoring features Surround mixing editing UI Themes and many other advanced features System Requirements Mac Multiprocessor or multicore Intelbased Mac with 2 GB RAM running Mac OS X 1068 or later Supports 32 or 64bit operation Supports builtin audio and any Core Audio compatible hardware Multiprocessor or multicore Intel or AMDbased PC with 2 GB RAM running Windows 7 or later Supports 32 or 64bit operation Supports Windows Audio and any ASIO compatible audio hardware AudioDesk manual

O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Clean water is the base of health Drink water without harmful substances WELCOME Mr Clean Water the best in the water filtration and softening system business in south Texas and the McAllen area Whole House Filtration Drinking Water Filtration Healthy Safe Water Mr Clean Waters special reverse osmosis water filtration system can leave you with water that is 97 pure completely refreshing and of the highest quality like those fancy bottled waters that cost an arm and a leg Imagine being able to turn on any faucet in your house and out of it comes beautiful pure delicious potable water We want to make your home and your water as clean and healthy as possible Call Us Today WHY CHOOSE US Mr Clean Water has whole house water softening systems available that are guaranteed to remove the various natural compounds and unnatural chemicals like chlorine and ammonia that cause hard water When it comes to your health and your familys health you should trust Mr Clean Water to deliver you the highest rated reverse osmosis water filtration system in the entire south of Texas Dont leave your familys health up to chance Our RO water filtration system can produce up to 50 gallons of water a day Thats water you can use to make some great tea the perfect cup of morning coffee or ice cubes to chill down that lemonade Get one of our water treatment system experts out to your home immediately for a free quote

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Home How To Tips Projects Prototype plans Wood trestle and truss bridge FROM THE August 2016 ISSUE Prototype plans Wood trestle and truss bridge Get the plans for this late1800s Stanislaus River bridge Published Monday June 27 2016 Download plans for a wood trestle and truss bridge Dont miss Don Balls article in the August 2016 Model Railroader where he shares how he scratchbuilt a late1800s wood trestle and truss bridge Click on the link below to download a PDF copy of Dons detailed plans for the project Downloadable Files Wood trestle and truss bridge plans 72kB Problems opening this file SAVE to your computer instead Join the discussion Read and share your on this article Comment on this article Want to leave a comment Only registered members of ModelRailroadercom are allowed to comment on this article Registration is FREE and only takes a couple minutes or now 0 comments Most recent Oldest to newest Great Scenery Tips Realistic creeks and streams The Magazine Table of Contents Digital Editions Model Railroader Newsletter Sign up for our FREE enewsletter and get model railroad news in your inbox By signing up you may also receive occasional reader surveys and special offers from Model Railroader magazine Please view our

O O O O O B I B I O B I O O O O O B I B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

prototype plans
wood trestle
truss bridge


About the Project Multiplan Real Estate Asset Management is proud to announce its landmark residential development 57 Ocean on Miami Beach The boutique oceanfront enclave will soon begin construction on Millionaires Row the most desirable expanse of real estate along Collins Avenue Inspired by the celebratory character of the Brazilian lifestyle 57 Ocean brings Tropical Modernism to Miami Beach Designed by worldrenowned firm Arquitectonica the undulating woodandglass structure embraced by lush foliage blends harmoniously with its surroundings on the Millionaires Row section of Collins Avenue Each of the 81 residences are graced with private elevator entries streamlined Poliform kitchens comfortable bedrooms and 12foot deep woodlined terracestrue extensions of the homewhose glass balustrades frame the city or the sea Its prime location provides easy access to the very best of Miami from the Design District and Downtown to Biscayne Bay and the buildings 220 linear feet of beach Conceived as one comprehensive suite delivered in many parts 57 Oceans amenities are singularly special yet intuitively connected to one another 57 Ocean is a residence centered around multidimensional wellness with an unparalleled connection to nature that elevates mindful living in Miami Beach Designed by globallyacclaimed Miamibased firm Arquitectonicathe visionaries behind Canyon Ranch Hotel Spa and The RitzCarlton Residences Sunny Isles Beach57 Ocean will enrich the landscape of the area and its surrounding properties featuring 81 luxury residences in a uniquely elegant LEEDcertified building A variety of oncall spa and wellness services complement 24hour valet security and concierge Lush landscaping welcomes residents at the portecochere around the buildings perimeter and through a series of curated vertical gardens The design features beachfacing infinity pools a club room with stateoftheart Chefs Kitchen an outdoor lounge and a worldclass indooroutdoor spa on the first floor an indooroutdoor gym childrens activity room and sunset deck on the third floor Eight upperfloor Sky Residences offer views from Ocean to City two 3rd Floor Beach Houses offer direct access to building amenities and extended sunset terraces and two 19th Floor Penthouses offer expansive private terraces each with its own rooftop pool Residences will range from 2 to 4bedrooms starting at 15 million

