What are the Consequences of Global Banking for the International Transmission of Shocks A Quantitative Analysis José L Fillat Stefania Garetto Arthur V Smith NBER Working Paper No 25203 Issued in October 2018 NBER Programs International Finance and Macroeconomics International Trade and Investment The global financial crisis of 2008 was followed by a wave of regulatory reforms that affected large banks especially those with a global presence These reforms were reactive to the crisisIn this paper we propose a structural model of global banking that can be used proactively to perform counterfactual analysis on the effects of alternative regulatory policies The structure of the model mimics the US regulatory framework and highlights the rganizational choices that banks face when entering a foreign market branching versus subsidiarization When calibrated to match moments from a sample of European banks the model is able to replicate You may purchase this paper online in pdf format from SSRNcom 5 for electronic delivery Your subscription expired 732 days ago Supplementary materials for this paper data appendix Acknowledgments Machinereadable bibliographic record MARC RIS Document Object Identifier DOI 103386w25203 Working Papers Publications Working Papers MORE SEARCH OPTIONS This Weeks Working Papers Check to see if you are eligible for Free Downloads Become a subscriber Free Publications Bulletin on Aging and Health Digest Nontechnical summaries of 48 working papers per month Reporter News about the Bureau and its activities Become a subscriber NBER Research Disclosure Policy Activities NBER activities are organized into and Working Groups Aging Asset Pricing Behavioral Finance Children Chinese Economy Cohort Studies Corporate Finance Economics of Crime Development Economics Development of the American Economy Economic Fluctuations and Growth Education Entrepreneurship Environment and Energy Financial Risks Health Care Health Economics Household Finance Industrial Organization Innovation Policy Insurance International Finance and Macroeconomics International Trade and Investment Labor Studies Law and Economics Market Design Monetary Economics Organizational Economics Personnel Economics Political Economy Productivity Innovation and Entrepreneurship Public Economics Urban Economics Special Projects Retirement and Disability Research Center The Science of Science Funding Initiative The Women Working Longer Project Center for Aging and Health Research CAHR Conference on Econometrics and Mathematical Economics CEME Conference on Research in Income and Wealth CRIW Disability Research Center DRC Retirement Research Center RRC Illinois Workplace Wellness Study The Oregon Health Insurance Experiment Science Engineering Workforce SEWP Meetings by invitation only Recent Meetings December 78 International Trade and Investment December 7 Health Care December 7 Entrepreneurship November 30 December 1 Development Economics More summaries of NBER Meetings Other Meeting Links NBER Summer Institutes Summer Institute Econometric Lectures NBER Annual Conference on Macroeconomics New Developments in LongTerm Asset Management Public Policies in Canada and the United States Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth Calls for Papers NBER Videos 2018 Labor Market Consequences of International Trade 2018 Martin Feldstein Lecture 2018 Summer Institute Methods Lectures 2018 Social Security 2018 Big Data and HighPerformance Computing for Financial Economics 2018 Policy Panel on the Consequences of Trade 2018 The Global Financial Crisis at 10 Earlier Summer Institute Methods Lectures Earlier Martin Feldstein Lectures Other NBER Videos Themes in NBER Research Africa Charter Schools Childhood Interventions Chinas Economy Commodity Prices Developments in the European Economy Energy Entrepreneurship Immigration and Innovation Inequality International Capital Flows Productivity and Growth Taxation Data Boston Census Research Data Center BRDC Public Use Data Archive Frequently Requested Business Cycle Memos FAQ Members Business Cycle Dates Current Population Survey Economic Report of the President New Economic Releases Vital Statistics

