Convert this string to datetime duplicate Ask Question 31 2 Possible Duplicate PHP Convert uncommon date format to timestamp in most efficient manner possible How to convert this string to datetime format 06Oct2011190002 I tried this but it doesnt work s 06Oct2011190002 date strtotime s echo date dMYHis date php improve this question edited May 23 17 at 1154 Community 1 1 asked Nov 9 11 at 945 Emerald Hieu 4478 15 66 127 marked as duplicate by Gordon edorian tereško Toon Krijthe ChrisF Nov 10 11 at 918 This question has been asked before and already has an answer If those answers do not fully address your question please ask a new question 2 Answers active oldest votes 51 Use DateTimecreateFromFormat date date_create_from_format dmYHis s date getTimestamp edited Jan 11 18 at 347 Nam G VU 134k 49 156 285 answered Nov 9 11 at 950 Criss 891 8 12 3 I think you mean m not M Wobbles Aug 11 16 at 1321 1 Wobbles Nice spotted Nam G VU Jan 11 18 at 347 22 The Problem is with your code formatting inorder to use strtotime You should replace 06Oct2011190002 with 06102011 190002 and datedMYHis date with datedMY His date Note the spaces in between So the final code looks like this s 06102011 190002 date strtotime s echo date dMY His date answered Nov 9 11 at 1012 Nikhil Ben Kuruvilla 1608 2 16 34 my date format is 17 Nov 2015 0900 but it dosnt convert into strtotime karan Nov 4 15 at 1141 Not the answer youre looking for Browse other questions tagged php or ask your own question asked 7 years 2 months ago viewed 188834 times active 12 months ago Blog Adios to Winter Bash 2018 Hot Network Questions more hot questions

