How to Create a Poll on Your Facebook Page December 12 2018 0159 Player error The player is having trouble Well have it back up and running as soon as possible In this tutorial we explain how to create a poll and publish it on a Facebook page you manage The whole process only takes a few minutes Take a look at the video above for the stepbystep tutorial First it is important to understand the difference between a Facebook Page and a personal account The Page represents a business community or public figure that interacts with an audience of followers A personal account is used by you as an individual It is your login to get into Facebook To create a poll on Facebook log in to your Facebook personal account and go to the Polls for Pages app Then follow the steps to create your questions and configure the layout options When you reach the last step Publish click the Add to a Facebook Page button and select your Page from the dropdown list of Pages you manage You can customize the tab name by changing it to something more specific Click the green Add to your Page button The app will redirect you to your Facebook Page where you will see the poll successfully installed in a tab To share the poll with your fans post the poll URL in a new status update on your Page Timeline Dont forget to tell your fans what the poll is about and why their opinion matters See the best practices article and the promoted post article for advice on how to maximize your post reach If you manage a Page with colleagues an Enterprise subscription will allow you to connect up to 10 admins to the account More from the blog Receive Email Notifications for New Answers

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Poor

Pupil

Home

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Dulcitius

Summary

Dulcitius

Summary

October

Schofie

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a

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to

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The

emperor

Diocletian

failing

to

persuade

the

three

virgins

Agape

Chione

and

Irena

to

renounce

their

Christian

faith

and

sacrifice

to

the

Roman

gods

consigns

them

to

prison

Governor

Dulcitius

sees

the

girls

beauty

and

desires

them

so

he

commands

that

they

be

locked

up

in

the

kitchen

During

the

night

he

enters

the

kitchen

and

believing

he

is

embracing

and

caressing

the

girls

fondles

the

pots

and

pans

He

exits

unaware

that

he

is

now

blackened

with

soot

from

the

kitchen

utensils

Offended

because

his

soldiers

run

from

him

in

fear

Dulcitius

demands

to

see

the

emperor

but

the

The

soldiers

attempt

to

carry

out

Dulcitiuss

orders

but

the

robes

refuse

to

come

off

the

bodies

of

the

three

girls

Diocletian

orders

Count

Sisinnius

to

punish

the

girls

Sisinnius

is

sympathetic

to

Irena

the

youngest

of

the

three

girls

and

orders

her

to

be

kept

in

prison

while

the

other

two

are

punished

Agape

and

Chione

are

burned

at

the

stake

but

the

flames

leave

their

clothing

and

their

bodies

unharmed

as

their

souls

rise

to

heaven

Irena

refuses

to

renounce

her

faith

despite

Sisinniuss

threats

of

death

or

torture

He

orders

her

to

be

confined

in

a

brothel

A

short

time

later

the

soldiers

return

with

the

news

that

two

splendidlydressed

men

with

radiant

countenances

appeared

and

claimed

that

Sisinnius

had

sent

them

to

bear

Irena

to

the

top

of

a

mountain

Sisinnius

himself

pursues

Irena

but

is

unable

to

find

a

path

to

the

summit

where

Irena

stands

taunting

him

and

pronouncing

his

damnation

At

Sisinniuss

order

a

soldier

shoots

Irena

with

an

arrow

and

she

dies

reaching

toward

heaven

Bibliography

httpwwwletuedupeopleannieolsonprojectshrotswithadulcitiushtml

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Home Men Brands Sizes Select a category for specific sizes Colors Prices 25 and under 26 50 51 100 101 200 201 and above Type All Closet Boutique All New With Tags All Available Sold MORE WAYS TO SHOP Shop all Brands Featured Showrooms Men Sort By Just In Dockers Blue Full Zip Mock Neck Sweater Large NWT 45 80 Size L Dockers n_kboutique American Eagle Extreme Flex Original Straight Pant 15 0 Size Waist 34 American Eagle Outfitters buychance Mack Weldon gray sweatshirt mens Med like new 16 70 Size M Mack Weldon clothandbaubles American Eagle dark orange sweater size large 20 50 Size L American Eagle Outfitters cjb96camaro Levi 43x32 10 50 Size Waist 34 emily_stephens Auburn Sportswear Vintage White Satin Snap Bomber 65 0 Size XL auburn sportswear thriftathomemom Rolling Stones Magazine REM 8 4 Size OS 19tara83 Bluegrass Underground Cumberland Caverns Tee 15 0 Size M Gildan pigwolfer Peter Millar Plaid Shirt 44 198 Size XXL Peter Millar dt_boutique Shirt 5 29 Size XL Hurley aristau24 ANIMAL hooded cut off workout tee blue XL 25 30 Size XL vanessadaniella Stance NBA Casual SPURS CASUAL LOGO Crew Medium NWT 15 20 Size M Stance miket1776 NWT mens compression shorts NWT 20 30 Size M Under Armour michelles12 Vintage Guess Tiger Reserve Mens Large Pullover 30 0 Size L Guess ezevintage Jeans 15 49 Size Waist 42 Levis douglashall Kenneth Cole Mens Button Up NWT 15 58 Size M Kenneth Cole Reaction bettyandbernie Blue Salvatore Ferragamo Mens Necktie Mouse 32 0 Size OS Salvatore Ferragamo rynosfinds Flannel shirt with quilted lining 10 25 Size XXL juliethebarber Banana Republic Camden Fit Luxe Purple Checks 18 0 Size L Banana Republic ecresale Four pairs of men diesel jeans 160 0 Size Waist 38 Diesel tee9271 Levis LARGE Sherpa Lined hooded zip sweatshirt 39 0 Size L Levis artsyattire Rawlings Dyed Yarn Throw NWT 38 59 Size 53 X 70 Rawlings stylist_gurl Dak Prescott Mississippi State Jacket 25 85 Size XL adidas augieloehr Under Armour Mens XL tee 20 50 Size XL Under Armour maracchiato TH042100251 Unisex Tortoise Frame Eyeglasses NWT NWT 155 360 Size 51mm 21mm 140mm Tag Heuer david_69_a ANIMAL hooded cut off workout tee yellow XL 25 30 Size XL vanessadaniella Wrangler Boot Cut Jeans 31x32 10 50 Size Waist 31 emily_stephens Under Armour Althetic Hoodie S 20 50 Size S Under Armour jbuhr7102 Rolling Stones Magazine Winona Ryder 8 4 Size OS 19tara83 Camo pants 40 99999 Size S army domino2913 Vintage Ralph Lauren Spell Out Leather Buckle Hat 50 0 Size OS Polo by Ralph Lauren voguesquared Cole Haan mens boots like new 8 110 350 Size 8 Cole Haan clothandbaubles Mens Ariat Pro Series Button Down 15 60 Size XL Ariat melissalamon American Eagle Khaki Chino Original Straight Pant 15 0 Size Waist 30 American Eagle Outfitters buychance WWF WWE THE ROCK 1999 Wrestling Tshirt 30 65 Size L Hanes restockedgear Abercrombie light grey Mens sweater 12 60 Size M Abercrombie Fitch nheimerman JCrew Button Down Shirt Blue White Plaid Check XS 20 50 Size XS J Crew thrifting_mama Lululemon Mens 11 inch Gray Camo Shorts Medium 45 0 Size M lululemon athletica poshsaurus NWT NIKE MENS TEAM CLUB FLEECE PANTS NWT 35 45 Size L Nike danibmae Tommy Bahama Cozy Sweater 20 0 Size L Tommy Bahama lizmott Mens slip on dress shoes 15 90 Size 11 Rockport mds5546 Px9 storm 13 600 980 Size OS realoffersonly Mens American Eagle Longer Length Shorts 17 30 Size Waist 34 American Eagle Outfitters efenny Mango Man MNG Camisa Maxia Plaid Shirt XXL NWT 50 80 Size XXL Mango bvolmar AMF Red Black bowling shoes 20 75 Size 12 AMF brindlebulldog NEW Holiday Pattern Socks NWT 15 25 Size L falknerkassy American Eagle Button Down 18 44 Size L American Eagle Outfitters brian_hoffman5 Mens lulu workout shirt 16 50 Size M lululemon athletica emily_e_k 1 2 3 4 5

