I Tonya From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia I Tonya Theatrical release poster Directed by Craig Gillespie Produced by Tom Ackerley Margot Robbie Steven Rogers Bryan Unkeless Written by Steven Rogers Starring Margot Robbie Sebastian Stan Allison Janney Julianne Nicholson Bobby Cannavale Music by Peter Nashel Cinematography Nicolas Karakatsanis Edited by Tatiana S Riegel Production company LuckyChap Entertainment Clubhouse Pictures AI Film Distributed by Neon 30West Release date September 8 2017 TIFF December 8 2017 United States Running time 119 minutes Country United States Language English Budget 11 million Box office 539 million I Tonya is a 2017 American biographical film directed by Craig Gillespie and written by Steven Rogers It follows the life of figure skater Tonya Harding and her connection to the 1994 attack on her rival Nancy Kerrigan The film states that it is based on contradictory and true interviews with Tonya Harding and her exhusband Jeff Gillooly suggesting they are unreliable narrators It features darkly comedic interviews with the characters in mockumentary style set in the modern day and breaks the fourth wall Margot Robbie who also produced stars as Harding Sebastian Stan plays Hardings husband Jeff Gillooly and Allison Janney plays Hardings mother LaVona Golden Julianne Nicholson Caitlin Carver Paul Walter Hauser and Bobby Cannavale also star I Tonya premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 2017 and was theatrically released in the United States on December 8 2017 and grossed 53 million worldwide on an 11 million budget The film received critical acclaim with major praise drawn towards the performances of Robbie and Janney At the 90th Academy Awards Janney won for Best Supporting Actress while the film also earned nominations for Best Actress for Robbie and Best Editing It earned three nominations at the 75th Golden Globe Awards winning Best Supporting Actress for Janney and at the 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards it won Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role for Janney and was nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Robbie At the 71st British Academy Film Awards the film earned five nominations winning Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Janney Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Music 41 Track listing 42 Additional songs featured in the film 5 Release 51 Home media 6 Reception 61 Box office 62 Critical response 63 Accolades 7 8 External links Plot In 1970s Portland Oregon four yearold Tonya Harding is forced to ice skate by her abusive mother LaVona Golden As Tonya grows up her parents take her out of school to focus on her skating career and she trains under coach Diane Rawlinson Tonya rapidly becomes one of the best figure skaters in the United States but is held back by her white trash reputation homemade costumes and unconventional choice of performance music At 15 she begins dating 18yearold Jeff Gillooly and the two marry but Jeff becomes abusive When LaVona scorns Tonya for putting up with it Tonya blames LaVona for her raising her badly After a dispute with Diane Tonya fires her and hires Dody Teachman as her coach Tonya becomes the first female figure skater to complete two triple Axel jumps in competition At the 1992 Winter Olympics Tonya fails to stick her landings and finishes fourth Defeated she moves in again with Jeff and takes a job as a waitress but Diane convinces her to train for the 1994 Winter Olympics On the day of her November 1993 competition at the Northwest Pacific Regional Championships in Portland Tonya receives a death threat and chooses not to compete In retaliation Jeff instructs his friend Shawn Eckardt who says hes Tonyas bodyguard to send death threats to Tonyas rival Nancy Kerrigan Tonya makes a phone call trying to locate Nancy Kerrigans training arena and her practice times Eckardt hires two inept crooks to attack Kerrigan after a practice session in Detroit On January 6 1994 Eckardts henchmen strike Kerrigans knee she can not compete at the next days National competition The hired henchmen are arrested Eckardts bragging quickly leads the FBI to him He points the finger at Jeff who is horrified to learn that Eckardt gave orders beyond sending the letters Tonya qualifies for the Olympic team and is in turn horrified by Jeff realizing that she will be found guilty by association She goes to the FBI and tells them what Jeff and Eckardt did but they show her interview transcript to Jeff after his arrest and he races home to confront her She briefly speaks to Jeff then climbs out the window leaving him for good Jeff implicates Tonya saying she knew LaVona visits Tonya and offers her kind words however when LaVona asks if Tonya knew anything about the crime Tonya reaches into LaVonas jacket pocket finds a tape recorder and throws her mother out of her home Jeff Eckardt and the henchmen are charged with Tonyas hearing postponed until after the Olympics Tonya finishes eighth and Nancy Kerrigan wins the silver medal Tonya avoids jail but is banned from competitive figure skating for life Heartbroken she begs the judge to give her jail time but not to take away the one thing she knows how to do the judge refuses and tells her his decision is made Jeff acknowledges with honest regret that he ruined Tonyas career He changes his name remarries opens a hair salon divorces he currently Washington state and has no contact with Tonya Tonya remarries divorces takes up professional boxing becomes a landscaper house painter and deck builder She lives happily with her sevenyearold son and third husband Cast Margot Robbie as Tonya Harding Mckenna Grace as young Tonya Harding Maizie Smith as Tonya Harding age 4 Sebastian Stan as Jeff Gillooly Hardings lover and friend later husband Allison Janney as LaVona Golden Hardings mother Julianne Nicholson as Diane Rawlinson Hardings skating coach and Bobs wife Caitlin Carver as Nancy Kerrigan Hardings skating rival and Olympic teammate and the victim of the 1994 attack Bojana Novakovic as Dody Teachman another of Hardings coaches Paul Walter Hauser as Shawn Eckardt a bodyguard and friend of Gillooly Bobby Cannavale as Martin Maddox a former reporter Dan Triandiflou as Bob Rawlinson Dianes husband and Tonyas attorney Ricky Russert as Shane Stant hired by Jeff and Shawn to attack Nancy Anthony Reynolds as Derrick Smith Stants uncle previous friend of Eckardt first hired by Jeff and Shawn to attack Nancy before recruiting Shane himself to injure her Production Screenwriter Steven Rogers was inspired to write the film after watching a documentary about ice skating which mentioned Tonya Harding Rogers arranged separate interviews with Harding and her exhusband Jeff Gillooly They remembered the events of the 1994 scandal very differently Rogers decided Well thats my way in to put everyones point of view out there and then let the audience decide He later said that the film was really about things we tell ourselves in order tolive with ourselveshow we change the narrative and then want that to be the narrative Regarding Gillooly Rogers stated Whats curious about Jeff is that he refused to take any money for life rights for his interview for anything He remembered Jeff Gillooly saying that Harding was a great figure skater According to Rogers Gillooly also said that it was his own idea to threaten Nancy Kerrigans ability to perform and took responsibility for his part in Hardings 1994 ruin he doesnt want to profit from it Margot Robbie who played Harding and coproduced the film did not realize the screenplay was based on a real event until after she finished reading it Immediately prior to filming Robbie flew from Los Angeles to Portland Oregon to meet Harding To prepare for the skating scenes Robbie trained for four months Heidi Munger and Anna Malkova served as skating doubles and Sarah Kawahara provided coaching and choreography Rogers wrote the role of Tonyas mother LaVona for Allison Janney she was a longtime friend of Rogers but the stars had not aligned for them to work together until he completed the script for I Tonya Janney said the part was one of the most challenging of her career Shortly after the film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival she said I think LaVona was actually a very smart woman very articulateShe was not messing around and didnt want Tonya distractedShe wanted Tonya to know that it was going to be hard work and knowing her daughter needed to be told she couldnt do it in order to do it was LaVonas way of saying I was there to inspire her Director Craig Gillespie was interested in the project because I realized it was a great opportunity to revisit the story and make a commentary about how the media treats people He did add that I dont feel great about having to drag Nancys name back into this Gillespie said that he tried in the film to present Harding in a very honest way without trying to pull those heartstringsjust showing you why she is the way she is Principal photography began in late January 2017 in Macon Georgia