B O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


What

is

the

function

construct

in

JavaScript

Ask

Question

I

used

to

know

what

this

meant

but

Im

struggling

now

Is

this

basically

saying

documentonload

function

javascript

iife

improve

this

question

edited

Mar

at

Taryn

asked

Nov

at

Exitos

btw

although

you

will

see

people

calling

this

function

selfinvoking

thats

clearly

not

true

The

term

iife

has

the

advantage

of

accuracy

AakashM

Nov

at

This

gives

a

great

explanation

of

this

construct

Its

also

where

the

term

IIFE

originated

jeremysawesome

Jan

at

possible

duplicate

of

What

exactly

is

the

point

of

this

function

construct

Why

is

it

needed

Josh

Mein

Nov

at

For

the

naming

of

this

construct

also

have

a

look

here

Read

about

the

purpose

of

this

construct

and

a

technical

explanation

as

well

here

For

the

syntax

have

a

look

at

why

the

parenthesis

are

necessary

and

where

they

should

go

Bergi

Jul

at

Adrien

Be

Jul

at

show

more

comments

Answers

oldest

votes

Its

an

ImmediatelyInvoked

Function

Expression

or

IIFE

for

short

It

executes

immediately

after

its

created

It

has

nothing

to

do

with

any

eventhandler

for

any

events

such

as

documentonload

Consider

the

part

within

the

first

pair

of

parentheses

function

it

is

a

regular

function

expression

Then

look

at

the

last

pair

function

this

is

normally

added

to

an

expression

to

call

a

function

in

this

case

our

prior

expression

This

pattern

is

often

used

when

trying

to

avoid

polluting

the

global

namespace

because

all

the

variables

used

inside

the

IIFE

like

in

any

other

normal

function

are

not

visible

outside

its

scope

This

is

why

maybe

you

confused

this

construction

with

an

eventhandler

for

windowonload

because

its

often

used

as

this

function

all

your

code

here

var

foo

function

window

onload

foo

foo

is

unreachable

here

its

undefined

Correction

suggested

by

Guffa

The

function

is

executed

right

after

its

created

not

after

it

is

parsed

The

entire

script

block

is

parsed

before

any

code

in

it

is

executed

Also

parsing

code

doesnt

automatically

mean

that

its

executed

if

for

example

the

IIFE

is

inside

a

function

then

it

wont

be

executed

until

the

function

is

called

edited

Oct

at

Quentin

answered

Nov

at

In

the

above

IIFE

can

be

rewritten

using

the

arrow

function

developermozillaorgenUSdocsWebJavaScriptReference

eg

foo

foofoo

value

Gajus

Dec

at

Guffa

your

comment

is

being

discussed

here

Bill

Woodger

Jan

at

what

is

the

difference

between

the

creation

phase

and

parse

phase

akantoword

Mar

at

jlei

the

way

I

see

it

a

js

programs

life

cycle

includes

the

following

phases

parsing

creationcompilation

execution

Although

the

actual

implementation

and

naming

may

differ

from

browser

to

browser

we

can

determine

these

phases

in

our

code

by

watching

out

for

parsing

errors

hoisting

and

run

time

errors

I

personally

havent

found

many

resources

on

this

because

its

too

low

level

and

its

not

something

that

the

programmer

can

control

You

can

find

some

sort

of

explanation

in

this

SO

post

Mar

at

sam

firat

of

all

theres

the

varianle

declaration

and

the

new

keyword

This

means

that

in

your

example

you

are

instantiating

a

new

obiect

defined

by

its

constructor

anonymous

function

expression

and

its

invoked

via

the

new

operator

not

by

calling

the

finction

as

in

the

IIFE

example

Sure

that

function

acts

like

a

closure

for

its

contents

but

Its

by

far

a

different

use

case

Jan

at

show

more

comments

Its

just

an

anonymous

function

that

is

executed

right

after

its

created

Its

just

as

if

you

assigned

it

to

a

variable

and

used

it

right

after

only

without

the

variable

var

f

function

f

In

jQuery

there

is

a

similar

construct

that

you

might

be

thinking

of

function

That

is

the

short

form

of

binding

the

ready

event

document

ready

function

answered

Nov

at

Guffa

The

last

two

arent

really

IIFEs

since

theyre

invoked

when

the

DOM

is

ready

and

not

immediately

svvac

May

at

swordofpain

Yes

that

is

correct

they

are

not

IIFEs

Guffa

May

at

swordofpain

considering

the

second

snippet

would

there

be

any

value

in

add

to

the

end

of

the

function

by

turning

it

into

an

IIFE

timebandit

Jul

at

Is

the

semicolon

at

the

end

necessary

FrenkyB

Mar

at

FrenkyB

Not

necessary

no

but

encouraged

semicolons

are

frequently

not

actually

necessary

in

Javascript

but

its

good

practice

Each

of

those

are

statements

that

happen

to

include

anonymous

functions

rather

than

being

function

declarations

Ledivin

Jun

at

An

immediatelyinvoked

function

expression

IIFE

immediately

calls

a

function

This

simply

means

that

the

function

is

executed

immediately

after

the

completion

of

the

definition

Three

more

common

wordings

Crockfords

preference

parens

on

the

inside

function

console

log

Welcome

to

the

Internet

Please

follow

me

The

OPs

example

parentheses

on

the

outside

function

console

log

Welcome

to

the

Internet

Please

follow

me

Using

the

exclamation

mark

operator

function

console

log

Welcome

to

the

Internet

Please

follow

me

If

there

are

no

special

requirements

for

its

return

value

then

we

can

write

function

true

function

function

function

Alternatively

it

can

be

function

void

function

true

function

code

function

code

You

can

even

write

new

function

code

function

code

If

no

parameters

the

last

is

not

required

edited

Jun

at

The

Red

Pea

answered

May

at

令狐葱

last

one

is

invalid

syntax

cat

Mar

at

Why

are

there

so

many

ways

to

write

the

same

thing

I

dont

like

this

language

Jun

at

aaand

the

winner

is

function

Roko

C

Buljan

Mar

at

The

Crockford

preference

explanation

was

very

useful

explains

the

differences

Ive

seen

in

the

wild

eg

The

jQuery

tinypubsub

gist

switched

from

one

version

to

the

other

you

can

see

the

change

at

the

end

of

the

file

and

I

couldnt

figure

out

why

Jun

at

Glad

it

provided

different

variations

of

syntax

Itd

be

nice

like

said

if

there

were

fewer

ways

to

do

the

same

thing

but

I

suppose

many

of

these

techniques

are

code

golf

ways

of

exploiting

operators

in

ways

they

arent

commonly

used

often

to

minimize

amount

of

code

The

Red

Pea

Jun

at

show

more

comments

It

declares

an

anonymous

function

then

calls

it

function

anonymous

function

console

log

arg

edited

Mar

at

answered

Nov

at

solendil

I

guess

arguments

are

outer

variables

that

are

referenced

as

arg

to

be

used

in

local

context

within

function

Dalibor

Mar

at

Dalibor

arguments

is

special

my

guess

is

the

answerer

just

flipped

where

the

names

go

cat

Mar

at

add

a

comment

That

is

saying

execute

immediately

so

if

I

do

var

val

function

var

a

in

the

scope

of

this

function

return

function

x

a

x

return

a

alert

val

alert

val

Fiddle

httpjsfiddlenetmaniatorLqvpQ

Second

Example

var

val

function

return

alert

val

edited

Dec

at

answered

Nov

at

Neal

I

dont

get

it

what

does

that

prove

its

self

invoking

Exitos

Nov

at

Exitos

because

it

returns

that

function

Ill

give

a

second

example

Neal

Nov

at

very

easy

to

understand

Adiii

Oct

at

add

a

comment

That

construct

is

called

Immediately

Invoked

Function

Expression

IIFE

which

means

it

gets

executed

immediately

Think

of

it

as

a

function

getting

called

automatically

when

the

interpreter

reaches

that

function

Most

Common

Usecase

One

of

its

most

common

use

case

is

to

limit

the

scope

of

a

variable

made

via

var

Variables

created

via

var

have

a

scope

limited

to

a

function

so

this

construct

which

is

a

function

wrapper

around

certain

code

will

make

sure

that

your

variable

scope

doesnt

leak

out

of

that

function

In

following

example

count

will

not

be

available

outside

the

immediately

invoked

function

ie

Scope

of

count

will

not

leak

out

of

the

function

You

should

get

a

Reference

Error

should

you

try

to

access

it

outside

of

the

immediately

invoked

function

anyway

function

var

count

console

log

count

Reference

Error

count

is

not

defined

Alternative

Recommended

In

we

now

can

have

variables

created

via

let

and

const

Both

of

them

are

blockscoped

unlike

var

which

is

a

functionscoped

Therefore

