New Delhi metallobetalactamase 1 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Klebsiella pneumoniae the bacterium in which NDM1 was first identified New Delhi metallobetalactamase 1 NDM1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of betalactam antibiotics These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibioticresistant bacterial infections The gene for NDM1 is one member of a large gene family that encodes betalactamase enzymes called carbapenemases Bacteria that produce carbapenemases are often referred to in the news media as superbugs because infections caused by them are difficult to treat Such bacteria are usually susceptible only to polymyxins and tigecycline NDM1 was first detected in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Swedish patient of Indian origin in 2008 It was later detected in bacteria in India Pakistan the United Kingdom the United States Canada and Japan The most common bacteria that make this enzyme are gramnegative such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae but the gene for NDM1 can spread from one strain of bacteria to another by horizontal gene transfer Contents 1 Enzyme function 2 Origin and spread 3 Phenotypic detection of NDM1 4 Criticism of enzyme name 5 The Lancet naming apology and aftermath 6 Deaths 7 See also 8 9 External links Enzyme function Structure of the carbapenem backbone Carbapenems are a class of betalactam antibiotics that are capable of killing most bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of one of their cell wall layers The carbapenems were developed to overcome antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial betalactamase enzymes However the bla NDM1 gene produces NDM1 which is a carbapenemase betalactamase an enzyme that hydrolyzes and inactivates these carbapenem antibiotics Carbapenemases are particularly dangerous resistance mechanisms since they can inactivate a wide range of different antibiotics The NDM1 enzyme is one of the class B metallobetalactamase other types of carbapenemase are class A or class D betalactamases The class A Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase KPC is currently the most common carbapenemase which was first detected in North Carolina United States in 1996 and has since spread worldwide A later publication indicated that Enterobacteriaceae that produce KPC were becoming common in the United States The resistance conferred by this gene bla NDM1 therefore aids the expansion of bacteria that carry it throughout a human host since they will face less oppositioncompetition from populations of antibioticsensitive bacteria which will be diminished by the original antibacterial treatment Two zinc ions present in the active binding site NDM1 functions through two zinc ions present in the active site that cause hydrolysis of the betalactams rendering them ineffective Origin and spread The NDM1 enzyme was named after New Delhi the capital city of India as it was first described by Yong et al in December 2009 in a Swedish national who fell ill with an antibioticresistant bacterial infection that he acquired in India The infection was identified as a carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain bearing the novel gene bla NDM1 The authors concluded that the new resistance mechanism clearly arose in India but there are few data arising from India to suggest how widespread it is Its exact geographical origin however has not been conclusively verified In March 2010 a study in a hospital in Mumbai found that most carbapenemresistant bacteria isolated from patients carried the bla NDM1 gene Later the journal authority apologized for using the name of New Delhi India to describe a pathogen NDM1 βlactamase was also found in an K pneumoniae isolate from Croatia and the patient arrived from Bosnia and Herzegovina The second geographical origin is considered to be eastern Balkans In May 2010 a case of infection with E coli expressing NDM1 was reported in Coventry in the United Kingdom The patient was a man of Indian origin who had visited India 18 months previously where he had undergone dialysis In initial assays the bacterium was fully resistant to all antibiotics tested while later tests found that it was susceptible to tigecycline and colistin The authors warned that international travel and patients use of multiple countries healthcare systems could lead to the rapid spread of NDM1 with potentially serious consequences As of June 2010 there were three reported cases of Enterobacteriaceae isolates bearing this newly described resistance mechanism in the US the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC stated that All three US isolates were from patients having received recent medical care in India However US experts stated that it is unclear as to whether this strain is any more dangerous than existing antibioticresistant bacteria such as methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus which are already common in the USA Structure of colistin one of the few antibiotics able to treat NDM1 positive bacterial infections In July 2010 a team in New Delhi reported a cluster of three cases of Acinetobacter baumannii bearing bla NDM1 that were found in the intensive care unit of a hospital in Chennai India in April 2010 As previously the bacteria were fully resistant to all the aminoglycoside βlactam and quinolone antibiotics but were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin This particularly broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance was heightened by the strains expressing several different resistance genes in addition to bla NDM1 A study by a multinational team was published in the August 2010 issue of the journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases This examined the emergence and spread of bacteria carrying the bla NDM1 gene This reported on 37 cases in the United Kingdom 44 isolates with NDM1in Chennai 26 in Haryana and 73 in various other sites in Pakistan and India The authors analysis of the strains showed that many carried bla NDM1 on plasmids which will allow the gene to be readily transferred between different strains of bacteria by horizontal gene transfer All the isolates were resistant to multiple different classes of antibiotics including betalactam antibiotics fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides but most