Skeletal muscle mechanics FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Terms in this set 27 twitch a single brief contraction period then relaxation period of a skeletal muscle in response to a single stimulation latent period lag period delay that occurs in a twitch after stimulus is applied and before contraction of the muscle fiber begins no change in muscle length corresponds to the time from the point of excitation of a muscle fiber until the point at which the contraction starts contraction period receptive power strokes pull the thin filaments past the thick filaments shortening sacromeres muscle tension increases muscle tension increases as sacromere shorten relaxation period begins w release of cross bridges resulting from the return of Ca2 back to sarcoplasmic reticulium recruitment increase in muscle tension that occurs with an increase in stimulus intensity consecutive stimuli of a motor unit permits priecise control of force generated by a muscle by regulating the number of motor units involved in a connection treppe stepwise increase in strength of contraction frequency of stimulus is increased generated muscle tension is greater not due to increase in voltage V stays the same increase in muscle tensioninsufficient time to remove all Ca2 from sacroplasm and return to sarcoplasmic reticulum move cross bridges formedstronger contraction wave summation stimulation occurs rapidly contractions of muscle fibers fuse and form a continuous smooth contraction that lacks any relaxation isometric contraction muscle tension is less than the resistance tension is generated but the muscle does not shorten and no movement occurs isotonic contraction muscle tension is greater than resistance muscle shortens or lengthens movement occurs concentric contraction shortening of muscle length eccentric contraction lengthening of a muscle length lengthtension relationship a muscle generates different amounts of tension depending on its length at the time of stimulation amount of overlap between thin and thick filaments when the muscle beings its contraction influences the amount of tension a muscle can generate when stimulated skeletal muscle stimulated at its normal resting length generates a maximum contractile force optional overlap between thin thick filaments much that is already contracted produces a weaker contraction think filaments are already close to the 2 disks and sliding filaments are limited in their movement minimal over lap muscle tone resulting tension in a muscle generated by involuntary nervous stimulation of the muscle muscles dont completely relax required to maintain tension and the position of a join wo producing movement concentric isotonic contraction shortening of a muscle resistance is less than muscle tension bicep curl the contraction phase of a muscle twitch has a shorter duration than the relaxation period TF_ true events of excitation contraction coupling such as the release of calcium from intracellular stores occur during ____ period of a muscle twitch latent a subthreshold stimulus only evokes a smal muscle twitch instead of a full tetanic on traction TF False muscles obey all or nothing law A graph of a muscle twitch contains 3 periods The period during which there is no change in external muscle tension and no change in muscle length is the _____ period latent The increase in muscle tension that occurs w an increase in the intensity voltage of a stimulus is called recruitment In lab wave summation is demonstrated by increasing the ____ of a stimulus frequency Which contraction occurs when you try unsuccessfully to move a wall isometric when a muscle is isometrically contracted its length ____ change does not the top long distance runner probably have ____ proportions of slow muscle fibers in their leg muscles a higher one of the reasons you might struggle to lift a heavy object if you tired to lift w your arm at a fully extended posture is that full extension results in decreased over lab between thick thin filaments one of the most crucial factors in the development of fatigue appears to be depletion of ATP TF False one of the most crucial factors in the development of fatigue is depletion of glycogen stores

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Advertising and Consumer Culture Definitions FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Consumer culture the symbols and messages that surround people about products and services that they buy and use consume CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 110 Terms in this set 110 Consumer culture the symbols and messages that surround people about products and services that they buy and use consume Consumer culture includes how individuals make meaning from those messages understand ourselveslives through these meanings introduction of consumer culture was a radical shift in our society Consumer culture we have experienced a major shift in society how goods are produced and distributed and a major shift in culture how we think about products and interpret them and a major shift in value systems in consumer culture common sense modern values like efficiency convenience and obsolescence are greatly enhanced in pre industrial america peoples work lives were inseparable from their family and social lives the idea of convenience did not exist in this social context became major value in consumer culture consumer culture assumes time is valuable there is a separation between labor leisure time leisure time desirable involves consumption of goodsservices life does not mean labor leisure in consumer culture through advertising becomes a goal of modern living not just an attribute to sell a product consumer culture applies obsolescence to all products and so we think of products beyond their material function as a fashion accessory commodity self refers to how we construct our identities trough the consumer products that inhabit our lives commodity self implies that we are constructed through our identification with commodity signs meanings that are attached to consumer products that we acquire through their purchase and use fashion style changes made independent of utility obsolescence on the basis of style fashions time span and its systematic obsolescence have become characteristics in mass production and consumption fashion developed because manufacturers came to understand that markets were not shaped by supply and demand but could be developed and extended fashion manufacturers convince consumers to buy more of what they already have by offering more options fashion the new by nature is superior to the old even if the older product was still functional tech bricolage like tactics this s how people learn to make do with what they have practise of the marginalcounter culture bricolage taking commodities and making them ones own by giving them new meaning bricolage example wearing safety pins as body ornamentation converting devils horns to mean the MS 13 gang sign counterbricolage practice used by marketers and advertisers to borrow and sell as commodities aspects of bricolage style counterbricolage example styles of street youth are appropriated by manufacturers and then packaged and sold to consumers appropriation the act of borrowing stealing or taking over others works images words meanings to ones own end appropriation to take and repackage ideas to sell products Puffing exaggerated language to promote a product false promises astold stories mysteriousscientificsounding labels Puffing example over the counter allhealing instant relief pain killers commodity fetishism process by which goods are emptied of the meaning surround their production labour cost waste and filled instead with abstract meanings and these meanings are given to them through discourses like advertising commodity fetishism 12 parts Mystification of how things are v how they appear to be commodity fetishism 22 parts Approfice of attributing special powers ex mercedes car self worth in commodity fetishism things are valued not for what they do but for what they cost how they look and their connotations