Liverpool Nightlife Liverpool has a relatively small city centre which makes for an ideal night out with clubs and bars on every corner There are a few areas to target primarily from Concert Squares inyourfacebeats to Seel Streets laidback indie vibe theres truly something for everyone The Baltic Triangle A haven for ravers The Baltic Triangle is filled with warehouse spaces that have been given a new lease of life by creative minds and promoters Theres the Camp and Furnace which hosts everything from Bingo to open mic nights Plus smaller spaces like 24 Kitchen Street and Constellations all offering the best names in electronic music Concert Square Concert Square is the hub of Liverpools nightlife and is the place to hear the latest chartrbhip hop music An acquired taste Concert Square is always a hive of activity on a Saturday night with revellers from all over the UK descending on the bars and clubs sprawling from the outdoor courtyard that is the squares centrepoint There is also a three floored club Krazyhouse which is set in a former factory that has a unique music policy for each floor Ropewalks Next to Concert Square is the citys hip Ropewalks district which boasts plenty of cracking bars to get stuck into The Peacock Salt Dog Slims Santa Chupitos Lagos and Red Door are just some of the watering holes wed personally recommend You can also catch student nights and gigs in the Arts Club Matthew Street Approach with caution at weekends this is stag and hen party central so unless feather boas and inflated drink prices are your thing steer well clear Its definitely worth a visit to the Cavern Club the a recreation of the club The Beatles originally made their name as in the afternoons they often have cover artists playing some of the fab fours biggest hits Perfect for that authentic Liverpool feel Docklands These past few years has seen an explosion just to the north of the city centre in the docklands area where old warehouses have been transformed into music venues Although slightly thin on the ground for pubs and predinks destinations venues such as Invisible Wind Factory North Shore Troubador and Meraki are now home to some of the best clubnights and live gigs in the city Rainbow Quarter Liverpools LGBT scene isnt on the same scale as Manchesters but it more than holds its own as a growing piece of Liverpools nightlife jigsaw Set on the fringes of the business district this small collection of bars and clubs hosted the cities first ever pride festival this summer The gay quarter is located on Stanley Street particular highlights are Garlands Pink and GBar Live Music see our up to date top Liverpool Gigs Seel Street If indie rock or alternative is more your thing there are many unsigned band nights often free entry on Seel Street Heebie Jeebies have bands on in the outdoor courtyard and in the basement the Arts Club often hosts some of the UKs biggest signed acts and Zanzibar too is a hotbed of Liverpools brightest young bands O2 Academy The Academies are renowned around the country for hosting diverse acts and the Liverpool venue is no different Years Years Public Enemy and The Wailers are all making their way to one of the most popular spaces in Liverpool for live music this year The Shipping Forecast Although The Shipping Forecast is primarily used as a bar that sells really good burgers might we add down in the basement is The Hold which hosts an abundance of live gigs and the odd club night Clubs see our up to date top Liverpool Raves 24 Kitchen Street Intimate and always boasting a superb array of DJs 24 Kitchen St has become the citys number one regular dance music haunt boasting superb midweek soirees just as regularly as the weekend tear outs Invisible Wind Factory The jewel in the docklands crown the latest project from the crew behind the revered but sadly gone Kazimier have created a huge warehouse space which boasts regular showcases from the likes of 303 Worried About Henry and ENRG For a full guide to Liverpool events check out our Liverpool Events Guide

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Flights to Munich Book Did you mean flights from Munich A Slice of Munich Whether its the famous Oktoberfest that lures you to Bavaria or a chance to see enchanting fairy tale castles set in lush forest book your flights to Munich now You may be torn over when to visit this captivating capital In October when you can take part in the largest beer festival in the world or December when the magical Christmas markets are in full swing Whenever you chose to go Munich wont disappoint This Bavarian city is grand and beautiful with more theatres and galleries than anywhere else in Germany plus a world famous orchestra and outstanding ballet company When choosing where to dine Munichs celebrated beer halls are the obvious choice Long tables costume clad waitresses and huge glasses of beer make for an authentic experience There are of course other less authentic options if you prefer Dont forget a slice of the famous black forest gateaux Search and compare the best bargains on flights to Munich Browse for cheap flights from the best travel agents and hundreds of airlines to get the best flight deals Skyscanner is fast and easy to use so you can find the lowest flight prices then book directly by clicking through to the airline or travel agency site Skyscanner can also help you find your ideal hotel in Munich from the best deals online If you have an early flight or arrive into Munich late check out our favourite airport hotels to help you find the best place to stay Book your hotels and flights to Munich with confidence theres no commission to pay as you book directly with your chosen flight provider Cheapest flights to Munich from London to Munich Berlin to Munich Hamburg to Munich Frankfurt to Munich Dusseldorf to Munich Cologne to Munich New York to Munich Manchester to Munich Birmingham to Munich Edinburgh to Munich Glasgow to Munich Bristol to Munich Save Flexible on where you fly to Airports near Munich Munich Memmingen Allgäu 75 mi Nuremberg 85 mi Friedrichshafen 115 mi Stuttgart 120 mi Karlsruhe BadenBaden 172 mi All of Bavaria Munich Airport Who flies to Munich Hotels in Munich Search hotels Car hire in Munich Munich Travel Guide Book flights to Munich and discover the perfect blend of Bavarian culture and modern attitudeTheres more to Munich than lederhosen oompah music and massive steins of beer although if you visit during Oktoberfest it might be hard to see beyond them As well as traditional Bavarian culture the city has Munich city guide Cheap flights Europe Germany Bavaria Munich

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Retro 1982 Fix It Felix Jr Arcade Game Commercial Featuring Wreck It Ralph Posted on Monday October 8th 2012 by Peter Sciretta As you know by now Disney Animations Wreck It Ralph follows the journey of a villain from an old 1980s arcade game To help promote the film the mouse house has created an awesome viral video which claims to be a 1982 commercial for the Fix It Felix Jr arcade game Watch the television spot embedded after the jump And if you havent already play the Fix It Felix Jr arcade game online also available on the Apple app store Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video The tv spot first appeared on BuzzFeed Some might remember that Disney ran a simular viral for Toy Story 3 creating old tv commercials for the LotsoHuggin Bear also a Japanese version Here is the original one page flier for Donkey Kong an arcade game which Fix It Felix Jr is inspired by Cool Posts From Around the Web ZergNet