where Macon Coliseum was used as a set Throughout the shoot Robbie suffered from a herniated disc in her neck and had routine MRIs to ensure it was safe for her to continue filming skating scenes Filming wrapped in late February of that year with pickups in Atlanta on May 16 Music Some of the songs of the soundtrack were used in Hardings real routines such as ZZ Top s Sleeping Bag Others were selected by music supervisor Susan Jacobs tracks from 1970s such as Fleetwood Mac s The Chain or Supertramp s Goodbye Stranger came from an era when music was powerful and full and warm Jacobs felt the classic rock songs filled the picture without getting in the way of the story Critic Emily Manning found that others such as En Vogue s Free Your Mind and Heart s Barracuda created an interesting parallel between Tonyas tenacity and ambition The film ends with Siouxsie and the Banshees cover of The Passenger Manning wrote There was something really right about seeing Tonya skate to Siouxsie Jacobs said that The Passenger was something obviously female and the lyrics resonated The lyrics of Dire Straits Romeo and Juliet were also important as they felt like the story A soundtrack was released on December 8 2017 by Milan Records featuring songs used in the film by various artists and tracks from the original score Track listing I Tonya Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Soundtrack album by various artists Released December 8 2017 Genre Soundtrack Length 67 07 Label Milan Records Producer Various No Title Artist Length 1 Fair to Love Me Mark Batson 208 2 Devil Woman Cliff Richard 334 3 Shooting Star Bad Company 615 4 Romeo and Juliet Dire Straits 601 5 A Fair Shot Peter Nashel 152 6 Free Your Mind En Vogue 453 7 Goodbye Stranger Supertramp 548 8 How Can You Mend a Broken Heart Chris Stills 400 9 The Chain Fleetwood Mac 429 10 The Incident Peter Nashel 251 11 Barracuda Heart 422 12 Gloria Laura Branigan 449 13 Gone Daddy Gone Violent Femmes 306 14 Dream a Little Dream of Me Doris Day 343 15 The Passenger Siouxsie and the Banshees 409 16 Tonya Suite Peter Nashel 504 original score track Additional songs featured in the film Hey Mama Keep Your Mouth Shut by Dr Feelgood Shining Star by Fun Lovin Criminals Spirit in the Sky by Norman Greenbaum Cant You See by Marshall Tucker Band Sleeping Bag by ZZ Top Mysterious Night by Damon Criswell Feels Like the First Time by Foreigner Little Girl Bad by Joanie Sommers Every 1s a Winner by Hot Chocolate People Are Still Having Sex by LaTour 25 or 6 to 4 by Chicago Note Additional songs adapted from film credits Release The cast of I Tonya at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2017 I Tonya premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 2017 Shortly after Neon and 30West acquired domestic distribution rights to the film It was theatrically released on December 8 2017 In January 2018 Dan Shaughnessy columnist for The Boston Globe asked Nancy Kerrigan in a telephone interview if she had seen the film she had not When Shaughnessy posited that Kerrigan was once a victim of Hardings dysfunctional life she agreed but emphasized that she was occupied with living her own life Shaughnessy also asked Kerrigan to comment on whether she was bothered by Hollywoods portrayal of Tonya she replied that the issue was no longer her business Nancy Kerrigan said that her only role in the 1994 scandal was recovering from an attack Thats it she finished She went on during the interview to speak about how she remembered the scandal as A bizarre thing The whole thing was crazy being that its a story I mean come on Home media The film was released on DVD and BluRay on March 13 2018 Reception Box office I Tonya has grossed 30 million in the United States and Canada and 239 million in other territories for a worldwide total of 539 million After making 116 million over a month in limited release the film made 29 million from 799 theaters in its wide weekend After the film earned its three Oscar nominations it was added to 161 theaters the following week and made 3 million Critical response Allison Janney s portrayal of LaVona Golden received unanimous praise and earned her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes I Tonya holds an approval rating of 89 based on 338 reviews with an average rating of 7810 The websites critical consensus reads Led by strong work from Margot Robbie and Alison Janney I Tonya finds the humor in its reallife story without losing sight of its more tragic and emotionally resonant elements On Metacritic which assigns a rating to reviews the film has a weighted average score of 77 out of 100 based on 47 critics indicating generally favorable reviews Christy Lemire of RogerEbertcom described it as an irresistible soapy mix of jealousy competition and class warfare fortified by powerful performances and unexpected emotional resonance Lemire also complimented Gillespie for what would seem to be an impossible highwire act Hes made a movie thats affectionately mockingof this theatrical sport of the idiots who surrounded Harding of this hideous moment in fashion and pop culturewithout actually mocking Harding herself In Rolling Stone Peter Travers wrote that the film holds a mirror up to the classconscious America most of us tend to ignore or dismiss and makes us see ourselves reflected in it too I Tonya is funny as hell but the pain is just as real Youll laugh till it hurts Vulture praised Robbies performance feeling she had found a new weight Margot Robbie was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Tonya Harding Ty Burr of The Boston Globe wrote that it was one of the most surprising films of the year a multilayered saga of talent and class resentment He praised Rogers script as sympathetic but cleareyed foulmouthed but fairminded Burr wrote that the domestic abuse scenes are presented effectively because of the films style of ironic astoldto comedy that intentionally curdles when the extent of violenceand Hardings grim acceptanceof it become obvious However when writing of the scene where Harding voices how she has internalized a victimlike identity Burr believed the filmmakers failed to appreciate the scope of what that really means to her He considered whether the filmmakers had an obligation not to be among the many vultures picking at Tonyas popculture corpse Burr did not think the filmmakers properly addressed the predicament of making a film about Hardings media overexposure Richard Brody of The New Yorker felt the film failed to find an original depiction of the working class and treats Tonyas background her tastes her habits her way of talking as a joke The result is a film thats as derisive and dismissive toward Tonya Harding as it shows the world at large to have been In The Guardian Jean Hannah Eldestein felt that the film was played for laughs at the expense of its subject Allison Janney was widely lauded for her performance as LaVona Golden singled out for praise by critics Christy Lemire of Roger Ebertcom said Janney absolutely tears it up as the profane chainsmoking LaVona Harding constantly insulting Tonya and messing with her mind in the name of making her a champion Its a showy scenerychewing performance but its not onenote Janney brings an undercurrent of sorrow to the part in revealing LaVonas twisted methodology Michael OSullivan of The Washington Post wrote that Janney steals every scene shes in playing LaVona a harridan whose nodding goes beyond tough love Helen OHara from Empire called Janneys performance flawless and flamboyant and an unforgettable one USA Today said Janney is magnificent as Tonya Hardings villainous and abusive mommy dearest No curse word goes unused and no scenery is left unchewed by the actress who takes over whenever shes onscreen whether dealing with a pesky parakeet or breaking the fourth wall Accolades Main article List of accolades received by I Tonya I Tonya earned various awards and nominations following its release At the 7th AACTA International Awards Robbie won Best Actress while Janney won Best Supporting Actress I Tonya received five nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards including Best Actress in a Leading Role for Robbie Best Original Screenplay for Rogers and winning Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Janney The film also garnered five Critics Choice Movie Awards with Robbie winning Best Actress in a Comedy and Janney winning Best Supporting Actress At the 75th Golden Globe Awards Janney received the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress Motion Picture while the film was nominated for Best Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and Robbie was nominated for Best Actress Motion Picture Musical or Comedy I Tonya gathered three Independent Spirit Awards nominations and a Producers Guild of America Award nomination Robbie and Janney were nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role and Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role respectively at the 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards Rogers earned a nomination for