MIS TEST 2 Chapter 4 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month The form of electronic commerce that is used by organizations to conduct business with business partners without involving the end consumer is known as ________ electronic commerce CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT BusinesstoBusiness CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 16 Terms in this set 16 The form of electronic commerce that is used by organizations to conduct business with business partners without involving the end consumer is known as ________ electronic commerce BusinesstoBusiness Which of the following is an example of businesstoconsumer electronic commerce Reuben buys a pair of shoes on Mysticshoescom ________ are twodimensional barcodes with a high storage capacity that are typically used to point the consumer to a particular Web page when he or she scans the barcode with a mobile devices camera QR codes Some search engines offer to elevate a pages position in the organic results after paying a fee This is known as ________ paid inclusion Timothy was reading tournament results of the football World Cup matches on Infogoalisticcom As he was going through the results an advertisement of new football studs popped up This is an example of ________ advertising contextual Which of the following explains Web analytics analyzing Web surfers behavior in order to improve Web site performance A way to ensure that a companys site is on the first page users see when looking for a specific term is using ________ advertising If a companys Web site is in the sponsored list of a search engine the search engine receives revenue on a ________ basis payperclick A recent trend in display advertising has been ________ advertising where the ads placed ona page are in some way related to the content of that page contextual Identify a key driver for mcommerce locationbased services In the context of GPSenabled locationbased services the ability to give route directions from one point to another is an example of ________ service navigation In the context of GPSenabled locationbased services the ability to see another persons location is an example of ________ service tracking Companies pursuing a clickonly business strategy approach business activities in a traditional manner by operating physical locations False Companies pursuing a clickandmortar business strategy have no physical store locations allowing them to focus purely on electronic commerce False The greatest impact of the Webbased EC revolution has occurred in companies adopting the brickandmortar approach True Clickonly companies can often compete more effectively on price since they do not need to support the physical aspects of the clickandmortar approach False

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Computer Technology Practice FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Evil twin address spoofing or MSI CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT An example of an MITM attack CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 25 Terms in this set 25 Evil twin address spoofing or MSI An example of an MITM attack Ciphertext Once a text has been encrypted it is called MITM Man in the Middle What kind of attack allows a hacker to get access to a message and change its context Plaintext An original file or data that has not been encrypted is called Malware Any data entering a device could be RAT Remote Access Trojan This type of attack can be used to create a backdoor to a victims device and can take control over the camera True A key characteristic of a virus is to lurk for days or months quietly replicating itself on the machine Virus This type of malware is not selfdistributing Brute force This kind of attack generates every possible combination of letter numbers and symbols to crack your password What type of attack systematically goes through known words to crack a password Evil Twin Hackers set up an unsecured WiFi Hotspot complete with internet access Zerodayattack This kind of attack exploits previously unknown vulnerabilities Firewall A device or software that is designed to block unauthorized access while allowing authorized communications Encryption Transforms a message or data file so that its contents are hidden from unauthorized users Worm A selfreplicating selfdistributing program is what kind of malware Sideloading What is it called when a app is uninstalled from a source other than an official store Botnet Computers that are organized by a clientserver network controlled by hackers is Malware Viruses worms and trojans can be classified as Key This is a word or phrase that must be known to encrypt or decrypt information Ransomeware Locks a device and demands payment for unlocking it Trojan horse A computer program that seems to perform one function while doing another Backdoor This is an undocumented method of accessing a digital device Virus signature This is a section of code that contains a unique series of instructions known to be a part of malware exploit Spyware Any software that secretly gathers personal information without the victims knowledge is called Eight 8 A strong password should be made up of how many characters

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Test 2 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Raga the Indian system of organizing melodies according to their distinctive pitch content ornaments and their range of associations vary in their names and musical content between the North and South Indian traditions may be associated with the time of day when they are performed or according to the season of the year with which they are linked ie the monsoon season has emotional connotations understood within an aesthetic system known as rasa from a Sanskrit word meaning juice essence or flavor CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 114 Terms in this set 114 Raga the Indian system of organizing melodies according to their distinctive pitch content ornaments and their range of associations vary in their names and musical content between the North and South Indian traditions may be associated with the time of day when they are performed or according to the season of the year with which they are linked ie the monsoon season has emotional connotations understood within an aesthetic system known as rasa from a Sanskrit word meaning juice essence or flavor Karnatak South Indian soundscapes Raga nilambari provides a striking example Hindustani North Indian soundscapes Rag Des in Listening Guide 10 rasa raga that has emotional connotations understood within an aesthetic system from a Sanskrit word meaning juice essence or flavor Raga Nilambari known as the lullaby raga in South India because it is closely related to lullabies the raga is thought to have the same sleepinducing impact on deities as it does on humans best represented in Indian sargam notation has variation in svara order for ascending aroha and descending avahora melodic motion these characteristic patterns and the emphasis on specific intervals and ornaments is a signal for listeners ascending aroha Sa Ri Ga Ma DHA Pa Dha Ni SA descending avahora SA Ni Pa Ma Ga Ri GA Sa used mainly by those who have classical music education or who belong to particular classes castes of South Indian society played in Hindu temples in South India on the nagasvaram a doublereed aerophone Lullaby a song used to lull a child to sleep cradlesong any lulling song tend to be slow and are commonly sung in combination with rocking motions in their union of song and bodily motion they provide an excellent example of musical entrainment Sargam notation provides names for seven main scale degrees in ascending order Sa Ri Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni system is similar but not identical to the Western notion of sclae Svara each scale degree within a raga identifies both its particular place or position within a melody and the way in which it is combines with a type of ornament called a gamaka tonic first and most prominent svara Sa fixed in pitch fifth svara Pa fixed in pitch the remaining five svaras are flexible their precise articulations attacks and releases and ornamentation vary according to their position and context in the particular raga Gamaka type of Indian ornament used in a svara a scale degree that is combined with a type of ornament Kirtanam also called kriti a devotional song composed by Ponniah Pillai in early 19th century titled Amba Nilambari popular today as a concert piece text praises the deity Amba to whom the singer pledges undying devotion Amba Nilambari illustrates that the expressive possibilities extend beyond lullabies or explicit connections to sleep Tala an Indian rhythmic framework pattern consisting of time cycles that contain a fixed number of counts these cycles are subdivided into units with different number of beats sometimes irregular lengths Tala Adi an eightbeat type one of the most commonly heard type in South Indian Musical entrainment an expression used by psychologists to refer to the alignment of bodily motion during the musical experience studies show it can both help regularize motion and modify a persons physical state ie using music to enhance repetitive motion during work or workouts or slowing down our heart rates and relaxing as we drift off to sleep Vocables an alternative word for nonsense syllables Mrdangam South Indian doubleheaded drum provides not just a rhythmic framework but also subtle alterations of pitch