Postpartum Practice Questions FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month A postpartum nurse is preparing to care for a woman who has just delivered a healthy newborn infant In the immediate postpartum period the nurse plans to take the womans vital signs 1 Every 30 minutes during the first hour and then every hour for the next two hours 2 Every 15 minutes during the first hour and then every 30 minutes for the next two hours 3 Every hour for the first 2 hours and then every 4 hours 4 Every 5 minutes for the first 30 minutes and then every hour for the next 4 hours CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT 2 Every 15 minutes during the first hour and then every 30 minutes for the next two hours CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 54 Terms in this set 54 A postpartum nurse is preparing to care for a woman who has just delivered a healthy newborn infant In the immediate postpartum period the nurse plans to take the womans vital signs 1 Every 30 minutes during the first hour and then every hour for the next two hours 2 Every 15 minutes during the first hour and then every 30 minutes for the next two hours 3 Every hour for the first 2 hours and then every 4 hours 4 Every 5 minutes for the first 30 minutes and then every hour for the next 4 hours 2 Every 15 minutes during the first hour and then every 30 minutes for the next two hours A postpartum nurse is taking the vital signs of a woman who delivered a healthy newborn infant 4 hours ago The nurse notes that the mothers temperature is 1002F Which of the following actions would be most appropriate 1 Retake the temperature in 15 minutes 2 Notify the physician 3 Document the findings 4 Increase hydration by encouraging oral fluids 4 The most appropriate action is to increase hydration by encouraging oral fluids which should bring the temperature to a normal reading Although the nurse would document the findings the most appropriate action would be to increase the hydrationThe mothers temperature may be taken every 4 hours while she is awake Temperatures up to 1004 38 C in the first 24 hours after birth are often related to the dehydrating effects of labor The nurse is assessing a client who is 6 hours PP after delivering a fullterm healthy infant The client complains to the nurse of feelings of faintness and dizziness Which of the following nursing actions would be most appropriate 1Obtain hemoglobin and hematocrit levels 2Instruct the mother to request help when getting out of bed 3Elevate the mothers legs 4Inform the nursery room nurse to avoid bringing the newborn infant to the mother until the feelings of lightheadedness and dizziness have subsided 2 Orthostatic hypotension may be evident during the first 8 hours after birth Feelings of faintness or dizziness are signs that should caution the nurse to be aware of the clients safety The nurse should advise the mother to get help the first few times the mother gets out of bed Obtaining an HH requires a physicians order A nurse is preparing to perform a fundal assessment on a postpartum client The initial nursing action in performing this assessment is which of the following 1 Ask the client to turn on her side 2 Ask the client to lie flat on her back with the knees and legs flat and straight 3 Ask the mother to urinate and empty her bladder 4 Massage the fundus gently before determining the level of the fundus 3 Before starting the fundal assessment the nurse should ask the mother to empty her bladder so that an accurate assessment can be done When the nurse is performing fundal assessment the nurse asks the woman to lie flat on her back with the knees flexed Massaging the fundus is not appropriate unless the fundus is boggy and soft and then it should be massaged gently until firm The nurse is assessing the lochia on a 1 day PP patient The nurse notes that the lochia is red and has a foulsmelling odor The nurse determines that this assessment finding is 1Normal 2Indicates the presence of infection 3Indicates the need for increasing oral fluids 4Indicates the need for increasing ambulation 2 Lochia the discharge present after birth is red for the first 1 to 3 days and gradually decreases in amount Normal lochia has a fleshy odor Foul smelling or purulent lochia usually indicates infection and these findings are not normal Encouraging the woman to drink fluids or increase ambulation is not an accurate nursing intervention When performing a PP assessment on a client the nurse notes the presence of clots in the lochia The nurse examines the clots and notes that they are larger than 1 cm Which of the following nursing actions is most appropriate 1 Document the findings 2 Notify the physician 3 Reassess the client in 2 hours 4 Encourage increased intake of fluids 2 Normally one may find a few small clots in the first 1 to 2 days after birth from pooling of blood in the vagina Clots larger than 1 cm are considered abnormal The cause of these clots such as uterine atony or retained placental fragments needs to be determined and treated to prevent further blood loss Although the findings would be documented the most appropriate action is to notify the physician A nurse in a PP unit is instructing a mother regarding lochia and the amount of expected lochia drainage The nurse instructs the mother that the normal amount of lochia may vary but should never exceed the need for 1 One peripad per day 2 Two peripads per day 3 Three peripads per day 4 Eight peripads per day 4 The normal amount of lochia may vary with the individual but should never exceed 6 to 8 peripads per day The average number of peripads is 6 per day A PP nurse is providing instructions to a woman after delivery of a healthy newborn infant The nurse instructs the mother that she should expect normal bowel elimination to return 1 On the day of the delivery 2 3 days PP 3 7 days PP 4 within 2 weeks PP 2 After birth the nurse should auscultate the womans abdomen in all four quadrants to determine the return of bowel sounds Normal bowel elimination usually returns 2 to 3 days PP Surgery anesthesia and the use of narcotics and pain control agents also contribute to the longer period of altered bowel function Select all of the physiological maternal changes that occur during the PP period 1Cervical involution ceases immediately 2Vaginal distention decreases slowly 3Fundus begins to descend into the pelvis after 24 hours 4Cardiac output decreases with resultant tachycardia in the first 24 hours 5Digestive processes slow immediately 1 and 3 In the PP period cervical healing occurs rapidly and cervical involution occurs After 1 week the muscle begins to regenerate and the cervix feels firm and the external os is the width of a pencil Although the vaginal mucosa heals and vaginal distention decreases it takes the entire PP period for complete involution to occur and muscle tone is never restored to the pregravid state The fundus begins to descent into the pelvic cavity after 24 hours a process known as involution Despite blood loss that occurs during delivery of the baby a transient increase in cardiac A nurse is caring for a PP woman who has received epidural anesthesia and is monitoring the woman for the presence of a vulva hematoma Which of the following assessment findings would best indicate the presence of a hematoma 1Complaints of a tearing sensation 2Complaints of intense pain 3Changes in vital signs 4Signs of heavy bruising 3 Because the woman has had epidural anesthesia and is anesthetized she can not feel pain pressure or a tearing sensation Changes in vitals indicate hypovolemia in the anesthetized PP woman with vulvar hematoma Heavy bruising may be visualized but vital sign changes indicate hematoma caused by blood collection in the perineal tissues A nurse is developing a plan of care for a PP woman with a small vulvar hematoma The nurse includes which specific intervention in the plan during the first 12 hours following the delivery of this client 1Assess vital signs every 4 hours 2Inform health care provider of assessment findings 3Measure fundal height every 4 hours 4Prepare an ice pack for application to the area 4 Application of ice will reduce swelling caused by hematoma formation in the vulvar area The other options are not interventions that are specific to the plan of care for a client with a small vulvar hematoma A new mother received epidural anesthesia during labor and had a forceps delivery after pushing 2 hours At 6 hours PP her systolic blood pressure has dropped 20 points her diastolic BP has dropped 10 points and her pulse is 120 beats per minute The client is anxious and restless On further assessment a vulvar hematoma is verified After notifying the health care provider the nurse immediately plans to 1 Monitor fundal height 2 Apply perineal pressure 3 Prepare the client for surgery 4 Reassure the client 3 The use of an epidural prolonged second stage labor and forceps delivery are predisposing factors for hematoma formation and a collection of up to 500 ml of blood can occur in the vaginal area