instead

of

using

that

complex

construct

of

IIFE

for

the

use

case

I

mentioned

above

you

can

now

write

much

much

simpler

code

to

make

sure

that

a

variables

scope

does

not

leak

out

of

your

desired

block

let

count

console

log

count

Reference

Error

count

is

not

defined

In

this

example

we

used

let

to

define

a

count

variable

which

makes

count

limited

to

the

block

of

code

we

created

with

the

curly

brackets

I

call

it

a

Curly

Jail

edited

Mar

at

answered

Oct

at

Undefined

I

like

the

Curly

Jail

naming

Maybe

it

will

stick

Feb

at

add

a

comment

function

This

is

called

IIFE

Immediately

Invoked

Function

Expression

One

of

the

famous

javascript

design

pattern

and

it

is

the

heart

and

soul

of

modern

day

Module

pattern

As

the

name

suggests

it

executes

immediately

after

it

is

created

This

pattern

creates

an

isolated

or

the

private

scope

of

execution

JavaScript

prior

to

ECMAScript

using

lexical

scoping

IIFE

is

used

for

simulating

the

block

scoping

With

ECMAScript

block

scoping

is

possible

with

introduction

of

let

and

const

keyword

Reference

for

issue

with

lexical

scoping

Simulate

block

scoping

with

IIFE

The

Performance

benefit

of

using

IIFEs

is

the

ability

to

pass

commonly

used

global

objects

like

window

document

etc

As

an

argument

by

reducing

the

scope

lookupRemember

Javascript

looks

for

property

in

a

local

scope

and

way

up

chaining

till

global

scope

So

accessing

global

objects

in

local

scope

reduce

the

lookup

time

like

below

function

globalObj

Access

the

globalObj

window

edited

Mar

at

answered

May

at

Gurucharan

M

K

Thank

you

for

providing

gist

to

understand

second

parenthesis

in

IIFE

Also

for

clarifying

lookup

time

benefit

of

global

variable

by

defining

them

in

definition

Arsal

Apr

at

add

a

comment

No

this

construct

just

creates

a

scope

for

naming

If

you

break

it

in

parts

you

can

see

that

you

have

an

external

That

is

a

function

invocation

Inside

the

parenthesis

you

have

function

That

is

an

anonymous

function

Everything

that

is

declared

with

var

inside

the

construct

will

be

visible

only

inside

the

same

construct

and

will

not

pollute

the

global

namespace

answered

Nov

at

Aldo

Stracquadanio

add

a

comment

This

is

an

Immediately

Invoked

Function

Expression

in

Javascript

To

understand

IIFE

in

JS

lets

break

it

down

Expression

Something

that

returns

a

value

Example

Try

out

following

in

chrome

console

These

are

expressions

in

JS

a

output

output

Function

Expression

Example

Function

Expression

var

greet

function

name

return

Namaste

name

greet

Santosh

How

function

expression

works

When

JS

engine

runs

for

the

first

time

Execution

Context

Create

Phase

this

function

on

the

right

side

of

above

does

not

get

executed

or

stored

in

the

memory

Variable

greet

is

assigned

undefined

value

by

the

JS

engine

During

execution

Execution

Context

Execute

phase

the

funtion

object

is

created

on

the

fly

its

not

executed

yet

gets

assigned

to

greet

variable

and

it

can

be

invoked

using

greetsomename

Immediately

Invoked

Funtion

Expression

Example

IIFE

var

greeting

function

name

return

Namaste

name

Santosh

console

log

greeting

Namaste

Santosh

How

IIFE

works

Notice

the

immediately

after

the

function

declaration

Every

funtion

object

has

a

CODE

property

attached

to

it

which

is

callable

And

we

can

call

it

or

invoke

it

using

braces

So

here

during

the

execution

Execution

Context

Execute

Phase

the

function

object

is

created

and

its

executed

at

the

same

time

So

now

the

greeting

variable

instead

of

having

the

funtion

object

has

its

return

value

a

string

Typical

usecase

of

IIFE

in

JS

The

following

IIFE

pattern

is

quite

commonly

used

IIFE

Spelling

of

Function

was

not

correct

result

into

error

function

name

var

greeting

Namaste

console

log

greeting

name

Santosh

we

are

doing

two

things

over

here

a

Wrapping

our

function

expression

inside

braces

This

goes

to

tell

the

syntax

parser

the

whatever

placed

inside

the

is

an

expression

function

expression

in

this

case

and

is

a

valid

code

b

We

are

invoking

this

funtion

at

the

same

time

using

the

at

the

end

of

it

So

this

function

gets

created

and

executed

at

the

same

time

IIFE

Important

usecase

for

IIFE

IIFE

keeps

our

code

safe

IIFE

being

a

function

has

its

own

execution

context

meaning

all

the

variables

created

inside

it

are

local

to

this

function

and

are

not

shared

with

the

global

execution

context

Suppose

Ive

another

JS

file

used

in

my

applicaiton

along

with

iifejs

see

below

var

greeting

Hello

iifejs

Spelling

of

Function

was

not

correct

result

into

error

function

name

var

greeting

Namaste

console

log

greeting

name

Santosh

console

log

greeting

No

collision

happens

here

It

prints

Hello

So

IIFE

helps

us

to

write

safe

code

where

we

are

not

colliding

with

the

global

objects

unintentionally

edited

Jun

at

Hina

Khuman

answered

May

at

Santosh

Pillai

If

we

create

functions

inside

IIFE

how

can

we

access

them

in

some

other

js

or

jsx

file

ie

in

react

component

stone

rock

Jun

at

Even

though

we

didnt

use

IIFE

the

greeting

variable

will

not

collide

on

the

global

greeting

variable

So

what

is

the

advantage

there

Willy

David

Jr

Sep

at

add

a

comment

That

is

a

selfinvoking

anonymous

function

Check

out

the

explanation

of

a

selfinvoking

function

Function

expressions

can

be

made

selfinvoking

A

selfinvoking

expression

is

invoked

started

automatically

without

being

called

Function

expressions

will

execute

automatically

if

the

expression

is

followed

by

You

can

not

selfinvoke

a

function

declaration

edited

May

at

SiggyF

answered

Nov

at

James

Hill

function

namedconsolelogHello

selfexecuting

named

function

bryc

Aug

at

bryc

why

would

you

gonna

name

a

function

that

doesnt

need

a

name

RicardoGonzales

Jun

at

RicardoGonzales

Recursion

I

guess

bryc

Jun

at

add

a

comment

This

is

the

selfinvoking

anonymous

function

It

is

executed

while

it

is

defined

Which

means

this

function

is

defined

and

invokes

itself

immediate

after

the

definition

And

the

explanation

of

the

syntax

is

The

function

within

the

first

parenthesis

is

the

function

which

has

no

name

and

by

the

next

parenthesis

you

can

understand

that

it

is

called

at

the

time

it

is

defined

And

you

can

pass

any

argument

in

this

second

parenthesis

which

will

be

grabbed

in

the

function

which

is

in

the

first

parenthesis

See

this

example

function

obj

Do

something

with

this

obj

object

Here

the

object

you

are

passing

will

be

accessible

within

the

function

by

obj

as

you

are

grabbing

it

in

the

function

signature

edited

Jan

at

Peter

Mortensen

answered

Mar

at

Md

Mahbubul

Haque

This

question

already

has

an

accepted

answer

and

your

answer

does

not

add

anything

that

has

not

already

been

covered

by

the

accepted

answer

Hence

there

was

absolutely

no

need

to

write

this

answer

Aadit

M

Shah

Mar

at

I

like

reading

multiple

answers

sometimes

the

phrasing

of

one

or

the

other

makes

a

difference

May

at

I

thought

it

added

because

it

let

me

know

what

that

second

set

of

parenthesis

were

for

At

least

it

was

clearer

here

that

I

saw

johnny

Nov

at

My

fav

ans

Both

ends

of

the

sample

IIFE

have

parameters

and

the

mapping

between

the

two

is

made

plain

Stephen

W

Wright

Mar

at

add

a

comment

Selfexecuting

anonymous

function

Its

executed

as

soon

as

it

is

created

One

short

and

dummy

example

where

this

is

useful

is

function

prepareList

el

var

list

function

var

l

for

var

i

i

i

l

push

i

return

l

return

function

el

for

var

i

l

list

length

i

l

i

if

list

i

el

return

list

i

return

var

search

prepareList

search

search

So

instead

of

creating

a

list

each

time

you

create

it

only

once

less

overhead

edited

Oct

at

answered

Nov

at

usoban

As

written

your

search

rebuilds

the

list

on

each

invocation

To

avoid

that

you

need

to

make

the

list

and

return

the

search

function

as

a

closure

having

access

to

the

list

you

just

made

This

you

can

do

easily

using

the

anonymous

selfinvoking

form

See

George

Sep

at

can

you

explainless

overhead

i

dint

understand

this