O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


HolgerLoebel

Level

Powered

On

forbidden

always

insufficient

access

rights

or

other

reasons

possible

PM

Hi

I

frequently

get

an

error

when

experimenting

with

copyingcreating

files

on

sharepoint

Manually

I

can

execute

the

desired

actions

create

folders

add

files

delete

files

on

the

sharepoint

library

I

am

not

an

admin

of

the

libraries

so

before

I

bug

the

admin

with

this

issue

does

this

error

message

always

mean

that

I

have

insufficient

user

rights

or

may

it

also

be

due

to

a

poorly

configured

flow

This

is

the

error

message

I

get

status

message

FORBIDDENrnclientRequestId

source

XXXXXXXXXsharepointcom

errors

Thanks

for

an

indication

what

this

error

message

really

means

Report

Inappropriate

Content

Message

of

Labels

Rights

vyamaomsft

Community

Support

Team

Re

forbidden

always

insufficient

access

rights

or

other

reasons

possible

PM

Hi

HolgerLoebel

Could

you

show

me

how

is

your

flow

configured

You

said

that

you

can

manually

execute

actions

such

as

create

folders

add

files

do

you

mean

that

you

execute

these

actions

directly

on

SharePoint

site

Are

you

using

SharePoint

Online

or

SharePoint

onpremises

Please

make

sure

the

connection

is

created

with

correct

login

option

Error

forbidden

means

that

you

dont

have

appropriate

permission

to

access

the

site

please

try

to

remove

the

connection

then

recreate

it

Please

also

check

this

doc

hope

it

would

be

helpful

for

you

httpsdocsmicrosoftcomenusazureactivedirectorydevelopactivedirectoryintegratingapplica

Best

regards

Mabel

Mao

Report

Inappropriate

Content

Message

of

Level

Powered

On

Re

forbidden

always

insufficient

access

rights

or

other

reasons

possible

AM

Hello

I

have

exacty

the

same

problem

message

FORBIDDEN

clientRequestId

serviceRequestId

For

a

classic

Copy

file

flow

from

Sharepoint

App

I

can

execute

the

copy

manually

in

the

sharepoint

site

but

the

flow

didnt

work

I

check

the

connexion

on

Sharpoint

just

like

its

recommanded

for

error

but

nothing

change

Is

that

flow

is

not

allowed

to

copy

documents

Or

did

I

use

the

wrong

type

of

Flow

for

copying

on

folder

to

an

other

space

in

the

sharpoint

site

Thanks

in

advance

for

youre

help

Report

Inappropriate

Content

Message

of

All

posts

Previous

Topic

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Articles in this section Recover deleted email in Webmail Sevenlayer scanning helps to keep your Inbox safe Learn more about our antispam and antivirus scans EnsureMail Exchange security and encryption EnsureMail password recovery by SMS FAQ How to disable strike through deleted email in Outlook How to disable strike through deleted email in Outlook PracticalHost Support 4 years ago Updated When you mark an item on an IMAP email server for deletion the item is displayed in strikethrough text in the header list However the item is not removed from the IMAP mail server until a purge command is used NOTE You can change the view of an IMAP folder so that items marked for deletion do not appear On the menu point to Current View and then click Hide Messages Marked for Deletion If you are using the Reading Pane you must turn it back on after using this command On the menu point to Reading Pane and then click Right or Bottom If you do not purge the deleted items periodically you might reach and exceed the allotted disk space on your email server If you exceed your allotted disk space you might not receive any new messages or you might incur additional charges from your Internet service provider ISP Manually purge deleted items To permanently delete the items marked for deletion do the following Click a folder in your IMAP On the menu point to Purge Deleted Messages Do one of the following Click Purge Marked Items in folder Only items marked for deletion in the folder that you are in are purged from the IMAP mail server Click Purge Marked Items in email account All items marked for deletion in any folder for this IMAP email account are purged from the IMAP mail server Click Purge Marked Items in All Accounts All items marked for deletion in any folder for any IMAP email account are purged from the IMAP mail server NOTE You must be working online with the mail server for this feature to work TIP Add the Purge command to a toolbar On the Tools menu click Customize On the Commands tab under Categories click Under Commands drag the Purge command to a toolbar Automatically purge the deleted items You can configure Microsoft Outlook so that when you switch between folders any items you have marked for deletion are purged from the IMAP mail server Click a folder in your IMAP email account On the menu point to Purge Deleted Messages Click Purge Options The Internet Email Settings dialog box opens On the General tab under Purge Options select the Purge items when switching folders while online check box Was this article helpful 201 out of 318 found this helpful Have more questions Return to top Comments 0 comments Article is closed for comments