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

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Division I Mens Basketball DI HOME SCORES BRACKET RANKINGS STANDINGS STATS VIDEO FINAL FOUR HISTORY NIT Andy Katz NCAAcom Correspondent July 25 2018 Dont sleep on Tulsa in the American Athletic Conference this season The college basketball season will be here faster than you know it And its never too early to be thinking about your March Madness bracket To help you out we are going to break down each conference with storylines to know predictions and power rankings you should know ahead of the upcoming season Here is our preview of the American Athletic Conference Here are 12 storylines to watch in the American American Athletic Conference this season 1 The health of the Knights This is the most important story to chart UCF coach Johnny Dawkins told March Madness 365 that BJ Taylor Tacko Fall and his son Aubrey Dawkins were all going to be good to go for the fall play at the latest with all but Fall cleared for contact now If this team is healthy then theres no reason why the Knights cant compete for the league title and a decent seed in the NCAA tournament Dawkins landed well from Stanford He is all class and character and it would be great to see this Standing at 76 Tacko Fall will naturally play a large roll in UCF_MBB s journey to the tourney Coach_Dawkins talks with TheAndyKatz on this weeks March Madness 365 Podcast httpstcoKG5t0LMneU pictwittercom1hdq4Izzkk NCAA March Madness marchmadness July 17 2018 2 Jarron Cumberland could be the next Cincinnati star Mick Cronin has built as consistent a program as there is in the country He wins and he produces talent that develops from the first day to the last He told NCAAcom that Cumberland could be the player of the year in the league and the next one to step up on campus The Bearcats are also reopening their new arena with Ohio State This should be another banner season for Cronin MORE Dawkins talks UCFs tournament hopes with return of Tacko Fall Podcast 3 Penny Hardaways impact in Memphis Hardaway has a team that is ready to make a jump toward the top of the AAC Hes also having a major impression on recruits Seeing Hardaway on the sidelines for Memphis fans will beshould be a huge boost for the programs selfesteem This is not a reach Hardaway earned this gig by working as a high school coach He didnt just have his hand out for this gig If Hardaway can get the Tigers in the NCAA tournament in year one it will be a major coup for the universitycity to revitalize a 4 Dan Hurleys imprint on UConn The Huskies may be a year or two away from fully being back chasing a league title But doubting Hurley would be a mistake His intensity and passion for this job any job is apparent Jalen Adams came back to UConn to finish his Huskies career on a high Taking them to the postseason any postseason tournament would allow him to leave with his head high This team under Kevin Ollie wasnt healthy recently If Hurley can benefit from a healthy team then the Huskies should make huge strides dhurley15 has been greatly impacted by the coaching legacy of his family Find out how in this weeks Get To Know Head Coach Dan Hurley ThisIsUConn DoMore pictwittercom0iHMIDoGHR UConn Mens Hoops UConnMBB July 19 2018 5 Houston was no fluke The Cougars have been building up toward being a consistent player for the title the past few seasons Last season was the break through campaign If it werent for Jordan Pooles 3pointer at the buzzer for Michigan then Houston could have made a serious run to the Final Four Corey Davis Armoni Brooks and Fabian White give the Cougars plenty to work with for another top four finish Dont expect scoring to be an issue or being a lockdown defensive team Not having the goto Rob Gray to bail them out of tough situations will RELATED The ultimate AZ guide to college basketballs nonconference schedule 6 Frans last stand Temple made the decision that this would be Fran Dunphys last season with the Owls Dunphy has handled this