part

JETHALAL

Nov

at

Overhead

mean

any

work

performed

that

is

not

necessary

Populating

an

array

on

each

function

invocation

is

not

necessary

thats

why

an

array

in

the

example

is

populated

by

selfexec

anonymous

function

for

the

first

time

only

However

it

seem

Ive

made

a

mistake

in

my

own

answer

see

the

link

in

Georges

comment

for

a

proper

example

usoban

Nov

at

add

a

comment

Selfexecuting

functions

are

typically

used

to

encapsulate

context

and

avoid

name

collusions

Any

variable

that

you

define

inside

the

function

are

not

global

The

code

var

var

myVar

function

var

console

log

console

log

produces

this

output

By

using

this

syntax

you

avoid

colliding

with

global

variables

declared

elsewhere

in

your

JavaScript

code

edited

Jan

at

Peter

Mortensen

answered

May

at

Daniel

Correct

the

output

would

be

and

then

because

myVar

would

be

run

first

Dalibor

Mar

at

Your

explanation

does

well

in

explaining

function

scope

but

falls

short

in

explaining

why

it

is

executed

immediately

Assigning

it

to

a

variable

is

self

defeating

and

may

also

intend

that

it

can

be

executed

more

than

once

var

var

myVar

function

var

myVar

Would

have

the

same

result

domenicr

Apr

at

add

a

comment

Start

here

var

b

bee

console

log

b

global

Put

it

in

a

function

and

it

is

no

longer

global

your

primary

goal

function

a

var

b

bee

console

log

b

a

console

log

b

ReferenceError

b

is

not

defined

as

desired

Call

the

function

immediately

oops

function

a

var

b

bee

console

log

b

SyntaxError

Expected

to

start

arrow

function

but

got

instead

of

Use

the

parentheses

to

avoid

a

syntax

error

function

a

var

b

bee

console

log

b

OK

now

You

can

leave

off

the

function

name

function

no

name

required

var

b

bee

console

log

b

It

doesnt

need

to

be

any

more

complicated

than

that

edited

Dec

at

Shashank

Gaurav

answered

Feb

at

Jim

Flood

The

syntax

error

is

talking

about

arrow

functions

As

I

understand

it

is

a

new

feature

of

js

and

it

didnt

exists

some

years

ago

but

the

IIFE

did

So

the

parenthesis

probably

were

used

originally

to

avoid

a

syntax

error

but

a

different

JCarlos

Jul

at

Could

you

please

answer

JCarlos

question

As

he

quite

rightly

points

out

that

the

IIFE

came

a

lot

before

the

arrow

function

it

would

help

understand

why

the

wrapping

is

required

Aug

at

I

dont

have

an

answer

to

JCarlos

question

in

the

comment

You

could

formulate

a

new

question

and

post

it

and

Im

sure

you

will

get

some

good

answers

Jim

Flood

Aug

at

JCarlos

when

I

execute

the

one

which

throws

the

error

I

actually

get

Uncaught

SyntaxError

Unexpected

token

rather

than

any

mention

of

arrow

function

Could

you

possibly

share

a

fiddle

with

it

throwing

the

arrow

function

error

Aug

at

add

a

comment

IIFE

Immediately

invoked

function

expression

is

a

function

which

executes

as

soon

as

the

script

loads

and

goes

away

Consider

the

function

below

written

in

a

file

named

iifejs

function

console

log

Hello

Stackoverflow

This

code

above

will

execute

as

soon

as

you

load

iifejs

and

will

print

Hello

Stackoverflow

on

the

developer

tools

console

For

a

Detailed

explanation

see

ImmediatelyInvoked

Function

Expression

IIFE

edited

Jan

at

clearlight

answered

Jan

at

bpjoshi

add

a

comment

One

more

use

case

is

memoization

where

a

cache

object

is

not

global

var

calculate

function

var

cache

return

function

a

if

cache

a

return

cache

a

else

Calculate

heavy

operation

cache

a

heavyOperation

a

return

cache

a

edited

Dec

at

Peter

Mortensen

answered

Aug

at

Shishir

Arora

add

a

comment

This

an

anonymous

function

which

is

self

invoking

Commonly

known

as

an

Immediatly

invoked

Function

Expression

IIFE

edited

May

at

Community

answered

Nov

at

KeithAbramo

add

a

comment

An

immediately

invoked

function

expression

IIFE

is

a

function

thats

executed

as

soon

as

its

created

It

has

no

connection

with

any

events

or

asynchronous

execution

You

can

define

an

IIFE

as

shown

below

function

all

your

code

here

The

first

pair

of

parentheses

function

converts

the

code

inside

the

parentheses

into

an

expressionThe

second

pair

of

parentheses

calls

the

function

resulting

from

the

expression

An

IIFE

can

also

be

described

as

a

selfinvoking

anonymous

function

Its

most

common

usage

is

to

limit

the

scope

of

a

variable

made

via

var

or

to

encapsulate

context

to

avoid

name

collisions

answered

Jul

at

abdulbarik

add

a

comment

I

think

the

sets

of

brackets

makes

it

a

bit

confusing

but

I

saw

another

usage

in

googles

example

they

used

something

similar

I

hope

this

will

help

you

understand

better

var

app

window

app

window

app

console

log

app

console

log

window

app

so

if

windowsapp

is

not

defined

then

windowapp

is

immediately

executed

so

windowapp

is

assigned

with

during

the

condition

evaluation

so

the

result

is

both

app

and

windowapp

now

become

so

console

output

is

Object

Object

answered

Mar

at

James

Lin

add

a

comment

The

reason

selfevoking

anonymous

functions

are

used

is

they

should

never

be

called

by

other

code

since

they

set

up

the

code

which

IS

meant

to

be

called

along

with

giving

scope

to

functions

and

variables

In

other

words

they

are

like

programs

that

make

classes

at

the

beginning

of

program

After

they

are

instantiated

automatically

the

only

functions

that

are

available

are

the

ones

returned

in

by

the

anonymous

function

However

all

the

other

hidden

functions

are

still

there

along

with

any

state

variables

set

during

scope

creation

Very

cool

edited

Dec

at

Peter

Mortensen

answered

Nov

at

add

a

comment

Usually

we

dont

invoke

a

function

immediately

after

we

write

it

in

the

program

In

extremely

simple

terms

when

you

call

a

function

right

after

its

creation

it

is

called

IIFE

a

fancy

name

answered

Jul

at

KawaiKx

add

a

comment

The

following

code

function

is

called

an

immediately

invoked

function

expression

IIFE

It

is

called

a

function

expression

because

the

yourcode

operator

in

Javascript

force

it

into

an

expression

The

difference

between

a

function

expression

and

a

function

declaration

is

the

following

declaration

function

declaredFunction

expressions

storing

function

into

variable

const

expressedFunction

function

Using

operator

which

transforms

the

function

into

an

expression

function

An

expression

is

simply

a

bunch

of

code

which

can

be

evaluated

to

a

single

value

In

case

of

the

expressions

in

the

above

example

this

value

was

a

single

function

object

After

we

have

an

expression

which

evaluates

to

a

function

object

we

then

can

immediately

invoke

the

function

object

with

the

operator

For

example

function

const

foo

all

variables

inside

here

are

scoped

to

the

function

block

console

log

foo

console

log

foo

referenceError

foo

is

scoped

to

the

IIFE

Run

code

snippet

Why

is

this

useful

When

we

are

dealing

with

a

large

code

base

andor

when

we

are

importing

various

libraries

the

chance

of

naming

conflicts

increases

When

we

are

writing

certain

parts

of

our

code

which

is

related

and

thus

is

using

the

same

variables

inside

an

IIFE

all

of

the

variables

and

function

names

are

scoped

to

the

function

brackets

of

the

IIFE

This

reduces

chances

of

naming

conflicts

and

lets

you

name

them

more

careless

eg

you

dont

have

to

prefix

them

answered

Sep

at

Willem

van

der

Veen

add

a

comment

Normally

JavaScript

code

has

global

scope

in

the

application

When

we

declare

global

variable

in

it

there

is

a

chance

for

using

the

same

duplicate

variable

in

some

other

area

of

the

development

for

some

other

purpose

Because

of

this

duplication

there

may

happen

some

error

So

we

can

avoid

this

global

variables

by

using

immediately

invoking

function

expression

this

expression

is

selfexecuting

expressionWhen

we

make

our

code

inside

this

IIFE

expression

global

variable

will

be

like

local

scope

and

local

variable

Two

ways

we

can

create

IIFE

function

use

strict

var

app

angular

module

myModule

OR

function

use

strict

var

app

angular

module

myModule

In

the

code

snippet

above

var

app

is

a

local

variable

now

edited

Nov

