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AscPete

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Phenom

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Training

and

Pruning

Figs

Tree

Bush

and

Espalier

Form

PM

When

I

first

started

cultivating

figs

I

found

very

few

detailed

instructions

for

pruning

and

training

potted

fig

trees

other

than

the

standard

recommendation

to

grow

as

a

bush

form

in

colder

zones

I

found

several

posts

by

Ingevald

Byron

on

the

Fig

Forum

the

links

were

in

Japanese

so

I

used

Google

translate

which

provided

enough

info

to

duplicate

the

basic

pruning

techniques

The

Japanese

Techniques

simply

uses

the

Ficus

Caricas

natural

growth

habits

to

maximize

fig

production

in

a

minimum

space

the

following

procedures

were

trialed

over

the

past

years

and

have

proven

successful

in

use

Step

but

is

the

most

important

IMO

The

pruning

techniques

work

for

in

ground

or

potted

trees

and

can

also

be

used

to

prune

existing

trees

Tree

Form

Step

Establish

a

single

straight

main

trunk

for

the

uninterrupted

flow

of

nutrients

to

the

scaffold

limbs

and

fruiting

branches

Remove

all

side

branches

and

figs

that

form

on

a

rooted

cutting

less

than

six

months

old

Prune

the

main

trunk

when

the

trunk

caliper

is

or

larger

Step

The

main

scaffold

limbs

have

to

be

spaced

far

enough

apart

vertically

on

the

Main

trunk

for

future

increase

in

caliper

size

which

means

that

they

need

to

be

to

nodes

apart

Select

scaffold

branches

and

train

at

degree

angles

to

main

trunk

Prune

at

at

the

beginning

of

the

growing

season

to

remove

apical

dominance

and

induce

branching

Step

The

secondary

scaffold

branches

that

are

selected

and

allowed

to

grow

have

to

be

separated

by

or

more

nodes

for

branch

caliper

increase

and

for

the

growth

of

future

fruiting

branches

which

are

also

spaced

apart

The

main

scaffold

branches

are

lengthened

by

and

the

apical

tips

are

pruned

to

induce

branching

on

the

extensions

fruiting

branches

are

then

allowed

to

develop

apart

Step

The

fruiting

branches

are

pruned

back

yearly

to

two

one

year

old

buds

nodes

for

the

next

seasons

fruiting

branches

Only

one

bud

is

allowed

to

grow

into

a

fruiting

branch

usually

the

less

dominant

the

other

is

removed

Bush

Form

Step

Establish

a

single

straight

main

trunk

for

the

uninterrupted

flow

of

nutrients

to

the

scaffold

limbs

and

fruiting

branches

Remove

all

side

branches

and

figs

that

form

on

a

rooted

cutting

less

than

six

months

old

Prune

the

main

trunk

when

the

trunk

caliper

is

or

larger

Step

The

main

scaffold

limbs

have

to

be

spaced

far

enough

apart

vertically

on

the

Main

trunk

for

future

increase

in

caliper

size

which

means

that

they

need

to

be

at

least

node

apart

Select

scaffold

branches

and

train

at

degree

angles

to

main

trunk

Prune

at

at

the

beginning

of

the

growing

season

to

remove

apical

dominance

and

induce

branching

Step

The

secondary

scaffold

branches

that

are

selected

and

allowed

to

grow

have

to

be

separated

by

or

more

nodes

for

branch

caliper

increase

and

for

the

growth

of

future

fruiting

branches

which

are

also

spaced

apart

The

main

scaffold

branches

are

lengthened

by

and

the

apical

tips

are

pruned

to

induce

branching

on

the

extensions

fruiting

branches

are

then

allowed

to

develop

apart

Step

The

fruiting

branches

are

pruned

back

yearly

to

one

year

old

buds

nodes

for

the

next

seasons

fruiting

branches

The

fruiting

branches

are

located

at

intervals

along

the

secondary

scaffold

branches

at

the

fruiting

branches

Only

one

bud

is

allowed

to

grow

the

other

is

removed

Espalier

Form

Step

Establish

a

single

straight

main

trunk

for

the

uninterrupted

flow

of

nutrients

to

the

scaffold

limbs

and

fruiting

branches

Remove

all

side

branches

and

figs

that

form

on

a

rooted

cutting

less

than

six

months

old

Prune

the

main

trunk

when

the

trunk

caliper

is

or

larger

Step

The

selected

main

scaffold

limbs

are

allowed

to

grow

vertical

until

they

are

at

the

desired

length

or

at

least

tall

They

are

then

lowered

into

the

horizontal

position

over

several

days

to

weeks

Step

The

fruiting

branches

that

develop

are

selected

and

allowed

to

grow

The

fruiting

branches

are

located

at

intervals

alternate

sides

along

the

main

cordon

scaffold

branches

Eight

inches

is

the

minimal

spacing

for

the

growth

of

the

fruiting

branches

and

leaf

canopy

Step

The

fruiting

branches

are

pruned

back

yearly

to

one

year

old

buds

nodes

for

the

next

seasons

fruiting

branches

The

fruiting

branches

are

located

at

intervals

along

the

secondary

scaffold

branches

at

the

fruiting

branches

Only

one

bud

is

allowed

to

grow

the

other

is

removed

The

tree

can

be

renewed

after

several

years

by

pruning

back

to

the

main

trunk

and

starting

over

or

just

air

layering

a

large

branch

and

starting

over

Also

an

additional

benefit

of

this

pruning

technique

is

that

the

fruiting

branches

can

easily

be

air

layered

or

harvested

for

new

plants

or

cuttings

Additional

References

httpwwwhawaiifruitnetFigsJapanhtm

Last

edited

by

AscPete

AM

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

Tags

likes

AscPete

Fig

Phenom

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PM

And

heres

a

similar

diagram

for

Columnar

fig

tree

pruning

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

likes

Member

Join

Date

Feb

Posts

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AM

Thanks

Pete

for

all

that

great

info

Now

to

see

if

i

shall

have

the

guts

to

do

it

Vincent

zone

ice

cold

Canada

Vincent

Canada

Québec

like

comment

nepenthes

commented

AM

For

me

the

first

rooted

cutting

was

the

scariest

When

I

realized

that

my

cutting

wasnt

screaming

in

pain

the

others

were

a

piece

of

cake

So

far

so

good

And

if

doing

this

now

makes

a

more

productive

and

still

healthy

fig

then

I

think

its

worth

some

fig

cosmetic

surgery

Saxonfig

Member

Join

Date

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AM

I

like

it

Pete

Well

done

Hopefully

I

will

have

some

pictures

to

share

later

this

year

of

what

Ive

started

along

these

lines

Bill

saxonfig

Zone

West

KY

My

eBay

username