O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O B O O B I O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Automating the Future National Precast Concrete Association Precast Magazines Precast Inc Magazine 2017 JanuaryFebruary Automating the Future Automating the Future Molin Concrete Products of Lino Lakes Minn partnered with Weckenmann to install carousel system technology Photo provided by Molin Concrete Products By Shari Held Automation is changing the landscape for precast plants by making the production process more consistent more efficient safer and less laborintensive I f youre thinking about building a new plant or upgrading your equipment youre likely going to consider automation While the initial investment may be high the dividends that can be paid in increased efficiency safety and production make automation a sound choice for forwardthinking precasters Heres a look at automating a plant from the perspectives of three precasters Pennsylvaniabased TechoBloc Corporation pavers and retaining walls Georgiabased Foley Products Co risers and Minnesotabased Molin Concrete Products structural and architectural wall panels For Mike Nadeau US director of operations for TechoBloc automation was a nobrainer The company built automated plants in 2003 and 2007 and purchased three additional plants in the US It also has three production facilities in Canada Theres no other way to do what we do profitably Nadeau said Its the only way to go A shrinking labor pool was a chief motivation for Foley Products Were having a hard time finding those daily laborers who want to work hard for 10 to 12 hours a day said Dennis Morrissey vice president of dry cast operations It was basically a personnel issue Foley Products also wanted to find a more efficient way to perform vacuum testing Manual testing was timeconsuming and laborintensive With automation testing is included in the production process Decreasing safety risks and health hazards associated with silica dust noise strains and sprains as well as attracting future skilled labor was important for Molin We needed to look at how to innovate ourselves so wed be attractive to a millennialgeneration workforce that wants to get into this business said Matthew Westgaard vice president of manufacturing Molins existing plant wasnt set up for producing highvolume or highquality architectural wall panels The company needed a full package of precast products to keep it from missing opportunities in the marketplace and to set it apart from the competition We were also looking at ways to provide more value in the marketplace with quality capacities and capabilities Westgaard said A perfect partnership Partnering with an automated plant system manufacturer relieves precasters of some of the headaches associated with building a new plant including planning and training In 2004 Foley Products partnered with Schlüsselbauer to build an automated 90footwide by 175footlong manhole riser plant Foley Products also hired a contractor to build the plant to spec and once it was ready Schlüsselbauer set up its MAGIC automated production system Schlüsselbauer then trained the technicalsavvy workers Foley Products had hired By October 2006 the automated plant was up and running In 2014 Molin partnered with Weckenmann to convert a conventional longline production plant located 25 miles from its existing plant to carousel system technology To reduce its capital investment Molin requested Weckenmann stay within the footprint of the vacant plant roughly 85 feet wide and 320 feet long with a 26foot clear height for the two 25ton overhead cranes By July 2015 Molin poured the first cubic yards of concrete in the new plant With the carousel system workers remain stationary while pallets move through the manufacturing plant stations The system handles everything from setup to cleanup and prepping for the next days production We spent the first eight months manufacturing simple plain gray concrete panels Westgaard said Then in phase two of the project we added the architectural finishing and the colored and textured concrete aspects of architectural wall panels to the operation Proper research and development is crucial to achieving success with automation Photo provided by Molin Concrete Products What automation brings to the table TechoBloc specializes in the highend residential market The paver industry is highly competitive and product quality can vary widely Along with a mix design that helps ensure longerlasting blocks the company relies on automation to achieve a competitive edge With automation TechoBloc can produce 115 square feet of bricksize pavers in 10 seconds The faster and more consistent you can make something the less waste you have Nadeau said People make mistakes Computer programs typically dont And they show up for work every day Although automation doesnt help Foley Products produce manhole risers any faster it does cut down on labor Instead of eight workers it now takes only three to manufacture 150 elements per day Our overall production cost is a lot less than it used to be at least 30 to 35 less Morrissey said That allows us to be more competitive Automation has helped Molin eliminate human error and manufacture products with a higher quality and more consistent finish It has also enabled the company to offer more refined architectural surface finishes to the design community The quality of product were achieving is much higher than what we ever expected Westgaard said Weve had a lot of good pleasant surprises with the operation Theres also a more consistent pace to production with automation It makes it easier to quote jobs because you have a much higher level of confidence than when youre looking six eight ten twelve weeks out he said You can have X number of square feet of product manufactured and ready for delivery to a job site Adjusting to automation Once Schlüsselbauer finished training Foley Products employees it was business as usual The Foley employees were experienced with drycasting manhole risers The only thing is were doing it with a lot less people Morissey said One downside hes noted is that the forms now wear out a lot faster But the good part is that the product comes out pretty slicklooking he said Not wetcast slick but its a pretty darn goodlooking drycast product The biggest adjustment Molin had to make was going from being a singleplant producer to being a multipleplant producer We now have to coordinate deliveries from two different plant locations both going to the same foreman on one job site Westgaard said All of thats new for our organization Foley Products automated 90footwide by 175footlong manhole riser plant has helped the company cut down on labor Photo provided by Foley Concrete Products What they learned Building any precast plant is a costly endeavor and building an automated plant entails a significant upfront cost which may seem prohibitive But Westgaard advises precasters to look at the longterm When we looked at automation as a longterm investment for the organization weighing it against quality defects safety hazards and risks work comp claims and the challenge of limited tradesmen it was a much easier decision he said Molin hired its plant manager and several production workers early in 2015 even though the new plant didnt start production until July 2015 The new hires were on the floor working alongside the equipment installers months before they received formal training I would highly recommend that any precaster who is contemplating an investment like this and a culture change in how they manufacture products bring their employees in early so they learn the process from the ground up Westgaard said Morrissey recommends doing extensive homework Foley Products spent about two years of development time for its automated plant Management made several trips to Europe to look at different types of machinery and visited many plants Then they compared costs He estimates the cost of building the automated manhole riser plant to be about 40 more than building a more traditional plant Its a big investment Morrissey said Youve got a new building and youve got a whole different concept But if the volume is there its worth it Nadeau echoes that advice suggesting precasters attend machine shows and select the type of equipment that best suits their needs For TechoBloc it was just a matter of the level of automation The company built automated paverretaining wall plants in 2003 and 2007 As a result while other precasters were laying workers off during the Great Recession TechoBloc thrived We took a chance Nadeau said We thought that when the economy came back wed be way ahead and wed take market share And we lucked out The bottom line Morrissey is so impressed with the laborsaving advantages of automation that hes currently talking with Schlüsselbauer about automating an existing plant And while automation may require fewer employees Nadeau is quick to point out that computerized automation systems will never replace workers It still takes people to run the equipment a higher caliber of people who make higher wages Nadeau said In the end Westgaard said automation is all about better serving your market Its all about being able to push the envelope of your industry staying innovative and taking advantage of the latest technologies to help you become safer more efficient and more profitable so you can provide higher value and quality in your products Shari Held is an Indianapolis Indbased freelance writer who has covered the construction industry for more than 10 years Filed Under Precast Inc Magazine 2017 JanuaryFebruary Automating the Future Precast Magazines Tagged With automation competition equipment innovative production technology Comments Jeff Pollock says February 9 2017 at 826 am Great article Also likely that the investment required in our national infrastructure will require automation as the surge in demand for precast outpaces labor capacity Categories 2018 NovemberDecember 11 2018 SeptemberOctober 10 2018 JulyAugust 9 2018 MayJune 9 2018 MarchApril 12 2018 JanuaryFebruary 12 2017 NovemberDecember 10 2017 SeptemberOctober 10 2017 JulyAugust 11 2017 MayJune 10 2017 MarchApril 10 2017 JanuaryFebruary 13 2016 NovemberDecember 12 2016 SeptemberOctober 12 2016 JulyAugust 11 2016 MayJune 11 2016 MarchApril 12 2016 JanuaryFebruary 13 2015 NovemberDecember 11 2015 SeptemberOctober 11 2015 JulyAugust 11 2015 MayJune 11 2015 MarchApril 13 2015 JanuaryFebruary 14 2014 NovemberDecember 12 2014 SeptemberOctober 11 2014 JulyAugust 12 2014 MayJune 12 2014 MarchApril 10 2014 JanuaryFebruary 12 2013 NovemberDecember 10 2013 SeptemberOctober 9 2013 JulyAugust 12 2013 MayJune 9 2013 MarchApril 13 2013 JanuaryFebruary 11 2012 NovemberDecember 12 2012 SeptemberOctober 11 2012 JulyAugust 13 2012 MayJune 12 2012 MarchApril 12 2012 JanuaryFebruary 11 2011 NovemberDecember 12 2011 SeptemberOctober 12 2011 JulyAugust 10 2011 MayJune 12 2011 MarchApril 11 2011 JanuaryFebruary 10 Archive 20092010 91 Archive 20042008 264

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Home Depression in Japan Depression in Japan Psychiatric Cures for a Society in Distress Junko Kitanaka Editions Paperback 2011 2012 3250 2600 ISBN 9780691142050 240 pp 6 x 9 14 5 halftones 1 line illus Ebook ISBN 9781400840380 Since the 1990s suicide in recessionplagued Japan has soared and rates of depression have both increased and received greater public attention In a nation that has traditionally been uncomfortable addressing mental illness what factors have allowed for the rising medicalization of depression and suicide Investigating these profound changes from historical clinical and sociolegal perspectives Depression in Japan explores how depression has become a national disease and entered the Japanese lexicon how psychiatry has responded to the nations ailing social order and how in a remarkable transformation psychiatry has overcome the longstanding resistance to its intrusion in Japanese life Questioning claims made by Japanese psychiatrists that depression hardly existed in premodern Japan Junko Kitanaka shows that Japanese medicine did indeed have a language for talking about depression which was conceived of as an illness where psychological suffering was intimately connected to physiological and social distress The author looks at how Japanese psychiatrists now use the discourse of depression to persuade patients that they are victims of biological and social forces beyond their control analyzes how this language has been adopted in legal discourse surrounding overwork suicide and considers how in contrast to the West this language curiously emphasizes the Drawing upon extensive research in psychiatric institutions in Tokyo and the surrounding region Depression in Japan uncovers the emergence of psychiatry as a force for social transformation in Japan Junko Kitanaka is an associate professor in the Department of Human Sciences at Keio University Tokyo

