History to 1865 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month What did Europeans need for conquestexpansion Knowledge technologies navigational ships guns wealth purposepower government organization and will CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 171 Terms in this set 171 What did Europeans need for conquestexpansion Knowledge technologies navigational ships guns wealth purposepower government organization and will New technologies used by eurpeans matchlock musket and the cannon how did Europeans change weapons made them much more portable Ships the carvel design allowed them to go out of sight of land more sails allowed them to sail into wind and to direct the boat more easily the bottom was beet to get over big waves and they held cannons New navigational technologies the astrolabe and the quadrant knowledge in 1400s renaissance occurs it means rebirth of knowledge specifically knowledge from greeeks romans and Islamic states wealth rise of the merchant class creating a middle class the merchants worked with kings silk and spices were both important and came from asia unification government rise of nation states spain first of nation states this creates more resources spain gathered a few places into one Alvar Nunez Cabeza first contact with natives in 1528 because of ship wreck Indians took them in and housed them spainish brought dysentery pissed of Indians was took captive for 2 yrs ran away and began trading went from tribe to tribe was widely liked and known became leader of Indians went to SA where Spanish had tken native land told natives to run a lot were stil screwed Columbian exchange wheat and barley from Europe corn potato green bean from America Cattle in sa this causes disease exchange between the people small pox biggest prob espanola had thousands at time of contact then went to 500 ppl population redistribution of ppl due to contact time line of settlement Columbus voyage coretes in mecico pizarro conquers Indians Humphrey gilbert tries newgoundland but it doesnt work raligh made Roanoke colony end got in war after 3 yrs no contact Roanoke was gone JAMESTOWN Jamestown at first 1609 settlers and supplies came one year later only 60 left when started with 500 ppl starved why didnt Jamestown work at first Location marshy disease infested and safety Nature of mission quick route to power resources and gold Type of settlers needed commitment they were merchants smelters and ship builders Relations bad with natives cut off resources they looked at them as savages Was designed as trade out post they were tryin to find all water route to china The people who came over refused to do work they werent brought over to do a cultural thing John Smith Soldier for hire Came to VA captured by turks moved to Russia won over Russia noble woman helped get his name restored adapt at conforming to cultures due to experience with all sorts of people got w pochahantas which helped smooth things over told crafts people if they dont work they dont eat went back bc people didnt with him Long term advocated longterm solutions on how to make Jamestown work advocated for nurmbega John Ralfe got tobacco to England was good because it was addictive high demand money long term solution tobacco good reason to stay in America John smith headright system if come to America you get 50 acres if you bring servant you have another 50 perfect for poor in Europe also gives people a vote cause of land Emerging patterns in colonies ag settlement specializing in cash crops rural few institutions What allowed for a plantation style economy tobacco Who dominated socially the planters few rich lots poor laborers by 1650 how many people were endentured servants 34 of 15000 person pop First record of slavery John rolfes diary spoke of a dutch ship that took over African ship and left them as slaves 16801719 how much of pop was slaves 20 Changing economic conditions land expansion cause of tobacco in England economic growth was profound birth rate decline in England hard to get English to America at this point because Europe is doing so well Bacons rebellion Privelleged spoiled trouble maker became leader of inderntured servants in America most of whom were angry young males goes on expedition with them to wipe out natives rebellion failed Berkley was right and after bacon rebellion you say rise in slavery remember to read on the movie 13114 sdgjs Middle passage middle across the atlantic tight packing and loose packing boats for slaves made for 200250 people but held 400450 ppl Stono Rebellion majority of pop in SC slaves slaves from diff masters got into contact with each other heard rumors if they get to Spanish FLA they are free used drumming to communicate tried to take arsenal get weapons move south and kill whites by end 2025 whites killed 44 slaves behaeded John Smith cont partially responsible for settlement of north after va NorumbegAa John smith responsible north of Chesapeake advocated for settlement over Jamestown rich fishing frounds this place changed its name to new england John Winthrop wanted a model Christian city united together under religion his writing allowed for puritans to have a mission used words like us our for unity writing was source of strength and drive Puritans product of protestant reformation henry made COE cause of wide puritants want to purify church of England from Catholicism cause it was much like Catholicism The reform they wanted came from teaching of john calvin John Calvin protestant reformer Main idea of reformation from john calvin Predestination before you are bron your fate is choosen regarding heaven or hell Problem with predestination No one knows what their eternal fate is so they decide to do what the lord wants them to do to put odds in their favor How did this help the us if they were to fail they think they are going to hell but if they succeed they are going to heaven john calvin results huge drive to succeed House in NE compared to house in VA merchants lawyers leading academics all went to NE there house is nice and built to last NE people came to stay to make money ppl in va came to make money but stability in NE was better Ne was family based settlement so multiple generations stay Why is NE healthier place to live The cold weather in the north kills te bacteria It was said the living in NE put 10 years on your life while living in VA took 10 years off life Winthrop devote puritan gave settler sense of meaning made goo dlife as lawyer 7 sons was governor till his death difference between pilgrims and puritans pilgrims are seperatists and are seen as extremists 1st decade of settlement in new England pop 15k by 1680 there was 56 k Case of Robert Keayne example of how community tried to police and keep godly society came as merchant with 3k pounds guy says keayne overcharged them 2 pents per pound of nails brought b4 general court of mass and convicted fined 200 pounds being publicly shamed is wha tpissed him off most not being thought of as puritan worst sin in puritan society worshipping god in different way being a descenter or heretic Model of puritan wives 15 kids helped out community Case of Anne Hutchinson thought her way was better than the puritan leaders was briht good wife and devout she was forceful with fiath Hutchinson Perspective to know that youre elect good works arent enough you only know when revieving irect revelation from god problem with Hutchinson perspective officials werent getting direct revelations nor were most people aka they weer going to hell Hutchinson charge Sedition seduced honest persons tp metting her word was diff from gods and that hurt the honest persons Hutchinsons trial Winthrop presidesbad 2st day went bad for Winthrop next day Hutchinson came to court with diff attitude tells them god said if they condemn her then they are condemned to hell Hutchinsons punishment Banishment wilderness Indians and danger Life after Hutchinson bansihment goes to rhode island then to NY long island where she and her children get killed by natives and governor Winthrop justifies decision by their death Later problems facing the colonies Population growth causing governmental probs geographical growth material successppl more concerned with material than religion time new generations lost control of colony How was the colonys government taken They took it as gods choice king james didnt like puritans but moreover loved power believed all should be his thought the organization in America was messed up revoked all charters from colonies which stripped them of their colonial identity He wanted a super colony under enfland ran by sir Edmond andros Edmond andros was a dictator and colonies didnt like it and took it as indicator they are going to hell English ppl didnt like him but when he produces kids they had the real problem they overthrow him and installed his protestant daught wurrn mary and king William 3 Causes for revolution colonies wanted identity separate from Europe the great awakening strong sense of political identity that developed in 1700s colonial legislatures britts ran clonies loosely so they were integral could initiate legialation taxes and often had more power than royal governors colonies saw them selves as selfgoverning they were the freest people on earth freer than britts it became theiur political identity and