Best Original Screenplay from the Writers Guild of America Tatiana S Riegel won the American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Film Comedy or Musical At the 90th Academy Awards Janney won Best Supporting Actress Robbie earned a nomination for Best Actress and Tatiana S Riegel earned a nomination for Best Film Editing References a b Lang Brent September 11 2017 Toronto Neon 30WEST Land I Tonya With Margot Robbie Variety Retrieved September 15 2017 I TONYA 15 British Board of Film Classification November 30 2017 Retrieved January 21 2018 Ford Rebecca December 1 2017 How Margot Robbie Nailed Her Landing for I Tonya The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved December 1 2017 a b I Tonya 2017 Box Office Mojo Retrieved July 22 2018 Olsen Mark September 9 2017 I Tonya blends humour and pathos at TIFF premiere with Margot Robbie as Tonya Harding Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 3 2018 Mockumentary hasnt killed comedy it perfectly skewers how we live now The Guardian April 5 2017 Retrieved July 15 2018 Bell Elizabeth S 2008 Theories of Performance Sage p 203 ISBN 9781412926379 Wallis Mick Shepherd Simon 1998 Studying plays Arnold p 214 ISBN 0340731567 a b Rubin Rebecca December 11 2017 Golden Globe Nominations Complete List Variety Retrieved December 11 2017 a b SAG Award Nominations The Complete List The Hollywood Reporter December 13 2017 Retrieved December 13 2017 The Shape of Water leads Bafta nominations BBC News January 9 2018 Retrieved January 9 2018 a b c d Robbie Margot Rogers Steven Gillespie Craig Janney Allison et al December 5 2017 Conversations with I Tonya Cast and Crew SAGAFTRA Foundation Interview YouTube Retrieved December 23 2017 Miller Julie December 6 2017 The Surreal Story of How Tonya Harding Inspired Awards Seasons Scrappiest Contender Vanity Fair Retrieved August 12 2018 a b Beresford Trilby March 26 2018 In Conversation Steven Rogers Chose the Indie Route for I Tonya The screenwriter reflects on the messiness of truth and memory and how he worked to build a story that encompassed everyones point of view Flood Magazine Retrieved August 3 2018 a b Miller Julie December 6 2017 The Surreal Story of How Tonya Harding Inspired Awards Seasons Scrappiest Contender Vanity Fair Retrieved August 3 2018 a b c d Robbie Margot January 12 2018 Conversations with Margot Robbie SAGAFTRA Foundation Interview Interviewed by Jenelle Riley YouTube Retrieved January 18 2018 Elfman Lois December 14 2017 Kawahara crafts skating magic for I Tonya IceNetworkcom Marotta Jenna December 13 2017 Training Margot Robbie to Be I Tonya Skating Choreographer Sarah Kawahara Tells All IndieWire Jacobs Matthew September 11 2017 Allison Janneys New Favorite CoStar Is The Bird That Sits On Her Shoulder In I Tonya HuffPost Retrieved August 3 2018 Eisner Ken January 9 2018 Director Craig Gillespie takes out the trash with I Tonya The Georgia Straight Retrieved August 10 2018 Gray Peter January 25 2018 DIRECTOR CRAIG GILLESPIE ON TAKING NO PRISONERS WHEN FILMING I TONYA The Iris IristheAUreviewcom Retrieved August 10 2018 Georgia I Tonya PDF Directors Guild of America Retrieved January 16 2017 The Tonya Harding movie starring Margot Robbie is filming in Macon GA next week On Location Vacations January 25 2017 Retrieved February 7 2017 Corley Laura February 1 2017 I Tonya films in Macon bringing 90s vibe to Macon Coliseum Macon Retrieved February 7 2017 Sebastian Stan updates his Instagram I Tonya finishes filming SebastianStanZonecom Fansite for Sebastian Stan Sebastianstanzonecom Retrieved January 13 2018 Margot Robbies I Tonya Reshoots Casting Call in Atlanta Projectcastingcom May 10 2017 Retrieved January 13 2018 I Tonya Casting for Reshoots in Atlanta 2018auditionscom May 11 2017 Retrieved January 13 2018 a b Manning Emily January 17 2018 I Tonya sets figure skating to siouxsie the banshees and it works idvicecom Retrieved January 22 2017 a b Rosen Christopher December 11 2017 Best of 2017 Behind the Scenes The stories behind the best songs on the I Tonya soundtrack Entertainment Weekly Retrieved January 22 2017 a b I Tonya Original Motion Picture Soundtrack iTunes Apple Retrieved January 31 2018 Toronto Film Festival 2017 Unveils Strong Slate Deadline Hollywood Retrieved July 25 2017 Fleming Jr Mike September 11 2017 Neon 30WEST Land I Tonya For 5 Million Toronto Deadline Hollywood Retrieved September 11 2017 Kohn Eric September 11 2017 I Tonya Sells to Neon Why Tonya Hardings Story Is Taking Margot Robbie and Allison Janney Into Oscar Season Indiewire Retrieved September 15 2017 Feinberg Scott September 22 2017 I Tonya Sets 2017 AwardsQualifying Release Date Exclusive The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved September 22 2017 Shaughnessy Dan January 11 2018 Nancy Kerrigan Has Very Little to Say About I Tonya Boston Globe Retrieved January 30 2018 Academy Award Nominee I TONYA Available on BluRay and DVD March 13 Broadway World March 2 2018 Retrieved April 27 2018 DAlessandro Anthony January 21 2018 January Slows As Jumanji Takes No 1 For 3rd Weekend With 19M To 20M Older Guy Pics 12 Strong Den Of Thieves In MidTeens Deadline Hollywood Retrieved January 21 2018 DAlessandro Anthony January 28 2018 Fox Controls Close To 40 Of Weekend BO Led By Maze Runner Oscar Holdovers Hostiles Gallops Past 10M Deadline Hollywood Retrieved January 28 2018 I Tonya 2017 Rotten Tomatoes Fandango Media Retrieved August 20 2018 I Tonya Reviews Metacritic CBS Interactive Retrieved December 8 2017 Lemire Christy I Tonya RogerEbertcom Retrieved 20180123 I Tonya Review Tonya Harding Biopic Is the Movie We Need Right Now Rolling Stone Retrieved 20180123 Bastién Angelica Jade In Praise of Margot Robbies Performance in I Tonya Vulture Retrieved 20180123 Burr Ty December 20 2017 I Tonya bedazzles The Boston Globe Retrieved August 6 2018 Brody Richard 20171207 I Tonya Reviewed A Condescending Biopic of Tonya Harding The New Yorker ISSN 0028792X Retrieved 20180123 Edelstein Jean Hannah 20171211 How I Tonya betrays its tragicomic iceskating protagonist The Guardian London Retrieved 20180123 Kilday Gregg January 5 2018 Three Billboards Named Best Film at Australian Academys International Awards The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved January 6 2018 Ritman Alex January 8 2018 BAFTA Awards Shape of Water Three Billboards Darkest Hour Lead Pack of Nominations The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved January 8 2018 Pedersen Erik Hammond Pete December 6 2017 Critics Choice Awards Nominations The Shape Of Water Leads With 14 Nods Netflix Tops TV Contenders Deadline Hollywood Retrieved December 6 2017 Lewis Hilary November 21 2017 2018 Independent Spirit Award Nominations Revealed The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved November 21 2017 Lewis Hilary January 5 2018 PGA Awards Wonder Woman The Post Three Billboards Up for Top Film Prize The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved January 5 2018 McNary Dave January 4 2018 Writers Guild Awards Get Out Call Me by Your Name Lady Bird Nab Nominations Variety Retrieved January 4 2018 Blair Iain February 16 2018 I Tonya Editor Blended PopCulture Infamy With Dark Humour Variety Retrieved August 16 2018 Oscar nominations 2018 The complete list of nominees for the 90th Academy Awards Los Angeles Times January 23 2018 Retrieved January 23 2018 Smith Patrick Hawkes Rebecca Robey Tim March 5 2018 Live Oscars 2018 The nominees winners and speeches Best Supporting Actor goes to Sam Rockwell live The Daily Telegraph Retrieved March 5 2018 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to I Tonya Official website I Tonya on IMDb I Tonya at AllMovie I Tonya at Metacritic I Tonya at Box Office Mojo I Tonya at Rotten Tomatoes I Tonya at History vs Hollywood v t e Films directed by Craig Gillespie Mr Woodcock 2007 Lars and the Real Girl 2007 Fright Night 2011 Million Dollar Arm 2014 The Finest Hours 2016 I Tonya 2017 Categories 2017 films Englishlanguage films 2010s biographical films 2010s black comedy films 2010s crime films Crime films based on actual events 2010s comedydrama films 2010s sports films American biographical films American black comedy films American comedydrama films American films American sports comedy films Biographical films about sportspeople Comedy films based on actual events Drama films based on actual events Figure skating films Films about child abuse Films about domestic violence Films about Olympic figure skating Films about the 1992 Winter Olympics Films directed by Craig Gillespie Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Academy Awardwinning performance Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Golden Globewinning performance Films produced by Margot Robbie Films set in 1994 Films set in the 1970s Films set in the 1980s Films set in the 1990s Films set in Detroit Films set in Portland Oregon Films shot in Georgia US state LuckyChap Entertainment films Sports drama films Sports films based on actual events Films about the media American mockumentary films Media portrayals of the working class