at

Pang

answered

Apr

at

Rinoy

Ashokan

add

a

comment

protected

by

Pankaj

Parkar

Sep

at

Thank

you

for

your

interest

in

this

question

Because

it

has

attracted

lowquality

or

spam

answers

that

had

to

be

removed

posting

an

answer

now

requires

reputation

on

this

site

the

association

bonus

does

not

count

Would

you

like

to

answer

one

of

these

unanswered

questions

instead

Not

the

answer

youre

looking

for

Browse

other

questions

tagged

javascript

iife

or

ask

your

own

question

asked

years

month

ago

viewed

times

active

month

ago

Blog

Adios

to

Winter

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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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What does the fpermissive flag do Ask Question 102 14 Im just wondering what the fpermissive flag does in the g compiler I am getting error taking address of temporary fpermissive which I can solve by giving the fpermissive flag to the compiler EDIT I just found what was causing the temporary address error part Im going to fix that part right now c gcc compileroptions improve this question edited Feb 3 17 at 1613 Sᴀᴍ Onᴇᴌᴀ 6551 8 21 42 asked Jan 12 12 at 2321 GradGuy 2801 5 27 41 4 Answers active votes 124 Right from the docs fpermissive Downgrade some diagnostics about nonconformant code from errors to warnings Thus using fpermissive will allow some nonconforming code to compile Bottom line dont use it unless you know what you are doing edited Jan 12 12 at 2325 R Martinho Fernandes 161k 55 377 468 answered Jan 12 12 at 2324 cli_hlt 6276 2 21 22 42 The fpermissive flag causes the compiler to report some things that are actually errors but are permitted by some compilers as warnings to permit code to compile even if it doesnt conform to the language rules You really should fix the underlying problem Post the smallest compilable code sample that demonstrates the problem fpermissive Downgrade some diagnostics about nonconformant code from errors to warnings Thus using fpermissive will allow some nonconforming code to compile edited Feb 3 17 at 1614 sam 3707 3 21 37 answered Jan 12 12 at 2324 David Schwartz 136k 14 142 223 14 When youve written something that isnt allowed by the language standard and therefore cant really be welldefined behaviour which is reason enough to not do it but happens to map to some kind of executable if fed naïvely to the compiling engine then fpermissive will do just that instead of stopping with this error message In some cases the program will then behave exactly as you originally intended but you definitely shouldnt rely on it unless you have some very special reason not to use some other solution edited Jan 12 12 at 2345 answered Jan 12 12 at 2332 leftaroundabout 79k 3 117 233 1 Something that isnt allowed by the language standard can still be well defined In fact almost every compiler has well defined extensions Not saying this is the case with with all instances of permissive though MikeMB Jul 17 17 at 643 6 If you want a realworld use case for this try compiling a very old version of X Windows say either XFree86 or XOrg from aboout 2004 right around the split using a modern cough version of gcc such as 493 Youll notice the build CFLAGS specify both ansi and pedantic In theory this means blow up if anything even slightly violates the language spec In practice the 3x series of gcc didnt catch very much of that kind of stuff and building it with 493 will leave a smoking hole in the ground unless you set CFLAGS and BOOTSTRAPCFLAGS to fpermissive Using that flag most of those C files will actually build leaving you free to move on to the versiondependent wreckage the lexer will generate answered Jul 29 16 at 514 breakpoint 331 2 11 Not the answer youre looking for Browse other questions tagged c gcc compileroptions or ask your own question asked 6 years 11 months ago viewed 142373 times active 1 year 5 months ago Blog Adios to Winter Bash 2018 question feed

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


The Top 50 Players in the NBA For 20182019 96k shares tweet email By Bobby Burack July 16 2018 800 pm ET Follow burackbobby_ There is no sport more reliant on its players than the NBA Coming off this past NBA season leading into the 2019 season here are the 50 best players ranked 150 The ranking is based off a combination of where the players were at the end of this past season and where they project heading into next The list is NOT projecting where a player will be at the conclusion of the 201819 season 1 LeBron James The gap between LeBron James and Kevin Durant narrowed some but not nearly enough If any one player was swapped with LeBron last season the Cavs would have been eliminated in April No player impacts the game changes a franchise sways a season like LeBron If one says LeBron James is not the best player in the NBA right now remove them off SnapchatTwitterInstagram 2 Kevin Durant Kevin Durant still needs to prove he can win a championship without the Warriors to be considered a Top 10 player of alltime but he has proven he can be in the discussion Durant is the most unstoppable offensive force of the past decade and now has a defensive game to make things cruel He may be petty but he can ball with the best of them 3 Kawhi Leonard When last seen full healthy Kawhi Leonard was leading the charge for three quarters demolishing a team that ended up going 161 in the playoffs Leonard is the best twoway player in the NBA can lock down the leagues best score in the biggest moments and will alienate the doubters once he is free from the Spurs 4 Anthony Davis Anthony Davis gets better by the year but now there isnt much better for him to get Davis can change a game below the rim outside the paint with the ball in his hand and with his hand on the ball of a shooter Tim Duncan s reign as the greatest Power Forward of alltime could be in jeopardy at some point 5 Steph Curry He may not have won the Finals MVP or be the best player on his team but he is special The best shooter in the history of the game is three possessions away from blowing any game anywhere wide open No lead is safe when facing Steph Curry like ever Curry is a 2time MVP and the only unanimous one in NBA history At the time of the seasons conclusion Curry was playing like the third best player in the sport but dont be fooled Curry has never been able to impact the game on both ends of the floor like Leonard and Davis 1 2 6 96k shares tweet email From The Web Comments Follow The Big Lead Social See Big Lead stories in your feed Like The Big Lead Follow The Big Lead Podcast Hear Big Lead writers out loud The Roundup 123 shares Roundup Apple Crushed in China Alexandria OcasioCortez vs Nancy Pelosi 2019 Coachella Lineup About TheBigLead and Big Lead Sports Privacy NoticeYour California Privacy Rights Terms of Service Ad Choices Powered by WordPresscom VIP More Information

O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


How to File a DBA in Texas 3 Simple Steps Home Business Formation Guides How to File a DBA How to File a DBA in Texas How To Use This Guide Use the guide below to file a DBA or have a professional service do it for you LegalZoom 99 state fee for the most popular DBA filing service available CorpNet 108 state fee for a more personalized DBA filing service Step 1 Get A Copy Of The Assumed Name Certificate If you havent already done so head on over to the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts to make sure your brand name isnt taken by or too similar to another registered Texas business Then get your hands on Form 503 the Assumed Name Certificate This form is available for download on the Texas Secretary of State website but you can also visit the County Clerks office to obtain a copy inperson Step 2 Complete The Assumed Name Certificate After obtaining a copy of the Assumed Name Certificate read through the form instructions pages 1 3 When youre ready to fill out the form the following information will be required Assumed name to be used Legal name of the business entity Structure of the business entity and file number Jurisdiction of formation Registered office address Period of duration Counties where the assumed name will be used Step 3 Submit The Assumed Name Certificate After doublechecking that all the entries on your Assumed Name Certificate are correct have the form notarized by a Texas notary public Make sure to keep a duplicate copy for your records Finally when youre ready submit your completed Assumed Name Certificate to the address provided on the form Filing Fee 25 Need Help Filing Your DBA If youd like professional help filing your Texas DBA feel free to read our reviews of the two most popular services available LegalZoom Filing Review Pricing starts at 99 state fee Best if youre looking for the most popular DBA filing service available CorpNet Filing Review Pricing starts at 108 state fee Best if youre looking for great customer service

