Challenge

coin

From

Wikipedia

the

free

encyclopedia

Original

USAF

Airman

s

coin

The

front

of

a

US

Marine

Corps

birthday

ball

medallion

Navy

Supply

Corps

challenge

coin

front

Navy

Supply

Corps

challenge

coin

reverse

A

challenge

coin

may

be

a

small

coin

or

medallion

bearing

an

organizations

insignia

or

emblem

and

carried

by

the

organizations

members

Traditionally

they

might

be

given

to

prove

membership

when

challenged

and

to

enhance

morale

In

addition

they

are

also

collected

by

service

members

In

practice

challenge

coins

are

normally

presented

by

unit

commanders

in

recognition

of

special

achievement

by

a

member

of

the

unit

They

are

also

exchanged

in

recognition

of

visits

to

an

organization

Contents

Origins

US

presidents

Challenging

Appearance

Cost

Uses

Outside

of

the

military

National

Association

of

Buffalo

Soldiers

and

Troopers

Motorcycle

Club

Harley

Owners

Group

Science

Media

Canada

Switzerland

Australia

New

Zealand

Britain

See

also

External

links

Origins

There

are

several

stories

detailing

the

origins

of

the

challenge

coin

The

Roman

Empire

rewarded

soldiers

by

presenting

them

with

coins

to

recognize

their

achievements

Challenge

coins

were

also

known

as

Portrait

Medals

during

the

Renaissance

and

were

often

used

to

commemorate

specific

events

involving

royalty

nobility

or

other

types

of

welltodo

individuals

The

medals

would

be

given

as

gifts

or

awards

and

people

also

exchanged

them

with

friends

and

associates

The

most

common

format

was

for

one

side

to

depict

the

patron

while

the

other

showed

something

that

represented

that

individuals

family

house

lineage

andor

seal

According

to

the

most

common

story

challenge

coins

originated

during

World

War

I

Before

the

entry

of

the

United

States

into

the

war

in

American

volunteers

from

all

parts

of

the

country

filled

the

newly

formed

flying

squadrons

Some

were

wealthy

scions

attending

colleges

such

as

Yale

and

Harvard

who

quit

in

midterm

to

join

the

war

In

one

squadron

a

wealthy

lieutenant

ordered

medallions

struck

in

solid

bronze

and

presented

them

to

his

unit

One

young

pilot

placed

the

medallion

in

a

small

leather

pouch

that

he

wore

about

his

neck

Shortly

after

acquiring

the

medallion

the

pilots

aircraft

was

severely

damaged

by

ground

fire

He

was

forced

to

land

behind

enemy

lines

and

was

immediately

captured

by

a

German

patrol

In

order

to

discourage

his

escape

the

Germans

took

all

of

his

personal

identification

except

for

the

small

leather

pouch

around

his

neck

In

the

meantime

he

was

taken

to

a

small

French

town

near

the

front

Taking

advantage

of

a

bombardment

that

night

he

escaped

However

he

was

without

personal

identification

He

succeeded

in

avoiding

German

patrols

by

donning

civilian

attire

and

reached

the

front

lines

With

great

difficulty

he

crossed

nomans

land

Eventually

he

stumbled

onto

a

French

outpost

Saboteurs

had

plagued

the

French

in

the

sector

They

sometimes

masqueraded

as

civilians

and

wore

civilian

clothes

Not

recognizing

Back

at

his

squadron

it

became

tradition

to

ensure

that

all

members

carried

their

medallion

or

coin

at

all

times

This

was

accomplished

through

challenge

in

the

following

manner

a

challenger

would

ask

to

see

the

medallion

if

the

challenged

could

not

produce

a

medallion

they

were

required

to

buy

a

drink

of

choice

for

the

member

who

challenged

them

If

the

challenged

member

produced

a

medallion

then

the

challenging

member

was

required

to

pay

for

the

drink

This

tradition

continued

throughout

the

war

and

for

many

years

after

the

war

while

surviving

members

of

the

squadron

were

still

alive

According

to

another

story

challenge

coins

date

back

to

The

Hitler

Era

and

were

first

used

by

Office

of

Strategic

Service

personnel

who

were

deployed

in

Nazi

held

France

Similarly

Jim

Harrington

proposed

a

Jolly

sixpence

club

amongst

the

junior

officers

of

the

Infantry

The

coins

were

simply

a

local

coin

used

as

a

bona

fides

during

a

personal

meeting

to

help

verify

a

persons

identity

There

would

be

specific

aspects

such

as

type

of

coin

date

of

the

coin

etc

that

were

examined

by

each

party

This

helped

prevent

infiltration

into

the

meeting

by

a

spy

who

would

have

to

have

advance

knowledge

of

the

meeting

time

and

place

as

well

as

what

coin

was

to

be

presented

amongst

other

signals

as

bona

fides

While

a

number

of

legends

place

the

advent

of

challenge

coins

in

the

post

Korean

Conflict

era

some

as

late

as

the

Vietnam

War

or

even

later

Colonel

William

Buffalo

Bill

Quinn

had

coins

made

for

those

who

served

in

his

Infantry

Regiment

during

and

Colonel

Verne

Green

commander

of

the

Special

Forces

GroupA

embraced

the

idea

He

had

a

special

coin

struck

with

the

units

badge

and

motto

in

Until

the

his

unit

was

the

only

unit

with

an

active

challenge

coin

tradition

There

is

another

story

about

an

American

soldier

scheduled

to

rendezvous

with

Philippine

guerrillas

during

WWII

As

the

story

goes

he

carried

a

Philippine

solid

silver

coin

that

was

stamped

on

one

side

with

the

unit

insignia

The

coin

was

used

to

verify

to

the

guerrillas

that

the

soldier

was

their

valid

contact

for

the

mission

against

the

Japanese

Two

coins

issued

by

various

units

of

the

Belgian

Air

Component

The

challenge

coin

tradition

has

spread

to

other

military

units

in

all

branches

of

service

and

even

to

nonmilitary

organizations

as

well

as

the

United

States

Congress

which

produces

challenge

coins