were still susceptible to the polymyxin antibiotic colistin On 21 August 2010 Ontario Canada had its first confirmed case of the superbug in Brampton There were other confirmed cases in British Columbia and Alberta These confirmed NDM1 infected cases have no relationship with New Delhi India The patients or their relatives never travelled India in the last decade In August 2010 a chemical compound GSK 299423 was found to significantly fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria by making such bacteria unable to reproduce citing a likely treatment to the NDM1 strain On 6 September 2010 Japan detected its first ever case of the NDM1 enzyme In May 2009 a Japanese man in his 50s who had recently returned from vacation in India was struck with a fever and hospitalized later making a full recovery Hospital officials confirmed that tests carried out after the patients recovery were positive for the NDM1 enzyme An environmental point prevalence study conducted between 26 September and 10 October 2010 found bacteria with the NDM1 gene in drinking water and seepage samples in New Delhi 50 tap water samples and 171 seepage samples were collected from sites within 12 km of central New Delhi Of these samples 20 strains of bacteria were found to contain NDM1 gene in 51 out of 171 seepage samples and 2 out of 50 tap water samples On 8 May 2012 the presence of NDM was found in a patient who died at Royal Alexandra Hospital in Edmonton Alberta The patient was also found to be carrying an Acinetobacter strain The patient contracted the bacteria after another patient who had surgery on the Indian subcontinent traveled to Canada and was admitted to hospital with an infection Science Daily reported on the 16 December 2013 that a team of scientists from Rice Nankai and Tianjin universities found NDM1 in two wastewater treatment plants in northern China In fact the NDM1 was unable to be removed after several treatments and attempts to disinfect the plants Disinfection by chlorine one of the most effective methods currently also failed to eradicate the betalactamase In June 2014 it was reported that the molecule aspergillomarasmine A from the Aspergillus fungus turns off the resistance mechanism of NDM1 and thus makes bacteria once again sensitive to traditional antibiotics It has been shown to be effective in mice and rats but has not yet been tested in humans for safety or effectiveness In September 2016 a 70yearold woman in Reno Nevada died of septic shock following infection with NDMproducing Klebsiella pneumoniae She had been on an extended trip to India and was admitted to a hospital there for an infected right hip Phenotypic detection of NDM1 Detection of NDM1 gene depends upon the phenotypic determination of the enzyme activity These enzymes are zinc dependent and therefore termed as metallobetalactamase Indian studies have been done which demonstrate their dependency on zinc and the ability of zinc chelating agents like EDTA to decrease their activity The Modified Hodge Test and the ReModified Hodge Test were developed for detection on a routine basis in resource limited laboratories Other tests for phenotypic detection are Double disk synergy testing DDST Vitek detection Automated system Etest EStrip Criticism of enzyme name The Indian health ministry has disputed the conclusion of the August 2010 Lancet study that the gene originated in India describing this conclusion as unfair and stating that Indian hospitals are perfectly safe for treatment Indian politicians have described linking this new drug resistance gene to India as malicious propaganda and blamed multinational corporations for what they describe as selective malignancy A Bharatiya Janata Party politician has instead argued that the journal article is bogus and represented an attempt to scare medical tourists away from India The Indian Ministry of Health released a statement strongly refuting naming the enzyme New Delhi A coauthor of the 2010 Lancet study who is based in the University of Madras has stated that he does not agree with the part of the article that advises people to avoid elective surgeries in India In contrast an editorial in the March 2010 issue of the Journal of Association of Physicians of India blamed the emergence of this gene on the widespread misuse of antibiotics in the Indian healthcare system stating that Indian doctors have not yet taken the issue of antibiotic resistance seriously and noting little control over the prescription of antibiotics by doctors and even pharmacists The Times of India states that there is general agreement among experts that India needs both an improved policy to control the use of antibiotics and a central registry of antibioticresistant infections The Lancet naming apology and aftermath The British journal The Lancet refused to publish a rebuttal from the Indian National Centre for Disease Control claiming lack of space and that the journals editors felt it would be better placed elsewhere However on 12 January 2011 the editor of The Lancet Richard Horton apologized and acknowledged that naming a superbug after New Delhi was an error Following this Ajai R Singh editor of Mens Sana Monographs demanded that such geographic names giving be abandoned and replaced by scientific name giving He proposed changing NDM1 to PCM plasmidencoding carbapenemresistant metallobetalactamase Deaths The first reported death due to bacteria expressing the NDM1 enzyme was recorded in August 2010 when a Belgian man infected while undergoing treatment in a hospital in Pakistan died despite being administered colistin A doctor involved in his treatment said He was involved in a car accident during a trip to Pakistan He was hospitalised with a major leg injury and then repatriated to Belgium but he was already infected In another case an Indian citizen died in a hospital because of similar infection See also Antibiotic resistance List of antibiotic resistant bacteria Medical tourism Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus MCR1 Nosocomial infection Transduction genetics References a b Kumarasamy KK Toleman MA Walsh TR et al August 2010 Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India Pakistan and the UK a molecular biological and epidemiological study Lancet Infect Dis 10 9 597602 doi 101016S1473309910701432 PMC 2933358 PMID 20705517 Health Protection Report