commodity fetishism example commodity bottled water is emptied of the meaning of its production where it was bottled who worked to bottle it how it was shipped and filled with new meaning mountain springs purity via advertising icon an image that refers to something beyond its individual components something that acquires symbolic significance icon example tony the tiger Michelin man Marlboro man icons represent universal concepts emotions and meanings Therapeutic ethics emerged with rise of consumer culture as societies shifted from protestant work ethic civic responsibility and self denial to legitimizing ideas of leisure spending and individual fulfillment Therapeutic ethics an older concern for saving gave way to emphasis on spending and imagining the path to betterment through the acquisition of goods as a result of Therapeutic ethics the idea that everyone was inadequate and in need of improvement took hold therapeutic ethics is an essential part of consumer culture today consumption continues to be a form of therapy commodities fulfill emotional needs chromolythography a coloured picture printed by lithography especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries made more real images chromolythography use of multicoloured images for the first time It was used in greeting cards and the marketing of toys Done with printing press scare copy aka negative appeal negative appeals that jolt the consumer into a fear of social consequences that commodity consumption can prevent product is your helping friend scare copy example Lysol disinfectant argues that She only had herself to blame as people judge the womans skin in the ad as too old for her husband participatory copy shift from the speaking down to the consumer to a person to person discourse language of advertising that involves the consumer experience and invites the reader to become a part of that journey participatory copy example Advice from other users Barker aka Talker public crier on the streets to attract passerbyers to events Barker example Ancient Babylon used Barkers to attract attention in front of cargo ships Forefather of advertising agent Advertising Activity of explicitly paying for media space or time in order to draw positive attention to specific goods or services persuade Advertising Medium of information but also medium of entertainment selling what advertisements do mirror reflect social concerns speaking to dominant mainstream audience and create new attitudesvalues reality Strategies these are the practises by which dominant institutions seek to structure time location and actions of their social subjects dominant institutions use these practises to structure the lives of their underlings Strategies example television scheduling makes viewers watch shows in particular order see advertisements Tactics practises employed by people who are not in position of power and who gain some control over the structures and spaces over their daily lives Tactics example use a DVR to bypass the commercials Iconography identification and interpretation of the content and the composition of the images study of imagessymbols Repeated motif adding something familiar to something new gets its motif not through a single campaign but through repetition Repeated motif example absolute vodka using shape of vodka and name consistent throughout several ads becomes recognizable and then adds something new each time Denotation denotative meaning is the literalface value meaning of a sign Denotation example image of rose flower Connotation more looked for in analysis going beyond the literal to social historical cultural meaning to the image and relies on context in order to be deciphered the deeper layer Connotation example image of rose romance love loyalty could be grief depending on context Metonynmy general association of one sign to another celebrity being connected to the milk Idea of equivalence ds that create a relationship of sameness in the space of the ad between the product and its signifier also called the objective correlative Equivalence can be done through use of language visual proximity done in terms of color Idea of equivalence example Between the woman and an animal creating giving exotic qualities to the female being car and luxury differentiation use of imageidea to separate specific product from its competition in the same category can be named or just implied differentiation done by setting boundaries of identity saying what a product is not to define what it is differentiation note what is being comparedcontrasted to differentiate product from others of its kind is not usually present on the ad itself so the ads depend on a sphere of meaning Referent Systems a system of signs from which the advertisement draws its imageryideas The ads always refers to more than what is actually present in the add itself Referent Systems can draw on links placement of signs in the reference system in order o create differentiation from other products Nostalgia always unfulfilled state is retrievable cant recreate and often it never was Rosser Reeves Emphasized science in ads doctors discussing a certain ingredient only that certain product has was criticized for actors being doctors Rosser Reeves the consumer remembers one thing from an ad a strong claim or concept dont overestimate the viewers attention spam Rosser Reeves hard sell No emotional connections Commanding Not entertaining About information Straight forward no fluff Rosser Reeves technique insisted that an advertisement or commercial should show off the value or Unique Selling Proposistion one reason the product needed to be bought or was better than its competitors Bill Bernbach an American advertising creative director major force behind the Creative Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s first to combine copywriters and art directors into twoperson teams work was simple Bill Bernbach Clean direct but surprising and humours campaigns Eg puns word plays illustrations references Bill Bernbach Breaks convention and gets people taking assuming his audience has a brain William Benton agency Benton and Bowles flourished through the Great Depression bc of nnovations in radio entertainment programs sponsored by advertisers William Benton creates vivid picture using sounds radio David Ogilvy father of advertising was first to use direct advertising sending out postcards to attract people to hotel opening David Ogilvy worked for British intelligence service in US and used his knowledge of behaviour from consumerisnm in nationalism David Ogilvy Classicist wanted to return to the golden age of advertising 1920s David Ogilvy philosophy people would buy product associated with a certain image try to give each advertisers a becoming style Leo Burnett advertising executive developed fresh simple icons that came to symbolize easytounderstand product benefits Leo Burnett o Used artwork humor and information in a light way unlike Reeves hard facts Leo Burnett o Stressed inherent dream a certain way to see the product that can only be found in the product itself Leo Burnett Used his archetype characters critters to humanize the product tried to emphasize with mass audience Intertextuality the shaping of a text meaning by another text depends on prior knowledge Ideology a world view system of idea and ideals assumptions values beliefs characteristic of a social group or individual way the dominant institutions keep themselves in power and legitimize it common sense Slogan a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertisingPromoting brand name through slogans and jingles Slogans are Brief simple memorable and easy to repeat Slogan example Uneeda biscuits slogan Do you need a biscuit Uneedabiscuit Testimonial a formal statement testifying to someones character and qualifications feels like advice from real people Market segmentation thought to solve issue of competitionmarket saturation different products would fall into appropriate markets people divided by demographics and psychological factors market segmentation came from concept of class difference