Chapter 10 Solids and Liquids Phase Transitions Melting Boiling and Subliming David W Ball and Jessie A Key Learning Objectives Describe what happens during a phase change Calculate the energy change needed for a phase change Substances can change phaseoften because of a temperature change At low temperatures most substances are solid as the temperature increases they become liquid at higher temperatures still they become gaseous The process of a solid becoming a liquid is called melting an older term that you may see sometimes is fusion The opposite process a liquid becoming a solid is called solidification For any pure substance the temperature at which melting occursknown as the melting point is a characteristic of that substance It requires energy for a solid to melt into a liquid Every pure substance has a certain amount of energy it needs to change from a solid to a liquid This amount is called the enthalpy of fusion or heat of fusion of the substance represented as Δ H fus Some Δ H fus values are listed in Table 102 Enthalpies of Fusion for Various Substances it is assumed that these values are for the melting point of the substance Note that the unit of Δ H fus is kilojoules per mole so we need to know the quantity of material to know how much energy is involved The Δ H fus is always tabulated as a positive number However it can be used for both the melting and the solidification processes as long as you keep in mind that melting is always endothermic so Δ H will be positive while solidification is always exothermic so Δ H will be negative Table 102 Enthalpies of Fusion for Various Substances Substance Melting Point Δ H fus kJmol Water 0C 601 Aluminum 660C 107 Benzene 55C 995 Ethanol 1143C 502 Mercury 388C 229 Example 2 What is the energy change when 457 g of H 2 O melt at 0C Solution The Δ H fus of H 2 O is 601 kJmol However our quantity is given in units of grams not moles so the first step is to convert grams to moles using the molar mass of H 2 O which is 180 gmol Then we can use Δ H fus as a conversion factor Because the substance is melting the process is endothermic so the energy change will have a positive sign 457 g H 2 O 1 mol H 2 O180 g H 2 O 601 kJ 1 mol H 2 O 153 kJ Without a sign the number is assumed to be positive Test Yourself What is the energy change when 108 g of C 6 H 6 freeze at 55C Answer 138 kJ During melting energy goes exclusively to changing the phase of a substance it does not go into changing the temperature of a substance Hence melting is an isothermal process because a substance stays at the same temperature Only when all of a substance is melted does any additional energy go to changing its temperature What happens when a solid becomes a liquid In a solid individual particles are stuck in place because the intermolecular forces can not be overcome by the energy of the particles When more energy is supplied eg by raising the temperature there comes a point at which the particles have enough energy to move around but not enough energy to separate This is the liquid phase particles are still in contact but are able to move around each other This explains why liquids can assume the shape of their containers the particles move around and under the influence of gravity Figure 103 Liquids and Gravity Figure 103 Liquids and Gravity a A liquid fills the bottom of its container as it is drawn downward by gravity and the particles slide over each other b A liquid floats in a zero gravity environment The particles still slide over each other because they are in the liquid phase but now there is no gravity to pull them down Source Glass of Water by Derek Jensen is in the public domain Clayton Anderson zero g s in the public domain because it was solely created by NASA The phase change between a liquid and a gas has some similarities to the phase change between a solid and a liquid At a certain temperature the particles in a liquid have enough energy to become a gas The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling or vapourization while the process of a gas becoming a liquid is called condensation However unlike the solidliquid conversion process the liquidgas conversion process is noticeably affected by the surrounding pressure on the liquid because gases are strongly affected by pressure This means that the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas the boiling point can change with surrounding pressure Therefore we define the normal boiling point as the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas when the surrounding pressure is exactly 1 atm or 760 torr Unless otherwise specified it is assumed that a boiling point is for 1 atm of pressure Like the solidliquid phase change the liquidgas phase change involves energy The amount of energy required to convert a liquid to a gas is called the enthalpy of vapourization or heat of vapourization represented as Δ H vap Some Δ H vap values are listed in Table 103 Enthalpies of Vaporization for Various Substances it is assumed that these values are for the normal boiling point temperature of the substance which is also given in the table The unit for Δ H vap is also kilojoules per mole so we need to know the quantity of material to know how much energy is involved The Δ H vap is also always tabulated as a positive number It can be used for both the boiling and the condensation processes as long as you keep in mind that boiling is always endothermic so Δ H will be positive while condensation is always exothermic so Δ H will be negative Table 103 Enthalpies of Vaporization for Various Substances Substance Normal Boiling Point Δ H vap kJmol Water 100C 4068 Bromine 595C 154 Benzene 801C 308 Ethanol 783C 386 Mercury 357C 5923 Example 3 What is the energy change when 667 g of Br 2 g condense to a liquid at 595C Solution The Δ H vap of Br 2 is 154 kJmol Even though this is a condensation process we can still use the numerical value of Δ H vap as long as we realize that we must take energy out so the Δ H value will be negative To determine the magnitude of the energy change we must first