sounded when the player presses the heel of his hand on the central membrane of the drum putting a paste of cream of wheat or similar substance on the center of the drumhead lends added weight and depth to the drums sound Quinceañera a traditional Latino celebration marking the passage of fifteenyearold girls into adulthood 15th birthday of a Latina woman coming of age compared to debutante balls in certain circles of AngloAmerican society central musical event is a party or ball hosted by the girls family tradition celebrated in Latino communities in North South and Central America roots in Aztec society celebrates chronological passage and acknowledges a particular cultural or ethnic identity and religious affiliation although not a formal religious occassion bnall is sometimes held in the church hall most celebrants have either prepared for or recently received the Roman Catholic sacrament of Confirmationmarking them as adults in the eyes of the Church Mexican American perceive it not as an initiation into adulthood but as a symbol of historical limitations on women and their choices in society Mariachi A Mexican and Mexican American instrumental ensemble that includes the guitarron vihuela violin and trumpets the musicians in the group After the Mexican Revolution 191017 it arrived in Mexico City as part of a massive migration from rural villages today it can refer to a single musician a type of musical ensemble or a style of music common today throughout Mexico and southwestern US includes as few as 3 players to more than a dozen players dress in charros Genres Rancheras Corridos Polkas Pasodobles Marchas Valses Mexican Waltz and Son Charro costume Mexican horseman or cowboy whose fancy dress associated with the mariachi identity consists of a sombrero widebrimmed hat a short jacket a large bow tie and tight trousers with rows of botonaduras shiny buttons Guitarrón a large plucked four or fivestring BASS lute with an expanded belly that serves as the bass instrument in a mariachi ensemble Vihuela a small strummed FOLK guitar a key instrument in the mariachi ensemble Bagpipes an aerophone with one or more drones and a chanter all attached to an air reservoir or bag allowing for uninterrupted sound prodution have been associated with English imperialism Blowpipe the pipe through which a bagpipe blows to fill the air reservoir or bag Chanter a pipe with fingerholes on which a bagpiper plays the melody 9 pitches available Drone pipes a steady single tone or a pipe on a bagpipe that produces one Reeds a thin strip of wood metal or plastic that is fixed at one end and free at the other and that produces sound when set into vibration by moving air this produces the sound Utricularius Latin word refering to a bag of skin Roman emperor Nero vowed that if the gods saved him from those plotting against him he would mount a music festival and perform on the may be the first reference to a real bagpipe filled with air and used to sound musical pipes Scottish Highland bagpipe or Pìob mhòr literally great pipes the Gaelic name for the great highland bagpipes most widely played today in Irish and Scottish bagpipe bands around the world Gracings doubling birl grips the practice of inserting grace notes addition of one or more notes in slight anticipation of a pitch into bagpipe melodies very short notes that adorn the otherwise continuous sound of the chanter doubling describes a group of several grace notes birl is a type of doubling pinky slides over bottom hole grips are several rapid grace notes in the lower part of the chanters range cutting the insertion of grace notes between two notes of the same pitch in bagpipe melodies divide a sustained sound into 2 or more distinct parts without the grace note a continuous pitch would sound union or uilleann pipes Irish smallpipes with 3 drones a keyed chanter and a bellows to fill the bag smaller than the Scottish highland pipes use BELLOWS rather than a blowpipe chanter can produce a wider range 8ves sweet tone ideal for indoor performances canntaireachd mouth music literally humming a tune vocal music that imitates the sound of the bagpipe Pibroch pibaireachd a genre of solo bagpipe music which consists of a set of elaborate variations on a theme called the allrd urlar consists of a ground or melody with subsequent extended variations ground is always slow and much longer than a march or dance tune melodies are usually simple and many use fewer than the 9 pitches available on the chanter signal lament or mourning emerged thanks to the creativity of the MacCrimmons the MacCrimmons famous family of pipers transformed bagpipe music over the course of 200 years perfecting the playing style composing new forms such as the pibroch and adding them to the repertory and raising the status of the bagpipe from rustic instrument to an artistic venture at the heart of Scottish cultural life Ceilidhs social or musical events dating back to the 18th century and associated with Celtic traditions festive gatherings that include music socializing and dancing rooted in public dances that flourished in the 18th century Diaspora communities people living outside their historic homeland who maintain memories of and attachments to their place of origin immigrant communities living outside their ancestral homelands whether they migrate voluntarily or are forced to do so Greek word meaning dispersion examples 1 Native Americans forcibly moved within North America 2 Russians now living in nonRussuan states of the former Soviet Union most migrations are perceived as longterm or permanent Can be foreign or domestic and involves the notion of home Has expanded in the 20th century through the use of technologies communication and travel Continues to be celebrated through literature and song Written transmission music transmitted through written sources ie song texts some cultures have systems for writing music that carry specific information about musical content including melody rhythm form etc often overlaps with oral transmission Oral transmission occurs when music is transmitted from person to person through hearing music performed can occur both intentionally between teacher and student and informally emerging from casual repeated hearings of for example a lullaby often overlaps with written transmission Musical notation A written transmission that may vary from culture to culture Chinese Migration Began around 1850 Were attracted by the California Gold Rush They would spend years in indentured servitude or come to work on the transcontinental railroad They encountered serious discrimination and intolerance until the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 Many considered themselves temporary residents in the US because they planned to make money and then return home Gold mountain Jinshan Chinese immigrants came to America for the gold rush in California and they would call the United States this muyu a genre of traditional Chinese vocal music whose texts deal with concerns of everyday life performed by men or women in plublic or private also spelled as mukyu syllabic text setting vocal music in which each syllable of text is sung to one pitch melismatic text setting vocal music in which each syllable of the text is sung to many pitches pipa Chinese chordophone Album Naxos World Music Series presents Wu Man playing an electrified with a Western bow collaborating with instruments ranging from an Australian didjeridoo to a bicycle horn Album includes several tracks based on traditional Chinese dances and songs illustrating her ability to bring together traditional and experimental elements erhu Chinese bowed lute Chinese chordophone yangqin Hammered zither with light thin bamboo mallets zeng Zither with movable bridges The player bends the strings with the left hand and plucks with a plectra on the right hand Arab Migration Waves of immigration 1870s entrepreneurial Eden Migration after dislocation by the ArabIsreali conflict Chain Migration and a constant flow of new immigrants kept connections to the homeland alive Chain migration A process of migration in which immigrants follow extended personal and familial networks to a parrticular community process was started by individuals who on arrival sent for other family members and encouraged close friends to join them as well contributed to the formation of large Arab American communities in urban areas such as Detroit and New York Ud Principle chordophone used in the Arab world Has a short neck and a large body with a rounded back Has ten strings paired two to each pitch Plucked with a plectrum made of an eagle feather Qanun a Middle Eastern trapezoidal zither a chordophone without a neck or yoke whose strings are stretched parallel to the soundboard with 26 sets of three strings81 strings played polyphonically with plectra attached to the index fingers of both hands Mawwal a song by Hanan traditional Arab song form that allternates sections in free and regular rhythms text is colloquial in language and content commenting on the pain of migration which by the midtwentieth century was not just an outflow of people but an ongoing movement back and forth between homeland and diaspora song is accompanied by an ensemble that includes the Middle Eastern lute and zither Magam the panmiddle Eastern muscial system huzam is an Arab mode in this muscial system the system governing pitch and melody in Arab music Quartertones pitches that fall between those of the Western scale Responsorial singing singing that alternates solo and choir