during same time as certain groups starting to assert themselves women African Americans identity politics Planned Obsolescence a policy of producing consumer goods that rapidly become obsolete and so require replacing achieved by frequent changes in design termination of the supply of spare parts and the use of nondurable materials Penny paper cheap tabloidstyle papers produced in US mid19th cen wmass production after shift from handcrafted to steampowered printing Cost 1 cent revolutionary by making news accessible to working and middle class citizens Penny paper Benjamin Day used ads to make the paper cheaper for consumers Penny paper restrictions limited space limited run of ads agate and no display rule no illustrations so paper smaller current fresh No illustrations in penny paper advertisers get creative lettering used t create addresses shaping letters icons repeating slogans Consumer culture that isnt Advertising social media clothing trends music pop culture govt regulations Smooth coating hides the flaws of the actual food idealized the image of food and the actual working class who see this food are different It shows something the lower class can never have food porn Spot advertisement ads filling in breaks in network programming still used today Overpromising making the products look better than they actually are making it too good side by side approach instead of an argument style approach advertisers on one side and consumer on the other it shows both as a team one coach working against a problem at hand Reason why approach lists of reasons why you should use a product Salesman comes to the door and attempt to tell you about the factual and emotional reasons you should buy this product Reason why approach evolves takes on a more personal style Movement from detached tone of voice and product orientation to a more persontoperson illustrated copy Ether advertising selling time to private groups Early Ether advertising worthy to be advertised worth it specific shows created for appropriate product promotion in it brand name repetition sponsored minimusicals celebrity testimonials AmosnAndy first hit show white men mimicking African Americans voices Iconic sign a sign that structurally resembles the object for which it stands Iconic sign example diagrams maps photographs YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE FTVMS 110 Terms 79 terms COM 231 Integrated Marketing Communication Exam 1 APRD test 1 review 88 terms Adv150 Test 3 UIUC OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 240 terms EESA10 FINAL 350 terms EESA10 77 terms POLB90 85 terms

B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Regulation of blood glucose levels FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month What is the only organ that can metabolize free glycerol CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT liver CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 71 Terms in this set 71 What is the only organ that can metabolize free glycerol liver How does insulin influence glucose uptake activates How does insulin influence glycolysis activates glycolysis How does insulin influence gluconeogenesis inhibits gluconeogenesis How does insulin influence protein synthesis activates protein synthesis How does insulin influence glycogenolysis inhibits glycogenolysis Insulin suppresses glycogenolysis in what type of tissue muscle tissue Insulin suppresses gluconeogenesis in which tissue liver tissue Epinephrine stimulates glycogenolysis in what type of tissue muscle tissue Is hepatic GLUT2 insulin independent or dependent insulinindependent What type of tissues take up glucose in response to insulin extrahepatic tissue Describe the Km for glucose of GLUT2 high Km for glucose Which cells of the pancreas monitor blood glucose levels betacells What plasma amino acid stimulates insulin secretion arginine What GI hormone causes rise in insulin in the portal vein secretin In one word how can one describe the pulsalite fashion of insulin secretion biphasic How is insulin biphasic in secretion acute rapid phase preformed insulin less intense phase newly synthesized insulin Insulin acts on 3 main target tissues Name them and their associated transporters liver GLUT 2 muscle GLUT 4 adipose GLUT 4 Insulin inhibits which 2 hepatic processes hepatic gluconeogenesis hepatic glycogenolysis Name 2 liver processes activated by insulin hepatic glycogenesis lipogenesis How does insulin affect hepatic and muscle uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis increase What transporter is used in glucose uptake in muscle GLUT 4 What 4 hepatic processes are stimulated by insulin glycolysis glycogen synthesis lipogenesis VLDL production indirect How does insulin affect hepatic lipolysis suppresses hepatic lipolysis What 3 muscle processes are stimulated by insulin glucose uptake glycogen synthesis protein synthesis increase amino acid uptake What adipose tissue processes are promoted by insulin TAG synthesis NEFA glycerol3 phosphate How does insulin stimulate liver glycolysis 2 PFK1 stimulated by fructose 26bisphosphate pyruvate kinase is active in the dephosphorylated state How does insulin inhibit liver gluconeogenesis 2 fructose 16bisphosphatase inactivated by fructose 26bisphosphate low activity of PEP carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase How does insulin stimulate liver glycogenesis glycogen synthase active in deP state How does insulin inhibit liver glycogenolysis glycogen phosphorylase inactive in deP state Name 4 actions that insulin has on peripheral tissues stimulate glucose uptake via GLUT 4 stimulates glycolysis stimulates glycogen synthesis in muscle in adipose tissue increases formation of glycerol phosphate to facilitate TAG formation Name 3 factors that activate gluconeogenesis decreased fructose 26bisphosphate in liver increased flux of amino acids and glycerol that are precursors of gluconeogenesis induction of key enzymes of gluconeogenesis PEPCK pyruvate carboxylase fructose 16bisphosphatase glucose6phosphatase Name 2 factors that activate glucagon synthesis epinephrine amino acids Name 1 factor that inhibits glucagon synthesis glucose How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels increase because of increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis How does glucagon affect protein metabolism enhanced amino acid uptake by liver providing carbon skeleton for gluconeogenesis After 20 hours of fasting what process solely maintains blood glucose levels gluconeogenesis What molecules provide the major source of carbon atoms for gluconeogenesis amino acids Name the 3 sources of glucose throughout a 24 hour fasting period residual dietary glucose hepatic glycogen hepatic gluconeogenesis What process provides the energy for gluconeogenesis breakdown of TAG What is the major fuel for most tissues after prolonged fasting NEFAs What is the main substrate for gluconeogenesis during the fasted state muscle protein What is the first source of glucose during the fasted state hepatic glycogenolysis Which 2 amino acids provide the prime source of substrate for gluconeogenesis during the early stage of fastingstarvation alanine glutamine What process maintains blood glucose levels in the initial hours of fasting glycogenolysis How does the body adapt to sparing of muscle protein in starvation switch from using glucose to using fatty acids andor ketone bodies What blood concentration of glucose suggests diabetes 125 mgdL after 12h fasting How is an oral glucose tolerance test administered patient given oral dose of glucose after an eight hour fast 2 hour plasma glucose is determined What type of test is administered to borderline diabetic patients oral glucose tolerance test Name 3 harmful effects of hyperglycemia osmotic effect protein glycation sorbitol formation What is meant by protein glycation proteins become attached with sugars What is the danger of hyperglycemic osmotic effects dehydrated brain cells lead to coma Give 2 proteins that are susceptible to protein glycation LDLs collagen Are muscle and adipose