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Treatments Ankle Fusion Arthrodesis Ankle arthrodesis ankle fusion is an operation to fuse or stiffen the ankle joint It involves removing the surfaces of the damaged ankle joint and fusing the tibia to the talus bone so that your foot is under your body and flat to the floor This procedure can be performed as keyhole surgery also referred to as arthroscopic surgery or open surgery In keyhole surgery a number of small incisions are made whereas in open surgery a larger incision is made The damaged joint surfaces are removed and the bones are held together using screws to maintain the position while bone healing occurs and the bones fuse together to become one This converts a stiff painful joint into a stiff but painfree one The surgery takes between one and two hours and you will have a tourniquet applied around your thigh during the surgery to reduce bleeding When you wake from surgery you will have a below knee partial cast which may later be changed into a full below knee plaster or synthetic cast You will have to wear a cast for up to 12 weeks You will need crutches or a frame to help you move around during this time Depending on your situation your surgeon will allow you to weight bear after about 6 weeks and sometimes sooner You should discuss your postoperative care with your surgeon Because you are immobilised after surgery it is usually recommended that you have bloodthinning medication to prevent blood clots whilst in the cast as well as a special stocking on the other leg to improve blood flow After the plaster cast is removed you may require an ankle brace or a walking boot for a few more weeks You will then be able to wear your normal shoes Sometimes changes are made to the sole of the shoe to give you a normal stride length despite the stiffened joint In some circumstances where there is major deformity or where the arthritis affects more than one joint your surgeon may recommend fusion of more than one joint There are lots of surgical options including a tibiotalocalcaneal fusion or a pantalar fusion These may involve a rod or a large metal nail inserted up to the middle of the shinbone through the heel To find out more please visit the ankle arthritis TARVA Website What can I expect after ankle arthrodesis Ankle arthrodesis provides excellentpain relief and good function and has a 90 success rate as measured by patient satisfaction in the short to medium term Some patients express concerns regarding the level of mobility they will have following surgery Ankle arthrodesis removes ankle movement completely however as much as 50 of the up and down movement of the foot is maintained see page 7 Walking In most cases walking will return towards normal so that others may not notice that you have had an ankle arthrodesis If you walked with a limp prior to surgery because of pain after the surgery your walking is likely to improve Because the stride length is shorter a limp may be noticeable if you start to run Some female patients comment that it is uncomfortable or not possible to wear a highheeled shoes after ankle arthrodesis Sports Most patients with a successful ankle arthrodesis are able to walk without a limp cycle and do certain sports such as golf Although more vigorous activities such as squash tennis or football may be possible after an ankle arthrodesis we do not recommend them as they put a lot of stress across the adjacent joints which will wear with time and pain may return Similarly walking or hiking on rough ground is possible but will put more stress on the adjacent joints You can protect the adjacent joints by wearing a sturdy aboveankle walking boot Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video This video shows a 42 year old man 1 year post arthroscopic ankle fusion He is able to stand on his tiptoes and jog albeit with a slight limp Are there any major risks with ankle fusion In addition to the general risks of ankle surgery the specific risks of ankle arthrodesis relate to problems with union and transference of stress to the adjacent joints MalUnion Research has shown that 5 to 10 of fusions do not heal in the exact position intended This may either be due to the fact that the position was not achieved at the time of surgery or that the bones have shifted while in plaster This does not usually cause any major problems but rarely further surgery may be required to correct this Adjacent Joint Arthritis Because the ankle joint has been stiffened more pressure will be taken by adjacent joints which with time are at risk of wearing Signs of arthritis in the adjacent joints are common on xrays after 10 years but many patients do not require treatment for this Need for Further Surgery Sometimes the screws become prominent under the skin If this happens they can be removed but only about 1 in 10 patients need the screws to be taken out If screws need removing we usually advise you to wait at least a year after surgery to give the bones time to become strong General complications following ankle surgery Swelling you should expect some swelling for up to one year after surgery Elevation of limb above heart level for the first two weeks helps to reduce swelling and aid wound healing If swelling persists and you are concerned seek medical advice Bleeding all wounds bleed after surgery but rarely this can be excessive causing wound problems or requiring further surgery Painful scar any type of surgery will leave a scar Some people develop larger scars than others Occasionally this can cause pain and irritation If you suspect you are prone to scar problems please discuss this with your surgeon prior to surgery Infection superficial wound infection redness around the wound occurs in up to 5 of cases Much rarer less than 1 is a deep infection where the metalwork or bone is infected Minor infections usually clear up with a course of antibiotics More serious infections may require further surgery and involve complex and lengthy treatment Nerve injury numbness or tingling at the surgical site is common and is usually temporary but up to 50 of patients who have an ankle replacement or open ankle fusion will get some numbness on the top of their foot This is not usually a problem If a key nerve is injured up to 15 of cases then it can cause permanent numbness and shooting pains requiring medication or further specialist input Rarely the sympathetic nerves also known as fight or flight nerves react badly after the surgery and cause temperature and colour changes to the skin this is known as complex Problems with union occasionally in arthrodesis bones fail to unite fuse and in the case of a replacement the bones may not knit to the implant This can happen in up to 10 of patients If you smoke your risk of such a complication is greatly increased You will be advised to stop smoking before surgery Blood clots deep vein thrombosis DVT is uncommon 5 and pulmonary embolus PE is very rare less than 05 and occurs due to blood clots We do everything to minimise these risks but they can occur and can be serious causing prolonged leg swelling or chest problems Bloodthinning medication may be given to prevent blood clots whilst in a cast as well as a special stocking on the other leg to improve venous circulation Audit Research To find out more please download a copy of a reputable Patient Information Booklet on Ankle Arthritis from the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust There is a randomised controlled trial comparing ankle replacement against ankle fusion TARVA see httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT01518361 If you would like to find out more about this study please contact Claire Thompson by email on tarvauclacuk Click here to find out about ankle replacement Recommendation Ankle fusion continues to represent the gold standard surgical treatment of end stage ankle osteoarthritis but does carry the risk of adjacent joint arthritis Patients should be counselled regarding the benefits and risks of both ankle fusion and replacement as well as the potential for non operative treatments Sorry the browser you are using is not currently supported Disqus actively supports the following browsers Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11 Safari ee 4 years ago This mans walk looks very good I have heard that gait can be badly affected by fusion but this does not look the case here is this the typical outcome My Ankle Admin 4 years ago The amount of motion retained after ankle fusion depends on the motion in the adjacent joints prior to the surgery