Health Protection Agency 3 July 2009 Stephen Smith 13 September 2010 New drugresistant superbug arrives in Mass The Boston Globe Retrieved 18 September 2010 Superbug detected in GTA Toronto Star 22 August 2010 Shino Yuasa 8 September 2010 Japan confirms first case of superbug gene The Boston Globe Associated Press Retrieved 14 February 2016 Hudson Corey Bent Zachary Meagher Robert Williams Kelly June 7 2014 Resistance Determinants and Mobile Genetic Elements of an NDM1Encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain PLOS ONE 9 e99209 doi 101371journalpone0099209 PMC 4048246 PMID 24905728 Queenan AM Bush K July 2007 Carbapenemases the versatile betalactamases Clinical Microbiology Reviews 20 3 440458 doi 101128CMR0000107 PMC 1932750 PMID 17630334 Miriagou V Cornaglia G Edelstein M et al February 2010 Acquired carbapenemases in Gramnegative bacterial pathogens detection and surveillance issues Clin Microbiol Infect 16 2 112122 doi 101111j14690691200903116x PMID 20085605 Nordmann P Cuzon G Naas T April 2009 The real threat of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemaseproducing bacteria Lancet Infect Dis 9 4 228236 doi 101016S1473309909700544 PMID 19324295 Cuzon G Naas T Nordmann P February 2010 KPC carbapenemases what is at stake in clinical microbiology KPC carbapenemases what is at stake in clinical microbiology Pathol Biol Paris in French 58 1 3945 doi 101016jpatbio200907026 PMID 19854586 a b Yong D Toleman MA Giske CG Cho HS Sundman K Lee K Walsh TR December 2009 Characterization of a new metallobetalactamase gene blaNDM1 and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53 12 50465054 doi 101128AAC0077409 PMC 2786356 PMID 19770275 Deshpande Payal Rodrigues Camilla Shetty Anjali Kapadia Farhad Hedge Ashit Soman Rajeev 2010 New Delhi Metalloβ lactamase NDM1 in Enterobacteriaceae Treatment options with Carbapenems Compromised J Assoc Physicians India 58 147150 PMID 20848811 Kalenić Smilja 2013 Medicinska mikrobiologija Medical Microbiology in Croatian Zagreb Medicinska naklada 9789531766371 Muir A Weinbren MJ July 2010 New Delhi metallobetalactamase a cautionary tale J Hosp Infect 75 3 239240 doi 101016jjhin201002005 PMID 20435372 Detection of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Carrying MetalloBetaLactamase United States 2010 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 59 24 750 25 June 2010 PMID 20577157 McNeil Jr Donald G 11 August 2010 AntibioticResistant Bacteria Moving From South Asia to US The New York Times Retrieved 13 August 2010 Karthikeyan K Thirunarayan MA Krishnan P July 2010 Coexistence of blaOXA23 with blaNDM1 and armA in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from India J Antimicrob Chemother 65 10 22532254 doi 101093jacdkq273 PMID 20650909 First NDM1 superbug case confirmed in Ontario CTV News Archived from on 20100824 299423 GSK cites progress with a newgen antibiotic FierceBiotech Bax BD et al 4 August 2010 Type IIA topoisomerase inhibition by a new class of antibacterial agents Nature 466 7309 935940 doi 101038nature09197 PMID 20686482 primary source Alazraki Melly 6 August 2010 GlaxoSmithKline Finds Compound That Could Help Fight Superbugs dailyfinancecom Retrieved 13 August 2010 NDM1 Origin Symptoms and Cure for NDM1 13 August 2010 News Walsh Timothy R Janis Weeks David M Livermore Mark A Toleman 7 April 2011 Dissemination of NDM1 positive bacteria in the New Delhi environment and its implications for human health an environmental point prevalence study The Lancet Infectious Diseases 11 5 355362 doi 101016S1473309911700597 PMID 21478057 Retrieved 7 April 2011 Antibioticresistant bacteria suspected in Royal Alex death CBC News May 18 2012 Retrieved 22 January 2017 a b Yi Luo Fenxia Yang Jacques Mathieu Daqing Mao Qing Wang and PJJ Alvarez December 4 2013 Proliferation of MultidrugResistant New Delhi Metalloβlactamase Genes in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Northern China Environmental Science Technology Letters doi 101021ez400152e Superbugs found breeding in sewage plants Science Daily December 16 2013 Retrieved 22 January 2017 Antibioticresistant bacteria disarmed with fungus compound CBC News June 25 2014 Chen Lei Todd Randall Kiehlbauch Julia Walters Maroya Kallen Alexander 1 January 2017 Notes from the Field PanResistant New Delhi MetalloBetaLactamaseProducing Klebsiella pneumoniae Washoe County Nevada 2016 MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report doi 1015585mmwrmm6601a7 a b Rai S Manchanda V Singh NP Kaur IR JulSep 2011 Zincdependent carbapenemases in clinical isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 29 3 2759 doi 1041030255085783912 PMID 21860109 a b Pandey Geeta 12 August 2010 India rejects UK scientists superbug claim BBC News Retrieved 13 August 2010 Telegraphcouk Indian Government angry over claims its hospitals are fuelling global superbug Linking India to superbug unfair and wrong says India Hindustan Times 12 August 2010 Archived from on 14 August 2010 Retrieved 13 August 2010 Superbug an MNC conspiracy BJP leader Sharma Sanchita 13 August 2010 Dont blame superbug on India its everywhere Hindustan Times Archived from on 14 August 2010 Retrieved 13 August 2010 a b Narayan Pushpa 13 August 2010 Indian author says superbug report is fudged The Times of India Retrieved 13 August 2010 Abdul Ghafur K March 2010 An obituary On the Death of antibiotics Journal of Association of Physicians of India 58 Lancet wont publish Indias rebuttal NEW DELHI Special Correspondent April 13 2011 thehinducom Lancet says sorry for Delhi bug The Times Of India 12 January 2011 Retrieved 20110112 Science names giving and names calling Change NDM1 to PCM Mens Sana Monographs Retrieved 20110311 Belgian man dies of South Asian superbug External links BBC News Health QuestionsAnswers about NDM1 superbugs National Resistance Alert 3 addendum in UK PDF ESBL Threat already known to exist2004 ESBL Possible treatment approach2006 Moellering Robert C December 2010 NDM1 A Cause for Worldwide Concern N Engl J Med 363 23779 doi 101056NEJMp1011715 PMID 21158655 PBS Frontline Oct 22 2013 Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria v t e Prokaryotes Bacteria classification phyla and orders v t e Microbiology Bacteria v t e Hydrolases carbonnitrogen nonpeptide EC 35 v t e Enzymes Molecular and Cellular Biology portal Categories Bacterial enzymes Bacteriology Betalactam antibiotics EC 352 Antibiotic resistance