is

fruitnut

Fig

Well

and

Prosper

like

comment

AscPete

commented

PM

Bill

Thanks

and

Welcome

Glad

to

see

you

here

even

with

a

new

name

Looking

forward

to

your

pictures

and

info

Veteran

Join

Date

Feb

Posts

Share

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AM

Thanks

for

posting

this

Id

like

to

try

the

espalier

with

winterization

once

some

of

my

plants

size

up

a

bit

Itd

be

great

to

hear

if

anyone

else

is

trying

it

in

zone

Jesse

in

western

Maine

zone

like

comment

AscPete

commented

PM

Youre

Welcome

I

will

be

uncovering

the

in

ground

espaliers

in

a

few

weeks

once

the

temperatures

warm

up

and

the

snow

melts

Although

my

Zone

is

listed

as

a

its

closer

to

a

due

to

elevation

Catskills

foothills

Dave

Veteran

Join

Date

Mar

Posts

Share

Tweet

PM

take

a

look

at

these

Wish

List

like

comment

AscPete

commented

PM

Thanks

for

sharing

those

videos

Those

normal

espalier

shapes

do

not

work

well

with

Figs

if

fruit

production

is

the

goal

Senior

Member

Join

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PM

Thanks

Pete

great

info

Phil

Zone

Newark

DE

Zone

Wilmington

NC

like

comment

AscPete

commented

PM

Youre

welcome

eboone

Moderator

Join

Date

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PM

OK

since

this

will

be

my

first

time

pruning

my

last

years

fig

starts

I

am

going

to

ask

for

some

expert

opinions

These

are

cuttings

started

last

year

planning

to

be

in

bucket

SIPs

indefinitely

I

want

to

prune

to

a

bush

form

as

AscPete

describes

above

need

to

keep

these

to

a

size

that

I

can

move

up

and

down

my

basement

stairs

First

example

I

have

a

number

of

plants

that

grew

a

pretty

straight

trunk

like

this

one

Ignoring

the

sucker

for

now

the

main

trunk

is

inches

tall

with

buds

emerging

at

the

top

for

the

past

week

This

one

has

already

been

placed

into

the

SIP

The

directions

for

bush

pruning

above

state

that

I

should

cut

it

at

inches

when

the

trunk

is

an

inch

thick

but

I

think

that

is

going

to

be

a

fairly

long

wait

for

the

trunk

to

make

that

diameter

Should

I

prune

it

now

at

about

inches

or

wait

till

later

in

the

season

I

would

think

that

it

would

be

better

to

prune

now

rather

Secondary

question

on

this

example

if

you

would

prune

this

shorter

now

how

small

a

plant

would

you

do

this

on

I

have

a

number

that

were

smaller

only

inches

with

a

single

straight

trunk

Tertiary

question

on

this

example

I

will

be

removing

the

sucker

at

the

base

It

still

has

green

wood

at

the

tip

these

plants

were

stored

and

never

got

below

degrees

so

the

green

wood

was

not

damaged

How

would

you

best

root

this

kind

of

cutting

same

way

as

any

other

Second

example

I

have

a

few

that

grew

in

a

sort

of

V

shape

like

this

one

These

two

trunks

are

about

inches

long

Would

you

as

above

wait

for

thicker

trunks

before

pruning

Would

you

eliminate

one

trunk

and

prune

the

other

to

inches

then

train

it

more

upright

or

plant

it

at

an

angle

when

moved

to

the

SIP

this

weekend

Or

tip

each

of

the

two

trunks

and

select

scaffold

branches

on

each

I

have

a

large

number

of

others

that

I

think

I

can

figure

out

what

to

do

with

given

some

helpful

advice

on

these

examples

Thanks

for

any

and

all

suggestions

There

may

be

I

realize

a

number

of

ways

that

will

eventually

work

out

OK

Ed

SW

PA

zone

like

cyberfarmer

Member

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AM

I

want

to

make

an

espalier

where

each

tree

will

have

a

single

tall

trunk

that

will

split

into

two

lateral

cordons

I

have

seen

people

use

vineyard

trellis

systems

with

stakes

and

tension

wires

I

have

also

seen

people

set

x

wood

posts

in

the

ground

and

then

fasten

electrical

conduit

or

rebar

between

them

to

support

the

cordon

In

Petes

post

above

where

it

shows

the

espalier

illustration

it

looks

like

the

support

is

made

entirely

of

wood

like

maybe

x

posts

with

x

lateral

supports

I

was

considering

simply

placing

a

cinder

block

on

end

into

a

few

shovels

full

of

wet

cement

The

blocks

are

long

so

with

an

inch

or

two

of

cement

under

it

that

is

about

the

right

height

I

dont

know

if

I

would

need

a

cross

bar

as

long

as

I

place

them

close

enough

together

Since

each

block

is

independent

I

could

addremove

them

as

needed

Would

that

work

or

do

I

need

some

sort

of

horizontal

support

like

a

beam

pipe

or

wire

I

would

like

to

hear

from

anyone

who

has

first

hand

experience

with

this

What

kind

of

espalier

support

structure

did

you

build

What

did

you

likedislike

about

it

Pictures

please

like

AscPete

Fig

Phenom

Join

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AM

Ed

First

Example

IMO

suckers

or

branches

that

grow

low

on

cuttings

will

grow

faster

than

the

main

trunk

and

should

be

encouraged

and

trained

as

the

main

trunk

if

possible

The

idea

is

to

get

the

node

spacing

as

far

apart

as

possible

on

the

main

trunk

for

less

restriction

of

vascular

flow

from

roots

to

leaves

It

should

only

take

one

season

to

gain

enough

caliper

size

to

start

the

training

as

a

Bush

The

attached

picture

is

last

seasons

growth

from

a

purchased

gallon

plant

Although

the

cutting

is

in

its

leaf

they

are

still

small

and

should

still

be

grown

as

a

single

stem

for

at

least

another

season

They

should

be

fertilized

regularly

to

encourage

excessive

vegetative

growth

The

smaller

single

stem

plants

can

be

pruned

to

remove

apical

dominance

and

the

resulting

apical

bud

can

be

selected

and

trained

as

a

single

stem

The

removed

sucker

can

be

rooted

like

any

dormant

fig

cutting

Second

example

Same

as

the

first

IMO

the

goal

is

to

establish

a

common

main

trunk

as

the

base

for

the

scaffold

branches

After

the

main

and

scaffold

branches

are

established

the

yearly

growth

will

be

better

balanced

The

tree

will

then

concentrate

most

of

the

yearly

growth

to

the

fruiting

branches

due

to

the

balanced

vascular

flow

from

roots

through

the

main

trunk

and

scaffold

branches

Even

if

you

chose

not

to

prune

as

a

single

stem

the

goal

for

this

season

should

be

to

get

as

much

vegetative

and

root

growth

as

possible