when its challenged they want to defend it political identity based on freedom why didnt colonies want to send reps to parliament bc they wouldnt have a majority vote they believed colonies had the right to pass their own taxes not the english stamp act upset colonies the most the wealthy were screwed and printers were worried they would rise the taxes so huigh they would no longer be able to print the shit about England they had before first mass media event the American war for independence Paul reevers depiction of boston massacre way over done made the colonists look as though they were just being oppressed by the English what sets platform for good leader economic interest political ideals and social standing John Hancock wealthy economic properity went to Harvard good edu Britts started to fine him heavily and with him so he became loyal to the colonies Boston tea tax wasnt that big was a vail out for the east india trading company they could sell directly to colonies with no middle men showed bad brittish politicql virtue because it was a sneaky way to tax tem boston tea party burned east india comp ships and all tea in ocean Coercive cuts 1port of boston closed till the pay back for lost teaships 2mass legislature appointed by king local govt was suspended 3they had to house british troops brittish hope with coercive cuts that this would send a message to all the colonies to not disobey brittish rule first continental congress all colonies bu Georgia met the deleration of rights and greivency was passed decleration of rights and greivency compromise that colonies would pay taxes on imported goods as long as britts wouldnt tax direct things in America it woud end coercive acts and send message at the meeting they decided toboycott trade with britts and start up an American standing militia Who had advantage at beginning of war of independence britts Strengths V weakness Geography Americans Knew the land the routes and backwoods It was rugged and underdeveloped slows britts down An enormous land to try to control Georgiaspain massRussia a long coastline was advantage for brittish mobility at sea Americans had the advantage though Strengths V weakness Militia Britts already had military establishment had all logisitics to sustaina rmy Americans tried to cerate continental army similar to Europe problem for America was poor funding George Washington inexperienced leader britts had advtg Strengths v Weakness Economic Factors Brits win They have national economy in erope they had bank of England had tresuryt they were first country to industrialize big wealth producer American economy lost trade between colonies no national exonomy very decentralized congress was sole rep of colonies no strong institutions Americas biggest weakness Strengths V Weakness Politics Amerca is decentralized british fighting for control o economy trade dominance expand empire Americans fighting for families freedom if americans lost that they lost everything If brits lost it isnt as big of a deal motiveswill power helped Americans wn Diplomacy American advantage brightest minds here ben franklin john adams very good for us The enemy of my enemy is my frined the French Th Saratoga campaign Brits ready to knock out colonies wanted to slice off rebellioius NE from contact with others whole brit army surrenders to American army Benedict Arnold was responsible for win there Moral after this the French had faith in America and decided to back them up Treaty Of Paris Colonists let French calvary between miss and ap mountains granted generous fishing grounds incanda they needed allies this is why they did that The Carvel ship design prince henry the navigator of Portugal sponsored these they small highly maneuverable sailing ship The lateen sails gave her speed and the capacity for sailing to windwardBeing smaller and having a shallow keel the caravel could sail upriver in shallow coastal waters With the lateen sails attached it was highly maneuverable and could sail much nearer the wind while with the square Atlantictype sails attached it was very fast Its economy speed agility and power made it esteemed as the best sailing vessel of its time the astrolobe An astrolabe Greek ἀστρολάβος astrolabos startaker1 is an elaborate inclinometer historically used by astronomers navigators and astrologers Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun Moon planets and stars determining local time given local latitude and viceversa surveying triangulation and to cast horoscopes the wuadrant geometry shit could measure altitude alvar nunez cabeza de caca tries to conquer places in America get ship wrecked frist contact with nativs fed and housed by natives went north by dysentery carried by soldiers ed them so Indians took them captive ecame indian slaves adter 2 yrs ran away bean trading began to no trive went to sa from trive to trive each trive nice became known as a healer became leader of indian people 1536 got to mexico ran into Spanish soldiers ign Indians told his followers to flee but Spanish still seized many followers Hernando Cortez Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas executed a successful strategy of allying with some indigenous people against others He also used a native woman Doña Marina as an interpreter she would later bear Cortés a son tenochtitlan citystate Aztec capital hernan cortes took it Though numerous battles were fought between the Aztecs and the Spanish army which was composed of predominantly indigenous peoples it was the siege of Tenochtitlan that was the final decisive battle that led to the downfall of the Aztec civilization and marked the end of the first phase of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire The Columbian exchange Explorers returned to Europe with maize potatoes and tomatoes which became very important crops in Europe by the 18th century Similarly Europeans introduced manioc and peanut to tropical Asia and West Africa where they flourished and supported growth in populations on soils that otherwise would not produce large yieldsWheat and barley from Europe corn potato greenbeans to America Cattle in Sa DISEASES biggest prob small pox espanola had 15k left with 500 Sir Humprey Gilbert The formality of his annexation of Newfoundland eventually achieved reality in 1610 but perhaps of more significance was the reissue to Raleigh in 1584 of Gilberts patent on the back of which he undertook the Roanoke expeditions the first sustained attempt by the English crown to establish colonies in North America tries to take newfoundland but didnt work and got lost at sea on way abck to erope Walter Raleigh Roanoke colony attempt communication interuptions lead to no one there 3 yrs later so basically failure at Roanoke island it was sponsored by him and his friends had failed attempts at expedition previously Tobacco allowed for a plantation style economy specializing in a cash crop plantation style economy planters rich laborers poor few planters large amount of laborers they first used indentured servitude then slaves but by 1650 15000 ppl or 34 are indentured servants Jamestown Descried as beautiful place for settlement 1609 we settled there in 1610 there were only 60 survivors they started with 500 Why did Jamestown fail location marshy disease sadterty due to water and indians why did Jamestown fail nature of mission Quick route to power resources gold shit they didnt have why did Jamestown fail type of people they broguth smelters ship builders etc but the people would only preform the job they were brought over to do why did Jamestown fail relations with natives cut off trade and resources with them looked at them as savages what was Jamestown designed to be trading out post check out resources quick trade route with china Headright another name for a land grant if you come to America you get 50 acres if you bring servant another 50 John Smith Mercenary came to va captured by turks and made slave escapes to Russia wins over noble women helps get his name restored adapt to cultural lines due to experience with different peoplegot with pochohntas which smoothed shit over with Indians told crafts people if they dont work they dont eat goes back bc ppl dont with him John smith long term solution advocated longterm solution for how to make Jamestown work John Ralfe got tobacco to England England happy good because tis addictive so theres a large market lef diary behind detailed on Jamestown speaks of dutch ship hat came with slaves 20 by 1710 20 was African origin slaves John Ralfe long term solutn tobacco good reason for stayin in America also advocated for more women in america house of burgesses the first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America1 The House was established by the Virginia Company who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America and to make conditions in the colony more agreeable for its current inhabitants2 Its first meeting was held in Jamestown Virginia on July 30 1619 Emigrants who paid their own way to Virginia would receive fifty acres of landrepresentatives chosen by the inhabitants of the colony the right of the House of Burgesses to introduce money bills Slave Trade Began with John Rolfes account of the dutch ship bringing over 20 Land was expanding more tobacco being cultivated englad was doing really well so it was hardf