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Executive Management Paal Kibsgaard Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Simon Ayat Executive VP and Chief Financial Officer Ashok Belani Executive VP Technology JF Poupeau Executive VP Corporate Engagement Alex Juden Secretary and General Counsel Hinda Gharbi Vice President Human Resources Guy Arrington Vice President Operational Planning Resource Management Simon Farrant Vice President Investor Relations Patrick Schorn Executive VP Wells Olivier Le Peuch Executive VP Reservoir Infrastructure Aaron Gatt Floridia Executive VP Western Hemisphere Khaled Al Mogharbel Executive VP Eastern Hemisphere Abdellah Merad President North America Land Production Stephanie Cox President North America Land Drilling

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1 of 22 A Novel Approach of Automation Test for Software Monitoring Solution Tran Son Hai 1603 views Download Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Club Follow Published on Jul 19 2016 Automation test is an interesting research problem in recent years There are Published in Software A Novel Approach of Automation Test for Software Monitoring Solution Tran Son Hai 1 A Novel Approach of Automation Test for Software Monitoring Solution Hai Tran IMT Solutions 16072016 2 Agenda Motivation A Novel Power of Automation Test Advertisements Monitoring Architecture Pattern Applying the proposed pattern for Online advertisements monitoring solution Video advertisements monitoring solution Advantages and Disadvantages Short demo Conclusion Future work 2 3 Motivation As a software tester we have used automation test for Sanity Test Functional Test Regression Test System Test PerformanceLoad Test 3 4 Motivation With thinking out of the box we wonder whether automation technique is able to apply for others out of testing 4 5 A Novel Power of Automation Test In the traditional approach automation is used to find bugs and assure the software quality 5 In this research we have a novel approach using automation test to build software monitoring solution The power of automation is not only for testing 6 A Novel Power of Automation Test Monitoring software and Automation test mapping 6 Monitor Software Automation Test Object monitoring Object verification Object tracking display or not display Object exist Pass or Failed Record compress images Capture images Writing log and monitoring report Automation Log and test report Alarm and Warning Alert 7 Advertisements Monitoring Architecture Pattern Advertisements monitoring architecture pattern based on automation test Automation Test Framework customize for monitoring purpose Scheduler configure how often the script runs Cloud Service verify the objects display from multiple platforms 7 8 Advertisements Monitoring Architecture Pattern Proposed Architecture 8 Monitored System Scheduler Automation Verify object script Capture images Customized Automation log Customized Test report Cloud service Multiple platforms VM VM Auto Logs Captured images 9 Applying for Online Advertisements Monitoring Business requirements for Online advertisements monitoring Automated monitoring capability which verifies whether online advertisement is displayed Cross OSbrowserplatform validation and automated monitoring can be run on selected combinations Online advertisements display depends on locations Solution Automation Selenium Scheduler Crontab Jenkins Cloud service Saucelabs 9 10 Applying for Online Advertisements Monitoring Tools for online advertisements monitoring 10 11 Applying for Online Advertisements Monitoring Online Advertisements Monitoring Solution 11 12 Applying for Video Advertisements Monitoring Business requirements for Video advertisements monitoring Automated Monitoring real time and automated monitoring capability which verifies whether video advertisement is displayed Logging offer logging details in Monitoring capability for further analysis and trending Control STBs Capture images or video send remote control commands AC power ONOFF Solution Automation Test integrates with TMC system 12 13 Applying for Video Advertisements Monitoring What is TMC WindowsWeb based test automation tool Supports OCR for reading text on screen Supports image comparisons Write scripts in Java or Ruby language View the video on all 16 STBs remotely via a web browser Interact with STB ie IR commands via web browser Test automation framework Includes Execution Service for launching test scripts serial or parallel Logging mechanism Easily view test results details or summary Headless selenium server for testing web based interfaces eg MAS 13 14 Applying for Video Advertisements Monitoring Video Ads Monitoring Solution Selenium and TMC integration 14 15 Applying for Video Advertisements Monitoring Video Advertisements Monitoring Solution 15 16 Advantages and Disadvantages Analysis Advantages Ability to monitor objects cross platforms Reuse the power of automation test Verify object for checking the display Automation log and capture images for recording Test report for monitor report 16 Disadvantages Compatibility of multiple components Depend on automation test tool 17 Short Demo 17 18 Conclusion An architecture pattern for monitoring solution based on automation test Automation Test Scheduler Cloud service An approach of Automation Test for software monitoring solution Apply for Online Ads Monitoring system Apply for Video Ads Monitoring system 18 19 Future work and open problem Integration with image processing programming in computer vision to enhance the monitoring system Apply for object tracking system Comparison monitoring software base on automation with developer Integrate with Business Intelligent system for mining logsreport data 19 20 References 1 Alcaraz Calero J M and Juan Gutierrez Aguado MonPaaS an adaptive monitoring platformas a service for cloud computing infrastructures and services Services Computing IEEE Transactions on 81 2015 6578 2 Gao Jerry Xiaoying Bai and WeiTek Tsai Cloud testingissues challenges needs and practice Software Engineering An International Journal 11 2011 923 3 Kim Eun Ha Jong Chae Na and Seok Moon Ryoo Implementing an effective test automation framework Computer Software and Applications Conference COMPSAC09 33rd Annual IEEE International 2009 Vol 2 4 Nguyen Vu Bert Steece and Barry Boehm A constrained regression technique for COCOMO calibration Proceedings of 21 2016 HCMC Software Testing Club THANK YOU The power of automa tion is not only for testing 22 Appendix 22 Recommended Learning to Teach Online Online Course LinkedIn Learning Information Literacy Online Course LinkedIn Learning Gamification for Interactive Learning Online Course LinkedIn Learning Deliver Fast Break Nothing Via Effective Building Developer and Tester Colla Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Club A Universal Automation Framework based on BDD Cucumber and Ruby on Rails Ph Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Club Security testingWhat can we do Trinh Minh Hien Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Club Agile Testing Not Just Testers Story _ Dang Thanh Long Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Club The New Agile Testing Quadrants Bringing Skilled Testers and Developers Toge Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Club Test Design with Actionbased Testing Methodology Ngo Hoang Minh Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Club Testing Usability of User Interface Using Heuristics Nguyen Van Vu Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Club