Although the other options may be implemented the immediate action would be to prepare the client for surgery to stop the bleeding A nurse is monitoring a new mother in the PP period for signs of hemorrhage Which of the following signs if noted in the mother would be an early sign of excessive blood loss 1 A temperature of 1004F 2 An increase in the pulse from 88 to 102 BPM 3 An increase in the respiratory rate from 18 to 22 breaths per minute 4 A blood pressure change from 13088 to 12480 mm Hg 2 During the 4th stage of labor the maternal blood pressure pulse and respiration should be checked every 15 minutes during the first hour A rising pulse is an early sign of excessive blood loss because the heart pumps faster to compensate for reduced blood volume The blood pressure will fall as the blood volume diminishes but a decreased blood pressure would not be the earliest sign of hemorrhage A slight rise in temperature is normal The respiratory rate is increased slightly A nurse is preparing to assess the uterine fundus of a client in the immediate postpartum period When the nurse locates the fundus she notes that the uterus feels soft and boggy Which of the following nursing interventions would be most appropriate initially 1 Massage the fundus until it is firm 2 Elevate the mothers legs 3 Push on the uterus to assist in expressing clots 4 Encourage the mother to void 1 If the uterus is not contracted firmly the first intervention is to massage the fundus until it is firm and to express clots that may have accumulated in the uterus Pushing on an uncontracted uterus can invert the uterus and cause massive hemorrhage Elevating the clients legs and encouraging the client to void will not assist in managing uterine atony If the uterus does not remain contracted as a result of the uterine massage the problem may be distended bladder and the nurse should assist the mother to urinate but this would not be the initial action A PP nurse is assessing a mother who delivered a healthy newborn infant by Csection The nurse is assessing for signs and symptoms of superficial venous thrombosis Which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse note if superficial venous thrombosis were present 1 Paleness of the calf area 2 Enlarged hardened veins 3 Coolness of the calf area 4 Palpable dorsalis pedis pulses 2 Thrombosis of the superficial veins is usually accompanied by signs and symptoms of inflammation These include swelling of the involved extremity and redness tenderness and warmth A nurse is providing instructions to a mother who has been diagnosed with mastitis Which of the following statements if made by the mother indicates a need for further teaching 1 I need to take antibiotics and I should begin to feel better in 2448 hours 2 I can use analgesics to assist in alleviating some of the discomfort 3 I need to wear a supportive bra to relieve the discomfort 4 I need to stop breastfeeding until this condition resolves 4 In most cases the mother can continue to breast feed with both breasts If the affected breast is too sore the mother can pump the breast gently Regular emptying of the breast is important to prevent abscess formation Antibiotic therapy assists in resolving the mastitis within 2448 hours Additional supportive measures include ice packs breast supports and analgesics A PP client is being treated for DVT The nurse understands that the clients response to treatment will be evaluated by regularly assessing the client for 1 Dysuria ecchymosis and vertigo 2 Epistaxis hematuria and dysuria 3 Hematuria ecchymosis and epistaxis 4 Hematuria ecchymosis and vertigo 3 The treatment for DVT is anticoagulant therapy The nurse assesses for bleeding which is an adverse effect of anticoagulants This includes hematuria ecchymosis and epistaxis Dysuria and vertigo are not associated specifically with bleeding A nurse performs an assessment on a client who is 4 hours PP The nurse notes that the client has cool clammy skin and is restless and excessively thirsty The nurse prepares immediately to 1 Assess for hypovolemia and notify the health care provider 2 Begin hourly pad counts and reassure the client 3 Begin fundal massage and start oxygen by mask 4 Elevate the head of the bed and assess vital signs 1 Symptoms of hypovolemia include cool clammy pale skin sensations of anxiety or impending doom restlessness and thirst When these symptoms are present the nurse should further assess for hypovolemia and notify the health care provider A nurse is assessing a client in the 4th stage if labor and notes that the fundus is firm but that bleeding is excessive The initial nursing action would be which of the following 1 Massage the fundus 2 Place the mother in the Trendelenburgs position 3 Notify the physician 4 Record the findings 3 If the bleeding is excessive the cause may be laceration of the cervix or birth canal Massaging the fundus if it is firm will not assist in controlling the bleeding Trendelenburgs position is to be avoided because it may interfere with cardiac function A nurse is caring for a PP client with a diagnosis of DVT who is receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of heparin sodium Which of the following laboratory results will the nurse specifically review to determine if an effective and appropriate dose of the heparin is being delivered 1 Prothrombin time 2 Internationalized normalized ratio 3 Activated partial thromboplastin time 4 Platelet count 3 Anticoagulation therapy may be used to prevent the extension of thrombus by delaying the clotting time of the blood Activated partial thromboplastin time should be monitored and a heparin dose should be adjusted to maintain a therapeutic level of 15 to 25 times the control The prothrombin time and the INR are used to monitor coagulation time when warfarin Coumadin is used A nurse is preparing a list of selfcare instructions for a PP client who was diagnosed with mastitis Select all instructions that would be included on the list 1 Take the prescribed antibiotics until the soreness subsides 2 Wear supportive bra 3 Avoid decompression of the breasts by breastfeeding or breast pump 4 Rest during the acute phase 5 Continue to breastfeed if the breasts are not too sore 2 4 and 5 Mastitis are an infection of the lactating breast Client instructions include resting during the acute phase maintaining a fluid intake of at least 3L day and taking analgesics to relieve discomfort Antibiotics may be prescribed and are taken until the complete prescribed course is finished They are not stopped when the soreness subsides Additional supportive measures include the use of moist heat or ice packs and wearing a supportive bra Continued decompression of the breast by breastfeeding or pumping is important to empty the breast and prevent formation of an abscess Methergine or pitocin is prescribed for a woman to treat PP hemorrhage Before administration of these medications the priority nursing assessment is to check the 1 Amount of lochia 2 Blood pressure 3 Deep tendon reflexes 4 Uterine tone 2 Methergine and pitocin are agents that are used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus They cause continuous uterine contractions and may elevate blood pressure A priority nursing intervention is to check blood pressure The physician should be notified if hypertension is present Methergine or pitocin are prescribed for a client with PP hemorrhage Before administering the medications the nurse contacts the health provider who prescribed the medications in which of the following conditions is documented in the clients medical history 1 Peripheral vascular disease 2 Hypothyroidism 3 Hypotension 4 Type 1 diabetes 1 These medications are avoided in clients with significant cardiovascular disease peripheral disease hypertension eclampsia or preeclampsia These conditions are worsened by the vasoconstriction effects of these medications Which of the following factors might result in a decreased supply of breast milk in a PP mother 1 Supplemental feedings with formula 2 Maternal diet high in vitamin C 3 An alcoholic drink 4 Frequent feedings 1 Routine formula supplementation may interfere with establishing an adequate milk volume because decreased stimulation to the mothers nipples affects hormonal levels and milk production Which of the following interventions would be helpful to a breastfeeding mother who is experiencing engorged breasts 1 Applying ice 2 Applying a breast binder 3 Teaching how to express her breasts in a warm shower 4 Administering bromocriptine Parlodel 3 Teaching the client how to express her breasts in a warm shower aids with letdown and will give temporary relief Ice can promote comfort by vasoconstriction numbing and discouraging further letdown of milk On completing a fundal assessment the nurse notes the fundus is situated on the clients left abdomen Which of the following actions is appropriate 1 Ask the client to empty her bladder 2 Straight catheterize the client immediately 3 Call the clients health provider for direction 4 Straight catheterize the