insulindependent yes How does hyperglycemia affect sorbitol dehydrogenase low activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase What is the effect of excess sorbitol osmotic effects swelling How can excess sorbitol production affect the lens of the eye swelling involved in cataract formation How does hypoglycemia lead to unconsciousness coma brain damage and death deprives the brain of glucose What is neuroglycopenia depriving the brain of glucose What causes GSD Type 1a glucose 6phosphatase deficiency in liver intestinal mucosa and kidney What are 2 symptoms of von Gierkes disease hypoglycemia hepatomegaly Is ethanol ketogenic or glucogenic ketogenic How does alcohol affect the NADHNAD balance leads to insufficient NAD How does alcohol consumption affect gluconeogenesis inhibits gluconeogenesis insufficient pyruvate Why does alcohol consumption result in hepatic steatosis and VLDL production high NADHNAD ratio inhibits betaoxidation of fatty acids Describe how alcohol consumption affects the TCA cycle and pyruvate formation What are 3 consequences of deranged liver hypoglycemia depleted pyruvate OAA lactatacidemia alcoholinduced ketoacidemia For prolonged exercise what is the prime energy source fatty acid oxidation What causes hereditary fructose intolerance deficiency in hepatic enzyme aldolase B What reaction is catalyzed by aldolase B fructose 1P aldolase B glyceraldehyde dihydroxyacetone phosphate What happens to blood sugar levels in HFI hypoglycemia

O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


bad boy a memoir study guide FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Devastated CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT How does Walter react when the Dodgers do not win the pennant CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 43 Terms in this set 43 Devastated How does Walter react when the Dodgers do not win the pennant The white man wont give you anything The black man has nothing to give you If you want something get it for yourself What is Walters fathers advice about race Marriage brokerage helps immigrants find spouses What job does Walters Aunt Nancy now have because of his speech problem Why did someone once tell Walter he couldnt be a lawyer his family has no money for shoes or sweats Why doesnt Walter join the schools track team his boss demotes him and gives his job to a white boy Why does Walter quit working at the Garment Factory wraps logs and puts postages on packages of jewelry What does Walter do at L Einstein Co his mother spends the money he was saving on the lottery Why cant Walter buy the typewriter he wants his father Who gives Walter a used typewriter he types excuses on his typewriter and signs his mothers name How does Walter respond to the notes his school sends home Compares translations of books goes to the movies looks out at the Hudson River writes poetry How does Walter occupy his time when he skips school Wilt Chamberlain What famous basketball player does Walter find himself playing against in the coaches tournament at City College he fight the gang that is attacking Frank How does Walter meet Frank the church What is the center of Walters community Langston Hughes Whom does Walter see being interviewed on Seventh Avenue Actualize his values inspire love and a sense of justice gain a loyal group of admires Describe what Walter hope to accomplish through his poetry 3 weeks When he reenters school in September how long does Walters resolve to succeed last English class What draws Walter back to his school on 15th street stories with secret meanings for people like himself regardless of their color class During the fall of 1953 what kinds of stories does Walter want to write so he can read balzsaks writing in its original language Why does Walter want to learn French never stop writing What does Walters English teacher tell him in the guidance office mother convinces the school that scarlet fever left him a disturbed child Why isnt Walter punished for missing so many days of school he will eligible to be placed in a juvenile facility What will happen if he continues to miss school he murdered 4 people Why did Frank spend so much time of his youth in mental facilities delivering mysterious packages which likely contain drugs What does Franks new job entail Dr Holiday What is the name of the psychiatrist Walter must visit literature and phislosophy What does Walter say are his sole interests because he scored high on his IQ test Why does he think of himself as disturbed rather than rebellious Do you like being black What unexpected question does Dr Holiday ask him his father community and school From where does a Walter get his ideas about career and maleness love and survival What does he consider to be the binding forces in his Harlem home she is afraid him How does Walters mother feel about Frank If he died as a hero fighting for a noble cause at least he would have done something Why does Walter think dying in a battle might not be a bad thing A book he had written What does Walter give his father in the veterans hospital the guy he is suppose to meet jumps him What happens to Frank in the subway bathroom his mother is upset for days and asks him if he is in any trouble Why does Walter think that Dr Holiday has been talking to his mother Philodelphia Where does Frank to go to avoid any further threats to his safety a New Testament he had carried in the Navy What does his father give him on the day Walter leaves for the Army writing Myers says that reading led him to ideas which led him to what a factory a mail room a post office and a construction site Where does Walter work after his discharge from the army immortality What does Walter believe sending out his poems may promise Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin What story about the black urban experience deeply impacts Myers Being respected as a person and as a writer being around people who love books and language What does Myers love about his life now

B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Chapter 7 Restricted Cash and Compensating Balances FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month a noncurrent asset such as investments and funds or other assets CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT Cash that is restricted in some way and not available for current use is usually reported as what CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 8

O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


chapter 8 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Terms in this set 79 Aggregating prospective buyers into groups that have common needs and will respond similarly to a marketing action is referred to as market segmentation Market segmentation refers to aggregating prospective buyers into groups that have common needs and will respond similarly to a marketing action A basic test of the usefulness of the market segmentation process is whether it leads to tangible marketing actions that can increase sales and profitability Market segmentation involves aggregating prospective buyers into groups that __________ and will respond similarly to a marketing action have common needs Market segmentation involves aggregating prospective buyers into groups that have common needs and will respond similarly to a marketing action Market segmentation stresses __________ and relating them to specific marketing actions grouping people according to similar needs Market segments refer to the relatively homogenous groups of prospective buyers that result from the market segmentation process To be identified as a market segment members of the group must be similar in terms of their consumption behavior A marketing strategy that involves a firm using different marketing mix actions to help consumers perceive the product as being different and better than competing products is referred to as __________ product differentiation Product differentiation refers to a marketing strategy that involves a firm using different marketing mix actions to help consumers perceive the product as being different