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novel approach of automation
software monitoring solution


1 of 13 Reading comprehension power point 38014 views Download Jana HemmerlyBrown Painter at Soleil Furnishings Follow Published on Nov 7 2010 Published in Education Sports Reading comprehension power point 1 Reading Comprehension Summarizing 2 Summarizing Reading Comprehension is important so that we understand what we read One way to make sure we comprehend what we read is to retell what we read Have you ever retold a story 3 Retelling is a way of summarizing Its important because it extracts the essential information of a text the main idea the supporting details 4 Retelling In order to retell you need to think about the major elements of the text These include Characters Setting Problem Attempts to resolve problem Resolution Outcome 5 Tools You may use different tools to help you retell the story Maybe youve seen some of these 6 Story Map or 7 Graphic Organizer or 8 Story Time Sit back and listen to the story that I will read 9 Retelling with a Story Map I thought about the characters setting Problem Resolution 10 Retelling with a Story Map Then I used a story map to retell this story 11 Story Time Sit back and listen to the story that I will read 12 Retelling Your turn Choose one of the graphic organizers to retell the story that you just heard

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1 of 7 Types of Marriage 4529 views Download Sally High School Student Follow Published on Nov 17 2014 Types of Marriage 1 Types of Marriage brGCSE Sociology AQAbr 2 MONOGAMYbrTo be married to one person at a timebr 3 BIGAMYbrHaving more than one marriage partner at a time This is illegal in Britainbr 4 SERIAL MONOGAMYbrHaving several marriage partners one after the other not at the same timebr 5 POLYGAMYbrTo have more than one marriage partnerbr 6 POLYGYNYbrA man having several wivesbr 7 POLYANDRYbrA woman having several husbands at the same timebr Recommended Learning to Write a Syllabus Online Course LinkedIn Learning Social Media in the Classroom Online Course LinkedIn Learning Academic Research Foundations Quantitative Online Course LinkedIn Learning Community cohesion Revision Frosty_Pumpkin01 Marriage and the family Revision Frosty_Pumpkin01 Family and marriage Dr J Balamurugan PhD Marriage Stefphoney Grinage marriage GAYATRI TELANG Marriage and family heidi_apostol Biology Unit 1 Revision Sheets GCSE AQA New Core Science Sally