client for half of her uterine volume 1 A full bladder may displace the uterine fundus to the left or right side of the abdomen Catheterization is unnecessary invasive if the woman can void on her own The nurse is about the give a Type 2 diabetic her insulin before breakfast on her first day postpartum Which of the following answers best describes insulin requirements immediately postpartum 1 Lower than during her pregnancy 2 Higher than during her pregnancy 3 Lower than before she became pregnant 4 Higher than before she became pregnant 3 PP insulin requirements are usually significantly lower than prepregnancy requirements Occasionally clients may require little to no insulin during the first 24 to 48 hours postpartum Which of the following findings would be expected when assessing the postpartum client 1 Fundus 1 cm above the umbilicus 1 hour postpartum 2 Fundus 1 cm above the umbilicus on postpartum day 3 3 Fundus palpable in the abdomen at 2 weeks postpartum 4 Fundus slightly to the right 2 cm above umbilicus on postpartum day 2 1 Within the first 12 hours postpartum the fundus usually is approximately 1 cm above the umbilicus The fundus should be below the umbilicus by PP day 3 The fundus shouldnt be palpated in the abdomen after day 10 A client is complaining of painful contractions or afterpains on postpartum day 2 Which of the following conditions could increase the severity of afterpains 1 Bottlefeeding 2 Diabetes 3 Multiple gestation 4 Primiparity 3 Multiple gestation breastfeeding multiparity and conditions that cause overdistention of the uterus will increase the intensity of afterpains Bottlefeeding and diabetes arent directly associated with increasing severity of afterpains unless the client has delivered a macrosomic infant On which of the postpartum days can the client expect lochia serosa 1 Days 3 and 4 PP 2 Days 3 to 10 PP 3 Days 1014 PP 4 Days 14 to 42 PP 2 On the third and fourth PP days the lochia becomes a pale pink or brown and contains old blood serum leukocytes and tissue debris This type of lochia usually lasts until PP day 10 Lochia rubra usually last for the first 3 to 4 days PP Lochia alba which contain leukocytes decidua epithelial cells mucus and bacteria may continue for 2 to 6 weeks PP Which of the following behaviors characterizes the PP mother in the taking in phase 1 Passive and dependant 2 Striving for independence and autonomy 3 Curious and interested in care of the baby 4 Exhibiting maximum readiness for new learning 1 During the taking in phase which usually lasts 13 days the mother is passive and dependent and expresses her own needs rather than the neonates needs The taking hold phase usually lasts from days 310 PP During this stage the mother strives for independence and autonomy she also becomes curious and interested in the care of the baby and is most ready to learn Which of the following complications may be indicated by continuous seepage of blood from the vagina of a PP client when palpation of the uterus reveals a firm uterus 1 cm below the umbilicus 1 Retained placental fragments 2 Urinary tract infection 3 Cervical laceration 4 Uterine atony 3 Continuous seepage of blood may be due to cervical or vaginal lacerations if the uterus is firm and contracting Retained placental fragments and uterine atony may cause subinvolution of the uterus making it soft boggy and larger than expected UTI wont cause vaginal bleeding although hematuria may be present What type of milk is present in the breasts 7 to 10 days PP 1 Colostrum 2 Hind milk 3 Mature milk 4 Transitional milk 4 Transitional milk comes after colostrum and usually lasts until 2 weeks PP Which of the following complications is most likely responsible for a delayed postpartum hemorrhage 1 Cervical laceration 2 Clotting deficiency 3 Perineal laceration 4 Uterine subinvolution 4 Late postpartum bleeding is often the result of subinvolution of the uterus Retained products of conception or infection often cause subinvolution Cervical or perineal lacerations can cause an immediate postpartum hemorrhage A client with a clotting deficiency may also have an immediate PP hemorrhage if the deficiency isnt corrected at the time of delivery Before giving a PP client the rubella vaccine which of the following facts should the nurse include in client teaching 1 The vaccine is safe in clients with egg allergies 2 Breastfeeding isnt compatible with the vaccine 3 Transient arthralgia and rash are common adverse effects 4 The client should avoid getting pregnant for 3 months after the vaccine because the vaccine has teratogenic effects 4 The client must understand that she must not become pregnant for 3 months after the vaccination because of its potential teratogenic effects The rubella vaccine is made from duck eggs so an allergic reaction may occur in clients with egg allergies The virus is not transmitted into the breast milk so clients may continue to breastfeed after the vaccination Transient arthralgia and rash are common adverse effects of the vaccine Which of the following changes best described the insulin needs of a client with type 1 diabetes who has just delivered an infant vaginally without complications 1 Increase 2 Decrease 3 Remain the same as before pregnancy 4 Remain the same as during pregnancy 2 The placenta produces the hormone human placental lactogen an insulin antagonist After birth the placenta the major source of insulin resistance is gone Insulin needs decrease and women with type 1 diabetes may only need onehalf to twothirds of the prenatal insulin during the first few PP days Which of the following responses is most appropriate for a mother with diabetes who wants to breastfeed her infant but is concerned about the effects of breastfeeding on her health 1 Mothers with diabetes who breastfeed have a hard time controlling their insulin needs 2 Mothers with diabetes shouldnt breastfeed because of potential complications 3 Mothers with diabetes shouldnt breastfeed insulin requirements are doubled 4 Mothers with diabetes may breastfeed insulin requirements may decrease from breastfeeding 4 Breastfeeding has an antidiabetogenic effect Insulin needs are decreased because carbohydrates are used in milk production Breastfeeding mothers are at a higher risk of hypoglycemia in the first PP days after birth because the glucose levels are lower Mothers with diabetes should be encouraged to breastfeed On the first PP night a client requests that her baby be sent back to the nursery so she can get some sleep The client is most likely in which of the following phases 1 Depression phase 2 Lettinggo phase 3 Takinghold phase 4 Takingin phase 4 The takingin phase occurs in the first 24 hours after birth The mother is concerned with her own needs and requires support from staff and relatives The takinghold phase occurs when the mother is ready to take responsibility for her care as well as the infants care The lettinggo phase begins several weeks later when the mother incorporates the new infant into the family unit Which of the following physiological responses is considered normal in the early postpartum period 1 Urinary urgency and dysuria 2 Rapid diuresis 3 Decrease in blood pressure 4 Increase motility of the GI system 2 In the early PP period theres an increase in the glomerular filtration rate and a drop in the progesterone levels which result in rapid diuresis There should be no urinary urgency though a woman may feel anxious about voiding Theres a minimal change in blood pressure following childbirth and a residual decrease in GI motility During the 3rd PP day which of the following observations about the client would the nurse be most likely to make 1 The client appears interested in learning about neonatal care 2 The client talks a lot about her birth experience 3 The client sleeps whenever the neonate isnt present 4 The client requests help in choosing a name for the neonate 1 The third to tenth days of PP care are the takinghold phase in which the new mother strives for independence and is eager for her neonate The other options describe the phase in which the mother relives her birth experience Which of the following circumstances is most likely to cause uterine atony and lead to PP hemorrhage 1 Hypertension 2 Cervical and vaginal tears 3 Urine retention 4 Endometritis 3 Urine retention causes a distended bladder to displace the uterus above the umbilicus and to the side which prevents the uterus from contracting The uterus needs to remain contracted if bleeding is to stay within normal limits Cervical and vaginal tears can cause PP hemorrhage but are less common occurrences in the PP period Which type of lochia should the nurse expect to find in a client 2 days PP 1 Foulsmelling 2 Lochia serosa 3 Lochia alba 4 Lochia rubra 4 Lochia rubra Lochia rubra lasts 3 to 4 days PP Lochia serosa begins 3 days PP and lasts 10 days Lochia alba begins 2 wks PP and lasts up to 6 weeks Foulsmelling lochia is an abnormal finding and indicates an infection After expulsion of the placenta in a client who has six living children an