Introduction Humble Beginnings Lessons Of Life The First Mentor The Little Business Man The Departure The Land Of Promise The Hardships A Click Away From His Destiny Self Improvement Climbing The Ladder Of Success A Heart Rending Sight THE PROTÉGÉ MEETS HIS MENTOR The Man Of Action Indispensable Risk Taker New Money Fishing In Troubled Waters A Promise is a Promise A Bridge to Success The Manufacturer The Ameliorator Life in the Big Apple The Strategist Love Knocks At The Door The Age of Steel The Survivor The Shrewd Businessman Kindness Underneath The Armor Lost His Anchor Wrong Move The Dirty Tricks Undisputed King The Homestead Strike The Clean Up Act End Note The Carnegie Legacy Look around you what do you see I see growth upward and onward While savoring the fruits of the 21 st century we more or less have disremembered or rather have been ignorant to acknowledge the sacrifices previous generations made for usfor you The following account will take you two centuries back to illustrate how an Entrepreneur built a nation As a reader you will be enlightened today by the life experience of one the richest Iron and Steel Tycoon the world has ever seen Andrew Carnegie The steel he made became the backbone of modern America This 19 th century industrial icon spent one good half of his life accumulating wealth and the other half distributing entirely through philanthropy His greed and never say die spirit made him a millionaire and his philanthropy earned him respect Andrew Carnegies story from rags to riches is worth reading if you seek to unshackle yourself from working class Tellurian life I am confident that after reading the life history of Andrew Carnegie you will no longer feel infuriated or blame your personal failure on your upbringing government system or your god Pessimists have remarked that throughout history entrepreneurs have earned their fortunes by bloodshed I could not agree more that the entrepreneurs have made it big by shedding bloodtheir own blood As a writer I feel it is my responsibility to enlighten you on this subject and in this process if I evoke and inspire you to be entrepreneurs then dont forget to send me a thank you note Perhaps the most tragic thing about mankind is that we are all dreaming about some magical garden over the horizon instead of enjoying the roses that are right outside today Andrew Carnegie was born in a shabby attic of a single room cottage in Dunfermline Scotland on 25 November 1835 Father William Carnegie was a humble linen weaver and sole breadwinner of the family Mother Margaret a woman of poise was the anchor of the family It was an era when hand woven linen Industry was at its peak Highly skilled weavers like William Carnegie were considered as expert artisans Wills handmade Linen was in demand and he owned five handlooms in his one storey cottage where Andrew would sit for hours admiring rhythmic sounds of shuttles and foot paddles There were days when the family slept without a meal Andrew however beamed like sunshine his optimistic nature and the quality to laugh even in troubled times helped him survive the gruesome hapless days Andrew Carnegie over the years cultivated this natural gift and made ducks appear as swans The poor but honest parents provided young Andrew the virtues of humility and wisdom and ingrained him with politeness and optimism Thine own reproach alone do fear was a philosophy he religiously followed throughout his illustrious life Andrew grew up in the environment where antimonarchy and aristocratic government prevailed Margaret who was emotionally stronger than her husband ensured her sons were bestowed with good morals and ethics If you want to be happy set a goal that commands your thoughts liberates your energy and inspires your hopes The Carnegies moved from Moodie Street to Rieds Park due to their impoverishment Though deprived of essentials Andy was showered with knowledge of politics and economics The art of public speaking drew his attention Andrew Carnegies father and uncle participated actively in debates and gave eloquent speeches on political subjects It helped Andrew to overcome his shyness and be vocal in his area of interest Andrewss real lesson in life began when his father under the crushing pressure of Industrialization had to sell off his five handlooms one by one When William went to flog the last web Margaret anxiously waited for him to know if he would bring home new work or the wretchedness of unemployment Andrews heart burnt when he saw his father begging for work To repair the finances and maintain clean collars of the family Margaret took up shoe mending jobs and opened a grocery store in her house She was determined to reinstate the lost pride comfort and respectability of At the Age of 12 he understood poverty and hunger up and close His parents could no longer afford his schooling The pertinacious requests from Headmaster Robert Martin aided Andy continue further Andrew often served his parents by doing household chores like fetching water from the well buying groceries that always made him late for school Andrew earned a nickname Martins Pet as his schoolmaster often pardoned his innocent mistakes After returning from school he helped his mother at the grocery store A mentor teaches valuable lessons which no amount of books can provide Andrew Carnegies very first mentor was his uncleGeorge Lauder husband of Margarets younger sister Andrew Carnegies maternal Uncle George Lauder owned a shop at High Street home to aristocrat shopkeepers and businessmen Andy highly cherished spending time with his cousin George Jr as they learned a great deal of history of Scotland and Britain from Uncle Lauder in an interactional manner So proud was Andrew of his rich Scottish heritage that he took pains reciting old folklore and poems of bravery and patriotism His mentor ensured that the boys learned and understood the values and wisdom which came along with the literature Lauder urged the young boys to give speeches and perform skits which To encourage the blighters in memorizing phrases quotes and Psalms the uncle rewarded them with a penny Andrew made it a habit of reciting quotes and psalms while walking towards school The Carnegies were never orthodox Christians as a matter of fact William had objections to catechism and Calvinism William believed in God but he never forced his wife and children to visit churches or recite Psalms There is little success where there is little laughter You do not have to be technically perceptive or mechanically brilliant to run a business or industry An entrepreneur needs to know how to handle only one complicated machine man Wonderful parents that the Carnegies were they often gifted their children rabbits and pigeons as pets Thrilled by his own private menagerie Andrew soon realized that feeding these animals was becoming troublesome The businessman within him rose to this opportunity and created a pact with his friends He offered to name his pets in the name of the kids who brought fodder for the animals every day The marketing strategy was spot on he never had to part away from his pets while other kids were satisfied that the animals were named after them Here he learned lifes most valuable Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results Despite his successful venture Andrew was always torn between the ideologies of his father and mother William believed in democracy and the rights of people Margaret on the other hand was materialistic and was determined to better her status She dreamed of living and owning a shop at high street rubbing shoulders with the rich and the famous You struggle hard go down on your knees and perish and the world will soon forget you No matter how hard Margaret tried the family could not relocate from Queer Street The business subsequently suffered as the location was unfavorable from the customers point of view As a consequence a decision was arrived at they were migrating to the land of promise America As a child Andrew was fascinated looking at the map of America where his maternal aunt and uncle had moved to a little earlier The grandeur of republican system of governance and the promised liberty in America attracted many Europeans to the land of promise Margaret arranged for an auction of her cottage and furniture Sadly the proceeds of the sale were disappointing They were still short of 20 pounds for the entry and passage to America Margaret took a loan from her neighbor Mrs Henderson On 17 May 1848 William now aged 43 and Margaret 33 with their sons Andrew and Tom left Dunfermline dejected It was a tearful departure as Andy looked out of the window of his carriage to see the Abbey Church slowly disappear in the distance For the next 14 years Andrew constantly asked himself if he would ever see Pittsburgh entered the core of my heart when I was a boy and can not be torn out United States of America then was still a land of promise It welcomed you with open arms if you believed in the spirit of liberty and hard work In 1848 more than 190000 left Britain for America in the hope of a bright future After an agonizing voyage that lasted 7 weeks the Carnegies arrived in New York with a heavy heart The family was bewildered with the hustle and bustle of the city They moved into Mr Mrs Sloanes home for a couple of days and continued their Journey to Cleveland by boat which lasted 3 weeks as there was no railroad The onward journey was by wagons which ended in Pittsburgh more specifically Allegheny City Fortunately the family got a shelter in a friends vacant apartment in Slab Town where filth stench poverty and despair greeted them Shortly after William set up When fate hands us a lemon lets try to make lemonade Andrew while leaving the shores of Scotland pledged silently to heal the wounds of his fathers defeat He was unaware that his acid test was lurking round the corner Margaret was always very protective as she was proud the idea of her son selling knickknacks on the wharves enraged her She did not want Andrew to hang out with the shady seamen who were loose of character With the passage of time his father realized he no longer would be able to run his business and hence joined a cotton mill factory A little later Andrew joined the same factory working as Bobbinboy for 1 and 22 cents a week He woke up early in the morning before sunrise and worked until late night Despite the sheer drudgery the optimistic Andrew was overjoyed that he was making a small contribution to the family Andrew Carnegie confessed years later when he had amassed huge wealth that he did not feel as