for

members

of

Congress

to

give

to

constituents

Today

challenge

coins

are

given

to

members

upon

joining

an

organization

as

an

award

to

improve

morale

and

sold

to

commemorate

special

occasions

or

as

fundraisers

In

the

Air

Force

military

training

instructors

award

an

airmans

coin

to

new

enlisted

personnel

upon

completion

of

their

United

States

Air

Force

Basic

Military

Training

and

to

new

officers

upon

completion

of

the

Air

Force

Officer

Training

School

US

presidents

Challenge

coins

issued

by

presidents

date

back

to

the

late

Separately

the

White

House

Communication

Agency

WHCA

has

issued

challenge

coins

for

foreign

heads

and

military

during

Presidential

visits

In

May

controversy

arose

when

WHCA

released

a

coin

featuring

President

Donald

Trump

and

North

Korean

head

Kim

Jongun

ahead

of

peace

talks

scheduled

for

June

in

Singapore

President

Bill

Clinton

displayed

several

racks

of

challenge

coins

which

had

been

given

to

him

by

US

service

members

on

the

credenza

behind

his

Oval

Office

desk

These

coins

are

currently

on

display

at

the

Clinton

Library

The

challenge

coins

appear

in

the

background

of

his

official

portrait

now

hanging

in

the

White

House

President

George

W

Bush

received

a

challenge

coin

from

a

Marine

combat

patrol

unit

during

his

short

but

unexpected

visit

to

Al

Asad

Airbase

in

Anbar

province

Iraq

September

President

Barack

Obama

in

addition

to

handing

challenge

coins

to

US

service

members

would

leave

coins

on

the

memorial

graves

of

dead

soldiers

Not

all

of

his

coin

exchanges

went

smoothly

in

he

attempted

to

hand

it

off

to

Sergeant

Kristie

Ness

who

dropped

it

Obama

picked

it

up

afterwards

they

both

laughed

it

off

President

Donald

Trump

s

coin

broke

with

tradition

omitting

the

presidential

seal

the

motto

E

pluribus

unum

and

the

thirteen

arrows

representing

the

thirteen

original

states

His

campaign

slogan

Make

America

Great

Again

appears

on

both

sides

It

features

a

banner

at

the

bottom

which

also

serves

as

a

base

allowing

the

coin

to

stand

upright

Challenging

The

tradition

of

a

challenge

is

the

most

common

way

to

ensure

that

members

are

carrying

their

units

coin

The

rules

of

a

challenge

are

not

always

formalized

for

a

unit

and

may

vary

between

organizations

The

challenge

only

applies

to

those

members

that

have

been

given

a

coin

formally

by

their

unit

This

may

lead

to

some

controversy

when

challenges

are

initiated

between

members

of

different

organizations

and

is

not

recommended

The

tradition

of

the

coin

challenge

is

meant

to

be

a

source

of

morale

in

a

unit

and

forcing

the

challenge

can

cause

a

reverse

effect

The

act

of

challenging

is

called

a

Coin

Check

and

is

usually

loudly

announced

The

challenge

which

can

be

made

at

any

time

begins

with

the

challenger

drawing

hisher

coin

and

slapping

or

placing

the

coin

on

the

table

or

bar

In

noisy

environments

continuously

rapping

the

challenge

coin

on

a

surface

may

initiate

the

challenge

Accidentally

dropping

a

challenge

coin

is

considered

to

be

a

deliberate

challenge

to

all

present

Everyone

being

challenged

must

immediately

produce

the

coin

for

their

organization

and

anyone

failing

to

do

so

must

buy

a

round

of

drinks

for

the

challenger

and

everyone

else

who

has

their

challenge

coin

However

should

everyone

challenged

be

able

to

produce

their

coin

the

challenger

must

buy

a

round

of

drinks

for

the

group

While

most

holders

of

challenge

coins

usually

carry

them

in

their

pockets

or

in

some

other

readily

accessible

place

on

their

persons

most

versions

of

the

rules

permit

a

challenged

person

a

step

and

a

reach

or

if

an

individual

has

an

extra

coin

to

pass

it

off

to

the

person

closest

to

them

Coins

on

belt

buckles

or

key

chains

are

not

acceptable

for

meeting

a

challenge

However

a

coin

worn

around

the

neck

is

acceptable

for

meeting

a

coin

challenge

Variants

of

the

rules

include

but

are

not

limited

to

the

following

If

someone

is

able

to

steal

a

challenge

coin

everyone

in

the

group

must

buy

a

drink

for

that

person

During

a

challenge

everyone

in

the

group

must

buy

a

drink

for

the

holder

of

the

highestranking

coin

A

coins

rank

is

determined

by

the

rank

of

the

giver

of

the

challenge

coin

For

example

a

coin

presented

by

an

Admiral

would

outrank

a

coin

presented

by

a

Vice

Admiral

while

both

would

outrank

a

coin

presented

by

a

Captain

Traditionally

the

presentation

of

a

coin

is

passed

during

a

handshake

Some

units

provide

strict

time

limits

to

respond

to

a

challenge

Traditionally

rules

of

a

challenge

include

a

prohibition

against

defacing

the

coin

especially

if

it

makes

it

easier

to

carry

at

all

times

If

the

challenge

coin

is

attached

to

a

belt

buckle

or

key

ring

or

has

had

a

hole

drilled

in

it

to

attach

to

a

lanyard

it

no

longer

qualifies

as

a

challenge

coin

Appearance

There

are

many

finishes

availablefrom

a

simple

pewter

to

gold

While

there

are

only

a

few

base

metals

the

patina

finish

can

range

from

gold

silver

or

nickel

to

brass

copper

or

bronze

plus

the

antiqued

variations

Soft

or

hard

enamel

or

a

printed

inset

with

an

epoxy

coating

may

add

color

the

epoxies

are

often

more

resilient

and

scratch

resistant

than

the

metal

surfaces

Cost

Challenge

coins

are

moderately

inexpensive

to

design

and

produce

There

are

two

basic

processes

by

which

to

manufacture

zincalloy

castings

or

die

struck

bronze

Zinc

alloy

castings

offer

the

advantage

of

low

cost