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O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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Individual Learning Plan From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Individual Learning Plan or ILP is a user student specific program or strategy of education or learning that takes into consideration the students strengths and weaknesses While normal classroom or distance education is based on the premise that all should get equal attention a democratic principle be exposed to same curriculum and evaluated on the same pattern One size fits all ILP presumes that the needs of individual students are different and thus must be differently addressed Emphasis on the students role in the learning experience has been shown in research to be crucial to a productive learning experience The Individual Learning Plan can also be used by an individual on their own or as part of a community of interest a team or an organization to manage learning over the course of their life This is explored further in the article Learning Plan Adopted by many institutes as a teaching methodology ILP for a student is generated after interaction between the student and the teacher and is based upon assessment made therein Further ILP Incorporates longterm goals of the student Synthesizes with the larger educational framework Gives credence to the students aspirations cultural artistic social or personal Individual Learning Plans are mandatory to complete for all students in Alaska 2010 Arizona 2008 Colorado 2010 Connecticut 2012 Delaware 2007 Georgia 2009 Hawaii 2009 Idaho 2011 Indiana 2006 Iowa 2008 Kentucky 2002 Louisiana 1998 Maryland 2008 Massachusetts 2007 Michigan 2009 Minnesota 2013 Missouri 2006 Oregon 2011 Rhode Island 2011 South Carolina 2006 South Dakota 2010 Virginia 2013 Washington 2000 West Virginia 1996 and Wisconsin 2013 in order to graduate Contents 1 Purpose 2 Functions 21 Resume Builder 22 Career Match MakerCareer Exploration 23 College Search 3 Teachers Point of View 4 Purpose The Individual Learning plan has many purposes including Discovery of many careers beginning in the sixth grade Career matching making services Developing education plans Creating maintaining and changing resumes Setting personal goals and keeping these insight as school progresses Saving and reflecting on activity including community service work experience career planning activities and extra curricular activities Exploring colleges and postsecondary opportunities that fit with desired career and other life goals Collecting personal information including assessment results advising activities demographic information and educational history Keeping track of all courses taken Also the Individual learning plan is set to establish college and career readiness throughout middle school and high school According to the Alliance for Excellent Education the graduating classes were more prepared for collegelevel work in all four content areas of Mathematics Reading English and Science after students createdused and ILP On the other hand in this same research it was determined that nearly 16200 students did not graduate in 2012 a fact that equates to a 42 billion lifetime earning loss for that class of students This could be due to the lack of College and Career Readiness throughout states that do not implement Individual Learning Plans The lack of college and career readiness does not only affect the student themselves but also communities as Functions Resume Builder Tools located within the ILP can help you store and organize information more successfully with no question about career development activities and experiences Once a student saves information about a chosen career school or other objective students can record their opinion interest and thoughts Also through Career Matchmaker services students can save and name many different matchmaker results and save which they feel they could be more successful doing With this comes a tool very common and frequently used the Resume Builder This enables help on creating personalized and more professionallooking resumes Information saved to an individuals ILP is automatically Cite Career Match MakerCareer Exploration The Career Exploration section offers a number of assessment tools to help you discover your skills abilities and learning preferences With this it uses that information to identify suitable career options for the students using this tool Career Cruising and Career Matchmaker can help a student better understand how interest and career choices go hand in hand due to shared likes skills and interest to occupations in certain programs Throughout the Career Cruising there are hundreds of occupations with profiles These profiles include interviews with people within the career salary information job outlook and locations In the employee interviews located in the profiles of each career they ask key questions including about their typical workday pros and cons and advise for students interested in pursuing that career There are a couple ways to search for careers including by keyword index school subjects career cluster or career selector given to you after using Career Matchmaker College Search Individual Learning Plan provides detailed school profiles for thousands of 2 and 4 year colleges career and technical schools across the country You can either search for particular schools programs or use the School Selector to find schools that meet a variety of criteria You can see which schools offer your chosen program cost of enrollment and the type of the community Cite Teachers Point of View The process of advising students is a shared responsibility that can have a significant impact on transition to postsecondary education Teachers are required to lead guide and direct students in setting and reaching goals This can be done through ILP or by daytoday contact with students This leads to several opportunities for teachers to share college and career readiness dialogue that assists students in focusing on their futures This also enables students and teachers to focus on one specific goal for on student therefore the conversations are more centered around that individual student When teachers utilize the resources in the More obvious sight of direct connections between classes and future goals made for students More individual centered learning for each student for more successful engagement More motivated students and more willing to take the steps necessary to reach goals through focusing on the work and assignment which will lead them to gain the skills and knowledge necessary for a career Teachers see a more direct correlation between the content they are teaching and the students goals for college andor the workforce The role of Counselors Teachers and other staff who work with students is to guide facilitate and support in the process of developing their ILPs Also ensure that students are reflecting on their previous records in their ILP References J Scott Armstrong 2012 Natural Learning in Higher Education Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning US Department of Labor ODEP Office of Disability Employment Policy Individualized Learning Plans Across the US wwwdolgov Retrieved 20151103 Kentucky Department of Education Individual Learning Plan educationkygov Retrieved 20151103 Kentucky Department of Education Toolkit for Teachers Connecting Content and the ILP educationkygov Retrieved 20151103 Guided Tour of Career Cruising Kentucky Department of Education Toolkit for Teachers Connecting Content and the ILP educationkygov Retrieved 20151103 Categories Educational environment