If you have mobile adjacent joints then you will usually retain about 50 of the up and down motion after surgery CJ Shene 11 months ago Hello I myself have had a total of seven surgerys on my ankles w both winding up being fused I do walk with a gate cane for stability My second fusion had been painful more so then the first I believe to the fact the first fusion did not take had to be redone more nerve damage was done On top of this a bone simulator had to be surgically inserted as the fuse was not taking growing back 11 yrs now on my second triple surgery on pain meds muscle relaxersIssues have come about to where i will be seeing some one as walking any daily physical exercise cause quite often severe pain weight is also a contributing factor as your ankles as they are the foundation of your whole body weight After returning back to work being a physical Laborer it took a toll on my ankle other leg to where down the road i had an accident which caused 2nd fusion LG63 1 year ago Ive had an ankle fusion 10 days ago and accidentally stood on my foot this morningdoes anyone know how important this isIm very worried that I may have damaged it Nicolette Phillips 1 year ago Hello I just had a ankle fusion 7 weeks agoDue from an ingury 22 years ago I had to have a plate and screws on my right side of my right ankle n 2 screws on the left side of my ankleOver the years I got arthritis which caused a lot of complications most of you know it deteriorates the bones or cartilage I dont know whatever When my doc first told me i needed this I was devastated I said absoutely not im 43 years old and i dont want to lose all mobilty in my ankle I came MsMonkey 1 year ago Hi Ive had approx 30 ortho surgeries for various lower leg issues dislocations of kneecaps dislocations of a few joints in my feet and ankles Im 46 Last surgery was a fusion of my ankle in 2015 So far its been great Id had heel realignment surgery and a subtalar fusion previously so this was just the ankle Pain has gone completely and that alone was worth the 3 month recovery instability of ankle gone too obviously Mobility is visually normal and by that I mean nobody notices theres much difference at all in my gaitincluding several ortho doctors Ive found that Ive just adapted my gait pretty much without noticing I cant run but to be fair Ive not had any need to I cant go on tiptoe like the chap in the video unless I bend my knees to retain balance I cant walk far but thats not entirely due to the ankle fusion If I overdo things I get shin splints which are pretty uncomfortable but soon pass These are because the mechanics of my leg have altered postsurgery so other bones and joints now take the strains that the ankle once did Immediately postsurgery there was virtually no pain at all nerve blockers used during the op About two weeks postsurgery I did experience some severe nerve pain that had me heading back to the hospital but after receiving medication for this the pain eventually went and Ive had no problem with that issue since Shoes with rocker soles may be helpful to some but personally Ive not really found too much difference either way What I have found though is that my shoe size has changed So make sure to try on before buying new shoes Its a difficult decision to make having this surgery but I can recommend it if all else has failed to help Good Luck Tania Rolland 1 year ago Hi There I am trying to figure out if the man in the video had a full ankle fusion OR has he had a subtalar fusion I keep being hopeful when I see videos like this that I will maintain somewhat of a normal life after surgery but then realize that they have had a different kind of fusion people seem to be lumping all ankle fusions into one group I have been told that I need a full ankle fusion and I will have no Up or Down movement in the ankle joint itself So I am envisioning my walk different then this and not being able to do calf raises at all Would really like to know what to expect with a full fusion as I am having a VERY hard time making the decision to have it keith murphy 1 year ago This may be a bit late considering your question is now 3 months old I had a full fusion following 10 years or severe pain due to degenerative arthritis following a motorcycle accident and multiple surgeries The pain was so bad I needed a walking stick and painkillers did nothing I walk normally now and have no pain I never thought this would be possible Im 42 and this was lifechanging for me in the most positive way I cant walk long distances as it causes muscle pain in my foot but its a small insignificant price to pay Wishing Keith David 3 years ago Hi I will be having my left ankle fused early next year and would like to know how difficult it will be to walk up and down slopes Im expecting that walking down a slope because of the lack of ankle movement will be particularly difficult Is this the case or will I be able to walk normally on hilly terrain Rammsteinfan 1 year ago Hello David have had 11 surgeries to repair a compound fracture of my left ankle one being ankle replacement which failed and had to be removed My most recent surgery was a subtalar fusion 10 months ago I am still in a boot but try and walk without it to strengthen my ankle The hardest part of walking with or without the boot is going up or down a slope I have NO balance It really sucks and I hope you have better results than I have had Oh forget about stairs going down is fine but when I try Maggie 3 years ago My experience of ankle injuries Maggie 3 years ago Hi ten years ago I fell resulting in a dislocation and trimaleol surya prakash 4 years ago Hi Regards Im surya from India I had my right hip n right leg both bone fractured and got well operated But I suffer a foot drop with no sensation which is not recovering And Im planning to do an ankle fusion without sensation recovery will it be OK Im worried about a normal walk Will I get it If my ankle is fusedplease advice me ee 4 years ago How can the risk of nonunion be minimized assuming the patient is already a nonsmoker What are the other factors that cause nonunion My Ankle Admin 4 years ago risk factors for nonunion are many and include smoking even exposure to nicotine from replacement patches and eCigarettes movement for example walking on it before you are advised and surgical issues failure to prepare the joints fully and compress them ee 4 years ago assuming a non smoker complying with the surgeons advice and a surgeon experienced surgeon who performs the operation as planned what would the nonunion risk be compared to the 90 success rate mentioned in the article Jim 4 years ago Question Im 40 and about the have a fusion done as well 2 years ago I already had a surgery to remove bone spurs and shave my tibia down with limited success in reducing the pain and discomfort Pain and swelling is back and going to fuse it Does this man have pain when he walks and runsjogs My goal is to be able to jog for a couple miles again and lift weights calf raises to strengthen my calves without pain Im in pain 247 and havent been able to go for a jog in about 7 years Jim MyAnkle Team 4 years ago If you have your ankle joint fused you will by definition put increased stress across the surrounding joints Assuming the adjacent joints are healthy then they will compensate and you will be able to run and jog without problem although after a fusion are likely to have a slight limp If however your adjacent joints already have some wear and tear then you may still have symptoms from them even if your ankle has been fused It is important to stress that if you do run and jog then you will wear the adjacent joints with time and they may My Ankle Admin 4 years ago After fusion of the ankle joint all motion for example in calf raises will take place in the adjacent joints If you intend to jog after surgery you may find that you put significant stress on the adjacent joints which will wear and become arthritic with time and pain may return Debbie Bletso 1 year ago Hi I had a fusion 13 weeks ago I had the plaster cast off a week ago I am using two crutches putting about half weight walking through I get swelling redness after a short while Im going swimming most days walking in the water I have taken Ibuprofen for the last few days to see if this helps Any feedback would be good please Maureen 2 years ago Had my ankle fused 12 weeks ago now had boot removed but getting discomfort from ankle also swelling IS this normal Debbie Bletso 1 year ago Hi Hi I had a fusion 13 weeks ago Very interested in how you are getting on now