satisfied as he did when he had earned his first salary Later Andrew worked in another factory where he operated a small steam engine and fired up the boilers 12 hours a day for meager wage of 2 per week The heat and the working conditions often gave him nightmares as the risk of bursting boilers and fire were rampant real dangers However like a true Scotsman Andrew was determined and never gave up His minimal education gave him an opportunity to work in the office as a clerk where he wrote letters and prepared bills for his boss Still short of bookkeeping skills Andrew ascribed to a night school in There will be times when your patience will dry up and frustration will crawl in but the one who holds his ground emerges victorious In 1850 Andrew now 15 secured a position of a messenger boy in a Telegraph Office From a steam boiler heat to the comfort of an office filled with pencils books and newspaper was a welcome change and seemed a paradise Privy to information of companies reputation and their credit ratings Andrew learned about commerce politics and business communication On his message delivery trips Andrew memorized every street in downtown Pittsburgh He would never forget the faces and the names of the businessmen he met every day Andrew made it a habit of greeting people of stature in the street Those days in the office saw Andrew also wiping floors without griping on alternate days with his friends David McCargo and Robert Piteairn Together they delivered messages on Eastern Telegraph Line in Pittsburgh The young boys loved to deliver messages to Bakery owners and shop vendors who would sometimes treat them with hot cakes and apples for prompt deliveries No man becomes rich unless he enriches others Working late till midnight left Andrew no time for selfimprovement He was still alien to the vast knowledge the world had to offer Thanks to Colonel James Anderson an open library was established where working boys could borrow books on Saturday and return it for a new one on the next Andrews close friend Tom Miller made a special arrangement for him to access books on every weekend Andy read those books mirthfully snatching time between his working hours He read a great deal of American history English essays and literature Knowledge was essential for his growth and Andrew Carnegie The rising green curtain at the theater fascinated 15 yearold Andrew Carnegie The grandeur of the stage and the floodlights enchanted him Apart from the theater Andrew rejuvenated himself by skating on the frozen lake or went boating with friends and relatives during summers You can not push anyone up the ladder unless he is willing to climb himself Within the first year Andrew Carnegie was handling managerial operations in the absence of his superiors Now earning 11 and 50 cents Andy maintained his habit of thrift His penurious quality often irked his friends who lavishly spent their monthly wages Andrew was well aware of his financial obligations and contributed to pay off the loan of 20 pounds which the family had initially taken while departing from Scotland The day the loan was repaid the Carnegies celebrated their triumph William was now free from the burden of debts Under tutelage of Colonel John P Glass His boss Andrew learnt The promotion gave Andrew Carnegie the motivation he needed he realized he was worth getting promoted Soon he started learning the telegraph with great zeal One day an urgent Death message had arrived but due to the absence of the telegraph operator Andy decoded the message accurately and delivered it quickly By the age of 17 Andrew had advanced as a fulltime telegraph operator with a 25 a month salary People who are unable to motivate themselves must be content with mediocrity no matter how impressive their other talents Every illustrious personality has one thing in common A Purpose An aimless wanderer is destined to rendezvous with failure One day Andrew saw his father on a boat deck returning from Ohio and Cincinnati selling tablecloth To save money his father travelled on a boat as a deck passenger all night instead of buying a ticket in a comfortable coach Andrew felt as if his heart was pierced when he saw his fathers sacrifice He was ashamed that he had forgotten the silent pledge he took to heal the wounds of his fathers failure He announced Well father it will be not long before mother and you shall ride in your carriage With tears in eyes William replied Andra I am proud of you It was Andrew Carnegies trigger point He vowed that his father the broken man and the victim of the industrial revolution would one day bask in the glory of wealth No man will make a great leader who wants to do it all himself or to get all the credit for doing it Thomas A Scott superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad frequented Pittsburg Telegraph office where Andrew was stationed as an operator In order to urgently communicate with his superiors Scott would sometimes turn up at the office late night when mostly Andrew would be working Scott admired Andrews efficiency and asked him to join his company as a clerk and telegraph operator 18yearold Andrew agreed and started earning 35 a month a staggering achievement His association with Scott gave him access to many influential as well as coarse people The railroad industry was relatively new and attracted hard core laborers who lacked Under his mentorship Scott watched his protégé progress rapidly Andrew Carnegie now handled more responsibilities than ever before One day to test his abilities Scott sent Andrew to Altoona city to collect monthly payrolls and checks for Pittsburgh executives and workers Andrew was perked up on the prospect of handling responsibility and a trip by train for the first time Once in Altoona Andrew met General Superintendent of Pennsylvania Railroad Mr Lombaert who instantaneously invited Andrew to his house for dinner Andrew was proud to be considered as Scotts Andy the right hand man of the Pittsburgh Superintendent It would Do your duty and a little more and the future will take care of itself A young man should undertake work beyond his sphere of duty as it attracts the attention of his superiors One day Andy arrived in the office and was informed that one of the companys trains had met with an accident The engine was derailed and it disrupted services on that route It was one of the worst train wrecks in the history of the Pennsylvania Railroad In absence of Thomas Scott a decision had to be made without wasting more time Andrew Carnegie gave orders to his workers under the signature of Thomas Scott The situation was soon under control When another train wreck hampered the transportation of the railroad Andrew Carnegie assuming authority took charge He ordered his men to burn down the wrecked wagon lying on the tracks Andrew Carnegies ideas though unconventional were highly effective The trick worked and the railway line was restored Such methods were never applied before but it now became the companys standard procedure in order to move things faster Immense power is acquired by assuring yourself in your secret reveries that you were born to control affairs The company was laying telegraph lines along the railway line and Andrew had a bigger role to play in the entire venture Scott and Andrew together built bigger coaches freight cars and longer trains to carry bigger loads and more passengers This helped bring down the cost drastically With the help of Andrew Pennsylvania Railroad provided 24 hours and 7 days a week telegraph and train service Soon the business flourished and Andrew Carnegie was indispensable 20yearold Andrew Carnegies reputation preceded wherever he went John Edgar Thomson the president of Pennsylvania Railroad thought very highly of Andrew Scott would give charge to Andrew in his absence and Andrew rose to the occasion and proved his worth Unfortunately in order to prove himself to his boss he often took harsh measures One day when a small mishap took place on the rail line Andrew quickly investigated and fired the culprits a bit harsh on his part which he soon realized Now with a raised salary of 40 Andrew bought a commodious house in Altoona but before the Whatever I engage in I must push inordinately Fortune favors the brave and cowardice has no place in business Once Scott informed Andrew of an investment opportunity of 500 Andrew had a savings of 50 only and could only invest 50 cents Margaret sensing a good opportunity mortgaged her home and Andrew invested in Adams Express He received 10 shares which paid a dividend of 10 in the very first month He proudly showed the envelope bearing his name Mr Andrew Carnegie Esquire to his friends In 1856 Thomas Scott was promoted as General Superintendent of Altoona and by natural succession Andrew now 21 became Superintendent of Pittsburg Andrew with his newly bestowed powers dealt with workers on strike effectively and used corporate espionage to contain the eventuality of unjustified strikes In order to cut costs the wages of workers were slashed brutally inspite of working 13 hours a day Expansion and innovations progressed during the same period The credit of sleeping coaches in Trains also goes to Andrew Carnegie who sold the novel idea to his mentor The company tied up with TT Woodruff a manufacturer of the Sleeping Car In this venture the manufacturer offered Andrew partnership Andrew took a loan of 217 for their first Money is no good if you are poor intellectually In 1859 Scott became Vice President of Pennsylvania Railroad and Andrew was appointed as the general superintendent of the Pittsburgh division with a whopping salary of 1500 a year He moved from Altoona to Pittsburgh among his old relatives and friends He appointed his younger brother Tom as his secretary The Carnegies moved into a new commodious house in Homewood Estate neighborhood of wealthy citizenry In social gatherings and jamboree Andrew hobnobbed with rich educated people He realized a huge gulf between him and his highly educated peers He polished himself Mostly dealing with uneducated labor who shamelessly mouthed cuss words and appeared shabbily Andrew found it less difficult while dining with the whos who of Pittsburgh He carried himself with panache and spoke charmingly In 1861 the civil war gave impetus to the Railroad business and other manufacturing units During this period American businesshouses made huge fortunes Washington summoned Thomas Scott and Andrew Carnegie to be in charge of the Unions transportation department The job included to set up manage and military railroad and telegraph systems