infusion of lactated ringers solution with 10 units of pitocin is ordered The nurse understands that this is indicated for this client because 1 She had a precipitate birth 2 This was an extramural birth 3 Retained placental fragments must be expelled 4 Multigravidas are at increased risk for uterine atony 4 Multiple fullterm pregnancies and deliveries result in overstretched uterine muscles that do not contract efficiently and bleeding may ensue As part of the postpartum assessment the nurse examines the breasts of a primiparous breastfeeding woman who is one day postpartum An expected finding would be 1 Soft nontender colostrum is present 2 Leakage of milk at let down 3 Swollen warm and tender upon palpation 4 A few blisters and a bruise on each areola 1 Breasts are essentially unchanged for the first two to three days after birth Colostrum is present and may leak from the nipples Following the birth of her baby a woman expresses concern about the weight she gained during pregnancy how quickly she can lose it now that the baby is born The nurse in describing the expected pattern of weight loss shld begin by telling her that 1Return to prepregnant weight is usually achieved by the end of the postpartum period 2Fluid loss from diuresis diaphoresis and bleeding accounts for about a 3 pound weight loss 3The expected weight loss immediately after birth averages about 11 to 13 pounds 4Lactation will inhibit weight loss since caloric intake must increase to support milk production 3 Prepregnant weight is usually achieved by 2 to 3 months after birth not within the 6week postpartum period Weight loss from diuresis diaphoresis and bleeding is about 9 pounds Weight loss continues during breastfeeding since fat stores developed during pregnancy and extra calories consumed are used as part of the lactation process Which of the following findings would be a source of concern if noted during the assessment of a woman who is 12 hours postpartum 1 Postural hypotension 2 Temperature of 1004F 3 Bradycardia pulse rate of 55 BPM 4 Pain in left calf with dorsiflexion of left foot 4 Responses 1 and 3 are expected related to circulatory changes after birth A temperature of 1004F in the first 24 hours is most likely indicative of dehydration which is easily corrected by increasing oral fluid intake The findings in response 4 indicate a positive Homan sign and are suggestive of thrombophlebitis and should be investigated further The nurse examines a woman one hour after birth The womans fundus is boggy midline and 1 cm below the umbilicus Her lochial flow is profuse with two plumsized clots The nurses initial action would be to 1 Place her on a bedpan to empty her bladder 2 Massage her fundus 3 Call the physician 4 Administer Methergine 02 mg IM which has been ordered prn 2 A boggy or soft fundus indicates that uterine atony is present This is confirmed by the profuse lochia and passage of clots The first action would be to massage the fundus until firm followed by 3 and 4 especially if the fundus does not become or remain firm with massage There is no indication of a distended bladder since the fundus is midline and below the umbilicus When performing a postpartum check the nurse should 1Assist the woman into a lateral position with upper leg flexed forward to facilitate the examination of her perineum 2Assist the woman into a supine position with her arms above her head and her legs extended for the examination of her abdomen 3Instruct the woman to avoid urinating just before the examination since a full bladder will facilitate fundal palpation 4Wash hands and put on sterile gloves before beginning the check 1 While the supine position is best for examining the abdomen the woman should keep her arms at her sides and slightly flex her knees in order to relax abdominal muscles and facilitate palpation of the fundus The bladder should be emptied before the check A full bladder alters the position of the fundus and makes the findings inaccurate Although hands are washed before starting the check clean not sterile gloves are put on just before the perineum and pad are assessed to protect from contact with blood and secretions Perineal care is an important infection control measure When evaluating a postpartum womans perineal care technique the nurse would recognize the need for further instruction if the woman 1Uses soap and warm water to wash the vulva and perineum 2Washes from symphysis pubis back to episiotomy 3Changes her perineal pad every 2 3 hours 4Uses the peribottle to rinse upward into her vagina 4 Responses 1 2 and 3 are all appropriate measures The peribottle should be used in a backward direction over the perineum The flow should never be directed upward into the vagina since debris would be forced upward into the uterus through the stillopen cervix Which measure would be least effective in preventing postpartum hemorrhage 1Administer Methergine 02 mg every 6 hours for 4 doses as ordered 2Encourage the woman to void every 2 hours 3Massage the fundus every hour for the first 24 hours following birth 4Teach the woman the importance of rest and nutrition to enhance healing 3 The fundus should be massaged only when boggy or soft Massaging a firm fundus could cause it to relax Responses 1 2 and 4 are all effective measures to enhance and maintain contraction of the uterus and to facilitate healing When making a visit to the home of a postpartum woman one week after birth the nurse should recognize that the woman would characteristically 1Express a strong need to review events and her behavior during the process of labor and birth 2Exhibit a reduced attention span limiting readiness to learn 3Vacillate between the desire to have her own nurturing needs met and the need to take charge of her own care and that of her newborn 4Have reestablished her role as a spousepartner 3 One week after birth the woman should exhibit behaviors characteristic of the takinghold stage as described in response 3 This stage lasts for as long as 4 to 5 weeks after birth Responses 1 and 2 are characteristic of the takingin stage which lasts for the first few days after birth Response 4 reflects the lettinggo stage which indicates that psychosocial recovery is complete Four hours after a difficult labor and birth a primiparous woman refuses to feed her baby stating that she is too tired and just wants to sleep The nurse should 1Tell the woman she can rest after she feeds her baby 2Recognize this as a behavior of the takinghold stage 3Record the behavior as ineffective maternalnewborn attachment 4Take the baby back to the nursery reassuring the woman that her rest is a priority at this time 4 Response 1 does not take into consideration the need for the new mother to be nurtured and have her needs met during the takingin stage The behavior described is typical of this stage and not a reflection of ineffective attachment unless the behavior persists Mothers need to reestablish their own wellbeing in order to effectively care for their baby Parents can facilitate the adjustment of their other children to a new baby by 1Having the children choose or make a gift to give to the new baby upon its arrival home 2Emphasizing activities that keep the new baby and other children together 3Having the mother carry the new baby into the home so she can show the other children the new baby 4Reducing stress on other children by limiting their involvement in the care of the new baby 1 Special time should be set aside just for the other children without interruption from the newborn Someone other than the mother should carry the baby into the home so she can give full attention to greeting her other children Children should be actively involved in the care of the baby according to their ability without overwhelming them A primiparous woman is in the takingin stage of psychosocial recovery and adjustment following birth The nurse recognizing the needs of women during this stage should 1Foster an active role in the babys care 2Provide time for the mother to reflect on the events of and her behavior during childbirth 3Recognize the womans limited attention span by giving her written materials to read when she gets home rather than doing a teaching session now 4Promote maternal independence by encouraging her to meet her own hygiene and comfort needs 2 The focus of the takingin stage is nurturing the new mother by meeting her dependency needs for rest comfort hygiene and nutrition Once they are met she is more able to take an active role not only in her own care but also the care of her newborn Women express a need to review their childbirth experience and evaluate their performance Short teaching sessions using written materials to reinforce the content presented are a more effective approach

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