O B I B O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Home License Permits Freshwater Commercial FishFrogs Commercial Freshwater Fishing Licenses Permits View current Commercial Freshwater Fishing Rules and Regulations Access commercial licenses at CLS Online Commercial Freshwater Licenses Commercial Freshwater Fishing Licenses Resident NonResident Freshwater Fish Frog Dealers License Residents Commercial Freshwater Dealers Licenses NonResidents Wholesale Buyers License NonResidents ConditionalProhibitedNonnative Species Permit Requirements Florida Residency Requirements For the purpose of obtaining a Commercial Freshwater Fishing License a resident is defined as a citizen of the United States who resides in Florida Acceptable proofs of residency for the purpose of obtaining a Commercial Freshwater License Valid Florida Drivers License or Identification Card Florida Voter Registration Card Proof of Florida Homestead Exemption Corporation Registration Requirements All businesses applying for a Commercial Freshwater License must be registered with the Florida Department of State Division of Corporations prior to submitting an application Business types include Corporations Trademarks Limited Partnerships Limited Liability Companies Fictitious Names General Partnerships and Limited Liability Partnerships Additional Information Private Fish Pond License Aquaculture

O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


MYHSAL Basketball Boys Varsity Boys JV Girls Varsity A Girls Varsity B Girls JV Hockey Girls Boys Varsity Boys JV Volleyball Boys Girls Varsity A Girls Varsity B Girls JV Soccer Boys Varsity Boys JV Girls Varsity Girls JV Softball Boys V Boys JV Rabbi I Poleyeff Girls Baseball Boys