The duo facilitated in organizing a working force for railway department Andrew personally put his life in danger to transport soldiers and military hardware to the war regions He also supervised the bushelling of tracks and telegraph lines Once while riding in the engine to bring back wounded soldiers to Washington Andrew saw a telegraph wire pinned down under stakes of wood He halted the train and started pulling out the wire which sprang up and cut his cheeks making him bleed profusely Andrew Carnegie laid new tracks and communication system for the Union government during which time he got an opportunity to meet President Lincoln Andrew Carnegie was impressed by Lincolns mannerisms and tact in handling people which he adopted wisely in the later years He dined with General Grant the civil war hero who discussed his After doing his bit in the Civil War Andrew returned to resume his duties at the Railroad Soon after he was down with illness and on doctors advice Andrew took a leave of absence from his office Andrew went to Scotland for convalescing with his mother and friend Tom Miller The Carnegies reached Dunfermline on June 28 1862 riding a carriage as promised by Andrew As the carriage moved towards High Street his mothers eyes were filled with tears of joy Even Andrew Carnegie was overwhelmed with joy after all home is home The reception of the Carnegies was more Returning after 14 years Andrew found everything in his old town Lilliputian the well the church the school and the playground He met his old relatives and friends but his eyes searched for his mentor Uncle Lauder who had not changed much His holidays were however cutshort as he again fell ill and decided to leave for America as Scottish traditional medicine was ineffective Mr Morgan buys his partners I grow my own During Civil War prices of Iron were as high as 130 per ton which during the prewar era was twice lower Post war new infrastructure projects were initiated to connect the United States of America The problem with wooden bridges was either they cracked or burned down in the scorching sun Pennsylvania Railroad once built a small iron bridge which stood the test of time successfully Iron was the answer Andrew realized the potential of iron bridges and started a business by forming an alliance with H J Linville John L Piper and Mr Schiffler The company was named Iron The company undertook a project building a 300m long bridge made of iron Where there is Innovation there is also speculations Some believed bigger iron bridge wont even stand its own weight some concluded a running train will derail or the bridge will fall underneath However the quartet made their detractors eat humble pie after their pioneering projects They even tried selling steel track to Railroads but due to inflation many Railroads rejected their ideas While other bridges collapsed or cracked due to wind pressures and structural problems the Keystones Bridges were the epitome of engineering excellence The company used It marks a big step in your development when you come to realize that other people can help you do a better job than you could do alone Andrew Carnegie formed Cyclops Mills in 1864 and three years later in 1867 the Union Iron Mills These factories were spread over 7 acres of land and manufactured Iron beams and other structural profiles which no one in the industry dared to dream He maintained his quality and retained his clients efficiently He believed in settling disputes without a lawsuit Andrew incorporated accounting system to control expenses and monitor profits and losses on daily basis The perceptive businessman controlled the waste and invested heavily in modern machinery ameliorating output Although he had too many irons in the fire Andrew continued working at the Railroad but ensured his interest in all the ventures was undisturbed Post civil war the madness for black gold oil led Andrew to buy an active oilfield in Storey Farm with an investment of 40000 The speculative oil business investment earned Andrew millions in return By the age of 30 Andrew earned 2400 a year He resigned from the Railroad Company after taking the blessings of the President Mr Thomson and his former mentor Scott Andrew Carnegie never worked for a salary again he no longer wageslave In 1865 Andrew founded the Keystone Bridge Company with the intention of building bridges from Iron rather than wood A couple of years later the Keystone Telegraph Company was founded which in a short while tripled the investors returns I shall argue that strong men conversely know when to compromise and that all principles can be compromised to serve a greater principle In 1867 Andrew visited Europe along with his friends Henry Phipps and JW Vandevort They travelled extensively and discovered newfangled methods of productions which could be implemented in America Passion of becoming master of his own fate made Andrew Carnegie to take huge risks He recruited his cousin Dod son of Uncle Lauder First Mentor in his firm where his mechanical engineering skills aided the plant immensely Lauder Jr curbed wastes of the company and skyrocketed the production through his ingenuity Dod was rewarded handsomely in the form of company shares Andrew established a coal washing factory and asked Lauder Jr to settle in Pittsburgh permanently He struck a 10year contract from leading coke producers of the time With the Railroad at his disposal for transferral at low tariff Andrew Carnegie flourished He erected 500 ovens which washed 1500 tons of coal every day With breathtaking innovations the company even produced coke from waste which a decade ago was thrown away as useless material The art of making something out of nothing made the company the first on the continent Carnegie upgraded his ironmanufacturing units but secretly desired to venture into In 1867 Andrew along with Tom and his mother shifted to New York The new bustling city was a fresh start for the family For Andrew Carnegie it was a strategic move as the city was the financial capital of America The family moved into the St Nicholas Hotel and Andrew opened his office on Broad Street Within a few months they moved to the Plush Windsor Hotel He socialized with affluent New Yorkers and was an active member of the 19 th century club He met many magnates intellects even foreign ministers from Russia and Germany The members at these gatherings discussed matters varying from Economy to Politics It gave Andy opportunity to learn about new subjects and study them in deep He gave speeches at the summits and was becoming a good rhetorician In 1868 33yearold Andy earned 50000 a year he was planning for an early retirement by 35 Until then he wanted to accumulate wealth and spend it on benevolent purposes He desired to settle in Oxford and get thorough education Andrew wanted to give special attention to public speaking and the improvement of the poor classes Nevertheless when Andrew read Herbert Spencers survival of the fittest theory it again sparked the urge to earn money like never before Think of yourself as on the threshold of unparalleled success A whole clear glorious life lies before you Achieve Achieve Andrew Carnegie repeated his childhood strategy when he was pitching for the major sleeping car project form the Pennsylvania Railroad Company His rival Mr Pullman an experienced contractor also bid for the same In a very bold move Andrew approached Pullman and convinced him to form a partnership When the latter asked what will the company be called Andrew promptly replied The Pullman Palace Car Company Andrew Carnegies partners seldom saw him boiling or stewing For them he was an ocean of optimism which never dried up The sunshine boy of Dunfermline always laughed at his troubles Andrew was well connected in his business circle He had developed a knack of raising money for sinking companies which later became his specialty On numerous occasions Andrew Carnegie was roped in by his partners and outsiders to formulate a Bailout Plan for the company One such company was Union Pacific which sold its rights to Pennsylvania Railroad for 600000 Post the Bailout plan Andrew Became Director of the The incident strained the relationship between Scott and his protégé Andrew Carnegie In 1870 one of Andrews friends introduced him to 21 year old Louise Whitfield who was the daughter of a wealthy merchant He began calling on their home and this continued for almost a decade He began courting her from 1880 onwards until he finally tied the knot in 1887 The way to become rich is to put all your eggs in one basket and then watch that basket Andrew was tempted to join the finance sector but his first love was manufacturing tangible commodities He got ample opportunities to become a part of many lucrative businesses but he stuck to his main business Iron From wrought iron to pig iron the company made different varieties With the rising demands of growing America Andrew built Lucy furnace in 1870 which produced 100 tons of steel per day The feat was an Industrial marvel The company adopted scientific methods for production and Andrew was always open for suggestions Innovation is the key for any business and for Andrew Carnegie it Andrew Carnegie could foresee that Iron Age was over and steel age was to begin By 1872 Andrew dedicated himself to manufacturing Bessemer Steel made from an innovative method The great depression of 1873 tested the friendship of Andrew Carnegie to Thomas Scott Scott had invested heavily in Texas Pacific Railway and lost his entire fortune He turned to his son like protégé for yeomans service Andrew Carnegie refused it flatly Andrew stuck to a solitary policy when it came to financial help Are you capable of taking or lending a loan Is taking risk for your friend worth it Scott died as a broken man in 1881 Andrew survived the financial crisis due to his money saving nature The companys policy was against extravagant spending or to invest in any other iron and steel company or companies in debt Mr Kloman one of the partners with Andrew Carnegie lost money in such a manner and was ousted It was the survival of the fittest In 1875 Andrew in flattering move formed Edgar Thomson Steel Co In the name of his former boss and President of Pennsylvania Railroad This move made Andrew the sole manufacturer for the railroads steel requirement E T Steel Cos first order was 2000 Steel rails for the Pennsylvania Railroad Acknowledging the opportunity in the Steel business Andrew built Union Iron and Steel Company The conglomerates Steel Rail Mill manufactured only railway equipment Andrew also