Antiphonal singing singing in alternation a performance practice that features alternation between two or more groups of singers or players Tarab transcended emotional experience that comes from the combination of highly expressive music and poetry African Forced Migrations Conquest and slavery which continue to reverberate in the background of American life and musical styles Black spirituals Famous Musical repertory that shows traces of painful experiences of African Americans during the slave era that followed their forced movement to the US Slave Songs of the United States Slave Songs of the United States Collection of spirituals From oral tradition originally sung in unison later sung in call and response form Heterophonic texture a musical texture in which two or more parts sound almost the same melody at almost the same time often with the parts ornamented differently Call and response a performance practice in which a leader makes a musical statement and another performer or group of performers respond with a musical answer Improvisation the process of composing music as it is performed drawing on conventions of preexisting patterns and styles Examples include cadenzas jazz riffs and layali A capella singing without accompaniment Texts Transmission of the African American community that also influenced by Western Classical Music Fisk University Opened in Nashville in 1866 Was the first school to allow the education of men and women that were African American Jubilee Singers of Fisk University Travelled internationally and included spirituals in their public performances Paul Robeson famous male African American musician of concert performances of black spirituals Marian Anderson famous female African American musician of concert performances of black spirituals Beijing Opera Highly codified form of theatre that combines and integrates different art forms such as music dance drama makeup costumes mim and acrobatics Known as jinghu or jingxi which translates to theater of the capitol Anhwei opera troupes 1970 when Emperor Qianlong brought this to Peking the capital which became the central developing point Male roles Only men were allowed to perform in opera even female roles were played by men Training Young boys would receive training privately from actors in troupes But often they were born into acting families and the art was handed down from father to son Common sources for traditional librettos Falsetto singing the process of singing by men in a high register above the normal male singing range Sheng Refers to a male role and includes 3 subcatergories lao sheng elderly man xiaosheng young man and Wusheng military man a warrior or general Dan bau Vietnamese zither with a pitchbending bar ken Vietnamese doublereed aerophone nguyet moonshaped longnecked Vietnamese lute with two strings nhi Vietnamese twostringed lute tranh Vietnamese 16stringed zither Jing male painted face characters Powerful or heroic nature Wei civilian Wu military Chou Male comic character or clown Use white patch of makeup painted over nose Movements and gestures are highly codified Xipi Military More vivacious quicker and higher suitable for fighting scenes Gongs cymbals Clapper and bamboo sticks are used The instruments punctuate the actors speech and movement provide sound effects and mark the structural divisions of an opera inculding the beginning ending and scene changes Erhuang Civil Graceful sedate lower and slower app for serious scenes Lead by the Jinghu acc by the yueqin jinghu Twostringed Chinese fiddle Small and high pitched Lead melodic instrument that accompanies in heterophonic texture yue qin A plucked shortneck lute with a large round body and two to four strings Ban Wood clapper Melodic ensemble Used in Civil or Erhuang style of Peking Opera Percussion ensemble Used in Military or Xipi style of Peking Opera Cultural reformation Communist reinvented the opera and decided in 19661976 that dramas should inspire patriotism and portray proletarian hemes They no longer would depict ancient heroes but contemporary people in their everyday lives Revolutionary Opera Yangbanxi Actors spoke in everyday dialect of Beijing The conventional elaborate costumes with their water leaves artificial beards and heavy makeup were replaced by everyday clothing Works had strong political overtones Capoeira A blurred Genre A combination of a martial art a game a sport a dance and a musical performance Roda Participants form a circle and take turns playing instruments and sparring in pairs in the center of the ring Ginga the sway in Capoeira It is the fundamental movementmoving back and forth Malicia cunning or deception Denotes positive aspects of character A talent for deception playfulness and street smartness Involves the mastery of ambiguous embodiment Function of music It determines the beginning and end of a game the tone and the speed It affects how the game unfolds and sets the style of interaction Propels and regulates movement By making pervasive reference to the history of capoeira in songs this generates a sonic world evoking the arts meaning and past Songstopics Serve as a commentary on the game or become a medium for verbal play The soloist Mestre directs the two players enhances their game by improvising and engages all participants Call and Response and Narrative Form Songs recall epic stories about famous capoeristas Remind those that the roda art arose form violence and struggle As well as religious prayers love and humorous commentaries on the game Berimbau Capoeiras lead instrument It is a singlestringed musical bow with a gourd resonatorIt is played by striking the string with a stick Changes in register are obtained by pressing the string with a large metal coin or smooth stone against it Three are usually present in the traditional roda Caxixi Wicker rattle with seeds used in Capoeira game Pandeiro Similar to the traditional tambourine used in Capoeira game Atabaque A tall cylindrical drum conga drum used in Capoeira game Agogo Resembles a double cowbell used in Capoeira game Recoreco A scraper similar to a guitar used in Capoeira game Three styles Angola Regional Atual Three styles of Capoeira and are still practiced throughout Brazil and beyond ____ __________contemporary instrumentation harp chordophone whose strings run at an angle away from the soundboard subcategorized by shape playing position and tunings trompetstrumpets an aerophone in which the players compressed lips cause the air in the instrument to vibrate violins small bowed lute with a hollow wooden body and a solid neck to which the fingerboard is attached song texts performance occasions manner in which music is interpreted and performed kilt kneelength garment with pleats Traditional attire of men and boys in the Scottish Highlands Patterns represent what clan or family you belong to ballads a song genre commemorating important events and individuals usually strophic form each stanza consists of four lines each 2line part arranged as 43 poetic feet British immigrants starting in the 17th century carried with them they settled in the mountains now known as Virginia and Kentucky voluntary migration the movement of people into a new region by choice motivated by an attraction to new locale Began around 1850 and was brought on because of the California Gold Rush Dizi transverse flute sideblown Chinese flute 6finger holes membrane hole that can be covered up with various membranes to make a different sound normally made of bamboo performed in Chinese Peking Opera Xiao flute ancient Chinese vertical endblown flute Xun vessel flute Gentle Wind clay vessel flute Religions Melismas Heterophonic texture melodic elaborations of many pitches to a syllable OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 14 terms OCNG Exam 4 151 terms OCNG Exam 3 34 terms Music Theory I Exam 2 114 terms OCNG Exam 2 THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 97 terms Test 1 108 terms MUSC Test 3 15 terms Test 3 songs 21 terms 1st EXAM music

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O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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Hematology Cell Identification FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Polychromasia CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT Ribosomal RNA CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE Terms in this set 45 Polychromasia Ribosomal RNA Acanthocytes Unevenly spaced spiny projections 210 Burr Cells crenated cells 10 evenly spaced bumps Schistocytes Elliptocytes Sickle cell oat cell drepanocyte Target cell Stomatocyte HowellJolly Bodies Chromosomal remnant DNA Pappenheimer Bodies siderocyte Prussian Blue Stain Nonheme Fe deposits Basophilic stippling Fine or Coarse Polyribosomal and Mitochondrial Fragments Cabot ring Seen in Sideroblastic Anemia but not a sideroblast Heinz Bodies G6PD DeficiencyDefect in Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Supravital Stain Crystal Violet Brilliant Cresol Blue Hemoglobin crystals Babesia Plasmodium Falciparum Schuffners dots Plasmodium Vivax Toxic Granulation Dohle Bodies Residual RNA Reactive Lymphocyte Agranular platelets pronormoblast Nucleoli present chromatin not clumped NC ratio is 81 61 Erythropoiesis 1424 um Basophilic normoblast illdefined nucleoli chromatin coarser than pronormoblast cytoplasm may have pink tinge NC 6141 Erythropoiesis 1217 um Polychromatophilic normoblast no nucleoli thickcondensed chromatin more pink in cytoplasm NC 4121 Erythropoiesis 1015 um Orthochromatic normoblast degenerating nucleus pyknotic NC 1112 no nucleoli Erythropoiesis 812 um Polychromatophilic erythrocyte slight blueing due to RNA present Erythropoiesis Stage for dark RBCs 810 um normal RBC is 78 um Pronormoblast Basophilic normoblast Polychromatophilic normoblast Orthochromatic normoblast Polychromatophilic erythrocyte Erythrocyte the PB POPE List the 6 stages of erythropoiesis Myeloblast 13 nucleoli 7151 Myelopoiesis 1520 um Very loose chromatin Promyelocyte 12 nucleoli slight chromatin aggregation primary granules Myelopoiesis 1224 um Myelocyte primary and secondary granules nucleoli absent Myelopoiesis 1018 um Metamyelocyte Myelopoiesis 1018 um Myeloblast Promyelocyte myelocyte metamyelocyte band neutrophil neutrophil list the stages of myelopoiesis malignant myeloblast What type of blast might have auerrods in it Monoblast 12 nucleoli 7141 oval or folded blue cytoplasm Monopoiesis 1525 um Promonocyte 02 nucleoli cerebriform folding reddishppl nucleus cytoplasm paler grey Monopoiesis 420 um Monocyte nucleoli absent Monopoiesis 1218 um Lymphoblast 12 nucleoli 7141 Lymphopoiesis 1020 um Prolymphocyte 01 nucleoli clumped chromatin Lymphopoiesis Lymphocyte megakaryoblast 12 nucleoli 2045 um Promegokaryoblast 01 nucleoli 2080 um megakaryocyte 1112 rouleux siderocyte dacrocyte teardrop