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


GriffinsGryphons Winged Mythical Creatures of Ancient Times Griffins or gryphons are winged mythical creatures with a lions body an eagles head and ears resembling a horses ears Rest of the physical features differs between the myths ie they are sometimes depicted without wings Griffins are most commonly mentioned in Greek mythology however the myth regarding Griffins originated from Ancient India It is believed that the traders traveling from Europe to Mongolia through the Silk Road carried their observations about the fossils of winged creatures found near gold veins These fossils which were later determined to be of dinosaur species named Pentaceratops were the source of the myth about griffins Indians believed at the time that these beasts which were very skilled at finding gold and mining it from rocky places using their strong beaks were guarding their gold or treasures They built their nests near gold veins to protect what is theirs and that is why those fossils were interpreted as they belonged to griffins In Greek mythology tales were told about the fight between griffins and Arimaspians oneeyed people who lived in northern part of Scythia which is the area covering parts of Ukraine Kazakhstan Turkmenistan and Russia today According to the legend Arimaspians wanted to steal gold from griffins and the hostile guards that these beasts are griffins killed them Some stories mention that griffins also ate men and their horses Although their story with the Arimaspians is the most significant one related to griffins myths about these creatures were not limited to Greek mythology they were also a part of Persian and Egyptian mythologies Some legends have it that griffins were able to talk and loved to trick men when they encountered them They asked people riddles and rewarded them with gold if those people knew the answers to those riddles If they did not griffins would slay them Another reference to the creature named griffin is made in some accounts telling the stories of Apollo the god of sun music prophecy and healing in Greek mythology Apollos chariot was pulled by griffins according to some versions of myths about the god Since they symbolized strength and wisdom griffins were used commonly in heraldry ornamenting banners of tribes and nations throughout Europe In his work named A New Dictionary of Heraldry author Stephen Friar stated that claws of a griffin could heal a person and its feathers restored sight for blind people On an interesting note it was mentioned in many accounts of the medieval ages that a griffin mated once in a lifetime and never mated again if its partner died This was later symbolically used by the church in the propaganda against remarriage Griffins were creatures of glorious strength and wisdom and unique with their physical features however no specific griffins were mentioned in the accounts by their names Categories Greek Mythology Tags griffin bird griffin creature griffin images griffin myth griffin mythology griffin pictures mythical creatures in greek mythology

O O B I O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O


Hermit Crab Shells Selecting hermit crab shells by the opening size makes it easy to choose the right ones When you buy from us you can rest easy knowing youll get quality All shells are inspected for chips cracks and holes Rough edges on the outer lips have been filed smooth for comfort Be sure to pick up hermit crab supplies such as food and treats too Size Matters If you need a little help choosing the correct size shell for your hermit crab please visit our size matters page It explains how we measure hermit crab shells You can browse our hermit crab shells by oval or round openings You can also view the entire collection Click on pictures for shell information larger pictures and pictures of hermit crabs wearing the shells Overall shell sizes are typed in black The opening sizes are typed in blue All Hermit Crab Shells Hermit Crab Supplies If you havent found the size or style of the hermit crab shells you are looking for dont hesitate to ask We are here to help you Do you have questions about the proper care of hermit crabs HermitCrabscom has answers Hermit Crab Association and Land Hermit Crabs com are great places to get more information as well Hermit Crab Pictures Large Seashells Medium Seashells Small Seashells Coral Craft Shells Hermit Crab Shells Sea Life Other Items New Items Sale Items

O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O


LTSM ANA CAPS Teacher Development ORGANIZATIONAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORT SERVICES LTSM Strategic Goals and Mandates Goal plan 19 The current position with regards to access of Learning and Teaching Support Material LTSM in South African schools reflects our apartheid past Government in addressing and eliminating these inequalities of the past has invested hugely in equal provisioning of textbooks and other essential LTSM resources The key objective as per Goal 19 as stated in the Vision 2030 document is to ensure that each learner has access to quality learning and teaching material to meet the requirements of the curriculum and improve learner performance The Northern Cape Department of Education has rolled out the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement CAPS to all schools in the province as follows Foundation phase and grade 10 2012 Academic year Intermediate phase and grade 11 2013 Academic year and Senior phase and grade 12 2014 Academic year The Department has also introduced an online textbook tracking and monitoring system where schools are able to place their orders and also have access to view their placed orders and delivery status This system is the first in the country and has improved service that the Department renders to schools The system is currently adopted and used by the Limpopo Department of Education with a possibility of being rolled out to all the other provinces by the Department of Basic Education DBE Our success in the implementation of CAPS could also be aligned to the good relationship the Department has build with publishers over the years but most importantly by using the South African Post Office SAPO as a distribution agent for the delivery of textbooks to schools Learning and Teaching Support Material LTSM The Department has put systems in place to raise accountability with regard to managing this valuable resource Retention and Retrieval of textbooks remain a challenge which ultimately results in high annual top up needs which the Department can not afford The current retrieval rate of 846 needs to be improved upon Managing this resource is critical since nonretrieval impacts on universal coverage which aims to ensure all learners have the required textbooks per subject The Department through its training interventions capacitated ALL 545 public ordinary schools on managing LTSM and improving retrieval strategies in 2017 It must be stressed that Retrieval is a societal issue and that parents and the community at large have a critical role to play in ensuring that ALL textbooks and LTSM provided to learners are returned in a good condition Our annual Retrieval campaign will be strengthened and will call on all role players to advocate 100 retrieval 100 Retrieval of Textbooks The Northern Cape Department of Education NCDOE strives to ensure that learning and teaching takes place from day one when schools reopen in January 2016 Learning and Teaching Support Material LTSM is an integral and vital part of every education system and the effective management utilisation and maintenance of this valuable resource will ensure access and support to the delivery of quality education As the 2015 school year speedily draw to a close the NCDOE wants to call on all role players and the community at large to join the 100 Retrieval of Textbooks campaign and would like to remind all learners to return textbooks for the benefit of other learners in the Province The provision of textbooks for every learner in the schooling system is one o the priorities of the Government and millions of Rands are spent annually on LTSM The Department has committed that every learner must have a core textbook for every subject in Grade If this resource is not protected and valued money which otherwise could have been used for new innovative LTSM has to be used to replace books which are lying in homes not being utilised Parents are requested to honour their parental responsibility in ensuring that their children act responsibly and ensure that All textbooks loaned to their child is returned before the end of the 2015 academic year Principals of schools are required to ensure that maximum retention of textbooks is achieved That calls for effective textbook retrieval system at every school in the province Schools are however reminded not to withhold learners reportsresults as a result of failure to retrieve textbooks even though a strong culture of returning textbooks is emphasized This campaign is aimed at all citizens those in and out of school This is a societal issue Lets ensure 100 retrieval of textbooks in the Northern Cape Attachments Provincial Policy for the Provision and Management of LTSM 2018 NCDOE Sector Management Plan for the Development Printing Procurement Delivery and Utilisation LTSM Roles and Responsibilities for Procurement and Delivery of LTSM Circular No 42 of 2018 2018 Retrieval Campaign 100 Retrieval of Textbooks 100 Retrieval Campaign Poster Workbooks Delivery Schedule Digital Content Mind the Gap Study Guides