mkt ch8 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month a market is CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT 1people or organizations with 2needs or wants and with 3the ability and 4the willingness to buy CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 40 Terms in this set 40 a market is 1people or organizations with 2needs or wants and with 3the ability and 4the willingness to buy market segmentation The process of dividing a market into meaningful relatively similar and identifiable segments or groups is to enable the marketer to tailor marketing mixes to meet the needs of one or more specific segments Substantiality A segment must be large enough to warrant developing and maintaining a special marketing mix Identifiability and measurability Segments must be identifiable and their size measurable Data about the population within geographic boundaries the number of people in various age categories and other social and demographic characteristics are often easy to get and they provide fairly concrete measures of segment size Accessibility The firm must be able to reach members of targeted segments with customized marketing mixes Some market segments are hard to reachfor example senior citizens especially those with reading or hearing disabilities individuals who do not speak English and the illiterate Responsiveness Markets can be segmented using any criteria that seem logical Unless one market segment responds to a marketing mix differently than other segments however that segment need not be treated separately For instance if all customers are equally price conscious about a product there is no need to offer high medium and lowpriced versions to different segments segmentation bases Marketers use ______________ or variables which are characteristics of individuals groups or organizations to divide a total market into segments Geographic segmentation refers to segmenting markets by region of a country or the world market size market density or climate demographic segmentation Marketers often segment markets on the basis of demographic information because it is widely available and often related to consumers buying and consuming behavior Some common bases of ____________ are age gender income ethnic background and family life cycle family life cycle FLC is a series of stages determined by a combination of age marital status and the presence or absence of children Psychographic segmentation _______ is market segmentation on the basis of the following psychographic segmentation variables personality motives lifestyles geodemographics Geodemographic segmentation clusters potential customers into neighborhood lifestyle categories It combines geographic demographic and lifestyle segmentations Benefit segmentation is the process of grouping customers into market segments according to the benefits they seek from the product Usagerate segmentation _______ divides a market by the amount of product bought or consumed Categories vary with the product but they are likely to include some combination of the following former users potential users firsttime users light or irregular users medium users and heavy users Satisficers contact familiar suppliers and place the order with the first one to satisfy product and delivery requirements Optimizers consider numerous suppliers both familiar and unfamiliar solicit bids and study all proposals carefully before selecting one identify marketing opportunities 1Select a market or product category for study 2Choose a basis or bases for segmenting the market 3Select segmentation descriptors 4Profile and analyze segments 5Select markets 6Design implement and maintain appropriate marketing mixes target market is a group of people or organizations for which an organization designs implements and maintains a marketing mix intended to meet the needs of that group resulting in mutually satisfying exchanges undifferentiated targeting strategy A firm using an __________ essentially adopts a massmarket philosophy viewing the market as one big market with no individual segments The firm uses one marketing mix for the entire market A firm that adopts an undifferentiated targeting strategy assumes that individual customers have similar needs that can be met with a common marketing mix concentrated targeting strategy __________ a firm selects a market niche one segment of a market for targeting its marketing efforts Because the firm is appealing to a single segment it can concentrate on understanding the needs motives and satisfactions of that segments members and on developing and maintaining a highly specialized marketing mix ex rent a car multisegment targeting strategy A firm that chooses to serve two or more welldefined market segments and develops a distinct marketing mix for each has a _______________ ex tide zipcar cannibalization which occurs when sales of a new product cut into sales of a firms existing products continuing growth of CRM There are at least four trends that will lead to the________ personalization time savings loyalty and technology Personalization Onesizefitsall marketing is no longer relevant Consumers want to be treated as the individuals they are with their own unique sets of needs and wants Time savings Direct and personal marketing efforts will continue to grow to meet the needs of consumers who no longer have the time to spend shopping and making purchase decisions With the personal and targeted nature of CRM consumers can spend less time making purchase decisions and more time doing the things that are important to them Loyalty Consumers will be loyal only to those companies and brands that have earned their loyalty and reinforced it at every purchase occasion CRM techniques focus on finding a firms best customers rewarding them for their loyalty and thanking them for their business Technology Massmedia approaches will decline in importance as advances in market research and database technology allow marketers to collect detailed information on their customers New technology offers marketers a more costeffective way to reach customers and enables businesses to personalize their messages positioning a process that influences potential customers overall perception of a brand product line or organization in general Position is the place a product brand or group of products occupies in consumers minds relative to competing offerings product differentiation One positioning strategy that many firms use to distinguish their products from competitors is based on ________________ The distinctions between products can be either real or perceived Perceptual mapping ____________ is a means of displaying or graphing in two or more dimensions the location of products brands or groups of products in customers minds For example Saks Incorporated the department store chain stumbled in sales when it tried to attract a younger core customer Attribute A product is associated with an attribute product feature or customer benefit In engineering its products Seventh Generation focuses on removing common toxins and chemicals from household products to make them safe for everyone in the household Price and quality This positioning base may stress high price as a signal of quality or emphasize low price as an indication of value Neiman Marcus uses the highprice strategy Walmart has successfully followed the lowprice and value strategy Use or application Stressing uses or applications can be an effective means of positioning a product with buyers Danone introduced its Kahlúa liqueur using advertising to point out 228 ways to consume the product Product user This positioning base focuses on a personality or type of user Gap Inc has several different brands Gap stores offer basic casual pieces such as jeans and Tshirts to middleoftheroad consumers at midlevel prices Old Navy offers lowpriced trendy casual wear geared to youth and collegeage groups and Banana Republic is a luxury brand offering fashionable luxurious business and casual wear to twentyfive to thirtyfiveyearolds Product class The objective here is to position the product as being associated with a particular category of productsfor example positioning a margarine brand with butter Alternatively products can be disassociated with a category Competitor Positioning against competitors is part of any positioning strategy Apple positions the iPhone as cooler and more uptodate than Windowsbased smartphones and Samsung positions the Galaxy series as cooler and more uptodate than the iPhone Emotion Positioning using emotion focuses on how the product makes customers feel A number of companies use this approach For example Nikes Just Do It campaign did not tell consumers what it is but most got the emotional message of achievement and courage Repositioning is changing consumers perceptions of a brand in relation to competing brands 8020 principle a principle holding that 20 percent of all customers generate 80 percent of the demand YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 62 terms Marketing Ch 8 31 terms Chapter 8 Marketing 64 terms MARK 3321 Chapter 8 Segmenting and Targeting Markets 36 terms Marketing Chapter 8 Segmentation and Targeting OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 3 terms ch 14 53 terms EXAM 3 int eco 17 terms Fin Analysis Part 2 19 terms Fin Ratio Analysis THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 25 terms Intro To Business Chapter 6 McGraw Hill 30 terms Chapter 9 18 terms Marketing Week 3 Notes 25 terms Business Principles Chapter 10

