The SI Joint Upslip May 13 2014 May 13 2014 Posted in Uncategorized By Brett Windsor PT Photo by Deborah Morrison Some rights reserved httptinyurlcomm6tq9br In one post I spoke about a patient with an SI joint upslip that could be manipulated I got comments in response inevitably looking for the evidence what references I had to support my contention Well I dont have any references Im not aware of a single article in the physical therapy or medical literature that talks about the sacroiliac joint upslip and the successful resolution through manipulation But I do have evidence clinical evidence from 20 years of working with patients and in particular having dealt with this patient at least 10 to 15 times over that career Suffice So lets look at the sacroiliac upslip A typical patient for me was a 3050year old Males and females seem to be about evenly afflicted Typically I saw these patients in the midwest during the winter months after a fall people have the same experiences landing forcefully onto an ischial tuberosity The second mechanism is with a relatively violent rotation maneuver and the one Ive seen most commonly is when patients bend down to pick something heavy up off the floor typically by reaching slightly across their bodies and then lifting the heavy object up and theres a sudden sharp Lets focus on the acute case because thats the majority of the ones Ive seen There is localized pain over the sacroiliac joint region sometimes referring into the buttock There is difficulty with flexion and extension difficulty standing There is difficulty sitting and the pain is continuous There is rarely any radicular pain and given that we know that radicular pain can only result from pressure traction or infection of a previously damaged nerve root this would make sense If the sacroiliac joint is involved its unlikely that there would be any nerve root issues We dont tend to see Objectively flexion and extension are restricted ad there are distinct changes with side flexion Side flexion towards the affected side tends to be painful and restricted However side flexion away from the affected side usually ends up relatively pain free and unrestricted Pain provocation tests will often be positive I use the sacroiliac distraction test and the sacroiliac compression test and then a posterior thigh thrust maneuver all of which tend to be painful in upslip syndromes Range of motion at the hip is usually relatively free and clear there may be some restriction of flexion and abduction at end Most times Ill perform a basic neurological examination to assess for any concomitant radiculopathy Unless there are obvious signs to the contrary screening the L45 and S1 segments is usually enough Sensory dysfunction is much more common and can be ruled with light touch testing Monofilament testing is fairly objective and there is normative standards for most people that we can compare against to see if theres any sensory loss The SI joint itself you really cant beat long access traction in supine In the SI joint system this will have a very hard bony block end feel when compared Now its difficult to talk about end feels but I like to use a TheraBand system to explain it all When you traction through the lower extremity in the normal patient it should feel like youre pulling on black TheraBand therell be a sense of resistance and a sense that there actually is some coming away of the soft tissues on that side In the event where we have an upslip of the sacroiliac joint it will feel like tripled over gold TheraBand There just is no movement at all It may or may not be associated with pain But For me this is enough I know the mechanism of injury Im comfortable that we have a fairly simple mechanical dysfunction to do with the sacroiliac joint So at this point before we move to treatment we have to talk about what we know What do we absolutely know about the sacroiliac joint upslip Well we know pretty much nothing We know the history We know that when someone lands on their ischial tuberosity its going to exert significant central axial force straight upwards We know what the range of motion pattern will be like We know what the pain pattern will be like And we know that when we look at this patient we can see the entire side of that pelvis appears to be elevated So we know that this syndrome exists but we dont actually know what it is So lets for the moment dispense with the notion that this joint can actually be subluxed Lets look at some plausible alternatives One alternative may simply be that the shock to the system with the trauma has affected a neuronal response in the sacroiliac joint thats caused some of the muscles around the joint to contract in an effort to protect the joint The latissimus dorsi and quadratus lumborum and the thoracolumbar fascia are all systems with contractile tissue that if they were so inclined could create the appearance of a lift on that side compress the joint and result At any rate at this point we have a trauma We have a set of symptoms We have a presentation We have an examination And we have some results We have two plausible mechanisms Id say one more plausible than the other for why the patient may have the symptoms they have So were now were faced with the idea of having to do something We cant just stick our heads in the sand for a lack of literature to guide us Treatment is what well talk about in the next post What do you think Have you seen this kind of patient before What other findings have you seen What other differential diagnosis would you be careful to rule out before you moved forward What else could I have added into my evaluation And most of all what are you thoughts on whats happening here How do we explain this presentation What do we do with it How do we classify it Do CPRs play a role here And most of all how do we move forward The answer to that from my perspective will come in the next post Clinical Reasoning Manipulation Published by NAIOMT The North American Institute of Orthopaedic Manual Therapy NAIOMT provides continuing ed OMT certification and residency and fellowship programs to physical therapists View all posts by NAIOMT Post navigation Previous post Everybody should drink Prosecco Next post The SI Joint Upslip Part 2 3 thoughts on The SI Joint Upslip Donna Edwards PT OCS says May 13 2014 at 102 pm Brett Thank you for this There is mention of ilium up slip in the osteopathic realm Examination and manipulation are mentioned in a book by Greenway I know the read each on SI joint is not good but I agree with your clinical findings I treat clients with chronic pelvic pain and pregnant women and this is a common finding in both populations In the chronic stage there is more involvement of TTPs of the LE muscles as well as those you mentioned I am looking forward to the rest of your post Donna Edwards PT OCS Knoxville TN Faiyaz Khan says February 26 2016 at 1000 am Can you post something related to AS Ilium PI Ilium NAIOMT says February 27 2016 at 752 am Will do Faiyaz thanks

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Home Baby Girl Names Mari 20 this week Gender Pronunciation MAHree or Marie Origin of Mari Welsh Breton Scandinavian Hungarian Estonian and Basque variation of Maria or Mary Meaning of Mary Hebrew bitter Share Mari on Facebook Share Mari on Twitter Share Mari on Google Plus Favorite the name Mari Dislike the name Mari Follow Mari Name Info Similar Names Popularity Comments The name Mari is a girls name of Welsh origin Mari and is often added to lists like International Variations of Mary and discussed in our forums with posts like Names on NB that make you go WOW From the experts Mari enjoyed some midcentury popularity as a nicknameish version of Mary but now deserves a second look as a multicultural classic Mari is the name of the Basque goddess of fertility and weather and is also for unrelated reasons popular in Norway The biggest problem with the potentiallylovely Mari will be getting people to say it the way you want While some Europeans pronounce it as Marie that will only confuse things more Better to make it its own individual name by pronouncing it MAHree As one commenter pointed out in Estonian the name is not a Mary variation but means berry all the more reason for us to like it Find other names based on Mari using our baby name generator n

