Cheers season 1 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Cheers season 1 Region 1 DVD edition Starring Ted Danson Shelley Long Nicholas Colasanto Rhea Perlman George Wendt Country of origin United States No of episodes 22 Release Original network NBC Original release September 30 1982 March 31 1983 Season chronology Season 2 List of Cheers episodes The first season of the American television sitcom series Cheers premiered on September 30 1982 and concluded on March 31 1983 It consisted of 22 episodes each running approximately 25 minutes at length The show was created and produced by director James Burrows and writers Glen and Les Charles who previously worked on Taxi another sitcom Cheers was produced by Charles Burrows Charles Productions in association with Paramount Television The concept and production design of the show were inspired by a public house in Boston the Bull Finch which is now called Cheers Beacon Hill When it was first broadcast critics praised the series as intelligent sophisticated cleverly written wellcast and welltimed However the Nielsen ratings for its original runs were very low Typically low ratings result in a shows cancellation but before the season finale aired the network renewed it for another season Reruns of season 1 scored higher ratings than its first airing and the series earned award recognitions including five Emmy Award wins in 1983 In later years this season has still elicited positive reviews and is currently available on DVD Contents 1 Cast and characters 2 Episodes 3 Production 4 Broadcasts 5 Reception 6 Accolades 7 8 Notes 81 811 Ratings notes 9 External links Cast and characters This season introduces six characters Sam Malone Ted Danson a bartender bar owner and retired baseball player Before the series premiered his baseball career took a toll due to his alcoholism so he became an owner and a bartender of Cheers Diane Chambers Shelley Long a collegeeducated sophisticated academic who is jilted by her fiancé and left without money or a job Diane is hired by Sam as a waitress She proves to be pretentious annoys customers with her longwinded speeches and becomes the butt of their jokes Carla Tortelli Rhea Perlman a hardworking wisecracking cynical waitress Carla is a divorced mother of her exhusband Nicks four children and then becomes pregnant with his fifth child Diane and Carla do not get along and often insult each other Ernie Coach Pantusso Nicholas Colasanto an aging befuddled gravelly voiced retired coach and cobartender Coach is vulnerable to other peoples exploits which puts the bar at stake Coach and Sam take care of each other as father and son figures whenever help is needed Nevertheless he listens to peoples problems and solves them with advice and analysis Norm Peterson George Wendt a semiunemployed accountant and bar regular Whenever Norm enters the bar people yell out his name Norm Diane however always calls him by his full first name Norman after everyone has already said Norm Cliff Clavin John Ratzenberger a postal worker and bar regular Cliff is often present in the bar and his words confuse or irritate other people The actor Ratzenberger in this season was never credited in the opening title sequence but in ending credits of almost every episode He would be billed in the opening sequence in subsequent seasons Throughout the season supporting characters are explored while Sam and Diane flirt and reject each other In the season finale no longer resisting their temptations for each other Sam and Diane passionately kiss Episodes Main article List of Cheers episodes Original air dates of episodes are not premiere dates for some areas of the United States In those areas episodes may have been broadcast at later dates but these dates are not included in this article This series original time slot was 900pm Eastern 800pm Central On January 1983 it was moved to 930pm ET830pm CT due to lineup changes No overall No in season Title Directed by Written by Original air date Ratingrank 1 1 Give Me a Ring Sometime James Burrows Glen Charles Les Charles September 30 1982 96 60 Boston University student Diane and her fiancé professor Sumner Sloane Michael McGuire plan to marry in Barbados When he receives a telephone call from his exwife at the bar Sumner returns to her and leaves an unsuspecting Diane behind When she tries to change their flight reservations Diane learns that Sumner and his exwife have already used the reservations Owner and bartender Sam offers Diane a job as a waitress which she initially refuses but reluctantly accepts when she finds she can repeat verbatim a lengthy order from one table 2 2 Sams Women James Burrows Earl Pomerantz October 7 1982 147 49 19 share Diane mocks Sam for flirting with Brandee Angela Aames a lessthanbright but flirtatious blonde Sam and Diane argue about Sams serial dating of attractive yet unintelligent women while impatient Brandee leaves the bar with someone else much to Dianes delight Later he uses his exwife Debra Donna McKechnie as a dating charade which becomes foiled when Diane sees an opera pamphlet from two years ago Humiliated Sam blames Diane for making him discontent with his womanizing ways and assures her that he will not give up on winning an intelligent woman Sam wins the argument by tricking Diane to fall for him after he compliments her eyes resembling a color of the sky that he saw at a ski resort although Diane quickly denies her potential affection for him A former customer Leo Donnelly Rhodes comes to the bar seeking advice from Gus the former owner When Leo hears that Gus is dead he reluctantly turns to Coach for help Leos son Ron has a fiancé Rick an AfricanAmerican man Coach advises Leo to simply abandon Ron if he is unhappy about it However Leo mistakes Coachs advice for deliberate reversepsychology and leaves the bar as an accepting father According to Bjorklunds book about the series Gus from the 11th season episode The Last Picture Show 1993 may not be the deceased former owner of the same name In some syndicated prints mention of Sams past marriage is omitted 3 3 The Tortelli Tort James Burrows Tom Reeder October 14 1982 111 63 Carla attacks Big Eddie Ron Karabatsos for insulting the Boston Red Sox including Sam Confronted with a lawsuit threatening either Carlas losing her job or Sams losing the bar Carla tries to placate the issue by seeing the anger management counselor Dr Graham Stephen Keep When Big Eddie next encounters Carla in the bar he is both frustrated and impressed by her selfcontrol and ultimately drops the lawsuit against Sam and Cheers A tough patron who plays for the Boston Bruins Rex Ryon has overheard Eddies insulting comments about his sports team and escorts Eddie from the barapparently to beat up Big Eddie much to everybodys pleasure However Carla still apparently carries anger when she rudely throws the beer mug to a customer from the pool table room Jon Miller a thenannouncer for the Boston Red Sox provides the playbyplay of the game on the television in the opening scene 4 4 Sam at Eleven James Burrows Glen Charles Les Charles October 21 1982 111 62 Sportscaster Dave Richards Fred Dryer wants to interview Sam because no betterknown celebrities are available Later Dave shatters Sams second bid for fame by leaving in the middle of the interview for a nowavailable celebrity In the billiard room Diane tries to convince Sam to take pride in his past but enjoy the present which backfires when Sam tries to kiss Diane Diane flips him onto the pool table revealing her unexpected knowledge of judo To forgive Sam she expresses further interest in Sams baseball reminiscences A con artist Harry the Hat Gittes Harry Anderson makes his first appearance conning people throughout the episode Though credited John Ratzenberger as Cliff does not appear in this episode This is the only Cheers episode in which Cliff does not appear 5 5 Coachs Daughter James Burrows Ken Estin October 28 1982 110 66 Coachs daughter Lisa Allyce Beasley arrives with her fiancé Roy Philip Charles MacKenzie who is rude and obnoxious Coach tries to keep silent about his manner to make her happy but Roy continues to insult others In the office Coach tells Lisa that she is too good for the likes of Roy Lisa reluctantly agrees with her father and says that she will marry Roy only because she is ashamed of her own beauty which resembles her mothers However Coach tells Lisa that she is more beautiful every day like her mother Feeling more selfconfident Lisa tells Roy off and ends their relationship and prepares to celebrate her freedom with her father Diane 6 6 Any Friend of Dianes James Burrows Ken Levine and David Isaacs November 4 1982 124 62 Dianes university friend Rebecca Prout Julia Duffy tells her that she has dumped her fiancé Elliott who has been unfaithful to her In desperation Rebecca wants to have sex with Sam Diane tries to stop them but is unsuccessful and Sam and Rebecca leave the bar Later Sam returns and tells Diane that nothing happened and that he found Rebecca boring depressing and longwinded much to Dianes relief However Rebecca returns in tears and tells Diane that Sam abandoned and neglected her which angers Diane In response Diane and Sam pretend to be in a relationship which boosts Rebeccas