O B I I B I I B I I I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

depression in japan
psychiatric cures for a society
junko kitanaka


Create your own Report Century Medical Case Analysis RG Rachael Grigsby Updated 17 March 2014 Transcript Tom Carr Replaced Sandra Ivey as Executive Vice President Tom Carr doesnt understand how and why technology is being used Waste of time and money Solution Social Media Tacit knowledge sharing Century Medical Case Analysis Conclusion INFORMATION REPORTING SYSTEM The most common form of MIS that provides midlevel managers with reports that summarize data and support daytoday decision making Solution Continued Four software system along with a strategy map Wikis Uses software to create a website that allows people to create share and edit content through a browser Strategy map Learning and growth goals Internal business processes goals Customer service goals Financial performance goals You cant learn more from a computer than you can talking to real people Social Networking Provides an unprecedented peer to peer communication channel where people interact in an online community DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM DSS Can also provide specific benefits to managers at all levels of the organization Previous Executive VP supported the project but current Executive VP had little interest Solution Continued Solution Webbased purchasing system that streamlined the process of purchasing supplies and capital goods Problem 2 Continued Change Carrs belief that technology and people are not two different things They are linked together Technology is only for the IT department MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM MIS A computer based system that provides information and support for managerial decision making Questions Problem 1 Sam Nolan proposed a webbased job posting system Would allow for Carr to see the critical relationship between the use of technology and the success of the organization The development of new technology at Century Medical large medical product company in Connecticut EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM EIS A higherlevel application that facilitates decision making at the highest levels of management Sam Nolan was working for Century Medical for the past 4 years Successfully implemented two systems for the company Tom Carr believes that technology and people do not mix Technology is for those people in the IT Department My job is about people not technology Sam Nolan Chief Information Officer Nolan needs to provide a visual representation of the key drivers of the organizations success and how the specific outcomes in each area are linked How Technology can be used to share information and result in more efficient and effective for the company Foundation for Case Analysis Knowledge Management two approach Codified knowledgepersontodocument Tacit knowledge persontoperson By Rachael Grigsby Rosa Lolinco Yang Thao Carr would not allow input from users of the new system Carr current VP believed Nolan project was a waste of time an money Computertechnology only for the IT department Expert Locator System ExpertLocator Systems Blog Running web log that allows an individual to post opinions and ideas about work projects and processes or other information Benefit administration system for the HR department Choose a template Quarterly Business Review In Depth W Quarterly Business Review In Depth This business presentation template makes it easy to dive into the numbers for your next quarterly W W This business presentation template makes it easy to dive into the numbers for your next quarterly busine Resume Green W Resume Green Stand far above the stacks and stacks of flat boring resumes on any hiring managers desk with a W W Stand far above the stacks and stacks of flat boring resumes on any hiring managers desk with a Prezi Annual Report Mountain W Annual Report Mountain Every business year has its ups and downs and youll end yours on a high note with this Prezi W W Every business year has its ups and downs and youll end yours on a high note with this Prezi annu See more templates Learn more about creating dynamic engaging presentations with Prezi Why Prezi is better

O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Create your own Report A Married State Analysis AA Angela Ardoin Updated 10 November 2016 Transcript Katherine Philips used figurative language in A Married State Personification was used in line 6 A virgin state is crowned with much content She is saying being a virgin is being crowned like royalty because virgins were meant to get married and start a family She seemed to want nothing to do with marriage or children Alliteration is used in Line 14 as loves levity Imagery The stress patterns used are iambic and all eight pairs directly rhyme except for indirect rhymes ears and prayers Each line has exactly ten syllables In lines 89 No pangs of child birth to extort your tears No childrens cries for to offend your ears She is using pangs of child birth and offend your ears as symbols that having and raising children are extremely difficult jobs Synopsis The tone in A Married State is very somber Philips seems very unhappy that she is married and has children She thinks her life would be better if she would have remained single Poetry Analysis of Katherine Philips A Married State A married state affords but little ease The best of husbands are so hard to please This in wives careful faces you may spell Though they dissemble their misfortunes well A virgin state is crowned with much content Its always happy as its innocent No blustering husbands to create your fears No pangs of child birth to extort your tears No childrens cries for to offend your ears Few worldly crosses to distract your prayers Thus are you freed from all the cares that do Attend on matrimony and a husband too Therefore Madam be advised by me Turn turn apostate to loves levity Suppress wild nature if she dare rebel Theres no such thing as leading apes in hell The meter is an iambic pentameter with a basic rhythm and rhyme scheme The rhyme scheme is an AABBCCDDDDEEFFGG pattern By Angela Ardoin Poetry Elements Structure Form Katherine Philips uses a somber theme narrating her lyric poem A Married State that the married life and having children only brings pain and suffering The poem A Married State has a total of 16 lines which consist of 8 sets of rhyming couplets There are no stanzas in this poem Katherine Philips was the Matchless Orinda which is the classical name she chose for herself in her poetic addresses to a circle of close female friends like Mary Aubrey MA and Anne Owen Lucasia She was a royalist and made connections with other displaced royalists Her poems circulated in manuscript and she received high praise from Henry Vaughan in Olor Iscanus Themes Symbolism The Author Sound of the Poem Philips creates the image that getting married is not all its cracked up to be She explains that having children is painful and worrisome She is advising her readers to stay single if they can A Married State by Katherine Philips Significance In A Married State which is a lyric poem Katherine Philips is advising readers to stay single because marriage and children are only problems Rhythm Meter The End Elements Continued Katherine Philips married James Philips in 1648 at the age of seventeen They had two children Hector who died a few days after childbirth and Katherine who lived to adulthood Her poems consisted of elegies epitaphs poems of partings and friendships She died in 1664 of smallpox Tone Mood Katherine Philips theme in A Married State is warning women to not get married She was only seventeen when she was forced into an arranged marriage to a 38 year old man However she wrote this poem two years before she was married The Poem Author Learn more about creating dynamic engaging presentations with Prezi Why Prezi is better

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Create your own Report Ten songs that represent Their Eyes were Watching God JJ Jaymee Jones Updated 12 March 2014 Transcript A bittersweet song that represents the time when Joe hit Janie She thought the person that loved her would never hit her The lyrics represent that Janie does not love Joe anymore and is waiting to someday find the love she is looking for This is postmodernism because its showing that you have to believe in what you submitted yourself to but not necessarily submit yourself to it Janie and Tea Cakes relationship ended with an altercation where Janie shot and killed Tea Cake He got bit by a vicious dog and tried to attack Janie Janie ended up shooting Tea Cake and he died in result of it This song represents Janie killing Tea Cake Good Life by One Republic The first time Janie laid her eyes on Tea Cake she thought he was the one The guy that she had been looking for all of her love life When Janie and Tea Cake moved from Eatonville to the Everglades it was going to be a new beginninglife for them Today in the modern world African American women dont see themselves for who they are They are always trying to change the way they look for example getting weave cause they dont their hair is pretty or long enough Sometimes getting it cause they feel as if it makes them more beautiful All the towns people always had something to say about Janie In the beginning of the book when Janie went back to Eatonville they were talking about how the man she was with only used her for her money Also at the end of the book when she ran off with Tea Cake they did not agree with the choices she was making All this trash they were talking about her she did not let it affect her Compass by Lady Antebellum Janies love for Joe was slowly fading away She didnt really love him anymoreher love for Joe was shattered Eventually in their relationship the love was no longer strong she thought Joe would turn out to be the person she had painted in her imagination After everything Janie went through she always had remained stable She learned from her past and made a better outcome from it After Tea Cake died Janie realized that the only man that ever would love her she killed She became stronger in the end and finally realized that she can be independent and dont need a man to make her happy Say Something by Christina Aguilera Beautiful by Christina Aguilera Let Me Love You NeYo Here Comes Your Man by Meaghan Smith Janie never really followed her heart She would always let her mindimagination take control over her heart She always jumped right into relationships because she wanted to find this perfect guy that she had pictured in her head If she did follow her heart than maybe she would have found the right person that was really there all along Stronger by Kelly Clarkson Paradise by Cold Play Janies entire life she was looking for love Instead of looking at men for who they were she had a picture painted in her head The picture wasnt very idealistic so she was never happy Janie just wanted someone to love her for who she was and in the mix of it she forgot to love herself Janies whole life she dreamed of unrealistic things She was stuck in a fantasy and when did not want to wake up She wanted to live in this fantasy world where she would marry this guy and they would have a perfect life together My Baby Shot Me Down Ten songs that represent Their Eyes were Watching God Choose a template Tech Company Intro W Tech Company Intro You have a killer idea and now you need a killer tech presentation to go with it Use this Prezi sales W W You have a killer idea and now you need a killer tech presentation to go with it Use this Prezi sales pres Quarterly Business Review In Depth W Quarterly Business Review In Depth This business presentation template makes it easy to dive into the numbers for your next quarterly W W This business presentation template makes it easy to dive into the numbers for your next quarterly busine Strategy Plan W Strategy Plan A colorful highenergy planning presentation template is the best way to get your team excited about W W A colorful highenergy planning presentation template is the best way to get your team excited about busi See more templates Learn more about creating dynamic engaging presentations with Prezi Why Prezi is better