O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Forum Girl Baby Names Do any names mean mother maternal etc Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 Last Results 1 to 5 of 12 Thread Do any names mean mother maternal etc Thread Tools August 15th 2016 1027 PM 1 aggie2010 Junior Member Join Date Jul 2013 Posts 4 Do any names mean mother maternal etc edited for privacy Last edited by aggie2010 January 14th 2018 at 1115 AM August 15th 2016 1046 PM 3 hannahcarmeen Senior Member Join Date Jun 2016 Posts 620 Cybele mother of all gods according to Namberry Madrona mother Demeter earth mother This is a hard one to find names that mean mother or matriarch have you considered looking up what your mothers name means and then finding a name that also means the same thing Say if your mothers name is Margaret and Margaret means pearl You could name your child Pearl or Gretta or Megan or Marjorie Margot Peggy Your mothers name should mean something and should have something similar Or like the name Margaret have lots of diminutives that really dont seem that much like the original name but are still derived from it Hope this helps August 15th 2016 1052 PM 5 chrisco Senior Member Join Date May 2013 Posts 2001 What was your mothers name Dated names arent always impossible Karen becomes Kieran Brenda becomes Brendan Linda becomes Linden You can always use Lily the meaning of Susanna and therefore Sue or any of its variants Liliana Liliane Lilia etc These showed up in my search as meaning mother Amari Maylis or Maëlys possibly from mair mother and lys lily Candace Jules Balthasar Fox Ferdinand Eero Immanuel Percy Vladimir Jude Kit Roo Pip Marguerite Océane Sabet Wilhelmina ﻦ Guinevere Mary Aliénor Antonia Margot Seb Guin Noor August 15th 2016 1147 PM 7 katiem333 Senior Member Join Date Apr 2016 Posts 566 Well lets see Eve is sometimes viewed as the mother of all in the Christian faith so Eve could work Abra feminine form of Abraham means mother of multitudes Other suggestions Akna Goddess of motherhood in Mayan mythology Cybil meaning great mother of the gods Candace Queen mother Based on Sharon Blair same meaning a plain or flat area Shae Erin Erin is almost in the name Sharon when spoken Nora h Last four five letters of Sharon backward Anything strike your fancy Good luck August 16th 2016 1205 AM 9 oliviasarah Senior Member Join Date Mar 2011 Location Northern England Posts 5236 I think Medora comes from mothers gift Some others from a bit of research Emese Mari Sharon is a place name from the bible so maybe another could work like Bethany Galilee Israel Samaria Shiloh Randa and Sahara have similar meanings to Sharon and also share similar letters Other similar lettered similar sounding names Nora Sora Rhona Rona and Rosa Sharai Sarai Shari Sari Sasha Sian Sharn Ronja Ronia Roxanne Charlotte much love and I are waiting for you Rosemary Alba Romy Estella Beatrix Sibyl Georgia Billie Wilfred Alec Wolf Emmett Kielder Oberon Nicholas Bear Im twenty one and live in London Names warm my soul My darling black cats name is Shura Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 Last Quick Navigation Girl Baby Names Top Tags for this Thread etymology Posting Permissions You may not post new threads You may not post replies You may not post attachments You may not edit your posts BB code is On Smilies are On IMG code is Off VIDEO code is Off HTML code is Off Forum Rules