convert the amount of Br 2 to moles Then we can use Δ H vap as a conversion factor 667 g Br 2 1 mol Br 2 1598 g Br 2 154 kJ1 mol Br 2 643 kJ Because the process is exothermic the actual value will be negative Δ H 643 kJ Test Yourself What is the energy change when 822 g of C 2 H 5 OHℓ boil at its normal boiling point of 783C Answer 689 kJ As with melting the energy in boiling goes exclusively to changing the phase of a substance it does not go into changing the temperature of a substance So boiling is also an isothermal process Only when all of a substance has boiled does any additional energy go to changing its temperature What happens when a liquid becomes a gas We have already established that a liquid is composed of particles in contact with each other When a liquid becomes a gas the particles separate from each other with each particle going its own way in space This is how gases tend to fill their containers Indeed in the gas phase most of the volume is empty space only about 11000th of the volume is actually taken up by matter Figure 104 Liquids and Gases It is this property of gases that explains why they can be compressed a fact that is considered in Chapter 6 Gases Figure 104 Liquids and Gases In a the particles are a liquid the particles are in contact but are also able to move around each other In b the particles are a gas and most of the volume is actually empty space The particles are not to scale in reality the dots representing the particles would be about 1100th the size as depicted Under some circumstances the solid phase can transition directly to the gas phase without going through a liquid phase and a gas can directly become a solid The solidtogas change is called sublimation while the reverse process is called deposition Sublimation is isothermal like the other phase changes There is a measurable energy change during sublimation this energy change is called the enthalpy of sublimation represented as Δ H sub The relationship between the Δ H sub and the other enthalpy changes is as follows Δ H sub Δ H fus Δ H vap As such Δ H sub is not always tabulated because it can be simply calculated from Δ H fus and Δ H vap There are several common examples of sublimation A wellknown productdry iceis actually solid CO 2 Dry ice is dry because it sublimes with the solid bypassing the liquid phase and going straight to the gas phase The sublimation occurs at temperature of 77C so it must be handled with caution If you have ever noticed that ice cubes in a freezer tend to get smaller over time it is because the solid water is very slowly subliming Freezer burn isnt actually a burn it occurs when certain foods such as meats slowly lose solid water content because of sublimation The food is still good but looks unappetizing Reducing the temperature of a freezer will slow Chemical equations can be used to represent a phase change In such cases it is crucial to use phase labels on the substances For example the chemical equation for the melting of ice to make liquid water is as follows H 2 Os H 2 Oℓ No chemical change is taking place however a physical change is taking place Heating Curves A plot of the temperature versus the amount of heat added is known as a heating curve Figure 105 These are commonly used to visually show the relationship between phase changes and enthalpy for a given substance Figure 105 Generic heating curve diagram 1 In Figure 105 the solid gains kinetic energy and consequently rises in temperature as heat is added At the melting point the heat added is used to break the attractive intermolecular forces of the solid instead of increasing kinetic energy and therefore the temperature remains constant After all the solid has melted once again the heat added goes to increasing the kinetic energy and temperature of the liquid molecules until the boiling point At the boiling point once again the heat added is used to break the attractive intermolecular forces instead of supplying kinetic energy and the temperature remains constant Key Takeaways Phase changes can occur between any two phases of matter All phase changes occur with a simultaneous change in energy All phase changes are isothermal Exercises What is the difference between melting and solidification What is the difference between boiling and condensation Describe the molecular changes when a solid becomes a liquid Describe the molecular changes when a liquid becomes a gas What is the energy change when 780 g of Hg melt at 388C What is the energy change when 308 g of Al solidify at 660C What is the energy change when 111 g of Br 2 boil at 595C What is the energy change when 986 g of H 2 O condense at 100C Each of the following statements is incorrect Rewrite them so they are correct a Temperature changes during a phase change b The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called sublimation 10 Each of the following statements is incorrect Rewrite them so they are correct a The volume of a gas contains only about 10 matter with the rest being empty space b Δ H sub is equal to Δ H vap 11 Write the chemical equation for the melting of elemental sodium 12 Write the chemical equation for the solidification of benzene C 6 H 6 13 Write the chemical equation for the sublimation of CO 2 14 Write the chemical equation for the boiling of propanol C 3 H 7 OH What is the Δ H sub of H 2 O Hint see Table 102 Enthalpies of Fusion for Various Substances and Table 103 Enthalpies of Vaporization for Various Substances The Δ H sub of I 2 is 6046 kJmol while its Δ H vap is 4171 kJmol What is the Δ H fus of I 2 Answers 1 Melting is the phase change from a solid to a liquid whereas solidification is the phase change from a liquid to a solid 3 The molecules have enough energy to move about each other but not enough to completely separate from each other 5 890 J 7 107 kJ 9 a Temperature does not change during a phase change b The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling the process of a solid becoming a gas is called sublimation 11 Nas Naℓ 13 CO 2 s CO 2 g 15 4669 kJmol Courtesy UC Davis ChemwikiCCBYNCSA30