to get them over Bacins rebellion William barkley and him had disagreement over frontier bacon cam into America when idnians were fighting back became leader of indetureds tried to kill natieves winds up dying Berkley wins and slavery took a huge rise after bacons rebellion Slave trade continued incredibly profitale tons of participants profit huge numver of slaves being traded large majoprity of slaves go to Portuguese and Spanish slaves 1112 million put into slavers The Middle Passage middle across atlantic tight and loos packing boats made for 200250 had 400450 American slaves Slave holders want max amt of money someslaves werent sold at times due to them being unhealthy they were trying to market the slave dsentry was common slaves would try to rebell but wouldnt work Goree 400 yrs ago Portuguese sailed south encounted coastal ppl they had kingdoms controlled great wealth at first the est trade propersity attracted brittish and French had no osild was virtually a rock its isolation was attractive to settlers ideal place for trading post 1400s they built shit on coast built military ouitpost rise of plantation system in us changed goree greatly colonist tried bring over slaves the were skilled farmers held up well in oppressive environment profits stopped onl when labor did so labor was curcial as demand rised they changed agreements with African officials so that they could take Stono Rebellion In SC majority of pop was slaves groups got in contact with others heard rumor if they get to Spanish fla they are free already have this card New Netherland East Coast of North America Cape Cod while the more limited settled areas are now part of the MidAtlantic States of New York New Jersey Delaware and Connecticut with small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island The colony was conceived as a private business venture to exploit the North American fur trade During its first decades New Netherland was settled rather slowly partially as a result of policy mismanagement by the Dutch West India Company WIC and partially as a result of conflicts with Native Americans The settlement of New Sweden encroached on its southern flank while its northern border William Penn founder of penn He was an early champion of democracy and religious freedom notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Indians Under his direction the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed colonists pledged allegiance to Penn as their new Proprietor and the first general assembly was held in the colony As one of the earlier supporters of colonial unification Penn wrote and urged for a Union of all the English colonies in what was to become the United States of America The democratic principles that he set forth in the Pennsylvania Frame of Government served In November 1686 James had wished to gain Williams support for the repeal of the Test Acts as this would have delivered a blow to the English opposition The Quaker William Penn was sent to The Hague but William opposed repeal William Berkley Disagreed with Bacon was a colonial governor of Virginia and one of the Lords Proprietors of the Colony of Carolina he was appointed to these posts by King Charles I of England of whom he was a favourite Berkeley enacted friendly policies toward the Native Americans that led to the revolt by some of the planters in 1676 which became known as Bacons Rebellion In the aftermath King Charles II was angered by the retribution exacted against the rebels by Berkeley and recalled him to England norumbega John Allofonsce first found it and described the beautiful rivers it had thought to be a rich native city Samuel de Champlain searched for Norumbega in 1604 and believed he had found Allefonsces river in the form of the Penobscot which he called the great river of Norumbega He sailed as far as the rapids at what is now Bangor Maine but finding only villages his and subsequent maps deleted reference to Norumbega as a town region or even river The word Norumbega was originally spelled Oranbega in Giovanni da Verrazzanos 1529 map of America and the word is believed Model Of Christian Charity Protestant Reformation Puritans are product of the protestant reformation Catholicism split into church of England then chrch of England split to puritans and seperatists henry decided to make COE cause he wanted divorce and get lands that came with religion puritans want to purify COE from Catholicism the reform they wanted came from embracing the teachings of john clavin Predestination that you have been choosen for heaven or hell before being born John Winthrop very devout perfect for giving stettlers sense of meaning made good life as lawyer family prospered was governor had 7 sons John Winthrop writied wanted a model chrisitan city united together under religion this writing allowed for them to be driven have a mission mission being for god Used words like us we brotherly and community to make sense of unity seperatists Separatism is the advocacy of a state of cultural ethnic tribal religious racial governmental or gender separation from the larger group While it often refers to full political secession1 separatist groups may seek nothing more than greater autonomy English Christians in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to separate from the Church of England and form independent local churches were influential politically under Oliver Cromwell who was himself a separatist They were eventually called Congregationalists13 The Pilgrims who established the first successful colony in New England were separatists Massachusets Bay Colony east coast of North America Massachusetts Bay in the 17th century in New England situated around the presentday cities of Salem and Boston included much of presentday central New England including portions of the US states of Massachusetts Maine New Hampshire Rhode Island and ConnecticutThe colony was founded by the owners of the Massachusetts Bay Company The second attempt the Massachusetts Bay Colony begun in 1628 was successful with about 20000 people migrating to New England in the 1630s The population was strongly Puritan and its governance was dominated by a small group of leaders who were strongly influenced by The colony was economically successful engaging in trade with England and the West Indies A shortage of hard currency in the colony prompted it to establish a mint in 1652 Political differences with England after the English Restoration led to the revocation of the colonial charter in 1684 King James II established the Dominion of New England in 1686 to bring all of the New England colonies under firmer crown control The dominion collapsed after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 deposed James and the colony reverted to rule under the revoked charter until 1692 when Sir William Phips arrived bearing salem and witchcraft trrials The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693 Salem Village presentday Danvers Massachusetts was known for its many internal disputes and for disputes between the village and Salem Town presentday Salem Arguments about property lines grazing rights and church privileges were rife and neighbors considered the population as quarrelsome In 1672 the villagers had voted to hire a minister of their own apart from Salem Town The most infamous trials were conducted by the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 in Salem Tituba Tituba was the first person to be accused by Betty Parris and Abigail Williams of witchcraft She was also the first person to confess to witchcraft in Salem Village She at first denied that she had anything to do with witchcraft Samuel Parris beat her until she confessed herself a witch to having spoken with the Devil John her husband became through fear the accuser of others Betty and Abigail then went on to accuse the other two women Sarah Good and Sarah OsborneDespite the fact that she confessed to a capital offense and was a slave Tituba was never spectral evidence Spectral evidence is a form of evidence based upon dreams and visions It was admitted in court during the Salem witch trials by the appointed chief justice William Stoughton The booklet A Tryal of Witches taken from a contemporary report of the proceedings of the Bury St Edmunds witch trial of 1662 became a model for and was referenced in the Trials when the magistrates were looking for proof that such evidence could be used in a court of law ergot poisoning Ergotism is the effect of longterm ergot poisoning traditionally due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea fungus that infects rye and other cereals and more recently by the action of a number of ergolinebased drugs settlement of maryland The first colonists to Maryland arrive at St Clements Island on Marylands western shore and found the settlement of St Marys In 1632 King Charles I of England granted a charter to George Calvert the first Lord Baltimore yielding him proprietary rights to a region east of the Potomac River in exchange for a share of the income derived from the land The territory was named Maryland in honor of Henrietta Maria the queen consort of Charles I Before settlement began George Calvert died and was succeeded by his son Cecilius who sought to establish Maryland as a haven for Roman Catholics persecuted in England In March 1634 the first