selfesteem over the rejection much to their relief Macon McCalman Norm initially limits himself to one beer to avoid being seen as a beerloving barfly However his boss wants to drink more beers Coach initially refuses to break Norms promise but then lets Norm order a pitcher full of beer instead 7 7 Friends Romans Accountants James Burrows Ken Levine and David Isaacs November 11 1982 136 50 Accountant Norm Peterson chooses the toga theme requested by Diane and Cheers for the annual office party as an effort to please his boss Herbert Sawyer James Read When Norm arrives wearing a toga the party turns out to be moribund and without a mood for togas leaving Norm humiliated disappointed and the only person wearing a toga Desperate Norm begs Diane to seduce his boss but she refuses until Herbert turns out to be attractive and about the same age as Diane Later in the billiard room Herbert tries to seduce Diane but when she rejects his advances without success he begins attempting to sexually assault her Suddenly Norm sees Sawyer attacking Diane and saves her by grabbing Herbert who fires Norm Although Norm is unhappy about 8 8 Truce or Consequences James Burrows Ken Levine and David Isaacs November 18 1982 119 63 Sam intervenes in a conflict between Diane and Carla who can not abide each other He warns them about losing their jobs and orders them to patch things up After Sam leaves the bar Carla confesses to Diane that Gino one of her children is Sams child and commands Diane to keep this a secret The next day Diane inadvertently reveals Carlas secret to Coach When Coach tells her that Sam and Carla have only known each other for five years and Gino is seven and a half Carlas confession is shown to be a lie When another conflict between 9 9 Coach Returns to Action James Burrows Earl Pomerantz November 25 1982 100 69 The weather in Boston is very cold Coach has a crush on his new neighbor Nina Murphy Cross who comes into the bar because the heater in her apartment is not working but Coach is too shy to ask her out When Coach has almost given up asking Nina out Diane and Carla cheer him up by telling him that even old in age he is still attractive to woman Nina gets a telephone call telling her that her heater is fixed As she is about to leave Coach finally asks Nina out but Nina kindly rejects his offer Coach purposely falls down the stairs and feigns injury to win her over so Nina helps his injuries in Bill Wiley brings tourists into the bar until Sam kicks him out 10 10 Endless Slumper James Burrows Sam Simon December 2 1982 127 57 After Sam gives a struggling baseball player Rick Christopher McDonald his lucky bottle cap to improve Ricks struggling baseball career Sam experiences bad luck as his bartending skills deteriorate Sam admits to Diane that the cap prevents him from relapsing into alcoholism Sam calls Rick who tells Sam that he lost the bottle cap a week ago in Kansas City Shocked Sam pours beer into a mug and then resists drinking it and claims the new bottle cap as his lucky charm Diane is developing facial tics 11 11 One for the Book James Burrows Katherine Green December 9 1982 124 60 Shy seriousminded young man Kevin Boyd Bodwell planning to enter a monastery comes to the bar for a onetime visit Kevin mistakes Dianes positive compliments about his physique as flattery and tries to kiss her upsetting Diane Feeling bad about it Kevin figures that he is unfit for the monastery and would rather go decadent Then Kevin puts a coin in the coinoperated piano that has not worked for twenty years When it miraculously works he believes that he has healed the piano and will achieve a priesthood After Kevin leaves Coach reveals that he fixed the piano a couple days ago An elderly World War I veteran Buzz Ian Wolfe enters the bar for another reunion with his former troops When no others arrive he realizes that he is the lone surviving veteran of his group Nevertheless all employees and Norm sing a military song to cheer him up Diane writes down quotes from bar customers that appeal to her Sam learns that she omits his quotes as she finds them less than inspiring Frustrated he angrily calls Diane a phony and then says What does a stuffed shirt know about bluecollar poetry which Diane happily writes down 12 12 The Spy Who Came In for a Cold One James Burrows David Lloyd December 16 1982 121 64 Stranger Eric Finch Ellis Rabb enters the bar and claims to be a spy When Diane makes corrections Eric admits that he is not When he pulls out poems claiming them as his own Diane sees him as an aspiring poet and decides to give him another chance However Coach recites a poem that Eric simultaneously recites which turns out to be from another author destroying Dianes faith in him Eric then claims to be millionaire Thomas Hilliard III who wants to buy the bar from Sam with a 2 million check Angry and betrayed Diane tears up the check pieces and expresses no regret 13 13 Now Pitching Sam Malone James Burrows Ken Levine and David Isaacs January 6 1983 148 56 Sam flirts with Lana Barbara Babcock an advertising agent and then becomes her client As a result Sam appears in a beer commercial but he is not happy about it Sam confesses to Diane about the affair so she tries to help figure out what to do until Coach interrupts When Coach threatens to kick Sams butt for lacking the courage to dump Lana Sam reluctantly ends his relationship with Lana and his contract with her 14 14 Let Me Count the Ways James Burrows Heide Perlman January 13 1983 129 61 Dianes cat Elizabeth Barrett Browning has recently died and no one is consoling her for grieving over the pet When she breaks down in tears Sam takes Diane into the office to calm her down and orders her to discuss the cat In her story Diane had been close to Elizabeth the pair enjoyed each others mutual support especially when Dianes parents separated Sam and Diane almost embrace until Diane interrupts and accuses him of taking advantage of her grief for sex They argue and insult each other and decide not to hug each other again in order to avoid Boston Celtics losing the basketball gamebased on Marshall Liptons Mark King book of cybernetics 15 15 Father Knows Last James Burrows Heide Perlman January 20 1983 149 46 Carla is pregnant with a fifth child and tells Marshall that he is the father When Coach tells Diane that Carla and Marshall have never had sex Diane realizes Carla is lying and confronts her Carla admits that the childs father is her exhusband Nick and refuses to tell Marshall this Diane taunts Carla by repeatedly making boomboom sounds from The TellTale Heart a short story by Edgar Allan Poe that Diane has read Still bothered by Dianes antics Carla tells Marshall the truth which ends his relationship with her Fortunately she receives charity from everyone in the bar Rhea Perlman was pregnant while this season was filmed 16 16 The Boys in the Bar James Burrows Ken Levine and David Isaacs January 27 1983 149 41 Sam supports the coming out of his former baseball teammate Alan Autry to the annoyance of the bars patrons including Norm who fear that Cheers will become a gay bar The next day Diane reveals that there are two gay men in this bar The customers suspect that three male newcomers are gay and want them to leave the bar However when three men congratulate Sam for his support the day before Sam decides not to eject them and to avoid turning Cheers into a discriminative place Norm and other patrons announce last call for drinks at 700pm and escort the men from the bar Diane reveals the three men are not gay and that two gay men are still inside The two men in question kiss Norm on his cheeks 17 17 Dianes Perfect Date James Burrows David Lloyd February 10 1983 133 45 Diane arranges a blind date for Sam with an intellectual woman Sam assumes that Diane is his date and does not arrange one for Diane Diane introduces Sam to Gretchen Gretchen Corbett Panicked Sam randomly chooses Andy Derek McGrath an exconvict During their dates Andy stuns others with his murderous behavior frightening Gretchen away When their dates leave Sam admits his actions and clears up the misunderstandings and tells Diane that she may be a perfect match for him Diane infuriates Sam by teasing him for admitting his romantic feelings for her The bar patrons debate the relationship Cheers was postponed on Thursday February 3 1983 because of television miniseries Shogun 18 18 No Contest James Burrows Heide Perlman February 17 1983 159 49 Diane finds out that against her will Sam has registered her into the 45th Annual Miss Boston Barmaid contest a beauty pageant representing bar waitresses of Boston which Diane considers degrading to women While going to decline her registration she discovers that reporters and interviewers will be present so continues with the contest While she is preparing to denounce the contest Diane becomes overwhelmingly excited by winning two tickets to Bermuda and other prizes Although her plans to denounce the contest have failed Diane takes someone other than Sam to Bermuda Cliff argues with another bar patron Paul Vaughn until both apologize to each other 19 19 Pick a Con Any Con James Burrows David Angell February 24 1983 131 58 Coach loses 8000 bar savings to George Wheeler Reid Shelton in rounds