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Different Branches of Law Each branch of law deals with a separate attribute of the field and has a set of specialists and advisors For a layman it is important to understand that there are many lawyers each catering to a particular branch In fact it is one of the most important things one should know before approaching a prospective lawyer for help to solve a problem or legal issue Branches of Law There are more than 20 branches of law that you should familiarize yourself with Each of these has their own policies and nuances Civil law Any dispute that is related to contractual agreements can be classified under civil law In other words any dispute that does not involve criminal charges falls under this category Criminal law Any dispute that concerns a crime committed against public authority or other citizens falls under it Along with civil law this is one of the broad classifications under which an offense can be placed Murder theft driving under the influence and other such violations fall under it Cases of criminal law are handled by a criminal lawyer Property law Ownership and disputes regarding property ownership is dealt with the property law statutes It is important to understand the difference between movable and immovable property here Movable property is ones personal possessions while immovable refers to real estate and land This branch deals with the issues regarding immovable property Income tax law This branch deals with the income tax and other taxrelated disputes between individuals or companies and the Federal government These require a great deal of expertise to be adhered to and there are many specialists who provide this expertise Labor law This one deals with the terms and conditions and disputes regarding employment of labor This is a set of rulings and regulations that govern the relationship and terms between an employer and employee Though this falls under civil category it is vast in nature Minor law A minor is a person who is below 18 years of age There are several rules and regulations set in place for the protection of minors Exploiting a minor is a grave offense There are many platforms from which disputes can occur Most cases involving minors are property issues Environment law This is a set of treaties agreements rules and statutes that aim to protect the environment Anyone who offends these laws is subject to judgment through the system that is set in place Due to its general nature this one does not fall under the criminal category It is one of the more generic types but requires highly specialized lawyers Administration law This is a body that deals with the activities and governing capacities of the administrative bodies of the government These bodies should not be exempt from standard laws of functioning Administration law is the branch that deals with disputes regarding the same Constitutional law This deals with the study and practice of the principles set forth by the US Constitution Any violation that disregards Constitutional policies is scrutinized by specialists in this branch and governance Press law The press and media enjoy the benefits of freedom of speech but there are certain rules and regulations that they need to adhere to This deals with the liberties and powers enjoyed by the media and at the same time governs copyrightrelated issues of intellectual property rights Sale of goods law This is the set of legal rules regarding the sale and purchase of goods There needs to be a proper system in place to enable the smooth transaction of goods and services the sale of goods law is the set of regulations one should refer to if any disputes arise Along with these branches that are mentioned here are some more branches that you may come across at some point or the other Marine law Public international law Family law Law of Torts Corporate law Excise law Limitation and arbitration law Air law Defamation law Parliamentary law All these go hand in hand and work simultaneously to enable the smooth functioning of society People who break these laws are dealt with accordingly and this is what keeps our society ticking