B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Iranian frigate Sahand From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia For other uses see Sahand disambiguation For Iranian Moudgeclass ship of the same name see Iranian frigate Sahand 2012 A starboard bow view of the Iranian destroyer escort ITS Faramarz DE 74 redesignated as IRS Sahand F 74 History Iran Name IIS Faramarz Namesake Faramarz Ordered 1960 Builder Vosper Thornycroft Woolston Yard number 1080 Launched 30 July 1969 Commissioned February 1972 Renamed Sahand 1985 Namesake Sahand volcano Homeport BandarAbbas Fate sunk in Operation Praying Mantis 19 April 1988 General characteristics Class and type Alvand class frigate Displacement 1100 tons 1540 tons full load Length 945 m 310 ft Beam 1107 m 363 ft Draught 325 m 107 ft Propulsion 2 shafts 2 Paxman Ventura cruising diesels 3800 bhp 2830 kW 17 knots 2 Rolls Royce Olympus TM2 boost gas turbines 46000 shp 34300 kW 39 knots 72 kmh Speed 39 knots 72 kmh max Range 5000 nmi 9000 km at 15 knots 28 kmh Complement 125146 Armament 5 Sea Killer antiship missiles 1 45 inch 114 mm Mark 8 gun 1 twin 20 mm AAA 2 x single 20 mm AAA 2 81 mm mortars 2 050cal machine guns 1 x Limbo ASW mortar 2 x triple 1275 in torpedo tubes Iranian frigate Sahand in Persian سهند a British made Vosper Mark V class frigate also known as the Alvand class was commissioned as part of a fourship order The ship was originally called Faramarz named after a character in Ferdosis Shahnameh However after the 1979 Islamic Revolution it was renamed Sahand after the Sahand volcano Service history Sahand burns after strikes by US Navy ships and aircraft on 18 April 1988 The Iranian Navy ship was sunk in Operation Praying Mantis on 18 April 1988 Located by two American A6E Intruders of Attack Squadron VA95 steaming roughly 16 kilometres 10 mi southwest of Larak Island she was hit by two Harpoon missiles and four AGM123 Skipper II laserguided missiles A pair of Rockeye cluster bombs from the aircraft and a single Harpoon from the destroyer USS Joseph Strauss finished off the ship Left heavily aflame dead in the water and listing to port Sahand burned for several hours before fire reached her ammunition magazines and they detonated sinking the ship in over 660 feet 200 metres of water southwest of Larak Island 45 of her crew were killed Iran has commisioned a Moudgeclass frigate named Sahand in memory of the original Sahand Notes a b c d e f Faramarz 6132433 Miramar Ship Index Retrieved 9 December 2009 Islamic Republic News Agency Archived from the original on 16 March 2012 Retrieved 20 March 2017 References Hiro Dilip 1991 The Longest War The IranIraq Military Conflict London Routledge Chapman Hall Inc ISBN 0415904064 v t e Alvand class frigates v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1988 Active frigates of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy This article related to the Iranian armed forces is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it This article about a specific naval ship or boat is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it Categories Alvandclass frigates Ships built in Southampton 1969 ships Shipwrecks in the Persian Gulf Maritime incidents in 1988 1988 in Iran IranUnited States relations Ships sunk by US aircraft Frigates sunk by aircraft Iranian military stubs Naval ship stubs