O O O O O B O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Create your own Report A Psalm of Life AP Alexa Palumbo Updated 6 February 2014 Transcript The title A Psalm of Life has no hidden message the poem itself is simply a cautionary and enthusiastic tale advising you how to live life to the fullest In the Poem A Psalm of Life What Literary Devices Are Used Yahoo Answers Yahoo nd Web 17 Jan 2014 There are many literary devices used in A Psalm of Life most notably the imagery used in almost every stanza Longfellow makes use of similes as well in these lines Still like muffled drums are beating Be not like dumb driven cattle Alliteration is also used in the previous line as Longfellow repeats the duh sound and in the lines In the worlds broad field of battle in the bivouac of Life Metaphor is used in the line Footprints on the sands of time and the rhyme scheme is ABAB visible in every stanza and verse The point of view of the poem is Shifts Theme The themes of the poem are to live life in the moment to be smart and to be courageous A PSALM OF LIFE An indepth poem analysis Tell me not in mournful numbers Life is but an empty dream For the soul is dead that slumbers And things are not what they seem Life is real Life is earnest And the grave is not its goal Dust thou art to dust returnest Was not spoken of the soul Not enjoyment and not sorrow Is our destined end or way But to act that each tomorrow Find us farther than today Literary Devices Author Background A Psalm of Life by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Art is long and Time is fleeting And our hearts though stout and brave Still like muffled drums are beating Funeral marches to the grave In the worlds broad field of battle In the bivouac of Life Be not like dumb driven cattle Be a hero in the strife Trust no Future howeer pleasant Let the dead Past bury its dead Act act in the living Present Heart within and God oerhead Title Analysis Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime And departing leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time Footprints that perhaps another Sailing oer lifes solemn main A forlorn and shipwrecked brother Seeing shall take heart again Let us then be up and doing With a heart for any fate Still achieving still pursuing Learn to labor and to wait Attitude Do not tell me that life is hopeless for the person that does nothing is dead and you have much to discover Life is an amazing thing and to die is not its goal Life is art and is a cycle Happiness and sorrow we do not strive for We should live life in the moment and be ambitious in our endeavors Art is forever Our hearts beat still towards death During your time on Earth choose your battles wisely Pave your own path Learn to labor be courageous and to be patient The attitude of the poem is optimistic encouraging and optimistic The author of the poem used shifts very subtly with different word choices and going from happy to foreboding within moments This is apparent in lines such as Art is long and Time is fleeting And our hearts though stout and brave Still like muffled drums are beating Funeral marches to the grave Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 18071882 was born in Portland Maine He studied at Bowdoin College After spending time in Europe he became a professor at Bowdoin Later Longfellow taught at Harvard College Longfellow wrote from the late 1830s until his death in 1882 He became a known literary figure nationally by the 1850s Longfellow wrote in a period known as Romanticism a 19thcentury American movement in which poetry and philosophy was concerned with placing high concern on emotion and embraced the exotic and unfamiliar WORKS CITED Videos Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Paraphrase Learn more about creating dynamic engaging presentations with Prezi Why Prezi is better

O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I I I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

a psalm of life
literary devices
henry wadsworth longfellow


Create your own Report Chapter 4 The Intan Shipwreck AP Abhinav Pal Updated 13 May 2014 Transcript The Intan Shipwreck My name is Yoshbhinav Silver Mirrors Song China 9601279 Trade was between islands From Malay Peninsula to Java Tin was important in the making of bronze Buddhist Objects Thousands of pots onboard Ceramic trade between islands and China Local as well as Chinese pots on Intan FollowUp to Tang Dynasty First to issue paper money First known use of gunpowder Cotton Ninja The Spread of Buddhism Seljuk Turks Control the Middle East Mirror Silk Worm Asian Trade Boat going to Java Cotton The Wreck Tin Mirrors Silver wasnt main exportimport in trade Chinese coinage Merchandise Strong Navy Mongols defeat the Song in 1279 Pivotal Export of China Luxury Fabrics Silk in Java Gujarat main export was Sophisticated Trade of Cotton Marketplace I dont make Tin Nobles adopt Buddhism Religious network for communication and trade North Vietnam Ceramics Ironware Silk in China Muslim Trader Makes It Rain With Glass 1000 CE AnalysisSignificance Abhinav and Jake With Original Artwork by Jake Grigsby and corny jokes Abhinav Pal Vajrayana Buddhism Southeast Asia and Buddhism Glass From The Arabs Various trade routes Creation of Ports InterIsland Trade Buddhism Islam Best Presentation ever swerve Chapter 4 Monsoon Tin Ceramics Silk Gold Iron Buddhist Glass Silver Cotton bronze copper Slaves Chinese IronHigh Quality Java Importance of Ceramic objects 1000 CE Ceramics From China The Tin Trade 1037 CE Capital of Isfahan Iran Peak in 1052 Malik Shah I Glass fragments shipped to SEA Imported with profits from tin trade Melted into glass bead trade 245 found on the Intan The Wreck Choose a template Creativity Paint W Creativity Paint For grant requests funding pitches program proposals or any other kind of education or W W For grant requests funding pitches program proposals or any other kind of education or nonprof Sales Kickoff Energy W Sales Kickoff Energy Get your team fired up with an engaging and compelling SKO presentation This Prezi sales W W Get your team fired up with an engaging and compelling SKO presentation This Prezi sales kick Explanation Clock W Explanation Clock Make your HR training and presentation time count with this colorful engaging Prezi HR template For W W Make your HR training and presentation time count with this colorful engaging Prezi HR template For See more templates Learn more about creating dynamic engaging presentations with Prezi Why Prezi is better