B O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


The Concept of Stochastic Dominance Posted November 14 2015 by Nejc Hladnik in Quantitative finance The concept of more or less risky is captured by the notion of a mean preserving spread Ive gone ahead and test it with the concept of stochastic dominance as this combination provides better understanding of them both All graphs and calculations can be downloaded below Last time we dealt with the riskaverseness so it comes by no surprise that more risky assets brings less satisfaction for the same given expected payoff This concept is intuitive thus we can quickly compare assets with expectations vs variance framework if they have at least one common point same mean value or same volatility If this condition is not met we are left in the dark Just imagine are you able to tell me which asset is better for my riskaverse utility function Asset 1 Er 64 st deviation 44 Asset 2 Er 444 st deviation 779 Under the standard meanvariance analysis two investments cant be ranked second investment has greater mean but also greater variance Yet all of us would prefer investment 2 Thus statebystate dominance is not enough for expected utility theory Postulates of expected utility theory lead to a definition of two weaker alternative concepts of dominance with wider applicability These are of interest because they circumscribe the situations in which rankings among risky projects are preference free or can be defined independently of the specific tradeoffs among return risk and other characteristics of probability distributions represented by an agents utility function Even though the math can be quite rigorous I want to explain the concept of stochastic dominance in a hopefully understandable way DEFINITION Firstorder stochastic dominance FSD Let and respectively represent the cumulative probability distribution functions of two random variables cash payoffs that without loss of generality assume values in the interval We say that first order stochastically dominates FSD if and only if for all Since cumulative distribution function tells us the probability that certain payoff value will be smaller or least equal to that value in order for to FSD must be everywhere below and to the right of It should intuitively be preffered Even though it can be usually interpreted from the graph it is better seen from the control chart that shows what is happening to the differences between cumulative functions As long as values dont change sign we can conclude that one investment FSD the other If sign changes than we are left in the dark and have to check for secondorded stochastic dominance for conclusion DEFINITION Secondorder stochastic dominance SSD Let be two super cumulative probability distribution functions for random payoffs in We say that second order stochastically dominates SSD if and only if for any x Since cumulative distribution function tells us the probability that certain payoff value will be smaller or least equal to that value in order for to SSD must be everywhere below and to the right of The condition states that as long the accumulated differences between cumulative distribution functions dont change sign we are able to conclude that one investment SSD the other This is best represented by the last graph Note that since super cumulative function is by definiton integral of cumulative function which is in fact integral of density function the first derivative of super cumulative function will be cumulative function We are basically just accumulating or adding up differences from the control graph as we move along the x axis Some increments may be positive some may be negative but as long as accumulated differences dont change sign we can say which investment SSD the other Simple continuous case FSD Second investment has higher expected payoff as well as variance But when graphing both cumulative functions we can alredy see that since investment 2 lies below and more to the right of investment 1 on the whole interval that it FSD the first investment Intiutivelly every given payoff on the respective interval has lower probability that it will be smaller or at least this big for investment 2 Hence there is more probability left for higher payoffs on the right SSD Because the condition for firstorder stochastic dominance holds we can see that the differences are accumulated nicely accumulation starts with convex and then follows a concave function All riskaverse agents will prefer the secondorded stohastically dominant assset Of course FSD implies SSD if for two investments 1 and 2 1 FSD 2 then it is also true that 1 SSD 2 But the converse is not always true Meanpreserving case FSD I love this example Both investments have the same expected payoff but different variance Looking solely at the second graph we arent able to conclude which investment is preffered even though we are intuitivelly aware of the correct answer Control chart confirms that the differences are first negative and later positive so the condition doesnt hold and no investment FSD the other First there is a higher probability for a lower payoffs but becase of the higher variance same happens to the higher ones on the right side of investment 2 So which investment is dominant SSD Accumulated differences are first getting more and more negative as long as increments are negative as well After riching a peak at the middle they change sign so add them up and the accumulation will again go back to zero But still the condition holds Accumulated differences never changed sign and became positive Our intuition is confirmed investment 1 SSD investment 2 Discrete case FSD Stochastic dominance can be applicable also to other distributions eg in this case we have 2 discrete probability distributions Is the first condition met No This is confirmed by the difference values between them they change sign SSD Is the second condition met Yes On the observable interval accumulation of differences never changes sign Investment 2 SSD investment 1 RESOURCES all graphs and calculations are provided in excel file More information on Harvards or Wikipedias post Since 152018 posts regarding financial simulations and distributions are protected by password The access can be arranged for students of NOVA SBE upon request All comments should be addressed in a polite manner using a full real name Thank you Categories Corporate finance 3 Derivatives markets 1 Interviews 1 Management accounting 2 Quantitative finance 13 Talks and lectures 2 Tools and tips 6 Archives June 2017 February 2017 August 2016 July 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 Meta Entries RSS Comments RSS WordPressorg