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News Analysis The mixed legacy of DRC musician Franco New african 15082018 0 Comments The DRCs Franco and Nigerias Fela Kuti remain two of the most musically as well as politically influential artists in Africa despite both being dead Franco who would have been 80 this year if he had not died relatively young of AIDS remains a stable household name in Central and East Africa even as the countries where his musical style dominated go through various kinds of political turmoil As the DRC prepares for its longdelayed elections Arjun Sajip reassesses the music and politics of Franco Luambo Makiadi Not many musicians deaths are met by continentwide grief hundreds of thousands thronging the streets of their hometown and four days of statedecreed mourning But this was the case for François Luambo Makiadi when he died in 1989 Sobriquets stuck to him throughout his career the Sorcerer of the Guitar Yorgho godfather and as he liked to be addressed Grand Maître But he was best known throughout Africa simply as Franco Congolese rumba was not his creation but he redefined and popularised the genre until transformed into the galvanising style known as soukous it dominated Africas airwaves for decades He became one of the continents bestselling and most beloved artists and remains a household name in much of Africa He would have been 80 on 6 July But Francos rapturous grooves and infectious melodies belied a darker dimension He amassed a level of power unheard of for most artists and did not always use it well Most famously his tightrope tango with his countrys ruler the fearsome dictator Mobutu Sese Seko saw him alternate veiled criticism of the regime with outright paeans to Mobutu It was a fascinating relationship that stands as a strange case study of the politics of Zairean music the power of art and the art of power To fans of African music of the 1970s and 80s Francos life story is well known Born in Sona Bata in BasZaire he was a prodigy who fashioned his own guitar at the age of seven When his father died four years later Franco dropped out of school to provide for his family his professional debut came when he was 12 in a band called Watam the Delinquents and his reputation grew so strong that he was signed to a 10year contract shortly after his 15 th birthday He would have to wait seven years before becoming bandleader but when he did in 1960 he truly ruled the roost He was one of African pop musics largest figures until his death probably from AIDS in 1989 Franco was large in more ways than one The riches he amassed abetted a legendary appetite A skinny tearaway in his teens he eventually swelled to a weight of 140kg once in a strange display of power he attempted to eat an entire goat in front of his hungry musicians But his voracious intake of food was matched by his incredible output of songs He and his band OK Jazz which became TPOK Jazz released an average of two new songs a week for 30 years well over a thousand in total The Jazz is misleading other than horn sections and increasingly long tracks Francos music had little in common with American jazz Refined dance music in Africa Such productivity would mean little if the music was not of such high quality and so influential but Franco redefined dance music in Africa Congolese rumba had three key features its Cubaninfluenced rhythms its foregrounding of lyrics that carried their own eloquent Lingala rhythm above the clavé beat and what was known as the seben an instrumental interlude featuring at least two duelling guitars that lifted the song to fever pitch Franco didnt invent the seben but he popularised the restructuring of rumba songs placing the seben at the end rather than the middle and employing a distinctive thumbandforefinger picking style instead of a plectrum to create a mesmerising sonic mirage of two guitar lines This amplified an already guitarheavy lineup bass rhythm lead and often played by Franco himself misolo a bridge between lead and rhythm It was a magic formula a standard versechorus structure followed by a delirious guitar raveup that reached its peak in the early 80s with songs like Sandoka Tuti Mujinga and Zala Sportif And as Franco grew so did the music These four songs averaged 11 minutes each facilitated by advances in recording technology that meant LPs longplaying albums were increasingly in vogue Bina Na Ngai Na Respect sung from the point of view of a woman asking to be treated respectfully while on the dancefloor was a hit that mutated and evolved throughout its near 18minute duration Galvanic guitar pop soon found its way to Kenya where Congolese musicians often toured Orchestra Super Mazembe which enjoyed an international hit with the gorgeous nineminute Shauri Yako was a Kenyan band whose members were entirely Zairean From the mid70s and throughout the 80s Congolese music was the chief mover of hips in East African nightclubs and soon spread abroad When the Zairean economy began to nosedive in the late 70s Congolese musicians emigrated in droves to Paris and Brussels The confident guitar sound Franco had pioneered was sent into overdrive in Paris by Kanda Bongo Man among others and muscled its way into European charts It continues to make itself felt today Vampire Weekend are unimaginable without those Congolese rhythms Ed Sheerans Bibia Be Ye Ye may feature two Ghanaian guitarists but their sound is unmistakeably soukousderived Francos internationalism however was born of ambition and financial necessity for all his innovations he was for the most part a nationalist a localist and a traditionalist According to musicologist Bob White the 1960s saw the emergence of two schools of Congolese rumba fiesta which was soft sophisticated refined and romantically outwardlooking and ondemba which was rhythmic repetitive visceral and traditionalist This is to an extent a false dichotomy much of Francos music was clean romantic and sophisticated But whereas most famous Congolese musicians including Tabu Ley Rochereau Koffi Olomide and Papa Wemba played fiesta rumba and readily embraced global styles OK Jazz was according to White the only major band to be deeply rooted in the traditionalist sound of ondemba Its a musical affinity that might explain what made Franco so attractive to one of Africas most dangerous despots Inspired by Chairman Mao In the late 60s inspired by Chairman Mao President Mobutu began propounding his authenticité campaign in earnest Attempting to unify a country that had descended rapidly from a febrile independence into civil war Mobutu decreed that the nation would come together by finding its roots The Republic of the Congo became Zaire Léopoldville became Kinshasa Even Franco changed his name to LOkanga La Ndju Pene Luambo Luanzo Makiadi By the mid70s men were required to jettison their Western attire in favour of traditional tunics But the most disturbing aspect of authenticité was Mobutus use of music From the early 1970s until the late 1980s tens of thousands of Zaireans were involved in organising lanimation politique et culturelle a programme of statesponsored song and dance that drew on Congolese folklore and dominated the cultural consciousness of Zaireans In 1976 it accounted for up to 12 hours of statebroadcast content per day By the early 80s participation had become mandatory even for privatesector organisations each day commenced with employees clapping their hands and singing nationalist anthems Those who did not take this seriously risked dismissal or in some cases incarceration The best way to achieve happiness is it not through ones culture asked Mobutu in one of his speeches It is when people are able to communicate what they feel deep inside when they can sing and dance that they are truly happy Its a chilling statement all the more so because Franco was over the years a consistent and vocal supporter of Mobutu His 1970 song Belela Authenticité nakati ya Congress Declare Authenticity in the Congress ends with the lines My political party is the MPR My chief is Mobutu Sese Seko sung in Lingala At this point he was arguably reflecting the hope harboured by many Congolese for continued stability Indeed Francos rise coincided with the rise of Zaire on the world stage peaking with the Rumble in the Jungle the 1974 fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman American scholar Gary Stewart wrote the book on Congolese rumba literally his Rumba on the River is a comprehensive deeply researched highly readable overview of the genres rise and decline When I asked him whether Francos relationship with his head of state was unique he was defensive of the musician Praise singing is a tradition in Africa he told me It started out with traditional musicians singing the praises of the village chief and carried on until African countries began to gain independence certainly it happened in Zaire Everybody sang the Presidents praises Yet it seems like Franco went further than most As late as 1984 when the hope inspired by Mobutus early promise had long since curdled into misery for the many he released Candidat Na Biso Mobutu Our candidate Mobutu a panegyric more laudatory than any by Francos musical rivals When Wendo Kolosoy a musician popular and influential enough to be given the first track on World Music Networks Rough Guide to Congo Gold compilation was asked why he stopped recording and performing in the 1960s he gave a poignant but quietly defiant answer Political men at the time wanted to use musicians like stepping stones he explained They wanted musicians to sing their praises Me I did not want to do that Thats why I decided it was best for me to pull myself out of the music scene Francos flattery of Mobutu in the early 70s proved canny Seeking to coopt a potential source of rebellion Mobutu wooed the musician with the lure of capital and power In 1972 as he toured the country to promote authenticité Franco came to possess a nightclub in Matonge from a former government minister by way of Mobutus wife MarieAntoinette He oversaw its conversion into the thriving UnDeuxTrois club soon to be Kinshasas musical epicentre But it was the following year that Franco formally became chief of the countrys music scene Appointed as the head of UMUZA the national musicians union Franco began to draw uncomfortable parallels with his countrys leader Deft balancing act Having apparently counted 371 bands in Kinshasa in 1973 Franco declared a nationwide moratorium on new bands and record production companies He viewed younger bands such as Zaïko Langa Langa and Trio Madjesi as a challenge to his dominance when in 1975 the latter announced it had a contract to play at the Olympia in Paris UMUZA suspended the band for 12 months on trumpedup charges Separately the state gave Franco control of MAZADIS the countrys largest recordpressing plant and it was no secret that he would prioritise the pressing of his own records over those of others It left a sour taste in many mouths One Congolese man told White in 2006 Franco and Mobutu were birds of a feather They had the same techniques the same leadership style and thats why I never listen to Franco because when I hear his music I just keep seeing Mobutu Despite all this and other than a brief blip in the mid70s Franco remained supremely popular Part of this was down to his deft balancing act of courting the authorities while criticising them in coded terms One of his epithets was the Balzac of Congolese music people of all ages loved his keenly phrased lyrics and way of singing about everyday situations emotions and the battle of the sexes usually with a twinkle in his eye On numerous occasions he would flaunt his mastery of mbwakela the art of delivering slyly allegorical lyrics like musical romans à clef The most famous example was a song best known as Tailleur whose lyrics The owner of the needle has impounded it How will you sew now were widely perceived to be poking fun at recently demoted AttorneyGeneral Kengo Wa Dondo who had jailed Franco for over a month in 1979 for obscene lyrics Jacky leaked to the public by bootleggers is shocking even by todays standards it makes explicit reference not only to oral and anal sex but to coprophagia Franco criticised authorities in song numerous times throughout his career As early as 1958 Mukoko a song he wrote aged 20 in jail for reckless driving was banned by the colonial authorities for its allusions to hope for decolonisation in 1976 his Toyeba Yo was a jeremiad about overzealous policemen and administrators The year before recording Candidat Na Biso Mobutu he released Lettre à Mr Le DirecteurGeneral On the surface it criticised the incompetent executives of the large companies nationalised by Mobutu but since it was Mobutu who appointed them the complaint was widely perceived to be aimed at the top Franco was also capable of songs of heartrending pain which he often sang in his mother tongue of Kikongo rather than Lingala such as Kinsiona his lament for the younger brother he lost in a car accident or Luvumbu Ndoki a rhythmically captivating threnody for the victims of Mobutus public executions in 1966 Franco was duly arrested and questioned the record was banned and most copies destroyed Its easily available today though and packs a hell of a punch even for nonKikongo speakers gorgeous riffs bookend an a cappella accusation of sorcery delivered breathlessly by Franco in a wounded voice of tearstricken sorrow It leads us to the real reason why Francos music endures the inexhaustible variegated beauty of the music itself I asked Ken Braun compiler of Sterns Africas superb but sadly outofprint Francophonic compilations whether lyrical considerations played a role in his song choices and whether he deliberately avoided Francos more controversial or chauvinistic songs Even as someone who understands Lingala he told me the first thing I hear when I listen to a Congolese song is the music Its only after several plays that I start to focus on the words And that isnt just because thats the way I listen to the music thats the way most people would be listening to it its the rhythms the melodies the guitar artistry the voices Francos hundreds of catchy danceable tunes have a spirit and humour that come across whether or not you speak Lingala Many commentators have said that his chief skill was as a bandleader rather than as a guitarist or singer But his guitar style was powerful and influential his instantly recognisable manyhued baritone remains a source of comfort and warmth to people all over the world And not many Congolese would both play and sing Less known outside Africa So it is curious that Franco unlike contemporaries such as Fela Kuti King Sunny Adé and Ali Farka Touré is not a household name in the UK or the US I ask Braun if this has to do with the fact that he never sang anything in English I think thats true but its not just that he explained The rhythm of say Afrobeat is distinctly African but African in a way that Americans recognise because of American funk and New Orleans music and soul and even some jazz it makes Fela and his sons appealing to Americans in a way that no Congolese musician ever was It isnt just language recognisable rhythms and colonial sinews that make Nigerian and South African music more popular in the Anglophone world otherwise how to explain the popularity of Malian and Senegalese artists Its also the way their catalogues are managed and promoted When Island Records sensing a growing market for world music was scouting for African music in 1980 its first releases were Sound dAfrique and Sound dAfrique II Soukous both of which brimmed with Congolese influences But the first artist it signed was strangely the Nigerian Sunny Adé whose localist juju sound was less dancefloorready than Congolese soukous Meanwhile Paris throbbed with the sound of soukous which never successfully made it across the Channel let alone the Atlantic It didnt help that Franco cancelled three separate shows in London over the years first for visa reasons and later for health reasons Francos albums in particular have not enjoyed the same treatment as many other African artists despite the fact that he was one of Africas bestselling musicians Sonodisc has long owned the rights to his catalogue but its haphazard Franco releases with songs reordered mislabelled and truncated for no apparent reason have made an already voluminous discography even harder to navigate Hundreds of Francos songs are available on Spotify but not all not even his most powerful track the 16minute Attention Na SIDA whose surging melodies and deeply memorable rhythms are pinned down by Francos thunderous warning about AIDS delivered in French and Lingala to reach as many people as possible His songs on Spotify are often misspelt mistitled or attributed to others It is rumoured that in the last year certain legal settlements have been made in Francos estate But its unlikely this will lead to a reissue series on the scale of the recent Fela Kuti releases The worldwide interest in Afrobeat following Felas death wasnt paralleled by international interest in Franco says Braun Theres no doubt that when they were both alive Franco was far more popular in Africa than Fela was So its ironic that since their deaths Fela is the one whos gotten so much more attention In 2015 a statue of Franco was erected in Kinshasa But among the young his mindshare is slipping When asked about Francos legacy one Congolese man told a friend of mine that Nigeria won the music war And as the younger generation of Congolese musicians including modernist outfit Konono Nº1 and Belgian rapper Baloji make global headway by fusing styles like hiphop guitar pop and techno the airwaves are no longer ruled by rumba and soukous Perhaps this has only served to make Francos songs more refreshing They are undeniably beautiful and relentlessly upbeat and the fact that they have no musical cousins in todays charts makes them seem that much more special As Francos historical context fades the uncomfortable questions about art and power in Zaire become increasingly academic What we are left with is the music timeless iridescent and of course danceable 22 Rate this article Congolese rumba DRC Franco Written by New african Read our Discussion Policy