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Create

your

own

Report

The

History

of

Colorguard

BH

Brenna

Hall

Updated

May

Transcript

Before

the

Sources

Military

Roots

The

military

pipers

drummers

and

bugle

corps

were

where

the

color

guard

began

around

the

time

of

the

Revolutionary

war

There

was

one

to

four

people

to

carry

the

colors

or

the

American

Flag

in

front

of

the

Marching

band

Colorguard

The

colors

of

the

flags

began

to

represent

the

schools

colors

but

the

change

was

also

made

in

the

music

giving

more

color

to

the

scene

Uniform

designs

changed

from

merely

echoing

the

band

uniform

providing

guard

members

better

freedom

of

movement

for

spinning

as

well

as

more

color

and

variety

on

the

field

escambiabandorg

Cont

The

History

of

Colorguard

With

the

change

to

themed

shows

storytelling

and

theatrical

elements

in

modern

marching

band

shows

the

colorguard

is

the

obvious

choice

to

connect

with

the

audience

both

visually

and

emotionally

partly

from

escambiabandorg

Largely

due

to

the

influence

of

indoor

guard

guards

began

basing

their

movement

on

dance

using

ballet

and

jazz

techniques

instead

of

traditional

military

marching

This

affected

flag

design

as

well

and

guard

uniforms

are

now

more

dancewear

than

military

uniforms

At

the

same

time

a

shift

in

thinking

brought

together

the

flag

saber

and

rifle

lines

escambiabandorg

ETC

This

is

similar

to

the

original

Military

Colorguard

Until

around

the

color

guard

would

only

parade

around

the

fields

during

halftime

shows

carrying

the

US

flag

Marching

band

competitions

included

severe

penalties

in

the

rules

for

violating

US

flag

code

for

those

bands

who

chose

to

use

the

national

colors

but

failed

to

guard

it

correctly

escambiabandorg

The

sport

of

color

guard

was

invented

by

a

lady

named

Peggy

Twiggs

She

came

up

with

the

move

called

the

peggy

spin

Before

the

peggy

spin

guard

members

would

usually

just

show

the

flag

at

different

angels

just

like

the

military

Peggy

began

twirling

the

flag

when

she

was

bored

one

day

at

practice

and

that

one

day

revolutionized

the

way

colorguard

is

today

imljouufledu

The

late

also

introduced

indoor

and

Winterguards

A

marching

band

color

guard

is

a

visual

representation

to

augment

the

music

of

the

band

and

is

used

to

express

nationalistic

pride

or

team

unity

They

can

also

be

called

a

drum

and

bugle

corps

The

color

guard

brings

tremendous

visual

impact

to

a

marching

band

Color

guarding

began

in

military

history

when

men

with

flags

staffs

or

mock

rifles

would

accompany

a

band

playing

a

patriotic

song

to

invigorate

the

army

at

a

time

of

warwwwwisegeekcom

httpwwwescambiabandorgcolorguardasp

escambiabandorg

imljouufledu

httpwwwwisegeekcomwhatisamarchingbandcolorguardhtm

wwwwisegeekcom

Color

guard

Learn

more

about

creating

dynamic

engaging

presentations

with

Prezi

Why

Prezi

is

better

O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Create your own Report Comparing Contrasting Nato and Warsaw Pact IJ Isabella jaeggi Updated 30 April 2015 Transcript Second pursue a policy aimed at a relaxation of tensions between East and West a policy based to a large extent on general military strength Speculation about Khrushchevs ambition towards the power of the Communist party may explain the formation of the Warsaw pact he wanted global domination for Communism Lagniappe Comparing Contrasting NATO and Warsaw Pact The CIA secretly spiked the bread from a bakery in the French village of PontSaintEsprit with enormous quantities of LSD as part of its cold war mindcontrol experiments The Warsaw Pact was the name of the military alliance between the Soviet Union and Eastern European nations Force the Soviets to devote more of their economic resources to defense he treaty was originally set at twenty years for the pact and another ten years following that under the condition that none of the members dropped out of the alliance however in 1962 Albania stopped participating in the actions of the treaty and formally dropped out of the alliance in 1968 The Administration implemented a new policy towards the Soviet Union through NSDD32 National Security Decisions Directive to confront the USSR on three fronts How did the role of NATO change under President Reagan Conditions of the treaty included total equality mutual noninterference in internal affairs and respect for national sovereignty and independence The majority of the actions performed by the Warsaw Pact were run by the Political Consultative Committee and the Unified Command of Pact Armed forces Supporters responded that SDI gave Reagan a stronger bargaining position Indeed Soviet leaders became genuinely concerned Both created to circumvent UN and both were created to defend against outside powers grew to become a way to build and strengthen military forces throughout the Eastern European countries involved Policy has two principals 1st is to maintain adequate military strength and political unity to deter aggression and other forms of military or political pressure Reagan escalated the Cold War with the Soviet Union by making a sharp departure from the policy Facing off against the combined NATO forces are those of the Warsaw Pact formed in 1955 to join the military forces of Eastern European countries NATO or the Atlantic Alliance was an alliance between fifteen Western Nations who felt threatened by the large number of Soviet Troops stationed along the Western border of Germany NATOs primary purpose was to unify and strengthen the Western Allies military response to a possible invasion of western Europe by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies How are NATO Warsaw Pact SameDifferent The power and control of the Soviets in the pact sharply fell in 1989 and 1990 as a result of global Communist losses The signing of the pact became a symbol of Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe Decrease Soviet access to high technology and diminish their resources Isabella Jaeggi In 1990 Hungary stated that it would no longer participate in the military functions of the pact and that it had plans to ultimately leave the pact in 1991 along with Czechoslovakia and Poland NATO itself is made up of ambassadors from the 15 countries involved and not the military Strategic Defense Initiative Reagan believed this defense shield could make nuclear war impossible but the unlikelihood that the technology could ever work led opponents to dub SDI Star Wars Similarities Ultimately in 1991 the remaining six countries decided to formally end their alliance and the Warsaw Pact was disbanded Differences The pact was used more as a means to keep the Soviet allies under a watchful eye than to actually make and enforce decisions Came to be seen as quite a potential militaristic threat as a sign of Communist dominance and a definite opponent to American capitalism One of Reagans more controversial proposals APPENDIX C THE WARSAW PACT Soviet Union Library of Congress 12 May 2008 Foreign Affairs Warsaw Pact 19551970 NWtravel Magazine 12 May 2008 Goldman Stuart D Warsaw Pact World Book 21st ed Halsall Paul Modern History Sourcebook 1998 The Warsaw Pact 1955 12 May 2008 Increase American defense expenditures to strengthen the US sources PurposeFunction of NATO One of the presiding conditions was that the leaders of both of these committees would be Soviet so that Communist dominance would remain prevalent Learn more about creating dynamic engaging presentations with Prezi Why Prezi is better

O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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Modern