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New Great Migration From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia See also Great Migration African American and Second Great Migration Graph showing the percentage of the African American population living in the American South 17902010 The New Great Migration is the demographic change from 1965 to the present which is a reversal of the previous 35year trend of black migration within the United States Since 1965 deindustrialization of cities in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States growth of jobs in the New South with lower costs of living family and kinship ties and improving racial relations have all acted to attract African Americans to the Southern United States in substantial numbers As early as 1975 to 1980 several southern states were net AfricanAmerican migration gainers while in 2014 AfricanAmerican millennials moved in the highest numbers to Texas Georgia Florida and North Carolina AfricanAmerican populations have continued to drop throughout much of the Northeast especially from the state of New York and northern New Jersey as they rise in the South College graduates and middleclass migrants make up a major portion of the new migration For instance from 19652000 the states of Florida Georgia and Texas attracted the most black college graduates The only state outside the former Confederacy that attracted a sizeable migration of black college graduates was Maryland most of the population growth being in the counties surrounding Washington DC In that same period California was a net loser of black migration for the first time in three decades While the migration is still in progress much data is from this 35year period The New Great Migration is not evenly distributed throughout the South As with the earlier Great Migration the New Great Migration is primarily directed toward cities and large urban areas such as Atlanta Charlotte Houston Dallas Raleigh Tampa San Antonio Memphis Nashville Jacksonville and so forth Primary destinations are those states that have the most job opportunities especially Georgia North Carolina Maryland Virginia Tennessee Florida and Texas Other southern states including Mississippi Louisiana South Carolina Alabama and Arkansas have seen little net growth in the African American population from return migration See also African American portal Black Belt References a b Reniqua Allen July 8 2017 Racism Is Everywhere So Why Not Move South The New York Times Retrieved July 9 2017 Dan Bilefsky June 21 2011 For New Life Blacks in City Head to South The New York Times Retrieved July 9 2017 Dave Sheingold via The Record February 27 2011 North Jersey black families leaving for lure of new South Charleston GazetteMail Retrieved July 9 2017 William H Frey May 2004 The New Great Migration Black Americans Return to the South 1965to the present Brookings Institution brookingsedu Retrieved July 10 2017 v t e African American topics v t e History of the United States Categories AfricanAmerican history History of the Southern United States AfricanAmerican demographics Midwestern United States Northeastern United States Western United States Internal migrations in the United States PostCivil Rights Era AfricanAmerican history

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

new great migration
demographic
black migration


Nicolaus von Below From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Nicolaus von Below von Below as Luftwaffe adjutant to Adolf Hitler Born 20 September 1907 Anklam Kingdom of Prussia Died 24 July 1983 aged 75 Detmold Germany Allegiance Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Service branch Reichsheer Luftwaffe Years of service 19281945 Rank Oberst Battleswars Second World War Awards PilotObserver Badge in Gold with Diamonds Wound Badge Nicolaus von Below 20 September 1907 24 July 1983 was an officer in the German Luftwaffe and an adjutant to Adolf Hitler Contents 1 Early life 2 Service 21 Berlin 1945 3 Postwar 4 Notes 5 6 External links Early life Below was born on the estate of Jargelin near Anklam in the Province of Pomerania He was a member of the German aristocracy Service He trained as a pilot in 1929 at the Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule DVSGerman Air Transport School From 1929 to 1933 he served with the Reichsheer 12th Infantry Regiment Below then joined the German Air Force and served with Jagdgeschwader 132 Richthofen and then transferred to Jagdgeschwader 26 Below became German dictator Adolf Hitler s Air Force Luftwaffe military adjutant in 1937 Belows task was to be the link between Hitler and the air force leadership Hitler generally disliked and was suspicious of soldiers with aristocratic backgrounds This was particularly true as the tide of World War II turned against Germany But Below with the rank of colonel was one of the few members of Hitlers entourage to continually serve in a close capacity for so many years During the time between the Christmas and New Years holiday of 1944 Hitler told Below I know the war is lost the enemys superiority is far too great But Hitler still dwelling on the 20 July Plot to kill him placed the blame on traitors He then told Below We will never surrender we may go down but we will take a world with us Berlin 1945 Hitler presiding over a rapidly disintegrating Third Reich retreated to his Führerbunker in Berlin on 16 January 1945 As his long serving Luftwaffe adjutant Below traveled with Hitler back to Berlin Early on Hitler continued to utilize the undamaged wing of the Reich Chancellery where he held afternoon military conferences in his large study However that practice ended and all the military briefing conferences were moved down into the Führerbunker By April to the Nazi leadership it was clear that the battle for Berlin would be the final battle of the war On 12 April 1945 Below was a guest of Albert Speer to see the last performance of the Berlin Philharmonic before the city was captured by the Red Army He later wrote The concert took us back to another world On 15 April Eva Braun was moved into the room next to the room Hitler occupied in the Führerbunker Below wrote the following of her She was charming and obliging and showed no weakness right up to the last moment Nicolaus von