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

iranian frigate sahand
british
service history


Its Your Call From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Its Your Call Studio album by Reba Released December 14 1992 Genre Country Length 35 02 Label MCA Producer Tony Brown Reba McEntire Reba chronology For My Broken Heart 1991 Its Your Call 1992 Greatest Hits Volume Two 1993 Professional ratings Review scores Source Rating Allmusic Robert Christgau C Its Your Call is the seventeenth album by Reba McEntire released in December 1992 It contains the song The Heart Wont Lie which featured Vince Gill and which was later ranked at 18 on CMTs list of the 100 Greatest Country Duets The album also includes a rerecording of the song Babys Gone Blues which was recorded in 1987 by Patty Loveless for her album If My Heart Had Windows The album peaked at 1 on the country album chart and 8 on the Billboard 200 selling 104000 copies in its first week becoming her first top 10 album on that chart It is certified 3 Multiplatinum by the RIAA McEntire referred to the album as a second chapter to For My Broken Heart her previous album released in 1991 Contents 1 Track listing 2 Personnel 3 31 Album 32 Certifications and sales 33 Singles 4 Track listing No Title Writers Length 1 Its Your Call Bruce Burch Shawna HarringtonBurkhart Liz Hengber 304 2 Straight from You Gary Harrison Tim Mensy 235 3 Take It Back Kristy Jackson 317 4 Babys Gone Blues Pat Bunch Mary Ann Kennedy Pam Rose 415 5 The Heart Wont Lie duet with Vince Gill Kim Carnes Donna Weiss 320 6 One Last Good Hand Gary Burr John Jarrard 329 7 He Wants to Get Married Sandy Knox Anthony Little 351 8 For Herself HarringtonBurkhart Liz Hengber Reba McEntire 359 9 Will He Ever Go Away Gerry House Will Robinson 317 10 Lighter Shade of Blue Max D Barnes Skip Ewing Troy Seals 324 Personnel As listed in liner notes Terry Crisp steel guitar Linda Davis background vocals Steve Gibson acoustic guitar electric guitar Vince Gill duet vocals on The Heart Wont Lie Vicki Hampton background vocals John Barlow Jarvis piano synthesizer Mary Ann Kennedy background vocals Paul Leim drums George Marinelli Jr electric guitar acoustic guitar mandolin Donna McElroy background vocals Reba McEntire lead vocals background vocals Joe McGlohon saxophone Michael Rhodes bass guitar Chris Rodriguez background vocals Jamie D Robbins background vocals Matt Rollings piano synthesizer Pam Rose background vocals Harry Stinson background vocals Charts Album US Billboard 200 8 US Billboard Top Country Albums 1 Canadian Top Country Albums 1 Canadian Albums Chart 59 Certifications and sales Canada Music Canada Platinum 100000 United States RIAA 3 Platinum 3000000 shipments figures based on certification alone Singles Year Single Peak chart positions US Country US CAN Country 1992 Take It Back 5 1 1993 The Heart Wont Lie with Vince Gill 1 1 Its Your Call 5 110 5 denotes releases that did not chart References Allmusic review Christgau Robert November 23 1993 Turkey Shoot The Village Voice New York Retrieved July 5 2013 a b American album certifications Reba Mc Entire Your Call Recording Industry Association of America If necessary click Advanced then click Format then select Album then click SEARCH a b Its Your Call CD liner notes Reba McEntire MCA Records 1992 MCAD10673 a b Its Your Call Reba McEntire Allmusic Retrieved 20110210 RPM Country Albums for March 13 1993 RPM Retrieved 20110210 RPM Top Albums for February 13 1993 RPM Retrieved 20110210 Canadian album certifications Reba McEntire Its Your Call Music Canada Reba McEntire Album Song Chart History Country Songs Billboard Retrieved 20110210 RPM Country Tracks for March 6 1993 RPM Retrieved 20110210 Country Songs for April 10 1993 Billboard Retrieved 20110210 RPM Country Tracks for April 24 1993 RPM Retrieved 20110210 Whitburn Joel 2008 Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008 Record Research Inc p 270 0898201772 RPM Country Tracks for August 7 1993 RPM Retrieved 20110210 v t e Reba McEntire Albums Singles Studio albums Reba McEntire Out of a Dream Feel the Fire Heart to Heart Unlimited Behind the Scene Just a Little Love My Kind of Country Have I Got a Deal for You Whoevers in New England What Am I Gonna Do About You The Last One to Know Reba Sweet Sixteen Rumor Has It For My Broken Heart Its Your Call Read My Mind Starting Over What If Its You If You See Him So Good Together Room to Breathe Reba Duets Keep On Loving You All the Women I Am Love Somebody Sing It Now Songs of Faith Hope Compilation albums The Best of Reba McEntire Reba Nell McEntire Greatest Hits You Lift Me Up to Heaven Greatest Hits Volume Two Oklahoma Girl Greatest Hits Volume III Im a Survivor 20th Century Masters The Christmas Collection Reba 1s 20th Century Masters The Millennium Collection The Best of Reba McEntire Love Revival 50 Greatest Hits Live albums Reba Live Christmas albums Merry Christmas to You The Secret of Giving A Christmas Collection My Kind of Christmas Tours 2 Worlds 2 Voices Tour All the Women I Am Tour Related articles Reba Pake McEntire Vince Gill Linda Davis Brooks Dunn Kelly Clarkson Shelby Blackstock Categories 1992 albums Reba McEntire albums MCA Records albums Albums produced by Tony Brown record producer

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O


J Donald Monan From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia J Donald Monan SJ 24th President of Boston College In office July 31 1972 July 30 1996 Preceded by W Seavey Joyce SJ Personal details Born December 31 1924 Blasdell New York Died March 18 2017 aged 92 Alma mater Woodstock College Université catholique de Louvain J Donald Monan SJ December 31 1924 March 18 2017 was the Chancellor of Boston College from 1996 to 2017 and its 24th President from 1972 to 1996the longest such tenure in the Universitys history A native of Blasdell New York he joined the Society of Jesus in 1942 Monan earned a bachelors degree a licentiate of philosophy and a Licentiate of Sacred Theology at Woodstock College He then studied at the Université catholique de Louvain in Belgium where he earned a PhD in philosophy He was ordained a priest in 1955 Prior to becoming President of Boston College Monan served as Acting President Vice President Academic Dean Chairman of the Philosophy Department Professor and Instructor at Le Moyne College Boston College When Monan took over as President BC was approximately 30 million in debt and its endowment totaled just under 6 million By the time he retired the Universitys endowment had risen to over 500 million and the campus had greatly expanded to include such new buildings as ONeill Library Merkert Chemistry Center and Conte Forum Monan has served as Chancellor of the University since retiring as President Monans memberships include the National Leadership Roundtable on Church Management the Jesuit Philosophical Association New England Province of Jesuits the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy and the Massachusetts Historical Society Notes In Memoriam Rev J Donald Monan SJ BC News March 18 2017 Retrieved March 22 2017 History of Boston College From the Beginnings to 1990 1st ed Boston University Press of Boston College 1990 0962593400 2012 Jesuit Jubilarians External links About The Chancellor Boston College Chancellor bio J Donald Monan SJ The 1863 Society bio v t e Boston College presidents Johannes Bapst 18631869 Robert W Brady 18691870 Robert Fulton 18701880 Jeremiah OConnor 18801884 Edward V Boursaud 18841887 Thomas H Stack 1887 Nicholas Russo 18871888 Robert Fulton 18881891 Edward I Devitt 18911894 Timothy Brosnahan 18941898 W G Read Mullan 18981903 William F Gannon 19031907 Thomas I Gasson 19071914 Charles W Lyons 19141919 William Devlin 19191925 James H Dolan 19251932 William J McGarry 19371939 William J Murphy 19391945 William L Keleher 19451951 Joseph R N Maxwell 19511958 Michael P Walsh 19581968 W Seavey Joyce 19681972 J Donald Monan 19721996 William P Leahy 1996 Authority control GND 1042344485 ISNI 0000 0001 1714 5626 LCCN n2002022296 LNB 000099207 SUDOC 083800158 VIAF 163662951 WorldCat Identities via VIAF 163662951 Categories 1924 births 2017 deaths American Jesuits Presidents of Boston College American schoolteachers Philosophy teachers People from Erie County New York Religious leaders from Massachusetts Religious leaders from New York state Catholics from New York state