Android

development

with

Kotlin

Part

Mladen

Rakonjac

Jan

I

had

a

comment

on

the

previous

blog

post

Great

post

I

agree

the

title

image

is

very

clever

but

as

a

female

Android

developer

Im

bothered

by

it

You

seem

to

assume

your

audience

is

straight

male

I

didnt

assume

anything

It

was

just

popular

on

the

internet

But

here

is

the

new

one

that

I

just

made

Lets

support

GenderEquity

First

of

all

I

want

to

apologize

for

waiting

this

long

for

the

next

blog

post

I

had

a

lot

of

obligations

in

last

three

months

Last

two

parts

have

almost

views

Wow

Thank

you

all

for

that

It

is

really

hard

to

find

one

project

that

covers

all

the

things

that

are

new

in

Android

Development

so

I

decided

to

write

one

In

this

article

we

will

use

the

following

Android

Studio

Part

Kotlin

language

Part

Build

Variants

Part

ConstraintLayout

Part

Data

binding

library

Part

MVVM

architecture

repository

pattern

Android

Manager

Wrappers

Part

and

how

it

helps

us

in

architecture

Dagger

what

is

Dependency

Injection

why

you

should

use

it

Retrofit

with

Rx

Room

with

Rx

Now

we

have

new

versions

for

dependencies

Gradle

wrapper

is

now

stable

Last

Kotlin

version

is

Android

Architecture

Components

are

now

stable

and

LifecycleActivity

is

now

deprecated

We

should

use

AppCompatActivity

now

Now

we

use

targetSdkVersion

buildToolsVersion

All

this

changes

you

can

find

in

this

commit

Before

writing

about

RxJava

I

have

great

news

for

you

The

Official

Android

documentation

is

now

showing

samples

in

both

Kotlin

and

Java

What

is

RxJava

It

is

not

all

about

RxJava

the

concept

is

much

wider

RxJava

is

just

Java

implementation

of

an

API

for

asynchronous

programming

with

observable

streams

reactivex

Actually

it

is

mix

of

three

concepts

the

Observer

pattern

the

Iterator

pattern

and

functional

programming

There

are

libraries

for

other

programming

languages

RxSwift

RxNet

RxJs

I

think

it

is

hard

to

start

with

it

Sometimes

it

is

really

confusing

and

if

it

is

not

implemented

well

it

can

bring

you

some

problems

Still

it

is

worth

to

spend

the

time

on

it

and

learn

it

I

will

try

to

explain

RxJava

through

simple

steps

For

the

start

lets

answer

on

simple

questions

that

you

will

probably

ask

yourself

when

you

start

to

read

about

RxJava

Is

it

really

needed

No

RxJava

is

just

one

more

library

that

you

can

use

in

Android

Development

But

Kotlin

is

also

not

needed

Databinding

library

is

also

not

needed

I

hope

you

understand

what

I

want

to

say

It

just

helps

you

like

all

other

libraries

Should

I

learn

before

You

can

start

with

Still

it

is

good

for

you

as

an

Android

developer

to

know

both

cause

you

can

be

involved

in

maintaining

someones

else

code

I

saw

there

is

RxAndroid

should

I

use

RxAndroid

or

RxJava

RxJava

can

be

used

in

any

Java

development

not

just

in

Android

For

example

RxJava

can

be

used

with

Spring

framework

for

backend

development

RxAndroid

is

a

library

that

contains

what

is

needed

to

use

RxJava

in

Android

So

if

you

want

to

use

RxJava

in

Android

Development

you

have

to

add

one

more

library

RxAndroid

Later

I

will

explain

what

RxAndroid

adds

on

the

top

of

RxJava

We

are

doing

Kotlin

why

we

dont

use

RxKotlin

There

is

no

need

to

write

one

more

Rx

library

cause

all

Java

code

is

supported

in

Kotlin

world

There

is

RxKotlin

library

but

that

library

is

written

on

top

of

the

RxJava

It

just

adds

Kotlin

features

to

the

RxJava

You

can

use

RxJava

with

Kotlin

without

using

RxKotlin

library

For

the

sake

of

simplicity

I

will

not

use

RxKotlin

in

this

part

How

to

add

to

the

project

To

add

it

you

just

need

to

insert

those

two

lines

in

buildgradle

file

dependencies

implementation

implementation

and

sync

project

with

gradle

files

What

is

RxJava

contains

from

I

would

like

to

separate

RxJava

into

parts

Classes

for

Observer

pattern

and

data

flow

Observables

and

Observers

Schedulers

concurrency

Operators

for

data

flow

Observables

and

Observers

We

have

already

explained

this

pattern

You

can

think

about

Observable

as

the

source

of

the

data

and

Observer

the

one

that

gets

the

data

There

are

different

ways

of

creating

the

observables

The

simplest

way

is

to

use

Observablejust

that

takes

an

item

and

creates

Observable

that

emits

that

item

Lets

go

to

our

GitRepoRemoteDataSource

and

change

our

getRepositories

method

to

return

Observable

class

GitRepoRemoteDataSource

fun

getRepositories

Observable

ArrayList

Repository

var

arrayList

ArrayList

Repository

arrayListadd

Repository

First

from

remote

Owner

false

arrayListadd

Repository

Second

from

remote

Owner

true

arrayListadd

Repository

Third

from

remote

Owner

false

return

Observable

justarrayListdelay

TimeUnit

SECONDS

view

raw

GitRepoRemoteDataSourcekt

hosted

with

by

GitHub

ObservableArrayListRepository

means

that

Observable

emits

array

list

of

Repository

objects

If

you

want

to

create

ObservableRepository

that

emits

Repository

objects

you

should

use

ObservablefromarrayList

in

code

makes

our

Observables

to

wait

seconds

before

starting

to

emit

the

data

But

wait

we

didnt

tell

when

Observable

start

to

emit

the

data

Observables

usually

starts

to

emit

the

data

once

when

some

Observer

is

subscribed

to

it

Note

that

we

dont

need

the

following

interface

anymore

interface

OnRepoRemoteReadyCallback

fun

onRemoteDataReadydata

ArrayListRepository

Lets

do

same

thing

for

GitRepoLocalDataSource

class

GitRepoLocalDataSource

fun

getRepositories

Observable

ArrayList

Repository

var

arrayList

ArrayList

Repository

arrayListadd

Repository

First

From

Local

Owner

false

arrayListadd

Repository

Second

From

Local

Owner

true

arrayListadd

Repository

Third

From

Local

Owner

false

return

Observable

justarrayListdelay

TimeUnit

SECONDS

fun

saveRepositories

arrayList

ArrayList

Repository

todo

save

repositories

in

DB

view

raw

GitRepoLocalDataSourcekt

hosted

with

by

GitHub

Note

that

we

dont

need

this

interface

too

interface

OnRepoLocalReadyCallback

fun

onLocalDataReadydata

ArrayListRepository

Now

we

need

to

change

our

repository

to

return

Observable

class

GitRepoRepository

private

val

netManager

NetManager

private

val

localDataSource

GitRepoLocalDataSource

private

val

remoteDataSource

GitRepoRemoteDataSource

fun

getRepositories

Observable

ArrayList

Repository

netManageris

ConnectedToInternet

let

if

it

todo

save

those

data

to

local

data

store

return

remoteDataSourcegetRepositories

return

localDataSourcegetRepositories

view

raw

GitRepoRepositorykt

hosted

with

by

GitHub

If

there

is

an

internet

connection

we

return

Observable

from

the

remote

data

source

otherwise

we

return

it

from

the

local

data

source

And

of

course

there

is

no

need

for

OnRepositoryReadyCallback

interface

too

As

you

can

guess

we

need

to

change

the

way

how

we

get

data

in

MainViewModel

Now

we

should

get

Observable

from

gitRepoRepository

and

subscribe

to

it

Once

when

we

subscribe

Observer

to

that

Observable

Observable

will

start

to

emit

the

data

class

MainViewModel

application

Application

AndroidViewModel

application

fun

loadRepositories

isLoadingset

true

gitRepoRepositorygetRepositoriessubscribe

object

Observer

ArrayList

Repository

override

fun

onSubscribed

Disposable

todo

override

fun

onErrore

Throwable

todo

override

fun

onNextdata

ArrayList

Repository

repositoriesvalue

data

override

fun

onComplete

isLoadingset

false

view

raw

MainViewModelkt

hosted

with

by

GitHub

Once

when

an

Observer

subscribed

to

the

Observable

onSubscribe

method

will

be

called

Note

that

we

have

Disposable

as

a

parameter

of

onSubscribe

method

I

will

write

about

it

later

Every

time

when

Observable

emits

the

data

onNext

method

will

be

called

Once

when

Observable

finish

with

emitting

onComplete

will

be

called

After

that

Observable