Figs

can

also

be

harvested

because

its

been

my

observation

that

limiting

the

number

of

branches

forcing

growth

into

fewer

branches

speeds

fig

production

for

young

trees

and

also

quickly

increases

branch

caliper

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

comments

commented

PM

Pete

you

give

such

good

and

complete

answers

Thank

you

for

all

your

contributions

I

have

questions

on

training

newly

rooted

cuttings

How

long

do

you

wait

before

removing

any

extra

shoots

I

would

be

interested

in

knowing

if

it

depends

on

root

development

as

well

I

have

some

in

cups

with

good

roots

about

ready

to

up

pot

with

shoots

but

others

with

little

or

no

root

showing

in

the

cups

and

multiple

shoots

Also

if

I

keep

the

bottom

shoot

do

I

just

clip

the

shoots

above

it

leaving

the

cutting

whole

or

do

I

snip

the

cutting

above

the

node

with

the

shoot

I

want

to

keep

Thanks

AscPete

commented

AM

For

cuttings

you

can

can

start

removing

extra

shoots

as

soon

as

they

emerge

or

when

the

cuttings

are

up

potted

to

gallons

but

training

can

start

as

soon

as

shoots

emerge

Select

the

dominant

shoot

and

tying

it

to

a

small

stake

or

bamboo

skewer

to

keep

it

growing

upright

vertical

For

cuttings

remove

the

shoot

or

bud

only

by

rubbing

it

out

dont

damage

the

actual

cutting

it

has

the

stored

reserves

and

nutrients

needed

for

initial

growth

Good

Luck

AscPete

Fig

Phenom

Join

Date

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AM

Paul

The

in

ground

espalier

trellis

was

simply

formed

with

fence

posts

with

EMT

conduit

as

the

horizontals

The

fence

posts

were

hammered

into

the

ground

and

the

conduit

was

attached

to

the

fence

posts

with

electrical

wire

Cross

members

Tees

could

be

attached

at

multiple

points

on

the

fence

posts

for

installation

of

supports

wire

rope

or

pipe

for

vertical

branches

My

preference

for

the

vertical

branch

supports

was

polypropylene

rope

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

comments

cyberfarmer

commented

PM

That

sounds

cheap

and

easy

AscPete

commented

PM

It

was

COGardener

Fig

Phenom

Join

Date

Feb

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PM

A

step

over

in

the

shape

of

a

wagon

wheel

with

to

spokes

would

be

cool

Scott

Colorado

Springs

CO

Zone

Depending

on

the

year

Elevation

Though

the

problems

of

the

world

are

increasingly

complex

the

solutions

remain

embarrassingly

simple

Bill

Mollison

comment

AscPete

commented

PM

That

shape

was

tried

commercially

in

Japan

and

abandoned

in

favor

of

the

more

productive

and

cordon

espaliers

httpwwwhawaiifruitnetaifarmaifigfarmhtml

AscPete

Fig

Phenom

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AM

Heres

a

few

before

and

after

photos

of

older

trees

being

bare

rooted

pruned

and

potted

The

trees

have

not

been

pruned

in

over

years

The

smaller

tree

will

be

limited

to

new

fruiting

branches

future

scaffold

s

and

the

larger

tree

will

be

limited

to

new

fruiting

branches

Updates

will

be

posted

in

this

topic

Before

During

and

After

Planted

in

a

standard

hole

surface

buckets

with

inches

of

sand

mulch

to

deter

Fungus

Gnats

Also

Photo

of

hole

in

ground

burial

buckets

all

with

holes

Photos

Last

edited

by

AscPete

AM

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

commented

AM

Do

you

use

any

particular

type

of

sand

Pete

AscPete

commented

AM

Yes

coarse

Concrete

Sand

purchased

by

the

Cu

Yd

ninamd

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PM

Very

informative

Thanks

a

lot

like

ninamd

Join

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PM

Pete

question

pls

What

would

be

the

best

shape

if

you

want

maximal

fruit

production

AscPete

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Phenom

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Ninamd

Youre

welcome

Thanks

for

commenting

In

answer

to

your

question

It

depends

on

a

few

variable

Your

Zone

Whether

its

in

ground

or

potted

Amount

of

space

available

for

the

growing

plants

and

for

storage

In

colder

zones

the

potted

tree

form

is

the

easiest

to

maintain

store

and

manage

In

colder

zones

inground

a

multiple

cordon

shape

is

the

most

productive

and

can

be

easily

covered

with

netting

and

winterized

In

warmer

zones

a

large

multiple

cordon

shape

is

also

the

most

productive

as

in

this

link

from

the

OP

Last

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by

AscPete

AM

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

ninamd

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AM

Oh

a

lot

to

think

about

Thanks

Pete

comment

AscPete

commented

AM

What

is

your

plan

potted

or

inground

If

potted

in

your

zone

the

tree

or

bush

form

can

be

very

productive

since

there

is

no

winterization

required

but

so

could

the

espaliered

if

done

in

a

multiple

cordon

or

more

but

it

will

need

a

simple

scaffold

support

The

pruning

technique

is

the

important

part

not

the

trained

shape

Establishing

the

Main

and

Scaffold

branches

then

creating

the

fruiting

branch

stubs

for

yearly

pruning

is

the

actual

key

to

increased

production

ninamd

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AM

Planning

on

potted

plants

just

like

how

they

do

it

in

nurseries

in

Asia

in

big

cement

rounds

forgot

what

they

are

called

I

live

in

Manila

Philippines

Not

sure

what

zone

we

have

but

you

are

right

no

winter

here

Hehe

Thanks

I

thought

that

the

trained

shape

is

the

important

thing

comment

AscPete

commented

AM

Ive

seen

pictures

of

the

trees

in

those

cement

pipes

If

they

are

planted

as

close

as

those

shown

in

the

video

the

tree

or

bush

form

would

be

the

easiest

to

maintain

and

prune

Establishing

the

permanent

scaffold

branches

could

be

done

in

only

one

season

in

your

location

pruning

maintainance

would

be

simply

pruning

back

the

fruiting

branches

yearly

after

harvesting

the

figs

ninamd

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AM

Thanks

Pete

comment

AscPete

commented

AM

Youre

welcome

The

Japanese

have

invested

in

a

lot

of

research

on

commercial

fig

production

including

the

most

productive

pruning

methods

I

dont

speak

or

read

the

language

but

have

Google

translated

some

of

their

documents

They