with class and will help aid the transition to assistant Aaron McKie But this team still could be in the tournament with Shizz Alston Nate PierreLouis and Quinton Rose all back along the perimeter This team will be tough to get by and can get to the rack How the post develops and whether Temple can navigate the usual tough nonconference slate will determine if Dunphy goes out with an NCAA berth 7 No way Wichita State should be this low I know I know This is based on returning talent And its probably wrong because Gregg Marshall doesnt ever finish in or near the bottom Markis McDuffie will be beast for the Shockers This team will remain one of the more athletic in the conference but will be inexperienced The homecourt advantage for Wichita State will do wonders for keeping the Shockers in every game and in the mix within the AAC 8 The sleeper Tulsa The Golden Hurricane could be the team that sneaks up and earns a bid toward the end of the season Of course how Tulsa handles its nonconference could help the cause But Frank Haith may have his most talented team with Daquan Jeffries who could be an allleague player of the year type candidate Sterling Taplin and Martins Igbanu give Tulsa another 12 punch outside and in Jeriah Horne will be a huge addition for Tulsa This program doesnt get the national love it deserves sometimes but will be a late bloomer that will deserve attention Hot off the press Heres a look at our upcoming nonconference schedule featuring matchups with Oklahoma State and Kansas State at the Reynolds Center ForOurCity httpstcoi3DKcIEZnH pictwittercomiXKciBxVZM Tulsa Basketball TUMBasketball July 13 2018 9 Dont dismiss SMU The Mustangs were battling injuries and a transition last season That shouldnt be an issue this season Jahmal McMurray Jarrey Foster will be studs for the Mustangs and Jimmy Whitt Ethan Chargois and transfer Isiaha Mike will provide plenty of productivity on the offensive end Tim Jankovich is one of the under appreciated coaches who maximizes talent 10 The hire of Joe Dooley at East Carolina This should give ECU a jolt in a good way Dooley had a previous stint at ECU and is familiar with how this program works He flirted with a number of jobs out of Florida Gulf Coast and he goes to ECU He has his work cut out for him but if he can bring the excitement back to ECU in some of the manner in which he did at Gulf Coast then this will be a home run hire 11 The next star at Tulane Melvin Frazier was a sleeper NBA draft player out of Tulane going in the second round to Orlando Now enter Ray Ona Embo Hes going to be a stud for the Green Wave He averaged 10 a game but expect that to sky rocket this season Mike Dunleavy Sr knows how to maximize talent and prepare players for the league SUBSCRIBE 0000 0000 12 Fresh faces at USF Brian Gregory is in his second season with the Bulls and will lean heaving on TJ Lang Laquincy Rideau and Alexis Yetna as well as returnee David Collins If they can produce early and often then the turnaround could come sooner for the Bulls Early predictions Cincinnati UCF will be locks for the NCAA touranment Memphis Houston Temple Tulsa and Wichita State will be bubble teams I could see three of the five getting bids SMU and UConn are the outliers who could surprise Here are our summer power rankings for the American Athletic Conference Cincinnati UCF Memphis Houston Temple Tulsa SMU UConn Wichita State USF Tulane ECU Heres our list for the first team Jalen Adams UConn Jarron Cumberland Cincinnati BJ Taylor UCF Tacko Fall UCF Markis McDuffie Wichita State Andy Katz is an NCAAcom correspondent Katz worked at ESPN for 18 years as a college basketball reporter host and anchor Katz has covered every Final Four since 1992 and the sport since 1986 as a freshman at Wisconsin He is a former president of the United States Basketball Writers Association Follow him on Twitter at theandykatz Follow his March Madness 365 weekly podcast here The views on this page do not necessarily reflect the views of the NCAA or its member institutions