O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


strtrim base R Documentation Trim Character Strings to Specified Display Widths Description Trim character strings to specified display widths Usage strtrimx width Arguments x a character vector or an object which can be coerced to a character vector by ascharacter width Positive integer values recycled to the length of x Details Width is interpreted as the display width in a monospaced font What happens with nonprintable characters such as backspace tab is implementationdependent and may depend on the locale eg they may be included in the count or they may be omitted Using this function rather than substr is important when there might be doublewidth eg ChineseJapaneseKorean characters in the character vector Value A character vector of the same length and with the same attributes as x after possible coercion Elements of the result will have the encoding declared as that of the current locale see Encoding if the corresponding input had a declared encoding and the current locale is either Latin1 or UTF8 Examples strtrimcabcdef abcdef abcdef c1510 Package base version 360

O O O O O B I O B I I O O B I O B I I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

character strings
specified display widths
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FindLaw Learn About The Law State Laws Illinois Law Illinois First Degree Murder Laws Illinois First Degree Murder Laws First degree murder is the most serious of the homicide crimes in Illinois In order to prove first degree murder a prosecutor must establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant killed an individual without lawful justification and either Intended to kill or do great bodily harm or knew that the act would do so or Knew that the act created a strong probability of causing death or great bodily harm or Was attempting or committed a forcible felony other than second degree murder ie rape Illinois first degree murder laws treat the offense as a very serious crime The penalties involved are based on who the victim was and the circumstances surrounding the crime Oftentimes in murder cases courts will request a separate sentencing hearing where they can consider any aggravating and mitigating factors to determine what the appropriate penalties should be based on the circumstances of the crime Illinois First Degree Murder Laws at a Glance The following table highlights the main provisions of Illinoiss First Degree Murder statute Statutes Illinois Statutes Section 591 first degree murder Penalties and Sentencing Illinois is no longer a death penalty state so the maximum punishment for first degree murder is life imprisonment Before it was repealed in 2011 punishment in a capital murder case would be determined at a sentencing hearing during which the judge would hear evidence on aggravating and mitigating factors Aggravating factors included such things as the victims age or status as a law enforcement or correctional official or if torture was involved Mitigating factors included such things as the defendants mental status or intoxication during the homicide At a sentencing hearing for capital punishment a jury would have to unanimously agree that the death penalty should be recommended after weighing all aggravating and mitigating factors If there was not a unanimous decision the court would sentence the defendant to a term of imprisonment based on the circumstances of the case Even if the jury unanimously recommended the death penalty the court could still overturn the recommendation with a written explanation as to why it could not recommend death in a case Defenses Defenses include Lack of intent Lack of knowledge Insanity Intoxication Selfdefense Note If none of the criteria are met for first degree murder the defendant may still be found guilty of a lesser murder charge See First Degree Murder Defenses for more information Note State laws are always subject to change through the passage of new legislation rulings in the higher courts including federal decisions ballot initiatives and other means While we strive to provide the most current information available please consult an attorney or conduct your own legal research to verify the state laws you are researching Related Resources for Illinois First Degree Murder Laws Illinois Voluntary Manslaughter Laws Illinois Second Degree Murder Laws Illinois Capital Punishment Laws Illinois Criminal Statute of Limitations Laws Charged With a Crime in Illinois Youll Probably Want Legal Help When it comes to homicide theres a wide spectrum of possible crimes and punishments ranging from a justified homicide with no penalties to first degree murder and life in prison Thats why its so important to have an expert criminal defense attorney on your side Dont delay contact an experienced Illinois defense attorney today

O O O O O O O B O B O O B I B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I B O O O B O O B I B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O


55 favorite 33 I see these terms being used and I keep getting them mixed up Is there a simple explanation of the differences between them estimation maximumlikelihood cite improve this question asked Jul 26 10 at 912 Rob Hyndman 35k 16 106 156 add a comment 2 Answers active votes 57 accepted The likelihood function usually depends on many parameters Depending on the application we are usually interested in only a subset of these parameters For example in linear regression interest typically lies in the slope coefficients and not on the error variance Denote the parameters we are interested in as and the parameters that are not of primary interest as The standard way to approach the estimation problem is to maximize the likelihood function so that we obtain estimates of and However since the primary interest lies in partial profile and marginal likelihood offer alternative ways to estimate without estimating In order to see the difference denote the standard likelihood by Maximum Likelihood Find and that maximizes Partial Likelihood If we can write the likelihood function as Then we simply maximize Profile Likelihood If we can express as a function of then we replace with the corresponding function Say Then we maximize Marginal Likelihood We integrate out from the likelihood equation by exploiting the fact that we can identify the probability distribution of conditional on cite improve this answer edited Nov 10 at 1648 febstar 3 3 answered Jul 26 10 at 1440 user28 2 Note that the last definition here is an Integrated or Bayesian Likelihood not a Marginal Likelihood ars Jul 31 10 at 009 Is this correct in the RHS for partial likelihood L2θtheta jpalecek Jul 31 10 at 013 oops Thanks for spotting the typo Fixed it now user28 Jul 31 10 at 034 ars would you please edit the answer and provide the definition of Marginal Likelihood then Waldir Leoncio Oct 3 16 at 1706 add a comment 13 All three are used when dealing with nuisance parameters in the completely specified likelihood function The marginal likelihood is the primary method to eliminate nuisance parameters in theory Its a true likelihood function ie its proportional to the marginal probability of the observed data The partial likelihood is not a true likelihood in general However in some cases it can be treated as a likelihood for asymptotic inference For example in Cox proportional hazards models where it originated were interested in the observed rankings in the data T1 T2 without specifying the baseline hazard Efron showed that the partial likelihood loses little to no information for a variety of hazard functions The profile likelihood is convenient when we have a multidimensional likelihood function and a single parameter of interest Its specified by replacing the nuisance S by its MLE at each fixed T the parameter of interest ie LT LT ST This can work well in practice though there is a potential bias in the MLE obtained in this way the marginal likelihood corrects for this bias cite improve this answer answered Jul 27 10 at 047 ars 108k 1 29 52 add a comment Not the answer youre looking for Browse other questions tagged estimation maximumlikelihood or ask your own question