Zinc

casting

also

allows

more

flexibility

in

design

like

cutouts

found

on

spinner

coins

or

bottle

opener

coins

While

a

die

struck

bronze

or

brass

coin

is

more

expensive

the

result

renders

a

far

superior

product

numismatic

quality

As

of

coins

manufactured

in

China

and

South

Korea

typically

cost

between

to

per

coin

depending

on

production

process

and

complexity

of

design

laser

engraving

enamels

voids

etc

The

dies

must

be

sculpted

by

an

artist

and

can

range

in

cost

from

to

depending

on

complexity

The

cost

of

domestic

manufacture

can

be

many

times

this

amount

In

order

to

be

competitive

most

North

American

companies

offering

challenge

coins

rely

on

having

the

product

manufactured

offshore

Many

challenge

coins

are

fabricated

in

South

Korea

as

the

connection

to

the

US

military

bases

there

is

strong

and

costs

are

cheaper

than

those

made

in

the

US

Uses

Besides

using

coins

for

challenging

they

are

also

used

as

rewards

or

awards

for

outstanding

service

or

performance

of

duty

As

such

they

are

used

as

a

tool

to

build

morale

Military

officials

occasionally

give

them

to

nonmilitary

personnel

for

outstanding

service

or

rewards

like

the

case

of

student

athletes

at

Northeastern

University

In

the

context

as

they

are

used

by

the

modern

US

military

the

tradition

probably

began

among

special

forces

units

during

the

Vietnam

War

The

tradition

spread

through

the

Airborne

community

and

by

the

early

also

into

the

Ranger

Regiment

As

officers

were

reassigned

as

their

careers

progressed

they

carried

with

them

the

tradition

of

awarding

a

unit

coin

for

acts

that

were

worthy

of

recognition

but

yet

lacked

enough

merit

to

submit

the

soldiers

act

for

an

official

medal

One

widely

known

challenge

coin

in

the

United

States

Air

Force

was

the

Bull

Dog

challenge

coin

that

was

exclusive

to

enlisted

tail

gunners

Since

the

gunner

position

was

phased

out

in

this

famous

challenge

coin

has

become

rarer

This

coin

was

presented

to

gunners

upon

graduation

from

their

Air

Force

technical

training

and

their

entry

into

the

Gunners

Association

In

the

earlier

days

of

bombers

a

bean

or

a

nugget

was

used

The

coin

represents

the

attributes

of

strength

and

courage

as

reflected

in

the

Bulldog

the

gunners

official

mascot

The

coin

was

also

given

to

certain

honorary

gunners

usually

commanders

and

leaders

who

portrayed

the

spirit

of

the

bulldog

Some

collectors

buy

them

for

their

numismatic

value

Coins

given

as

awards

for

accomplishments

are

normally

given

to

the

recipient

during

a

handshake

passing

from

the

right

hand

of

the

giver

to

the

right

hand

of

the

awardee

It

is

also

normal

for

the

giver

to

offer

a

brief

explanation

of

the

reason

for

awarding

the

coin

Outside

of

the

military

Challenge

coins

are

also

exchanged

outside

the

military

NASCAR

the

NFL

cadets

of

the

Civil

Air

Patrol

Eagle

Scouts

and

World

Series

of

Poker

all

have

their

own

challenge

coins

They

are

also

becoming

popular

with

police

departments

fire

departments

and

fraternal

organizations

In

the

Utah

Symphony

and

Opera

gave

challenge

coins

to

all

of

its

staff

and

musicians

making

it

the

first

symphony

organization

in

America

to

do

so

Franklin

Public

School

in

Ontario

has

a

coin

that

is

given

to

graduates

featuring

its

mascot

Frankie

Many

nonprofits

especially

those

with

connections

to

the

military

give

challenge

coins

to

donors

to

acknowledge

their

support

of

the

organization

The

FBIs

Crisis

Response

unit

was

the

first

unit

in

the

FBI

to

issue

coins

to

unit

members

in

late

National

Association

of

Buffalo

Soldiers

and

Troopers

Motorcycle

Club

Members

of

the

National

Association

of

Buffalo

Soldiers

and

Troopers

Motorcycle

Club

must

earn

their

challenge

coin

Another

organization

in

which

challenge

coins

have

gained

popularity

is

the

National

Association

of

Buffalo

Soldiers

and

Troopers

Motorcycle

Club

NABSTMC

which

has

over

chapters

totaling

over

members

The

coin

is

inches

mm

in

diameter

minted

in

solid

brass

with

an

antique

finish

The

front

of

the

coin

bears

the

NABSTMC

logo

Also

depicted

is

the

year

the

club

was

established

which

was

The

back

of

the

coin

proudly

displays

the

cavalry

charge

with

the

motto

of

the

and

cavalry

buffalo

soldiers

we

can

we

will

and

ready

forward

The

coin

must

be

Harley

Owners

Group

In

the

Harley

Owners

Group

HOG

created

and

made

available

its

own

challenge

coin

to

HarleyDavidson

motorcycle

owners

through

the

HOG

members

only

website

stating

Those

who

ride

HarleyDavidson

motorcycles

share

a

bond

in

much

the

same

way

as

those

who

have

served

their

country

with

pride

Carrying

a

HOG

National

Challenge

Coin

in

your

pocket

on

your

bike

or

off

is

a

meaningful

way

to

show

your

pride

of

HarleyDavidson

ownershipwhile

also

paying

tribute

to

those

who

serve

The

HOG

National

Challenge

coin

measures

inches

mm

in

diameter

and

is

minted

in

US

from

solid

brass

Science

In

the

International

Genetically

Engineered

Machine

competition

iGEM

participants

that

won

the

Grand

Prize

are

given

a

challenge

coin

from

on

see

figure

on

the

right

Varian

Medical

Systems

a

medical

device

manufacturer

awards

challenge

coins

for

notable

accomplishments

by

its

service

personnel

A

significant

number

of

Varians

employees

have

military

backgrounds

where

many

of

them

learn

the

electronics

and

mechanical

skills

needed

to

support

Varian

equipment

Media

In

his

audio

commentary

for

the

DVD

release

of

Iron

Man