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Ectopic

Pregnancy

and

Miscarriage

Diagnosis

and

Initial

Management

in

Early

Pregnancy

of

Ectopic

Pregnancy

and

Miscarriage

Contents

References

Abaid

LN

AsSanie

S

Wolfe

HM

Relationship

between

crownrump

length

and

early

detection

of

cardiac

activity

Journal

of

Reproductive

Medicine

PubMed

Abdallah

Y

Daemen

A

Kirk

E

Pexsters

A

Naji

O

Stalder

C

Gould

D

Ahmed

S

Guha

S

Syed

S

Bottomley

C

Timmerman

D

Bourne

T

Limitations

of

current

definitions

of

miscarriage

using

mean

gestational

sac

diameter

and

crownrump

length

measurements

a

multicenter

observational

study

Ultrasound

in

Obstetrics

Gynecology

PubMed

Aboud

E

Chaliha

C

Nine

year

survey

of

ectopic

pregnancies

Archives

of

Gynecology

and

Obstetrics

PubMed

Adolfsson

A

Bertero

C

Larsson

PG

Effect

of

a

structured

followup

visit

to

a

midwife

on

women

with

early

miscarriage

a

randomized

study

Acta

Obstetricia

et

Gynecologica

Scandinavica

PubMed

AEPU

Personal

communication

Akhter

P

Padmanabhan

A

Babiker

W

Sayed

A

Molelekwa

V

Geary

M

Introduction

of

an

early

pregnancy

assessment

unit

audit

on

the

first

months

of

service

Irish

Journal

of

Medical

Science

PubMed

AlSuleiman

SA

Khwaja

SS

Ectopic

pregnancy

Journal

of

Obstetrics

and

Gynaecology

Alexander

JM

Rouse

DJ

Varner

E

Austin

JM

Jr

Treatment

of

the

small

unruptured

ectopic

pregnancy

a

cost

analysis

of

methotrexate

versus

laparoscopy

Obstetrics

and

Gynecology

PubMed

Ankum

WM

WieringadeWaard

M

Bindels

PJ

Management

of

spontaneous

miscarriage

in

the

first

trimester

an

example

of

putting

informed

shared

decision

making

into

practice

BMJ

PMC

free

article

PubMed

Ayudhaya

OPN

Herabutya

Y

Chanrachakul

B

Ayuthaya

NIN

Prasertsawat

P

A

comparison

of

the

efficacy

of

sublingual

and

oral

misoprostol

microgram

in

the

management

of

early

pregnancy

failure

A

randomized

controlled

trial

Journal

of

the

Medical

Association

of

Thailand

SUPPL

PubMed

Bagratee

JS

Khullar

V

Regan

L

Moodley

J

Kagoro

H

A

randomized

controlled

trial

comparing

medical

and

expectant

management

of

first

trimester

miscarriage

Human

Reproduction

PubMed

Banerjee

S

Aslam

N

Zosmer

N

Woelfer

B

Jurkovic

D

The

expectant

management

of

women

with

early

pregnancy

of

unknown

location

Ultrasound

in

Obstetrics

and

Gynecology

PubMed

Bangsgaard

N

Lund

CO

Ottesen

B

Nilas

L

Improved

fertility

following

conservative

surgical

treatment

of

ectopic

pregnancy

BJOG

An

International

Journal

of

Obstetrics

and

Gynaecology

PubMed

Barnhart

KT

Rinaudo

P

Hummel

A

Pena

J

Sammel

MD

Chittams

J

Acute

and

chronic

presentation

of

ectopic

pregnancy

may

be

two

clinical

entities

Fertility

and

Sterility

PubMed

Barnhart

KT

Sammel

MD

Appleby

D

Rausch

M

Molinaro

T

Van

Calster

B

Kirk

E

Condous

G

Van

Huffel

S

Timmerman

D

Bourne

T

Does

a

prediction

model

for

pregnancy

of

unknown

location

developed

in

the

UK

validate

on

a

US

population

Human

Reproduction

PMC

free

article

PubMed

Barnhart

KT

Sammel

MD

Gracia

CR

Chittams

J

Hummel

AC

Shaunik

A

Risk

factors

for

ectopic

pregnancy

in

women

with

symptomatic

firsttrimester

pregnancies

Fertility

and

Sterility

PubMed

Basama

FM

Crosfill

F

The

outcome

of

pregnancies

in

women

with

threatened

miscarriage

Archives

of

Gynecology

and

Obstetrics

PubMed

Baumann

R

Magos

AL

Turnbull

A

Prospective

comparison

of

videopelviscopy

with