of gin rummy a card game Therefore Sam bails out a con artist Harry the Hat from jail and pays him 5000 to get the money back from George At night George plays poker with Harry and with other players including Sam George wins every round when his opponents including Harry fold Coach and Sam discover that in a recent round Harrys four 3s in his hand four of a kind would have beaten Georges straight hand Then George and Harry confess that they have been teaming together to cheat the bar patrons the whole night George threatens to report them to the police for gambling in poker if they try anything However Coach begs for another round with Harry and George alone At the final round Coach rubs his nose as a sign that George could beat Harry with three Queens Harry wins with four 3s and exits the bar When George leaves Harry reenters from the back room and admits that he teamed up with Coach to retrieve the 8000 by cheating George 20 20 Someone Single Someone Blue James Burrows David Angell March 3 1983 147 43 When Dianes mother Helen Glynis Johns is preparing to lose her wealth unless under her fathers will Diane marries the following day Diane and her mother pick Sam to be Dianes groom as suggested by Carla and Sam reluctantly plays along During the wedding in the bar Sam looks at another woman who just arrives angering Diane Sam and Diane argue prompting Helen to halt the wedding Although the fortune is gone Helens chauffeur Boggs Duncan Ross reveals he has been embezzling from the Chambers family for years Then he proposes to Helen who accepts Producers wanted Lucille Ball as Dianes mother but she turned down the role 21 21 Showdown Part 1 James Burrows Glen Charles Les Charles March 24 1983 136 51 Sams brother Derek an unseen character voiced by George Ball who exceeds Sam in success education talent and looks arrives to Boston with his private jet Derek entertains bar patrons with his talents He teaches Coach to speak Spanish for a coaching job in Venezuela and offers Norm a job Derek and Diane begin dating making Sam jealous 22 22 Showdown Part 2 James Burrows Glen Charles Les Charles March 31 1983 147 36 Norm is fired from the job that Derek offered last week the corporation having committed tax fraud Coach loses the coaching job to someone else putting the Spanish lessons to waste Sam and Diane confess their feelings for each other and putting Derek out of their picture However when Diane resists Sams advances Sam and Diane end up arguing then spewing bad remarks about each other and passionately kiss Specials No Title Directed by Written by Original air date S01 Super Bowl XVII Pregame segment James Burrows Ken Levine and David Isaacs January 30 1983 A short sketch running under three minutes The gang is assembled at Cheers to watch the Super Bowl While Diane mocks the game they all meet sportscaster Pete Axthelm Aired as part of 1983s Super Bowl pregame show Other NBC shows Remington Steele Taxi and The ATeam also produced sketches for that years Super Bowl pregame This short sketch is not available on home video Nicholas Colsasnto does not appear in this sketch S02 Uncle Sam Malone James Burrows Ralph Phillips additional material Brian H Sato and Steven Amaya TBA Cliff is about to go on vacation to Tahiti paid for by his investment in US Savings Bonds Sam Cliff and Norm convince Diane Carla and Coach to also invest in bonds Uncle Sam Malone is presented as a complete if short episode of Cheers including opening theme and closing credits and was produced by the United States Department of Treasury to promote sales of US Savings Bonds The abbreviated episode runs 13 minutes and stars the whole main cast of Cheers in character Production Exterior left and interior of the Bull Finch Pub now Cheers Beacon Hill that inspired the shows bar stage set Director James Burrows observed that this series is intended to be about the bar where anybody comes in for any reason not just drinks The show was originally set in a hotel a setting inspired by Fawlty Towers Burrowss favorite British sitcom The producers narrowed the setting down to a hotel bar but later evolved it into a neighborhood bar in Boston according to Glen Charles because it was more cozy The athletic element was added to the bar because the shows creators Burrows and Charles brothers Glen and Les were sports fans The shows bar setting was inspired by the Bull Finch Pub in Boston It was not filmed in the pub but on the Stage 25 lot of Paramount Studios with the set decoration of Cheers The Bull Finch Pub was later renamed Cheers Beacon Hill The entire season is set exclusively in the bar its office and the billiard room no locations outside the bar were used until Diane Chambers apartment is seen in the second season George Wendt John Ratzenberger Their respective roles Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin were not envisioned until they auditioned for a minor originally scripted role In the pilot episodes original script there were only four principal characters Sam Malone Diane Chambers Carla Tortelli and Ernie Coach Pantusso Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin were absent from the original script George Wendt and John Ratzenberger had auditioned for the role of George a character who would have been included in the ending scene of the pilot episode with just one line Beer Wendt was cast as George who evolved into Norm Peterson while a knowitall character Cliff Clavin was added at Ratzenbergers suggestion Therefore influenced by the casting of Wendt and Ratzenberger the pilot script was revised before production began on the show Wendt became part of the programs regular cast and continued until it ended Ratzenberger was credited in almost every episode for his recurring appearances in season 1 and he became part of the regular cast in the following season Sam Malone was supposed to be an ex wide receiver for the New England Patriots football team but Dansons casting led the programs writers to change Sams former sporting role into a former relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox baseball team Nicholas Colasanto director and actor who appeared in the 1980 film Raging Bull was cast as Coach About 1000 actors who were not widely known were auditioned for these characters and Stephen Kolzak was in charge of casting According to Ted Danson Perlman was the first actor to be hired for the show and was cast as Carla Perlman had previously appeared in Taxi as the wife exwife during the shows final season of Louie de Palma played by her husband Danny DeVito Danson and Long were cast as a romantic duo Rhea Perlman was first to be cast Also she was pregnant during the whole season as well as her character Carla At the time the show was being filmed Rhea Perlman was pregnant She told the producers during filming of the third of fourth episode produced or aired and the episodes were filmed out of sequence to allow Perlman to hide her pregnancy with a tray until the episode Father Knows Last after which Perlmans pregnancy was assimilated into her character Carla Tortelli who was pregnant with her exhusband Nicks child for the rest of the season Perlmans daughter Lucy was born on March 12 1983 Drinks and snacks in the show were neither alcoholic nor edible The scotch was made from water the beer was nonalcoholic and was made out of less lingering ingredients with salt to produce a foam and the cheese puffs were not real The bathroom did not have toilets and sinks Canned laughter was not used on the show live audience reactions were recorded on film From episode 13 each episode was preceded with the announcement Cheers is filmed before a live studio audience and this continued during the remainder of the shows run NBC praised the show when the network was given test experiments and ordered initial thirteen episodes to be produced The series Nielsen ratings were low during this season and the network tried to attract more viewers to the series One episode was experimentally shot on videotape to lower production costs but the producers were not satisfied with the results and continued to shoot the show on film NBC also produced a scripted Super Bowl sketch with sportscaster Pete Axthelm which was broadcast during the Super Bowl pregame segment on January 30 1983 along with sketches for other NBC shows including The ATeam After efforts to improve the ratings failed NBC approved production of nine more episodes and renewed the series for the next season Before Where Everybody Knows Your Name written by Gary Portnoy and Judy Hart Angelo became the shows theme song Cheers producers rejected two of Portnoys and Hart Angelos songs The songwriters had collaborated to provide music for Preppies an unsuccessful Broadway musical When told they could not appropriate People Like Us Preppies s opening song the pair wrote My Kind of People intended to satirize the lifestyle of old decadent oldmoney WASPs but to meet producers demands they rewrote the lyrics to be about likeable losers in a Boston bar The shows producers rejected this song as well as later songs that Portnoy and Angelo wrote When Portnoy and Hart Angelo heard that NBC had commissioned thirteen episodes they created Where Everybody Knows Your Name and rewrote the lyrics Broadcasts