film

director

Jon

Favreau

notes

that

he

had

Iron

Man

challenge

coins

made

to

distribute

to

United

States

Air

Force

personnel

as

a

gesture

of

thanks

for

their

cooperation

while

the

production

and

its

predecessor

Iron

Man

filmed

on

location

at

Edwards

Air

Force

Base

Bill

Prady

executive

producer

of

The

Big

Bang

Theory

recently

gave

the

Big

Bang

Theory

executive

producers

challenge

coin

to

the

crew

of

the

last

space

shuttle

On

the

Rockets

episode

of

Lock

N

Load

with

R

Lee

Ermey

R

Lee

Gunny

Ermey

presents

a

challenge

coin

to

Lt

Carr

as

a

reward

for

being

the

top

gun

in

his

class

with

the

Javelin

Portable

Rocket

Launching

System

Members

of

the

American

Radio

Relay

League

who

are

volunteer

examiners

may

carry

the

VEC

volunteer

examiner

coordinator

challenge

coin

These

members

are

responsible

for

administering

Federal

Communications

Commission

sanctioned

examinations

that

allow

successful

applicants

to

qualify

as

amateur

radio

operators

in

the

three

different

license

categories

of

technician

general

and

amateur

extra

The

crew

of

Breaking

Bad

were

given

challenge

coins

designed

by

show

creator

Vince

Gilligan

for

each

new

season

Another

challenge

coin

was

also

included

in

the

Bluray

set

of

the

entire

series

of

the

show

Video

game

companies

like

Treyarch

gave

these

coins

with

certain

packages

for

the

release

of

Black

Ops

The

crowdfunded

movie

Lazer

Team

gave

challenge

coins

to

its

backers

as

an

optional

perk

of

funding

the

movie

Canada

the

challenge

coin

for

Royal

Canadian

Sea

Cadet

Corps

LONGUEUIL

One

of

the

first

appearance

of

a

challenge

coin

within

the

Canadian

Forces

was

that

of

the

Canadian

Airborne

Regiment

Although

conceptualized

in

the

early

it

was

not

officially

adopted

until

the

regiment

returned

from

Cyprus

in

Recognized

as

an

Americanism

the

widespread

use

of

challenge

coins

is

new

to

the

Canadian

Forces

CF

and

was

introduced

by

General

Rick

Hillier

as

the

Canadian

Army

began

to

work

closer

with

the

US

military

While

many

regiments

and

military

establishments

purchase

them

as

challenge

coins

most

branches

and

schools

within

the

CF

use

them

for

presentation

purposes

The

first

RCAF

coin

belonged

to

Squadron

Back

in

the

Second

World

War

and

the

film

studios

MetroGoldwynMayer

MGM

shared

the

lion

as

their

respective

symbol

During

a

ceremony

held

on

May

a

bronze

statuette

of

a

Lion

was

presented

to

the

Squadron

as

were

MGMs

coins

for

the

Squadron

members

These

coins

granted

free

access

to

the

MGMs

theaters

in

Britain

and

were

popular

with

aircrew

and

ground

crew

alike

In

the

custom

was

reintroduced

by

LieutenantColonel

Hugh

Cunnigham

then

the

squadron

commanding

officer

it

has

since

expanded

widely

within

the

RCAF

Tactical

Aviation

community

Every

new

officer

cadet

at

the

Royal

Military

College

of

Canada

in

Kingston

Ontario

is

issued

a

challenge

coin

upon

completion

of

FirstYear

Orientation

Period

The

coin

is

engraved

with

the

name

of

the

college

in

French

and

English

surrounding

the

colleges

coat

of

arms

on

the

obverse

The

cadets

college

number

and

the

Memorial

Arch

is

on

the

reverse

surrounded

by

the

motto

in

both

languages

Members

of

the

Corps

of

Royal

Canadian

Electrical

and

Mechanical

Engineers

Fund

are

issued

challenge

coins

with

the

current

RCEME

badge

and

the

members

branch

fund

membership

number

on

the

obverse

side

and

the

original

preunification

RCEME

badge

and

branch

motto

on

the

reverse

side

Usually

these

are

issued

to

craftsmen

at

the

Canadian

Forces

School

of

Electrical

and

Mechanical

Engineering

in

Borden

Ontario

where

branch

fund

membership

is

first

offered

The

coin

from

Commander

Canadian

Special

Operations

Forces

Command

CANSOFCOM

is

a

dull

colour

but

distinct

by

its

pierced

sections

Many

of

the

CF

training

centres

and

staff

colleges

have

a

unique

coinsome

available

for

the

students

to

purchase

others

available

only

by

presentation

by

the

establishment

or

the

commandant

for

exemplary

achievement

while

attending

the

facility

General

Walter

Natynczyk

when

he

was

chief

of

the

Defence

Staff

and

the

Canadian

Forces

Chief

Warrant

Officer

often

present

their

personalized

coins

to

deserving

soldiers

Police

corrections

security

and

fire

departments

have

embraced

the

concept

and

have

found

coins

to

be

an

excellent

means

of

team

building

and

creating

a

sense

of

brotherhood

or

belonging

Many

feature

a

patron

saint

badge

or

representative

equipment

Switzerland

The

challenge

coin

tradition

was

introduced

into

the

Swiss

Armed

Forces

by

American

officers

on

training

missions

and

other

assignments

for

the

Organization

for

Security

and

Cooperation

in

Europe

of

which

Switzerland

is

a

member

Coins

are

not

issued

but

rather

ordered

and

paid

for

by

Swiss

officers

of

various

branches

within

the

Army

Challenge

coin

of

the

Warrant

Officer

of

the

Air

Force

Royal

Australian

Air

Force

Specifically

WOFFAF

Mark

Pentreath

WOFFAF

Australia

New

Zealand

Coins

have

come

into

use

by

various

Australian

and

New

Zealand

political

leaders

senior

officers

and

NCOs

under

the

influence

of

presentations

from

American

personnel

Several

hundred

types

of

New

Zealand

challenge

coins

have

been

produced

in

recent

decades

Britain

Exchange

officers

and

British

military

visitors

to

US

units

and

formations

in

recent

decades

have

often

been

presented

with

challenge

coins

The

British

Army

has

had

a

challenge

coin

for

recruiting

purposes

since

the

and