laparotomy

for

ectopic

pregnancy

British

Journal

of

Obstetrics

and

Gynaecology

PubMed

Becker

S

Solomayer

E

Hornung

R

Kurek

R

Banys

M

Aydeniz

B

Franz

H

Wallwiener

D

Fehm

T

Optimal

treatment

for

patients

with

ectopic

pregnancies

and

a

history

of

fertilityreducing

factors

Archives

of

Gynecology

and

Obstetrics

PubMed

Bignardi

T

Burnet

S

Alhamdan

D

Lu

C

Pardey

J

Benzie

R

Condous

G

Management

of

women

referred

to

an

acute

gynecology

unit

impact

of

an

ultrasoundbased

model

of

care

Ultrasound

in

Obstetrics

and

Gynecology

PubMed

Bigrigg

MA

Read

MD

Management

of

women

referred

to

early

pregnancy

assessment

unit

care

and

cost

effectiveness

BMJ

PMC

free

article

PubMed

Blanchard

K

Taneepanichskul

S

Kiriwat

O

Sirimai

K

Svirirojana

N

Mavimbela

N

Winikoff

B

Two

regimens

of

misoprostol

for

treatment

of

incomplete

abortion

Obstetrics

and

Gynecology

PubMed

Blohm

F

Friden

BE

Milsom

I

PlatzChristensen

JJ

Nielsen

S

A

randomised

double

blind

trial

comparing

misoprostol

or

placebo

in

the

management

of

early

miscarriage

BJOG

An

International

Journal

of

Obstetrics

and

Gynaecology

PubMed

Blohm

F

Hahlin

M

Nielsen

S

Milsom

I

Fertility

after

a

randomised

trial

of

spontaneous

abortion

managed

by

surgical

evacuation

or

expectant

treatment

Lancet

PubMed

Blumenthal

PD

Remsburg

RE

A

time

and

cost

analysis

of

the

management

of

incomplete

abortion

with

manual

vacuum

aspiration

International

Journal

of

Gynecology

and

Obstetrics

PubMed

Bouyer

J

Coste

J

Fernandez

H

Pouly

JL

JobSpira

N

Sites

of

ectopic

pregnancy

A

year

populationbased

study

of

cases

Human

Reproduction

PubMed

Bouyer

J

JobSpira

N

Pouly

JL

Coste

J

Germain

E

Fernandez

H

Fertility

following

radical

conservativesurgical

or

medical

treatment

for

tubal

pregnancy

A

populationbased

study

British

Journal

of

Obstetrics

and

Gynaecology

PubMed

Bree

RL

Edwards

M

BohmVelez

M

Beyler

S

Roberts

J

Mendelson

EB

Transvaginal

sonography

in

the

evaluation

of

normal

early

pregnancy

Correlation

with

HCG

level

American

Journal

of

Roentgenology

PubMed

Briggs

AH

OBrien

BJ

The

death

of

costminimization

analysis

Health

Economics

PubMed

Brown

DL

Emerson

DS

Felker

RE

Cartier

MS

Smith

WC

Diagnosis

of

early

embryonic

demise

by

endovaginal

sonography

Journal

of

Ultrasound

in

Medicine

PubMed

Brownlea

S

Holdgate

A

Thou

ST

Davis

GK

Impact

of

an

early

pregnancy

problem

service

on

patient

care

and

Emergency

Department

presentations

Australian

and

New

Zealand

Journal

of

Obstetrics

and

Gynaecology

PubMed

Buckley

RG

King

KJ

Disney

JD

Ambroz

PK

Gorman

JD

Klausen

JH

Derivation

of

a

clinical

prediction

model

for

the

emergency

department

diagnosis

of

ectopic

pregnancy

Academic

Emergency

Medicine

PubMed

Cacciatore

B

Stenman

UH

Ylostalo

P

Comparison

of

abdominal

and

vaginal

sonography

in

suspected

ectopic

pregnancy

Obstetrics

and

Gynecology

PubMed

Cacciatore

B

Tiitinen

A

Stenman

UH

Ylostalo

P

Normal

early

pregnancy

serum

hCG

levels

and

vaginal

ultrasonography

findings

British

Journal

of

Obstetrics

and

Gynaecology

PubMed

Cantwell

R

CluttonBrock

T

Cooper

G

Dawson

A

Drife

J

Garrod

D

Harper

A

Hulbert

D

Lucas

S

McClure

J

MillwardSadler

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B I O B B O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O 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O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