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Jackson Browne album From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Jackson Browne Studio album by Jackson Browne Released January 1972 Recorded 1971 Crystal Sound Recorders Genre Rock Length 40 55 Label Asylum Producer Richard Sanford Orshoff Jackson Browne chronology Jackson Browne 1972 For Everyman 1973 Jackson Browne is the eponymous debut album of singer Jackson Browne released in 1972 It peaked on the Billboard 200 chart at number 53 Two singles were released with Doctor My Eyes peaking at number 8 on the Pop Singles chart and Rock Me On the Water reaching number 48 Contents 1 History 2 Title confusion 3 Reception 4 Track listing 41 Side One 42 Side Two 5 Personnel 6 7 History Browne had been having minor success as a songwriter but was still unable to obtain his own recording contract He sent a demo of Jamaica Say You Will to David Geffen in early 1970 and Geffen began looking for a record deal for Browne Geffen ended up founding his own label Asylum Records instead and signing Browne The album was certified as a Gold record in 1976 and Platinum in 1997 by the RIAA Title confusion The album is often mistakenly called Saturate Before Using because the words appear on the album cover which was designed to look like a water bag that would require saturation in order to cool its contents by evaporation For this very reason Asylum Records executives suggested to no avail that the words be removed from the album cover and nearly rejected the cover art outright However the initial pressings not only included the text but the cover carried a burlaplike feel to further the water bag theme The confusion over the title returned when the album was converted to CD format when the words appeared on the spine of the jewel case as the album title Browne told the story of the covers creation and spoke of the titles confusion in an interview with the album designer Gary Burden for his 2002 DVD Under The Covers I remember being on the phone with Gary talking about what the album cover should be and I happened to be in a room that had a water bag on the wall It was just one of the things that I collected driving around on trips and stuff And I was looking at this bag as he was saying what do you think it ought to be I was thinking well it could be a water bag it said saturate before using on the front You know Gary on mine it says this on the back And you said well Reception Professional ratings Retrospective reviews Review scores Source Rating Allmusic Christgaus Record Guide B Encyclopedia of Popular Music The Great Rock Discography 810 MusicHound 25 Rolling Stone Album Guide Jackson Browne received positive reviews from most critics In his review for Allmusic William Ruhlmann praised the album as An auspicious debut that doesnt sound like a debut and the album has long since come to seem a timeless collection of reflective ballads touching on stilldifficult subjectsand all with an amazingly eloquent sense of language Jackson Brownes greater triumph is that having perfectly expressed its times it transcended them as well Rolling Stone rated the album 6 of 10 stars and stated Brownes debut lays the groundwork for future heartandsoul excavations Doctor My Eyes an early hit single communicates the subdued subtle power of his halfspoken melodies while Rock Me On the Water and Song for Adam foreshadow the freeranging contemplation to come The original 1972 review in Rolling Stone stated Jackson Brownes sensibility is romantic in the best sense of the term his songs are capable of generating a highly charged compelling atmosphere throughout andjust as importantof sustaining that pitch in the listeners mind long after theyve ended Ed Kelleher wrote in Circus in 1972 Though others have done him justice Browne is his own best interpreter He just eases back and lets the song come He has the soul of a poet and the stance of a troubadour Unlike many of his contemporaries he has not fallen victim to the trap of overproductionthe record has been crafted with care and purity Music critic Robert Christgau gave the album a B grade however was ambivalent about the whole album writing The voice is pleasant present and unpretentious and when I listen assiduously I perceive lyrics crafted with as much intelligence and human decency as any reasonable person could expect Unfortunately only critical responsibility induces me to listen assiduously Its not just the blandness of the music but of the ideas as well each reinforcing the other Track listing All tracks composed by Jackson Browne Side One Jamaica Say You Will 323 A Child in These Hills 357 Song for Adam 522 Doctor My Eyes 311 From Silver Lake 349 Side Two Something Fine 347 Under the Falling Sky 408 Looking into You 420 Rock Me on the Water 413 My Opening Farewell 445 Personnel Jackson Browne acoustic guitar piano vocals David Campbell viola David Crosby harmony vocals Jesse Ed Davis electric guitar on Doctor My Eyes Craig Doerge piano on From Silver Lake Rock Me On the Water and My Opening Farewell Jimmie Fadden harmonica Jim Gordon organ David Jackson piano on Looking into You Sneaky Pete Kleinow pedal steel guitar on Looking into You Leah Kunkel composed vocal countermelody on From Silver Lake Russ Kunkel drums congas on Doctor My Eyes and Under the Falling Sky Albert Lee electric guitar on A Child in These Hills and Under the Falling Sky Graham Nash harmony vocals Leland Sklar bass Clarence White acoustic guitar on Jamaica Say You Will Production notes Richard Sanford Orshoff producer engineer Greg Ladanyi mastering at Atlantic Studios New York NY Gary Burden art direction Henry Diltz photography Charts Album Billboard North America Year Chart Position 1972 Pop Albums 53 Singles Billboard North America Year Single Chart Position 1972 Doctor My Eyes Pop Singles 8 1972 Rock Me On the Water Pop Singles 48 References a b Jackson Browne Jackson Browne Charts Awards Billboard Album at AllMusic Retrieved 21 October 2004 a b Jackson Browne Jackson Browne Charts Awards Billboard Singles at AllMusic Retrieved 21 October 2004 Ruhlmann William Jamaica Say You Will Jackson Browne Song Review at AllMusic Retrieved June 6 2010 RIAA Gold and Platinum award Retrieved July 20 2010 Saturate before reading American Printer March 2006 Archived 20081202 at the Wayback Machine Burden Gary Diltz Henry Under The Covers DVD Jackson Browne Audio Interview Archived May 2 2012 at the Wayback Machine 2002 a b Ruhlmann William Jackson Browne at AllMusic Retrieved 22 November 2004 a b Christgau Robert Jackson Browne Consumer Guide Reviews Robert Christgau Retrieved 4 March 2006 a b c Jackson Browne Acclaimed Music Retrieved September 27 2015 a b Brackett Nathan Hoard Christian eds 2004 Jackson Browne The New Rolling Stone Album Guide London Fireside pp 112113 0743201698 Abridged in Jackson Browne Album Guide Rolling Stone Retrieved 6 June 2010 Scoppa Bud March 2 1972 Jackson Browne Jackson Browne Album Review Rolling Stone 103 Retrieved 8 June 2010 Kelleher Ed Circus Review of Jackson Browne April 1972 v t e Jackson Browne Studio albums Jackson Browne For Everyman Late for the Sky The Pretender Hold Out Lawyers in Love Lives in the Balance World in Motion Im Alive Looking East The Naked Ride Home Time the Conqueror Standing in the Breach Live albums Running on Empty Solo Acoustic Vol 1 Solo Acoustic Vol 2 Love Is Strange En Vivo Con Tino Compilations The Next Voice You Hear The Best of Jackson Browne The Very Best of Jackson Browne Singles Doctor My Eyes Rock Me on the Water Redneck Friend Take It Easy Walking Slow Fountain of Sorrow Here Come Those Tears Again The Pretender Running on Empty The LoadOut Stay You Love the Thunder Boulevard That Girl Could Sing Hold On Hold Out Somebodys Baby Lawyers in Love Tender Is the Night For a Rocker Youre a Friend of Mine For America In the Shape of a Heart Lives in the Balance Im Alive Related articles Discography Groove Masters Studios Song for Adam The Birds of St Marks Jamaica Say You Will These Days For Everyman Looking Into You A Tribute to Jackson Browne Categories Jackson Browne albums 1972 debut albums Asylum Records albums