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month history 2112 Flashcards 59 terms AshleyMendez16 History 2112 Freedmens Bureau Sharecropping Croplien System Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal Type of farm tenancy that developed after the civil war in whi Merchants extended credit to tenants based on their future cro 40 terms galacticsandwich history 2112 quiz 2 Brick Country House from Five Projects Chicago Tribune Entry Adolf Loos Chicag Dance Hall of the Aubette Theo van Does 42 terms BomanColin History 2112 final Voting Rights Act 1965 Greensboro SitIns 1960 Letter from Birmingham Jail 1963 landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States tha series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro North Carolina i an open letter written on April 16 1963 by Martin Luther Kin 38 terms Morganfr33man history 2112 vocab final Voting Rights Act Greensboro SitIns Letter from Birmingham Jail 1965 Lyndon B Johnson signed Significance is it was signed i 1960 Greensboro North Carolina SNCC constructed Significance 1963 Birmingham AL MLK wrote while in jail while he was arres 42 terms alexismoug Voting Rights Act Greensboro Sitins Letter from Birmingham Jail 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local 60s 4 black college students sat down at whites only lunch co 60s letter written by Martin Luther King Jr while in jail in 61 terms maddie_oliver8 History 2112 Exam 2 Lusitania Arabic Zimmermann Telegram British passenger liner bound from NYC to Liverpool German em In Aug 1915 a German sub sunk another British passenger line Coded message from the German govt to Mexico intercepted by 95 terms Chris_Diaz881 History 2112 Test 1 Who founded the American Federation of What event led to the demise of the Kni When a company owns everything from the Samuel Gompers The Haymarket Square Riot in Chicago Illinois Vertically integrated 34 terms Dan_Spell PLUS Lyndon B Johnson New Frontier Freedom Rides Was VP to JFK and was president after his assassination Wante President JFKs domestic agenda Kennedy promised to battle t Integrated bus rides through the South organized by CORE in 19 19 terms codyt14 History 2112 3rd Wave Immigration 15th Amendment Carlisle Indian School 18901914 immigrants came to the USA for better job opportuni Prohibited FederalState Government to deny male citizens the Boarding School founded in 18791918 in Pennsylvania first In 70 terms emreinhardt History 2112 Exam 3 Cold War Truman Doctrine NATO 1945 1989 nuclear arms race between the USA and the Soviet U 1947 Pres Trumans program of containing communism in Easte North Atlantic Treaty Organization defensive political and mil 28 terms amanda_arboleda History 2112 TenPercent Plan Radical Republicans WadeDavis Bill If 10 of a states voters took a loyalty oath they could be Wanted no former Confederate leaders in power in the postwar S A compromise between moderate and radical republicans that req 85 terms legnaihuff Alfred Chandler What visible hand did The Visible hand The Visible Hand Managerial Revolution in american Business replaced the invisible hand of market forces The visible hand of management replaced the invisible hand of 56 terms jazmon_mercedes History 2112 Reconstruction Captain Henry wirz 13th amendment Politically reuniting south w the north Give equality to fre Only man executed after the war Responsible for Andersonville Abolish slavery 114 terms triston_shad History 2112 Reconstruction of the South Wade Davis 50 plan What is the name of man who takes the p people migrated fro the South to the North the north had to c required 50 of white males to pledge their allegiance to the Andrew Johnson 18 terms usseryhaley History 2112 Essay Questions TRoosevelt Presidency 19011909 Presidency of William Taft Election of 1912 Domestic policy He was a Pregressive activist republican He Roosevelt thought Taft would be just like him but hes not Ta TRoosevelt vs William Taft You think TR will win but conse 43 terms mll199113 History 2112 Test 2 Womens Peace Party Red Scare Palmer Raids Political party created in 1915 by women reformers and suffrag First Red Scare occurred in 19171920 after WW1 anyone who ex Letter bombs were mailed to 30 government officials bomber cl 15 terms Heather_King80 GO History 2112 Obergefell v Hodges Patriot Act Lewinsky Affair June 26 2015 October 2001 1998 79 terms carson_lake history 2112 drake test 1 Debating the Freedmans Bureau Two Vie Frances Ellen Watkins Harper On Suffrag Sharecropping Agreement 1870 Republicans supported the Freedmans bureau saying it helped Haper was a black leader of the womens suffrage this documen Sharecropping agreement between a white plantation owner and a 21 terms btc86283 2112 History Drake Watergate Reganomics Tet Offensive The scandal of all scandals The one event cementing the Nixon Reagans first priority as president was stimulating the stagn During Tet the Vietnam New Year Viet Cong and North Vietnam 164 terms averypope99 History 2112 Exam 2 Yip Harburg and Jay Gorney Great Bull Market Warning signs of crash Wrote the song brother can you spare a dime and spoje to fee Name given to period from 19261929 when lots of people were i Construction is flattening consumer spending declining inven 79 terms trevor_tinder4 History 2112 Drake Exam 1 Freedmens Bureau 13th Amendment black codes Federal agency created in 1865 to provide exslaves with econo Amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery Passed in Ja Racial laws passed in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War 17 terms Sarahjen257 Unit 23 History 2112 Transition to Peace Racial unrest What values still apply Racial unrest Economics consumerism and credit What value New Negro Activism Science challenges religion Traditional views Carefree life 22 terms Sarahjen257 Unit 24 History 2112 Nativism Sacco and Venzetti Emergency Immigration Act 1921 Middle class protestants Sacco and Venzetti and Red Scare F Two Italians that were killed and nativism gets a big boost wh Restricted immigration into the US 33 terms Sarahjen257 Unit 22 History 2112 Wilson and Foreign Policy Moral World Order War in Europe Not widely traveled Lacked diplomatic experience Disavows g Not greed or national interests American duty to promote dem 1914 was the assassination of Archduke by Serb Nationalist T 44 terms Sarahjen257 Unit 20 History 2112 White Mans Burden 1899 Thomas Paine Manifest Destiny A poem written by Rudyard Kipling It addressed the US shift f Americas break from England to demonstrate to the rest of the The expansion to the west for superior civilization such as te 1 of 20

O O O O O O B I B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


MELTING POINT TIPS AND GUIDELINES Exceptions are rare General Guidelines A pure organic compound usually melts over a range of two degrees or less If the melting point of a pure compound is within a degree of the value found a lab handbook it is presumed to be pure A sample is impure if it has a melting point range that is lower andor wider than that the literature value More impurities increase this effect In the organic lab unless something is wrong with the procedure or the equipment a substance generally can not be observed to melt at a higher temperature than its melting point Experimental melting points should be always reported as a range for example 4244 A given sample is only used once for mp determination Always use fresh samples for additional trials Dispose of used capillary tubes in the proper receptacle not in the wastebasket Melting Point Tips Most errors come from heating the sample too fast A heating rate of 1 to 2 degrees per minute is will give good results Going faster than five degrees per minute virtually guarantees poor results in most cases TIMESAVING TIP If a compound has a high mp it can take a long time to reach it at 1 or 2 degrees per minute Unless you have prior knowledge of the expected melting point it is advisable to have extra samples prepared ahead of time Run the first sample at a high rate of heating to get an approximate mp range Then repeat the procedure but slow down the rate of heating as you approach the expected melting point Too much or too little sample can lead to errors Generally 34 mm in the bottom of a capillary tube works well The sample should be firmly packed in the bottom of the tube to insure efficient heat transfer SAMPLE SIZE See the Picture Right The smaller sample is probably too small to properly observe the mp range The larger sample may be too large resulting in a mp range that is too wide and possibly high The middle sample is about right but it is near the maximum size that should be used Note that it is firmly packed More Melting Point Tips If you have trouble packing a tube consider discarding it proper receptacle and starting over