O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

mixed legacy of drc musician
politically influential artists
arjun sajip


12 Coastal Weekend Getaways in New England Your Perfect Weekend Comments ceroestres May 2 2018 Yankee Magazine thank you for your blog postReally thank you Awesome Reply J April 30 2018 A getaway from what home or people If its home ok but if people putting locations out for free will guarantee you lots and lots of people My favorite geta2ays are where we can go and enjoy everything without the impersonal crowds Places like Reply If I told you then it wouldnt be a getaway Reply joanneb21 May 5 2018 And along those same lines thanks for not mentioning my personal favorite The only village and port in the world so named Reply Karen March 20 2018 Lovely places to plan a getaway Reply Nancy March 12 2017 Nantuckett is beautiful I definitely want to visit and look for permanent residence and employment Reply Nancy March 12 2017 I have always wanted to visit Nantucket Reply Howard February 19 2017 Thanks to everyone that worked on the wonderful article and photos connected with Walks Worth Their Salt We have had the privilege of walking the Marginal Way numerous times and it never gets old no matter the season We are anxious to go to some of the others noted in this piece and congratulate you for a job well done Reply

O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


The

quirky

side

of

the

Estonian

language

Culture

Moonika

Oll

You

might

have

heard

the

joke

Estonian

has

no

sex

and

no

future

before

referring

of

course

to

the

fact

that

there

are

no

genders

and

no

future

tense

in

the

Estonian

language

but

did

you

know

that

it

doesnt

have

a

longest

word

either

To

mark

the

Mother

Tongue

Day

ERR

News

put

together

a

little

guide

to

the

weirdest

most

wonderful

words

in

the

Estonian

language

Lets

get

the

most

obvious

ones

out

of

the

way

first

After

our

new

no

doubt

highly

motivated

students

have

mastered

öö

night

pronounced

like

i

in

girl

they

can

practice

with

öötöö

night

job

Now

say

töööö

working

night

In

that

vein

you

might

also

want

to

try

jäääär

edge

of

the

ice

ä

is

pronounced

like

a

in

man

and

kuuuurija

moon

explorer

lunar

researcher

u

pronounced

like

o

in

moon

And

to

put

them

in

a

sentence

Kuuuurijad

tööööl

jäääärel

lunar

researchers

at

work

on

the

edge

of

the

ice

during

the

night

Another

exceptional

word

that

every

Estonian

is

proud

to

present

is

k

irstuvõti

key

of

the

coffin

remarkable

for

including

six

letters

r

s

t

u

v

õ

in

the

alphabetical

order

You

might

find

them

a

little

less

eager

to

say

Terviseks

out

loud

in

international

company

Dont

mind

if

your

friendly

enquiry

about

how

to

say

cheers

in

Estonian

is

answered

by

an

inaudiable

mumble

and

a

blush

Then

there

are

the

usual

tonguetwisters

veoautojuht

lorry

driver

habemeajaja

barber

jaamaülem

station

manager

jõululaululaulja

Christmas

carol

singer

But

you

might

like

the

ones

that

also

look

cool

better

j

alalaba

sole

of

the

foot

asjaajaja

clerk

secretary

or

the

sentence

anna

õlu

üle

Ülo

õe

õla

hand

the

beer

over

Ülos

sisters

shoulder

Or

the

seemingly

simple

ones

like

süüa

or

püüa

tip

theyre

not

pronounced

phonetically

or

even

õu

yard

pronounced

a

bit

like

oh

Louis

Zezeran

of

Comedy

Estonia

will

give

a

clue

on

how

to

pronounce

that

weird

o

with

a

wiggly

thing

on

top

One

of

the

most

fascinating

things

about

Estonian

is

the

fact

that

its

possible

to

form

endless

compounds

by

converting

the

first

word

into

the

next

words

genitive

Take

isaspaabulinnusabakattesulesilmamunavärvivabrikukuldväravaauvahtkonnaülemapühapäevajakirinnataskusisevoodrivahe