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Ch13 Organizational Structure FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Organizational Structure CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT Formally dictates how jobs and tasks are divided and coordinated between individuals and groups within the company CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 28 Terms in this set 28 Organizational Structure Formally dictates how jobs and tasks are divided and coordinated between individuals and groups within the company Organizational Chart A drawing that represents every job in the organization and the formal reporting relationships between those jobs Elements of Organizational Structure Describes how work tasks authority relationships and decision making responsibilities are organized within the company Work Specialization Chain of Command Span of Control Centralization Formalization Work Specialization The degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs Chain of Command Answer to the question of who reports to whom and signifies formal authority relationships specific flow of authority down through the levels of an organizations structure organizations depend on this flow of authority to attain order control and predictable performance Span of Control Represents how many employees each manager in the organization has responsibility for Narrow span managers are more handson with employees give them opportunity to use directive leadership styles while developing close mentoring relationships with employees especially important if manager has substantially more skill or expertise than the subordinates requires organizations to hire many managers increase labour costs if too narrow employees become resentful of close supervision organizational performance increases as span of control increases but up to point Organizations span of control affects how tall or flat organizational char becomes narrow span of control with many hierarchical levels tall structure when organization becomes taller more layers of management means having to pay more management salaries and communication in the organization becomes more complex as each new layer becomes one more point through which information must pass when travelling upward or downward and ability for an organization to make decisions becomes slower because approval for decisions has to be authorized at every step of hierarchy Centralization Aspect of structure that dictates where decisions are formally made in organizations highly centralized only top managers within company have authority to make final decisions concentrate power and authority within a relatively tight group of individuals in the firm formal authority over important decisions decentralized decision making authority is pushed down to lower level employees and these employees feel empowered to make decisions on their own decentralization becomes necessary as a company grows larger sooner or later top management will not be able to make every single decision on their own Formalization The degree to which rules and procedures are used to standardize behaviours and decisions in an organization a necessary coordination mechanism that organizations rely on to get a standardized product or to deliver a standardized service Mechanistic organizations Efficient rigid predictable and standardized organizations that thrive in stable environments high levels of formalization a rigid and hierarchical chain of command Very clear lines of authority employees know exactly whom they report to high degrees of work specialization employees are given a very narrow view of the tasks they are to perform they are encouraged to develop firmspecific knowledge and expertise within their area of specialization centralization of decision making employees are not encouraged to make decisions without their managers consent and narrow spans of control Information is passed through vertical communication between an employee and his or her supervisor Organic organizations Flexible adaptive outwardfocused organizations that thrive in dynamic environments low levels of formalization employees are encouraged to develop knowledge and expertise outside of their specialization weak or multiple chains of command although there might me a specified chain of command employees think more broadly in terms of where their responsibilities lie lateral communication is encouraged focusing on information and advice as opposed to orders low levels of work specialization employees are encouraged to take a broad view of the tasks they are to perform and wide spans of control knowledge and expertise are decentralized employees are encouraged to make their own decisions when appropriate Organizational Design The process of creating selecting or changing the structure of an organization organizations proactively design it to match their specific circumstances and needs Some unintentionally develop on its own without careful planning may be forced to change their structure to become more effective Factors that influence the process of organizational design the environment in which the organization does business its strategy and technology and the size of the firm Business environment The outside environment including customers competitors suppliers and distributors economy everything outside the organization and within the industry which all have an impact on organizational design one of the biggest factors in an environments effect on structure is stability amount of change stable or dynamic Stable environments dont change frequently and any changes that do occur happen very slowly allow organizations to focus on efficiency and require little change over time Dynamic Environments change on a frequent basis and require organizations to have structures that are more adaptive diversity increases stakeholders uncertainty whether you can predict the future clear or unknown To the extent if you have a lot of diversity instability and uncertainty then youre going to have more organic structures flexibility adapt fluid Company Strategy An organizations objectives and goals and how it tries to capitalize on its assets to make money Efficient or Innovative Two common strategies lowcost producer or a differentiator lowcost producer strategy rely on selling products at the lowest possible cost focus on being as efficient as they can rely on routine technology produce identical productprocess more likely to take a mechanistic approach differentiation strategy rather than focusing on supplying a product or service at the lowest cost these companies believe that people will pay more for a product thats unique in some way higher level of quality or offers features that a lowcost product doesnt complex technology custom productservict creativity differentiation often hinges on adjusting to changing environment quickly which makes an organic structure more appropriate Technology The method by which an organization transforms inputs to outputs the more routine a technology is the more mechanistic a structure should be if technologies need to be changed or altered to sit the needs of various consumers decisions would be more decentralized and the rules and procedures the organization relies on would need to be more flexible Company size The number of employees in a company as organizations become larger they need to rely on some combination of specialization formalization and centralization to control activities thereby becoming more mechanistic in nature as organizations get bigger they attempt to create smaller units within firm to create a feeling of smallness As company gets bigger important to divide up tasks become more efficient bc you cant have everyone doing everything all the time Overtime organizations goes from small and organic to more mechanistic and bureaucratic more dividing and more layers of management challenges becomes how to maintain some organic qualities Coordination Each time you divide up tasks you have to coordinate different units have to communicate and work together towards same goals 1 Mutual Adjustment talk among yourselves discussion 2 formalization everything spelled out and