Difficult cases are often not worth the struggle and mp capillaries are inexpensive When it doubt about a result check your technique by running a sample of a pure known substance with a similar melting point Samples that melt below 50 require extra care in order to get good results Slow heating is critical Also small amounts of impurities seem to have a greater effect on these low melting substances Mixed Melting Points The identity of two samples that have the same melting point can be determined by taking a mixed melting point Grind roughly equal portions of the two samples together to mix well and take a melting point of the mixture If the two substances are identical the melting point should be the same as that of either sample If the two substances are not identical then the melting point will be depressed WHAT YOU MAY SEE THIS IS A SAMPLE OF IBUPROFEN ISOLATED FROM COMMERCIAL TABLETS TINY DROPLETS APPEAR AT THE START OF THE MELTING POINT RANGE OFTEN THE SAMPLE APPEARS TO SHRINK AWAY FROM THE SIDES OF THE TUBE HERE AS SHOWN IN THE INSET YELLOW BOX THE SAMPLE HAS STARTED TO MELT JUST ABOVE 72 AS THE TEMPERATURE RISES TO 73 THE LIQUID PHASE BECOMES CLEARLY VISIBLE RIGHT AT 74 THERE IS A SLUSHY MIXTURE OF CRYSTALS AND LIQUID BELOW FINALLY AT A TEMPERATURE OF 75 ALL OF THE SOLID HAS MELTED AND A CLEAR LIQUID REMAINS THE MELTING POINT IS REPORTED AS 7275 THE LITERATURE VALUE The Merck Index 12 th Ed FOR IBUPROFEN IS 7577 THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULT SUPPORTS THE PRESENCE OF IBUPROFEN BUT THE MP RANGE IS WIDER AND LOWER THAN EXPECTED PROBABLY DUE TO SMALL AMOUNTS OF IMPURITIES

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Solar The True Cost Of Living Off The Grid The True Cost Of Living Off The Grid Daniel Wesley April 20 2018 Table of Contents It Starts With Electricity Water and Septic Are A Must Independent Heat Radical Off Grid Living Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live without having to pay for electricity water and other services were so accustomed to Living off the grid simply means having a selfsustaining domicile that is independent of outside utilities While preppers and survivalists may come to mind for many the goal of living off the grid is simply to live healthier and leave a smaller environmental footprint For example Brad Waters a contributing writer to Psychology Today writes about two normal and healthy households who are doing what they can to be energy independent These families are far removed for those who are preparing for doomsday or a zombie apocalypse Where does anyone begin to start to live this kind of lifestyle 9 Hacks To Cut Your Reliance On Plastic Pay Less to Power Your Home Reduce your electric bill by up to 80 Increase your homes value by up to 20 Guaranteed savings over life of panels Go Solar It Starts With Electricity The average household in the United States spends about 54 percent of their utility bills on electricity alone Reducing your power consumption is a logical first step to saving money on utilities but there are also plenty of alternatives to buying electricity You may already be familiar with them Solar While solar power can currently only produce about 7 kilowatts of power a day in sunny and dry environments the technology continues to improve every year For a professionally installed 24volt system including a backup generator the total cost is estimated at 38000 However costs are expected to go down as solar panel use increases Swedish retailer Ikea now sells solar panel kits in the United Kingdom and chances are their kits will be available in the United States soon enough Wind Wind turbines might be a useful backup to solar especially on stormy days For the relatively low estimated cost of 11000 its another investment worth considering Hydropower Long before electricity people were using water for milling grains If youre close to a powerful river a waterpowered generator might be a perfect option for you The cost can range from 6470 to 55400 Water and Septic Are A Must No one can live without water so the importance of a good and clean water system is of the utmost importance For drinking water digging a well is the simple solution In fact the Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 15 percent of Americans already use wells for their drinking water A simple solution for septic Septic tanks are the tried and true method Combined expect to spend about 12000 for both If youre a little more adventurous greywater systems or waterless composting toilets might be worth considering Independent Heat Heat is needed for more than just staying warm in winter Its essential for cooking heating water and many other important tasks As a source of heat wood has worked since the beginning of time is relatively inexpensive and easy to find A complete installation of a wood oven will run about 3700 and a years worth of fuel if purchased will average about 300 While this may seem like a natural option the downsides of wood include the amount of heat produced the space needed for storage and time needed to use it Propane heat burns cleaner than wood uses less space and costs about the same per a year Radical Off Grid Living Do you have an unlimited budget a three to fiveyear startup window and friends with advanced engineering degrees If you answered yes your best option is the next generation of power plants small nuclear reactors These babies can generate up to 45mw of electricity with no need to refuel for decades at a time And all for just under 40000000 or so So are you committed to sustainable living yet Whether youre all in or just want to save take a look at this infographic for even more insight to offthegrid living Whether youre allin or just want to save on your utility bills take a look at this infographic for even more insight to offthegrid living Click image for full version

O O O O O B I I I O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


R Development Page Contributed R Packages Below is a list of all packages provided by project Intro to computational finance in R Important note for package binaries RForge provides these binaries only for the most recent version of R but not for older versions In order to successfully install the packages provided on RForge you have to switch to the most recent version of R or alternatively install from the package sources targz Packages IntroCompFinR Introduction to Computational Finance in R The package is for the introduction to computational finance in R for Econ 424 in University of Washington Seattle There are examples and function for demonstration and teaching purpose Students are expected to download the package and learn from the codes and examples Moreover the book coming soon is also based on this package Version 10 Last change 20151030 19312701 Rev 23 Download targz zip Build status Current R install command installpackagesIntroCompFinR reposhttpRForgeRprojectorg Build status codes 0 Current the package is available for download The corresponding package passed checks on the Linux and Windows platform without ERRORs 1 Scheduled for build the package has been recognized by the build system and provided in the staging area 2 Building the package has been sent to the build machines It will be built and checked using the latest patched version of R Note that it is included in a batch of several packages Thus this process will take some time to finish 3 Failed to build the package failed to build or did not pass the checks on the Linux andor Windows platform It is not made available since it does not meet the policies 4 Conflicts two or more packages of the same name exist None of them will be built Maintainers are asked to negotiate further actions 5 Offline the package is not available The build system may be offline or the package maintainer did not trigger a rebuild done eg via committing to the package repository If your package is not shown on this page or not building then check the build system status report