Cheers was an easy call That is just so well done that we should be sent to jail for cancelling it Grant Tinker NBC chairman and chief executive Cheers was first broadcast at 900pm Eastern 800pm Central on Thursday during fall 1982 which later became NBCs Must See TV which followed the hourlong musical series Fame and preceded another halfhour sitcom Taxi and hourlong crime series Hill Street Blues Cheers was scheduled against CBS s Simon Simon and ABC s Too Close for Comfort Because of poor Nielsen ratings NBC changes its Thursday schedule Critically acclaimed comedy Taxi moved to Saturdays critically panned Gimme a Break moved to Thursdays at 9pm ET8pm CT and Cheers was moved to the 930pm ET830pm CT slot still competing against Simon Simon and ABCs It Takes Two Fame and Hill Street Blues remained in the same time slot The overall performance of the season was 74th place out of ninetynine regularly scheduled shows Despite low ratings and unsuccessful attempts to improve them NBC renewed Cheers for a second season which it announced on March 1983 During mid1983 reruns of the shows first season scored high ratings most episodes reaching the top 20 No Contest was rerun on July 14 1983 at 930pm ET830pm CT and tied with Remington Steele in 12th place out of 65 programs in the ratings week of July 11 1983 Let Me Count the Ways was rerun on May 26 1983 and came 19th out of 63 programs with a 174 rating The Boys in the Bar aired again on July 28 1983 and scored a 128 rating and 23 share In Sydney Australia the first season aired on Sundays on Network Ten from November 1983 to April 8 1984 Reception During the first broadcast of its first season in 19821983 Cheers received positive reviews Rick Sherwood called it evercharming Montreal critic Mike Boone from The Gazette called it unpredictable and the supporting characters splendid Fred Rothenberg of the Associated Press called it the funniest most adult comedy on TV Later reviews were more positive Jason Bovberg from DVD Talk praised season 1s writing quality above its odd assortment of characters and gave its content four and a half stars out of five Steve Butts from IGN called this season some of the best comedy writing and acting seen on television praised the casts performances and gave it nine out of ten points Stephen Tropiano from PopMatters called it fresh and very funny even for a very old show but said that some situations seem forced especially for customers with no connections to main characters He also wrote that the show has witty dialogue talented ensemble and a premise reminiscent of 1930s screwball comedies which compared with the most popular sitcoms of the 1970s Threes Company Laverne and Shirley and The Love Boat Cheers was a welcome change of pace Michael Speier from Variety magazine called it clever and touching with fresh stories and praised chemistry between Ted Danson and Shelley Long Jonathan Boudreaux from the website TVDVDReviewscom wrote while the episodes are often outrageously funny the shows humor is characterbased The laughs arrive from the personalities and foibles of the group rather than from wacky situations He also wrote Cheers is probably one of the best TV series of all time Elizabeth Skipper from DVD Verdict rated the story 90 percent and acting 95 percent and wrote theres nothing terribly unique about the series its fueled by the sexual tension between the two leads and fanned by a wellrounded supporting cast a portrayal of the attempts of a downtown boy to win over an uptown girlits all been done before Matt Brighton from Bluray Authority called the seasons writing and directing clever and was impressed at how this show has stood the test of time TV Guide called The Tortelli Tort a classic episode Accolades We could have no better relationship with a network Les Charles at the 1983 Emmy Awards The first season of Cheers received thirteen nominations for the Primetime Emmy Awards in 1983 It won five Emmy Awards including an Outstanding Comedy Series All the main cast except George Wendt and John Ratzenberger who was not part of the main cast were nominated for respectively their own leading and supporting roles Shelley Long won the award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Glen and Les Charles won an Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series award for the pilot episode Give Me a Ring Sometime Episodes The Boys in the Bar and Dianes Perfect Date were nominated for the same category James Castle and Bruce Bryant won an Outstanding Individual Achievement of Graphic Design and Title Sequences for Showdown Part One James Burrows won an Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series award for Showdown Part Two The programs theme song Where Everybody Knows Your Name was nominated for an Outstanding Achievement in Music and Lyrics award but did not win The Television Critics Association voted Cheers the Best New Series of 19821983 The episodes Give Me a Ring Sometime and The Boys in the Bar won the Episodic Comedy category in the 36th Annual Writers Guild of America Awards in 1984 The Spy Who Came In for a Cold One and Let Me Count the Ways were nominated for the same award James Burrows won the Comedy Series category of the 36th Annual Directors Guild of America Award DGA for Showdown Part Two in 1984 he was DGAnominated for Sam at Eleven but did not win in 1983 On Saturday January 29 1983 Cheers won the Golden Globe Award for Best Musical or Comedy Television Series of 1982 and Shelley Long won a Golden Globe Award as the Best Supporting Actress in Television Cheers did not win any Golden Globes for categories related to comedy television of 1983 at the 1984 ceremony On Thursday March 17 1983 Cheers won the Favorite New Television Comedy Program award at the 9th Annual Peoples Choice Awards DVD release Season 1 of Cheers was released on Region 1 DVD on May 20 2003 twenty years after its season finale and ten years after the series finale One for the Road were broadcast on television Elizabeth Skipper of DVD Verdict rated video quality 80 percent and the sound quality 65 percent but called the menu settings ugly and uninspiring and the special features lackluster and consisting mostly of compilation clips of this season Jonathan Boudreaux of TVDVDreviewscom found the video clear and sharp and found the sound quality similar to that of the television broadcast Cheers The Complete First Season Set Details Special Features 22 episodes 4disc set 1331 aspect ratio English Stereo Closed captioning Region 1 Subtitles Danish English Spanish French Italian Norwegian Swedish Region 2 Setting The Bar A Conversation with Ted Danson Love at First Fight Opposites Distract Coach Ernie Pantussos Rules of the Game Ill Drink to That Stormin Normisms Its a Little Known Fact Cheers Trivia Game Release Dates Region 1 Region 2 Region 4 May 20 2003 24 November 2003 15 January 2004 Notes Buck Jerry January 23 1983 Cheers provides tough education The Modesto Bee Associated Press p 3 TV Magazine Retrieved August 24 2012 via Google News Archive a b c d e f g h Scott Vernon Series Producers Working Now to Get Cheers Telegraph Herald Dubuque Iowa 11 July 1982 20 Google News Web 05 April 2012 a b Bjorklund pp 281295 Television Thursday Anchorage Daily News October 14 1982 Retrieved August 29 2012 via Google News Archive The pilot episode Give Me a Ring Sometime aired on October 14 1982 in Anchorage Alaska a b c d Wisehart Bob December 22 1982 Taxi switch distressing news for tunedin television viewers The Gazette Newhouse News Service p B6 Retrieved July 20 2012 via Google News Archive a b Bjorklund pp 281295 Season One 198283 Bjorklund pp 128 449450 Levine Ken March 31 2004 Where everybody knows their sports ESPN Retrieved December 26 2014 Bjorklund p 285 a b c Buck Jerry April 24 1983 Rhea Perlman Mixes Real Life with Series The PressCourier Oxnard California TV Week p 7 Retrieved July 23 2012 via Google News Archive Television Schedule Los Angeles Times Microfilm ed February 3 1983 Calendar section Brian Raftery October 2012 The Best TV Show Thats Ever Been GQ Retrieved September 28 2012 a b c Cast of Cheers with special material about the Super Bowl Los Angeles Times February 2 1983 Part VI Calendar page 7 Microfilm a b Levine Ken February 6 2010 My Super Bowl Tradition The Lost Cheers by Ken Levine at Blogspot Archived from the original on July 18 2012 Retrieved July 18 2012 Uncle Sam Malone United States Department of Treasury circa 19821984 Retrieved July 21 2012 via National Archives and Records Administration Check date values in year help National Archives Identifier 5076619 Local Identifier 53BONDS14 AgencyAssigned Identifier P0074 Cheering Up Cheers The Rome NewsTribune November 19 1982 p 3 Retrieved September 19 2012 via Google News a b Lehman Betsy October 1 1982 Cheers to the Real Cast Beacon Hill Pub Goes Hollywood via TV Boston Globe Retrieved April 19 2012 ProQuest registration required a b Meade Peter 29 April 1984 Well Cry In Our Beers As Sam Diane Split Spartanburg HeraldJournal p 14 Editions of April 2729 1984 are bundled in the webpage Article is located at page 85 in Google Ferdinand Pamela from The Washington Post September 1 2001 Cheers pub reincarnated Bangor Daily News p G2 Retrieved June 21 2012 Google