O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

stochastic dominance
quantitative finance


Dopaminergic neurons navigation Dopaminergic Neurons are a class of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine Contents 1 Dopaminergic neurons 2 Anatomy 3 Molecular profile 4 Behavior 5 6 Additional information Dopaminergic neurons The human brain contains approximately 400000 to 600000 dopaminergic neurons and thus make up less than 1 of the total number of brain neurons There are nine dopaminecontaining neuronal cell groups in the mammalian brain each with distinct cellular properties These neurons are vital to diverse brain functions including voluntary movement reward addiction and stress Excessive dopamine in the brain is linked to schizophrenia whereas progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons is responsible for Parkinsons Disease Anatomy Dopaminergic neurons are located in the diencephalon mesencephalon medulla oblangata hypothalamus retina and the olfactory bulb Greater than 70 of all dopaminergic neurons are located in the substantia nigra see Nigral dopaminergic Cell Axons of dopaminergic neurons project to the brain by using one of three pathways the mesostriatal mesolimbic and mesocortical Molecular profile There is some evidence that dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus and the olfactory bulb may express γaminobutyric acid GABA in addition to dopamine Behavior In the frontal lobes dopamine controls the flow of information from other areas of the brain They are necessary for tasks that including motor behavior motivation and working memory Dopaminergic neurons for example play a crucial role in the reward system that controls the learning of many specific behaviors Dopamine is also plays a role in rewardpleasure system of the brain It is released by naturally rewarding experiences such as food sex drugs and neutral stimuli that become associated with them Dopamine also regulates prolactin secretion Insufficient dopamine biosynthesis in the dopaminergic neurons can cause Parkinsons disease in which a References Bjorkland A Dunnett S 2007 Dopamine neuron systems in the brain an update Trends in Neuroscience Vol 30 Issue 5 194202 Chinta S Andersen J2005 Dopaminergic Neurons The International Journal of Biochemistry Cell Biology Volume 37 2005 942946 Additional information Dopamine Anatomy httpenwikipediaorgwikiDopamineAnatomy Dopamine receptor httpenwikipediaorgwikiDopamine_receptor see also Nigral dopaminergic cell Categories User contributed neurons Biol6102 student pages