may

be

a

good

source

for

better

pruning

shapes

that

can

be

used

in

your

location

As

an

example

from

the

links

in

the

OP

httpwwwhawaiifruitnetfigstationindexhtml

The

potted

espalier

shape

is

reputed

to

produce

figs

in

a

feet

by

feet

space

and

thats

in

a

colder

zone

AscPete

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Phenom

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AM

Just

though

that

I

would

add

a

picture

of

the

planting

and

pruning

method

mentioned

by

Ninamd

that

seems

to

be

practiced

in

Malaysia

This

facebook

page

has

lots

of

very

good

info

and

videos

in

English

httpswwwfacebookcomfigmalaysia

In

the

photo

the

trees

have

small

caliper

mains

and

very

long

and

spindly

branches

which

may

be

due

to

the

long

growing

season

I

would

be

curios

to

know

if

anyone

has

tried

establishing

mains

and

or

scaffolds

when

pruning

The

pictured

trees

look

similar

to

the

Columnar

pruning

diagram

in

post

the

branches

would

be

pruned

back

to

the

main

vertical

yearly

Video

of

young

trees

Last

edited

by

AscPete

AM

Reason

Added

Video

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

AscPete

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Update

photo

of

the

two

trees

in

post

that

were

bare

rooted

and

root

pruned

on

May

Both

trees

have

buds

breaking

at

almost

every

node

Last

edited

by

AscPete

PM

Reason

added

closeup

photos

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

mountainfigs

Senior

Member

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AM

Originally

posted

by

AscPete

View

Post

In

the

photo

the

trees

have

small

caliper

mains

and

very

long

and

spindly

branches

which

may

be

due

to

the

long

growing

season

I

would

be

curios

to

know

if

anyone

has

tried

establishing

mains

and

or

scaffolds

when

pruning

Great

links

Pete

Interesting

that

they

remove

so

many

leaves

I

did

that

last

year

on

a

small

Binello

tree

after

figs

had

long

formed

Didnt

seem

to

have

much

effect

did

not

seem

to

accelerate

ripening

much

if

at

all

Maybe

other

factors

played

out

The

one

tree

that

I

have

with

a

small

caliper

main

and

long

and

spindly

branches

arrived

at

that

point

due

to

being

put

under

too

low

light

in

late

winter

indoors

Now

I

am

taking

advantage

of

that

skeletal

shape

to

try

to

grow

and

shape

a

fruitful

especially

tall

tree

Definitely

lots

of

fruit

forming

so

far

Hope

the

tree

can

be

pruned

to

fill

out

much

more

for

next

year

Tony

WV

httpsmountainfigsnet

comment

AscPete

commented

AM

Thanks

I

read

that

the

leaves

are

removed

due

to

Rust

old

age

and

the

plants

are

at

the

end

of

their

production

cycle

The

long

spindly

branches

long

internode

spacing

and

small

leaves

may

be

due

to

specific

cultural

practices

and

location

like

type

and

amount

of

fertilizer

but

its

only

a

guess

AscPete

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A

video

on

pruning

a

Bush

form

inground

tree

after

winter

dieback

from

Petals

from

the

Past

A

video

on

pruning

potted

trees

in

the

UK

with

an

interesting

emphasis

on

tip

removal

before

bud

break

in

the

spring

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchfeaturazoMDYVwt465

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

AscPete

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Update

Progress

photos

of

the

two

trees

in

post

that

were

bare

rooted

and

root

pruned

on

May

Most

of

the

new

buds

will

be

removed

to

allow

the

selected

or

branches

to

grow

out

this

season

and

form

the

scaffold

branches

These

photos

are

Before

final

pruning

Ill

add

the

after

pruning

photos

to

this

post

later

today

Last

edited

by

AscPete

AM

Pete

S

Hudson

Valley

NY

zone

like

masterful

Junior

Member

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Hi

all

so

once

the

fruiting

wood

is

done

producing

figs

the

same

fruiting

wood

is

cut

back

to

nodes

The

following

year

new

growth

occurs

on

one

of

the

two

nodes

and

after

that

has

finished

fruiting

that

fruiting

branch

is

reduced

to

nodes

and

the

process

is

repeated

yearly

right

looking

at

the

Japan

photos

those

side

spurs

seem

uniform

with

this

be

the

case

too

like

comment

AscPete

commented

AM

Yes

but

the

pruning

can

be

done

in

late

winter

just

before

bud

break

if

done

in

the

fall

a

pruning

sealer

will

delay

die

back

of

the

cut

end

Actually

only

node

is

required

the

other

node

is

a

backup

The

process

is

repeated

yearly

but

can

be

extended

to

every

years

if

growing

a

San

Pedro

type

predominantly

Breba

producing

fig

in

colder

zones

Over

time

the

caliper

of

the

limbs

and

spurs

will

increase

creating

a

uniform

appearance

similar

to

Pollarding

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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How to Bait Coyotes Coyote Hunting OL If you think about it predator hunting is a strange thing to want to do The hours are terrible The hunting is tough Not tough like Chuck Norris or a 3 steak but tough like trying to understand quantum mechanics or locate the Holy Grail After hours of fruitless wailing on a wounded rabbit call years of bumbling around the winter woods after midnight and coming up empty its only natural to believe theres some magic formulasome missing bit of supersecret insightthat can transform an average hunter into a predatorcalling master But as the following experts will tell you consistent success in hunting any predator species comes less from what kind of call or cover scent you use than from a few simple rules and a handful of basic setups that will skew the odds in your favor There is no guarantee of success when hunting coyotes even when you know how to bait coyotes better than anyone else Most coyote hunting is done after deer season when every creature in the woods is on edge Coyotes already live life on a hair trigger After a typical firearms season they hit DEFCON One and can become so skittish in some parts of Americaespecially the Eastthat you need more luck than skill to dupe one with a predator call Brian Downs of Cape Cod Massachusetts says that now is the time to break out the baitcicle Coyote Hunting OL An Offer They Cant Refuse Be sure to check the regulations in your state but for the most part anywhere biologists value the deer herd baiting for coyotes is perfectly legal Its like that movie If you build it they