O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O B B O O O B O B O O O B O B O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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unfortunately

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to

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the

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bar

widget

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add

in

a

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I

know

it

pains

me

how

much

simpler

it

is

with

configs

Im

updating

it

now

will

release

later

today

Been

waiting

for

a

free

one

of

these

from

osb

NJ

will

get

back

with

report

eventually

unfortunately

just

bought

accounts

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Yeah

there

is

a

dubious

rule

about

uploading

free

version

of

premium

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scripts

This

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already

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down

once

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I

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for

exactly

this

releasing

a

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thats

already

available

only

as

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scripts

There

was

some

extra

bits

to

it

such

as

that

member

being

an

incredible

asshole

but

if

you

get

asked

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take

it

down

then

I

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you

do

so

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luck

I

thought

it

only

applied

to

SDN

And

the

local

was

its

own

musical

Paradox

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to

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another

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coming

scripter

got

banned

for

exactly

this

releasing

a

downloadable

script

thats

already

available

only

as

premium

scripts

There

was

some

extra

bits

to

it

such

as

that

member

being

an

incredible

asshole

but

if

you

get

asked

to

take

it

down

then

I

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recommend

you

do

so

Good

luck

If

moderators

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taking

down

local

scripts

for

a

reason

other

than

malicious

code

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I

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already

done

Gotta

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accounts

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over

weeks

P

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tut

island

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edited

Yea

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NPCs

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are

reachable

to

determine

each

stage

use

the

progress

bar

widget

to

add

in

a

fail

safe

I

have

changed

it

to

used

configs

but

am

using

the

Tutorial

Island

NPCs

as

a

fail

safe

will

try

out

your

genius

progress

bar

idea

love

the

script

so

far

man

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me

posted

on

updates

Just

updated

Should

be

more

reliable

now

and

the

code

underneath

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certainly

sexier

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it

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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