News Cheers Surges from Ratings Slump The Bulletin United Press International September 30 1983 p 30 Retrieved July 7 2012 via Google News Archives This source explicitly mentions the first appearance of Diane Chamberss apartment without implications Wendt 2009 p 112 a b Wendt 2009 pp 113114 Wendt 2009 p 113 a b Bjorklund p 281 Bjorklund pp 297 a b Meade Peter 29 April 1984 Well Cry In Our Beers As Sam Diane Split Spartanburg HeraldJournal p 14 Editions of April 2729 1984 are bundled in the webpage Article is located at page 85 in Google Carter Bill May 9 1993 Why Cheers Proved So Intoxicating The New York Times p 6 Balk Quentin Falk Ben 2005 Televisions Strangest Moments Extraordinary but true tales from the history of television London RobsonChrysalis p 166 1861058748 Nick Colasanto Dead at 61 Played Bartender in Cheers The New York Times February 14 1985 Retrieved December 27 2011 My thoughts on GQ Cheers article by Ken Levine October 2 2012 Levine refers Stephen Kolzak as Steve Kolzak a b Danson Ted 2003 Setting the Bar A Conversation with Ted Danson Cheers The Complete First Season DVD Paramount Pictures Danson Ted September 17 2009 Ted Danson On Life And Death After Cheers Fresh Air from WHYY Interview Interviewed by David Bianculli NPR Rothenberg Fred February 16 1983 Beers are fake but Cheers arent canned Deseret News Salt Lake City Associated Press p WV11 Retrieved July 16 2012 via Google News Archive DL Stewart December 26 1988 Theres no reason why 2 living room couch potatoes cant wash dishes or is there Milwaukee Sentinel Pt 3 p 1 Good Morning Retrieved July 16 2012 via Google News Archive a b Meade Peter 14 January 1983 Shelley Long cheers up Rome NewsTribune Rome Georgia p 20 Retrieved 24 February 2012 Levine Ken March 18 2012 Another thing about Cheers you didnt know by Ken Levine Archived from the original on July 16 2012 Retrieved July 16 2012 via Blogspot a b Cheers for a second season Beaver County Times Beaver County Pennsylvania Associated Press March 13 1983 p D7 Retrieved June 28 2012 The Story Behind the Cheers Theme GaryPortnoycom Archived from the original on January 18 2013 Click The Cheers Story Hastings Julianne June 27 1983 Grant Tinkers Aim Is Not to Be No 3 St Petersburg Times St Petersburg Florida United Press International p 8D Retrieved July 20 2012 via Google News Archive Tonight Thursday Kentucky New Era December 9 1982 p 26 Retrieved September 18 2012 via Google News Archive Judy Flander January 6 1983 Cheers gets low place in ratings because of Simons competition Wilmington Morning Star p 5C Retrieved September 18 2012 via Google News Archive Bednarski PJ September 3 1983 Why NBC Repeats Look Like New Shows Boston Globe ISSN 07431791 Retrieved July 28 2012 via ProQuest registration required ProQuest document ID 294224469 The author worked for Chicago SunTimes at the time of publication Scott Vernin September 22 1983 Cheers Boosted by Reruns Reading Eagle United Press International p 37 Retrieved July 6 2012 via Google News Archives Todays Television The Pittsburgh Press July 14 1983 p C10 Retrieved July 20 2012 at Google News Archive Check date values in accessdate help Smith Sally B July 21 1983 NBC Moves Past ABC in PrimeTime TV Ratings The New York Times p C23 Retrieved July 20 2012 via ProQuest Thursday May 26 1983 Los Angeles Times May 22 1983 Television Times p 37 Television Schedule Los Angeles Times June 2 1983 p 12 Pt VI Calendar Television Schedule Lodi NewsSentinel Lodi California July 28 1983 12 Google News Web June 13 2012 NBC Wins Nielsen Race Miami Herald August 3 1983 7B NewsBank Web June 13 2012 registration required Article at MiamiHeraldcom subscription required Sundays programs The Sydney Morning Herald November 20 1983 LiftOut TV Guide p 63 Retrieved July 25 2012 via Google News Archive The show might have premiered on November 13 1983 Sundays programs The Sydney Morning Herald April 8 1984 LiftOut TV Guide p 61 Retrieved July 25 2012 via Google News Archive For some reason some episodes were skipped during the period of November 1983 and April 1984 They might have been aired after episodes of the second season were broadcast Thomas Jack June 28 1983 Television Jack Thomas Worst of the Worst Boston Globe Retrieved July 21 2012 via ProQuest Sherwood Rick September 15 1983 Cheers episode is charming Wilmington Morning Star Wilmington North Carolina p 5C ISSN 0163402X Retrieved June 28 2012 Rick Sherwoods article appears in other newspapers according to Google search results Boone Mike 2 May 1984 Cheers Sam and Dianes breakup is a TV event worth drinking to The Gazette p E12 Rothenberg Fred October 13 1983 Love wont spoil Sam and Diane on Cheers Anchorage Daily News p E11 Bovberg Jason May 28 2003 Cheers The Complete First Season DVD Talk Retrieved July 21 2012 Butts Steve June 18 2003 Cheers The Complete First Season Review IGN Retrieved July 21 2012 Tropiano Stephen June 23 2003 Cheers The Complete First Season PopMatters Retrieved July 21 2012 a b Speier Michael June 29 2003 Cheers Variety Retrieved July 22 2012 a b Boudreaux Jonathan July 6 2003 Cheers The Complete First Season DVD Review Archived from the original on June 15 2011 by Internet Archive Wayback Machine Check date values in archivedate help a b Skipper Elizabeth July 14 2003 Cheers The Complete First Season DVD Verdict Brighton Matt Cheers The First Season Bluray Authority Retrieved July 21 2012 TV Guide TV on DVD 2006 The Ultimate Resource to Television Programs on DVD 2005 p 54 031235150X Rothenberg Fred September 26 1983 Ask Why NBC Lewiston Journal LewistonAuburn Maine Associated Press Retrieved July 22 2012 via Google News Archive a b Bjorklund pp 457458 Thursday July 7 1983 The Pittsburgh Press July 3 1983 p TV12 Retrieved July 20 2012 via Google News Archive Scroll the page right at upper half to find the page that has a schedule and find Cheers Critics Like Cheers The Miami Herald Final ed July 10 1983 TV section p 14 via NewsBank Record no 8302240041 Cheers The Boys in the Bar The Writers Guild Foundation 2010 Archived from the original on November 5 2013 Retrieved July 22 2012 Cheers Spy Who Came In For a Cold One The The Writers Guild Foundation 2010 Archived from the original on May 31 2014 Retrieved July 22 2012 Cheers Let Me Count the Ways The Writers Guild Foundation 2010 Archived from the original on May 31 2014 Retrieved July 22 2012 36th Annual DGA Awards Honoring Outstanding Directorial Achievement for 1983 Directors Guild of America 1984 Retrieved July 25 2012 To skim list down click ALL and then Comedy Series 35th Annual DGA Awards Honoring Outstanding Directorial Achievement for 1982 Directors Guild of America 1983 Retrieved July 25 2012 To see all nominees click Winners and Nominees Then to skim down the list click ALL and then Comedy Series Gandhi Dominates Golden Globe Awards Ottawa Citizen Ottawa Ontario Canada United Press International January 31 1983 p 30 Retrieved July 25 2012 via Google News Archive Globe winners at a glance Ottawa Citizen Ottawa Ontario Canada Associated Press January 30 1984 p 60 Retrieved July 25 2012 via Google News Archive Burt Barbara Peoples Choices The Daily Record Ellensburg Washington United Press International August 20 2012 p 6 Retrieved August 20 2012 via Google News Archive And the 9th Annual Favorite New Television Comedy Program Peoples Choice isCheers Web PG Productions Inc March 11 1983 Archived from the original on May 31 2014 Retrieved August 20 2012 a b c Cheers Season 1 TVShowsOnDVDcom Archived from the original on September 16 2011 Retrieved July 20 2012 References Bjorklund Dennis A Cheers TV Show A Comprehensive Reference eBook ed Praetorian Publishing Retrieved June 27 2012 Wendt George 2009 Drinking with George New York Simon Spotlight Entertainment 9781439149584 Ratings notes According to Los Angeles Times ratings from 1982 to 1983 were based on 833 million households with at least one television set Television Ratings column list is located at Part VI Calendar section Below sources originated from Los Angeles Times republished in microfilm copies which may be located in your local library Wednesday October 6 1982 p 11 There are 63 programs in the list Thursday October 14 1982 p 11 63 or 64 programs Schwartz Tony October 14 1982 Mixed Ratings for NBC The New York Times p C29 Retrieved July 20 2012 via ProQuest This episode scored a 24 New York City share Wednesday October 20 1982 p 8 66 programs Thursday October 28 1982 p 12 68 programs Thursday November 4 1982 p 12 75 programs Wednesday November 10 1982 p 11 85 programs Thursday November 18 1982 p 14 65 programs Wednesday November 24 1982 p 10 65 programs Wednesday December 1 1982 p 8 69 programs Thursday December 9 1982 p 10 68 programs Thursday December 16 1982 p 12 73 programs Friday December 24 1982 p 10 Either 120 or 121 as microfilm copy can barely read this weeks Nielsen ratings 73 programs Thursday January 13 1983 p 9 69 programs Friday January 21 1983 p 16 69 programs Thursday January 27 1983 p 8 69 programs Thursday February 3 1983 p 10 67 programs Wednesday February 16 1983 p 38 61 programs Wednesday February 23 1983 p 7 71 programs Wednesday March 2 1983 p 10 67 programs Wednesday March 9 1983 p 9 66 programs Wednesday March 30 1983 p 8 67 programs Wednesday April 6 