English settlersa carefully selected group of Catholics and Protestantsarrived at St Religious conflict was strong in ensuing years as the American Puritans growing more numerous in Maryland and supported by Puritans in England set out to revoke the religious freedoms guaranteed in the founding of the colony In 1649 Maryland Governor William Stone responded by passing an act ensuring religious liberty and justice to all who believed in Jesus Christ In 1654 however the socalled Toleration Act was repealed after Puritans seized control of the colony leading to a brief civil war that ended with Lord Baltimore losing control of propriety rights over Maryland in March 1655 Although the Calverts later regained control of Maryland antiCatholic activity persisted until the 19th century when many Catholic immigrants to America chose Baltimore as their home and helped enact laws to protect their free practice of religion settlement of georgia In 1732 James Oglethorpe was given a charter from King George II to create a new colony which he would name Georgia This was located between South Carolina and Florida It had two main purposes to serve as a place where debtors in prison could go to start anew and it served as a barrier against Spanish expansion from FloridaIn 1733 a group of settlers joined Oglethorpe to found Savannah Georgia Georgia began with the intention to have little landholding and no slavery However when it became a royal colony in 1752 plantations and slavey became a major part of the Georgian economy Georgia was in the first group of states to ratify the new Constitution after the Revolutionary War ended the glorious revolution over threw king james 2 of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of OrangeNassau William of Orange King Jamess policies of religious tolerance after 1685 met with increasing opposition by members of leading political circles who were troubled by the kings Catholicism and his close ties with France The crisis facing the king came to a head in 1688 with the birth of the Kings son James Francis Edward Stuart on 10 June Julian calendara This changed the existing line of succession by displacing the heir presumptive his daughter Mary a Protestant and James 2 During his threeyear reign King James II became directly involved in the political battles in England between Catholicism and Protestantism on the one hand and on the other between the Divine Right of Kings and the political rights of the Parliament of England Jamess greatest political problem was his Catholicism which left him alienated from both parties in England James supported the policy of religious toleration and issued the Declaration of IndulgenceBy allying himself with the Catholics Dissenters and Nonconformists James hoped to build a coalition that would advance Catholic emancipation King William and queen mary Mary had a husband her cousin William Henry of Orange Before the birth of Jamess son on 10 Junea William had been third in the line of successiond However there was a strong faction at the English court headed by Robert Spencer 2nd Earl of Sunderland proposing that Mary and William because of their antiCatholic position should be replaced by some Catholic French heirIt has been suggested that the crisis caused by the prospect of a new Catholic heir made William decide to invade the next summer as early as November 168724 but this is disputed It is certain however dominion of new england Stron and unifying motivation community from start strong institution govt schools broader participation in govt possess people with right skills economy propsery quickly with diverse economy on fishinf trade ship building and farming The political structure of the new dominion represented centralized control more akin to the model used by the Spanish monarchy through the Viceroyalty of New Spain It was overthrown as soon as word was received that King James had left the throne in England The Dominion under Governor Sir Edmund Andros tried to make legal and structural changes but most of these were undone Edmond Andros It was too large for a single governor to manage Governor Andros was highly unpopular and was seen as a threat by most political factions After news of the Glorious Revolution in England reached Boston in 1689 it was known that King James IIwho had appointed Androshad been overthrown in large part because of the kings evercloser ties to Roman Catholicism The antiCatholic Puritans launched a revolt against Andros arresting him and his officers Leislers Rebellion in New York City deposed the dominions lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson in what amounted to an ethnic war between English newcomers and Dutch old The Great Awakening Historians and theologians identify three or four waves of increased religious enthusiasm occurring between the early 18th century and the late 19th century Each of these Great Awakenings was characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers a sharp increase of interest in religion a profound sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected an increase in evangelical church membership and the formation of new religious movements and denominations the first awakening The First Great Awakening began in the 1730s and lasted to about 1743 though pockets of revivalism had occurred in years prior especially amongst the ministry of Solomon Stoddard Jonathan Edwardss grandfather Additionally pastoral styles began to change In the late colonial period most pastors read their sermons which were theologically dense and advanced a particular theological argument or interpretation The leders of the Great Awakening such as James Davenport Jonathan Edwards Gilbert Tennent and George Whitefield had little interest in merely engaging parishioners intellects rather they sought a strong emotional response from their congregations that might yield the workings the second awakening The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that occurred in the United States beginning in the late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century While it occurred in all parts of the United States it was especially strong in the Northeast and the Midwest This awakening was unique in that it moved beyond the educated elite of New England to those who were less wealthy and less educated The center of revivalism was the socalled Burnedover district in western New York Named for its overabundance of hellfireanddamnation preaching the region produced dozens of new denominations third awakening The Third Great Awakening in 1850s1900s was characterized by new denominations very active missionary work and the Social Gospel approach to social issues9 The effects of such an awakening are immeasurable It resulted in the addition of approximately one million converts to the churches of the United States It tied the gospel with social work in a manner that had not been seen in this country before the enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in late 17th and 18thcentury Europe emphasizing reason and individualism Its purpose was to reform society using reason to challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith and to advance knowledge through the scientific method It promoted scientific thought skepticism and intellectual interchange2 The Enlightenment was a revolution in human thought This new way of thinking was that rational thought begins with clearly stated principles uses correct logic to arrive at conclusions tests the conclusions against evidence and then revises the principles in the light of the evidenceOriginating in the 17th Century it was Jonathon Edwards is widely acknowledged to be Americas most important and original philosophical theologian rooted in Reformed theology the metaphysics of theological determinism and the Puritan heritage how central The Enlightenment was to his mindset critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening Edwards preached in Boston the Public Lecture afterwards published under the title God Glorified in Mans Dependence which was his first public attack on ArminianismThe emphasis of the lecture was on Gods absolute sovereignty in the work of salvation that while it behooved God to create man pure and without sin it was of his good pleasure and mere sinners in the hand of an angry god preached to his own congregation in Northampton Massachusetts to unknown effect1 and again on July 8 1741 in Enfield Connecticut2 Like Edwards other works it combines vivid imagery of Hell with observations of the world and citations of the scripture This is a typical sermon of the Great Awakening emphasizing the belief that Hell is a real place Edwards hoped that the imagery and message of his sermon would awaken his audience to the horrific reality that awaited them should they continue without Christ4 The underlying point is that God has given humanity a chance to rectify their sins Edwards George Whitefield English Anglican preacher who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain and especially in the American colonies He was one of the founders of Methodism and of the evangelical movement generally1 He became perhaps the bestknown preacher in Britain and America during the 18th century and because he traveled through all of the American colonies and drew great crowds and media coverage