Below second from right front row with Hitler and staff in 1940 Nicolaus von Below left with Hitler Hermann Göring and Hanna Reitsch in 1941 By 27 April Below was part of a very small group which were present for the military briefings General Krebs was the only senior military officer still present and Reich propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels who had moved into the bunker complex with his family now also was present On 29 April after the wedding of Hitler and Braun Below was a witness to the last will and testament of Adolf Hitler He did not sign the Political Testament but added his signature to the Private Testament of the document Thereafter Below asked Hitler if he could leave the Führerbunker and attempt to make it out of Berlin to the west Hitler granted him permission to leave On 30 April Below left Berlin carrying a letter from Hitler to Field marshal Wilhelm Keitel explaining the recent events of betrayal and extolling the sacrifices of the German people Postwar He was arrested by the British in 1946 and held until 1948 After the war Below wrote a memoir of his experiences as an adjutant to Hitler from 1937 to 1945 At Hitlers Side 2001 ISBN 1853674680 He died on 24 July 1983 in Detmold West Germany Notes Biography Polish Oriesewebparkpl Retrieved 20130207 a b c d Joachimsthaler 1999 p 293 Kershaw 2008 p 375 Beevor 2002 p 8 Kershaw 2008 p 902 Beevor 2002 p 139 Beevor 2002 pp 188189 Beevor 2002 p 254 Kershaw 2008 p 938 Kershaw 2008 p 950 Kershaw 2008 p 952 Kershaw 2008 pp 952 953 References Beevor Antony 2002 Berlin The Downfall 1945 VikingPenguin Books 9780670030415 Joachimsthaler Anton 1999 1995 The Last Days of Hitler The Legends Evidence and Truth Brockhampton Press 9781860199028 Kershaw Ian 2008 Hitler A Biography New York W W Norton Company 9780393067576 External links Nicolaus von Below in the German National Library catalogue v t e Final occupants of the Führerbunker by date of departure 1945 20 April Hermann Göring Heinrich Himmler 21 April Robert Ley KarlJesko von Puttkamer 22 April Hugo Blaschke Karl Gebhardt Christa Schroeder Johanna Wolf Eckhard Christian 23 April Albert Bormann Theodor Morell Joachim von Ribbentrop Albert Speer Julius Schaub 24 April Walter Frentz 28 April Robert Ritter von Greim Hanna Reitsch 29 April Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven Gerhard Boldt Rudolf Weiss Wilhelm Zander Heinz Lorenz Willy Johannmeyer Walter Wagner 30 April Nicolaus von Below 1 May Wilhelm Mohnke Traudl Junge Gerda Christian Constanze Manziarly Else Krüger Otto Günsche Walther Hewel ErnstGünther Schenck HansErich Voss Johann Rattenhuber Peter Högl Werner Naumann Martin Bormann Hans Baur Ludwig Stumpfegger Artur Axmann Georg Betz Heinz Linge Erich Kempka Heinrich Doose Günther Schwägermann Ewald Lindloff Hans Reisser Armin D Lehmann Josef Ochs Heinz Krüger Werner Schwiedel Gerhard Schach Hans Fritzsche Käthe Heusermann 2 May Helmuth Weidling Hans Refior Theodor von Dufving Siegfried Knappe Rochus Misch Still present on 2 May Werner Haase Erna Flegel Helmut Kunz Fritz Tornow Liselotte Chervinska Johanna Ruf Johannes Hentschel Committed suicide ErnstRobert Grawitz Adolf Hitler Eva Hitler Eva Braun Joseph Goebbels Magda Goebbels AlwinBroder Albrecht Wilhelm Burgdorf Hans Krebs Franz Schädle Executed Hermann Fegelein Killed Blondi Hitlers dog Goebbels children Unknown Heinrich Müller v t e People killed or wounded in the 20 July plot Authority control GND 118508776 ISNI 0000 0001 1886 2133 LCCN n81031633 SUDOC 075561670 VIAF 40169589 WorldCat Identities via VIAF 40169589 Portals Access related topics Biography portal Military of Germany portal World War II portal Categories 1907 births 1983 deaths People from VorpommernGreifswald Luftwaffe personnel of World War II Below family People from the Province of Pomerania Adjutants of Adolf Hitler

B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

nicolaus von below
german luftwaffe
adolf hitler


Nike HyperAdapt 10 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Redirected from Nike Hyperadapt 10 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Nike Hyperadapt 10 Industry Footwear Founded 2017 Brands Nike Website nikecom The Nike HyperAdapt 10 is the first selflacing shoe made directly available for retail The design of the footwear was executed by Tinker Hatfield accompanied by Mark Parker who was heavily involved in the development Utilizing an electro adaptive lacing system abbreviated as EARL the sneaker technically autonomously conforms to the figuration of ones foot On December 1st 2016 they were officially released in limited quantity for 720 The Hyperadapt has been released several times since the initial release date in extremely small quantity References How Nike Built the Hyperadapt Wired Wired Magazine Retrieved 8 August 2017 Nike Hyperadapt 10 Sneakscore Sneakscore Retrieved 8 August 2017 HOW TO GET THE NIKE HYPERADAPT 10 September 21 2017 Categories Footwear

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Nockatunga Station From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Nockatunga Station Location in Queensland Overhead Channel Country near Cooper Creek Noccundra hotel located on Nockatunga Nockatunga Station most commonly known as Nockatunga is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in South West Queensland Australia Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Noccundra 4 See also 5 Description Nockatunga is located about 195 kilometres 121 mi east of Innamincka and 197 kilometres 122 mi south west of Quilpie in Queensland Situated amongst the channel country of outback Queensland the property includes frontage to the Wilson River Occupying an area of approximately 8500 square kilometres 3282 sq mi almost the size as Puerto Rico with an area of 8959 square kilometres 3459 sq mi the property is able to carry 27000 head of cattle on a good season The station is currently held by the Consolidated Pastoral Company who had acquired it from the Hughes family in 1990 after they had owned it for 120 years The country is described as open bendee opening onto well grassed downs studded with water worn stones and lightly timbered with stunted gidyah The open plains contain cotton bush and saltbush History The traditional owners of the area are the Kullili peoples of the Garlali language group who have inhabited the area for