B I O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O


Jan

Yanehiro

From

Wikipedia

the

free

encyclopedia

Jan

Yanehiro

is

a

JapaneseAmerican

broadcast

journalist

Contents

Personal

life

Television

career

Other

business

and

community

activities

Achievements

Books

as

coauthor

External

links

Personal

life

Yanehiro

earned

a

journalism

degree

from

California

State

University

Fresno

in

and

worked

as

a

flight

attendant

before

getting

a

job

on

the

radio

She

is

one

the

first

nativeborn

AsianAmerican

female

journalists

She

had

three

children

with

her

late

husband

John

Zimmerman

who

died

due

to

a

brain

tumor

After

his

death

she

began

hosting

and

producing

documentaries

for

public

access

stations

KVIE

and

KCSMTV

She

has

also

hosted

a

series

on

radio

station

KCBS

for

many

years

as

well

as

working

for

more

than

years

for

KPIX

She

has

been

the

Director

of

Multimedia

Communications

at

the

Academy

of

Art

University

in

San

Francisco

since

She

continues

to

host

charity

events

work

in

video

productions

and

travels

the

world

giving

lectures

and

universities

Television

career

Among

her

many

accomplishments

the

one

she

is

most

proud

of

is

having

been

one

of

the

original

cohosts

of

the

groundbreaking

magazine

series

Evening

Magazine

which

aired

on

San

Franciscos

KPIX

from

to

Yanehiro

also

cohosted

HGTVs

Appraise

It

for

years

She

has

also

narrated

numerous

documentaries

on

the

experiences

of

JapaneseAmericans

during

World

War

II

including

the

documentary

Forced

Out

Other

business

and

community

activities

She

is

the

President

of

Jan

Yanehiro

Inc

a

Partner

of

Fair

Advantage

the

Director

of

the

Bank

of

Marin

a

Board

Member

on

Kristi

Yamaguchis

Always

Dream

Foundation

a

Board

Member

of

the

Center

for

the

Pacific

Rim

at

the

University

of

San

Francisco

a

Board

Member

of

the

National

Board

of

Visitors

at

California

State

University

Fresno

and

a

Member

of

the

Asian

American

Journalists

Association

National

Academy

of

Television

Arts

and

Sciences

Achievements

She

has

received

several

Emmys

for

her

work

received

the

Eleanor

Roosevelt

Humanitarian

Award

from

the

United

Nations

of

San

Francisco

was

inducted

into

the

Academy

of

Television

and

Radio

Hall

of

Fame

in

New

York

City

is

a

Silver

Circle

Inductee

of

the

National

Academy

of

Television

Arts

and

Sciences

in

She

was

also

recognized

as

a

Woman

of

Distinction

by

the

Girl

Scouts

of

the

United

States

of

America

and

honored

as

an

Outstanding

Alumnus

by

California

State

University

Fresno

She

received

an

honorary

doctorate

from

the

Academy

of

Art

University

in

May

Books

as

coauthor

Having

a

Baby

After

Having

a

Baby

This

Is

Not

The

Life

I

Ordered

References

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

Jan

Yanehiro

Media

and

Marketing

Strategic

Planner

BROADCAST

PIONEER

JAN

YANEHIRO

a

b

c

Steve

Walker

and

Jan

Yanehiro

a

b

Academy

of

Art

University

Communications

Faculty

academyartedu

Academy

of

Art

University

Retrieved

November

Honorary

Doctorate

Recipient

Jan

Yanehiro

External

links

Jan

Yanehiro

on

IMDb

Jan

Yanehiro

Filmography

Categories

Living

people

Television

anchors

from

San

Francisco

Academy

of

Art

University

faculty

California

State

University

Fresno

alumni

American

journalists

of

Japanese

descent

American

women

of

Japanese

descent

American

women

television

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Janka hardness test From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia The Janka hardness test from the Austrianborn emigrant Gabriel Janka 18641932 measures the resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear It measures the force required to embed an 1128 millimetres 0444 in diameter steel ball halfway into a sample of wood A common use of Janka hardness ratings is to determine whether a species is suitable for use as flooring The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain Testing on the surface of a plank perpendicular to the grain is said to be of side hardness Testing the cut surface of a stump is called a test of end hardness Side hardness may be further divided into radial hardness and tangential hardness although the differences are minor and often neglected The results are stated in various ways which can lead to confusion especially when the actual units employed are often not attached Overall the resulting measure is always one of force In the United States the measurement is in poundsforce lbf In Sweden it is in kilogramsforce kgf and in Australia either in newtons N or kilonewtons kN This confusion is greatest when the results are treated as units for example 660 Janka The Janka hardness test results tabulated below were done in accordance with ASTM D 103712 testing methods Lumber stocks tested range from 1 to 2 thick The tabulated Janka hardness numbers are an average There is a standard deviation associated with each species but these values are not given No testing was done on actual flooring Other factors affect how flooring performs the type of core for engineered flooring such as pine HDF poplar oak birch grain direction and thickness floor or top wear surface etc The chart is not to be considered an absolute it is meant to help people understand which woods are harder than others Typical Janka hardness values Typical Janka side hardness Species Force poundsforce newtons Australian Buloke 5060 lbf 22500 N Schinopsis brasiliensis Quebracho Barauna Chamacoco 4800 lbf 21000 N Schinopsis balansae Quebracho Colorado Red Quebracho 4570 lbf 20300 N Lignum vitae Guayacan Pockenholz 4500 lbf 20000 N Piptadenia Macrocarpa Curupay Angico Preto Brazilian Tiger Mahogany 3840 lbf 17100 N Snakewood Letterhout Piratinera Guinensis 3800 lbf 17000 N Brazilian Olivewood 3700 lbf 16000 N Brazilian Ebony 3692 lbf 16420 N Ipê Brazilian Walnut Lapacho 3684 lbf 16390 N African Pearwood Moabi 3680 lbf 16400 N Grey Ironbark 3664 lbf 16300 N Bolivian Cherry 3650 lbf 16200 N Lapacho 3640 lbf 16200 N Cumaru Brazilian Teak 3540 lbf 15700 N Sucupira Brazilian Chestnut Tiete Chestnut 3417 lbf 15200 N Kingwood 3340 lbf 14900 N Ironwood 3260 lbf 14500 N Ebony 3220 lbf 14300 N Massaranduba Brazilian Redwood Paraju 3190 lbf 14200 N Yvyraro 3040 lbf 13500 N Strand Woven Bamboo 3000 lbf 13000 N Cocobolo 2960 lbf 13200 N Bloodwood Brosimum rubescens 2900 lbf 13000 N Boxwood 2840 lbf 12600 N Red Mahogany Turpentine 2697 lbf 12000 N Live Oak 2680 lbf 11900 N Southern Chestnut 2670 lbf 11900 N Spotted Gum 2473 lbf 11000 N Brazilian Cherry Jatoba 2350 lbf 10500 N Mesquite 2345 lbf 10430 N Golden Teak 2330 lbf 10400 N Guatambú Kyrandy Balfourodendron riedelianum 2240 lbf 10000 N Santos Mahogany Bocote Cabreuva Honduran Rosewood 2200 lbf 9800 N Pradoo 2170 lbf 9700 N Brazilian Koa 2160 lbf 9600 N Brushbox 2135 lbf 9500 N Osage Orange 2040 lbf 9100 N Karri 2030 lbf 9000 N Sydney Blue Gum 2023 lbf 9000 N Bubinga 1980 lbf 8800 N Cameron 1940 lbf 8600 N Tallowwood 1933 lbf 8600 N Merbau 1925 lbf 8560 N Amendoim 1912 lbf 8500 N Jarrah 1910 lbf 8500 N Purpleheart 1860 lbf 8300 N Goncalo Alves Tigerwood 1850 lbf 8200 N Hickory Pecan Satinwood 1820 lbf 8100 N Afzelia Doussie Australian Wormy Chestnut 1810 lbf 8100 N Castello boxwood 1810 lbf 8100 N Bangkirai 1798 lbf 8000 N Rosewood 1780 lbf 7900 N African Padauk 1725 lbf 7670 N Blackwood 1720 lbf 7700 N Merbau 1712 lbf 7620 N Kempas 1710 lbf 7600 N Black Locust 1700 lbf 7600 N Highland Beech 1686 lbf 7500 N Red Mulberry 1680 lbf 7500 N Wenge Red Pine Hornbeam 1630 lbf 7300 N Tualang 1624 lbf 7220 N Zebrawood 1575 lbf 7010 N True Pine Timborana 1570 lbf 7000 N Peroba 1557 lbf 6930 N Sapele Sapelli Kupay 1510 lbf 6700 N Curupixa 1490 lbf 6600 N Sweet Birch 1470 lbf 6500 N Hard maple Sugar Maple 1450 lbf 6400 N Caribbean Walnut 1390 lbf 6200 N Kentucky coffeetree 1390 lbf 6200 N Natural Bamboo represents one species 1380 lbf 6100 N Australian Cypress 1375 lbf 6120 N White Oak 1360 lbf 6000 N Tasmanian oak 1350 lbf 6000 N Ribbon Gum 1349 lbf 6000 N Ash White 1320 lbf 5900 N American Beech 1300 lbf 5800 N Red Oak Northern 1290 lbf 5700 N Caribbean Heart Pine 1280 lbf 5700 N Yellow Birch Iroko 1260 lbf 5600 N Movingui 1230 lbf 5500 N Heart pine 1225 lbf 5450 N Carapa guianensis Brazilian Mesquite 1220 lbf 5400 N Larch 1200 lbf 5300 N Carbonized Bamboo represents one species 1180 lbf 5200 N Teak 1155 lbf 5140 N Brazilian Eucalyptus Rose Gum 1125 lbf 5000 N English Oak 1120 lbf 5000 N Makore 1100 lbf 4900 N Siberian Larch 1100 lbf 4900 N Peruvian Walnut 1080 lbf 4800 N Boreal 1023 lbf 4550 N Black Walnut North American Walnut 1010 lbf 4500 N Cherry 995 lbf 4430 N Black Cherry Imbuia 950 lbf 4200 N Red Maple 950 lbf 4200 N Boire 940 lbf 4200 N Paper Birch 910 lbf 4000 N Eastern Red Cedar 900 lbf 4000 N Southern Yellow Pine Longleaf 870 lbf 3900 N Lacewood Leopardwood 840 lbf 3700 N African Mahogany 830 lbf 3700 N Mahogany Honduran Mahogany 800 lbf 3600 N Parana 780 lbf 3500 N Sycamore 770 lbf 3400 N Box Elder 720 lbf 3200 N Shedua 710 lbf 3200 N Radiata Pine 710 lbf 3200 N Silver Maple 700 lbf 3100 N Southern Yellow Pine Loblolly and Shortleaf 690 lbf 3100 N Douglas Fir 660 lbf 2900 N Western Juniper 626 lbf 2780 N Alder Red 590 lbf 2600 N Larch 590 lbf 2600 N Chestnut 540 lbf 2400 N Yellow Poplar Poplar 540 lbf 2400 N Hemlock 500 lbf 2200 N Western White Pine 420 lbf 1900 N Basswood 410 lbf 1800 N Eastern White Pine 380 lbf 1700 N Cuipo 75 lbf 330 N Balsa 70 lbf 310 N Softest wood ever measured a single unusual sample of Balsa 22 lbf 98 N References Pedersen Jason The Janka Hardness Test Low Cost Flooring Retrieved 18 March 2016 Morlan Johnny W Wood Species Janka Hardness ScaleChart By CommonTrade Name AJ The Worlds Top 125 Known SoftestHardest Woods Morlan wood gifts Archived from the original on 26 April 2012 Retrieved 20 December 2011 Global Species Quebracho Lumber identification The Wood Database Kingwood Lumber identification The Wood Database Red Maple Lumber identification The Wood Database English Oak The Wood Database Retrieved 28 August 2015 Wood charts Custom workshop Radiata Pine Lumber identification The Wood Database Silver Maple Lumber identification The Wood Database a b c Wiepking C A Doyle D V November 1955 Strength and related properties of Balsa and Quipo woods UISDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory 2728 Report No 1511 The record softness of 22 lbf is often falsely ascribed to quipo but all such reports appear to be a misreading of figures 15 and 16 from this primary source which makes clear that measurement is of balsa and the softest quipo measured was 46 lbf tangential 38 lbf radial External links Janka Hardness Scale For Wood Side Hardness Chart of Some Woods USDA Wood Handbook Wood as an Engineering Material USDA Janka Hardness Using Nonstandard Specimens v t e Woodworking Overviews History Glossary Wood lumber Forms Boat building Bow and arrow Bush carpentry Cabinetry Caning Carpentry Certosina Chainsaw carving Chip carving Clogs Ébéniste Fretwork Intarsia Japanese carpentry Khatam Kohlrosing Log building Marquetry Millwork Parquetry Pyrography Relief carving Root carving Sawdust Segmented turning Shingle weaving Shipbuilding Spindle turning Timber framing Treen Whittling Wood carving Woodturning Wood flour Woods Soft Cedar Calocedrus Cedrus Cypress Douglas fir Fir Juniper Larch Kauri Pine Rimu Spruce Yew Hard Afrormosia Alder Andiroba Anigre Ash Apple Aspen Avodire Balsa Beech Bilinga Birch African Blackwood Australian Blackwood Boxwood Bubinga Camphor Cedrela Cherry Chestnut Cocobolo Cumaru Ebony Elm Eucalyptus Hazel Hickory Hornbeam Idigbo Imbuia Ipê Iroko Jarra Jelutong Lignum vitae Linden lime basswood Merbau Mahogany American African Maple Meranti Oak Padauk Pear Plum Poplar Purpleheart Ovankol Ramin Red Quebracho Rosewood Rubberwood Sapele Teak Totara Utile Walnut Wenge Willow Zebrano Engineered Crosslaminated Glue laminated Hardboard MDF OSB Particle board Plywood Woodplastic composite Tools Abrasives Axe Adze Chisel Clamp Drawknife Drill Float Gimlet Gauge Impact driver Janka hardness test Jointer Mallet Milling machine Mitre box Moulding plane Plane Rasp Router Sandpaper Spokeshave Square Carpenters Combination Speed Try Thickness planer Timberframing Vise Winding sticks Wood scribe Workbench Saws Backsaw Bandsaw Bow Bucksaw Chainsaw Circular Compass Coping Crosscut Frame Fretsaw Jigsaw Keyhole Miter Rip Scroll Table Veneer Whipsaw Geometry Joints Birdsmouth Bridle Butt Butterfly Coping Crown of thorns Dado Dovetail Finger Groove Halved Hammerheaded tenon Knee Lap Masons mitre Miter Mortise and tenon RabbetRebate Scarf Splice Tongue and groove Profiles Bead Bevel Chamfer Ogee Ogive Ovolo Treatments Adhesive French polish Heat bending Lacquer Oil Paint Paint stripper Steam bending Thermal Varnish Wax Wood drying Wood preservation Wood stain Wood finishing Organizations American Association of Woodturners Architectural Woodwork Institute British Woodworking Federation Building and Wood Workers International Caricature Carvers of America International Federation of Building and Wood Workers National Wood Carvers Association Society of Wood Engravers Timber Framers Guild Conversion Chainsaw mill Hewing Sawmill Whipsaw Wood splitting Flat sawing Quarter sawing Rift sawing Techniques Frame and panel Frameless construction Category WikiProject Commons Categories Woodworking Woodcarving Wood Hardness tests

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