he was one of the most widely recognized public figures in colonial America adopted preaching in open air first sermon at St Mary de Crypt Church3 in his home town of GloucesterWhitefield accepted the Church of Englands doctrine colonial assemblies britts ran colonies loosely so colonial legislatures were integral they could initiate legislation taxes and often had more power than royal governors they were freest people on earth colonies cooperated well together and had sense of political identity based on freedom Government in the colonies represented an extension of the English government Courts enforced the common law of England The Governors Council or the Governors Court was a body of senior advisors to the governor The General Assembly was elected by the enfranchised voters by 1750 most free men could vote In New England the towns had annual town meetings The Council Governor council members were appointed and served at the governors pleasure Often their terms lasted longer than the governors as the first act of most new governors was to reappoint or continue the council members in their offices When there was an absentee governor or in a period between governors the council acted as a government The Council as a whole would sit as the supreme court for the colony Like the British House of Lords the councils approval was required for new laws which usually originated in the Assembly The council could be viewed as continuous unlike the Assembly the assembly The Assemblies had a variety of titles such as House of Delegates House of Burgesses or Assembly of Freemen They had several features in common Members were elected by the propertied citizens of the towns or counties annually which usually meant for a single brief session although the council or governor could and sometimes did call for a special session2 Suffrage was restricted to free white men only usually with property ownership restrictions Since land ownership was widespread most white men could vote Taxes and government budgets originated in the Assembly The budget was also connected with the raising and equipping of the militia As the American Revolution grew nearer this contributed to the conflict between the assembly and the governor Mercantilism Mercantilism is a national economic policy aimed at accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade especially of finished goods Mercantilism dominated Western European economic policy and discourse from the 16th to late18th centuries1 Mercantilism was a cause of frequent European wars and also motivated colonial expansion Mercantilist theory varied in sophistication from one writer to another and evolved over time High tariffs especially on manufactured goods are an almost universal feature of mercantilist policy benefits of mercantilism Building a network of overseas colonies Forbidding colonies to trade with other nations Monopolizing markets with staple ports Banning the export of gold and silver even for payments Forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships Export subsidies Promoting manufacturing with research or direct subsidies Limiting wages Maximizing the use of domestic resources Restricting domestic consumption with nontariff barriers to trade navigation acts continuation of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England after 1707 Great Britain and its colonies It is a process which had started in 1651 Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England and stop direct colonial trade with the Netherlands France and other European countries The original ordinance of 1651 was renewed at the Restoration by Acts of 1662 1663 1670 and 1673 subsequently subject to minor amendment These Acts also formed the basis for British overseas trade for nearly 200 years On the whole the Acts of Trade and Navigation were obeyed except for the Molasses Act of 1733 which led to extensive smuggling because no effective means of enforcement was provided until the 1750s Irritation because of stricter enforcement under the Sugar Act of 1764 became one source of resentment by merchants in the American colonies against Great Britain This in turn helped push the colonies to start the American Revolution Motive for navigational acts The major impetuses for the Navigation Acts were the ruinous deterioration of English trade in the aftermath of the Eighty Years War and the concomitant lifting of the Spanish tradeembargoes on trade between the Spanish Empire and the Dutch Republic The end of the embargoes in 1647 unleashed the full power of the Amsterdam Entrepôt and other Dutch competitive advantages in world trade Within a few years English merchants had practically been overwhelmed in the trade on the Iberian Peninsula the Mediterranean and the Levant Even the trade with English colonies partly still in the hands of the royalists as The obvious solution seemed to be to seal off the English and Scottish markets to these unwanted imports The precedent was the Act the Greenland Company had obtained from Parliament in 1645 prohibiting the import of whale products into England except in ships owned by that company This principle was now generalised In 1648 the Levant Company petitioned Parliament for the prohibition of imports of Turkish goods from Holland and other places but directly from the places of their growth2 Baltic traders added their voices to this chorus In 1650 the Standing Council for Trade and the Council of State salutary neglect The term comes from Edmund Burkes Speech or the Conciliation with the Colonies given in the House of CommonsSalutary neglect occurred in three time periods From 1607 to 1696 England had no coherent imperial policy regarding specific overseas possessions and their governance although mercantilist ideas were gaining force and giving general shape to trade policy From 1696 to 1763 England and after 1707 the Kingdom of Great Britain tried to form a coherent policy through the Navigation acts but did not enforce it Lastly from 1763 to 1775 Britain began to try to enforce stricter rules and more direct management Salutary neglect was a large contributing factor that led to the American Revolutionary War Since the imperial authority did not assert the power that it had the colonists were left to govern themselves Great war for empire French and indian war fought between france and brittish French out numbered so allied with Indians It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754 during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22yearold George Washington ambushed a French patrol British operations in 1755 1756 and 1757 in the frontier areas of Pennsylvania and New York all failed due to a combination of poor management internal divisions and effective Canadian French and Indian offenseAfter the disastrous 1757 British campaigns William Pitt Pitt is best known as the wartime political leader of Britain in the Seven Years War especially for his singleminded devotion to victory over France a victory which ultimately solidified Britains dominance over world affairs He is also known for his popular appeal his opposition to corruption in government his support for the American position in the runup to the American War of Independence his advocacy of British greatness expansionism and colonialism and his antagonism toward Britains chief enemies and rivals for colonial power Spain and France The London Magazine of 1766 offered Pitt Pompadour Prussia Providence as the reasons Pitts particular genius was to finance an army on the continent to drain French men and resources so that Britain might concentrate on what he held to be the vital spheres Canada and the West Indies Pitt the first real Imperialist in modern English history was the directing mind in the expansion of his country and with him the beginning of empire is rightly associated The Seven Years War might well moreover have been another Thirty Years War if Pitt had not furnished Frederick with an annual subsidy of 700000 and in addition relieved him of the task of defending western Germany against France this was the policy that allowed Pitt to boast of having won Canada on the banks of the Rhine Contemporary opinion was of course incompetent to estimate the permanent results gained for the country by the brilliant foreign policy of Pitt It has long been generally agreed that by several of his most costly expeditions nothing was really won but glory the policy of diversionary attacks on places like Rochefort was memorably described as breaking windows with gold guineas It has even been said that the only permanent acquisition that England owed directly to him was her Canadian dominion and strictly speaking this is true it being admitted that the campaign by which the Indian empire was virtually won Sussanah Willard Johnson lived in Charlestown newhampshirewith husband james 7 kids got taken by Indians with kids Indians seized britttish colonist and sold thenm to French during war times Proclomation line 1763 confines colonists to the east of an imaginary line running down the spine of the Allegheny mountains YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE American History 1 Chapters 3 and 4 100 terms 11th APUSH Ch 15 19 terms chapter 4 OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 103 terms Health 200 exam 2 38 terms Philosophy Goffstein 11 terms