examples

exist

for

eg

the

Special

Air

Service

and

Royal

Engineer

units

British

military

medical

units

also

discovered

the

tradition

while

working

with

American

units

in

Iraq

and

Afghanistan

The

Department

of

Military

Anesthesia

and

Critical

Care

has

been

issuing

a

coin

since

See

also

Numismatics

portal

Military

of

the

United

States

portal

References

Challenge

Coin

GlobalSecurityorg

Retrieved

March

Commanders

use

specially

minted

military

coins

to

improve

morale

foster

unit

esprit

de

corps

and

honor

service

members

for

their

hard

work

In

one

squadron

a

wealthy

lieutenant

ordered

medallions

struck

in

solid

bronze

and

presented

them

to

his

unit

a

b

c

d

Myers

William

J

April

Meet

the

Challenge

The

Numismatist

Wolfe

Alexandra

May

Portable

Portraits

The

Wall

Street

Journal

Carter

Chris

November

BACCN

Military

Region

Challenge

Coin

Nursing

in

Critical

Care

British

Association

of

Critical

Care

Nurses

doi

a

b

Mahoney

PF

The

DMACC

Coins

Journal

of

the

Royal

Army

Medical

Corps

doi

a

b

Pike

John

March

History

of

the

Challenge

Coin

Globalsecurityorg

Retrieved

August

a

b

c

Knowlen

Charles

May

History

of

the

Challenge

Coin

PDF

Bangor

International

Airport

Retrieved

December

The

Challenge

Coin

Tradition

Do

You

Know

How

It

Started

DoDLive

wwwdodlivemil

History

of

Custom

Challenge

Coins

Embleholics

Retrieved

May

a

b

c

d

e

f

Snyder

Jonathan

March

Challenge

Coins

a

Trademark

Tradition

for

American

Military

Pacific

Air

Force

United

States

Air

Force

Archived

from

on

December

Retrieved

May

a

b

The

Challenge

Coin

Tradition

Do

You

Know

How

It

Started

DoDLive

wwwdodlivemil

a

b

c

Myers

William

J

April

Meet

the

Challenge

The

Numismatist

a

b

c

d

e

Special

Forces

Coin

Rules

and

History

Sfalxcom

Archived

from

on

July

Retrieved

August

a

b

Christian

Davenport

nd

Power

Players

Flip

for

Challenge

Coins

Regional

Business

News

The

Washington

Post

via

EBSCOhost

Training

Group

Basic

Military

Training

PDF

Lackland

Air

Force

Base

p

Archived

from

the

original

PDF

on

August

Retrieved

December

US

Mints

Commemorative

Coin

for

TrumpKim

Summit

Time

Retrieved

White

House

releases

unexpectedly

romantic

coin

featuring

Trump

and

Kim

Jong

Un

VICE

News

Retrieved

Retrieved

September

Missing

or

empty

title

help

Staff

AOL

Obama

caught

in

photos

handing

servicemen

challenge

coins

during

secret

handshake

AOLcom

Retrieved

Nakamura

David

s

Its

very

gold

The

presidential

coin

undergoes

a

Trumpian

makeover

Washington

Post

Retrieved

Garcia

Sandra

E

Trump

Gives

Presidential

Challenge

Coin

a

Makeover

and

It

Shows

The

New

York

Times

Retrieved

a

b

c

Michelsen

Michael

W

Jr

A

Passionate

Collector

Collector

Adam

Mulholland

Passion

Challenge

Coins

Antiques

Collecting

History

of

the

Military

Challenge

Coin

US

Air

Force

Wire

Dawgs

Archived

from

on

November

Myers

William

J

April

Meet

the

Challenge

The

Numismatist

Military

Coins

Custom

Challenge

Coins

Custom

Challenge

Coins

Retrieved

Honoring

Leadership

Northeastern

Voice

Northeastern

University

February

Medford

Jesse

L

Challenge

Coins

Not

Just

for

the

Military

Challenge

Coin

Association

Archived

from

the

original

on

June

Chapter

The

Cadet

NCO

The

Team

PDF

Learn

to

Lead

vol

Civil

Air

Patrol

p

a

b

c

Challenge

Coin

Challenge

Coins

Outside

of

The

Military

Challenge

Coins

Military

Archived

from

the

original

on

August

Retrieved

August

Cummings

Melanie

July

People

in

Coins

Canadian

Coin

News

p

April

Challenge

Coins

for

NonProfit

Fundraising

DR

Military

Specialties

Retrieved

August

NonProfit

Challenge

Coins

Challenge

Coins

Plus

March

Retrieved

August

Harley

Owners

Group

Official

Challenge

Coins

Ultimate

MotorCycling

Magazine

December

Retrieved

August

Collider

Goes

to

the

Set

of

IRON

MAN

Read

a

Preview

Plus

Pictures

of

the

Challenge

Coin

Collidercom

Retrieved

March

Crews

Visit

to

The

Big

Bang

Theory

collectSPACE

Messages

Retrieved

June

Pins

Patches

Supplies

Volunteer

Examiner

Challenge

Coin

ARRL

Retrieved

August

The

Breaking

Bad

Complete

Series

Set

Looks

Awesome

The

Huffington

Pos

September

Retrieved

August

MacManus

Christopher

August

Treyarch

Teases

Call

of

Duty

Black

Ops

Collectors

Editions

CNET

Retrieved

August

Lazer

Team

by

Rooster

Teeth

Indiegogo

Rooster

Teeth

Retrieved

January

Mongeon

Denis

A

Challenging

Collection

PDF

Archived

from

the

original

PDF

on

December

Retrieved

August

Original

MGM

Lion

Coin

Squadron

Association

NEW

BOOK

NEW

ZEALAND

CHALLENGE

COINS

A

CATALOGUE

Further

reading

Acosta

Wil

March

History

of

the

Challenge

Coin

Marine

Corps

News

Retrieved

December

Challenge

Coin

GlobalSecurityorg

Retrieved

December

Thompson

Scott

March

Of

Military

Excellence

Affiliation

and

Heraldry

The

Story

of

Military

Coins

The

Fort

Leavenworth

Lamp

Archived

from

on

December

Retrieved

April

Marotta

Michael

E

December

Take

the

Challenge

PDF

The

Numismatist

Cummings

Melanie

July

Challenge

Coins

Are

Like

Hotcakes

at

Public

School

PDF

Canadian

Coin

News

Brooks

Jeanne

Fraser

August

Coining

a

Tradition

Soldiers

Magazine

Michelsen

Jr

Michael

W

A

Passionate

Collector

Collector

Adam

Mullholland

Passion

Challenge

Coins

Antiques

Collecting

Schwartz

Richard

R

October

Soft

or

Hard

Enamel

Coins

Which

is

Better

challengecoinsltdcom

Retrieved

October

Michael

Thomas

Čuhaj

George

S

Coins

Currency

of

the

Middle

East

KP

pp

OCLC

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links

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Commons

has

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of