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

likelihood function
parameters
linear regression


Myths and Reality Myths are interesting stories and sometimes they even have a basis in fact But when it comes to the economy we cant afford to make decisions based on truthiness and unexplored assumptions Myths often contribute heavily to our perceptions of how the world works so its necessary to debunk the myths swirling around economic growth and the steady state economy Myth Economic growth is always desirable Reality To determine whether economic growth is desirable requires us to examine its value objectively without blindly assuming that all growth is worth pursuing Growth comes with both benefits and costs The goal is to grow the economy when the benefits are higher than the costs and to have the wisdom to stop growing when the costs catch up The economic laws of diminishing marginal utility and increasing marginal costs tell us that over time costs do catch up with benefits Myth A steady state economy is the same thing as a depression or recession the result of a failed growth economy Reality A steady state economy is not a failed growth economy An airplane is designed for forward motion If it tries to hover it crashes It is not fruitful to conceive of a helicopter as an airplane that fails to move forward It is a different thing designed to hover Likewise a steady state economy is not designed to grow Stability in a steady state economy is a healthy condition a condition that allows people to meet their needs without undermining the lifesupport systems of the planet Myth Technology and progress will grind to a halt in a steady state economy Reality A strong incentive for technological progress exists in a steady state economy because of the drive for better goods and services With stabilized material and energy inputs as would occur in a steady state economy technological progress becomes the main source of higher quality outputs Myth Failure to grow causes economic turmoil and unemployment Reality This myth is true for an economy structured for growth When consumption slows in a growth economy recession ensues But a steady state economy is precisely and intentionally structured for stability Its the stability that provides a good life for citizens and eliminates turbulent boom and bust cycles Myth A steady state economy means government by a harsh communist regime Reality A steady state economy can exist in a constitutional democracy with a commonsense mixture of markets and market regulations Market structures are employed to allocate resources efficiently but some vital decisions eg how big to grow are kept outside the market A steady state economy features a mix of private and public ownership of economic resources Myth A steady state economy means widespread poverty Reality Economic growth has not eradicated poverty The condition of having a stable and sustainable population in a steady state economy allows more resources per person The design of institutions to ensure fair distribution of wealth also provides an incomewealth floor below which no one can fall Myth A steady state economy means fewer choices and less freedom Reality In a steady state economy citizens exercise as much freedom as possible without impinging on the freedom of others Stable numbers of people consuming sustainable levels of resources means that each person has more freedom to pursue desired activities Economic institutions are designed to respect ecological limits but personal choice is maximized within that institutional framework Myth We can grow the economy continuously because we can decouple growth from resource use and waste production Reality We can achieve relative decoupling by reducing the ecological intensity per unit of economic output But to have a sustainable economy we would need to achieve absolute decoupling a situation in which resource impacts decline overall Even if we make great gains in relative decoupling which we have over the last several decades these gains can be entirely swamped by economic growth For example carbon dioxide emissions per unit of economic output have decreased But growth in economic output has led to higher absolute emissions of carbon dioxide despite increasing efficiency Myth Technological progress will allow unlimited economic growth Reality The laws of thermodynamics rule the economic production process and they tell us that regardless of technology all production requires highquality inputs and generates lowerquality outputs Thermodynamic laws also tell us that we can not achieve 100 efficiency When the limits to efficiency have been reached the only remaining way to grow the economy is by using more natural capital including energy which is limited in quantity The application or misapplication of technology also plays a role if technology isnt aimed specifically at reducing the overall use of materials and energy it wont make any headway on that front