and better than competing products Apples iPhone has a feature known as Apple Pay that lets you use your phone to pay for credit purchases meaning you could leave your wallet at home This feature sets the smartphone apart from its competitors and is part of Apples strategy for product differentiation The process of segmenting a market and selecting specific segments as targets is the link between __________ and the organizations marketing program buyers or market needs The process of segmenting a market and selecting specific segments as targets is the link between the various buyers or market needs and the organizations marketing program A framework to relate the market segments of potential buyers to products offered or potential marketing actions by an organization is referred to as a __________ marketproduct grid A marketproduct grid refers to a framework used to relate the market segments of potential buyers to products offered or potential marketing actions by an organization A marketproduct grid is a framework to relate the __________ to products offered or potential marketing actions by an organization market segments of potential buyers Which of the following statements regarding when and how to segment markets is most accurate If a business firm goes to the trouble and expense of segmenting its markets it expects to increase its sales profits and return on investment All of the following are market segmentation strategies EXCEPT multiple products one segment When compared to a multiple products multiple market segments strategy a one product multiple market segment strategy creates greater savings in production costs One marketing action that can be taken to sell a single product or service to multiple market segments is to develop separate promotional campaigns Which of the following is a disadvantage of employing a multiple products multiple market segments strategy if NOT implemented well reduced quality and higher prices Tailoring products or services to the tastes of individual customers on a highvolume scale is referred to as mass customization ChoiceShirts is an online company that makes madetoorder Tshirts Its online customers can order their shirts using any downloaded photo inserted into 600 templates or even design a shirt from scratch This is an example of mass customization ChipNDough Cookie Company will let you select cookies and put a photo of yourself on the tin This is an example of mass customization Manufacturing a product only when there is an order from a customer is referred to as buildtoorder Organizational synergy is the increased customer value achieved through performing organizational functions more efficiently The increased customer value achieved through performing organizational functions like marketing or manufacturing more efficiently is referred to as __________ organizational synergy All of the following are examples of increased customer value from organizational synergy EXCEPT increased brand awareness When a new product or a new retail chain steals customers and sales from older existing ones of an organization it is referred to as cannibalization Cannibalization would mostly likely occur if General Mills launches Caramel Crunch Cheerios The purpose of the five key steps in segmenting and targeting markets is to link market needs of customers to the organizations marketing program The first step in segmenting and targeting markets that links customer needs to marketing actions is to group potential buyers into segments The second step in segmenting and targeting markets that link customer needs to marketing actions is to group products to be sold into categories The third step in segmenting and targeting markets that link customer needs to marketing actions is to __________ develop a marketproduct grid and estimate size of markets The fourth step in segmenting and targeting markets that link customer needs to marketing actions is to __________ select target markets The fifth step in segmenting and targeting markets that link customer needs to marketing actions is to __________ take marketing actions to reach target markets There are five steps involved in segmenting and targeting markets What should a marketer do after he or she has grouped products to be sold into categories develop a marketproduct grid and estimate size of markets Which of the following is a criterion used in forming market segments simplicity and costeffectiveness of assigning potential buyers to segments The best segmentation approach is the one that maximizes the opportunity for future profit and ROI Which of the following is NOT a reason to segment a market All the buyers in the entire market have similar wants and needs Selling a product to a different market segment usually requires a different marketing action that in turn means greater costs If increased revenues dont offset extra costs of this action a marketer should __________ combine segments Four general categories used to segment consumer markets are geographic segmentation demographic segmentation __________ and behavioral segmentation psychographic segmentation Segmentation based on where prospective customers live or work is referred to as geographic segmentation Region and city size are both variables used to employ __________ segmentation geographic Which of the following statements best illustrates geographic segmentation In China KFC sells a spicier chicken the farther away its restaurants are from the coastal areas Which of the following is a consumer demographic segmentation variable gender Segmentation based on what product features are important to different customers is known as behavioral segmentation Product features and usage rate are both variables used to employ __________ segmentation behavioral Behavioral segmentation may be based on product features and retail store type The quantity consumed or patronage store visits during a specific period is referred to as usage rate Usage rate refers to quantity consumed or patronage store visits during a specific period The market segmentation strategy known as frequency marketing focuses on usage rate The 8020 rule suggests that 80 percent of a firms sales are obtained from 20 percent of its customers Which of the following is a basis used to segment US organizational markets geographic Variables such as location the North American Industry Classification System NAICS code and number of employees are all examples of ways to segment an organizational market A marketproduct grid is a framework to relate the market segments of potential buyers to products offered or potential marketing actions by an organization A marketproduct grid is a framework to relate the __________ to products offered or potential marketing actions by an organization market segments of potential buyers Each cell of the complete marketproduct grid shows the __________ estimated market size One advantage of a marketproduct grid is that it can be used to determine which target market segments to select and which product groupings to offer All of the following are criterion used for selecting target market segments EXCEPT simplicity and cost of assigning potential buyers to segments Which of the following is a criterion used for selecting a target market market size When considering the quickservice restaurant competition it will be most important for Wendys to consider not only the offerings of Burger King McDonalds Five Guys Burgers and other hamburger chains but also the items for sale at gas stations and convenience stores In the early 1980s Apple Inc was often called Camp Runamok because there were no coherent product lines targeted at identifiable market segments In the Apple marketproduct grid shown above for its personal computer line the iMac is popular among all the segments Apple can target This allows Apple to enjoy __________ product synergies According to the Apple marketproduct grid above Apple would most likely get the LEAST product synergies from the Mac Pro and Mac Mini Two key types of synergies are __________ market and product synergies Marketing synergies