supplied Iron and Steel for Keystone Bridge Company of which he held a major stake Always ready for the gauntlet Carnegie invested heavily in rival railroad companies and threatened the owner to lend him a bigger share or he would wipe them off from the industry Perspicacious Andrew examined his rivals financial statements and knew their costs and his No one could dare to compete with him in the steel business Although he was based If managers or work crew lagged behind they would be fired without prior notice The workers worked 12 hours a day and 7 days a week except on 4 th July The dehumanizing conditions often created conflict between workers unions and management The puddlers a worker who turns pig iron into wrought iron who in the preindustrialization era were considered as craftsmen were now facing the danger of being laid off The daunting machinery of the industrial revolution swallowed the jobs of these highly skilled labors as it did to William Carnegie decades ago The iron to steel age came at a human cost but Andrew Carnegie was unmoved as he could foresee the revolution and harnessed the technology Andrew Carnegie was considered audacious belligerent reckless and a shrewd businessman Many industry speculators and competitors considered him doomed to failure Only the near and dear ones knew about him He was considerate and patiently heard out his managers pleadings If certain ideas at the plant did not work out he would ask managers to uproot the installations and start all over again His innovative ideas enhanced the production resulting in high grade quality steel at an affordable price Above all it ended the countrys dependency on foreign manufacturers On numerous occasions Andrew Carnegie offered partnership to his key employees With his work obligations in order Andrew started dating Louise a bright polite daughter of a wealthy merchant of New York The couple rode together in New York Central Park and met often at club gatherings He wrote to her often when he went on a Roundtheworld trip in 1878 Andrew visited different countries and learnt about their religions In ChinaConfucius IndiaHinduism and Buddhism he even visited Bombay and met Parsis and learnt about Zoroaster Andrew Carnegie had achieved mental peace his mind after years of gruesome struggle was at rest The world tour from Calcutta to Melbourne and Singapore On his second trip to Scotland in 1881 Andrew Carnegie donated a library to Dunfermline and his mother laid the foundation He wanted Louise to accompany them in the jaunt but her mother never allowed it In 1886 Andrew suffered from Typhoid he was on a bed rest nextdoor his mother too was sick with pneumonia Unfortunately Andrews younger brother Tom too had taken to bed due to alcohol abuse and died in the October of 1886 Andrew was too weak to attend his funeral A month had just passed when Margaret his mother too left for the heavenly abode For the very first time Andrew shed tears he was a broken man lonely like as a street Arab His mother was the centre of his universe he had amassed huge wealth only to see mother ride in carriages and dress in best silk gowns But soon he recouped In 1888 Andrew Carnegie purchased a sick steel enterprise of Homestead at a handsome price Homestead was famous for making structural beams used in skyscrapers and armor plates for the Navy Ships However the workers were notoriously famous for indefinite strikes and mob justice which led its previous owners to sell off the company Within the first week Andrew realized he wanted a muscle to run this facility Obstreperous Henry Clay Frick was just right man for this position Andrew met Frick at New Yorks Windsor hotel and invited him for the dinner At the end of the dinner Andrew And while the law of competition may be sometimes hard for the individual it is best for the race because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department The Titans of the gilded age made fortunes by monopolizing their respected Industry like John D Rockefeller JP Morgan and Andrew Carnegie was no exception Their temerity made them the juggernaut in the annals of American business With Frick at his disposal to undertake dirty works Andrew led an assault on his competitors who sold better steel at cheap prices The giant company soon started feeling the pinch as one by one they lost key contracts from the railways Defying the spirit of Laissezfaire Frick would often intimidate his competitors to surrender their business or would bribe the foreman to call for strikes The next move which Andrew and Frick orchestrated is a classic example of business deception The company started writing letters to Railroads claiming the steel their company purchased from the competitors was dangerous as A man who acquires the ability to take full possession of his own mind may take possession of anything else to which he is justly entitled Frick single handedly had doubled Andrew Carnegies profit while working as his manager at Homestead and Chief Executive of his Steel Business With operations under the control Andrew channelized his efforts in buying companies and Iron mines He purchased shares of the Frick Coke Company and became its owner In the next 10 years the company grew three times its size Andrew invested nearly 20 million dollars which doubled by 1897 The result was an enormous growth The company was earning enormous profits but when shareholders demanded dividends Andrew refused as he reinvested the profits into the company He built Though Andrew Carnegie was flourishing it silently wrote the darkest chapter in American labor history Andrews ruthlessness in his dealing led to ethics taking a back seat Carnegies most profitable Edward Thomson Steel Factory came to a sudden halt when union workers demanded better salaries and working conditions Instead of bowing down to their requests Andrew ordered his managers to shut down operation Weeks later some representatives of the workers came to visit Carnegie in New York He welcomed his workers warmly took them around the city wined and dined them Never once did Carnegie ask them the purpose of As I grow older I pay less attention to what men say I just watch what they do Under the impression that strikes were a thing of the past Frick woke up to the news of his workers going on strike at his southwestern Pennsylvania coke factory He fired the workers and replaced them with nonspeaking European labors but soon they demanded better wages When Frick turned down their proposal the hostile labors burned down property in his factory Maddened Frick hired a private agency called Pinkertons who provided the security for the company The matters were resolved and the factory was back in business He crushed the worker unions at his company Fresh tensions now brew at the Homestead Mills in the recently upgraded facility with modernized furnaces and equipment Naturally the owners were obliged to downsize its workforce and slash the remainders salary It was in the year 1892 and the workers Union contract of 3 years was about to expire Frick saw an opportunity to do away with the union rats for good and denied renewals The workers were left unemployed Taking lessons from his coke mill devastation Frick built an 11 feet high wall around the companys property to keep it safe from the rioters The workers named it Do real and permanent good in this world It was the year 1894 the Ghost of Homestead still haunted Andrew Carnegie Media and public stated that Andrew Carnegie acted in a cowardly fashion some went further to state that he was a hypocrite as on one side he donated libraries and on the other he bled humble workers to death The situation could have been avoided if Andrew had dealt with the Homestead workers in his trademark fashion But as fate would have it the union was abolished and there was no workers Union for the next 45 years The homestead workers were forced out of their homes Andrew Carnegies Iron and Steel Company was big enough to sustain growth without Frick By 1900 the company produced more Iron and Steel than Great Britains entire industry Homestead was a major blow to Andrew Carnegie and until his last breath he denied his involvement in the incident To win back the confidence of his workers the standard working time was reduced from 12 hours to eight with weekends off He now treated the workers fairly provided them with savings account at 6 interest and cooperative stores so that the workers could buy cheap groceries for their family The man who dies rich dies disgraced At the age of 65 Andrew wanted to spend more time with wife and daughter Margaret He stopped accumulating and started systematic distribution In 1901 Andrew Carnegie with the help of trusted partner Charles Schwab sold the business to JP Morgan for 480 million becoming the worlds richest man Spending more than 350 million on his philanthropy he formed a Medical and Old age aid gave millions to maintain libraries music Hall and museums Andrew Carnegie formed a relief fund for Iron and steel workers He built technical colleges and Carnegie Institute of Washington and Pittsburgh The astronomy observatories were built for scientific breakthroughs He started Hero Fund in Germany England France Italy Belgium Holland Norway Sweden Switzerland and Denmark Millions were spent on pension fund for retired college professors He donated organs to churches In his remaining years Andrew Carnegie finished his autobiography and worked relentlessly towards disarmament and world peace On August 11 1919 the steel tycoon breathed his last at Lenox Massachusetts fighting bronchial pneumonia He did not die disgraced Aim for the highest The wealth distributed by the Carnegie foundation strengthened the future of America through education Over the years the Carnegie Institutions spread across the nation have produced many eminent scientists engineers and Nobel laureates The hardearned money provided shelter to homeless individuals and supper to the famished His riches brought smiles on the faces of those miserable and clothed the au naturel bodies His illustrious life is an example that one individual can bring in the change Chasing the riches and acquiring it will not be gratifying as using it for benevolent purposes Twenty first century Billionaires have realized the power of wealth and it is no surprise that many are ready to give away their entire fortunes for the upliftment of hapless souls We come and go empty handed the fortune you made wont be buried or cremated along with you Spend the money to spread the joy Next Biography ATTILA THE HUN Clovis I Aspasia