for

example

or

the

more

reasonable

uusaastaöövastuvõtuhommikuidüll

which

an

eager

Wikipedia

contributor

has

even

managed

to

use

in

a

sentence

But

our

favorite

is

kuulilennuteetunneliluuk

the

hatch

a

bullet

flies

out

of

when

exiting

a

tunnel

not

because

of

its

impressive

length

but

for

the

fact

that

its

a

palindrome

it

can

be

read

from

both

ends

and

it

looks

exactly

the

same

Estonia

loses

out

to

Finnish

though

which

has

two

palindromes

in

its

arsenal

and

Dutch

with

a

whopping

monster

Then

there

are

words

which

would

be

lost

in

translation

so

we

wont

even

try

like

untsantsakas

And

those

that

just

sound

cool

nipetnäpet

tohuvabohu

mürakaru

Last

but

not

least

are

Englishlooking

words

that

have

a

very

different

meaning

in

Estonian

Those

who

have

visited

Tallinn

might

have

enjoyed

a

pint

or

two

at

the

popular

Hell

Hunt

pub

in

the

Old

Town

Any

educated

guess

as

to

it

being

on

the

rough

side

is

deeply

mistaken

quite

the

opposite

really

hell

hunt

means

a

gentle

wolf

in

Estonian

Let

us

know

your

favorites

in

the

comment

section

Here

are

some

of

the

finds

pointed

out

by

our

readers

the

vowelonly

äiaõeoaaiaoaõieau

beanflower

honour

in

fatherinlaws

sisters

beangarden

which

follows

the

endless

compounds

rule

and

vanapaganatagavara

the

Devils

stockpile

Message

to

the

editor

Comments

No

comments

yet

Only

registered

users

can

comment

this

article

newserree

What

happens

to

UK

citizens

in

Estonia

postBrexit

Essential

FAQs

answered

Telia

Ericsson

launch

pilot

network

in

Tallinn

Opinion

Opinion

SDE

candidate

lists

see

biggest

changes

Pro

Patria

most

battered

Sildam

What

will

Pro

Patria

do

after

losing

the

migration

compact

battle

FEATURE

What

happens

to

UK

citizens

in

Estonia

postBrexit

Essential

FAQs

answered

Elections

Ratas

of

government

action

plan

fulfilled

The

Estonian

government

fulfilled

tasks

out

of

or

of

this

years

action

programme

Prime

Minister

Jüri

Ratas

Centre

said

on

Thursday

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


RESUMPTION OF ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES Wednesday Jan 2 2019 602 pm The University Management Committee at its meeting of Wednesday January 2 2019 directed that all students be notified of the commencement of academic activities course registration and lectures on Thursday January 3 2019 RE 20182019 PROVISIONAL ADMISSION DEADLINE FOR PAYMENT OF TUITION FEES Friday Dec 21 2018 104 pm The University Management Committee at its meeting of Wednesday December 19 2018 observed that some candidates offered admission for the 20182019 academic session were yet to pay their tuition fees by Saturday December 15 2018 which was the deadline for the payment RE 20182019 PROVISIONAL ADMISSION DEADLINE ON PAYMENT OF TUITION FEES Friday Dec 14 2018 311 pm In view of the fact that the deadline for payment of tuition fees by candidates offered admission for the 20182019 academic session is Saturday December 15 2018 and some are yet to complete the verification process LAUTECH Alumni sets up Scholarship Board for indigent students Wednesday Dec 12 2018 648 pm Ladoke Akintola University of Technologys alumni association has inaugurated a scholarship board for indigent undergraduates of the institution 20182019 SUPPLEMENTARY POST UTME SCREENING RESULT RELEASED Thursday Dec 6 2018 602 pm This is to notify candidates that sat for the 20182019 Supplementary Post UTME Screening Exercise on Thursday December 6 2018 that result of the exercise can be accessed on the University Admissions Screening Portal NOTICE ON DEADLINE FOR THE OPENING OF PORTALS TO ALL STUDENTS WHO ARE STILL DEFAULTING ON PAYMENT OF FEES UP TILL THE END OF 20172018 ACADEMIC SESSION Wednesday Dec 5 2018 1040 am The University Management at its meeting of Tuesday December 4 2018 decided that all students who are still defaulting on the payment of their tuition fees IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON BIOMETRIC DATA CAPTURING FOR NEWLY ADMITTED STUDENTS Monday Nov 26 2018 448 pm Biometric Data capturing for Newly Admitted Students commences at the OLD ICT Building LAUTECH 20182019 SUPPLEMENTARY POST UTME SCREENING EXERCISE Tuesday Nov 20 2018 448 pm Notice is hereby given to all candidates that are seeking admission into Ladoke Akintola University of Technology LAUTECH Ogbomoso in the 20182019 Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination UTME that supplementary PostUTME Screening Exercise will be conducted on Thursday December 6 2018 at 1000am 20182019 Admission RegistrationVerification Exercise Monday Nov 5 2018 1149 am All candidates who have been offered provisional admission through UTME and Direct Entry for the 20182019 academic session are hereby informed that the tuition fees payable by them are as follow Read more FEDERAL MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THROWS WEIGHT BEHIND LAUTECH NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH GROUP DURING LAUTECH NANO 2018 CONFERENCE Friday Nov 2 2018 1120 am The Honourable Minister of Science and Technology Dr Ogbonnaya Onu has shown willingness to support LAUTECH Nanotechnology Research Group NANO in its research efforts Professor Mohammed A Umar Director Science Infrastructure National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure NASENI and member of the National Steering Committee on Nanotechnology Development who represented the minister could not hide his admiration for the activities of the group at the just concluded 3day conference on nanotechnology organized by the group between 23 and 25th October 2018 Read more Pages 1 2 3 4 5