everyone knows predetermined what happens and who does what might not need to talk and coordinate 3 management organizes coordination among units new layers more mechanistic and bureaucratic more dividing and more layers of management Common Organizational Forms Simple Structure Bureaucratic structures functional structure Multidivisional structure product structure geographic structure clientbased structure Simple structure An organizational form that features one person as the central decisionmaking figure a flat organization not large enough to have a high degree of formalization and will only have very basic differences in work specialization perfect sense for small organization employees can come and go with no major ripple effects As business grows coordinating effects on the part of the ownermanager become increasingly more complex more layers of management Bureaucratic structure An organizational form that exhibits many of the facets of a mechanistic organization designed for efficiency and rely on high levels of work specialization formalization centralization of authority rigid and welldefined chains of command relatively narrow spans of control job seekers with high selfesteem are less bothered by centralization negative effect of centralization on organizational attractiveness is weaker for them they feel confident that they can fight the bureaucracy if they need to Functional structure the most basic An organizational form in which employees are grouped by the functions they perform for the organization success is based on the efficiency advantages that come with having a high degree of work specialization thats centrally coordinated many small companies naturally evolve into functionally based structures as they grow larger functional structures are extremely efficient when the organization as a whole has a relatively narrow focus fewer product lines or services and a stable environment biggest weakness revolve around the fact that individuals within each function get so wrapped up in their own goals and viewpoints that they lose sight of the bigger organizational picture employees dont communicate as well across functions as they do within functions eg marketing finance manufacturing HR IT Multidivisional structure An organizational form in which employees are grouped by product geography or client each of these division operates relatively autonomously from the others and has its own functional groups multidivisional structures generally develop form companies with functional structures whose interests and goals become too diverse for that structure to handle Product structure An organizational form in which employees are grouped around different products that the company produces Each of these division becomes responsible for manufacturing marketing and doing research and development for the products in its own division Product structure makes sense when firms diversity to the point that he products they sell are so different that managing them becomes overwhelming Geographic structure An organizational form in which employees are grouped around the different locations where the company does business The functions required to serve a business are put under a manger who is in charge of a specific location reasons for developing a geographic structure revolve around the different tastes of customers in different regions the size of the locations that need to be covered by different sales people or the fact that the manufacturing and distribution of a product are better served by a geographic breakdown Clientbased structure An organizational form in which employees are organized around serving customers When organizations have a number of very large customers or groups of customers that all act in a similar way eg Government Contracts Direct Consumer Sales Internet Sales Large company contracts eg personal banking small business banking personal lending commercial lending eg small business clients large business clients federal clients Matrix structure A complex form of organizational structure that combines a functional and multidivisional grouping Allows an organization to put together very flexible teams based on the experiences and skills of the employees flexibility enables organization to adjust much more quickly to the environment than a traditional bureaucratic structure would Gives each employee two chains of command two groups with which to interact and two sources of information to consider doubling of traditional structural elements can create high stress level for employees if the demands of their functional grouping are at odds with the demands of their product or clientbased grouping especially stressful if one of the two groups has more power than the other Restructuring The process of changing an organizations structure comes in a variety of shapes and sizes most common kind in recent years have been flattening organizations show investors that they are reducing costs to become more profitable but efforts to flatten require organizations to lay off several of the managers within the company employees get stressed bc the dont want to lose their jobs and also layoff survivors generally have to pick up the leftover tasks new burden creates a sense of uncertainty and stress managers can help manage the layoff survivors stress give survivors a stronger sense of control allow them a voice in how to move forward or letting them help set the plans for futures goals and honest and frequent communication Effects of Organizational Structure on Performance Given how many organizational forms there are its almost impossible to give an accurate representation of the impact of organizational structure on job performance Restructuring has a weak negative effect on Performance Task performance tends to be somewhat lower in organizations that restructure Not much is known about the impact of restructuring on Citizenship Behaviour or Counterproductive Behaviour An organizations structure provides foundation for almost everything in organizational behaviour it affects communication patterns between employees the tasks an employee performs the types of groups an organization uses the freedom employees have to innovate and try new things how power and influence are divided up in the company etc An organizations structure determines what job performance is supposed to look like the elements of structure are not necessarily good or bad for performance organization must find optimal solution on the basis of its environment and culture changes in specialization centralization or formalization may lead to confusion about how exactly employees are supposed to do their jobs which hinders learning and decision making Effects of Organizational Structure on Commitment Restructuring has a moderate negative effect on Commitment Affective commitment tends to be lower in organization that restructure Not much is known about the impact of restructuring on Continuance Commitment or Normative Commitment Restructuring efforts can increase stress and jeopardize employees trust in the organization result in lower levels of affective commitment on part of employee bc they feel less emotionally attached to the firm YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE OB Foundations of Organizational Structure 53 terms 309 chapter 14 MGMT 370 Ch 8 36 terms Chapter 14 Organizational Structure Change OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 12 terms Negotiations 13 terms Leadership 4 terms Trust 10 terms Emotional Intelligence THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 42 terms Ch12 Leadership Styles and Behaviours 62 terms Ch10 Teams Diversity and Communication 46 terms Ch 14 Organizational Culture and Change 7 terms Perception

O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

organizational structure
chain of command
span of control


Macroeconomics Review 2 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month GDP is the CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT Monetary value of all final goods and services produced within the borders of a nation in a particular year CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 32 Terms in this set 32 GDP is the Monetary value of all final goods and services produced within the borders of a nation in a particular year National income accountants can avoid multiple counting by Only counting final goods The value added of a firm is the market value of A firms output less the value of the inputs bought from others When an economys production capacity is expanding Gross domestic investment exceeds depreciation Net exports are Exports less Imports Transfer payments are Excluded when calculating GDP because they do not reflect current production Answer the question on the basis of the following data All figures are in billions of dollars Gross Investment 18 National Income 100 Net Exports 2 Personal income 85 Personal Consumption Expenditures 70 Saving 5 Government Purchases 20 Net Domestic Product 105 Statistical Discrepancy 0 The gross domestic product for the above economy is 110 Answer the question on the basis of the following national income data for the economy All figures are in billions of dollars Personal Consumption Expenditures 400 Government Purchases 128 Gross Private Domestic Investment 88 Net Exports 7 Net Foreign Factor Income 0 Consumption of Fixed Capital 43 Taxes on Production and Imports 50 Compensation of Employees 369 Rents 12 Interests 15 Proprietors Income 52 Corporate Income Taxes 36 Dividends 