will come says Downs whos been successfully baiting coyotes for more than a decade Hes written about it offers seminars on how to do it and often talks about baiting coyotes on his online talkcast predatortalkcastcom In Field of Dreams Kevin Costner builds a baseball field to draw old ball players to his Iowa farm Downs makes frozen deermeat bait pilesbaitciclesand practices what he calls pressure baiting Most hunters who hunt coyotes over bait do so under a full moon They wait for a good blanket of snow and suffer through bitter midnight temperatures By pressure baiting however Downs shoots 90 percent of his coyotes in the two hours before dark just before the temperature plummets For bait I pack venison scraps into fivegallon buckets top them off with water and freeze them Downs says Deer processors around his Massachusetts home provide Downs with hundreds of pounds of free meat scraps and bones otherwise bound for the landfill According to Downs who maintains up to 16 bait sites from December through March successful baiting for coyotes is much like baiting for bears It takes a lot of bait and daily visits to a site to not only build the coyotes confidence but also spark a sort of Pavlovian response in them to your comings and goings I dont care about my scent when Im putting out bait I wear the same boots and gloves and run my baits at the same time every day explains Downs I want them to associate the smell of my boots with dinner But each time I visit a site I put out a little less and a little less until Im putting out a softballsize piece of bait Thats pressure baiting In the dead of winter when food is scarce it makes the coyotes who want to eat come earlier and earlier to the bait site The Setups In a basic setup you place the bait as close to the coyotes bedding area as possiblein the open but just five steps from cover A Downs likes to position himself in an elevated tree stand or a ground blind no less than 75 yards downwind from the bait B This keeps him a safe distance away should a cautious coyote choose to circle downwind before committing to the bait They cant resist bait says Downs Once theyre conditioned to taking bait Ive even found that sometimes theyll totally give up the wind to come in to it C But Ive found they actually prefer sticking to cover rather than using the wind D Downs uses this chink in the coyotes sensory armor when playing the wind is impossible Again by pressure baiting you make all the coyotes in the area feel a need to beat the competition to the bait site first thing in the evening In places where the cover is great but the prevailing wind is not place the bait close to the coyotes bedding area but on a brushy point or corridor that offers a direct route to the bait and dense cover for their approach E Coyote Hunting OL Tags Predator Hunting Hunting Be the first to comment

O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O B I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O O O O


Abstract Shower Curtains Bedding Bath Bath Towels Shower Accessories Shower Curtains 160 of 2843 Results Colors Styles Modern Contemporary Bohemian Eclectic Farmhouse MidCentury Modern Beach Victorian Hygge Tropical Sizes 71 x 79 72 x 72 70 x 72 71 x 72 69 x 70 69 x 72 Care Instruction Machine Wash Spot Clean Hand Wash Dry Clean Brands Madison Park Laural Home Kess InHouse Lush Decor The Curated Nomad kensie IDIntelligent Designs Greenland Home Fashions Vince Camuto Deny Designs Crayola Oliver Gal Carnation Home Fashions ExCell Home Fashions Sweet Jojo Designs Famous Home HiEnd Accents Sherry Kline E by Design InStyleDesign Inspired Surroundings Kavka Designs LaMont Matr Boomie Pointehaven Porch Den Sweet Home Collection Veratex Discount 10 Off or More 25 Off or More 50 Off or More 70 Off or More Sales Promotions Clearance On Sale Top Rated Best Selling Product Features Extra Long Customer Ratings 4 up 3 up 2 up 1 up pattern Abstract SALE ends in 13 hours More Options See Price in Cart Vince Camuto Lyon Brushstroke Printed Shower Curtains 85 1829 26 49 The Curated Nomad Lyon Damask Shower Curtain 111 1840 24 99 Excell Disco 7 Gauge Vinyl Shower Curtain 46 897 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 30 59 5159 2100 OFF Lush Decor Avery Ruffled Shower Curtain 87 1020 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 84 14 Was 9899 1485 OFF Laural Home Rock Flow Shower Curtain 27 748 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 31 04 Was 3449 345 OFF Urban Beat Shower Curtain 145 220 29 47 29 99 3099 152 OFF Porch Den Niantic Printed Shower Curtain 2color Option 50 1239 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 73 09 MSRP 15200 7891 OFF OliverGal Love in Teal Shower Curtain 11 166 26 99 MSRP 6579 3880 OFF Madison Park Essentials Odisha Printed Shower Curtain3 Color Options 47 814 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 38 24 Was 4349 525 OFF Vinyl Shower Curtain with Hooks Dream Catcher A 71 x 71 1 33 49 35 49 MSRP 5500 2151 OFF Lush Decor Mid Century Geo Shower Curtain 4 73 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 35 54 Was 3949 395 OFF Greenland Home Fashions 72inch Southwest Shower Curtain 76 972 50 99 MSRP 14248 9149 OFF Splatter I Purple Shower Curtain 19 338 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 67 99 Was 8399 1600 OFF Iveta Abolina Winter Marble Shower Curtain 4 74 19 99 Excell City Skyline Shower Curtain 10 194 21 29 Excell Tateez Mermaid Print Fabric Shower Curtain 15 158 44 99 Crayola Etch No Liner Shower Curtain 9 357 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 31 94 MSRP 5600 2406 OFF Lush Decor Connor Geo Shower Curtain 2 49 99 MSRP 15748 10749 OFF Pattern Butterfly Shower Curtain 30 304 44 99 MSRP 12498 7999 OFF Nautical Nonsense Blue White Starfish Shower Curtain 25 325 36 49 MSRP 8289 4640 OFF Madison Park Azure Blue Printed Sheer Shower Curtain 2 57 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 87 97 Was 10849 2052 OFF Laural Home Roaming the West Shower Curtain 1 SALE ends in 13 hours Sale 92 22 Was 10849 1627 OFF Laural Home Abstract Floral Shower Curtain 71inch x 74inch 7 SALE

O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Accent Chairs High Back Living Room Chairs Home Goods Furniture Living Room Furniture Living Room Chairs 160 of 405 Results Colors Patterns Solid Floral Striped Paisley Abstract Damask Ikat Plaid Chevron Polka Dot Animal Print Materials Upholstered Wood Metal Rattan Wicker Plastic Chair Back Heights High Back Low Back Backless Brands Christopher Knight Home Safavieh Madison Park Porch Den Handy Living Furniture of America iNSPIRE Q Abbyson Signature Design by Ashley Baxton Studio Strick Bolton HomePop Lancaster Home American Atelier Carson Carrington Tommy Hilfiger Skyline Furniture Stone Stripes Armen Living Simple Living ART Furniture Avenue Greene Linon Copper Grove