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Ousadia Alegria Collection for Neymar Jr January 25 2016 Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Neymar and Bruno Big discuss their collaboration Neymar Jrs new Ousadia Alegria boots embody an expression the athlete lives by and has tattooed on his calves Translating to daring and joy respectively these words define both Neymar Jrs playing style and his personal mantra I associate Alegria with the joy of living and playing football which I love most and Ousadia in having the audacity to do something different which people dont expect to see explains Neymar Jr Bruno Carneiro Mosciaro a renowned Brasilian artist and designer best known as Bruno Big is responsible for the boots vibrant graphics I created two different images one for Ousadia and one for Alegria he says There is a heart and there is a hand so the idea is intended to be more graphic than a direct message That is the interesting point of it Bruno Bigs Ousadia artwork Bruno Bigs Alegria artwork Neymar Jr laces up his boots Bruno Bigs distinct artworks are expanded into allover prints which envelop the boots When you take your time to look at them despite the boots looking the same they are not clarifies Neymar Jr While the graphic is intentionally abstract the placement is purposeful On the Ousadia boot fingers wrap around as if holding it On the Alegria boot the fist is centered where it will make contact with the ball Bruno Big painted a giant canvas of 1000 shoeboxes to commemorate the Ousadia Alegria launch delivering the first pair to Neymar Jr personally The remaining 999 shoeboxes featuring Bruno Bigs art with the boots inside will be available on January 31 exclusively via the Nike Football App The Ousadia Alegria collection which includes training apparel and two Nike Sportswear footwear silhouettes will be available beginning February 2 on Nikecom Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Read More Nike Football Soccer Neymar Jr

B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I


Back to Top Stories Kazakhstan to break ground on Saryarka pipeline in July FSUOGM Former Soviet Union Oil Gas 14 March 2018 Week 10 Issue 972 Construction of a pipeline that will bring natural gas to Kazakhstans capital of Astana is slated to start in July according to a senior energy official Astana located in the north of the country currently has only limited access to gas relying mostly on coal to meet its rising electricity and heating needs Authorities began discussing plans to build the Saryarka pipeline which will connect the city with Kazakhstans southern gas network in 2013 But its development was delayed partly because of Kazakhstans economic crisis caused by the slump in oil prices in late 2014 With the Kazakh economy now seeing a modest recovery the government has turned its attention to the project once again Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev ordered Parliament earlier this month to ensure that construction begin as soon as possible It is planned to solve financing issues by June and to hold a ceremony for the welding of the first joint of the main gas pipeline in early July of this year Ziyash Kiyakbayev who oversees gas sector developments at the Kazakh energy ministry said on March 12 Under the projects first stage a 1081km 3 bcm per year pipeline will be built from the southern city of Kyzlorda passing by Zhezkazgan and Karaganda before reaching Astana at an estimated cost of 2673 billion tenge US83 million The pipeline will then be extended further north to Kokshetau and then Petropavlovsk under second and third development stages The fourth and final stage involves the construction of compressor stations in Zhezkazgan and Temirtau near Karaganda Authorities also plan to convert two thermal power plants TPPs in Astana to run on gas instead of coal feedstock Kazakhstans national gas pipeline operator KazTransGas KTG has been tasked with overseeing the projects realisation According to officials a working group of various government bodies has been set up to resolve issues relating to the first stage of the pipelines development Foreign aid Also speaking on March 12 Kazakh Foreign Minister Kairat Abdrakhmanov claimed that the government had received concrete proposals from British investors for their involvement in the project The ministry will help attract investors to a new gas pipeline project that will connect a number of industrial centres and the capital with gas supplies Abdrakhmanov said in an article published on official media sites There are already concrete proposals from British investors In November 2015 KTG and the UKs Independent Power Corp IPC signed a memorandum of understanding MoU for the construction of gas turbine power stations along the Saryarka pipelines designated route Four 400MW plants were to be built in Astana Karaganda Temirtau and Zhezkazgan at an estimated cost of US31 billion although a binding agreement on the project was never reached Earlier this year Kazakh Energy Minister Kanat Bozumbayev said that the government was in the final stages of talks with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD on financing for the Saryarka pipeline The bank has not confirmed this however Authorities have also suggested that funds could be drawn from the Development Bank of Kazakhstan The Saryarka pipeline will connect in the south with the BeineuBozoiShymkent BBS pipeline which carries gas from fields in western Kazakhstan to urbanised areas in the southeast The project will help tackle pollution levels in Astana free up more coal for export and help Kazakhstan monetise its ample gas resources more efficiently Edited by Joseph Murphy Editor Any questions Please get in touch josephmnewsbasecom Share this page Contact Us Telephone 44 0131 478 7000 Email newsnewsbasecom

O O O O B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

kazakhstan
saryarka pipeline
foreign aid


FG Wilson 30KvA Diesel Generator Price in Nigeria Best Price in Nigeria From 246024000 Jumia 246024000 Product Information Manufacturer FG Wilson Ratings Reviews No Rating Merchants that offer this Product with Price in Nigeria Merchants Merchant Rating Price Jumia No Rating 246024000 Fetching Prices Shipping cost is not usually included in the listing price At the sellers website you will see the precise shipping cost or whether the item qualifies for free shipping Some stores will offer payment on delivery to Lagos Abuja and a couple of other cities The Price is in Nigeria Naira Details of FG Wilson 30KvA Diesel Generator Best Prices and Deals for the FG Wilson 30KvA Diesel Generator at leading online stores in Nigeria FG Wilson 30KvA Diesel Generator price in Nigeria at leading online stores in the country are listed above Compare prices of Power Generators for reliable a power supply for your home office or business TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Capacity 30kVa Voltage 400V Frequency 50 Hz Engine Make Perkin Model 1103A33G1 Alternator Model MJB 160 MB4 Control Panel DCP10 No of CylindersAlignment 3 In Line Displacement litres cuin 33 2014 BoreStroke 1050 411270 50 Compression Ratio 19251 Induction Naturally Aspirated Governing Type Mechanical Governing Class ISO 8528 G2 Base Frame Heavy Duty Fabricated Steel Circuit Breaker Type 3 Pole MCB Fuel Consumption Prime lhr US galhr 69 18 Fuel Consumption Standby lhr US galhr 77 20 Fuel Tank Capacity 350 Litres Engine Speed RPM 1500 Length 2960mm 1165in Width 760mm 395in Height 1229mm 484in Weight Dry 412kg Most Popular Gadgets on NaijaTechGuide Samsung Galaxy S8 iPhone 8 Plus Nokia 8 Tecno Phantom 6 Plus Infinix Note 4 Pro Infinix Hot 5 Tecno Camon CX Tecno Spark Tecno Spark Plus Gionee M6 0 Reviews 0 Discussions

B I I I I O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I I I I O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O B B I I I I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

fg wilson 30kva diesel generator
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Calendar Free Tuesdays Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Wells Fargo Free First Tuesdays Wells Fargo Free First Tuesdays Event Date This event occurs on multiple dates Please check the calendar for more information Time 930 am to 500 pm Wells Fargo Free First Tuesdays gives Museum visitors free general admission on the first Tuesday of every month except July and August and free Museum admission every Tuesday in September We recommend reserving tickets in advance to guarantee Museum entry and to skip the line as we experience high attendance on these days Please note there is a maximum of 8 tickets per reservation We are grateful to our Institutional Partner