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

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the

James

A

Stover

Scholarship

Fund

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HERE

to

Register

Today

Last

year

the

event

was

sold

out

so

please

sign

up

and

buy

your

tickets

early

The

team

with

the

highest

of

registrations

for

the

Winter

Classic

by

January

ends

at

midnight

will

win

large

pizzas

of

their

choice

from

Joe

Pizza

for

a

team

pizza

party

For

more

information

please

contact

Matt

Heagney

Fundraising

Director

or

Sheila

Garilli

Event

Chairman

SYHA

extends

a

special

thanks

to

our

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sponsor

by

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January

March

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Step

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players

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the

season

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no

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for

players

age

and

younger

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Annual

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on

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below

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Congratulations

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Simsbury

teams

for

the

great

work

in

our

Annual

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Holiday

Tournament

A

very

special

thank

you

to

Kevin

Walsh

Sharon

Walsh

and

Sheila

Garilli

for

all

of

their

hard

work

and

effort

to

make

our

annual

event

such

a

huge

success

After

years

of

endless

contributions

Kevin

will

be

retiring

from

his

role

as

Tournament

Director

for

SYHA

We

cant

thank

Kevin

enough

for

the

months

of

work

he

puts

in

each

year

to

make

this

tournament

such

a

fun

event

for

all

of

our

players

and

visiting

teams

On

behalf

of

all

of

SYHA

thank

you

Kevin

Sharon

and

Sheila

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is

lucky

to

be

able

to

stay

home

for

the

holidays

and

enjoy

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great

hockey

tournament

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year

It

is

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countless

hours

of

dedication

given

by

ALL

of

our

Simsbury

parents

and

volunteers

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helps

make

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you

to

ALL

of

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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Real Estate Broker License Real Estate Brokerage Licensing Associate of Applied Science Degree Applicants for a broker license will need to have four years of experience as a licensed salesperson plus demonstrate practical competency by providing a detailed list of brokerage activities engaged in by the applicant during this same period Real Estate Licensing Certificate A minimum of 180 classroom hours of Real Estate instruction comprising of five mandatory courses is required to sit for the Texas Real Estate Sales Licensing Exam The Southern Association of Colleges Schools Commission on Colleges SACS does not permit ACC to accept transfer courses from noncollege credit institutions that are not accredited by SACS Program Map Students are encouraged to download and retain this Real Estate Program Map Students can use this fillable PDF form to track their progress by checking off completed courses by adding course notes when discussing with an academic advisor or when planning their class schedules Licensing Requirements and Costs Texas has only two real estate licenses a Broker License and a Sales License If you hold either license you can perform all real estate activities for which a license is required You must complete Qualifying Education where the courses and institution are certified by the Texas Real Estate Commission TREC Students are encouraged to consult with TREC for the lists of Qualifying Education Providers and Qualifying Continuing Education Providers ACC Real Estate College Credit Program is certified to offer Qualifying Education and here are the certification letters for those credit courses Texas House Bill HB 1508 For students in Real Estate courses who may have a criminal background please be advised that the background could keep you from being licensed by the State of Texas If you have a question about your background and licensure please speak with your faculty member or the department chair You also have the right to request a criminal history evaluation letter from the applicable licensing agency Careers Get Started Request Info Real Estate Info Real Estate is dynamic buying a house or property is one of the most significant financial events in a persons life It is such a complex process that most people typically seek help of real estate agents and brokers when selling or buying property If you are interested in working in real estate you should be mature highly motivated flexible organized and detail oriented