often come at the expense of product synergies because a single customer segment will likely require a variety of products The place a product occupies in consumers minds on important attributes relative to competitive products is referred to as product positioning Product positioning refers to the place a product offering occupies in consumers minds on important attributes Changing the place an offering occupies in consumers minds relative to competitive products is referred to as product repositioning Product repositioning refers to changing the place an offering occupies in consumers minds relative to competitive products Positioning that involves competing directly with competitors on similar product attributes in the same target market is referred to as __________ headtohead positioning Headtohead positioning requires a product to compete with competitors on similar product attributes in the same market A positioning approach that involves seeking a less competitive smaller market niche in which to locate a brand is referred to as __________ differentiation positioning Differentiation positioning requires a product to seek a lesscompetitive smaller market niche in which to locate a brand A perceptual map refers to a means of displaying or graphing in two dimensions the location of products or brands in the minds of consumers to enable a manager to see how consumers perceive competing products or brands as well as its own product or brand A graph displaying consumers perceptions of product attributes in two dimensions is referred to as a perceptual map The axes on a perceptual map are two product attributes ranging from high to low on that attribute The segmentation strategy used by Prince Sports today is behavioral

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


ap enviro semester exam FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month top 3 countries with largest proven coal reserves CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT usa russia china in that order CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 62 Terms in this set 62 top 3 countries with largest proven coal reserves usa russia china in that order major source of energy for developed countries biomass what is a problem with abandoned coal mines acid mine drainage what is the equation for growth rate rate birthsdeathsimmigrationemigration what process converts light energy to chemical energy photosynthesis what process uses waste heat to produce electricity cogeneration ticks feeding on a deer is an example of parasitism starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites is an example of competition bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another is an example of mutualism moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest is an example of commensalism matter in motion has which type of energy kinetic energy when energy is transferred from one object to another as the result of a temperature difference it is called heat flow this states that an energy transformation occurs and results in increased disorder second law of thermodynamics this states that the amount of energy in an isolated system stays constant first law of thermodynamics this source produces longlived hazardous wastes nuclear fission this source is converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells sunlight this sources use is a direct cause of deforestation biomass this source is not renewable nuclear fission what is measured on a pH scale acidity this is caused by suspended particulates turbidity this is decreased by the breakdown of organic waste dissolved oxygen this is measured by the amount of ca and mg hardness this is an important precursor to acid rain sulfur dioxide this has a stronger affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen has carbon monoxide this has been implicated as the cause of as much as 15 of lung cancer diseases radon this is a flammable gas produced by landfills methane ozone in the stratosphere is important to organisms at earths surface because ozone molecules are very strong absorbers of ultraviolet rays reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include ALL 3 the soil in floodplains is usually fertile the terrain in floodplains tends to be flat and floodplains are close to rivers for transportation the NEPA of 1969 required an enviro impact statement all of the following are considered toxic metal pollutants EXCEPT potassium true ones were cadmium chromium lead and mercury which of the following actions would be the most effective in decreasing acid rain and acid deposition problems reducing use of fossil fuels in general which of the following is the best longterm method of preventing extinctions protecting the habitats of endangered species which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clearcut the concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase the rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point of the demographic transition model beginning of phase 3the industrial stage which of the following is most likely the primary cause of high death rates in phase 1 of the demographic transition model infant and child mortality which of the following best shows the process of evolution a population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide most data indicate that during the past 100 years mean global annual temperature has increased by 05 degrees celsius which of the following would most effectively slow the loss of arable land reducing urban development environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because the antarctic enviro is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbance that would accompany development fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following reduction in species diversity which of the following metals is considered an energy resource uranium the aurora borealis occurs in which of the following parts of the atmosphere thermosphere an active area encircling the pacific ocean is commonly known as the ring of fire what are the two most important features determining habitat temperature precipitation when gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide absorb the suns heat and warm the earth it is known as the greenhouse effect an area where there are cold waters low oxygen levels and bottomdwelling fish is the benthic zone what percent of earth is covered with water 75 which of the following describes water in an upwelling area cold and nutrient rich ozone in which layer blocks UV light from the sun stratosphere the layer where our daily weather is troposphere the vertical heating and cooling of air convection currents the movement of air between masses with different pressures wind the collection of all gases held to earth by gravity atmosphere when two species live in the same habitat and use the same resources what will most likely eventually occur one of the species will eventually die when organisms use different resources in the same habitat to avoid competition this is called resource partitioning what is true about the roles of both parasites and predators in an ecosystem they both eliminate the weak and sick species leaving the strong to reproduce what is the direction of the flow of energy in a food chain from prey to predator which elements cycle includes long term storage in rocks and short term storage in the atmosphere sulfur which of the following has the largest coal reserves china which of the following will result in accelerated eutrophication when introduced into streams lakes and bays phosphates the two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are photosynthesis and respiration el nino occurs where tropical east pacific YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 100 terms 1998 APES Exam 100 terms Practice Exam 2 57 terms AP Environmental Science 32 160 terms Exam 4 OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR adv3500 exam 1 flashcard test india old 35 terms islam THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 35 terms APES Achieving Energy Sustainability Vocabulary 88 terms RHS APES Study Guide