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1 of 25 Measures of mortality 11373 views Download Bijaya Bhusan Nanda Deputy Director Follow Published on Aug 3 2012 Published in Education Health Medicine Technology Measures of mortality 1 Lecture Series on Biostatistics No Biostat 5 Date 10082008 MEASURES OF MORTALITY Dr Bijaya Bhusan Nanda M Sc Gold Medalist Ph D Stat Topper Orissa Statistics Economics Services 1988 bijayabnandayahoocom 2 CONTENTS Introduction Determinants of Mortality Uses of Mortality data Sources of Mortality data Measures of Mortality Life Table 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVE They will be able to compute different indices of mortality They will be able to spell out general determinants of mortality They will be able to spell out usefulness of mortality indicators 4 INTRODUCTIONDeath the permanent disappearance of all evidences of life at any time after birth WHO Mortality A demographic event Average risk of dying of a person in the group during a time span This is one of the three determinants of population change ie fertility mortality and migration Factors of mortality patterns Endogenetics biological Exogeneticenvironmental 5 DETERMINANTS OF MORTALITY Vary over Space and TimeClassified in to three categoriesDemographic structure Age Sex Composition etcSocial advancement Age at marriage Adequacy of medical facilities General condition of nutrition Housing and Sanitation Literacy Religion Caste and Community beliefs etcEconomic development Occupation Standard of living per capita income Type of economy etc 6 USES OF MORTALITY RATE Useful for projecting the future size of the population Identify population groups that are at high risk and in need of health service Indicatives of quality of life and expectation of life at birth Useful guides to planners Helpful to insurance companies 7 SOURCES OF MORTALITY DATA There are two sourcesI Direct source Registration of vital events Sample Registration Surveys National Family Health SurveysI Indirect source Age data of two consecutive censuses may be used to estimates death rates Demographic year book UN Publication World Health Organization WHO also provides data 8 MEASURES OF MORTALITY It is the quantitative and statistical devices to label the risk of mortality to which a population is exposed over a period of time Different measures of mortality Crude death rate Crude death rate d DP1000 D No of deaths in a population during a given calendar year P average number of persons living in the population during the year 9 Merits requires minimum data on mortality Easy to interpret Demerits Since the risk of death is not uniform for different segments of population age sex etc CDR is a crude measure and cant be used directly for comparing the levels of mortality in two or more countries 10 Age Specific Death RatesASDR DxAge specific death rate ASDR nMx n 1000 n PxnDx No of death between x and xn in the yrnPx No of persons aged between x and xn inthe middle of yrNote Line graph of ASDR at yaxis and age atxaxis it shows Jshape pattern for developedcountries and Ushape pattern for developingcountries because in developing countriesmortality rates are comparatively higher atyounger ages 11 Infant Mortality Rate IMRNo of infants dying under one year of age in ayear per thousand live birth in a givengeographical region D0 IMR 1000 BD0 No of infants who died before celebratingtheir first birthdayB Total No live births occurring in that yearand geographical region 12 Child Mortality Rate CMRDefined as the total number of deaths ofchildren aged 1 to 4 yrs per 1000 populationof the same age in a given year andgeographical region No of deaths of children aged 1to 4 yr in given yr and regionCDR 1000 tot population aged 1 to 4 in the given yr and a given region 13 Neonatal Mortality Rate NMR No of infants dying within the first 4 weeks or up to 28 days of life per 1000 live birth in a year and geographical region Deaths of infants up to 4 weeks NMR 1000 No of live birthsEarly Neonatal Mortality Rate NMR No of infant deaths during the first seven days of life per 1000 live births in a year and geographical regionENMR Deaths of infants in the first week of life 1000 No of live births 14 Perinatal Mortality Rate PMRNo of still births late foetal deaths after 28weeks of gestation plus deaths within firstweek of life in a year and geographical regionfor 1000 births live and still in a year andregion Foetal deaths after 28weeks of gestation deaths of newborns within 7daysPMR 1000 No of live births during the same year 15 Post Neonatal Mortality Rate PNMR Number of infants deaths after 28 days toless than 1yr between 4 weeks to 52 weeksof age per 1000 live births in a given year No of deaths of newborns between 4weeks or less than 1yr old in a yearPNMR 1000 No of live births during the same yr 16 Maternal Mortality Ratio MMR No of deaths of women while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause related to pregnancy childbearing and child birth per 100000 live births in a given year Deaths of pregnant women and women after termination of pregnancy within 6 weeks from any cause related to pregnancyMMR 100000 No of live births during the same year 17 Maternal Mortality Rate MMRTNumber of maternal deaths while pregnantor within 42 days of termination ofpregnancy from any cause related topregnancy childbearing and childbirth per100000 women in reproductive ages 1549 No of maternal deaths of women in age 1549MMRT 1000 No of women in age 1549 in a given yr 18 Foetal Death Deaths prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception at any time of pregnancy Still Birth Death of foetus after completing 28 weeks and till the time of birth Incidence Rate Number of NEW cases of specified diseases occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time 19 Continued No of new cases of specified disease during a given periodIncidence rate 1000 Population at risk Prevalence Rate Number of all current cases old and new of a disease at one point in time in relation to defined population No of new and old cases of specified disease existing at a given point in time Prevalence rate 1000 Estimated population at the same point in time 20 s th ks of gestation completed Toddler Post Late Early Still Birth Death Neonatal Neonatal Neonatal Death Death Death Neonatal Death Perinatal Death Infant DeathTime Reference for Mortality in Childhood and Infancy 21 Limitations of Measures of Mortality The risk in a population may vary largely with various socioeconomic and biological traits The lack of reliable and requisite data presents serious problem sometimes of considerable magnitude 22 Exercise Calculate the crude and Age specific death rates of the population from the following data Agegroup Population Deaths Years Under 10 20000 600 1020 12000 240 2040 50000 1250 4060 30000 1050 Above 60 10000 500 23 Expectation of Life The curate Expectation of life ex gives the average number of completed years of life lived by the cohort l0 after age x by each of lx persons attaining that age The complete expectation of life denoted as exo measures the average number of years a person of given age can be expected to live under the prevailing mortality conditions It gives the number of years of life entirely completed and includes the fraction of the year survived in the year in which death occur which on the average can be taken to be years exo ex 24 REFERENCE An Introduction to the Study of Population Bhaskar D Mishra Techniques of demographic Analysis K B Pathak F Ram Fundamentals of Applied Statistics SC Gupta and V K Kapoor 25 THANK YOU