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


General

Biology

Chapter

Quiz

FLASHCARDS

WRITE

SPELL

TEST

MATCH

GRAVITY

Upgrade

to

remove

ads

Only

Which

refers

to

the

addition

of

a

repeat

segment

of

a

chromosome

a

inversion

b

translocation

c

deletion

d

duplication

e

monosomy

CLICK

THE

CARD

TO

FLIP

IT

d

duplication

CLICK

THE

ARROWS

BELOW

TO

ADVANCE

Terms

in

this

set

Which

refers

to

the

addition

of

a

repeat

segment

of

a

chromosome

a

inversion

b

translocation

c

deletion

d

duplication

e

monosomy

d

duplication

The

most

common

autosomal

abnormality

present

in

people

is

an

extra

chromosome

If

a

woman

is

a

carrier

for

the

color

blind

recessive

allele

and

her

husband

is

normal

what

are

their

chances

that

a

son

will

be

color

blind

since

the

mother

is

only

a

carrier

If

there

is

complete

linkage

with

genes

Ss

for

smooth

or

wrinkled

seeds

and

Gg

for

green

or

yellow

seeds

what

phenotypes

would

you

expect

in

the

offspring

of

a

cross

with

one

heterozygous

parent

Ss

Gg

which

would

all

produce

all

smooth

and

green

seeds

and

a

homozygous

recessive

parent

ss

gg

which

would

produce

all

wrinkled

yellow

seeds

Smooth

green

seeds

or

wrinkled

yellow

seeds

only

Generally

it

is

not

possible

to

determine

whether

nondisjunction

failed

to

occur

in

oogenesis

or

spermatogenesis

However

it

is

possible

to

assert

that

resulted

in

nondisjunction

in

XYY

spermatogenesis

Colorblindness

is

inherited

as

an

Xlinked

recessive

trait

A

male

who

is

colorblind

marries

a

heterozygous

woman

What

percent

of

their

total

children

will

be

colorblind

Which

of

the

following

sexlinked

diseases

is

characterized

by

the

absence

of

a

clotting

factor

hemophilia

When

homologous

chromosomes

fail

to

separate

during

meiosis

this

is

termed

nondisjunction

If

a

person

has

a

portion

of

number

chromosome

missing

they

may

have

cri

du

chat

syndrome

If

a

chromosomal

segment

is

turned

around

the

chromosomal

mutation

is

termed

an

inversion

Down

syndrome

can

occur

if

the

sperm

has

an

extra

number

chromosome

If

a

person

has

short

stature

orientallike

fold

of

eyelids

fissured

tongue

and

mental

retardation

they

have

Down

syndrome

Which

of

the

following

is

NOT

true

about

a

karyotype

a

Homologous

chromosomes

are

arranged

in

pairs

b

Sex

chromosomes

are

identified

separately

from

autosomes

c

All

chromosome

pairs

are

numbered

differently

for

males

and

females

d

Chromosome

pairs

are

assorted

by

both

size

and

shape

e

Banding

patterns

are

used

in

pairing

chromosomes

c

All

chromosome

pairs

are

numbered

differently

for

males

and

females

Which

genetic

trait

is

NOT

associated

with

the

chromosome

involved

in

Down

syndrome

cystic

fibrosis

All

of

the

genes

on

a

single

chromosome

are

A

linkage

group

Genes

on

the

chromosome

determine

if

the

sex

of

a

child

will

be

male

or

female

Y

A

karyotype

will

NOT

reveal

which

of

the

following

genetic

diseases

a

Turner

syndrome

b

Klinefelter

syndrome

c

Down

syndrome

d

cri

du

chat

syndrome

e

hemophilia

e

hemophilia

A

person

with

an

XO

genotype

is

classified

as

having

Turner

syndrome

If

a

person

inherits

two

X

chromosomes

this

individual

will

be

female

The

cri

du

chat

syndrome

represents

a

chromosomal

mutation

type

termed

deletion

Which

statement

is

NOT

true

about

Down

syndrome

a

It

is

caused

by

a

third

copy

of

chromosome

b

Greatly

increased

incidence

occurs

with

fathers

over

age

c

It

is

usually

associated

with

chromosomal

nondisjunction

in

meiosis

d

Characteristics

include

mental

retardation

and

extra

eyelid

folds

e

Affected

individuals

display

mental

retardation

b

Greatly

increased

incidence

occurs

with

fathers

over

age

Which

refers

to

the

loss

of

a

portion

of

a

chromosome

a

Inversion

b

Translocation

c

Deletion

d

Duplication

e

Monosomy

c

Deletion

The

gene

causes

mental

retardation

by

increasing

the

levels

of

purines

in

the

blood

Gart

An

XXX

female

would

most

likely

result

from

nondisjunction

in

the

mother

during

egg

formation

The

reason

that

missing

chromosomes

and

extra

sex

chromosomes

do

NOT

cause

more

harm

than

they

do

is

best

explained

by

the

inactivation

of

any

X

beyond

the

first

as

a

Barr

body

Which

statement

is

TRUE

regarding

the

Barr

body

a

It

is

found

in

the

nuclei

of

females

b

It

is

found

in

the

nuclei

of

males

c

It

is

found

in

the

cytoplasm

of

males

d

It

is

found

in

the

cytoplasm

of

females

e

It

is

a

condensed

inactive

Y

chromosome

a

It

is

found

in

the

nuclei

of

females

Among

the

disorders

caused

by

changes

in

chromosome

structure

are

all

BUT

one

of

those

listed

below

that

one

is

a

Fragile

X

syndrome

b

Klinefelter

syndrome

c

Williams

syndrome

d

Cri

du

chat

syndrome

e

All

of

these

are

caused

by

a

change

in

chromosome

structure

b

Klinefelter

syndrome

Which

of

the

following

conditions

is

NOT

due

to

a

sexlinked

gene

a

color

blindness

b

hemophilia

c

muscular

dystrophy

d

Klinefelter

syndrome

e

inability

to

see

red

or

green

d

Klinefelter

syndrome

Which

refers

to

the

movement

of

a

piece

of

one

chromosome

to

another

nonhomologous

chromosome

a

inversion

b

translocation

c

deletion

d

duplication

e

monosomy

b

translocation

A

colorblind

recessive

trait

woman

will

pass

the

allele

to

all

her

children

If

a

chromosomal

segment

appears

more

than

once

in

the

same

chromosome

it

is

termed

an

duplication

Hemophilia

h

is

a

sexlinked

recessive

trait

If

a

hemophiliac

male