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Champasak Province From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia This article is about the province For the kingdom see Kingdom of Champasak Champasak Province ແຂວງ ຈຳປາສັກ Province Map of Champasak Province Location of Champasak Province in Laos Coordinates 14883N 105866E Coordinates 14883N 105866E Country Laos Capital Pakse Area Total 15415 km 2 5952 sq mi Population 2015 census Total 694023 Density 45km 2 120sq mi Time zone UTC7 ICT ISO 3166 code LACH HDI 2017 0604 medium 6th This article contains Lao text Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Lao script Champasak or Champassak Champasack Lao ຈຳປາສັກ càmpàːsák is a province in southwestern Laos near the borders with Thailand and Cambodia It is one of the three principalities that succeeded the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang As of the 2015 census it had a population of 694023 The capital is Pakse but it takes its name from Champasak the former capital of the Kingdom of Champasak Champasak is bordered by Salavan Province to the north Sekong Province to the northeast Attapeu Province to the east Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west The Mekong River forms part of the border with neighboring Thailand and contains Si Phan Don Four Thousand Islands in the south of the province on the border with Cambodia Champasak has played a central role in the history of Siam and Laos with frequent battles taking place in and around Champasak Its rich cultural heritage includes ancient temple ruins and French colonial architecture Champasak has some 20 wats temples such as Wat Phou Wat Luang and Wat Tham Fai Freshwater dolphins and the provinces many waterfalls are tourist attractions Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Protected areas 4 Administrative divisions 5 Demographics 6 Economy 7 Landmarks 8 Culture 9 91 Bibliography 10 External links History From the 1st to 9th centuries CE Champasak Province was part of the Funan and then Chenla Kingdoms Between the 10th and 13th centuries it was part of the Khmer Empire In 1354 the area came under the control of King Fa Ngum and the Lan Xang Empire The Angkor empire went into decline between the 15th and 17th centuries when it was annexed by Lan Xang In 1707 Champasak became one of three kingdoms arising from a dissolved Lan Xang Empire In the 18th century Laos became an independent kingdom The kingdom had only three emperors Soi Sisamut 171337 nephew of Suriya Vangas Sainya Kuman 173791 and lastly Fai Na 17911811 Pakse the capital of the province was established by the French in 1905 as an administrative outpost at the confluence of Xe Don Don River and the Mekong Geography Champasak Province covers an area of 15415 square kilometres 5952 sq mi The Mekong forms part of the border with neighboring Thailand and after a sharp bend projecting westward turns east and flows southeasterly through the province down to Cambodia Champasak can be reached from Thailand through Sirindhorn Districts Chong Mek border crossing to Vang Tao on the Lao side from where the highway leads east towards the provincial capital Pakse The capital is on Laos most important highway Route 13 and the French legacy can be seen in the citys architecture Si Phan Don Four Thousand Islands is on a stretch of the Mekong north of the border with Cambodia Of these islands Don Khong is the largest and has a number of small villages temples and caves A Frenchbuilt bridge on the abandoned railway line provides the link with two smaller islands Don Deth and Don Khon There are many waterfalls in the province such as the Liphi Waterfall at Don Khon to the west of Ban Khon village Below the falls in the calmer waters of the Mekong the fresh water dolphins can be seen The Khone Phapheng Falls to the east of Don Khon also on the Mekong cascade along a broad mouth of rock slopes in a curvilinear pattern The 120 metres 390 ft Tad Fane Waterfall or Dong Hua Sao in the Bolaven Plateau is the countrys highest waterfall It is created by the Champi and Prakkoot streams which originate at about 1000 metres 3300 ft above sea level The plateau is east of Pakse Si Phan Don Liphi Waterfall Khone Phapheng Falls Protected areas Xe Pian National Biodiversity Conservation Area NBCA lies in the southeastern part of the province while the Dong Hua Sao National Protected Area is in the eastern area The Center for Protection and Conservation of freshwater dolphins is on the Cambodian border These freshwater dolphins are known locally as Pakha in Lao and are found only on this particular stretch of the Mekong River Hire boats are available to see these endangered dolphins either from Ban Khon or Ban Veunkham at the southern end of the islands The Mekong Channel from Phou Xiang Thong to Siphandon Important Bird Area IBA is 34200 hectares 85000 acres in size A portion of the IBA 10000 hectares overlaps with the 120000 hectares 300000 acres Phou Xieng Thong National Protected Area The IBA encompasses two provinces Champasak and Salavan The IBA is at an elevation of 4050 metres 130160 ft Its topography consists of earth banks rocky banks rocky islands sandbars low vegetated islands rocky islets and sandy beaches Notable avifauna include Laoss last known nesting little terns river lapwings river terns small pratincoles and wiretailed swallows The 36650 hectares 90600 acres Phou Xiang Thong IBA is also in the Phou Xiengthong NBCA This IBA spans two provinces Champasak and Salavan The IBA is at an elevation of 40500 metres 1301640 ft The topography consists of low hills lowlands rivers and seasonal streams Habitat is characterized by dry deciduous tropical forest moist deciduous tropical forest semievergreen tropical rainforest mixed deciduous forest dry dipterocarp forest and open rocky savanna Notable avifauna include the greyfaced titbabbler green peafowl redcollared woodpecker and Siamese fireback Administrative divisions The province is made up of the following districts Map Code Name Lao 1601 Pak Sé District ເມືອງປາກເຊ 1602 Sanasomboun District ເມືອງຊະນະສົມບູນ 1603 Bachiangchaleunsouk District ເມືອງບາຈຽງຈະເລີນສຸກ 1604 Paksong