O O O B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

measures of mortality
bijaya bhusan nanda


1 of 44 Business Case for SharePoint and Office 365 26661 views Download Gregory Zelfond SharePoint Consultant Follow Published on Mar 14 2015 How to build a Business Case for SharePoint and Office 365 and sell it within Published in Technology Business Case for SharePoint and Office 365 1 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS CASE FOR SHAREPOINT OFFICE 365 HOW TO SELL SHAREPOINT TO YOUR BOSS GREGORY ZELFOND 2 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond About Me Gregory Zelfond 10 years of experience with SharePoint SharePoint advocate blogger Love to solve business problems using codefree out of the box SharePoint configurations Owner of SharePoint Maven sharepointmavencom 3 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond About SharePoint Maven I HELP ORGANIZATIONS TO UNLOCK THE POWER OF SHAREPOINT MIGRATION CONSULTING TRAINING 4 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond The Reality is Building the SharePoint Business Case is a headache Defending a SharePoint Business Case to your boss executive leadership feels like 5 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond This presentation Provides practical and real advice on building Business Case for SharePoint Office 365 Explains key points strategies for advocating SharePoint within your organization Will make you a hero 6 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Instructions 1 Familiarize yourself with this presentation 2 Email a link to this presentation to your boss 3 Schedule a meeting with your boss 4 Go over and explain each slide to your boss 5 Repeat steps 3 4 as necessary until desired outcome is reached 7 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond This Presentation Applies to any type or size of organization Especially beneficial to small medium businesses nonprofits Is mandatory for organizations with Stubborn leadership Uneducated management Bosses who are technologychallenged Leaders who are technophobic Executives who are resistive to changes 8 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Business Case In a nutshell Business Case comes down to ROI Return on Investment 2 types of ROI HARD tangible SOFT intangible 9 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond HARD ROI 10 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond HARD ROI Financial in nature Quantitative Demonstrates real cost savings Expressed in your countrys currency ie USD 11 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Hard ROI Calculation Example Description Current State SharePoint Online Office 365 Hardware Server Costs NA Cloud Solution Server Software Licenses NA Cloud Solution Exchange Server Costs Included Outlook in the Cloud MS Office Licenses for all users Included online or install depends on the plan Web Conference Costs Included Lync Backup Costs Included Disaster Recovery Costs Included Subscription Costs NA of users X user depends on the plan GRAND TOTAL of users X user Fill out this table for your organization Executives love this stuff 12 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Hard ROI Additional talking points The whole Office 365 can be FREE or discounted depending on the plan for Nonprofits click here for Nonprofit plans Academic Institutions click here for Academic plans Government click here for Government plans 13 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Bottom Line From purely Financial perspective Office 365 Cloud solution is extremely affordable If you do your analysis correctly will be hard to justify against switching to Office 365 SharePoint online Should be a no brainer with going with the cloud solution analysis and outcome might be different with onpremise SharePoint 14 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond SOFT ROI 15 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond SOFT ROI Intangible benefits Qualitative SOFT ROI can be split into 3 subcategories Business Value Efficiency Productivity Technical Value Reliability Security Support Risk Mitigation Disaster Recovery Staff Pool Lets expand on each category now 16 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VALUE 17 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VAUE EXPLAINED All about Efficiency Productivity Typically expressed in terms of time saved 1 One Stop Shop 2 Business Processes 3 Full Transparency 4 Document Management 5 External Sharing 6 Available Everywhere 7 Power to the Users Next several slides explain each Business Value separately 18 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VALUE 1 ONE STOP SHOP All daytoday applications included in one package 1 link to access it all Intuitive seamless integration between SharePoint and other Microsoft applications MS Office Web Conferencing Outlook No need for users to spend extra time and go to separate applications and duplicate information 19 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VALUE 2 BUSINESS PROCESSES SharePoint can help streamline and enforce existing or new Business Processes Can help improve consistency standardization and methodology ie Project Management Methodology Aggregates all importantrelevant information in one spot for easy decision making and time savings 20 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VALUE 3 FULL TRANSPARENCY The world has changed It is not your Fathers IT anymore VERY IMPORTANT SharePoint OnlineOffice 365 is not an IT tool it is a Business Tool Business owns and controls it all time savings realized due to lack of a middle man Easy Security Control Builtin Audit functionality allows to monitor sites users behavior Full transparency across the whole organization 21 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VALUE 4 DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SharePoint allows to organize and segregate documents by purpose security or function Clean up your current mess otherwise known as folders using SharePoint metadata Dedicated shared storage SharePoint Sites personal OneDrive for Business Time Savings realized when searching for a particular document version 22 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT CONTINUED Consolidate your existing repositories DropBox Boxcom Google Drive File Shares users laptop into just 1 true source 23 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VALUE 5 EXTERNAL SHARING Supereasy External Sharing capabilities NOTE Only works with SharePoint Online not with SharePoint onpremise No need to spend extra time and resources and setup FTP sites or use other tools for external vendors Users can share whole sites or individual documents Full Administrative and User Control over External sharing function 24 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VALUE 6 AVAILABLE EVERYWHERE Cloud solution available anywhere where there is an internet connection Online versions of Word Excel PowerPoint allow to work on documents even without software installed on a computer Fully installed MS Office can be downloaded on up to 5 devices by each user including tablets No need to VPN anymore Increased Productivity Time Savings 25 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond BUSINESS VALUE 7 POWER TO THE USERS SharePoint empowers the users personal sites views dashboards Lots can be achieved using Out of the Box functionality Increased Efficiency Satisfaction Time Savings 26 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond TECHNICAL VALUE 27 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond TECHNICAL VAUE EXPLAINED All about Security Reliability Typically expressed in terms of technical gains 1 Scalability 2 Security 3 Reliability 4 Mobile Devices 5 No More Upgrade Projects Next several slides explain each Technical Value separately 28 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond TECHNICAL VALUE 1 SCALABILITY No need to worry about hardware or software planning and projections just subscribe to or unsubscribe from additional licenses Virtually unlimited Storage 1 TB for site collections and OneDrive for Business 29 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond TECHNICAL VALUE 2 SECURITY Office 365 is one of the most secure applications Cuttingedge security practices with five layers of security and proactive monitoring help keep customer data safe courtesy microsoftcom You will never match security that Microsoft has If your boss still thinks he can have better security at his organization than Microsoft please ask him to stop taking his medication More detailed description about Office 365 Security can be found here courtesy Sharegate 30 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond TECHNICAL VALUE 3 RELIABILITY 999 uptime guaranteed by Microsoft Redundancy at every layerphysical data and functional microsoftcom Financially backed by Service Level Agreement SLA 31 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond TECHNICAL VALUE 4 MOBILE DEVICES Mobile Device Support Office 365 is accessible via smartphones and tablets Office 365 Supports BYOD Bring Your Own Device model 32 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond TECHNICAL VALUE 5 NO MORE UPGRADE PROJECTS No more costly hardware and software upgrade projects blackout periods user testing Updates to all applications are transparent to the user and are done automatically while subscription is active 33 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond RISK MITIGATION 34 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond RISK MITIGATION 1 DISASTER RECOVERY State of the art Disaster Recovery plans are in place by Microsoft Various mitigation techniques can be put in place by an Organization to support Business Continuity 35 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond RISK MITIGATION 2 SUPPORT Broad adoption First version of SharePoint went live in 2001 Large User base means lots of opportunity for support finding skilled staff etc Code Free Zone Lots of Out of the Box functionality No programming skills required to get it up and running 247 phone and email support from Microsoft 36 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Your Boss is still not convinced 37 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond OK NO PROBLEM You have 2 OPTIONS 38 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Option 1 Do it Yourself Put on your boxing gloves Invite your boss to a conference room Make sure there are no people around you 39 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Option 2 I can help Have your boss reach out to me and schedule a SharePoint demo 40 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Additional reading Did you enjoy this presentation Help spread the word by sharing a link to it with your friends and colleagues by email or social media Here are links to additional content you might find useful 12 reasons folders in SharePoint are a bad idea Introduction to SharePoint Metadata Top 5 reasons why SharePoint is great for nonprofits 5 ways to manage documents in SharePoint 10 reasons why SharePoint training matters 10 practical tips to boost SharePoint user adoption 41 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Acknowledgements I used the following materials and websites while preparing this presentation CIOcom article How to build a business case for SharePoint Images used in this presentation under Creative Commons License sportsclipartcom commonswikimediaorg findiconscom clkercom clipartpandacom wallpaperkidcom clipartpalcom Logos of the following organizations Microsoft DropBox Box Google 42 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond Need help with SharePoint SharePoint Site Configuration and Customization Document Migration to SharePoint SharePoint Implementation Strategy SharePoint Training SharePoint User Adoption SharePoint Governance SharePoint Project Management 43 sharepointmavencom gregoryzelfondsharepointmavencom gregoryzelfond THANK YOU Visit sharepointmavencom Email gregsharepointmavencom Follow gregoryzelfond Connect linkedincomcompanysharepointmaven View wwwslidesharenetgzelfond Get in touch if you have questions