thousands of years The name of the property is thought to be derived from the Aboriginal words from the Theirila language Nock meaning water and tunga meaning smell The station was established in 1866 when Alexander Munro took up the lease but it soon changed hands and was owned in 1869 by Patrick Drinan The property was later put up for auction in 1872 and was advertised widely as a property of the richest fattening quality having 80 miles 129 km frontage along the Wilson River and occupying an area of 350 square miles 906 km 2 A herd of 6500 cattle including 20 well bred bulls was included on the property that also claimed to have permanent waterholes of sufficient depth to float the largest manowar even during the severest drought Herbert Bristow Hughes acquired the station at auction in August 1872 for the sum of 19655 Explorers Hume OHea and Thompson left Nockatunga to journey further down Coopers Creek and into the interior to search for the remains of the Leichardt expedition in December 1874 and quickly ran out of water in the intense heat Thompson left the other two to find water and help but when he returned both had died of dehydration The property was advertised for auction again in 1875 Nockatunga was now 4807 square kilometres 1856 sq mi or 1188000 acres in size and carrying a herd of about 13000 cattle and 100 horses The property had many improvements since being acquired including a stone cottage stone kitchen mens hut grass and mud store yards sheds and blacksmith shop with 7 miles 11 km of four wire fencing being installed The auction was delayed then was unsuccessful as Hughes still owned the property in 1876 and beyond Flooding occurred at the station in 1882 following heavy rains for 6 days with 6 inches 152 mm falling at nearby properties The Wilson river rose leaving Nockatunga surrounded by water and parts being swept away Many outbuildings constructed of mudbrick were washed away The main buildings had the mortar dislodged from between the stones with flooding reaching a depth of 4 feet 1 m making the buildings unstable At the peak of the floods a horse wagon was caulked up and used as a raft to take supplies to higher ground Herbert Hughes died in 1892 in Adelaide where he had long resided The property was managed by a board of trustees until at least 1904 after that time the property was being run by John Maddock Hughes In 1901 drought struck much of south west Queensland with thousands of cattle dying of thirst at many properties Nockatunga lost an estimated 27897 cattle from a herd of approximately 30000 Virtually no grasses remained on the ground as feed for stock This was followed by a rabbit plague in 1905 when the pest had moved northwards and bred to plague proportions in the channel country reducing available feed for cattle By 1910 Nockatunga was the second largest station in Queensland having an area of 2900 square miles 7511 km 2 The largest at this time was Sandringham Station in the north Gregory district having an area of 3033 square miles 7855 km 2 Following a period of drought the area experienced heavy rains in 1926 when 66 inches 168 mm of rain fell over a few days The Wilson River was the highest it had been in over 20 years and Cooper Creek was running at over 14 miles 23 km wide The dingo population had increased and the property used 400 aborigines to cull the population At Nockatunga over 713 dingos and their pups were slaughtered in the first six months of 1933 The manager of the property in 1935 was Lucas Hughes one of the Hughes family and on the board of trustees of H B Hughes According to him decent rains had not been had at Nockatunga since 1926 Hughes organised the construction of an airfield at Nockatunga in 1941 using 50 aborigines close to the homestead on a gibber plain The working party took two days to clear the loose rocks and any brush along the 600 metres 1969 ft landing strip The rocks were then placed around the aerodrome and the station was accessible to the Royal Flying Doctor Service The station found itself isolated in 1947 following record flooding Both the station and the township of Noccundra were completely cut off and had no mail from late December 1946 to late February 1947 An unfortunate stockman George Dirkensen fell into an open fire in January 1949 burning his hands face and arms He was over the river from the homestead but was unable to cross it and his cries were not noticed until the following morning He was taken to Broken Hill later that day by the Royal Flying Doctor Service The station had record rainfalls in 1949 when in the month of March a total of 21 inches 533 mm fell compared to an annual average of 5 inches 127 mm The record of the most cattle sent to Homebush market by one owner HB Hughes Estate was set in 1951 when 654 cattle from Nockatunga arrived The herd had been overlanded to Bourke and then trucked to Flemington Noccundra The townsite of Noccundra was established in 1882 and is located within the station boundaries the only part that remains being the Noccundra Hotel The licence for the hotel was first granted in 1886 and the hotel was built using locally quarried sandstone which was brought to the site by camel train Besides being used for entertainment and accommodation the building serves as a medical and dental clinic for the Royal Flying Doctor Service as required The building was heritage listed in 1977 See also Queensland portal List of ranches and stations List of the largest stations in Australia References a b c Nockatunga Consolidated Pastoral Company 24 January 2013 Archived from the original on 20 November 2012 Retrieved 24 January 2013 Puerto Rico facts and figures 2013 Retrieved 29 January 2013 Telegraphic The Brisbane Courier National Library of Australia 24 October 1878 p 2 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Nockatunga Queensland 2010 Retrieved 7 June 2013 K T Cameron Pastoral Settlement of the far southwest of Queensland University of Queensland Retrieved 4 May 2013 Family Notices The Sydney Morning Herald National Library of Australia 11 August 1869 p 8 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Advertising The Sydney Morning Herald National Library of Australia 9 May 1872 p 11 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Advertising The Argus Melbourne National Library of Australia 15 May 1872 p 2 