24 Undistributed Corporate Profits 22 Statistical Discrepancy 0 The gross domestic product for the above economy is 623 Answer the question on the basis of the following national income data All figures are in billions of dollars Net Private Domestic Investment 33 Net Exports 6 National Income 278 US Exports 20 Gross Private Domestic Investment 56 Disposable Income 220 Taxes on Production and Imports 32 Undistributed Corporate Profits 15 Proprietors Income 45 Net Foreign Factors Income 0 Statistical Discrepancy 0 Refer to the data Consumption of fixed capital private sector is 23 Answer the question on the basis of the following national income data All figures are in billions of dollars Net Private Domestic Investment 33 Net Exports 6 National Income 278 US Exports 20 Gross Private Domestic Investment 56 Disposable Income 220 Taxes on Production and Imports 32 Undistributed Corporate Profits 15 Proprietors Income 45 Net Foreign Factors Income 0 Statistical Discrepancy 0 Refer to the data US imports are 14 Answer the question on the basis of the following national income data All figures are in billions of dollars Net Private Domestic Investment 33 Net Exports 6 National Income 278 US Exports 20 Gross Private Domestic Investment 56 Disposable Income 220 Taxes on Production and Imports 32 Undistributed Corporate Profits 15 Proprietors Income 45 Net Foreign Factors Income 0 Statistical Discrepancy 0 Refer to the data The gross domestic product is 301 Which of the following best defines national income All incomes earned by US resource suppliers for their current contributions to production Nominal GDP is adjusted for price changes through the use of The GDP Price Index PPI Assume an economy that makes only one product and that year 3 is the base year Output and price data for a fiveyear period are as follows Answer the question on the basis of these data Refer to the data If year 3 is chosen as the base year the price index for year 1 is 40 Assume an economy that makes only one product and that year 3 is the base year Output and price data for a fiveyear period are as follows Answer the question on the basis of these data Refer to the data Real GDP for year 5 is Answer the question on the basis of the following information In the economy above real GDP for year 3 is 480 Tom Atoe grows fruits and vegetables for home consumption This activity is Productive but is excluded from GDP because no market transaction occurs A large underground economy results in an Understated GDP Recurring upswings and downswings in an economys real GDP over time are called The Business Cycle The phase of the business cycle in which real GDP declines is called A recession Answer the question on the basis of the following information about the hypothetical economy of Scoob All figures are in millions Unemployed 7 Total Pop 145 Employed 95 Discouraged Workers 3 Refer to the given information The labor force in Scoob is 102 Million Answer the question on the basis of the following information about the hypothetical economy of Scoob All figures are in millions Unemployed 7 Total Pop 145 Employed 95 Discouraged Workers 3 Refer to the given information The unemployment rate in Scoob is 69 Percent Answer the question on the basis of the following information about the hypothetical economy of Scoob All figures are in millions Unemployed 7 Total Pop 145 Employed 95 Discouraged Workers 3 Refer to the given information If the natural rate of unemployment in Scoob is 5 percent then Cyclical unemployment is about 2 percent The natural rate of unemployment is That rate of unemployment occurring when the economy is at its potential output Kara voluntarily quit her job as an insurance agent to return to school full time to earn an MBA degree With degree in hand she is now searching for a position in management Kara presently is Frictionally Unemployed Structural unemployment May involve a location mismatch between unemployed workers and job openings If actual GDP is 340 billion and there is a positive GDP gap of 20 billion potential GDP is 320 billion For every 1 percentage point that the actual unemployment rate exceeds the natural rate a 2 percentage point negative GDP gap occurs This is a statement of Okuns Law If the consumer price index falls from 120 to 116 in a particular year the economy has experienced Deflation of 333 percent Demandpull inflation Occurs when total spending exceeds the economys ability to provide output at the existing price level Suppose that a persons nominal income rises by 5 percent and the price level rises from 125 to 130 The persons real income will Rises by about 1 If the nominal interest rate is 5 percent and the real interest rate is 2 percent then the inflation premium is 3 Percent

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Chapter 16 Organizational Culture FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month What is organizational culture CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT A system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 40 Terms in this set 40 What is organizational culture A system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations What are the seven characteristics of organizational culture Innovations and risk taking Attention to detail Outcome orientation People Orientation Team orientation Aggressiveness Stability What is outcome orientation the degree to which management focuses on results rather than techniques and processes used to achieve them What is people orientation Degree to which management decisions take into account the outcomes on people within the organization What is team orientation Degree to which activities are organizes around teams rather than individuals What is stability degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth What is the difference between organizational culture and job satisfaction Organizational culture is a description whereas job satisfaction is an evaluation What is a dominant culture expresses the core values a majority of members share that give the companys its distinctpersonality What are subcultures reflect common problems or experiences members face in the same department or location Core values additional shared values What is a strong culture when the organizations core values are both intensely held and widely shared Sign up to view the remaining cards Its free Boost your grades with unlimited access to millions of flashcards games and more Sign up with Google Sign up with Facebook Sign up with email Already have an account

O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


World Civ Chapter 7 Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month All of the following were means by which the Roman Han empires incorporated their neighbors into their realms EXCEPT promoting trade offering systems of representation exporting belief systems colonizing lands requiring tributes of slaves CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT requiring tribute of slaves CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE The most prominent characteristic of the Roman and Han empires was vast sizes in land and population 1 42 Terms in this set 42 All of the following were means by which the Roman Han empires incorporated their neighbors into their realms EXCEPT promoting trade offering systems of representation exporting belief systems colonizing lands requiring tributes of slaves requiring tribute of slaves The most prominent characteristic of the Roman and Han empires was vast sizes in land and population In comparison with Han China Roman expansion and empire building were characterized by a process of continual experimentation Zheng the first emperor of the Qin dynasty forced the rulers of defeated states to ___ move to his capital The Qin dynasty established laws and regulations with ___ harsh punishments The Qin dynasty established a ___ uniform written script The economic changes during the Qin dynasty included farms producing crops for trade in the marketplace The Qin Empire attempted to secure lands seized from the Xiongnu by all of the following methods EXCEPT building roads building a massive wall kidnapping sons and daughteres settling some thirty thousand colonists using the army to seize land kidnapping sons and daughters Which of the following is a valid explanation for the collapse of the Qin Empire heavy taxation As Liu Bang seized power and established the Han dynasty he cultivated a ___ cruel and oppressive image The Han Empire was distinguished by the alliance between the ___ imperial family and the scholargentry class During the reign of the first Han emperors the ruling family had to compromise with the ___ aristocratic groups In order to staff the bureaucracy the Han dynasty established ___ institutions of learning In Han political thought and practice a ___ was established polity Under the Han dynasty merchants ___ submitted completely to state policies Which of the following accurately characterize Han cities they are organized according to their ___ organized according to their political functions Unlike in Rome Han monumental architecture was associated with palaces and tombs of rulers In Han social ideals peasants were honored for their ___ productive labors In the Han Empire a cluster of calamities prodigies and heavenly omens usually meant the emperor had lost the mandate of heaven The Han military was used to increase ___ han power in northern korea The Han militarys effort to expand the empire in southern China was most hampered by ___ lack of immunity to diseases Eventually the Han pushed back the Xiongnu tribes leading to a period of peace and prosperity called the ___ pax sinica In order to help secure the frontier along the desert regions Wudi established ___ military and farming settlements Wang Mang attempted to reform China by all the following methods EXCEPT forbidding individuals store grain confiscating gold establishing communal plots redistributing excess wealth allowing families to work their own parcels forbidding individuals to store grain The fall of Wang Mang is attributed to his ___ misuse of power The Later Han dynasty undermined the power of the ___ nobility The Yellow Turbans in China proclaimed a daoist belief in a ___ great peace Etruscan power on the Italian peninsula was undermined by an invasion by whom gauls The Romans created their military power by organizing conquered communities into ___ reservoirs of manpower Which of the following is an accurate description of the Punic Wars Carthaginian resources were those of a citystate Romes poor citizens looked to ___ army commanders The establishment of oneman rule of the Roman Republic was ultimately caused by ambitious generals Roman emperors presented themselves as civil rulers All of the following characterize the imperial city of Rome EXCEPT largest city in the world assured basic food and water diseaseridden appalling living conditions closely controlled and monitored by emperor largest city in the world The essence of Roman civil society was the unquestioned authority of the ___ paterfamilias All of the following characterize Roman family life EXCEPT husbands and fathers domineering authority roman women exercised greater freedom the importance of family units diminished the importance of family units diminished Roman economic activity included all of the following EXCEPT transformation of economic relations a steady expansion of cultivated land establishment of a road network large mining operations extension of the idea of private ownership extension of the idea of private ownership The largescale commercial plantations established by the Romans were dependent on chattel slavery The foundations of Christianity lay in the specific context of a direct confrontation with ___ roman imperial authority The central defining experience for Christians within the Roman Empire was witnessing to god Romes eastern frontier reached its limits when it encountered the parthian empire The German and Goth populations to the north of the Roman Empire had only one major commodity that the Romans desired slaves

B I O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


COMM1 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month If a student walks in on another student who is presenting a speech she will earn a _____ grade reduction on hisher speech A 10 CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 60 Terms in this set 60 If a student walks in on another student who is presenting a speech she will earn a _____ grade reduction on hisher speech A 10 Attending and participating in the inclass rough draft workshops results in a ______ grade reduction on the final written draft Review the section in the syllabus entitled Submitting Assignments Saving Files Participating in class discussions is NOT important to my grade in this class False Students should always email assignments to the instructor False If students are text messaging in class they will earn a 10 grade reduction False Assignments submitted late lose _____ 50 An assignment submitted ___ minutes after class has begun is considered LATE 5 Before a student can give hisher speech in class heshe must submit a fullsentence outline to Turnitin and provide a hard copy speaking outline to the instructor True One absence results in a 10 grade reduction False All written assignments must be submitted to Turnitin before a grade will be assigned True Public speaking is different from everyday speaking in that speeches are prepared in advance while interpersonal conversations are typically unprepared True When the speaker translates hisher ideas thoughts and feelings into words sounds and gestures for the purposes of communicating this process is known as Review pages 1921 in chapter 1 for clarification on the various components of the communication model The means by which the message is conveyed in the public speaking process is known as channel The transactional communication model is the oldest and most viable model used for explaining the communication process false Women actively participated in Americas antislavery movement True Extemporaneous speaking is a style of delivery used for this class which means a speech is fully written out practiced but not read when presenting true A noisy room is one example of internal noise False As stated in Ciceros De inventione his classical approach to speech preparation included the following canons invention arrangement style memory and delivery Feeling apprehensive about public speaking is normal True Julia was giving her speech in front of the entire college She had to use a microphone The microphone is an example of the channel Chronemics has no bearing on the language choices a speaker makes during a presentation False During a speech the speaker should summarize main points and provide a clincher in the Reread pages 5053 3rd ed for clarification on the necessary components of each part of a speech The process of generating ideas randomly and uncritically without attention to logic connections or relevance is termed brainstorming The best way to gather information about an audience is through C All of the answers are correct If the intent of your speech is presenting new information or making listeners aware of new ideas or information your speech is persuasive False Which rhetorician stressed ethics Quintilian This organizational pattern is used for informative speeches when each main point is one of several aspects of the topic categorical or topical A speakers main points are I Where to look for collectibles II How to determine the value of a collectible item III How to bargain with a collector Review pages 286287 for additional information on the topical organizational pattern Incorporating demographics age gender sexual orientation race ethnicity religion education background and political affiliation can all shape beliefs and values and thus influence the way audiences might respond to a message True Transitions help listeners follow the development of the speakers ideas and keep them from getting lost True Including subpoints or evidence relevant to a main point in an outline demonstrates subordination True Today I am going to persuade my audience to buy a Prius is an example of an effective attention getter false During processing receivers evaluate verbal and nonverbal cues True People who engage in unprocessed note taking do which of the following Write down a speakers ideas without reflecting on them Sharing a speechs title is a great attentiongetter False The best informative speech topics include Review chapter 16 to gain a better understanding of topics that would be appropriate for informative speeches Speech critiques are not an important component of public speaking classes Review pages 112114 3rd ed for further clarification on the importance of speech critiques What do the following speech topics have in common Review pages 481493 3rd ed to learn how various topics are categorized within different types of informative speeches What is the essence of informative speaking Review pages 471472 3rd ed to learn the essence of informtive speaking In a speaking outline the main points of a speech should appear as Reread pages 326328 3rd ed for further clarification of speaking outline criteria Speakers who wish to avoid charges of plagiarism can B attribute borrowed material to a source When a speaker uses the exact words of others it is known as paraphrasing False The library is one of the best resources for researching a speech or any other college assignment for that matter because Review pages 200 3rd ed in your textbook to read about the benefits of library research Academic Search Premier is what type of resource C general periodical index Since statistics are often difficult for an audience to grasp what should the speaker do to make the statistical information more accessible B use presentation aids Which fallacy occurs when a speaker attacks the person rather than the argument C ad hominem When evaluating a sources credibility it is important to consider expertise objectivity observational capacity and recency True The problemcausesolution organizational pattern is appropriate when you need to answer opposing views false A clear plan of action is important when utilizing Monroes Motivated Sequence as an organizational pattern True Presentation aids should emphasize only what your speech emphasizes True The speaker should always stand to the side of the presentation aid and maintain eye contact with listeners True Ethos may also be defined as a speakers emotional appeals False Which of the following statements is true of persuasive speaking but not informative speaking A advocates for an option In his Rhetoric Aristotle suggested that there are three fundamental forms of proof Which of the following is not one of Aristotles proofs B mythos A hasty generalization is based on errors of reasoning from observation True Fallacies are what kind of errors of reasoning A dictionary definition reflects a words denotative meaning True Good metaphors compare like objects false A preparation outline should be written in full sentences including a bibliography if necessary True According to the textbook in a classroom setting never use your fullsentence outline as you present your speech You will lapse into reading if you do true YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 69 terms Speech Mid Term Greg May BUCO 90 terms Public Speaking Final 90 terms Public Speaking Final 39 terms COMS 101 Exam 1 OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR PSYCH 3 terms Truth9 2 terms Take 2 BFMYV 35 terms Antidepressants