B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

real estate broker license
licensing requirements


Skin Cancer Centre MOHS Micrographic Surgery While a doctor referral to see Dr Richard J DeAngelis is not necessary he is most grateful to the many physicians in the tristate area that have entrusted so many patients over the past 25 years into his care He and his welltrained staff of the Skin Cancer Centre hope to continue to maintain that trust for many years to come In an effort to expand our demographic the Skin Cancer Centre based in Anderson South Carolina is now pleased to announce the opening of a satellite office in Powdersville South Carolina This office is conveniently located 1 mile off Interstate 85 and can be easily reached by exits 39 and 40 While our hope is to expand and grow the practice the primary focus on EARLY DETECTION and ADVANCED TREATMENT will remain the same Skin Cancer Centre Mission Statement To always look at any suspicious lesions of concern while carefully scanning highrisk areas of your head and neck When deemed necessary a routine screening of the entire body will be performed This thorough examination will always be aided by the utilization of a state of the art instrument known as a Dermatoscope When trained properly using such a specialized skin scope enhances ones ability to more accurately determine whether a skin lesion is benign or malignant As a result we at the Skin Cancer Centre strive to only remove that which is most necessary often times minimizing the need To utilize our inhouse tissue processing lab to quickly determine the results of a biopsy if required often times on the same day of your visit You should always expect communication that fully explains the results of that which was removed To clearly and promptly communicate to you in common language the most pertinent details regarding the risks benefits and alternatives of any recommended treatment To always endeavor to consider your interest and wellbeing our number one priority What One Should Expect From a Skin Cancer Doctor Competence and Trustworthiness goes without saying It always pays to get a consensus of opinion from individuals in your local community friends family members other physicians pharmacists or other health professionals before choosing a physician for any important health problem A solid reputation speaks volumes when considering going to such a doctor in whom you hopefully can and need to trust Why Were Different Our entire practice is devoted exclusively to skin cancer We offer the most comprehensive approach to the prevention detection and treatment of skin cancer utilizing the most technologically advanced diagnostic tools to aid in early diagnosis and in a family friendly environment Dermoscopy A dermatoscope as seen in use pictured to the right is a handheld device that aids significantly in the early detection of skin cancer Not only does it magnify the objects in view by ten but the special optics and LED lights also allow the examiner to see through the surface layers of the skin into the upper layers of the dermis It is within these layers of the skin where abnormalities can be appreciated that are unable to be seen with the unaided eye or even with a typical magnifying glass Why Early Detection is Critical As a forgone conclusion from the outset it is generally accepted and understood that the early detection of any type of cancer is always in a patients best interest With regards to skin cancer what are some reasons as to why many cancers are either left untreated or perhaps are not detected at an early stage of development We at Skin Cancer Centre will Care for you with the kindness compassion and respect you deserve Utilize the most advanced diagnostic tools and treatment methods available Employ sound judgment based upon proven scientific research Apply the expertise of over twenty years of practice Perform surgery only when necessary Contact Us 8009723751 8642318599 Email dsscskingmailcom Anderson Location 1409 N Fant Street Anderson SC 29621 8009723751 864 6263633 Email dsscskingmailcom New Location 107 Clair Dr Piedmont SC 29673