O O O B I O B O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O B I O O O O O O O B I O B O B I O O O B I O B B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O B B O O B O B O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


1 of 29 How to organise a political campaign 15914 views Download jamalhimdan Follow Published on May 17 2011 A presentation developed by the Muslim Brotherhoods thinktank unit Published in News Politics How to organise a political campaign 1 YES YOU CANHow to organize a political campaignLearning from Obamas Campaign 2 LESSONS LEARNED1Develop Political Message Plan of Delivery 2Allocate Budget Fundraising Sources at least for the launch3Staff the Campaign Executive Team setup their Ofﬁce Space4Go out Spread the Message engage voters recruit volunteers attend events5Advertise on streets events ﬂyers online in newspapers media channels 3 5 WS OF STRATEGY Who is the candidate What is hisher goal objectives When does heshe want to reach them Where will you campaign Why are YOU campaigning for himher 4 5 WS OF STRATEGY Who are the ACTORS demographics What do I want them to do When do I want them to do it Where do I want them to do it Why do I want them to do it 5 POLITICAL REALITY Undeveloped political landscape DEVELOP IT Biased public private media Press PR Media Easilyled public opinion Public Awareness Strong opponents Character Branding Lack of ﬁnancial muscle Intuitive lowcost Tools 6 REACH OUT TO VOTERS 7 KEEP IT SIMPLE 8 OUTLINE YOUR STRATEGY 9 KEEP IT TRANSPARENT 10 KEEP IT FOCUSED 11 LOOK BETTER THAN OTHERS 12 INFORM THE PUBLIC 13 CHOOSE THE RIGHT STAFF 14 CAMPAIGN STRUCTUREFundraising WebSocial Design PhotoVideo Logistical Expenses Networks Print Production Support control roomCandidate Media PR Volunteers Events team Voters team team team team 15 SOCIAL MEDIA LESSONS Start early Build to scale Innovate where necessary Do everything else incrementally better Make it easy to ﬁnd forward and act Pick where you want to play Channel online enthusiasm into speciﬁc targeted activities that further the campaigns goals Integrate online advocacy into every element of the campaign 16 17 GO WHERE PEOPLE ARE 18 SOCIAL SHARING NETWORKS 19 VIDEOS TV SATELLITE 20 FUNDRAISING Big Donors Gala Small Donors Meet Greet WWW Traditional OnlineFundraiser Dinner Campaign Campaign Campaigncom Users Online Donations Organization Downloads Celebrities VOTES Classical Merchandise TOUR Social Video SMS Advertising EVENTS Facebook Youtube Twitter Vimeo Voter Base 21 COMBAT SMEARS 22 RECRUITING VOLUNTEERSIdentify Enlist Train Equip 23 IDENTIFY ENLIST 24 KEEP THEM ENGAGED 25 KEEP THEM INFORMED 26 PULL PUSH WITH PRESS Dont wait for the press to reach out to you Create events activities pull them to you Voice your candidates opinion on issues Release blog articles in your candidates name Participate in events with strong press coverage If a crisis happens voice a response or the media will do it for you 27 OTHER IDEAS 28 SUCCESS DRIVERS Start at GrassRoots Integrate SocialMedia in your campaign Create maintain Connections Stand out with Unique Values 29 THANK YOU Recommended PowerPoint Designing Better Slides Online Course LinkedIn Learning Learning PowerPoint 2016 Online Course LinkedIn Learning Learning Everyday Math Online Course LinkedIn Learning The election campaign strategy ACTIONLINE HIGH FIDELITY Political Campaign Planning1 garneth87 Campaign plan template 71310 Gridiron Communications Political Marketing Presentation Sagar Patekar Social media for political campaign in India Ravi Tondak Obama Campaign Strategy sachin2121977 The winning strategy of Barack Obamas political communication in 2008 Camp Gianni LAbbate