O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


PanthersVote With the 2018 elections quickly approaching universities across the nation are preparing students to make their voices heard UNI continues to pave the way as a model community in civic engagement with heavy involvement from NISG and other campus leaders PanthersVote is a voter engagement initiative created by Director of Government Relations Matthew Johnson and Student Organization leader Brenna Wolfe This twopart campaign is aimed at creating a cohesive nonpartisan effort to get college students registered to vote and bring them to the polls in November The 2016 election showcased UNIs previous success with these kinds of initiatives bringing in a 675 student voting rate This was second best in the entire nation and creates a motivation for Johnson Wolfe and other campus leaders to bring UNI to the top The UNI Registrars office and NISG have partnered together to create a simple list of resources that college students can use for the upcoming election For example if you missed the opportunity to get registered during our September 25th voter registration push you can print off the Voter Registration form and either mail it to the Black Hawk county auditor or drop it off at the NISG office Upstairs of Maucker Union As a student it is crucial to be registered to vote and get out to vote If you have any questions about voting reach out to Brenna Wolfe brennawuniedu or Director of Government Relations Matthew Johnson johnsmcruniedu If you live at The Quarters Hillcrest or Gold Falls Villa Vote at United Church of Christ 9204 University Avenue If you live at HillsideJennings or ROTH Vote at Bethlehem Lutheran Church 4000 Hudson Rd If you live at Campbell Bender Hall Dancer Hall or UNIDome area Vote at UNI Bookstore 1009 W 23rd St If you live at College Hill Area University Manor or Hidden Valley Hearst Center 304 Seerley Boulevard If you live at Quads Lawther or Panther Village Gilchrist Hall at UNI Dakota St Resources UNI Registrars Office Voter Registration Information Voter Registration Form Voter Registration Help Are you Registered to Vote Information on all Candidates

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B I I I I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

director of government relations matthew johnson and student organization leader brenna wolfe


Contact Us Nishan Transport Principal Rajwinder Chahal ext 101 Email Rajnishantransportcom Business Development Keith Seguin ext 104 Email Keithnishantransportcom Accounting Administration CSR Sandra Fruth ext 111 Email Sandranishantransportcom Outbound Dispatch Patrick Terrio ext 102 Email Patricknishantransportcom Inbound Dispatch Ashley ext 108 Email Ashleynishantransportcom Brad ext 110 Email Bradnishantransportcom Recruitment Vehicle Maintenance Kosta Fiskas ext 115 Email Kostanishantransportcom Safety Compliance Claims Gordon Littlejohn ext 113 Email Gordonnishantransportcom Vasso Vouitsis ext 112 Email Vassonishantransportcom POD Request Email Pods nishantransportcom

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Menu Scientific Laboratory Biological Sciences Chemistry Program Support Toxicology Contact Information Scientific Laboratory 1101 Camino de Salud NE Albuquerque NM 87102 5053839000 Phone 5053839011 Fax Laboratory Director Lixia Liu PHD MP ASCP D ABMM 5053839001 Need Some Help Are you having Trouble Finding the Page you are looking for Feel free to or use our A to Z page to find an alphabetical list of pages and services available on this site Scientific Laboratory Division The Scientific Laboratory Division SLD is the sole public health environmental and drug laboratory for New Mexico It conducts tests for infectious diseases threatening people livestock and wildlife as well as for hazardous materials and pollutants in our water air and milk It also tests for alcohol and drugs in DWI criminal cases and for autopsy cases Over the course of a year the lab performs more than 350000 tests on nearly 80000 samples Mission Our mission is to provide analytical laboratory support services and scientific advisement services for taxsupported agencies and groups or entities administering health and environmental programs for New Mexico citizens Accreditation We are a member in good standing of Association of Public Health Laboratories APHL and our division is proud to currently hold the following accreditations and certifications American Board of Forensic Toxicology Certificate ABFT College of American Pathologists Certificate CAP Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments Certificate CLIA Food and Drug Administration Certificate FDA Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Certificate for Chemistry Microbiology EPA Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Certificate for Radiochemistry EPA Publications Featured Breath Alcohol Instrument Peripheral Ordering Form Scientific Laboratory Division Phone List General Latest Microbiological Water Testing Calendar General Sample Collection Kit Order Form Form Breath Alcohol Test Operator Training Request Form Form Popular Clinical Test Request Form Form Clinical Test Request Form PrePopulated for Zika Virus BSB Directory of Services General Chemistry Analysis Request Form Form Instructions Drop Down Menus Resources Latest Specimen Submission Instructional Video Emerging Infections Programs National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Popular Private Drinking Water Well Consumer Information Association of Public Health Laboratories Health and Environmental Effects of Particulate Matter