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Advertising South Australian Register Adelaide National Library of Australia 10 June 1872 p 8 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Nockatunga Quennsland 24 January 2013 Retrieved 24 January 2013 Mercantile and Money article The Sydney Morning Herald National Library of Australia 8 August 1872 p 5 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Loss of Humes exploring expedition The Argus Melbourne National Library of Australia 7 December 1874 p 6 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Queensland Australian Town and Country Journal New South Wales National Library of Australia 5 December 1874 p 6 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Advertising The Sydney Morning Herald National Library of Australia 2 September 1875 p 9 Retrieved 26 January 2013 Logan and Albert The Queenslander Brisbane National Library of Australia 25 February 1882 p 249 Retrieved 27 January 2013 The Big Flood of 1882 SouthWestern Queensland The Maitland Mercury Hunter River General Advertiser New South Wales National Library of Australia 11 July 1882 p 6 Retrieved 27 January 2013 Obituary South Australian Register Adelaide National Library of Australia 24 May 1892 p 3 Retrieved 27 January 2013 Rural Interests The Brisbane Courier Queensland National Library of Australia 19 August 1905 p 15 Retrieved 27 January 2013 Losses by the Drought Warwick Argus Queensland National Library of Australia 23 March 1901 p 5 Retrieved 27 January 2013 Appalling Mortality in Cattle Clarence and Richmond Examiner Grafton New South Wales National Library of Australia 12 March 1901 p 5 Retrieved 27 January 2013 General news The Queenslander Brisbane National Library of Australia 26 August 1905 p 22 Retrieved 27 January 2013 Queenslands big station The Register Adelaide National Library of Australia 25 February 1910 p 6 Retrieved 28 January 2013 The cattle country The Register Adelaide National Library of Australia 18 February 1926 p 9 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Heavy Rain The Brisbane Courier Queensland National Library of Australia 5 April 1926 p 7 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Slaughter among dingoes The CourierMail Brisbane Queensland National Library of Australia 30 September 1933 p 7 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Out among the People The Advertiser Adelaide National Library of Australia 13 February 1935 p 19 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Building airfields in the outback The Argus Melbourne National Library of Australia 29 March 1941 p 3 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Rain Causes Isolation Of Outbackers The Barrier Miner Broken Hill New South Wales National Library of Australia 25 February 1947 p 4 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Burned Mans 12Hour Ordeal The Advertiser Adelaide National Library of Australia 11 January 1949 p 1 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Out Among The People The Advertiser Adelaide National Library of Australia 15 August 1949 p 4 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Out among the People The Chronicle Adelaide National Library of Australia 9 August 1951 p 43 Retrieved 28 January 2013 Noccundra Hotel 2012 Retrieved 25 January 2013 Coordinates 2772183S 14271159E Categories Stations Australian agriculture Pastoral leases in Queensland South West Queensland 1866 establishments in Australia

B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B


Nova Scotia Community College From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Coordinates 446692N 636134E A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedias content policies particularly neutral point of view Please discuss further on the talk page July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Nova Scotia Community College Type Public Community College Established 1996 Affiliation nondenominational President Don Bureaux Academic staff 1400 Students 11000 fulltime 11000 parttime Location 13 campuses and three community learning centres throughout Nova Scotia Canada 446692 N 636134 W Campus Halifax Dartmouth Amherst Springhill Kentville Bridgewater Sydney Stellarton Shelburne Port Hawkesbury Truro Middleton Lawrencetown Yarmouth Digby Wagmatcook Colours Blue Affiliations CBIE CCAA ACCC AUCC Website www nscc ca Nova Scotia Community College commonly referred to as NSCC is a community college serving the province of Nova Scotia through a network of 13 campuses and three community learning centres The college delivers over 120 programs in five academic schools Access Business IT Creative Industries Health Human Services and Trades Technology They reflect the labour market needs and opportunities in Nova Scotia NSCC includes four specialized institutes the Nautical Institute the School of Fisheries the Aviation Institute and the Centre of Geographical Sciences Educating over 24000 students a year fulltime and parttime combined NSCC provides the majority of technical and apprenticeship training in Nova Scotia The president of NSCC is Don Bureaux Contents 1 History 2 Campuses and locations 3 Specialized institutes 31 Nautical Institute 32 School of Fisheries 33 Aviation Institute 34 Centre of Geographic Sciences 4 CCKC 889 The Platypus 5 6 External links History In 1872 the Halifax Marine School was established While it would later become the NSCC Nautical Institute at the time it represented the first vocational and technical education institution in the Province of Nova Scotia It was the first in a number of specialized training institutions around the province that offered education in areas such as agriculture surveying engineering and navigation In 1987 the then Department of Vocational Technical Training published a White Paper recommending the creation of a community college system for Nova Scotia The establishment of this system it argued would bring technology vocational and upgrading institutions together under one umbrella and allow for the development and coordination of college programs and services at a provincewide level This would work to meet both panprovincial and local economic and applied education needs In 1988 Nova Scotia became the last province in Canada to create a community college system bringing 16 institutions together in one college system In name it became