1983 p 7 69 programs External links Production order of Cheers season 1 at Copyright Catalog Click Set Search Limits select that indicates less than not equal to a year number select Motion Pictures at Item Type type 1984 either hit or click Set Search Limits Then after above step search by title type Cheers and hit or click Cheers season 1 at Internet Movie Database Cheers season 1 at TVcom printable version recommended for users with only dialups Cheers season 1 at TV Guide Cheers The Complete First Season at Epinions Cheers season 1 at Rotten Tomatoes v t e Cheers Episodes Season 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Give Me a Ring Sometime Coachs Daughter The Boys in the Bar Showdown Thanksgiving Orphans I Do Adieu Home Is the Sailor What Is Cliff Clavin Woody Interruptus One for the Road Characters Sam Malone Diane Chambers Coach Ernie Pantusso Carla Tortelli Norm Peterson Cliff Clavin Frasier Crane Woody Boyd Lilith Sternin Rebecca Howe Recurring characters Series The Tortellis Frasier Cheers Spanish TV series Articles Where Everybody Knows Your Name Sam and Diane Cheers Beacon Hill Awards Fear of Flying The Simpsons Homer Simpson v t e Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series The Red Skelton Show 1952 I Love Lucy 1953 I Love Lucy 1954 Make Room for Daddy 1955 The Phil Silvers Show 1956 The Phil Silvers Show 1957 The Phil Silvers Show 1958 The Jack Benny Program 1959 The Art Carney Special 1960 The Jack Benny Program 1961 The Bob Newhart Show 1962 The Dick Van Dyke Show 1963 The Dick Van Dyke Show 1964 The Dick Van Dyke Show 1965 The Dick Van Dyke Show 1966 The Monkees 1967 Get Smart 1968 Get Smart 1969 My World and Welcome to It 1970 All in the Family 1971 All in the Family 1972 All in the Family 1973 MASH 1974 The Mary Tyler Moore Show 1975 The Mary Tyler Moore Show 1976 The Mary Tyler Moore Show 1977 All in the Family 1978 Taxi 1979 Taxi 1980 Taxi 1981 Barney Miller 1982 Cheers 1983 Cheers 1984 The Cosby Show 1985 The Golden Girls 1986 The Golden Girls 1987 The Wonder Years 1988 Cheers 1989 Murphy Brown 1990 Cheers 1991 Murphy Brown 1992 Seinfeld 1993 Frasier 1994 Frasier 1995 Frasier 1996 Frasier 1997 Frasier 1998 Ally McBeal 1999 Will Grace 2000 Sex and the City 2001 Friends 2002 Everybody Loves Raymond 2003 Arrested Development 2004 Everybody Loves Raymond 2005 The Office 2006 30 Rock 2007 30 Rock 2008 30 Rock 2009 Modern Family 2010 Modern Family 2011 Modern Family 2012 Modern Family 2013 Modern Family 2014 Veep 2015 Veep 2016 Veep 2017 The Marvelous Mrs Maisel 2018 Categories Cheers season 1 episodes Cheers seasons 1982 American television seasons 1983 American television seasons

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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Circumflex in French From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Part of a series on the French language Langues doïl Dialects Creoles Francophonie History Phonological history Oaths of Strasbourg Ordinance of VillersCotterêts AngloNorman Grammar Adverbs Articles and determiners Pronouns personal Verbs conjugation morphology Orthography Alphabet Reforms Circumflex Braille Phonology Elision Liaison Aspirated h HelpIPAFrench v t e The circumflex ˆ is one of the five diacritics used in the French language it may appear on the vowels a e i o and u In French the circumflex called accent circonflexe has three primary functions It affects the pronunciation of a e and o although used on i and u as well it does not affect their pronunciation It often indicates the historical presence of a letter commonly s that has over the course of linguistic evolution become silent and fallen away in orthography Less frequently it is used to distinguish between two homophones for example sur on versus sûr sure In certain words the circumflex is simply an orthographic convention that is not due to etymology or pronunciation Contents 1 First usages 11 Jacques Dubois Sylvius 12 Étienne Dolet 2 Indication of a lost phoneme 21 Disappearance of s 22 Disappearance of other letters 3 Indication of Greek omega 4 Analogical and idiopathic cases 5 Vowel length and quality 6 Distinguishing homographs 7 Orthographic reform 8 See also 9 10 Bibliography First usages The circumflex first appeared in written French in the 16th century It was borrowed from Ancient Greek and combines the acute accent and the grave accent Grammarian Jacques Dubois known as Sylvius is the first writer known to have used the Greek symbol in his writing although he wrote in Latin Several grammarians of the French Renaissance attempted to prescribe a precise usage for the diacritic in their treatises on language The modern usage of the circumflex accent became standardized in the 18th or 19th century Jacques Dubois Sylvius Sylvius used the circumflex to indicate socalled false diphthongs Early modern French as spoken in Sylvius time had coalesced all its true diphthongs into phonetic monophthongs He justifies its usage in his work Iacobii Sylvii Ambiani In Linguam Gallicam Isagoge una cum eiusdem Grammatica Latinogallica ex Hebraeis Graecis et Latinus authoribus An Introduction to the Gallic French Language And Its Grammar With Regard to Hebrew Latin and Greek Authors published by Robert Estienne in 1531 A kind of grammatical survey of French written in Latin the book relies heavily on the comparison of ancient languages to his contemporary French and explained the specifics of his language At that time all linguistic treatises used classical Latin and Greek as their models Sylvius presents the circumflex in his list of typographic conventions stating diphthongorum notae ut id est maius plenus mihi mei causa flos pro Translation are representations of diphthongs such as or in Latin maius plenus mihi mei causa flos pro Sylvius was quite aware that the circumflex was purely a graphical convention He showed that these diphthongs even at that time had been reduced to monophthongs and used the circumflex to join the two letters that had historically been diphthongs into one phoneme When two adjacent vowels were to be pronounced independently Sylvius proposed using the diaeresis called the tréma in French Sylvius gives the example French pronunciation tʁɛ for je trais as opposed to tʁai for je trahis Even these groups however did not represent true diphthongs such as the English try t r aɪ but rather adjacent vowels pronounced separately without an intervening consonant As French no longer had any true diphthongs the diaeresis alone would have sufficed to distinguish between ambiguous vowel pairs His circumflex was entirely unnecessary As such the tréma became standardized in French orthography and Sylvius circumflex usage never caught on But the grammarian had pointed out an important orthographical problem of the time At that time the combination eu indicated two different pronunciations y as in sûr and mûr written seur meur or as and in Sylvius work or œ as in cœur and sœur written by Sylvius not only with a circumflex but a circumflex topped with a macron and Sylvius used h c to denote a hard c before e and i Sylvius proposals were never adopted per se but he opened the door for discussion among French grammarians to improve and disambiguate French orthography Étienne Dolet Étienne Dolet in his Maniere de bien traduire dune langue en aultre daduantage de la punctuation de la langue Francoyse plus des accents dycelle 1540 uses the circumflex this time as a punctuation mark written between two letters to show three metaplasms 1 Syncope or the disappearance of an interior syllable shown by Dolet as laiˆrra paiˆra uraiˆment vraiˆment donˆra for laiſſera laissera paiera uraiemẽt vraiment donnera It is worthy of note that before the 14th century the socalled mute e was always pronounced in French as a schwa ə regardless of position For example paiera was pronounced pɛəra instead of the modern pɛra In the 14th century however this unaccented e began to disappear in hiatus and lose its phonemic status although it remained in orthography Some of the syncopes Dolet cites however had the mute e reintroduced later his laiˆrra lɛra is now lɛsəra or lɛsra and donˆra dɔ̃ra is today dɔnəra or dɔnra 2 Haplology the reduction of sequences of identical or similar phonemes Dolet cites forms which no longer exist auˆous avˆous nˆauous nˆavous for auez uous avezvous and nauez uous navezvous 3 Contraction of an é followed by a mute e in the feminine plural pronounced as two syllables in poetry realized as a long close midvowel eː It is important to remember that mute e at the end of a word was pronounced as a schwa until the 17th century Thus penseˆes pɑ̃seː ſuborneˆes suborneˆes for pensées pɑ̃seə subornées Dolet specifies that the acute accent should be written in noting the contraction This contraction of two like vowels into one long vowel is also seen in other words such as aˆage aːʒə for aage aaʒə âge Thus Dolet uses the circumflex to indicate lost or silent phonemes one of the uses for which the diacritic is still used today Although not all his suggested usages were adopted his work has allowed insight into the historical phonetics of French Dolet summarized his own contributions with these words Ce ſont les preceptions préceptes que tu garderas quant aux accents de