SOD3 superoxide dismutase 3 human Results describe the molecular cloning of both full length and truncated form of human SOD3 both expressed in Sf9 insect cells as monomers and dimer conformation with enzymatic activity study suggests that carriers of adiponectin gene promoter 11391GAAA and ECSOD CGGG genotypes may have a high risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD and the gene genotypes can interact with H Pylori infection in the pathogenesis of NAFLD FXR may regulate SOD3 expression to suppress reactive oxygen species production resulting in decreasing JNK activity These results support the hypothesis that loss of extracellular SOD contributes to the invasive phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma The Tallele of rs2284659 in the promoter of SOD3 was associated with better cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients SOD3 regulates the expression of multiple components of small G protein GTPase signal pathways Expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase ECSOD and expression of the prooxidant gene NADPH oxidase 4 was decreased significantly by trichostatin A Extracellular superoxide dismutase ameliorates streptozotocininduced rat diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting the ROSERK12 signaling ECSOD Ala40Thr polymorphism a significant association was observed between this polymorphism and HCC risk in nonhepatitis B virus HBV carriers but not in HBV carriers The combination of serum S100A9 SOD3 and MMP9 levels could achieve 925 sensitivity and 95 specificity to discriminate between pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy controls Sod3 is a critical mediator of VEGFCinduced breast cancer metastasis the rs1799895 polymorphism in extracellular superoxide dismutase affects cardiopulmonary disease risk by altering protein distribution The treatment with E2 suppressed whereas VC and Res prevented E2mediated decrease in the expression levels of SOD3 NQO1 Nrf2 mRNA and protein in MCF10A cells No any significantly association between SOD3 rs2695232 polymorphism and seminal superoxide dismutase activity These results demonstrate that the transcription factor HIF1alpha and its important gene target VEGF can be modulated by the antioxidant enzyme EcSOD If oxidative stress is an important mechanism in POAGrelated retinal ganglion cell death genetic variations in SOD1 SOD2 and SOD3 are not major contributors in the pathogenesis We analyzed genes of the superoxide dismutase family SOD1 SOD2 and SOD3 that are part of a major antioxidative stress system in human in order to detect the genetic variants contributing to the development of ASD Loss of SOD3 is associated with prostate cancer Results suggest that there is no considerable influence of sequence variation in SOD3 on human longevity in Germans the impact of Glutamate carboxypeptidase II GCPII haplotypes on the expression of PSMA BNIP3 EcSOD GSTP1 and RASSF1 genes were elucidated to understand the epigenetic basis of oxidative stress and prostate cancer risk If genetic variation in genes encoding SOD1 SOD2 and SOD3 contributes to cataract formation there is no major contribution of the SNPs analyzed in the present study Data suggest that epigenetic silencing of EcSOD may contribute to mammary tumorigenesis and that restoring the extracellular superoxide scavenging activity could be an effective strategy for breast cancer treatment The hECSOD protein was expressed in the egg white and showed antioxidant activity The less common allele in SOD3 rs699473 was associated with an increased risk of highgrade prostate cancer T C OR 140 95 CI 104189 Mesenchymal stem cellderived chondrocytes adipocytes and osteocytes secrete an active and functional SOD3 enzyme Overexpression of ECSOD combined with neutrophil blockade protects transgenic mice from hyperoxiainduced lung injury There is a positive relationship between the prolactinoma severity and serum ECSOD results suggest aberrations in onecarbon metabolism appear to induce altered gene expression of ECSOD GSTP1 and BNIP3 and thus contribute to the increased oxidative stress and increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease Antioxidant enzyme SOD3 reverses DNA damage response and cellular transdifferentiation in aortic valve sclerosis studies further demonstrate that SOD3 but not SOD2 and SOD1 is induced by antioxidants and is regulated through NRF2 SOD3 may thus be an important gene in defense against oxidative stress and in the prevention of estrogenmediated breast cancer Genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes in preterm infants miR21 promotes tumorigenesis and key targets of miR21 in mediating this function were SOD3 and TNFalpha Higher frequency of both Ala9Val MnSOD and Arg213Gly ECSOD polymorphisms was found in women with preeclampsia compared to women with normal pregnancies results suggest that the expression of Extracellularsuperoxide dismutase ECSODwas increased by TPA administration and it was speculated that the activation of PKC MEKERK and