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


1 of 64 IP Addressing subnetting strategy 8688 views Download Mustafa Salam Instructor Follow Published on Feb 7 2014 Internet Protocol Version 4 IPv4 Subnetting Strategy Published in Education Technology 3 Comments 23 Likes Statistics Notes Karthik Keyan thank u for your effort bro 2 years ago Mustafa Salam Instructor at University of Technology you are most welcome 4 years ago shai2105 thank u so much really helped me alot 4 years ago IP Addressing subnetting strategy 1 BY Mustafa Salam Hayder Ayad Dawood Ali Adil Saeid 2 The Internet Protocol IP The Internet Protocol is the cornerstone of the TCPIP architecture All computers in the Internet understand IP The main tasks of IP are The addressing of the computers and the fragmentation of packets There are two types of Internet Protocol Internet Protocol version 4 IPv4 currently used version of Internet Protocol Internet Protocol version 6 IPv6 the upcoming replacement for IPv4 It contains some major improvements and new features 3 IPv4 Address An IPv4 address is a 32bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device for example a computer or a router to the Internet Connectionless protocol Fragments divides packets where necessary Addressing via 32 bit Internet addresses However it contains no functions for endtoend message reliability or flow control IP makes the best effort to forward packets to the next destination but does not guarantee delivery because it is connectionless 4 Cont The IP address can be classify into two classes Public address This address considered as any valid address assigned to any user and the organization who is responsible for registering IP ranges called Internet Service Providers ISPs and this address will be unique Private Address Any number or address assigned to a device on a private TCPIP Local Area Network that is accessible only within the Local Area Network 5 Internet Protocol Version 6 IPv6 SIPP Simple Internet Protocol Plus Maintains good features of IPv4 discards bad ones Not compatible with IPv4 Compatible with all other Internet protocols including TCP UDP ICMP DNS etc Main features Long addresses 128 bits supports billions of hosts Simplified fixed size header routers can process packets faster Support for authentication and privacy Better support for type of service 6 Internet addresses Each network interface connected to the Internet has a unique address consisting of two parts Network address address of the network within the Internet used by gateways for routing IP packets between networks Host address address of the computer within the network used for delivering packets to a particular network interface within the network 7 Internet address format The 32bit IP address is separated into four 8bit octets allowing each octet to have a value ranging from 0 to 255 Furthermore the IP address is logically separated into two distinct components the network ID and the host ID The network ID is used to identify the subnet upon which the host resides The host ID is used to identify the host itself within the given subnet IP addresses can be displayed in three typical formats Binary notation Binary notation is the format that systems on the network use to process the address An example of 8 Cont Dotteddecimal notation Dotteddecimal notation is the format that is typically used for displaying the IP address in a humanreadable format An example of dotteddecimal notation is 1921681100 Figure 3 Structure of IP Address 9 Classes of IP addresses Different networks have different sizes Basically there are many small networks and few large networks To provide efficient use of 32bit address space IPv4 defined several address classes and associated address formats Class A allows 128 networks 16 million hosts each The IP address start from 1000 to 127255255255 and the mask address is 255000 Class B allows 16382 networks 65534 hosts each The IP address start from 128000 to 191255255255 and the mask address is 25525500 10 Classes of IP addresses Class C allows 2 million networks 254 hosts each The IP address start from 192000 to 223255255255 and the mask address is 2552552550 Class D multicast networks The IP address start from 224000 to 239255255255 Class E reserved for future use From 240 to 255 and the 255255255255 used for broadcast to all the subnet 11 Cont One of the benefits of classful addresses is that they provide a hierarchy to the network through the use of the network ID This translates into an efficient routing environment because it is easy for a router to determine what networks can be grouped together and treated as a single routing entry 12 Strategies to Conserve Addresses Several strategies have been developed and implemented to help the Internet community on how provides a good managing of IP addresses These strategies help reduce the load on Internet routers and help administrators use globally unique IP addresses more efficiently There are two common strategies which are Private Addressing Classless InterDomain Routing CIDR 13 Private Address It means If the internetwork is limited to one organization the IP addresses need only be unique within that organization Only networks that interface with public networks such as the Internet need public addresses Using public addresses on the outside and private addresses for inside networks is very effective Private AddressesRFC1918 designates three ranges of IP addresses as private 10000 through 10255255255 1721600 through 17231255255 19216800 through 192168255255 14 Cont 15 Cont There are two ways to convert the private address to public address Network Address Translation NAT This technique has been used to convert the private address to public address the NAT allowing us to access the internet and get services The basic idea is that technique used pool of public addresses and assign for each private address one public address Thus this way is inefficient due to the fact that there are cost and delay associated with this operation The table and the figure below show how the NAT make the mapping 1 Private Address 1926851 1926852 1926853 Public 16 Cont 2 Port Address Translation PAT Its another technique used to convert the private address to public During PAT each computer on LAN is translated to the same IP address public but with a different port number assignment This way is much better than the NAT because we can use one public address to translate any private address therefore we saved the cost The table below shows the process of the PAT Private Address Port address Public Address Port Number 1926813 50133 200012 1 1926815 63887 200012 2 The port address will be any random number in the allowed range 17 Addressing without Subnets If we have a class B with a Flat Network the number of host will be more than 21665536 hosts So the problem is here that managing this network with this number of host is too tricky and the performance of this network will get down because of the heavy load In other word any single broadcast can slowdown the network Therefore the solution is the subnetting Subnetting means divide or separate the single network into multiple networks that can reduce the loading from one network The advantage of using subnetting is1 Reduce the traffic and the 18 Subnetting As the number of distinct local networks grows managing them become a serious headache Every time a new network is installed the system administrator must contact NIC to get a new network number The solution to the problem is to allow a network to be split into several independent parts for internal use but still act like a single network to the outside world In the internet literature these parts are called subnets 19 Subnet masks A mask is a 32bit binary number that is expressed in dotted decimal notation By default a mask contains two fields host field These correspond to the network administered part of the network address subnets they are adjusting the way they view Default masks for classful addressing the network field and the number and the locally When an administrator the IP address Table 1 20 Cont Routers and hosts still assume class subnet masks by default Class A Class B Class C 8 16 24 255000 25525500 2552552550 The figure below gives an example to class C mask address The first three octets represent the network part and the last octet represent the host part 21 Cont There three important things that should be taken into our account when we thinking about subnetting1 Network address the first one 2 Broadcast address the last one 3 Host addresses everything in between As well as to find the number of hosts per subnet We can use formal 2x 2 where x is the number of unmasked