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Ikemen Sengoku by CYBIRD Inc After accidentally changing history and earning the favor of warlord Nobunaga Oda by saving him from near death you must survive 3 months surrounded by Japans most famous and handsome Sengoku warlords before your next chance to make it back home In a world where it takes one man to conquer a nation do you have what it takes to conquer his heart Genre Historical Fantasy Download Android Google Play iOS App Store WalkthroughsGuides Nobunaga Oda Masamune Date Yukimura Sanada Ieyasu Tokugawa Hideyoshi Toyotomi Shingen Takeda Kenshin Uesugi Mitsunari Ishida Sasuke Sarutobi Informational Pages Game Review Events Current and Closed Tips Resist the urge to use all your tickets This is true especially on your first route The game will give you some free tickets to use to play the game However I recommend that you do NOT use these tickets and instead hold onto them One reason is there are collection events where you can get point by reading the story Saving your tickets and using them during these events will make for easily collecting more points to get more prizes The other reason is because Your first run is going to be rough if you are trying to play 100 free This is true in any freetoplay game Remember to set a timer to remind you to go in the game every 4 hours that you are awake You should be able to pass all but the final check with ease but do not be surprised if you are stuck there Remember that once you pass it continue to do lessons Dont stop doing lessons If you decide to take a break between routes dont stop doing lessons It will be easier on you in the long haul Max out your friends list as soon as possible You get 1000 Gold every day from greeting your friends You are going to need it Greeting is also super easy There is a button on the left side on the left side of the screen that looks like two women Press it then Friends List and at the top there is a button that says Greet All Press it and you are done Login daily Even if you dont have time to play just make sure you open the app and go to Home in order to get your daily login bonus Login turnover is 1200am PST Edit your main screen theme Like a guy a lotIf you press MenuHis Room you can set your theme here by selecting a guy pressing his image and setting it He will now great you on the main page with set voiced lines See the MCs face I know a lot of people like to self insert so they might not like to see the MCs face but press Menu bottom right SettingsHelp Settings and there is a toggle on this screen for Show Main Characters Face This will make it so your CGs will still display her eyes FAQ Q What is the difference between the two ends A The name tells you all you need to know One ending is Dramatic and one is Romantic Both ends are Good its just getting to that ending that the title describes Q What is Gold How do I get Gold What is Gold used for A Gold is the ingame money that you get from doing lessons login bonuses events ect If you are wanting to play 100 for free you will need to have Gold to pass normal avatar love challenges in the stories About Events CollectionExchange Event During a collectionexchange event the game will give you some type of item for meeting certain conditions while playing the game These are usually reading the story going on lessonsbattles looking at the event page twice a day usually morning and evening Usually there is a banner somewhere on the screen or under an Events tab that upon clicking will take you to the events This page will display such things as how many items you have collected to exchange for game items bonuses such as early clear set to purchase to help you clear the event quicker and rankings This page will also have a button to exchange the items you have for game items There is a variation of this event that has you not only exchange for game items but will get you an interaction with a warlord of your choosing These fun variations get you reaction sprites and voiced lines There are also early clear bonuses located under the bonus menu under Bonus Details This will tell you what the early clear items are and how many exchanges you must to to receive that bonus Usually in order to early clear or complete the event you will either need to have a lot of items andor buy a set to complete it Otherwise one can still get pretty far in the event and get items without using anything but you will probably not finish the event This is common in free to play games Please note that in order to get game items you MUST press the button to exchange your collection items Story Event A story event works almost exactly like the main story You read the event and will come across checks that require you to have a certain amount of event glamour or purchase and avatar to continue These events have two endings Premium and Sweet which premium will require you to pass a personal glamour in order to read that ending The premium personal glamour amount check rises with every ending you complete These events also have early clear and just like a collection event in order to early clear you will either need to have a lot of items andor buy a set to complete it Once again this is common in free to play games These also have event friends where you get 20 of your friends charm Friend amounts start at 5 and then go up 2 with each ending passed Choosing your event friends wisely will either set you up to full clear or not Good event friends who are very active in the event will do a good amount of help pull you through the event A story event should be easy to full clear as long as you make sure to take advantage of fevers with your stamina items hopefully that you have saves from a collection event and choose event friends wisely I would suggest getting as much glamour as you possibly can from the opening fever and then send out event friend invites to people who are your same level I make event posts for these events where I will add amounts needed to make checks and all important bonus information Be on the lookout for that post even new events start Before you comment please remember the following Posting a spoiler Use the spoiler tag COPY ALL OF THE FOLLOWING spoilerspoileryour spoiler goes herespoiler Do not linkdiscuss to cheats full gameplay voiced parts or premium content that requires players to spend real money to obtain them Use the flagging system instead of engaging with people possibly trolling For more rules see the

B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ikemen sengoku
historical fantasy
cybird