an increase of intracellular ROS were necessary for the induction of ECSOD in THP1 cells There were no significant differences in the distribution of the different genotypes or allele gene frequencies in the ECSOD genes between the patients and the controls The SOD3 might provide an effective strategy for the treatment of HAFmediated skin inflammation The loss of EcSOD expression is unique among the superoxide dismutases in lung cancer and is the result of EcSOD promoter methylation and LOH suggesting that its early loss may contribute to ECM remodeling and malignant progression Results suggest that NQO2 SOD2 and SOD3 may significantly modify prognosis of breast cancer patients an alteration in SOD3 expression and activity could be associated to Systemic sclerosis SSc fibrosis Mushroom lectin strongly prevented sodium arseniteinduced damage of SOD production pathway in hepatocytes Extracellular superoxide dismutase cellspecific and interferongammainducible expression in pulmonary artery cells is regulated to a major degree by epigenetic mechanisms that include histone acetylation and DNA methylation elevated sputum levels in smokers and in COPD patients Extracellular superoxide dismutase facilitates clearance of bacteria and limits inflammation in response to infection by promoting bacterial phagocytosis Polymorphisms in human ecSOD have also been reported and it appears logical to assume that such variations may have a profound effect on disease susceptibility hCSOD3 has the potential to penetrate and translocate cargo molecules into cells and has no cytotoxicity at effective concentration Extracellularsuperoxide dismutase expression during monocytic differentiation of U937 cells hECSOD gene transfer protects against oxidative stressimpaired NO bioavailability in alveolar epithelial cells both in vitro and in the lung in vivo The first European study of the SOD2 SOD3 NQO1 and NQO2 roles in pancreatic cancer etiology did not find significant associations The interaction between LRP and ECSOD is thus likely to be important for maintaining redox balance in the circulation Downregulation of SOD3 is associated with thyroid cancer polymorphisms in the SOD3 gene were associated with CT emphysema but not COPD susceptibility CuZnSOD and MnSOD may suppress tumour growth through inhibiting metabolic stressinduced necrosis and HMGB1 release via inhibiting metabolic stressinduced mitochondrial ROS production Observational study of genedisease association geneenvironment interaction and pharmacogenomic toxicogenomic HuGE Navigator the importance of methylation in the repression of ECSOD expression epigenetic modifications play a role in the regulation of ECSOD expression In preeclampsia labor upregulates SOD1 in fetal membranes as well as SOD2 and SOD3 in the whole placenta Observational study of genedisease association genegene interaction geneenvironment interaction and genetic testing HuGE Navigator lower circulatory levels antioxidant activity in vitiligo Indian patients Genetic studies have identified an association between extracellular superoxide dismutase ECSOD polymorphisms and risk for developing COPD Metaanalysis of genedisease association HuGE Navigator Observational study of genedisease association genegene interaction and geneenvironment interaction HuGE Navigator Two common SOD3 SNPs were found associated with decreased forced expiratory volume and decreased maximal expiratory flow volume SOD3 has a selective antiinflammatory role in ischemic damages preventing the migration of reactive oxygen producing monocytemacrophages Studied SOD2Ala 9Val SOD3 Arg213Gly polymorphisms as risk factors for asbestosis in workers exposed to asbestos Asbestosis was associated with the homozygous SOD2 9AlaAla genotypethe association for SOD3 ArgGly genotype was not significant SOD3 R231G polymorphism associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction The Arg213Gly snp in SOD3 has a protective effect on the FEV in neversmokers The G4466Trs8192288 SOD3 snp is associated with the level of vital capacity in the general population Clinical trial of genedisease association and geneenvironment interaction HuGE Navigator crystal structure of human SOD3 at 17 A resolution binding sites Carriers of the Ala40Thr single nucleotide polymorphism showed an increased risk for severe fetal growth restrictioncomplicated preeclampsia The CCC haplotypes could be genetic markers for cerebral infarction and the ECSOD gene may be a susceptibility gene for CI in women Human SOD3 genetic variants are associated with lower lung function in children Observational study of genedisease association and genegene interaction HuGE Navigator two novel polymorphisms in a conserved region of the SOD3 gene are associated with lung function or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease common variants in the SOD2 SOD3 and CAT genes may influence brain tumor risk Sp1 and Sp3 plays role in regulating the expression of human ECSOD in the lung Based on the results of our haplotypebased casecontrol