B I O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


14 Dec 2017 Life as a Medical Student 12 Things You Really Have to Know Being a medical student will involve working harder than youve ever worked in your life but chances are itll also involve having more fun than youve ever had before There are plenty of offputting myths about being a medical student but in reality its enjoyable interesting and highly rewarding especially in light of what youre working towards In this article I will describe 12 things about being a medical student that I hope will reassure and excite you about the prospect of studying medicine 1 You will be able to use what you learn for the rest of your life This might seem like a fairly trivial point but it should not be overlooked The truth for many courses is that you are only really studying in order to pass your exams and once you have managed this the information which you have tried so hard to learn is largely useless to you This is very much not the case in medicine with areas of study including anatomy physiology biochemistry pharmacology and pathology all being directly applicable in diagnosing understanding and treating a disease Not only is this a great incentive to learn the core course material well in order Difficult at university and no easier when you actually start working but with a huge positive impact on lives 2 Sometimes its hard work Studying medicine comes with a certain expectation to work harder on average than most other students There are generally more contact hours than other subjects this year I have a 95 day every Friday with practicals and lectures taking up a great deal of time Of course its not just the contact hours when you are working lecture notes need to be read over essays have to be written practicals should be prepared for and keeping on top of it all can be a challenge This is especially the case as your work load will vary from week to week Theres also a reasonable amount of pressure on to pass exams In most subjects other than medicine what you are really studying and aiming for is the best grade possible Obviously this is true to an extent in medicine but there is an additional challenge which is the very high pass marks for the 2nd MB exams the ones you have to pass in order to become a doctor By being passed in these you are essentially being certified as competent enough in a subject area to continue towards a professional medical career Passing these exams can often require cramming 3 Its not all hard work Dont panic medicine can be challenging but youll still have plenty of time to enjoy being an undergraduate an experience that many people say is the best time of their life The level of work in the course is such that you will have time to make the most out of other activities at university such as sports music and the huge range of other societies that are on offer at university All that you need to do in order to manage these other activities is be efficient with the time you spend working dont spend a whole afternoon watching 4 Being a medical student isnt all about studying medicine All these activities that you can do in your spare time arent just about having fun however While the main reason you do them is to enjoy yourself and take your mind off work they are actually very important in your personal development This is as mentioned above working on skills that are outside the scope of academic study but are still vital to being an effective doctor For example by taking part in music or theatre you will become accustomed to performing in front of a large crowd of people and as a consequence if you ever have to Equally playing in a sports team will help you function with other people some of whom you may have a personality clash with or strongly differ in opinions You become used to a position of responsibility with other people relying on you to perform your role sometimes under pressure Sports and societies also provide an opportunity to take a leadership and organisational role which once again will become very important in a clinical context whether it is organising ward staff or running a practice as a GP Medicine is a career in which it is vital to emerge from university 5 Studying anatomy involves more than looking at pictures Anatomy can be rather fullon especially at traditional institutions such as Cambridge where throughout the course of your first year you dissect a subject who has decided to donate their body to training medical students This means getting involved with a scalpel yourself and doing what can occasionally be a rather unpleasant task Some people might be really excited by the idea of getting stuck in and having a really practical course in anatomy but for those who dont you shouldnt panic Most other universities use only preprepared dissections prosections which you will still have to learn the structures of 6 You will make some of your closest friends studying medicine Make sure you take the time to make the most of the people youre at university with They dont necessarily have to be medics many people become very close with people in their sports team or society but medics do seem to end up hanging around together Unfortunately this can sometimes lead to slightly geeky medic chat where before you know whats happening you end up discussing what happened in the mornings lectures or how you found last weeks practical This can be a good way to remind yourself what happened in the lecture earlier no one can concentrate all 7 Studying medicine brings you up to date with the latest medical research For those of you who are really interested in the biological sciences studying medicine is a great opportunity to be brought very close to the frontier of current scientific knowledge beyond what you will find in textbooks Your lecturers are all actively involved in their field of interest and as such it is part of their job to stay up to date with all the latest advances and studies that are going on in that area Therefore they can teach things well before they are published in textbooks and make you aware of very uptodate and relevant research papers Be 8 Medicine is a long course Studying medicine is very much a marathon not a sprint It is a 5 or 6 year course where in your final few years holidays become a lot shorter and you are studying almost all year round instead of having three months off a year The reason the course is so long is because of the volume of material that needs to be learned both the basic scientific principles and the clinical skills needed to apply them must be taught While this may seem like a fairly monumental task the truth is that while at university time seems to pass incredibly rapidly probably because the average student is so busy they dont have time to notice each term flying past While this is nice as it feels as if youre making rapid progress through your studies it also means its very easy to get behind on work and not catch up until the holidays come around Fortunately the holidays come around so quickly due to the short length of the terms you can usually get away with this and the 9 You have a vacation not a holiday What they mean by this is that the Christmas and Easter breaks are simply the times when you vacate your accommodation and not a complete holiday from work Of course this does not necessarily have to be true If youve managed your work very well during term time and stayed on top of everything there is no reason why you cant enjoy a well earned rest for a few weeks If however you prefer to do as many activities as you can while in residence the vacations can be an important opportunity to pay back the time you borrowed during 10 Organisation is key Studying at university is a real contrast to being a student at school and one of the real challenges is organising your work and activities You can no longer rely on your parents to keep a calendar of everything thats going on and instead you must sort things for yourself Add to this the fact that a significant proportion of time at university will be spent feeling tired due to excessive studying or partying and there is a recipe for potential disaster Tutorials may clash with rehearsals practicals may coincide with sports matches or a MedSoc event might be happening As a medical student a stethoscope is a tool with which you become wellacquainted very soon 11 If you pass your exams youll become a doctor Bar any kind of disaster if you pass all your exams while studying medicine you will go on to become a doctor This may well seem like stating the obvious but its worth taking a step back and thinking about this By passing you in an exam a university is certifying that you are competent enough in that subject area to continue on the path to becoming a doctor What does this mean for you First of all it means that it can be quite difficult to pass your exams In other subjects you are certified as competent by scoring While there is the drawback of having an especially tough time passing exams this is also a very exciting prospect If you manage to continue at a reasonable level putting enough work in you will qualify as a doctor Compare this with a subject such as law where if you pass your law degree with a 21 you are not guaranteed to become a lawyer you are not even guaranteed a job This is also the case with engineering while you may become a certified engineer it does not mean you have any kind of reassurance that you will go 12 Most of your peers will be very intelligent Medical students represent an extremely limited selection of people your age and they will tend to be both very capable and hard working This can sometimes result in you feeling rather demoralised when comparing yourself to other medics especially as you will tend to notice the ones working harder than you more than the rest Remember the people you are comparing yourself to represent the very top fraction of students in the country and as such you should not be disheartened if some of them are better than you In fact there will be plenty of other medical students at Being a medical student puts you in a very privileged position among the very top students across the country It generally seems to be the case that medics follow the mantra work hard play hard Most importantly remember that being a student is not only a means to an end but an end in itself Make sure you make the most of being an undergraduate Image credits surgery stethoscope Study in confidence with ORAs accredited awardwinning educational courses