marries

a

carrier

female

of

their

daughters

will

be

hemophiliac

A

person

who

has

an

extra

copy

of

a

chromosome

is

said

to

have

trisomy

Which

refers

to

the

loss

of

a

complete

chromosome

monosomy

Which

of

the

following

would

not

be

the

same

in

a

male

and

female

a

the

total

number

of

autosomes

b

the

loci

for

the

majority

of

their

genes

c

the

types

of

sex

chromosomes

d

the

inheritance

of

one

X

chromosome

from

their

mother

e

the

need

for

sex

chromosomes

cthe

types

of

sex

chromosomes

The

location

of

a

gene

on

a

chromosome

is

called

A

locus

An

individual

who

has

an

XXY

combination

of

sex

chromosomes

is

said

to

have

syndrome

Klinefelter

Which

genetic

disorder

is

the

result

of

a

deletion

of

a

section

of

an

individuals

chromosome

a

Williams

syndrome

b

Klinefelter

syndrome

c

Down

syndrome

d

Turner

syndrome

e

of

these

are

the

result

of

a

deletion

of

a

section

of

an

individuals

chromosome

a

Williams

syndrome

A

male

who

is

colorblind

marries

a

heterozygous

woman

What

percent

of

their

male

children

will

be

colorblind

Figure

The

trait

diagrammed

in

Figure

is

an

recessive

Xlinked

trait

Karyotyping

can

be

used

to

diagnose

which

of

the

following

genetic

disorders

a

Down

syndrome

b

phenylketonuria

c

neurofibromatosis

d

cystic

fibrosis

e

hemophilia

a

Down

syndrome

Considering

that

males

can

have

Klinefelter

XXY

syndrome

XYY

and

normal

XY

chromosomal

combinations

and

females

can

have

Turner

XO

syndrome

polyX

XXX

XXXX

and

normal

XX

combinations

it

is

obvious

that

maleness

results

from

the

minimal

presence

of

one

Y

chromosome

Which

of

the

following

pairs

of

alleles

would

be

most

likely

to

cross

over

a

AB

b

AB

c

ABC

d

AB

e

AB

a

AB

If

an

individual

has

a

XYY

genotype

they

are

classified

as

having

Jacobs

syndrome

Which

of

the

following

sexlinked

disorders

is

characterized

by

an

abnormal

number

of

repeat

sequences

in

the

genome

a

fragile

X

syndrome

b

hemophilia

c

color

blindness

d

Duchenne

muscular

dystrophy

e

of

these

a

fragile

X

syndrome

A

mother

is

a

carrier

for

blue

eyes

autosomal

recessive

and

for

hemophilia

Xlinked

recessive

Which

of

these

is

a

correct

statement

a

All

sons

will

have

blue

eyes

and

be

hemophiliacs

b

It

depends

on

the

fathers

genotype

whether

the

sons

will

have

blue

eyes

andor

be

hemophiliacs

c

The

fathers

genotype

can

determine

whether

a

son

will

have

blue

eyes

but

can

not

determine

whether

a

son

will

be

a

hemophiliac

d

Regardless

of

the

father

no

sons

will

have

blue

eyes

or

be

hemophiliacs

e

There

is

a

linkage

between

eye

color

and

hemophilia

c

The

fathers

genotype

can

determine

whether

a

son

will

have

blue

eyes

but

can

not

determine

whether

a

son

will

be

a

hemophiliac

Which

disorder

is

characterized

by

a

lack

of

the

protein

dystrophin

muscular

dystrophy

What

is

the

relationship

between

linked

genes

and

independent

assortment

Linked

genes

do

not

show

independent

assortment

A

normal

male

marries

a

colorblind

woman

What

percent

of

their

female

children

will

be

colorblind

A

female

with

two

Barr

bodies

in

her

cells

would

have

what

combination

of

sex

chromosomes

XXX

In

fruit

flies

bar

eye

is

inherited

by

an

Xlinked

allele

B

for

bar

If

a

heterozygous

bareyed

female

is

mated

to

a

nonbareyed

male

what

will

be

the

expected

ratio

of

phenotype

given

four

offspring

one

bareyed

and

one

nonbareyed

female

one

bareyed

and

one

nonbareyed

male

Which

trait

is

NOT

part

of

the

linkage

group

found

on

chromosome

a

production

of

elastin

b

Muscular

dystrophy

c

hair

color

brown

d

eye

color

greenblue

e

colorectal

cancer

a

production

of

elastin

What

determines

whether

or

not

genes

located

on

the

same

chromosome

can

assort

independently

The

distance

between

genes

located

on

the

same

chromosome

determines

whether

or

not

they

can

show

any

level

of

independent

assortment

A

female

that

does

not

undergo

puberty

or

menstruate

or

lacks

breast

development

may

have

Turner

syndrome

If

an

individual

has

a

XXY

genotype

they

are

classified

as

having

Klinefelter

syndrome

YOU

MIGHT

ALSO

LIKE

terms

Chapter

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Chromosomal

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Chap

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Chapter

Quiz

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O


Exam 2 Chapter 8 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Cellular respiration is best described as a metabolic process that uses energy from Carbohydrates fats or proteins to produce ATP CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 29 Terms in this set 29 Cellular respiration is best described as a metabolic process that uses energy from Carbohydrates fats or proteins to produce ATP What is produced during cellular respiration Carbon Dioxide Water ATP What coenzymes act as energy carriers during cellular respiration FAD and NAD What type of reaction is glycolysis Anaerobic Glycolysis occurs in the _____ of the cell Cytoplasm During the preparatory reaction what is converted into acetylCoA Pyruvate During glycolysis _____ carbons will enter the pathway but _____ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates A 12 6 B 3 6 C 6 3 D oxaloacetate E 6 6 E 6 6 During the preparatory reaction of aerobic respiration what happens to the carbon molecules A the carbon molecules are broken down from a 4carbon to a 3carbon acetyl group and a 2carbon CO2 is released B the carbon molecules are converted from a 2carbon to a 3carbon acetyl group and a 1carbon CO2 is consumed C the