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Discover Gay Sri Lanka with local boy Kaluu from Colombo Oct 10 2018 gay interviews Sri Lanka 52 Funny Boy is a Sri Lankan book Stefan grew up with and loved written by Shyam Selvadurai and highly recommended to any LGBT traveller visiting Sri Lanka It tells the story of a young Tamil gay boy called Arjy growing up in 1980s Sri Lanka during the civil war era struggling to come to grips with his homosexuality in a very religious and traditional family and society But coming here some 30 years later in late 2014 we wondered if much has changed Table of Contents show Is it legal to be gay in Sri Lanka Gays in Sri Lanka are pretty much regarded as criminals like gays in India or gays in the Maldives The draconian laws from the British colonial era sections 365 of the Sri Lankan Penal Code 1886 criminalising gay sex carnal intercourse with up to 10 years in prison and a fine are still in place unfortunately in 1995 the Sri Lankan judiciary threw gay Sri Lanka backwards by amending this law to criminalise acts of gross indecency with a fine and up to 2 years in prison section 365A There is no guidance as to what exactly gross indecency is or isnt which leaves it open to abuse by the police to victimise the LGBT community Gay Sri Lanka the political perspective Despite attempts by the UN and various Sri Lankan LGBT protest groups to question and repeal these laws the government has not historically been the most obliging Former President Rajapaksa stated gay marriage would ruin the Buddhist heritage of the nation He also opposed Norways ambassador to Sri Lanka Grete Lochen bringing her wife into Sri Lanka arguing that lesbian marriages are not legal in Sri Lanka so allowing them in would encourage Sri Lankan women to want to behave in this manner Grete Lochen Norways ambassador to Sri Lanka with former President Mahinda Rajapaksa is that a fake smile The recent government of Maithripala Sirisena is sadly no better They recently announced they would do everything to prevent LGBT rights from being introduced in Sri Lanka Tourism and Christian Affairs Minister John Amaratunga said that both he and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe would ensure such rights would not be introduced in the new constitution As foreigners in Sri Lanka we had a lovely time completely trouble free and found the locals to be very friendly kindhearted people But as we found in the Maldives as tourists we will always enjoy a different level of treatment whether straight or gay What is the gay life like in Sri Lanka We met a Sinhalese author in Colombo Kaluu who has published various books and poetry some with a LGBT theme He has asked to remain anonymous for fear of reprisal from family and his work so we will refer to him just as Kaluu it means black in Sinhalese his nickname because he has darker skin than your average Sri Lankan 1 Ayubowan Kaluu please introduce yourself Good afternoon Nomadic Boys I am Sri Lankan born 34 years old living in Colombo Im also a son a friend a gay a Buddhist a writer and a poet Above all a human Two Tamil boys being very docile with each other on the bus in Nuwara Eliya 2 Youve asked us to keep your name anonymous on our blog why Sri Lankans do not possess positive attitudes towards homosexuality Exposing my sexual identity could affect my job embarrass my family and could even be life threatening My friends have faced such bitter experience for being out particularly in rural areas For example one friend was beaten by his older brother when he came out to him until he bled He ran away and now lives alone Another friend came out to his family and his father had a heart attack when he found out He decided to marry and live a good heterosexual life to please his parents and cut off all contact with his gay friends including me 3 We are in our 30s and almost the same age as Arjy in Funny Boy What was it like growing up in 1980s Sri Lanka with the civil war in the background I am from a Sinhalese lower middle class family in Colombo and Arjy is from an upper middle class Tamil family also in Colombo Tamils are a minority in Sri Lanka as is being gay so not an easy life for Arjy Growing up in Colombo in the 1980s my family lived with continuous fear of bomb attacks Suicide bombers killed hundreds of people in Colombo Sometimes our parents had to take turns to guard us at the school gates At school it was decided we had to use see through bags for a period of time for security When travelling on public transport there was an intense paranoia and everyone suspected everyone of being a suicide bomber If a suspicious bag was found without an owner people panicked and ran away Several politicians have been victims of suicide bombers including former President Premadasa We watched war on TV news at nights The news readers were reporting deaths as This many of soldiers gave their lives for the motherlandand This many Tamil tigers were killed Death was everywhere It was far more severe in waraffected areas like Tamil in the north Former President Premadasa assassinated in 1993 by a suicide bomber 4 Are you out to anyone in your family or your friends Nobody in my family knows about me being gay If they were to find out it would cause a lot of problems and I dont want to sour relations with my family My close friends mix of gay and straight know about me though and are ok with it 5 How did you meet other gays growing up Growing up without internet was hard for gays to meet so popular meeting places were on the beach or through friends of friends Colombo doesnt have gay places as such but t he growth of internet usage in Sri Lanka has allowed the LGBT community to connect easier with each other via sites like Lanka Love and Gay Romeo and more recently Grindr Unfortunately many men hide their identity on these sites Slave Island wonder what goes on here 6 Do you know anyone who was victimised by the police because of their sexuality Ive not heard of anyone ever being convicted under sections 365 or 365A But the police often harass gays For example they target places gays use to meet like parks beaches and public toilets and frighten them into paying a bribe sometimes physically assaulting them Once I witnessed an assault by a group of three tuk tuk drivers in Colombo victimising a transgender His lip was bleeding I was helpless It was painful to be there and do nothing If I tried to help the transgender they would have definitely beaten me up too So you see whilst no one has ever been convicted under the anti gay laws they are still used as a means to encourage fear and hate towards gays 7 Do you get asked a lot by family when youre going to get married How do you deal with this I do not want to cheat an innocent woman just to please my family My family do of course dream about their future daughter in law and grandchildren Sri Lankans dont have positive attitudes about bachelors Many of my gay friends have married women to relieve them from family pressure but in doing so they create more problems resulting in divorce fleeing the country and in more extreme cases suicides Even in the UK this is a common problem amongst some Asian communities Forced marriages common amongst gay men to avoid problems with their families even in the UK 8 How gay friendly do you think the new president Sirisena is the dawn of a new era for gay Sri Lankan community In his policy statement Sirisena made no mention of gay rights But the people around him are believed to be openminded But however openminded Sirisenas government is change will not happen over night A significant cultural change is needed before anything can happen not to mention a repeal of the old colonial laws which pretty much label us as criminals Despite the politics I must clearly state that the majority religion in Sri Lanka Buddhism holds no negative attitudes towards homosexuality despite some of our political leaders trying to use our religions as a means to justify a homophobic culture Is that a feather boa President Sirisena is wearing ready for Colombo Pride 2015 9 Are there any popular gay bars or clubs in Sri Lanka There is no gay scene in Sri Lanka But tourism is considered as a large income generator for Sri Lanka that a blind eye is turned to the anti gay laws in relation to foreigners For example gay friendly hotels are allowed to openly market to gay tourists like in Negombo which has become quite popular with gay tourists over the past few years There are also several beach boys male prostitutes working on Negombos beaches both straight and gay This particular beach boy is not for sale 10 Finally Stefan found this lovely hat in Negombo to ward off those ever so strong sun rays If he was to wear this on Unawatuna beach holding Sebastiens hand would we run the risk of getting arrested under the gross indecency laws Hey love birds I dont think so If I could Id love to arrest your lovely Seb and keep him in my place Maybe you both Ha ha ha Stefans new hat for keeping the strong sun rays at bay at Negombo beach Gay friendly hotels to stay in Colombo During the 3 weeks we stayed in Sri Lanka we tried 2 different hotels which welcomed us as a gay couple with no problems THE HILTON Hilton is a popular hotel chain for LGBT tourists It is walking distance to the Fort district and Pettah Bazard Prices start from 145 100 a night THE TAJ SAMUDRA This high end hotel has a fitness centre and a large swimming pool Most of the international airlines cabin crews stay there so get ready for your Grindr to crash Prices start from 185 128 for a room with breakfast Gay friendly hotels to stay in Negombo Negombo is a small and relaxed gay paradise on the indian ocean The hotels are usually very welcoming towards the gay tourists Those two are particularly wellknown among the gay community DICKMAN RESORT Yes this is the real name Private resort for adults with a great swimming pool Prices start from 135 92 fro a double room with breakfast GOMEZ PLACE Beautiful gay friendly resort great for some relaxing time Close to the beach excellent breakfast Prices start from 55 38 for a double bed Sri Lanka travel recommendations Transportation first there is no need to stress about getting taxis around the capital Uber is heavily used in Colombo Airport and in Colombo If youve never used it before we give you your 1st ride for free using this link To get to Kandy Nuwara Elya or Ella we highly recommend you take the train because the landscapes are stunning tickets are cheap and it is an amazing adventure Travel insurance whether you go on a safari in Yala National Park scuba diving in Unawatuna hiking at Ella Rock or just lay on the beach all day long in Hikkaduwa you need travel insurance We use World Nomads because they offer considerable coverage especially for adventure travellers They also make it easy to make a claim as its all done online Flights flying domestically in Sri Lanka doesnt make much sense because the train has more comprehensive coverage across the country and is far cheaper For international flights flying to Sri Lanka can be expensive We recommend Google flights to search for the cheapest fares and Momondo for booking airfares In addition flights from Sri Lanka and India to The Maldives are very affordable so dont miss out on the opportunity Hotels Sri Lanka has a huge diversity of accommodation options Make sure you check out our Sri Lanka content for hotel recommendations first TripAdvisor is also a good place to start researching places to stay and find the best activities to do Going to the hotel in person and negotiating the price face to face will most of the time result in a cheaper price compared to what you find online But if like us youre a bit of a control freak and like planning ahead we recommend using Bookingcom to find the best deals and book your accommodation online EXPERIENCE SRI LANKA

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O