study the TA haplotype may be a genetic marker for essential hypertension and thus the ECSOD gene might be a susceptibility gene for it chronic hypoxia decreased lung ECSOD activity and protein expression in wildtype mice but ECSOD activity remained five to seven times higher in ECSOD TG mice under hypoxic conditions Observational study of genotype prevalence HuGE Navigator generation of the ECSOD folding variants is an intracellular event that depends on a free cysteine residue not involved in disulfide bonding inhibition of oxidative hyaluronan fragmentation probably represents one mechanism by which ECSOD inhibits inflammation in response to lung injury Observational study of genedisease association and geneenvironment interaction HuGE Navigator Observational study of genedisease association HuGE Navigator Variation in enzymatic potency of 3 dimers of ECSOD can regulate antioxidant level in the extracellular space and represents a novel way of modulating enzymatic activity Common human gene variant of ECSOD fails to protect against endothelial dysfunction produced by an inflammatory stimulus No significant association with prostate cancer was observed for polymorphic variants in SOD3 Cultured keratoconus stromal cells respond with a reduced SOD3 synthesis to interleukin1alpha which is not the case in corresponding normal or bullous keratopathy cells ECSOD gene mutations were screened in a sample of southern Italian population Extracellular superoxide dismutase R213G heterozygosity protects against development of COPD in the Danish general population intracellular proteolytic processing of extracellular superoxide dismutase is a twostep event The roles these SOD isoforms especially SOD3 play in both normal nasal mucosa and NP require further clarification Higher frequencies of SOD2 allele Val and genotype ValVal and of SOD3 allele Arg and genotype ArgArg were established for group DPN On this evidence SOD2 and SOD3 were associated with DPN in DM type 1 EcSODfibulin5 interaction is needed for ecSOD binding to vascular tissues regulating their O2 levels This is a new mechanism for controlling vascular redox state in the extracellular space in cardiovascular diseases with high oxidative stress Furin proteolytically processes the heparinbinding region of extracellular superoxide dismutase consistent with several other antioxidant enzymes ECSOD is very low in fibrotic areas of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisusual interstitial pneumonia which may further increase the oxidant burden in this disease Reduction in extracellular superoxide dismutase activity is associated with hypertension In NIDDM serum ECSOD concentration levels may be a marker of vascular injury possibly reflecting hyperglycemiainduced oxidative injury to the vascular endothelium A common gene variant in the heparinbinding domain of ecSOD which is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease may be a risk factor for vascular maladaptation and endothelial dysfunction in heart failure ECSOD with high affinity for heparinSepharose formed not only a tetramer but also an octamer composed of both aECSOD and iECSOD folding variants Is endocytosed into endothelial cells through clathrinmediated pathway but does not translocate to the nucleus Impairment of endocytosis may contribute to high plasma levels of ECSODR213G in R213G carriers we present the crystal structure of fully cysteinedepleted human SOD SODCallA representing a reduced marginally stable intermediate on the folding pathway in vivo that has also been implicated as neurotoxic precursor state ECSOD has a role as an antioxidant gene product in human fibroblasts ECSOD expression in aged transgenic mice impaired contextual learning but the impairment was decreased in the aged transgenic mice prevents endothelial cellmediated oxidative modification of LDL Review Blood vessels express 3 isoforms of superoxide dismutase SOD 1 of which is an extracellular form of CuZnSOD This review will focus mainly on the role of individual SODs in relation to endothelium under normal conditions and in disease states Atox1 functions not only as a copper chaperone for SOD3 but also as a positive regulator for SOD3 transcription and may have an important role in modulating oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system Transgenic hECSOD ameliorated the 95 O2impaired bromodeoxyuridine uptake in alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium at P3 but not at P5 and P7 when overall epithelial proliferation rates were lower in airexposed wildtype mice There is lower activity in diabetic compared with normal subjects ECSOD may play an important protective role against increased oxidative stress during acute ischemic coronary events Chromosome mapping of SOD3 to chromosome band 4p153p151 the decrease of antioxidant defense strategies play a primary role by compromising NO availability in normally aged individuals particularly through a progressive decrease of ECSOD activity

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