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

myths and reality
unexplored assumptions
truthiness


Spore

General

Discussions

Jul

Fixing

the

Spore

launch

errors

and

This

has

all

been

said

Im

just

trying

to

clarify

I

hope

this

helps

everyone

The

error

is

due

to

bit

Window

registry

deleting

the

SPORE

entries

automatically

after

each

installation

and

patching

HOW

TO

FIX

SPORE

for

bit

Windows

Open

CWindowsregedit

as

administrator

You

can

do

this

by

clicking

Computer

Local

Disc

C

Then

Type

in

the

search

bar

regedit

Right

click

on

the

application

and

click

run

as

administrator

Find

ArtsSPORE

When

I

searched

this

in

the

editfind

it

returned

no

results

so

what

you

can

do

is

click

on

each

folder

individually

in

the

left

hand

panel

Go

to

then

the

Software

folder

then

the

folder

then

the

Electronics

Arts

folder

and

finally

the

Spore

folder

Now

you

may

have

multiple

Spore

Folders

you

want

the

folder

that

just

says

SPORE

NOT

SPORE

TM

Add

the

following

as

string

value

if

they

are

not

there

AppDir

SPORE

DataDir

CProgram

Files

ArtsSPOREData

InstallLoc

CProgram

Files

ArtsSPORE

PlayerDir

My

Spore

Creations

It

is

important

to

make

sure

and

add

these

strings

in

the

order

that

they

are

given

The

most

important

thing

though

is

to

direct

the

folders

to

the

right

place

I

am

specifiacally

talking

about

the

DataDir

and

InstallLoc

folders

The

string

should

direct

to

wherever

you

installed

your

game

so

the

initial

part

can

vary

you

just

need

to

find

what

yours

is

buyt

the

last

part

sill

stay

the

same

SPOREData

and

Spore

for

the

other

one

Mine

was

in

CgamesSteamappsCommonSPOREData

and

the

same

without

the

data

for

the

next

one

Dont

include

the

sign

in

the

Add

the

following

as

DWORD

value

ReIndexYesOrNo

InstallCompleted

Open

Spore

and

have

fun

Showing

of

comments

Funky

Kongs

Main

Monkey

Jul

Cant

find

Jul

Wow

i

did

exactly

what

you

said

n

you

know

it

totally

work

I

have

forgotten

about

that

game

since

i

have

change

my

pc

to

a

windows

Thanks

a

lot

Python

War

Jul

its

not

working

can

anyone

help

Angelique

Jul

not

working

for

me

either

DMan

Jul

Worked

great

Now

I

can

be

my

little

girls

hero

for

fixing

her

new

game

Thanks

The

error

is

due

to

bit

Window

registry

deleting

the

SPORE

entries

automatically

after

each

installation

and

patching

Does

this

mean

I

will

need

to

repeat

this

process

if

there

are

any

future

game

updates

or

only

if

reinstalled

DMan

Jul

I

had

to

try

a

couple

of

times

but

finally

got

everything

correct

I

always

install

to

the

default

location

so

mine

was

DataDir

CValveSteamSteamAppscommonSporeData

InstallLoc

CValveSteamSteamAppscommonSpore

The

above

were

the

only

things

missing

when

I

finally

got

into

the

right

place

hybirs

Jul

Im

REALLY

confused

by

this

do

I

add

a

string

by

right

clicking

Help

me

Jul

what

about

getting

this

to

run

or

even

install

on

after

the

download

it

gives

me

configuration

script

failed

then

could

not

find

a

needed

package

the

data

directory

is

missing

or

corrupt

are

there

any

fixes

i

have

the

same

folders

in

my

regedit

but

i

cant

even

install

it

through

steam

for

the

first

time

compatibility

mode

is

working

for

other

games

but

i

cant

even

install

this

one

Goblin

Jul

This

also

works

with

windos

just

run

the

game

in

compatiblity

mode

Gronk

Jul

Help

When

I

go

to

ArtsSPORE

all

I

find

are

Default

AppDir

Locale

and

PlayerDir

DMan

Jul

I

found

a

little

tutorial

to

show

how

to

add

the

missing

string

values

It

does

not

cover

all

steps

but

its

a

start

I

am

far

from

being

an

expert

on

this

stuff

but

will

explain

as

well

as

I

can

what

I

had

to

figure

outdont

add

the

text

from

the

video

its

just

an

example

YouTube

Video

How

to

Create

String

Value

in

your

Windows

Registry

Views

For

more

useful

registry

videos

visit

us

at

This

is

a

video

lesson

that

will

show

you

how

to

create

new

string

values

in

your

registry

Example

After

adding

DataDir

right

click

DataDir

and

select

modify

In

the

value

data

box

add

CValveSteamSteamAppscommonSporeData

The

value

data

will

not

be

the

same

in

all

cases

It

depends

on

where

you

installed

your

game

I

think

this

was

explained

well

so

just

read

the

directions

carefully

Jerichoholic

you

have

the

same

stuff

that

I

had

Just

add

the

missing

items

from

step

DataDir

IntallLoc

and

then

add

the

items

in

step

Youre

so

close

to

getting

it

fixed

Don

Juan

Jul

I

did

nearly

everthing

followed

DMANs

advice

still

didnt

work

Don

Juan

Jul

Welp

eXXoN

Jul

Dman

explained

everything

some

people

are

probably

going

to

get

it

wrong

because

of

the

part

in

the

guide

where

it

says

that

you

have

to

DataDir

CProgram

Files

ArtsSPOREData

InstallLoc

CProgram

Files

ArtsSPORE

You

have

to

change

those

locations

as

DMan

said

then

everything

will

work

completely

well

Leech

Jul

If

you

have

Bit

Windows

Do

not

go

to

ArtsSPORE

instead

go

to

ArtsSPORE

I

exported

my

registry

settings

Do

this

Copy

the

script

starting

with

Windows

Registry

Editor

to

just

below

InstalledCompleted

and

paste

it

in

to

Notepad

or

another

text

editor

Edit

the

script

to

point

to

your

installation

directory

Save

the

file

as

Sporereg

Run

the

file

Heres

a

script

to

help

out

BIT

WINDOWS

Windows

Registry

Editor

Version

ArtsSPORE

AppDirSpore

Localeenus

PlayerDirMy

Spore

Creations

DataDirCProgram

FilesSteamsteamappscommonSporeData

InstallLocCProgram

FilesSteamsteamappscommonSpore

BIT

WINDOWS

Windows

Registry

Editor

Version

ArtsSPORE

AppDirSpore

Localeenus

PlayerDirMy

Spore

Creations

DataDirCProgram

Files

InstallLocCProgram

Files

Last

edited

by

Leech

Jul

Showing

of

comments

Per

page

Spore

General

Discussions

Date

Posted

Jul

Posts

Start

a

New

Discussion

Discussions

Rules

and

Guidelines

O O O O O O O O B I I B I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fixing the spore
launch errors
2000 and 1004


Crusader Kings II General Discussions ToastOfDoom Feb 27 2015 127pm How do I get to Canarias Im new to the game and Im playing the Learning Scenario It is telling me to attack Canarias which after 10 mintutes of looking for is a small island far away Why it decided this is the best place to attack is beyond me Anyway the place is too far away I cant get my coucil guy to fabricate a claim for there so what am I supposed to do How do I get over there if its so far away Showing 1 10 of 10 comments Hadouken Feb 27 2015 142pm This is the part that made me wanted to quit the game D Are u sure u cant get your council to fabricate a claim there Because the only part I had problems was getting there Can u describe more accurate why u cant put your councilor there For example when u want to put him there the place on the map looks black Nevertheless to get there u need to raise your fleet To do so open the military tab a go to the fleet tab There u would be able to raise a fleet After that u need to get your fleet to the port of the same city where ur army is After that just click on your army and tell them to go to see where ur fleet is or press the 1 Falk0 Feb 27 2015 145pm I will need more details Who are you playing as You should be able to send your chancelllor there unless you play like in India You could raise you vassals boats if have costal provinces Anyways Ill be glad to help further when you provided me with more details 2 PingWho Feb 27 2015 200pm Better way to play as leon us to invade one of your brothers who is liked least by the others basically so they wont ally against you because you have claims on all of their land Galicia is usually easiest If you want to expand to somewhere with closer land that isnt one of your brothers go for brittany Ireland or Wales because they are all relatively weak but easy enough to get to You could go for some holy wars for some land in the south but make sure your brothers will ally with you If one holy war 3 ToastOfDoom Feb 27 2015 230pm Alright well I later found out my Council guy was busy fabricating somwhere else when I started I thought the pace right next to me was Canaria Im playing as the Leon people if its not clear yet this is like my first time running the game and all this is seriously making me regret my hasty decision to buy the full Paradox collection After that I dont really know what other details I can give not because I dont have anymore but because I just purely dont konw them myself The best I can probably say is I was 4 Retired Messiah Feb 27 2015 350pm Honestly the tutorials god awful I learned the game through glorious trial and error instead was ridiculous but entertaining to watch everything fall to bits 5 midnighttrinity Feb 27 2015 405pm Its a very complex game to learn but its worth persevering with I played the tutorial you have mentioned if you follow the instructions exactly it all works You have to raise a fleet to board your army and then sail them to Canaria 6 John Hadley Feb 27 2015 601pm Canarias is the island down at the very left side of the map at the north of Africa I would think that the reason the tutorial tells you to attack Canarias is because Canarias is independent and has very few troops If you can get the claim on it then you can conquer it Nobody will ally up with them and stop it usually It also gives you a chance to learn how to raise fleets to carry your troops I havent played the tutorial so I dont know if it is well done but they dont want you to fight against 3 or 4 allies and get crushed when you try to attack someone They want you There are some pitfalls here for new players that could be a problem if they arent explained like how to find Canarias on the map if you dont know where it is That is done by using the find title button in the lower right corner of the screen Another one is that the new player might not know how to call their fleets so that must be explained possibly Another one is that boats cost a lot of money to keep raised for long and the new player might go bankrupt not realizing this It could cost several hundred Last edited by John Hadley Feb 27 2015 626pm 7 socko Jun 30 2016 638pm ive found the canaries find and i set my boats over but every time i try and send my troops in to attack they get destroyed and i lose the battle i have 17 ships with 1500 troops aboard and i lose to their 700 every time 8 suchiuomizu Jun 30 2016 723pm Originally posted by carlos danger ive found the canaries find and i set my boats over but every time i try and send my troops in to attack they get destroyed and i lose the battle i have 17 ships with 1500 troops aboard and i lose to their 700 every time Troops coming off ships have a morale penalty which can impact the numbers you would actually need 9 Anacleto Jul 1 2016 419am The tutorial is terrible I bought this game a week ago watched some Youtube tutorial started a couple of games where I knew I was going to make ridiculous mistakes like not paying attention to succession law or assaulting castles defended by 800 men with armies of 1100 men and now I am in the midst of my first decent game As some people remarked earlier trial and error is what does it 10 Showing 1 10 of 10 comments Per page 15 30 50 Crusader Kings II General Discussions Date Posted Feb 27 2015 127pm Posts 10 Start a New Discussion Discussions Rules and Guidelines

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