terminates

If

some

error

happens

onError

will

be

called

and

after

that

Observable

terminates

That

means

Observable

will

not

emit

data

anymore

so

onNext

will

not

be

called

after

that

nor

onComplete

Also

take

care

here

If

you

try

to

subscribe

to

already

terminated

Observable

you

will

get

IllegalStateException

So

how

RxJava

helps

us

First

we

get

rid

of

all

those

interfaces

It

is

kind

of

boilerplate

to

make

interface

for

each

repository

or

data

source

If

we

use

interfaces

and

if

some

error

happens

in

our

data

layer

our

app

can

crash

Using

RxJava

error

will

be

returned

in

onError

method

so

we

can

show

an

appropriate

error

message

to

the

user

It

is

much

cleaner

cause

we

always

use

RxJava

for

our

data

layer

I

didnt

tell

you

this

before

the

previous

approach

can

lead

to

memory

leaks

How

to

avoid

memory

leaks

using

and

ViewModel

Lets

see

lifecycle

of

the

ViewModel

again

Once

when

Activity

is

destroyed

ViewModels

onCleared

method

will

be

called

In

onCleared

method

we

should

dispose

all

our

Disposables

So

lets

do

it

We

can

improve

this

code

more

First

instead

of

Observer

we

can

use

DisposableObserver

that

implements

Disposable

and

have

dispose

method

So

we

dont

need

onSubscribe

method

cause

we

can

dispose

directly

on

DisposableObserver

instance

Second

instead

of

subscribe

method

that

returns

void

we

can

use

subscribeWith

method

that

returns

given

observer

We

still

can

improve

this

code

We

saved

Disposable

instance

so

we

can

dispose

it

once

when

onCleared

method

is

called

But

wait

should

we

do

this

for

each

call

that

we

make

to

data

layer

What

if

we

have

different

calls

to

data

layer

Is

it

important

for

us

to

differ

those

disposables

No

There

is

a

smarter

way

to

this

We

should

keep

them

all

in

one

bucket

and

dispose

all

of

them

once

when

onCleared

method

is

called

We

can

use

CompositeDisposable

CompositeDisposable

a

disposable

container

that

can

hold

onto

multiple

other

disposables

So

each

time

when

we

create

Disposable

we

should

hold

it

into

CompositeDisposable

Thanks

to

Kotlin

extension

functions

we

can

improve

this

more

Kotlin

similar

to

C

and

Gosu

provides

the

ability

to

extend

a

class

with

new

functionality

without

having

to

inherit

from

the

class

Lets

create

a

new

package

called

extensions

and

add

new

RxExtensionskt

file

import

ioreactivexdisposablesCompositeDisposable

import

ioreactivexdisposablesDisposable

operator

fun

CompositeDisposable

plusAssign

disposable

Disposable

adddisposable

view

raw

RxExtensionskt

hosted

with

by

GitHub

Now

we

can

add

Disposable

object

to

CompositeDisposable

instance

using

sign

Lets

now

try

to

run

the

application

Once

when

you

tap

on

Load

Data

button

the

app

will

crash

in

two

seconds

Then

if

you

go

to

logs

you

will

see

that

error

happens

inside

onNext

method

and

reason

of

the

exception

is

javalangIllegalStateException

Can

not

invoke

setValue

on

a

background

thread

Why

did

that

happen

Schedulers

concurrency

RxJava

comes

with

schedulers

that

give

us

a

possibility

to

chose

on

which

thread

code

will

be

executedTo

be

more

precise

we

can

choose

which

thread

will

observable

operate

on

using

subscribeOn

method

and

which

thread

observer

will

operate

on

using

observeOn

method

Usually

all

code

from

data

layer

should

be

operated

on

background

thread

For

example

if

we

use

SchedulersnewThread

the

scheduler

will

provide

new

thread

each

time

when

we

call

it

There

are

other

methods

from

Schedulers

that

I

will

not

cover

in

this

blog

post

for

sake

of

simplicity

Probably

you

already

know

that

all

UI

code

is

done

on

Android

Main

thread

RxJava

is

java

library

and

it

does

not

know

about

Android

Main

thread

That

is

the

reason

why

we

use

RxAndroid

RxAndroid

gives

us

the

possibility

to

choose

Android

Main

thread

as

the

thread

where

our

code

will

be

executed

Obviously

our

Observer

should

operate

on

Android

Main

thread

Lets

do

it

fun

loadRepositories

isLoadingset

true

compositeDisposable

gitRepoRepository

getRepositories

subscribeOn

Schedulers

newThread

observeOn

AndroidSchedulers

mainThread

subscribeWith

object

DisposableObserver

ArrayList

Repository

view

raw

MainViewModelkt

hosted

with

by

GitHub

Lets

run

app

again

Now

everything

is

working

Good

job

More

observables

types

We

have

other

observable

types

SingleT

observable

that

emits

only

one

item

or

error

MaybeT

observable

that

emits

no

items

one

item

or

error

Completable

emits

onSuccess

event

or

error

FlowableT

like

ObservableT

emits

n

items

no

items

or

error

While

Observable

does

not

support

backpressure

Flowable

supports

it

What

is

backpressure

To

remember

some

concept

I

like

to

make

reallife

parallel

from

it

I

think

about

it

as

a

funnel

If

you

fill

more

then

your

bottleneck

can

accept

it

you

will

overfill

it

and

you

will

make

a

mess

Same

thing

is

here

Sometimes

your

observer

can

not

process

the

number

of

the

events

that

it

is

receiving

so

there

is

a

need

to

slow

down

You

can

find

more

about

it

in

RxJavas

documentation

Operators

The

cool

thing

about

RxJava

is

its

operators

Some

usual

problem

that

take

and

more

lines

are

solved

in

RxJava

with

just

one

line

of

the

code

There

are

operators

that

help

us

to

combine

observables

to

filter

to

do

conditions

to

convert

observables

into

other

types

I

will

give

you

one

example

lets

finish

saving

of

the

data

in

our

GitRepoLocalDataSource

Because

we

are

doing

the

saving

of

the

data

we

will

need

Completable

to

simulate

it

Lets

say

that

we

also

want

to

simulate

delay

of

second

The

really

naive

way

to

do

it

will

be

fun

saveRepositoriesarrayList

ArrayListRepository

Completable

return

Why

this

is

naive

Completablecomplete

r

eturns

a

Completable

instance

that

completes

immediately

when

subscribed

to

Once

when

your

Completable

completes

it

is

terminated

So

no

operator

delay

is

one

of

the

operators

will

be

executed

after

it

In

this

case

our

Completable

will

not

have

any

delay

Lets

find

the

way

to

do

it

fun

saveRepositoriesarrayList

ArrayListRepository

Completable

return

Why

this

way

will

create

Single

that

emits

just

number

Cause

we

are

using

emitting

will

be

delayed

by

second

toCompletable

Returns

a

Completable

that

discards

result

of

the

Single

and

calls

onComplete

when

this

source

Single

calls

onSuccess

So

this

code

will

return

Completable

that

will

call

onComplete

after

second

Now

we

should

change

our

GitRepoRepository

Lets

recall

the

logic

We

check

for

internet

connection

If

there

is

an

internet

connection

we

have

to

get

data

from

remote

data

source

save

it

in

the

local

data

source

and

return

the

data

Otherwise

we

just

get

data

from

local

data

source

Take

a

look

fun

getRepositories

ObservableArrayListRepository

netManagerisConnectedToInternet

let

if

it

return

remoteDataSourcegetRepositoriesflatMap

returnflatMap

localDataSourcesaveRepositories

it

toSingleDefault

it

toObservable

return

localDataSourcegetRepositories

Using

flatMap

once

remoteDataSourcegetRepositories

emits

item

that

item

will

be

mapped

to

new

Observable

that

emits

same

item

That

new

Observable

we

created

from

Completable

that

saves

the

same

emitted

item

in

the

local

data

store

converting

it

to

Single

that

emits

the

same

emitted

item

Cause

we

need

to

return

Observable

we

have

to

convert

that

Single

to

Observable

Crazy

huh

Imagine

what

else

we

can

do

with

RxJava

RxJava

is

a

powerful

tool

Play

with

it

Explore

it

I

am

sure

that

you

will

love

it

Modern

Android

development

with

Kotlin

Part

It

is

really

hard

to

find

one

project

that

covers

all

the

things

that

are

new

in

Android

Development

so

I

decided

to

mediumcom

O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O