la langue Francoyse Leſquels auſsi obſerueront tous diligents Imprimeurs car telles choſes enrichiſſent fort limpreſsion demõſtrent démontrent que ne faiſons rien par ignorance Translation It is these precepts that you should follow concerning the accents of the French language All diligent printers should also observe these rules because such things greatly enrich printing and demonstrate that nothing is left to chance Indication of a lost phoneme In many cases the circumflex indicates the historical presence of a phoneme which over the course of linguistic evolution became silent and then disappeared altogether from the orthography Disappearance of s The most common phenomenon involving the circumflex relates to s before a consonant Around the time of the Battle of Hastings in 1066 such postvocalic s sounds had begun to disappear before hard consonants in many words being replaced by a compensatory elongation of the preceding vowel which was maintained into the 18th century The silent s remained orthographically for some time and various attempts were made to distinguish the historical presence graphically but without much success Notably 17th century playwright Pierre Corneille in printed editions of his plays used the long s ſ to indicate silent s and the traditional form for the s sound when pronounced tempeſte haſte teſte vs peste funeste chaste The circumflex was officially introduced into the 1740 edition of the dictionary of the Académie Française In more recently introduced neologisms however the French lexicon was enriched with Latinbased words which retained their s both in pronunciation and orthography although the historically evolved word may have let the s drop in favor of a circumflex Thus many learned words or words added to the French vocabulary since then often keep both the pronunciation and the presence of the s from Latin For example feste first appearing in 1080 fête but festin borrowed in the 16th century from the Italian festino festivité borrowed from the Latin festivitas in the 19th century and festival borrowed from the English festival in the 19th century have all retained their s both written and pronounced Likewise the related pairs tête test fenêtre défenestrer bête bestiaire etc More examples of a disappearing s that has been marked with an accent circumflex can be seen in the words below ancêtre ancestor hôpital hospital hôtel hostel forêt forest rôtir to roast côte coast pâté paste août August château castle fantôme ghost from Latin phantasma île isle conquête conquest tempête tempest bête beast Disappearance of other letters The circumflex also serves as a vestige of other lost letters particularly letters in hiatus where two vowels have contracted into one phoneme such as aage âge baailler bâiller etc Likewise the former medieval diphthong eu when pronounced y would often in the 18th century take a circumflex in order to distinguish homophones such as deu dû from devoir vs du de le creu crû from croître vs cru from croire seur sûr the adjective vs the preposition sur etc cruement crûment meur mûr Indication of Greek omega In words derived from Ancient Greek the circumflex over o often indicates the presence of the Greek letter omega ω when the word is pronounced with the sound o diplôme δίπλωμα cône κῶνος Where Greek omega does not correspond to o in French the circumflex is not used comédie kɔmedi κωμῳδία This rule is sporadic because many such words are written without the circumflex for instance axiome and zone have unaccented vowels despite their etymology Greek ἀξίωμα and ζώνη and pronunciation aksjom zon On the other hand many learned words ending in ole ome and one but not tracing back to a Greek omega acquired a circumflex accent and the closed o pronunciation by analogy with words like cône and diplôme trône θρόνος pôle πόλος binôme from Latin binomium The circumflex accent was also used to indicate French vowels deriving from Greek eta η but this practice has not survived in modern orthography For example the spelling théorême θεώρημα was later replaced by théorème Analogical and idiopathic cases Some circumflexes appear for no known reason It is thought to give words an air of prestige like a crown thus trône prône suprême and voûte Linguistic interference sometimes accounts for the presence of a circumflex This is the case in the first person plural of the preterite indicative or passé simple which adds a circumflex by association with the second person plural thus Latin cantavistis OF chantastes chantâtes after the muting of the interposing s Latin cantavimus OF chantames chantâmes by interference with chantâtes All incidences of the first and second persons plural of the preterite take the circumflex in the conjugation ending except the verb haïr due to its necessary dieresis nous haïmes vous haïtes Vowel length and quality In general vowels bearing the circumflex accent were historically long for example through compensatory lengthening associated with the consonant loss described above Vowel length is no longer distinctive in most varieties of modern French but some of the older length distinctions now correspond to differences in vowel quality and the circumflex can be used to indicate these differences orthographically â ɑ velar or back a pâte vs patte tâche vs tache ê ɛ open e equivalent of è or e followed by two consonants prêt vs pré ô o equivalent to au or o at the end of a syllable hôte vs hotte côte vs cote The circumflex does not affect the pronunciation of the letters i or u except in the combination eû jeûne ʒøn vs jeune ʒœn The diacritic disappears in related words if the pronunciation changes particularly when the vowel in question is no longer in the stressed final syllable For example infâme ɛ̃fɑm but infamie ɛ̃fami grâce ɡʁɑs but gracieux ɡʁasjø fantôme fɑ̃tom but fantomatique fɑ̃tɔmatik In other cases the presence or absence of the circumflex in derived words is not correlated with pronunciation for example with the vowel u fût fy vs futaille fytaj bûche byʃ vs bûchette byʃɛt sûr syʁ and sûrement syʁmɑ̃ but assurer asyʁe There are nonetheless notable exceptions to the pronunciation rules given here For instance in nonfinal syllables ê can be realized as a closed e as a result of vowel harmony compare bête bɛt and bêta bɛta with bêtise betiz and abêtir abetiʁ or tête tɛt and têtard tɛtaʁ vs têtu tety In varieties of French where openclosed syllable adjustment loi de position applies the presence of a circumflex accent is not taken into account in the mid vowel alternations e ɛ and o ɔ This is the case in southern Metropolitan French where for example dôme is pronounced dɔm as opposed to dom as indicated by the orthography and as pronounced in northern Metropolitan varieties The merger of ɑ and a is widespread in Parisian and Belgian French resulting for example in the realization of the word âme as am instead of ɑm Distinguishing homographs Although normally the grave accent serves the purpose of differentiating homographs in French là la où ou çà ça à a etc the circumflex for historical reasons has come to serve a similar role In fact almost all the cases where the circumflex is used to distinguish homographs can be explained by the reasons above it would therefore be false to declare that it is in certain words a sign placed solely to distinguish homographs as with the grave accent However it does allow one to remove certain ambiguities For example in words that underwent the change of eu to û the circumflex avoids possible homography with other words containing u sur sûres from seür sëur The homography with the adjective sure sour justifies maintaining the accent in the feminine and plural The accent is also maintained in derived words such as sûreté du dû from deü As the homography disappears in the inflected forms of the past participle we have dû but dus dues mur mûres from meür The accent is maintained in all forms as well as in derived words mûrir mûrissement Orthographic reform Francophone experts aware of the difficulties and inconsistencies of the circumflex proposed in 1990 a simplified orthography abolishing the circumflex over the letters u and i except in cases where its absence would create ambiguities and homographs These recommendations although published in the Journal officiel de la République française were immediately and widely criticized and were adopted only slowly Nevertheless they were upheld by the Académie française which upgraded them from optional to standard and for use in school books by in 2016 See also Diacritic Latin alphabet Reforms of French orthography References Dubois Jacques 1531 In linguam Gallicam isagoge Dolet borrows heavily from an anonymous pamphlet published in 1533 entitled Briefue doctrine pour deuement escripre selon la proprieté du langaige Françoys Hausmann 1980 p 80 Catach 1995 51 Catach 1995 Casagrande 1984 pp 8990 Catach 1995 52 Tranel 1987 p 58 Casagrande 1984 pp 185188 Fagyal et al 2006 p 31 Site dinformation sur la nouvelle orthographe française End of the circumflex Changes in French spelling cause uproar BBC 4 February 2016 Retrieved 4 February 2016 This article draws heavily on the Accent circonflexe article in the Frenchlanguage Wikipedia access date February 18 2006 Bibliography Nina Catach ed 1995 Dictionnaire historique de lorthographe française Paris Larousse Casagrande Jean 1984 The Sound System of French Washington DC Georgetown University Press 0878400850 Cerquiglini Bernard 1995 LAccent du souvenir Paris Éditions de Minuit 2707315362 Fagyal Zsuzsanna Douglas Kibbee Fred Jenkins 2006 French A Linguistic Introduction Cambridge Cambridge University Press 0521528968 Hausmann Franz Josef 1980 Louis Meigret humaniste et linguiste Tübingen Gunter Narr 3878084064 Tranel Bernard 1987 The Sounds of French An Introduction Cambridge New York Cambridge University Press 0521315107 Categories Latinscript diacritics French language