B I I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

skin cancer centre
mohs micrographic surgery


in

Objects

Superhero

costumes

Kents

Kryptonian

technology

Superman

suit

The

Superman

Suit

encased

in

the

Fortress

by

JorEl

So

much

better

in

Technicolor

Lois

Lane

Lazarus

The

Superman

Suit

is

an

outfit

worn

by

Clark

Kent

as

Superman

Contents

show

Generation

The

original

Superman

suit

was

given

to

Clark

by

his

adoptive

mother

Martha

Kent

The

outfit

consisted

of

an

unknown

material

It

brought

back

the

original

red

and

blue

colors

of

the

Blur

The

main

part

of

the

suit

was

a

blue

unitard

with

red

trunks

and

a

yellow

belt

Like

Clarks

earlier

last

two

Blur

suits

the

suit

sported

the

crest

of

the

House

of

El

on

the

chest

The

outfit

was

completed

with

a

large

red

cape

with

another

House

of

El

crest

in

yellow

on

the

back

and

red

boots

Generation

About

six

months

after

he

had

donned

the

original

Superman

suit

Clark

updated

his

look

with

a

new

suit

This

new

suit

got

rid

of

the

red

trunks

It

had

bluegray

bands

running

lengthwise

along

his

sides

from

under

the

arms

to

his

boots

It

had

a

red

belt

with

a

gold

buckle

The

belt

buckle

had

a

built

in

communication

device

for

Watchtower

and

has

a

holocomputer

It

kept

the

House

of

El

crest

of

on

back

but

it

was

now

in

dark

silhouette

rather

than

yellow

The

new

crest

on

his

chest

had

lead

built

into

it

to

Kryptonite

bullets

Speed

Force

Suit

Facing

the

threat

of

the

Black

Flash

Clark

was

issued

a

temporary

suit

by

Emil

Hamilton

Emil

took

the

concept

of

sending

Clark

into

the

sun

to

remove

his

irradiation

to

fashion

a

containment

suit

He

then

modified

the

suit

to

collect

speed

energy

so

Clark

could

be

able

to

use

it

to

constantly

move

fast

enough

to

confront

the

demon

This

costume

is

half

black

half

electricblue

covering

all

of

his

body

and

with

a

bright

House

of

El

emblem

on

the

chest

Green

Lantern

Suit

When

Clark

found

himself

drafted

into

the

Green

Lantern

Corps

his

Power

ring

issued

him

with

a

new

black

and

green

suit

The

suit

covered

all

of

his

body

except

from

his

face

underneath

the

energy

contracted

green

details

of

his

costume

which

included

bracelets

boots

and

the

emblem

of

House

of

El

instead

of

that

of

the

Green

Lanterns

on

his

chest

which

expanded

into

a

big

armor

covering

his

chest

neck

belly

and

shoulders

Generation

By

Clark

had

once

more

upgraded

his

suit

Little

is

known

about

this

outfit

However

it

saw

the

return

of

the

yellow

crest

on

the

cape

while

the

suit

itself

got

rid

of

the

bluegray

bands

Appearances

Season

Three

Hereafter

Season

Nine

Absolute

Justice

Part

Salvation

Season

Ten

Lazarus

Homecoming

Prophecy

Finale

Part

Season

Eleven

Guardian

Detective

Haunted

Effigy

Argo

Valkyrie

Olympus

Hollow

Smallville

Miniseries

Titans

Alien

Lantern

Chaos

Continuity

In

the

Comics

Supermans

suit

in

the

DC

Comics

relaunch

is

made

of

Kryptonian

armor

while

the

cape

is

made

from

the

blanket

from

his

ship

Over

the

years

since

his

introduction

Superman

has

had

several

versions

of

not

only

his

origins

and

history

but

also

the

creation

of

his

costume

In

some

versions

Clarks

uniform

was

normal

material

that

became

invulnerable

through

physical

contact

with

his

body

while

in

others

the

costumes

invulnerability

was

a

result

of

the

fabric

itself

being

from

Krypton

However

nearly

all

versions

have

had

Martha

Kent

acting

as

the

designer

behind

the

costume

either

by

her

own

imagination

or

through

inspiration

that

she

and

Clark

gained

from

his

Kryptonian

heritage

Most

recently

Clarks

origins

have

been

retold

in

Superman

Secret

Origin

by

Geoff

Johns

which

has

been

stated

as

the

definitive

origin

story

of

Superman

Secret

Origin

combines

various

aspects

of

Clarks

Silver

Age

origins

while

still

incorporating

various

twists

from

John

Byrnes

The

Man

of

Steel

miniseries

As

a

result

Clarks

costume

origins

have

also

be

retold

using

a

combination

of

each

different

era

including

certain

aspects

from

Mark

Waids

and

Superman

Birthright

When

Clark

decided

he

was

going

to

use

his

powers

to

help

humanity

Martha

creates

the

costume

using

the

material

from

the

red

yellow

and

blue

blankets

baby

KalEl

was

wrapped

in

when

she

and

Jonathan

found

him

Martha

does

this

because

she

realizes

that

ordinary

clothing

isnt

durable

enough

for

Clark

when

hes

out

there

saving

lives

by

using

his

abilities

Usually

his

clothes

get

ripped

shredded

stained

frozen

and

even

burned

in

the

process

The

reason

Martha

uses

the

material

from

the

blankets

to

form

the

suit

is

because

it

appears

to

share

the

same

invulnerability

properties

as

With

Marthas

amazing

sewing

skills

and

Clarks

heat

vision

to

heatweld

the

seams

together

the

suit

begins

to

take

shape

The

suit

consists

of

a

blue

costume

complemented

by

red

trunks

red

boots

and

a

long

flowing

red

cape

A

yellow

belt

encircles

the

waist

and

there

is

a

highly

stylized

insignia

of

the

family

crest

of

the

House

of

El

consisting

of

a

large

red

letter

S

inscribed

within

a

yellow

pentagon

shield

which

is

bordered

in

red

emblazoned

on

the

chest

The

back

of

the

cape

bears

the

House

of

El

insignia

except

that

this

one

consists

of

In

addition

to

making

Clarks

Superman

suit

when

Kara

arrives

on

Earth

and

decides

to

follow

in

the

footsteps

of

her

cousin

as

a

superhero

Martha

designed

a

Supergirl

costume

tailormade

for

her

as

well

Martha

also

designed

a

cape

specifically

for

Krypto

to

wear

around

his

dog

collar

with

the

traditional

yellow

pentagon

S

engraved

on

the

cape

She

also

made

it

possible

for

the

cape

to

be

hidden

beneath

the

collar

for

when

Krypto

wasnt

on

duty

as

the

Superdog

It

can

be

assumed

that

although

Superboy

Conner

Kent

no

longer

wears

a

tradition

uniform

instead

using

a

tshirt

and

jeans

Martha

is

responsible

for

creating

his

black

tshirts

with

the

Sshield

on

them

For

a

period

of

time

Clark

lost

his

normal

Kryptonian

abilities

and

instead

gained

electricitybased

powers

In

order

to

control

these

powers

and

to

keep

Clark

from

destroying

himself

as

a

result

Lex

Luthor

and

his

thenwife

the

Contessa

designed

a

fabric

that

would

contain

Supermans

thenuncontrollable

abilities

Dr

Emil

Hamilton

had

the

fabric

designed

into

a

blue

and

white

uniform

After

donning

the

costume

Clark

flew

to

the

Kent

Farm

where

he

showed

it

to

Martha

and

Jonathan

Martha

while

impressed

with

the

suit

felt

it

lacked

something

and

suggested

that

Clark

add

an

alternate

version

of

the

House

In

the

New

universe

Clark

once

again

didnt

begin

wearing

a

costume

until

early

adulthood

As

a

kid

he

only

wearing

his

cape

as

well

as

a

blue

tshirt

and

jeans

when

he

helps

people

in

secret

Becoming

Superman

before

his

powers

are

developed

to

the

point

of

flight

he

wears

a

cape

over

jeans

and

a

tshirt

with

his

emblem

which

he

wears

when

When

hes

working

for

the

man

on

the

street

doing

every

day

stuff

Superman

travels

to

the

ship

to

find

many

alien

bottled

cities

Kandor

included

The

alien

identifies

himself

as

a

being

from

Justice

League

the

suits

durability

comes

in

handy

and

likewise

symbolizes

his

family

his

heritage

Redesigned

Superman

uniform

for

Dcs

Rebirth

continuity

In

DCs

rebirth

reboot

continuity

The

Original

version

of

Superman

PreFlashpoint

has

returned

taken

up

the

reigns

after

the

death

of

New

KalEl

His

new

suit

is

a

mixture

of

the

classic

elements

with

an

incorporation

of

his

counterparts

design

the

suit

is

a

onepiece

outfit

that

is

cloth

fabric

instead

of

armored

The

red

trunks

are

gone

as

well

as

the

Red

boots

The

Cape

once

more

house

the

yellow

plated

House

of

El

insigna

upon

it

The

Belt

is

red

with

equipped

with

a

homing

beacon

and

twoway

communicator

device

Notes

As

an

homage

to

his

colors

of

red

and

blue

Clark

wore

a

new

costume

at

the

end

of

Shield

which

consists

of

a

blue

shirt

and

darkred

leather

jacket

with

an

embossed

House

of

El

emblem

all

shades

being

similar

to

the

Superman

Returns

suit

However

the

emblem

used

on

this

new

suit

seems

to

be

the

traditional

S

shield

not

the

sharp

modern

updated

version

used

since

This

whole

gesture

seems

to

be

a

nod

towards

Clark

moving

on

from

his

dark

times

after

Doomsday

and

Season

Nine

and

finally

coming

into

the

light

to

make

the

final

steps

to

fulfill

his

destiny

Lois

Lanes

view

of

Superman

In

the

finale

it

is

clearly

seen

that

the

Superman

suit

is

almost

like

the

traditional

suit

from

the

comics

that

features

the

classic

House

of

El

family

crest

emblem

in

yellow

embedded

into

the

cape

The

changes

to

the

Superman

costume

from

the

traditional

Superman

Returns

inspired

look

in

Finale

Part

to

a

look

similar

to

the

New

style

featured

in

the

current

DC

Comics

Superman

titles

are

explained

during

the

first

few

chapters

of

the

first

arc

Guardian

The

main

visual

changes

include

the

removal

of

the

suits

red

trunks

altering

the

yellow

belt

to

a

mostly

red

counterpart

where

only

the

round

buckle

remains

yellow

and

the

yellow

S

on

the

back

of

the

cape

now

tweaked

to

a

simple

black

outline

These

changes

do

cause