O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Definition of land noun from the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary land noun BrE lænd NAmE lænd Add to my wordlist surface of earth uncountable the surface of the earth that is not sea It was good to be back on land We made the journey by land though flying would have been cheaper In the distance the crew sighted land The elephant is the largest living land animal Synonyms Synonyms Oxford Collocations Dictionary see also dry land area of ground uncountable also lands plural an area of ground especially of a particular type or used for a particular purpose synonym terrain fertilearidstony etc land flatundulatinghilly etc land agriculturalarableindustrial etc land The land was very dry and hard after the long hot summer The land rose to the east a piece of wastederelict land Some of the countrys richest grazing lands are in these valleys Synonyms Oxford Collocations Dictionary uncountable also formal lands plural the area of ground that somebody owns especially when you think of it as property that can be bought or sold The price of land is rising rapidly During the war their lands were occupied by the enemy conflicts over tribal lands see also nomansland Oxford Collocations Dictionary countryside the land uncountable used to refer to the countryside and the way people live in the country as opposed to in cities At the beginning of the 20th century almost a third of the population lived off the land grew or produced their own food Many people leave the land to find work in towns and cities Synonyms Oxford Collocations Dictionary countryregion countable literary used to refer to a country or region in a way which appeals to the emotions or the imagination She longed to return to her native land They dreamed of travelling to foreign lands faraway lands beyond the sea America is the land of freedom and opportunity the land of the fairieselvesgiants see also cloud cuckoo land clubland dockland dreamland fairyland nevernever land Promised Land wonderland There are many other compounds ending in You will find them at their place in the alphabet Oxford Collocations Dictionary Word Origin Extra examples Idioms in the land of the living often humorous awake or alive or no longer illsick Im glad to see youre back in the land of the living We were worried about you By lunchtime Id returned to the land of the living in the land of Nod oldfashioned humorous asleep Pete and Jo were still in the land of Nod so I went out for a walk in the morning sunshine the land of milk and honey a place where life is pleasant and easy and people are very happy He dreamed of emigrating to Canadathe land of milk and honey the lie of the land British English North American English the lay of the land the way the land in an area is formed and what physical characteristics it has The castle was hidden by the lie of the land the way a situation is now and how it is likely to develop Check out the lie of the land before you make a decision live off the fat of the land to have enough money to be able to afford expensive things food drink etc live off the land to eat whatever food you can grow kill or find yourself see etc how the land lies British English to find out about a situation Lets wait and see how the land lies before we do anything spy out the land to collect information before deciding what to do See in the Oxford Learners Dictionary of Academic English See in the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary Check pronunciation Other Links iWriter iSpeaker My Wordlists Resources Wordlists Oxford 3000 Pronunciation Topics Other results All matches land verb land in phrasal verb land with phrasal verb dry land noun land grab noun land mass noun crashland verb land agent noun Phrasal verbs land in phrasal verb land with phrasal verb land up inatonwith phrasal verb Idioms the lay of the land land a blow punch etc the land of milk and honey live off the fat of the land Nearby words The Lancet lancet noun land noun land verb land agent noun Explore our topics Animals Body and appearance Business Clothes and fashion Crime and law Culture Education Family and life stages Food and drink Health Houses and buildings Language Leisure Nature Personality and emotions Religion and politics Retail Science Social issues Technology The media Travel and tourism War and conflict Work

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Steamy Party 8 Steamy ClothingOptional Resorts in Jamaica Aug 7 2018 by Anne Olivia Bauso Pin Email Away from the daily grind excused from household chores impervious to an everexpanding inbox travel has a lot to do with feeling free maybe as much as or even more than it does with seeing the world Travelers wanting to take that intoxicating sense of escape and multiply it could go on a nudefriendly vacation one where they can unplug strip down and disconnect Jamaica is a great destination for naturists as it has several hotels catering to a range of comfort levels Some resorts allow nudity almost anywhere while others have designated clothingoptional or clothingforbidden beaches and pools Take a look at our favorite Jamaica resorts where you can swap your swimsuit for your birthday suit 1 Hedonism II Negril Beach at Hedonism II Oyster Hedonism II or Hedo as it is lovingly called by its staff and cadre of loyalist guests is an adultsonly allinclusive that allows nay encourages fullon nakedness throughout much of its grounds Specifically the disrobed goingson take place in Hedonisms nude section where nudity is required at the beach pool and hot tub A prude side is designed for those who prefer a calmer vibe and the use of coverups 2 Couples Negril Beach at Couples Negril Oyster If there was ever an aptly named resort its Couples Negril a childfree allinclusive that focuses on romance and adultthemed features like private candlelit dinners and a separate clothingoptional beach The peaceful area is insulated from the rest of the property by a row of tall bushes and has its own hot tub a full bar where theres rarely a wait and a private bathroom as well as horseshoes and bocce ball For some lawn games in the buff will be the ultimate expression of liberation For others such entertainment pales in comparison to the naked tub wrestling and naked glitter body painting available at nearby Hedo 3 Couples Tower Isle Ocho Rios Nude Island at Couples Tower Isle Oyster All four Couples resorts in Jamaica have a dedicated area for nudists At Couples Tower Isle its a small island officially called Tower Isle but more playfully known as Nude Island a short boat ride from the resort The rocky refuge has a small pool a little bit of beach a swimup bar and a stone tower with bathrooms Guests can keep to themselves in the gazebos or mingle during staffled games and the buffet lunch when seafood jerk chicken and salad are brought out to the island Earlymorning tours are offered to nonnudists but for the most part this namesake island is clothing prohibited not clothing optional 4 Couples Sans Souci Ocho Rios Nude Beach at Couples San Souc iOyster The nude beach at Couples Sans Souci is notable for its size seclusion facilities and natural beauty Called Sunset Beach this stretch of sand is quite a bit bigger than the hotels main beach and has ample loungers set up under palms and palapas The beach even has its own dedicated pool with a swimupwalkup bar underwater tables a stone grotto and an adjacent hot tub For lunch theres a buffet with grill fare burgers jerk chicken and ice cream Like Tower Isle this area is not clothing optional but rather prohibits clothing altogether Those who prefer to stay suited up will have to wait until the 5 Grand Lido Negril Au Naturel AllSuiteResort Beach at Grand Lido Negril Au Naturel AllSuiteResort Oyster When Grand Lido reopened in 2017 its predecessor of the same name and on the same site was demolished it presented something of a new concept for the Caribbean the luxury nude resort Hedonism II has a big nude section but it is not luxurious Couples Sans Souci is more upscale but its naturistfriendly areas are limited And while guests at Club Orient Resort in St Martin can go anywhere onsite completely naked the property is a middleoftheroad familyfriendly option We could go on but the point is that Grand Lido stands out as a luxurious clothingoptional spot for adults only Couples and singles are asked to cover up in the lobby but are free to roam the rest of the 26suite resort entirely clothingfree They also have access to sister resorts Royalton Negril and Hideaway at Royalton Negril The former is familyfriendly and the latter is only for adults but both require clothing 6 Couples Swept Away Negril Beach at Couples Swept Away Oyster Dotted with sea grape trees and straw umbrellas the whitesand beach at Couples Swept Away is made for Instagram The resorts nude beach is separated from the main beach by hedges and has its own bar hot tub and bathroom with showers Like other locations in the Couples family the beach here is strictly for couples only no singles and no clothing is allowed not even string bottoms 7 Grand Palladium Lady Hamilton Resort Spa Lucea Lobby at Grand Palladium Lady Hamilton Resort Spa Oyster Dress codes are enforced throughout much of the upscale Grand Palladium Lady Hamilton but clothing is not mandatory at its adultsonly beach and pool areas Elsewhere the large immaculately groomed lawns sun decks patios and lounging areas provide ample space for guests to unwind yet the overall atmosphere is more lively than lowkey And despite Lady Hamiltons clothingoptional areas couples and singles arent the only visitors plenty of families stay here too as the resort has a good amount of kidfriendly features on offer 8 Grand Bahia Principe Jamaica Runaway Bay Beach at Grand Bahia Principe Jamaica Oyster Grand Bahia s nude beach is one of our favorite nude beaches Its a lowkey clothingoptional spot for those genuinely interested in sunbathing without a stitch of swimwear The resorts main clothingmandatory beach is just as beautiful as its nude counterpart and is great for snorkeling Youll Also Like 9 Tips for Visiting Your First ClothingOptional Resort 11 of the Best ClothingOptional Resorts in Mexico and the Caribbean The Best BangforYourBuck AllInclusives in Jamaica