bits 0s 22 Cont 23 Reserved and Restricted Addresses In any subnet there are certain addresses that can not be assigned to an individual device because they have a special purpose The subnet address is the first address in a range that identifies the subnet The broadcast address is the last address in the range and all hosts on the subnet receive traffic if anything is sent to it Assume that a subnet address is 1723190 with a mask of 2552552550 The subnet address is 1723190 and the broadcast address is 172319255 24 Classless InterDomain Routing CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing CIDR is a method for assigning IP addresses without using the standard IP address classes like Class A Class B or Class C In CIDR an IP address is represented as ABCD n where n is called the IP prefix or network prefix The IP prefix identifies the number of significant bits used to identify a network Example 192920522 18 means the first 18 bits are used to represent the network and the remaining 14 bits are used to identify hosts 25 Its basically the method that ISPs Internet Service Providers use to allocate an amount of addresses to a company a homea customer They provide addresses in a certain block size When you receive a block of addresses from an ISP what you get will look something like this 192168103228 This is telling you what your subnet mask is The slash notation means how many bits are turned on 1s The Class A default subnet mask which is 255000 This means that the first byte of the subnet mask is all ones 1s or 11111111 When referring to a slash notation 26 Subnetting Class C Addresses In a Class C address only 8 bits are available for defining the hosts that subnet bits start at the left and go to the right without skipping bits This means that the only Class C subnet masks can be the following The Fast Way Method Subnetting a Class C Address start by using the second subnet mask available with a Class C address which borrows 2 bits for subnetting 192 11000000 The 1s represent the subnet bits and the 0s represent the host bits available in each subnet 192 provides 2 bits for subnetting and 27 Subnetting Class B Addresses Class B subnet masks first Notice that we have a lot more possible subnet masks than we do with a Class C network We know the Class B network address has 16 bits available for host addressing This means we can use up to 14 bits for subnetting because we have to leave at least 2 bits for host addressing The process of subnetting a Class B network is pretty much the same as it is for a Class C except that you just have more host bits Use the same subnet numbers for the third 28 Example 2552551920 18 1721600 Network address 2552551920 Subnet mask 29 Subnetting Class A Addresses Class A subnetting is not performed any differently from Classes B and C but there are 24 bits to play with instead of the 16 in a Class B address and the 8 in a Class C address Lets start by listing all the Class A subnets You must leave at least 2 bits for defining hosts And I hope you can see the pattern by now Remember were going to do this the same way as a Class B or C subnet 30 Address Blocks To overcome address depletion and give more organizations access to the Internet classless addressing was designed and implemented In this scheme there are no classes but the addresses are still granted in blocks In classless addressing when an entity small or large needs to be connected to the Internet it is granted a block range of addresses The size of the block the number of addresses varies based on the nature and size of the entity For example a household may be given only two addresses a large organization may be given thousands of addresses An ISP as 31 Cont We can see that the restrictions are applied to this block The addresses are contiguous The number 2 of addresses is a power of 4 16 and the first address is divisible by 16 The first address when converted to a decimal number is 3440387360 which when divided by 16 results in 215024210 32 To convert a binary number to decimal we use the weights We multiply each symbol byits weight and add all the weighted results Figure bellow show how we can change binary 1001110to its decimalequivalent78 33 Mask and Address Blocks In IPv4 addressing a block of addresses can be defined as xyzt n in which xyzt defines one of the addresses and the n defines the mask The first address in the block can be found by setting the rightmost 32 n bits to 0s The last address in the block can be found by setting the rightmost 32 n bits to 1s The number of addresses in the block can be found by using the formula 232n 34 Mask and Address Blocks Example 20516373928 The binary representation is 1100110 00010000 00100101 00100111 If we set 32 28 rightmost bits to 0 we get 11001101 00010000 00100101 00100000 205163732 First address If we set 32 28 rightmost bits to 1 we get 11001101 00010000 00100101 00101111 205163747 Last address The value of n is 28 which means that number of addresses is 23228 or 16 35 Cont Another way to find the first address the last address and the number of addresses is to represent the mask as a 32bit binary or 8digit hexadecimal number This is particularly useful when we are writing a program to find these pieces of information Example 20516373928 can be represented as 11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000 twentyeight 1s and four 0s Find a The first address b The last address c The number of addresses 36 Cont 37 Network Addresses A very important concept in IP addressing is the network address When an organization is given a block of addresses the organization is free to allocate the addresses to the devices that need to be connected to the Internet The first address in the class however is normally not always treated as a special address The first address is called the network address and defines the organization network It defines the organization itself to the rest of the world As well as we will see that the first address is the one that is used by routers to 38 TwoLevel Hierarchy No Subnetting An IP address can define only two levels of hierarchy when not subnetted The n left most bits of the address xyztJn define the network organization network the 32 n Rightmost bits define the particular host computer or router to the network The two common terms are prefix and suffix The part of the address that defines the network is called the prefix 39 ThreeLevels of Hierarchy Subnetting An organization that is granted a large block of addresses may want to create clusters of networks called subnets and divide the addresses between the different subnets The rest of the world still sees the organization as one entity However internally there are several subnets All messages are sent to the router address that connects the organization to the rest of the Internet the router routes the message to the appropriate subnets The organization however needs to create small subblocks of addresses each assigned to specific subnets The organization has its own mask each subnet must 40 Example 4 An organization has purchased the Class C Address 2162150 and would like to use it to address the following 5 networks 41 Cont 42 Cont Third Use increment to find the network ranges No Subnet address First valid address Last valid Address Broadcast address 1 2162150 2162151 21621530 21621531 2 21621532 21621533 21621562 21621563 3 21621564 21621565 21621594 21621595 4 21621596 21621597 216215126 216215127 5 216215128 216215129 216215158 216215159 6 216215160 216215161 216215190 216215191 7 216215192 216215193 216215222 216215223 8 216215224 216215225 216215254 216215255 43 Cont 2162153362 216215130 216215129158 21621597126 2162156594 44 Example 5 45 Example 6 46 Example 7 47 128 48 Number of granted address 65534 Number of allocated address 40960 Number of available address 24574 49 Example 8 An organization has purchased the Class C Address 1955200 and would to create networks of 50 hosts each 50 Cont Third Use increment to find the network ranges No Subnet First valid address Last valid address Broadcast Address 1 1955200 1955201 19552062 19552063 2 19552064 19552065 195520126 195520127 3 195520128 195520129 195520190 195520191 4 195520192 195520193 195520254 195520255 51 Example 9 Example An organization has purchased the Class A Address 10000 and would to create networks of 100 hosts each 52 Cont No Subnet First valid address Last valid address Broadcast Address 1 10000 10001 1000126 1000127 2 1000128 1000129 1000254 1000255 3 10010 10011 1001126 1001127 4 1001128 1001129 1001254 1001255 53 Thank you for your attention

O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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