carbon molecules are broken down from a 3carbon to a 1carbon acetyl group and two 1carbon CO2 are released D the carbon molecules are broken down from a 3carbon to a 2carbon acetyl group and a 1carbon CO2 is released D the carbon molecules are broken down from a 3carbon to a 2carbon acetyl group and a 1carbon CO2 is released Which of the following coenzymes will accept two electrons and two hydrogens during oxidation A FADH B NAD C FAD D NADH C FAD Why would an organism utilize alcohol fermentation if it is wasteful of the energy in food molecules and poses a threat of death due to high levels of toxic alcohol A The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction B If glucose levels are not high there may be time to disperse the alcohol waste C Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle D All of the choices are advantages E None of the choices is an advantage anaerobes only survive where aerobes can not D All of the choices are advantages Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol A glycolysis B the electron transport system C the preparatory reaction D the citric acid cycle A glycolysis Aerobic cellular respiration yields about ____ of the energy of glucose in ATP molecules A 39 B 2 C 28 D 15 A 39 AcetylCoA is produced from A ATP and pyruvate B citric acid and CO2 C CO2 and pyruvate D citric acid and a coenzyme E pyruvate and a coenzyme E pyruvate and a coenzyme The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produces ______ ATP from each NADH andor _________ ATP from each FADH2 entering the system A 4 2 B 2 3 C 2 4 D 3 2 D 3 2 Compared with other cell components organelles cell membrane or nucleus the mitochondria would be the only one that would A use a chemiosmotic complex to produce ATP B release protons H C use significant amounts of oxygen to produce ATP D form an electrochemical gradient across a membrane E produce ATP via glycolysis C use significant amounts of oxygen to produce ATP Which statement is correct about the input and output of carbon during glycolysis A there is an input of 6 carbons glucose and an output of 6 carbons 6 CO2 B there is an input of 6 carbons glucose and an output of 6 carbons 2 pyruvates C there is an input of 6 carbons 2 pyruvates and an output of 6 carbons 1 glucose D there is an input of 3 carbons glucose and an output of 3 carbons pyruvate B there is an input of 6 carbons glucose and an output of 6 carbons 2 pyruvates The first phase of aerobic cellular respiration is A the citric acid cycle B glycolysis C fermentation D the electron transport system E the preparatory reaction B glycolysis For fatty acids to enter the citric acid cycle of aerobic respiration the fatty acids must be A converted to acetyl groups B converted into fivecarbon sugars C combined with glycerol D deaminated E combined with ATP A converted to acetyl groups The amino acids we can not synthesize are called _____ because we _____ A anabolic must use alternative amino acids B essential must include them in our diet C limiting must include them in our diet D superfluous must survive without them E unnecessary therefore do not need them B essential must include them in our diet Which process produces both NADH and FADH2 A the preparatory reaction B the citric acid cycle C fermentation D the electron transport system E glycolysis B the citric acid cycle The preparatory reaction breaks A acetyl CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide B pyruvates into glucose C pyruvates into acetylCoA and water D glucose into pyruvates E pyruvates into acetylCoA and carbon dioxide E pyruvates into acetylCoA and carbon dioxide The membrane protein enzyme _________ will transform ADP P Picture ATP as H flow down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix A the sodiumpotassiuim pump B cholesterol C ATP synthase D NADHQ reductase C ATP synthase The majority of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in A the electron transport system B the citric acid cycle C glycolysis D lactate fermentation B the citric acid cycle One turn of the citric acid cycle produces A 2 NADH FADH2 2 ATP B 1 NADH 3 FADH2 2 ATP C 3 NADH 2 FADH2 1 ATP D 3 NADH 1 FADH2 1 ATP E 3 NADH 1 FADH2 2 ATP D 3 NADH 1 FADH2 1 ATP Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water A fermentation B the preparatory reaction C the citric acid cycle D the electron transport system E glycolysis D the electron transport system Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes Some bacteria however are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen If given the choice of using oxygen or not which pathway should a facultative anaerobe perform A Use oxygen because aerobic metabolism is easier B It doesnt matter both processes will produce the same results C Not use oxygen since it is a facultative anaerobe it doesnt tolerate oxygen well D Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate broken down than anaerobic metabolism D Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate broken down than anaerobic metabolism Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ______ ATP molecules A 4 B 36 C 32 D 2 E 39 B 36 Which process produces alcohol or lactate Fermentation The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is__ 1 Glycolysis 2 Preparatory reaction 3 Citric Acid Cycle 4 Electron Transport System YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 20 terms Ch 8 Cellular Respiration Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Fermentation Multiple Choice 44 terms Chapter 8 Study Guide Cellular Respiration 55 terms Biology Test 3 OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 112 terms GRE vocab 14 terms Chapter 18 Intro to Soc 22 terms Chapter 12 Intro to Soc 40 terms AB Psych test four quizzes ch 12 14 15 17 THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 38 terms ch 7 photosynthesis practice question Test 2 Chapter 8 44 terms Chapter 8 Study Guide Cellular Respiration 51 terms Chapter 9 Practice Quiz 2016 52 questions

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