District ເມືອງປາກຊ່ອງ 1605 Pathoumphone District ເມືອງປະທຸມພອນ 1606 Phonthong District ເມືອງໂພນທອງ 1607 Champassack District ເມືອງຈຳປາສັກ 1608 Soukhouma District ເມືອງສຸຂຸມາ 1609 Mounlapamok District ເມືອງມູນລະປະໂມກ 1610 Khong District ເມືອງໂຂງ Demographics The population of the province from the March 2005 census is 607333 The ethnic composition consists mainly of Lao but also Chieng Inthi Kaseng Katang Kate Katu Kien Lavai Laven Nge Nyaheun Oung Salao Suay Tahang and Tahoy ethnic groups Economy The economic output of the province consists primarily of agricultural productsespecially production of coffee tea and rattan It is one of the most important coffee producing areas of Laos along with Salavan and Sekong Provinces Pakse is the main trade and travel link with Thailand Cambodia and Vietnam Following the building of the Lao Nippon bridge across the Mekong at Pakse in 2002 trade with Thailand has multiplied several fold The bridge lies at the junction of roads to the Bolaven Plateau in the east Thailand in the west and Si Phan Don to the south Consequently the market place at the Talat Sao Heung near the bridge has become one of the largest in Laos Improved infracstrucutre has also led to an increase in tourism since the 1990s The weaving centres of Ban Saphai and Don Kho are 18 kilometres 11 mi from Pakse The Jhai Coffee Farmers Cooperative headquartered at the provincial capital operates on the Bolaven Plateau The Bolaven Plateau is also notable for its rubber tobacco peaches pineapple and rice production Pakse market The Lao Nippon bridge Coffee drying on the Bolaven Plateau Landmarks Champasak has some 20 wats temples The Khmer ruins of Wat Phou are in the capital of the Champasak District They are on the Phu Kao mountain slopes about 6 kilometres 37 mi from Champasak District and about 45 kilometres 28 mi to the south of Pakse along the Mekong River Wat Phou was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 14 December 2001 It is the second such site in Laos The temple complex built in the Khmer style overlooks the Mekong River and was an important Hindu temple in the Khmer Empire At the same location are the ruins of other preAngkor monuments Wat Phou Asa is an ancient HinduKhmer pagoda built on flat rock on Phou Kao Klat Ngong Mount in Pathoumphone District It can be reached via Route 13 south of Pakse and then by foot from Ban Klat Ngong The pagoda was built by the Khmers and is in a ruined state but is an important archaeological site It is now under renovation Wat Luang and Wat Tham Fai were built in 1935 There is a monastic school and a small Buddha foot imprint shrine in Wat Pha Bhat and Wat Tham Fai religious festivals are held within a large open area Tormor Rocky Channel is the 15th National Heritage Site in Laos it is about 11 kilometres 68 mi southeast of Wat Phou Champasak on the left bank of the Mekong The pathway to the building is lined with columns of sandstone It is in a ruined state There is a large chamber with doors in the front and rear and windows on two sides Inscriptions imply the site is closely related to Wat Phou Champasak An archeological site is at Pu Asa on a mountain top Kiat Ngong village is noted for its medicinal plants and forest products The Champasak Historical Heritage Museum in Pakse provides insight into the history of Laos as well as its cultural and artistic heritage In Wat Amath treasures dating back to the Stone Age can be seen The museum has few artifacts but many old documents three old Dong Son bronze drums 7th century lintels made of sandstone textile and jewelry collections including items such as iron ankle bracelets ivory ear plugs musical instruments a stele in Thai script 15th to 18th century a water jar of 11th or 12th century vintage a small Shiva linga a model of Wat Phu Champasak Buddha images and American weaponry The province was the site of Laoss first railway the Don Det Don Khon narrow gauge railway on Don Det and Don Khon Islands View from near the top of Wat Phou A lintel showing Krishna killing Kaliya on the south wall of the Wat Phou sanctuary Wat Luang in Pakse Wat Tham Fai in Pakse Culture During the third lunar month February celebrations at Angkor precede Champasacks traditional Wat Phou Festival at the site of ruins The festival is noted for elephant racing cockfighting and cultural performances of traditional Lao music and dance References Subnational HDI Area Database Global Data Lab hdiglobaldatalaborg Retrieved 20180913 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Destination Champasack Province Destination Laos Tourism Organization Retrieved 1 November 2012 a b Burke Vaisutis 2007 p 255 Champasack Province Lao Tourism Retrieved 1 December 2012 a b c d The Lao National Tourism Administration Champassak Province Ecotourism Laos GMS Sustainable Tourism Development Project in Lao PDR Retrieved 1 December 2012 a b Mansfield Koh 2008 p 10 Maps Map Google Maps Important Bird Areas factsheet Mekong Channel from Phou Xiang Thong to Siphandon BirdLife International 2012 Retrieved 6 December 2012 Important Bird Areas factsheet Phou Xiang Thong BirdLife International 2012 Retrieved 6 December 2012 a b Provinces of Laos Statoidscom Retrieved 1 November 2012 Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Second Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper EPub International Monetary Fund 21 October 2008 p 54 9781452791821 Retrieved 6 December 2012 Pakse Information Statistics TravelTouristInformationGuidecom Retrieved 20141208 a b c d Burke Vaisutis 2007 p 25556 Bush Elliot 2010 p 12 Bibliography Burke Andrew Vaisutis Justine 2007 Laos 6th Edition Lonely Planet pp 25556 9781741045680 Bush Austin Elliot Mark Ray Nick 1 December 2010 Laos 7 Lonely Planet pp 12 9781741791532 Mansfield Stephen Koh Magdalene 1 September 2008 Laos Marshall Cavendish pp 10 9780761430353 External links Champasak travel guide from Wikivoyage Pakse travel guide from Wikivoyage Wikimedia Commons has media related to Champasak Province Places adjacent to Champasak Province v t e Subdivisions of Laos v t e Districts of Southern Laos Categories Provinces of Laos Champasak Province