continuity

issues

with

the

red

trunks

and

yellow

belt

being

present

in

Clarks

vision

for

the

year

in

addition

to

the

yellow

S

on

his

cape

in

the

year

along

with

Jordan

Crosss

vision

of

KalEls

final

fate

thus

it

remains

to

be

seen

if

the

comics

will

either

Trivia

The

Superman

Shield

It

is

unknown

what

exactly

the

suit

is

made

of

In

the

comics

there

were

two

instances

One

where

the

suit

was

made

of

invulnerable

Kryptonian

fabric

from

the

sheets

Lara

LorVan

sent

with

Clark

and

one

where

it

was

made

of

an

Earthly

material

which

becomes

invulnerable

when

its

skintight

against

Clarks

skin

Clarks

costume

has

two

different

versions

of

the

S

shield

On

his

torso

is

the

Superman

Returns

S

shield

while

on

the

cape

is

the

classic

S

like

the

one

seen

on

his

Blur

jacket

The

suit

seen

in

Season

Ten

s

Lazarus

and

Finale

Part

is

the

Superman

costume

worn

by

Brandon

Routh

in

Superman

Returns

In

the

Smallville

universe

however

the

major

difference

is

that

the

suit

has

the

emblem

of

the

House

of

El

on

both

the

chest

and

the

cape

while

the

suit

seen

in

Superman

Returns

only

has

the

symbols

on

the

chest

and

the

belt

and

on

the

soles

of

the

boots

Although

Tom

Welling

is

seen

wearing

the

upper

half

of

the

Superman

suit

in

two

rear

shots

when

checking

on

Lois

in

Air

Force

One

and

the

climatic

shirtrip

by

the

final

reveal

of

the

shield

he

never

wore

the

entire

suit

Including

the

mentioned

shots

all

shots

of

Supermans

suit

are

CGI

The

only

exception

to

the

CGI

is

Toms

face

when

the

closeup

shots

of

Superman

are

done

Although

it

appears

different

on

screen

based

on

continuity

the

cape

was

the

one

given

to

Clark

by

Rachel

Davenport

The

confusion

about

the

cape

has

arisen

due

to

many

factors

when

the

suit

was

in

the

box

the

cape

was

bright

red

and

made

of

a

fabric

but

when

Jonathan

Kents

spirit

handed

the

suit

to

Clark

the

cape

was

different

maroon

leather

reminiscent

of

the

Returns

cape

most

likely

because

the

Returns

suit

is

fixed

the

way

it

is

and

can

not

be

altered

Nevertheless

despite

the

change

in

its

appearance

throughout

the

show

the

origin

of

the

cape

remains

Clark

Kent

in

Smallville

Family

Kents

Martha

Jonathan

House

of

El

JorEl

ai

clone

Lara

Kara

ZorEl

Conner

Kent

Relationships

Chloe

Pete

Oliver

Emil

John

Jones

Lex

destiny

Lionel

Brainiac

Jimmy

Tess

Davis

Zod

Romantic

interests

Chloe

Sullivan

Lana

Lang

Kyla

Willowbrook

Alicia

Baker

Lois

Lane

destiny

Work

Smallville

Torch

Justice

League

Daily

Planet

Details

Powers

loss

vulnerabilities

training

secret

attire

glasses

blood

fighting

style

Homes

Krypton

knowledge

Kent

Farm

house

cellar

barn

loft

truck

Fortress

Apartment

telescope

Other

Kal

KalEl

ship

Superman

suit

crest

aliases

destiny

vision

No

tights

no

flights

Neardeath

experiences

Episodes

References

Salvation

Categories

Objects

Superhero

costumes

Kents

Kryptonian

technology

O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Hitman How to Become One and why you probably shouldnt The Technical Manual What is a Hitman anyway Well if youve ever watched a movie with some guns in it youre almost sure to know what a hitman is already but well take a stab at explaining it to you anyway Just in case the most action filled movie youve ever seen was based on a Jane Austen novel A hitman or hitwomanbut for simplicity well just callem all hitman is a person who is hired to kill someone else by a third party also known as a contract killing Thats not too nice right from the start but well keep on truckin anyway Heres a couple of snippets from Wikipedia on the subject Hitmen are largely linked to the world of organized crime Hitmen are hired people who kill people for money Notable examples include Murder Inc Well That wasnt very informative was it No it wasnt So lets look at contract killings then maybe well have better luck with that Contract killing is a form of murder in which one party hires another party to kill a target individual or group of people It involves an illegal agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to kill the target in exchange for consideration monetary or otherwise The hiring party may be a single person a group of people a company or any other kind of organization The hired party may also be one person such as a hitman or a group of people or an organization Thats better So a hitman is a contract killer in case that went by you unnoticed But whats this Murder Inc you say Okay okay lets have a quick look at them as well before we move on Murder Inc or Murder Incorporated or the Brownsville Boys known in syndicate circles as The Combination was the name given by the press to organized crime groups in the 1920s through the 1940s that resulted in hundreds of murders on behalf of the American Mafia and Jewish Mafia groups who together formed the early organized crime groups in New York and elsewhere The name was a journalistic invention In his biography The Valachi Papers Mafia turncoat Joe Valachi insisted Murder Inc did not commit crimes for the Mafia Thats not really all that interesting to be frank The thing is Murder Inc was a long time ago and they got caught too Thats not good for a career criminal at all So how would one go about becoming a Hitman these days Weve asked ourselves this a few times over the years and others have asked it of us too without getting a decent answer Well try to rectify that here Becoming a Hitman The Whys and why nots Lets just point out right away that becoming a hitman is a bad idea Killing people is bad killing people for money is worse So there Herere the why and why nots The Money Cash is indeed king as they say and the money in contract killings is apparently at least potentially good No guarantees According to the FBI their undercover agents have had offers of sums ranging from 230 plus some Atari games to 200000 as a down payment So its potentially good Or you need an Atari to play your fee on Action and Adventure Surprisingly often crimes are committed with this as the main motivation Contract killings would probably be exciting for the right person but the right person is probably a psychopath and so would have trouble feeling that excitement anyway and so the point kind of disappears right there If youre not a psycho then you probably wont want to be a contract killer anyway Freedom Uhm okay Youll be a freelancer for sure and not really answer to any boss But to do what You wont pay taxes of course but youll always be on the run no matter if you see the blue lights pulsing in your rear view mirror or not Someones looking for you From Slate Magazine Reliable statistics on murderforhire fees are hard to come by since most successful contract killers presumably go unpunished and are careful not to leave a paper trail But fees can depend on a number of factors the difficulty of the hit the prominence of the target the financial standing of the employer and the financial needs of the hit man to name just a few So there you go a short howto in how to calculate your price for the hit or the kill or the contract Lets not kid ourselves Hitmen do exist and those who think theyre only a fabrication of Hollywood and popular writers are basically all wrong As long as there are people around and as long as we either use some kind of currency or there are things of value there will be hitmen Hell if we didnt have money or an equivalent people would kill for food Simple as that Now whether or not there are hitmen conglomerates like Murder Inc or competing such like they had in Mr Mrs Smith thats up for debate The concept is cool of course The fact that the hitmen exist begets the fact that you can become one as well Theres not much info on this however but a good place to start is actually with the FBI They handle 2009 figures 70 90 cases of attempted hirings for murder each year and going through those should teach you a little about what not to do at least Becoming a Hitman The Hows Resources online are scant when it comes to becoming a hitman Maybe not all that surprising were pretty sure that those who have made it in that business are far too busy keeping their heads under the radar and their silhouette off of ridges to write articles online That being said weve written about it before here and there are a few other exaples out there The best resource however seems to be the 1983 book Hit Man A Technical Manual for Independent Contractors The books origin is somewhat disputed and the prevailing opinion these days is that it was written by a bored housewife with a great imagination The book is actually in the public domain after the publisher was forced to give up the rights to it as a settlement in court Apparently someone had actually used the book as a manual for becoming a hitman The person in question wasnt smart enough to not get caught however Another set of books that have become a reference for both regular survivalists and hitmen in training is The Poor Mans James Bond which is also referred to in the Hit Man Okay Well go on with a little list Decide Its a pretty big decision to make after all Kill people not kill people Hmm Training Research Get in shape After all you cant make a getaway if youve got a bigol beerbelly hanging down in front Also do your research Youve started in the right place at least here dummy but you should read the whole Hit Man book the PMJB and other resources Building Contacts Building contacts means building your client base Referrals are important in this business since you cant exactly advertise your services in the local classifieds Or Craigs List Even though thats been known to happen So a final word and a small disclaimer Dont become a hitman Killing people for money is not fun We dont condone it or encourage it and all the info here is for educational purposes only Also youll get caught eventually Soyeah Leave a comment if you have questions

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O