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City Press South Africa From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia City Press Type South African news brand Owners Media24 Editor Mondli Makhanya Founded 1982 as Golden City Press 1983 renamed City Press Language English Headquarters Johannesburg Gauteng South Africa Sister newspapers Rapport OCLC number 70724022 Website citypress news24 com City Press is a South African news brand that publishes on multiple platforms Its flagship print edition is distributed nationally on Sunday and it has a daily newsletter online platform and other social media platforms These include Twitter Facebook Instagram and YouTube The publication also runs a daily morning newsletter called On a Point of Order a play on the South African Parliament scene which frequently sees members of Parliament rising on a point of order to protest against something that somebody has said Contents 1 History and operations 2 Distribution areas 3 Distribution figures 4 Readership figures 5 See also 6 7 External links History and operations Mondli Makhanya is editor in chief of the City Press news brand The newspaper was established in 1982 as the Golden City Press by James R A Bailey and the South African Associated Newspapers SAAN group The following year Golden was dropped from the newspapers name SAAN later withdrew from its partnership with Bailey and the newspaper ran into financial difficulties Nasionale Pers took over the publication of the newspaper as well as its sister publications Drum and True Love Family on 1 April 1984 The editor in chief of the City Press news brand is Mondli Makhanya He has been at the helm of the news brand since 1 August 2016 Prior to Makhanya the news brand was edited by Ferial Haffajee who joined City Press on 1 July 2009 It counts among its ranks of former editors Khathu Mamaila Mathatha Tsedu and Len Kalane who wrote a book about his experiences as editor of City Press The Chapter We Wrote The City Press Story Distribution areas The newspaper is distributed nationally and in neighbouring countries including Botswana Lesotho Namibia and Swaziland It has a readership of about 25 million source AMPS 2001A Distribution 2008 2013 Eastern Cape Y Y Free State Y Y Gauteng Y Y KwaZulu Natal Y Y Limpopo Y Y Mpumalanga Y Y North West Y Y Northern Cape Y Y Western Cape Y Y Distribution figures Circulation Net sales October December 2012 126 400 July September 2012 135 148 April June 2012 146 054 January March 2012 163 705 Readership figures Estimated readership AIR January December 2012 1 757 000 July 2011 June 2012 1 863 000 See also List of newspapers in South Africa References Media24 appoints Mondli Makhanya as City Press editor Media24com wwwmedia24com Retrieved 20181005 MasseyBeresford John Crawley Helen MG editorinchief Ferial Haffajee to move to City Press The MG Online Retrieved 20181005 Database undated Mamaila Khathu littleblackbookcoza Retrieved 9 October 2012 City Press Website Retrieved 21 June 2013 Audit Bureau of Circulations SA SAARF AMPS Previous Presentations SAARF AMPS Industry Presentations External links City Press website SAARF website v t e Media24 Newspapers National Rapport Beeld City Press Daily Sun Die Burger The Witness Volksblad Son op Sondag Local Sold Newspapers Paarl Post Hermanus Times District Mail Eikestadnuus Worcester Standard Weslander Local Free Newspapers Uitenhage Despatch News PE Express Kouga Express Mthatha Express Queenstown Express Magazines Huisgenoot Drum YOU Weg Sarie Fair Lady Tuis True Love Magazine Idees Mens Health South African edition Kuier Drive Out Digital platforms News24 netwerk24 Journalism portal South Africa portal This South African newspaperrelated article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it Categories 1982 establishments in South Africa Englishlanguage newspapers Media in Johannesburg Weekly newspapers published in South Africa Publications established in 1972 African newspaper stubs South African media stubs

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city press
flagship print
on a point of order


Clancy Fernando From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia WWE Clancy Fernando Admiral Clancy Fernando Birth name Wannakuwatta Waduge Erwin Clancy Fernando Born 10 October 1938 Died 16 November 1992 aged 54 Colombo Sri Lanka Allegiance Sri Lanka Service branch Sri Lanka Navy Years of service 35 years Rank Admiral Commands held Commander of the Sri Lankan Navy Battleswars Sri Lankan Civil War Awards Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya Uttama Seva Padakkama Admiral Wannakuwatta Waduge Erwin Clancy Fernando VSV USP MSc ndc psc MNI SLN In Sinhalese ක්ලන්සි ෆර්නන්ඩ 10 October 193816 November 1992 was the Commander of the Sri Lanka Navy from 1 November 1991 to 16 November 1992 He was assassinated by the LTTE in 1992 as the most senior officer in the Sri Lankan military to be killed in the line of duty Contents 1 Education 2 Naval career 3 Assassination 4 See also 5 6 External links Education Admiral Fernando received his secondary education at Prince of Wales College Moratuwa He was a member of the team Western Band Prince of Wales College Moratuwa After leaving school he enlisted as a cadet officer in the Royal Ceylon Navy in December 1957 After completing basic training he proceeded for training at Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth United Kingdom Admiral WWEC Fernando held the memberships of the British Institute of Management and the Nautical Institute of UK and had obtained a masters degree in defence studies He had also been conferred with the certificate of Master Mariners and was the first President of Sri Lanka Branch of the Nautical Institute of UK Admiral Fernando was a graduate of Defence Services Staff College Wellington India and from the National Defence College in New Delhi Naval career Within the Sri Lankan Navy he held the ranks of midshipman sub lieutenant lieutenant lieutenant commander commander captain and commodore respectively During which time he commanded the SLNS Gajabahu the flagship of the fleet In 1991 he was promoted to the rank of rear admiral and held the post of the Chief of Staff of the navy shortly he was promoted to the rank of vice admiral on appointment to the office of the Commander of the Sri Lanka Navy After becoming navy commander he intensified naval operations against the LTTE effectively denying the terrorist free use of the sea During his service years he introduced the Sinhala communication system into the navy and authored the book on Customs and etiquettes of Services Admiral WWEC Fernando was awarded the Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya Uttama Seva Padakkama Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal and Clasp Republic of Sri Lanka Armed Services Medal Ceylon Armed Services Long Services Medal and Clasp Purna Bhumi Medal Presidents Inauguration Medal and the Sri Lanka Navy 25th Anniversary Medal Assassination He was assassinated by a LTTE suicide bomber who drove an explosives laden motorbike into his staff car on the 16 November 1992 at 835 am in front of the Galle Face Green Killed in the bombing was Lieutenant posthumously lieutenantcommander Sandun Gunasekera his flag lieutenant and his driver He was on his way to naval headquarters at Flagstaff Street in the Galle Buck from his official residence Navy House at Longden Place Colombo after he returned from India after discussing IndoSri Lankan naval cooperation He was posthumously promoted to admiral See also Sri Lanka Navy List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War List of attacks attributed to the LTTE Sri Lankan Civil War References a b Suicide terrorism a global threat wwwjanescom External links wwwadmiralclancyfernandoorg Sri Lanka Navy Admiral WWEC Fernando ndc psc VSV Sri Lanka Navy Glimpses of an admirable Admiral Admiral Clancy Fernando in Sinhala Military offices Preceded by H A Silva Commander of the Sri Lankan Navy 19911992 Succeeded by D A M R Samarasekara v t e Commanders of the Sri Lankan Navy Categories 1938 births 1992 deaths Sri Lankan admirals Assassinated military personnel Assassinated Sri Lankan people Sri Lankan military personnel killed in action Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College Terrorist incidents in Sri Lanka in 1992 Suicide bombings in Sri Lanka Commanders of the Sri Lanka Navy People killed during the Sri Lankan Civil War Alumni of Prince of Wales College Moratuwa Sinhalese military personnel

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clancy fernando
commander of the sri lanka navy