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I

champasak province
southwestern laos
lan xang


Charleston Naval Shipyard From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Charleston Navy Yard redirects here For the naval shipyard in Boston also formerly called the Charlestown Navy Yard see Boston Navy Yard Charleston Naval Shipyard North Charleston South Carolina Coordinates 325147N 795759W Coordinates 325147N 795759W Type Shipyard Site information Controlled by United States Navy Site history Built 1909 In use 19011996 now as Detyens Shipyards Battleswars Charleston Navy Yard Historic District US National Register of Historic Places US Historic district Location Roughly bounded by First St Hobson Ave Avenue D Fourth and Fifth Sts and the drydocks bet First and Thirteenth S North Charleston South Carolina Coordinates 325138N 795753W Area 145 acres 59 ha Built 1903 Architect multiple Architectural style Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals Modern Movement NRHP reference 06000699 Added to NRHP August 09 2006 Charleston Naval Shipyard formerly known as the Charleston Navy Yard was a US Navy ship building and repair facility located along the west bank of the Cooper River in North Charleston South Carolina and part of Naval Base Charleston Contents 1 History 2 PostBRAC 3 See also 4 5 6 External links History It began operations in 1901 as a drydock and continued as a navy facility until 1996 when it ceased operations as the result of recommendations of the 1993 Base Realignment and Closure Commission At that time it was leased to Detyens Shipyards Inc Originally designated as the Navy Yard and later as the Naval Base it had a large impact upon the local community the tricounty area and the entire State of South Carolina The yard first produced the destroyer USS Tillman DD135 then began to increase production in the 1930s A total of 21 destroyers were assembled at the naval facility USS Beatty DD640 and USS Tillman DD641 at the Charleston Navy Yard in 1941 In 1931 Ellicott Dredges delivered the 20inch cutter dredge Orion still in operation at the old Charleston Naval Shipyard Two of the largest vessels ever built at the yard were two destroyer tenders USS Tidewater AD31 and USS Bryce Canyon AD36 The keels of these ships were laid in November 1944 and July 1945 respectively Peak employment of 25948 was reached in July 1943 After the war the shipyard was responsible for the repairs and alterations of captured German submarines In April 1948 Secretary of the Navy John L Sullivan told Charlestons Representative Rivers and Senator Burnet R Maybank that the navy planned for CNSY to become a submarine overhaul yard and would ask for an initial appropriation for a batterycharging unit Aerial view of the Charleston Navy Yard in 1941 The first submarine USS Conger SS477 arrived for overhaul in August 1948 The shipyard expected to overhaul about 132 ships during the year and its work force had stabilized to nearly 5000 persons North Korean invasion of South Korea in June 1950 increased production once again By 1951 the shipyard was back to over 8000 employees In all the shipyard activated fortyfour vessels and converted twentyseven for active fleet duty during the Korean War Submarines continued to be built into the 1960s along with missiles and nuclear submarine overhauls took place including USS Scorpion SSN589 in 1962 In 1966 the shipyard completed the first refueling of a nuclear submarine USS Skipjack SSN585 and began its first overhaul of an Fleet Ballistic Missile FBM submarine USS Thomas A Edison SSBN610 Work began on deepening Dry Dock No 2 so it could handle the massive FBM submarines and destroyers fitted with sonar The facility remained a major installation throughout the Cold War as a homeport to numerous cruisers destroyers attack submarines FBM submarines destroyer tenders and submarine tenders of the US Atlantic Fleet until its closure in the 1990s as a result of the end of the Cold War and subsequent BRAC Commission action PostBRAC With the closure of the Naval Base and Charleston Naval Shipyard in 1996 Detyens Inc signed a long term lease With three dry docks one floating dock and six piers Detyens Shipyards Inc is the largest commercial facility on the East Coast Projects include military commercial and cruise ships In supporting Joint Base Charleston 231 acres 93 ha of the former Charleston Naval BaseNaval Shipyard facility have been transformed into a multiuse Federal complex with 17 Government and Military tenants as well as homeport for six RORO Military Sealift Command ships two Coast Guard National Security Cutters two NOAA research ships the United States Coast Guard Maritime Law Enforcement Academy and the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers Lastly a 350acre section of the former base was planned to be a sustainable mixeduse urban hub for the city of North Charleston to be called The Navy Yard at Noisette starting in 2005 In 2010 the developer the Noisette company went into foreclosure and Palmetto Railways part of the SC Department of Commerce purchased over 200acres of the property In 2013 Palmetto Railways purchased the remaining part of The Navy Yard The plan is to run freight trains through the north end of the former base to serve a new container port Navy Base Intermodal Container Transfer Facility that See also Joint Base Charleston Naval Support Activity Charleston Warren Lasch Conservation Center Naval Health Clinic Charleston Charleston Navy Yard Officers Quarters Historic District References Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charleston Naval Shipyard National Historic Register nomination form for the Charleston Navy Yard Historic District South Carolina Department of Archives and History 2006 National Park Service 20090313 National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Naval Base History Retrieved 5 July 2016 Colletta Paolo E EdUnited States Navy and Marine Corps Bases Domestic Greenwood Press Westport CT 1985 Pgs 78102 State railroad division pays 10 million for remaining Noisette properties on former Navy Base Post and Courier October 7 2013 Further reading Hamer Fritz P Charleston Reborn A Southern City Its Navy Yard and World War II The History Press 2005 Hamer Fritz Giving a Sense of Achievement Changing Gender and Racial Roles in Wartime Charleston 19421945 Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association 1997 1997 online External links History Navy Yard at Noisette redevelopment Detyens Shipyards Inc Charleston Naval Shipyard v t e US National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina Topics Contributing property Keeper of the Register Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Property types Lists by county Abbeville Aiken Allendale Anderson Bamberg Barnwell Beaufort Berkeley Calhoun Charleston Cherokee Chester Chesterfield Clarendon Colleton Darlington Dillon Dorchester Edgefield Fairfield Florence Georgetown Greenville Greenwood Hampton Horry Jasper Kershaw Lancaster Laurens Lee Lexington Marion Marlboro McCormick Newberry Oconee Orangeburg Pickens Richland Saluda Spartanburg Sumter Union Williamsburg York Lists by city Charleston Columbia Greenville North Charleston Rock Hill Other lists Bridges National Historic Landmarks Keeper of the Register History of the National Register of Historic Places Property types Historic district Contributing property

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

charleston naval shipyard
shipyard
dry docks