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Criminology FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month The theory that links the onset of criminality to the weakening of the ties that bind people to society is social bond theory CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 57 Terms in this set 57 The theory that links the onset of criminality to the weakening of the ties that bind people to society is social bond theory when a rapist does not want to harm hisher victim as much as heshe wants to possess himher sexually power rape when the rapist is bound up in ritual tormenting their victim binding himher or torturing himher sadistic rape what does developmental theory research specifically related to the General Theory of Crime show to be the key factor in terms of early onset of criminality poor parental discipline _________ is an academic discipline that makes use of scientific methods to study the nature extent cause and control of criminal behavior Criminology the branch of conflict theory that focuses upon the emergence of a strict law and order philosophy and believes street criminals prey on the poor thus making the poor doubly abused first by the capitalist system and then by members of their own class is known as left realism what is known about the stress and anxiety suffered by crime victims stress and anxiety felt by child victims peeks in adolescences and end by the time the reaches adulthood Individuals who repeatedly experience victimization are termed chronic victims According to his vision of social positivism which theorist felt that crime is normal because it is virtually impossible to imagine a society in which some form of criminal behavior is totally absent Emile Durkheim the pathway of crime that begins with bullying and annoying others and then escalates to physical fighting and violence is known as overt pathway people become criminals when significant members of society label them as such and they accept those labels as a personal identity This is part of social reaction theory According to life course theory the life events most likely to enable adult offenders to desist from crime is marriage and career a stable feature characteristic property or condition present at birth or soon after that makes some people crime prone over the life course latent trait a theory that suggests people have a free will to choose criminal or unlawful solutions to meet their needs or settle their problems classical criminology under this view of law groups able to assess their political power use the law and criminal justice system to advance their economic and social position Criminal laws are viewed as acts created to protect the haves from the havenots conflict According to the NCVS reported victimizations have declined significantly over the past 30 years according to the UCR violent crimes in the US have decreased more than 20 between 19952005 The phrase ecology of crime refers to such factors as race and ethnicity situational crime prevention that intends to reduce criminal opportunity is not without its problems When crime reduction programs redirect offenders to alternative targets is termed crime displacement social disorganization theory focuses on which of the following conditions in the urban enviornment age and ethnic differences cohesion among neighborhood residents community cohesion combined with shared expectations for informal social control of public space promotes collective efficacy Mertons anomie theory of criminal behavior stresses the idea of American society emphasizes common success goals without providing equal access to the means for obtaining them _________ are associated with those living in poverty who engage in disproportionate amount of violent crime as a means of expressing their rage frustration and anger against society expressive crimes which explanation might account for the variance between male and female crime rates all of the above females are more likely than males to negotiate react in depression or shame be less violent Violent acts designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal are known as instrumental violence the violentization process that links violence to early experience with child abuse Which is the Proper ordering brutalization stage belligerency stage violent performance stage virulency stage most offenders antisocial behavior peaks during the adolescence and then diminishes as they mature around age 18 the offenders are known as adolescent limited the fact that some peoples activities and behaviors increase their risk of victimization by increasing their potential to become opportunities for the criminal offenders is the basis of what theory of victimization lifestyle theory rather than punishment and prison peacemaking scholars advocate such policies as counseling and probation according to Cressey embezzlement is often caused by aare nonsharable financial problem the branch of criminology that examines change in a criminal career over the life course is known as developmental criminology life events that enable adults offenders to desist from crime are known as turning points Beccaria believed that criminals choose to commit crime and that criminal choices could be controlled by fear of punishment which of the following is not a crime prevention strategy used today by rational choice theorist increasing the risks for committing crime some people may actually initiate the confrontation that leads to their injury or death this is termed victim precipitation theory when victims act provocatively use threats or fighting words or even attack first it is known as active precipitation which of the following methods does the UCR use to express crime data all of the above per 100000 number of crimes reported to police and arrests made changes of crime rates over time the psychodynamic model of criminal offender depicts and aggressive frustrated persons determined by events that occurred during early childhood a cluster of antisocial behaviors that may include family dysfunction substance abuse smoking early sex early pregnancy poor education suicide unemployment problem behavior syndrome within Marxist thought owners of the means of production capitalist bourgeoisie what are the three branches of of social structure theory social disorganization strain theory cultural deviance according to social reaction theory schools contribute to criminality when they label problem youth It has been argued that declining levels of what hormone cause agingout process testosterone the writings of Beccaria and his followers form the core of what today is referred to as classical criminology the view held by Marx that the laboring class produces goods that exceed wages in value is known as surplus value a socially disorganized area is one in which ______ have broken down and can no longer carry out stated functions institutions of social control the theory which holds ones inability to achieve personal goals by legitimate means strain theory the view according to Robert Agnew that individuals who feel stress are more likely commit crimes are called general strain theory the bio social theorist believe human behavior is produced by physical environmental and social factors those unable to obtain desired goals and services through conventional means may consequently resort to theft and other illegal activities these activities are known as instrumental crimes according to latent trait theory while the propensity of the crime may remain stable the ______ to commit the crime may fluctuate over time opportunity what is known about age of onset and the continuity of crime all of the above godferston and hirschi in their general theory of crime trace the root of the cause of poor selfcontrol to inadequate child rearing practices which age group experiences the most violent crime 1224 conflict theorists believe that this occurs when people thrust outside of the economic mainstream forcing a larger portion of the population to live in areas conductive to crime marginalization criminals sometimes neutralize wrongdoing by maintaining that the victim of crime had it coming denial of the victim skytes and montaz base thir neutralization theory on a variety of observations about criminals among these observations is criminals hope to pleas bargain based upon dispelling their responsibility for their offenses YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 90 terms CRJS 355 CRJS 355 Exam 2 Criminology Final Criminology Midterm Exam OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 71 terms Personal finance 2 41 terms Personal finance 13 14 terms Marriage and family 44 terms Death Penalty Test Chpt 56 THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 34 terms Criminology Exam 3 29 terms Criminology ChIII 25 terms Intro to Criminology 40 terms criminology review

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O B O O B O