the predecessor to NSCC however it would be several years until NSCC was established in its current form In 1992 two more campuses joined the college system from their respective school boards and in 1995 the closing Nova Scotia Teachers College became an NSCC site NSCC became autonomous from the Province of Nova Scotia in 1996 by incorporating itself as an independent institution with a Board of Governors An Act Respecting Collège de lAcadie and Nova Scotia Community College Since then the NSCC network of campuses has evolved into a provincewide communitybased community college with polytechnical applied arts and health science educational programs Campuses and locations Dartmouth NS Middleton NS Lawrencetown NS Yarmouth NS Digby Learning Centre Digby NS Springhill NS Amherst NS Halifax NS Kentville NS Bridgewater NS Sydney NS Stellarton NS Shelburne NS Port Hawkesbury NS Wagmatcook NS Truro NS Specialized institutes NSCC Nautical Institute Wave Pool Nautical Institute NSCCs Nautical Institute offers Transport Canada approved marine training for students who want to start or advance their career at sea Students learn in specially designed marine facilities including a wave tank freefall lifeboat and fire training centre and with stateoftheart simulation equipment for navigation and engine room training The Nautical Institute is part of the Colleges Strait Area Campus The predecessor of the Nautical Institute is the Halifax Marine School School of Fisheries NSCC Aviation Institute Aviation Institute The Aviation Institute is located on Pleasant Street at the Dartmouth Gate building former Moirs Plant Centre of Geographic Sciences The Centre of Geographic Sciences also known as COGS in Lawrencetown is Canadas largest geomaticsfocused learning environment CCKC 889 The Platypus The Ivany Campus in Dartmouth is home to an online radio station that brands themselves The Platypus The station is managed by students of the Radio Television Journalism program References Dennison J D Gallagher P 2011 Canadas community colleges A critical analysis UBC Press Pages 6263 Archives Nova Scotia 20070319 Nova Scotia Archives Search Library Catalogue novascotiaca Retrieved 20170721 a b Nova Scotia Community College 5 Year Organizational Review Lowry Froese 2001 Transitions Becoming a College Teacher Nova Scotia Nautical Institute Historica Canada External links Nova Scotia Community College v t e Postsecondary institutions in Atlantic Canada Publicly chartered universities Acadia AST Cape Breton Dalhousie Kings Memorial Moncton Mount Allison Mount Saint Vincent New Brunswick NSCAD Prince Edward Island SainteAnne Saint Francis Xavier Saint Marys St Thomas Publicly chartered colleges Collège de lÎle Canadian Coast Guard CCNB Holland Marine Institute MCFT NBCC North Atlantic NSCC Private universities Crandall Fredericton Kingswood Maritime Christian St Stephens Yorkville Private colleges Gaelic Kingston Bible McKenzie Moncton Flight NSCECE Oulton v t e Cape Breton Regional Municipality Government Regional Council Mayor List of Mayors 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Peninsula Downtown Halifax North End West End South End Mainland Halifax Armdale Clayton Park Fairview Rockingham Spryfield Other Major Communities Cole Harbour Eastern Passage Enfield Lake Echo Lawrencetown Middle Musquodoboit Musquodoboit Harbour North Preston Peggys Cove Prospect Sheet Harbour Timberlea Upper Musquodoboit Upper Tantallon CategoryHalifax Nova Scotia PortalHalifax Nova Scotia PortalNova Scotia WikiProjectNova Scotia v t e Kings County Nova Scotia Government Services County Municipality of Kings County Towns Town of Berwick Town of Kentville Town of Wolfville First Nations Cambridge Glooscap Shared Services Valley Waste Resource Management Annapolis Valley Regional Library Kings Transit Transportation Kings Transit Maritime Bus WatervilleKings County Municipal Airport HillatonKings Aerodrome Kings PointtoPoint Transit Windsor and Hantsport Railway Trans County Transportation Society Education Primary secondary Annapolis Valley Regional Centre for Education Conseil 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B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

nova scotia community college
halifax marine school
province of nova scotia


Nyarugenge District From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Nyarugenge District District Shown within Kigali Province and Rwanda Country Rwanda Province Kigali Capital Nyarugenge Area Total 134 km 2 52 sq mi Population 2012 census Total 284561 Density 2100km 2 5500sq mi Nyarugenge is a akarere in Kigali Province Rwanda Its heart is the city centre of Kigali which is towards the west of the urban area and the province and contains most of the citys businesses Contents 1 Sectors 2 Education 3 4 External links Sectors Nyarugenge district is divided into 10 sectors imirenge Gitega Kanyinya Kigali Kimisagara Mageragere Muhima Nyakabanda Nyamirambo Nyarugenge and Rwezamenyo Education Lycée de Kigali LDK is in Kiyovu Cell Nyarugenge Sector Nyarugenge District References Introduction Archive Lycée de Kigali Retrieved on 3 March 2013 External links Rwanda portal Districts of Rwanda Statoids Inzegodoc Province District and Sector information from MINALOC the Rwanda ministry of local government v t e Kigali Airport Districts Gasabo Kicukiro Nyarugenge Education Schools Hope Academy École Belge École Antoine de SaintExupéry International School International Community School École Internationale de Kigali Lycée de Kigali Universities University of Rwanda Kigali Independent University University of Kigali Landmarks Amahoro Stadium French Embassy fr Hôtel des Mille Collines Institut Français fr Kandt House Museum of Natural History Kigali City Tower Convention Centre Genocide Memorial Centre SainteFamille Church Urugwiro History Timeline Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira Rwandan Genocide v t e Districts of Rwanda by province Eastern Bugesera Gatsibo Kayonza Kirehe Ngoma Nyagatare Rwamagana Kigali Gasabo Kicukiro Nyarugenge Northern Burera Gakenke Gicumbi Musanze Rulindo Southern Gisagara Huye Kamonyi Muhanga Nyamagabe Nyanza Nyaruguru Ruhango Western Karongi Ngororero Nyabihu Nyamasheke Rubavu Rusizi Rutsiro Coordinates 159S 3001E Categories Kigali Province Districts of Rwanda

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