Ottawa University Arizona Athletics 2018 Womens Volleyball Roster Go To Coaching Staff Change Roster Layout Choose A Season Sort By Players Outside Hitter 60 1 Jorie Mayfield Senior Tempe Ariz Marcos de Niza HS Eastern New Mexico Full Bio Defensive Specialist 57 2 Breelle Lugo Junior Phoenix Ariz Cesar Chavez HS Full Bio Opposite Hitter 59 3 Destinee Blue Junior Santa Ana Calif Segerstrom HS Santiago Canyon CC Full Bio Libero 54 7 Kelsey Marchant Senior Powell Wyo Northwest CC Full Bio Middle Blocker 59 9 Asha Harris Sophomore Glendale Ariz Imagine Prep Academy at Surprise Full Bio Libero 55 11 Camila Trovato Sophomore Surprise Ariz Shadow Ridge HS Grand Canyon University Full Bio Middle Blocker 59 12 Julissa Alaniz Sophomore Parker Ariz Parker HS Full Bio Outside Hitter 59 13 Seleni Bartley Junior Kapolei Hawaii Treasure Valley CC Full Bio Middle Blocker 510 14 Raelynn Therio Freshman Buckeye Ariz Odyssey Institute Full Bio Outside Hitter 58 16 Stevie Wenzel Sophomore McKinney Texas McKinney North HS Saddleback CC Full Bio Setter 60 17 Rachel Kater Senior Wichita Kan Trinity Academy MidAmerican Nazarene University Full Bio Opposite Hitter 60 18 Courtney Jones Freshman Anthem Ariz Boulder Creek HS Full Bio Setter 55 20 Sierra Dominguez Freshman Peoria Ariz Centennial HS Full Bio Middle Blocker 510 21 Jessica Youngberg Senior Peoria Ariz Centennial HS Glengale Community College Full Bio Outside Hitter 58 23 Austin Edwards Junior Corona Calif Centennial HS Long Beach City College Full Bio Defensive Specialist Libero 54 24 Elizabeth Houk Senior Surprise Ariz Shadow Ridge HS Tennessee Wesleyan University Full Bio Outside Hitter 510 26 Gianna Kioa Senior Phoenix Ariz Saint Marrys HS Full Bio Womens Volleyball Staff Head Coach Kristin Steele Full Bio Assistant Coach Tyler Jenkins Full Bio

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How Long Does It Take for Salmon to Spoil by Kelly McCoy Salmon is only fresh for a short time so use it fast Whether its been sitting in the fridge for a day or freshly bought read on to learn more on how to tell salmon shelf life and proper storage techniques Shelf Life of Salmon If you have fresh raw salmon whether steak fillet or whole it will last up to two days in the refrigerator Cooked salmon will stay good for up to four days provided you refrigerate it within two hours of cooking Unopened canned salmon can remain in your pantry for up to five years while an opened can will last only two days in the refrigerator Finally smoked salmon in an unopened vacuum pack will last up to three weeks in the refrigerator or one week if opened Proper Storage The key to maximizing the shelf life of salmon is proper storage Fresh raw salmon should be kept in its original packaging in the refrigerator until youre ready to use it cooked salmon should be stored in shallow airtight containers in the refrigerator Both can be frozen for up to three months for best quality wrap the salmon in aluminum foil or plastic wrap or seal it in a freezer bag to curb freezer burn Signs of Spoilage Changes to the color and texture of the salmon are indicators that it has spoiled You may even notice a rather slimy milky coating on the flesh While fresh salmon should smell like the ocean spoiled salmon will have a foul fishy smell When you touch the flesh of the salmon it should be firm and spring back if your finger leaves an indentation the salmon is old Finally whole salmon should have clear not cloudy eyes Thawing Salmon To preserve your salmon for the longterm freeze it however proper thawing is essential Ideally you should leave your salmon in the refrigerator to thaw overnight this method maintains the best quality particularly in terms of texture If youre in a hurry put the salmon in an airtight resealable bag and immerse it in cold water changing the water every 30 minutes until its thawed You may also use the microwave however this method may partially cook some areas of the fish resulting in a tougher uneven texture Our Everyday Video Brought to you by LEAFtv Brought to you by LEAFtv References Still Tasty Salmon US Food and Drug Administration Fresh and Frozen Seafood Selecting and Serving it Safely USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service The Big Thaw Safe Defrosting Methods for Consumers Resources Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch Atlantic Salmon The Kitchn What is the Best Way to Cook Salmon Filets Bon Appetit Salmon About the Author Kelly McCoy has been writing for lifestyle blogs and online publications since 2010 specializing in recipes and techniques for the home cook She holds a BA from Boston University and JD from the University of Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco Photo Credits CreatasCreatasGetty Images

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