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Home Page Testing kits Radon mitigation Radon Gas FAQ About Us Real Estate Testing DayCare Testing QuotesContact Some radiometric and ecological studies also suggest a connection to neurological diseases including MS Parkinsons disease and Alzheimers high radon levels Your homes assessment is obligation free and fully confidential Call 844 RADONCA 844 7236622 Our Services We provide services for home owners home builders realtors and property managers We offer same day testing as well as long term Radon measurement kits We specialize in radon mitigation of buildings small and large private and public and can plan and execute customized solutions to lower indoor radon levels by up to 90 or more Our Team We are members of the Canadian Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists CARST and have a dedicated CNRPP certified Radon Measurement and Mitigation team serving customers in Alberta and Saskatchewan More about our team on about us page Get Tested The first step towards a radon safe home or a safe building is to get it tested Purchase a do it yourself home test kit or book a professional test of a commercial or public building or apartment complex We also offer professional tamper resistant testing solutions for real estate transactions Beware of the short term home test Health Canada recommends radon levels be measured over a period of at least 3 months during the heating season to determine the radon risk of a home or building A by a leading radon research group found false negative rates of short term tests in excess of 17 meaning the short term test failed to identify a radon problem as well alarming false positive rates meaning mitigations would have been recommended where they were not necessary from short term testing The only time RadonCare will recommend short term testing is when it is necessary for timelines associated with real estate transactions and in those cases we take measures against false negatives issue a follow up long term test and and back up the test with money back guarantees against mitigation costs for missed radon problems so we absorb the risk instead of your family If youve purchased a short term test or have been offered one for free think twice before you put too much confidence in those results Order a long term test kit here Mitigations by RadonCare Youve tested your home for radon using an accurate Health Canada approved 3 month test The lab results indicate the exposure level in your home is above Health Canadas action level or higher than any level you feel comfortable at Now what Andrew Arshinoff and the RadonCare team take pride in the science of the radon mitigation RadonCare will earn your business through excellent customer service and exceptional quality Youll be provided a detailed system engineering report and the installation will be backed up with a 3 year performance warranty fully covering your system including parts and labor Quotes are all inclusive so there are no surprises More about Mitigations by RadonCare Testing for Real Estate If you identify a radon problem before purchasing a property the costs for radon mitigation generally are the responsibility of the seller Our Real Estate testing program is designed to take the risk out of short term tests We provide you with a short and long term test If the short term test fails to identify a radon potential in a property you get credited the cost of the test back when you mitigate All real estate testing packages include a 27 day radon test using professional gradetamper resistant equipment setting up of closed home conditions a 3 month alpha track test dosimeter to validate the results of the short term test a mitigation cost estimate if remediation of the building is required and a report that outlines the terms your real estate lawyer can use for issuing holdbacks when a potential radon problem is identified More about our real estate testing program Book a Real Estate Radon Test Child Care Facility Testing Lifetime exposure to even a relatively low level of radon of just over 200 Bqm 3 can represent more than a 2 chance of lung cancer While not all homes may ever be mitigated children should not be subjected to high levels of radon at childcare Alberta Bill 209 Radon Awareness and Testing Act is expected to come into effect soon requiring all child care facilities in the province to be tested for radon If you are a owneroperator learn about our testing and mitigation program designed specifically for you Our program is designed not just to make you compliant with the law but to make you look good as a facility proactively addressing radon and to save you money on mitigation should it be required More about child care facility testing How does Radon Gas Cause Lung Cancer Radon is formed in radioactive decay chain of uranium Most of the decay chain occurs underground and at low levels that have no measurable effect on human health However as Radon is a noble gas with a short half life it can escape from the soil and accumulate in the air in your home Because of its short half life when Radon is inhaled it has a high probability of undergoing radioactive decay in your lungs in which it releases an alpha particle capable of causing DNA damage to cells in sensitive lung tissue Radioactive decay of radon emits a alpha particle capable of damaging DNA in cells of sensitive lung tissue Alpha radiation can result in DNA damage in lung cells This damage is sometimes repaired with no long lasting effect on the cell but in other cases it leads to cell death or DNA mutation Dead cells can be easily replaced however mutated cells can lead to lung cancer Lifetime Excess Cancer Risk Based on Indoor Air Carcinogens Indoor Air Carcinogen Lifetime Excess Cancer Risk Asbestos 0 Benzene 0 Disel Exhaust 0 Formaldehyde 0 Radon 0 Radiation Doses in Context MSv Indoor Air Carcinogen Lifetime Excess Cancer Risk Full Body CT scan dose 1 Yearly Exposure in house with 200 Bqm3 1 Yearly Exposure in house with 600 Bqm3 1 Yearly Exposure in house with 2000 Bqm3 1 Vomiting and Hairloss within 23 days 8 Chernobyl workers who died within a month 10 55 years of living in a house at 200 Bqm3 2 55 years of living in a house at 600 Bqm3 2 55 years of living in a house at 2000 Bqm3 2 Effective dose values are based on International Commission on Radiological Protection 105 2010 model for radon dose calculated using biokinetic and dosimetric models dosimetric approach Calculations based on 7000 hours per year occupancy 80 The danger from radon comes from cumulative exposure that is exposure over a lifetime This graph illustrates radiation dose both in terms of a single year of exposure and from exposure over a period of 55 years at various radon concentrations Although radiation poisoning is much more pronounced when a person is exposed to high levels of radiation over a short period of time eg Chernobyl workers lung cancer risk from radon is linearly correlated to cumulative exposure Living in a house with 2000 Bqm 3 for 55 years yields a higher radiation dose in terms of cancer risk than a chernobyl worker exposed fatal radiation poisoning Even at levels between 200 and 600 Bqm 3 the cumulative exposure over a lifetime is highly significant Have a strong basement smell Noisy sump pump Mold Certain types of radon mitigation system can be an effective ways to reduce moisture in basements to help combat mold mildew and that basement smell often associated with older houses and damp basements In fact an active soil depressurization system can remove as much as 72 litres of water a day from the soil beneath the basement concrete floor For comparison a average dehumidifier removes about 13 litres a day The American Environmental Protection Agency of the EPA did a study on this called Exploratory Study of Basement Moisture during Operation of ASD Radon Control Systems and found radon systems can be effective for this purpose In addition if your home has a sump pump the sump pump will be sealed off as part of the mitigation process which makes it safer helps contains odours and reduces noises from pump operation Please note that although these types benefits are common in systems we install we do caution homeowners that a RadonCare radon mitigation system will be engineered for the purpose of radon removal and we do not warrant it for moisture odour or mildew control Certain types of radon mitigation solutions are on average more effective for moisture control than others if this is of concern to you speak to our team about it CBCs The National explores the Radon Problem in Canadian houses Quick Links Home Test Kits Purchase a Health Canada and CNRPP approved home test kit or a digital continuous radon monitor Test Kits Real Estate testing We perform short term and long term radon readings using the most advanced equipment available to get results you need to know for your realestate transaction or commercial test Real Estate Testing Mitigations Mitigation by Andrew Arshinoff and the RadonCare team are backed by a 3 year warranty Results are guaranteed Mitigations

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GEOGRAPHY FORM ONE NOTES Friday March 09 2018 GEOGRAPHY what is geography why is it important to study geography open all the studynotes by clicking the open here icon below FORM ONE GEOGRAPHY RAJ MPELLA This is a short biography of the post author Maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus nullam quis ante maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus donec you may also like Next CHEMISTRY FORM ONE NOTES Previous HISTORY FORM ONE NOTES ANALYSIS OF THE BOOKS recentposts Blog Archive TANZANIA SECONDARY EDUCATION SYLLABI DOWNLOAD PDFs PAST PAPERS Translate This Blog Pages FORM FOUR NOTES ON ALL SUBJECTS FORM THREE NOTES ON ALL SUBJECTS FORM TWO NOTES ON ALL SUBJECTS FORM ONE NOTES ALL SUBJECTS Followers USEFUL LINKS MILLARD AYO SISI NA ELIMU MAKTABA TETEA SHULE DIRECT PAST PAPERS VISIT KILIMO ONLINE JIFUNZE KILIMO PAST PAPERS TANGAZOO

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