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Unit 36 Refrigeration Applied to Air Conditioning FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month conduction CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT Form of heat transfer where heat energy is directly transferred between molecules through molecular collisions or direct contact CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 50 Terms in this set 50 conduction Form of heat transfer where heat energy is directly transferred between molecules through molecular collisions or direct contact radiation Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles sensible heat Heat energy that brings about a change in temperature Occurs in Conduction and Convection lowers the air temperature latent heat Heat energy absorbed or rejected when a substance changes state and there is no change In temperature changes the water vapor in the air to condensate convection Heat transferred by the movement of fluidsliquids and gases evaporative cooler Device for cooling homes in dry climates that cools the incoming air by humidifying it The A coil is used for upflowdownflow horizontal flow applications it consists of two coils with their circuits side by side and spread apart by the bottom The Slant coil is a one piece coil mounted in the duct on an angle usually 60F or slant to give the coil more surface area The slant of the coil causes the condensate water to drain to the condensate pan located at the bottom of the slant The H coil is normally applied to horizontal applications although it can be adapted to vertical applications by using special drain pan configurations the drain is normally at the bottom the solar load on a structure is the load resulting from the heat from the suns radiation infiltrated air of the same drybulb temperature may vary from one part of the country to another because of the difference in humidity air blown into a structure through an evaporative cooler swamp cooler tends to ____ than the outside air be more humid in a package airconditioning system the evaporator will normally be located outside the house the fins of an evaporator coil are made of aluminum more than one evaporator coil circuit may be used when there would be excessive refrigerant pressure drop the cooling for modern reciprocating fully hermetic compressors used in air conditioning is controlled by or directly from the suction gas a compressor that has a stationary vane is the ____ compressor rotary high efficiency condensers have more surface area than standard condensers two types of expansion devices used in residential air conditioning are the thermostatic expansion valve and the fixedbore device the thermostatic expansion unit TXV does not allow the pressure to equalize during the off cycle unless specifically designed to do so the air leaving the air handler in a typical airconditioning system is approximately 55 degrees fahrenheit the supply air duct in an air conditioning system installed in an unconditioned space______does or does not need to be insulated does two names for the interconnecting piping in a split airconditioning system are suctioncool gas and liquid in the southwestern united states on a 90f day the condensing temperature for a standard airconditioning system would be approximately 120f 90 30120 a refrigerant blend replacing r22 in new residential and commercial airconditioning applications is R410A A refrigerant blend replacing R22 that can be used in a retrofit application R407C by the year _____ R22 can no longer be used in new air conditioning equipment 2010 the total production phase out for R22 will occur in 2020 a dirty condenser coil can lead to reduced efficiency increased head pressure a home owner plans to build a house out in Las Vegas Nevada in the middle of the desert It would be in hisher best interest to lower the solar load to locate most of the windows on the ________and________ sides of the house North south Under what conditions would a package airconditioning system need to be charged during compressor replacement after the suction line is cracked on a package air conditioning system which refrigerant lines must be field installed none on a split air conditioning system with a remote condensercondensing unit which refrigerant lines must be field installed liquid suction the air temperature of the air off an evaporative cooler is cooler than the entering air in reciprocating and scroll type motorcompressor assemblies the motor is cooled by ______ suction gas returning to the compressor in ROTARY type motorcompressor assemblies the motor is cooled by _______ discharge gas from the compressor The most popular material combination used in air conditioning evaporators and condensers is coppertube aluminum fin when exposed to salt air the material combination used in air conditioning evaporators and condensers may be____ copper tubecopper fin when an A coil is used in a horizontal application the coil is laid on its side and a special______ is required drainpan slant coils for downflow application are designed with a coil slant of _______degrees 60 degrees A compressor that uses a stationary vane rotating vane is the _________type Rotary Three types of expansion devices are used in residential air conditioning systems they are ______________ _____ TXVFixed boreOrifice There are two types of Attic Ventilation power and natural Three common evaporator designs used in air conditioning equipment The A coil The Slant coil The H Coil A field technician installed two side air discharge condensing units next to each other so that the discharge air of unit A feeds into the condensing unit B what is likely to happen Unit A will work fine while unit B will not reject heat as well on a multi directional air handler an air handler that can be mounted as a right flow left flow or up flow what must the installing technician remember to do before connecting install proper drip pan make sure air handler is mounted in the correct direction if a high efficiency condensing unit is manufactured with a onespeed condenser fan motorwhat is likely to happen if the system is operating during mild weather If the fan is high speed then the condensers would be too efficient in mild weather resulting in low head pressure starving the expansion device and resulting in less capacity what is the major ADVANTAGE a top air discharge condensing unit has over a side air discharge condensing unit The hot air and noise are discharged from the top of the unit into the air what is the major DISADVANTAGE of a top air discharge condenser over a side air discharge condenser the fan and the motor are at the top of the equipment and rainsnow and leaves can fall directly into the unit Heat leaks into the structure by Conduction infiltration and radiation

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Sociology Chapter 8 Vocab FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month deviance CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT behavior that violates significant social norms CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 19 Terms in this set 19 deviance behavior that violates significant social norms stigma a mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society social functions of deviance unifying the group clarifying norms diffusing tension identifying problems providing jobs culturaltransmission theory Views deviance as a learned behavior Deviant behavior is learned in much the same way that nondeviant behavior is learned through interaction with others In the case of deviant behavior however the interaction primarily is among individuals who are engaging in deviant acts differential association refers to the proportion of associations a person has with deviant versus nondeviant individuals If the majority of a persons interactions are with deviant individuals the person is likely to be socialized into patterns of deviant behavior structural strain theory functionalist perspective on deviance Robert K Merton