B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

dopaminergic neurons
anatomy
molecular profile


Naval

Base

San

Diego

Creating

comfortable

guest

services

for

those

we

serve

Today

and

Tomorrow

Photos

Navy

Gateway

Inns

and

Suites

combines

all

the

comforts

of

a

hotel

while

specializing

in

official

business

accommodations

If

youre

traveling

for

leisure

dont

forget

to

check

with

NGIS

Reserve

your

room

today

Room

Type

More

Room

Extras

Cable

TV

Clock

Radio

Coffee

Maker

Free

WiFi

Hair

Dryer

HDTV

Microwave

Mini

Refrigerator

Safe

Amenities

Business

Center

Crib

Flat

screen

HDTV

More

On

Base

Amenities

ATM

Auto

Skills

Bank

More

CheckinCheckout

Checkin

pm

Checkout

am

More

Base

Information

Events

Please

visit

navylifeswcomsandiego

navylifeswcom

cnicnavymilregionscnrswinstallationsnavbase_san_diegohtml

More

Area

Attractions

San

Diego

Downtown

Gaslamp

Quarter

PETCO

Park

Seaport

Village

Balboa

Park

San

Diego

Zoo

Old

Town

San

Diego

Sea

World

San

Diego

Wild

Animal

Park

Legoland

Disneyland

California

Area

Events

Please

visit

sandiegoorgeventsaspx

More

Additional

Information

PETS

ALLOWED

Service

animals

only

AIR

CONDITIONER

It

is

available

at

Ford

Hall

building

only

CAB

SERVICES

ARE

ALLOWED

ON

BASE

Orange

Cab

Yellow

Cab

and

Coronado

Cab

NGIS

BUILDING

ADDRESSES

Donnelly

Hall

McHugh

St

San

Diego

CA

Ford

Hall

Norman

Scott

Rd

San

Diego

CA

Copp

Hall

Norman

Scott

Rd

San

Diego

CA

Vesta

Hall

Vesta

St

San

Diego

CA

Naval

Air

Station

North

Island

is

located

five

and

a

half

miles

away

Navy

Gateway

Inns

Suites

does

not

accept

personal

checks

Cash

Visa

MasterCard

Discover

or

American

Express

will

be

accepted

GPSGoogle

Map

directions

may

direct

you

to

a

closed

gate

For

directions

from

the

airport

please

see

Address

section

below

Toll

Free

Main

DSN

Fax

Address

Naval

Base

San

Diego

McHugh

Street

Building

Donnelly

Hall

San

Diego

California

View

on

Google

Maps

Directions

from

the

Airport

Gate

Hours

Latitude

Longitude

NGIS

Directory

Creating

comfortable

guest

services

for

those

we

serve

Today

and

Tomorrow

B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O


Bluegrass

at

Nippo

Schedule

web

address

wwwnippobluegrasscom

Facebook

page

httpwwwfacebookcomNippoLakeBluegrass

Bluegrass

music

is

back

for

another

season

at

Nippo

Hear

some

of

the

finest

acoustic

artists

in

New

England

Bluegrass

at

Nippo

has

become

a

Winters

Sunday

night

tradition

Good

food

Good

music

Band

performing

Link

to

bands

web

site

Sept

Taylor

River

httpwwwtaylorriverbandcom

Oct

Cedar

Mountain

httpwwwcedarmountainbluegrasscom

Oct

Bolt

Hill

Bluegrass

Band

httpswwwbolthillbandcom

Oct

Cordwood

httpwwwcordwoodmusiccom

Oct

The

Joshua

Incident

httpthejoshuaincidentcom

Nov

High

Range

Nov

Mink

Hills

httpminkhillsbandcom

Nov

Honest

Millie

httpwwwhonestmilliecom

Nov

Cordwood

httpwwwcordwoodmusiccom

Dec

Lunch

at

the

Dump

Dec

Merrimack

Valley

Bluegrass

httpssitesgooglecomsitemerrimackvalleybluegrass

Dec

Seth

Sawyer

Band

httpsmfacebookcomSethSawyerBand

Dec

No

Music

Tonight

Happy

Holidays

Dec

Cedar

Mountain

httpswwwfacebookcomcedarmountainbluegrass

Jan

The

Bluegrass

Bureaux

Cats

httpswwwfacebookcomwwwbluegrassbureauxcats

Jan

Wide

Open

Spaces

httpwwwwideospacescom

Jan

Bolt

Hill

Bluegrass

Band

httpswwwbolthillbandcom

Jan

New

England

Bluegrass

Band

httpswwwfacebookcomNEBgB

Feb

No

Music

Tonight

Super

Bowl

Sunday

Feb

Lunch

at

the

Dump

Feb

Taylor

River

httpwwwtaylorriverbandcom

Feb

EC

and

the

Darrellicks

httpswwwfacebookcomECandtheDarrellicks

Mar

Bolt

Hill

Bluegrass

Band

httpswwwbolthillbandcom

Mar

High

Range

Mar

The

Bluegrass

Bureaux

Cats

Mar

Cordwood

httpwwwcordwoodmusiccom

Mar

Lunch

at

the

Dump

Apr

The

Joshua

Incident

httpthejoshuaincidentcom

Apr

Taylor

River

httpwwwtaylorriverbandcom

Apr

No

Music

Tonight

Happy

Easter

Apr

Mink

Hills

httpminkhillsbandcom

Thank

you

for

another

fine

season

See

you

again

this

fall

B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Table of Contents Commands Casting From Console Casting From Command Blocks Special Commands Fake Spells Reload Magic Item Reset Cooldowns Reset Mana Update Mana Rank Force Cast Modify Variable Debug Commands Casting From Console It is possible to cast certain spells from the console Most spells that can target an enemy can be cast at a player using the format cast spell player Most spells that target a locationblock can be cast by using the format cast spell worldxyz Casting From Command Blocks Most spells that target a location can be cast from a command block Coordinate offsets can also be specified using the format cast spell x y z The Area Effect Spell works great with command blocks Special Commands Fake Spells Several special commands can be executed with the regular cast command These fake spells can perform several useful functions All of these special commands require server op status to use Reload Using cast reload will reload the plugin from its config It will also reset all spell states for example buff spells will be turned off Using cast reload player will reload that players known spells Magic Item Using cast magicitem item quantity will give you that item The item uses the Item Type format or you can specify a predefined item Reset Cooldowns Using cast resetcd will reset all player cooldowns for all spells Using cast resetcd player will reset all cooldowns for that player Reset Mana Using cast resetmana player will reset that players mana including loading their mana rank Update Mana Rank Using cast updatemanarank player will update the players mana rank and will not do anything if the mana rank does not need changed Force Cast Using cast forcecast player spell args will force the specified player to cast the specified spell This will bypass the requirement for the player to know the spell but they will still need to pass the other checks cast permission reagents cooldown etc Modify Variable Using cast modifyvariable variable player numnumnum will modify the variable for the specified player To modify a global variable you can put anything you want in place of the player parameter a dash works fine Debug Using cast debug will toggle debug mode

O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O