O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B


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get Xbox Live Gold for 1 for 1 month here GRAND THEFT AUTO V PREMIUM ONLINE EDITION The Grand Theft Auto V Premium Online Edition includes the complete Grand Theft Auto V story 0 Gaming 4 Jan 8 0 Affiliate expired XB1 Burnout Paradise Remastered US 660 AU 938 with Gold US 500 AU 711 Microsoft US Store L skeevs on 24122018 0928 wwwmicrosoftcom Just purchased this from the US store with US paypal linked to local AU debit card See some comments here for tips on payment AU Store this game is now priced at AU 1318 with 67 4 Gaming 4 Jan 5 0 Affiliate expired XB1PC Forza Motorsport 7 Standard Edition 3497 Microsoft Store L drjaydenm on 24122018 0922 wwwmicrosoftcom Microsoft Store sale over Christmas Deluxe edition on sale for 7146 Ultimate for 9746 5 Gaming 3 Jan 16 0 Affiliate expired XB1 Rayman Legends AU 1318 AU 999 for Live Gold Was AU 3995 Microsoft Being Askhole on 22122018 1341 wwwmicrosoftcom Good Price Enjoy The Glade of Dreams is in trouble once again The nightmares multiplied and spread creating new monsters even more terrifying than before Also New users can still get 0 Gaming 4 Jan 192 0 Affiliate expired 13 Free Anime Series in HD Microsoft Canada EG Dragon Ball Z Eureka Seven Yu Yu Hakusho More doweyy on 21122018 1906 wwwmicrosoftcom Greetings everyone Microsoft Canada have a range of free Anime series on sale again A VPN should not required when purchasing from Microsoft Canada for these series Playback is available on 24 Entertainment Freebie 22 Dec 2018 600pm 60 0 Affiliate expired XB1 Forza Horizon 3 Hot Wheels DLC 748 Microsoft Mickeyjc on 21122018 1605 wwwmicrosoftcom I have been waiting for this addon game on sale for so many months Finally the wait is over Thanks Microoft 23 Gaming 4 Jan 55 0 Affiliate expired Xbox Live Gold 1 for a Month for People without Active Subscription netsurfer on 21122018 1235 wwwmicrosoftcom Xbox Live Gold 1 for a month for people without active subscription Only available at this price until 04Jan2019 Upcoming free games Celeste 112019 WRC 6 1612019 Current free 14 Gaming 4 Jan 4 0 Affiliate expired XB1 Battlefield V Battlefield 1 Revolution 5208 with Xbox Live Gold 6510 without Xbox Live Gold Microsoft snoopydoop on 21122018 1019 wwwmicrosoftcom Seems to be around the normal sale price for Battlefield V at the moment with the added benefit of receiving Battlefield 1 if you havent yet got it for free Price without Xbox Live Gold 16 Gaming 4 Jan 21 2 Affiliate expired 0 Movie Maker Free Video Editor Slide Show Maker Video Cutter Merger Music Video Maker Save 59995 Microsoft Store RonT on 20122018 2153 wwwmicrosoftcom I dont really know whether this app is actually worth 59995 but it has 4stars with 254 reviews Edit Although it says free I just installed it and noted that it has frequent advertisements To 8 Computing Freebie 28 Dec 2018 9 0 Affiliate expired Xbox One S 1TB Console Minecraft Limited Edition Bundle 28405 Delivered Microsoft Australia eBay The Me on 19122018 1040 wwwebaycomau P5OFF Good price for the minecraft edition Free shipping and comes with 1 month Xbox game pass trail and a 14 day Xbox live gold trail Enjoy Original P5OFF 5 off Sitewide on eBay Deal Post 9 Gaming 31 Dec 2018 1122am 13 0 expired NSW Free IceBlock 12pm3pm Microsoft Store Sydney r0xz on 18122018 1330 msftsocial Surprise Beat the heat between 20 and 23 December in our special Holiday Chillout Zone Come down to the flagship Microsoft Store Sydney from midday 3pm to enjoy some Xbox game play and a free 12 Dining Takeaway 23 Dec 2018 300pm 123 1 Affiliate expired Microsoft Surface Laptop i5 7th Gen 8GB RAM 256GB SSD for 119920 Microsoft eBay L jacktator on 16122018 1432 wwwebaycomau PMICRO20 PINCHME First time posting on OZB go gentle please Microsoft Surface Laptop i5 4GB 128GB Platinum Original 1499 On Special 999 Use code PMICRO20 to get further 20 off 79920 finally use 10 62 Computing 16 Dec 2018 16 0 Affiliate expired Bose Solo 5 TV Sound System 22336 Delivered Microsoft eBay deal junkie on 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