views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values norms and strcture of society anomie the situation that arises when the norms of society are unlcear or are no longer applicable control theory Emile Durkheim turns to the social structure for an example of deviant behavior Deviance is seen as a natural occurrence and conformity as the result of social control labeling theory focuses on how individuals come to be labeled as deviant primary deviance nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority secondary deviance results in the individual being labeled as deviant and accepting the label as true crime any act that is labeled as such by those in authority is prohibited by law and is punishible by the government violent crime murder forcible rape robbery and aggravated assault crime against property burglary larceny motor cehicle theft and arson victimless crime crime such as prostitution gambling ilegal drug use and vagrancy that do not harm anyone but ther person committing the act white collar crime a crime that is committed by an individual or individuals of high social status int eh course of their professional lives crime syndicate largescale organization of professional criminals that control some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence plea bargaining the process of legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence recidivism repeated criminal behavior

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


PSY 1305 CH 8 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month memory CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 59 Terms in this set 59 memory The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information recall A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier as on a fillintheblank test recognition A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple choice test relearning A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again informationprocessing models Analogies that compare human memory to a computers operations encoding Get information into our brain The processing of information into the memory systemfor example by extracting meaning storage Retain information The retention of encoded information over time retrieval Get the information back out The process of getting information out of memory storage connectionism An informationprocessing model that views memories as products of interconnected neural networks Every time you learn something new your brains neural connections change forming and strengthening pathways that allow you to deal with your constantly changing environment sensory memory The immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system shortterm memory Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten longterm memory The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge skills and experiences Atkinson Shiffrin ________ and ________ proposed a three stage model in 1968 to explain our memoryforming process working memory A newer understanding of shortterm memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visualspatial information and of information retrieved from longterm memory central executive What Baddeley called the focused processing of auditory and visualspatial rehearsal Focuses attention and pulls information from longterm memory to help make sense of the new information explicit memory Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare Also known as declarative memory effortful processing Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort automatic processing Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of welllearned information such as word meanings implicit memory Retention independent of conscious recollection Also known as nondeclarative memory ionic memory A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second echoic memory A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds chunking Organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically mnemonics Memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices hierarchies When people develop expertise in an area they process information not only in chunks but also in ________ spacing effect The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better longterm retention than is achieved through massed study or practice testing effect Enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply reading information AKA retrieval practice effect to testenhanced learning effect shallow processing Encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words deep processing Encoding semantically based on the meaning of the words tends to yield the best retention selfreference effect Having good recall for information that you find meaningfully relates to yourself precise Our brain does NOT store information in _______ locations hippocampus A neural center located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage cerebellum A neural center in the hindbrain that processes implicit memories basal ganglia Deep brain structures involved in motor movement facilitate formation of our procedural memories for skills exriding a bike amygdala Part of the brain that deals with emotionrelated memory formation flashbulb memory A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event longterm potentiation LTP An increase in a cells firing potential after brief rapid stimulation Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory priming The activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory moodcongruent memory The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood serial position effect Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list anterograde amnesia An inability to form new memories retrograde amnesia An inability to retrieve information from ones past Ebbinghaus Poor durability of stored memories leads to their decay _________ showed this with his forgetting curve korsakoffs Causes anterograde and SEVERE retrograde amnesia Traumatic Brain Injury TBI Causes anterograde memory deficit posttraumatic amnesia plus retrograde amnesia infectionstroke Causes abrupt loss of anterograde memory dementia The gradual decline in anterograde memory proactive interference The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information retroactive interference The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information positive transfer When previously learned information facilitates our learning of new information repression In psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxietyarousing thoughts feelings and memories encoding failure Information never entered our memory system because we were not paying attention to it or the information was entered inaccurately storage decay Information fades from our memory retrieval failure We can not access stored information accurately sometimes due to interference or motivated forgetting reconsolidation Every time we reply a memory we replace the original with a slightly modified version misinformation effect Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event source amnesia Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced hear about read about or imagined This along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories AKA source misattribution deja vu That eerie sense that Ive experienced this before Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience etched The most common response to a traumatic experience is that the experience is ________ on the mind as a vivid memory retention Retrieval practice is a proven ______ strategy YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 53 terms AP Psych Ch 8 Memory 79 terms PSY 203H Ch 8 Memory 44 terms Psych Chapter 8 Memory 40 terms AP Psych Memory OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 57 terms BIO 3425 PreClass Study Chapter 1 221 terms PSC 2303 Final 154 terms 294 terms HED 3313 Final THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 52 terms PSY 1305 CH 0 Prologue 77 terms PSY 1305 CH 5 74 terms PSY 1305 CH 13 39 terms PSY 1305 CH 9

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O B I O O