1 of 53 Labor Code DOLE eLearning Follow Published on Dec 22 2016 Published in Education 0 Comments 3 Likes Statistics Notes Labor Code 1 Protection to Labor in the 1987 CONSTITUTION and the LABOR CODE as amended 2 BASES Constitution The Labor Code as amended Contracts EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS 3 CONSTITUTION STATE POLICY Section 18 The State affirms labor a primary social economic force It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare 4 CONSTITUTION Article Xlll Labor Section 3 The State shall afford full protection to labor local and overseas organized and unorganized and promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all It shall guarantee the rights of all workers to selforganization collective bargaining and negotiations and peaceful concerted activities including the right to strike in accordance with law They shall be entitled to security of tenure humane conditions of work and a living wage They shall also participate in policy and decisionmaking processes affecting their rights and benefits as may be provided by law 5 CONSTITUTION Continuation Article Xlll Labor The State shall promote the principle of shared responsibility between workers and employers and the preferential use of voluntary modes in settling disputes including conciliation and shall enforce their mutual compliance therewith to foster industrial peace The State shall regulate the relations between workers and employers recognizing the right of labor to its just share in the fruits of production and the right of enterprises to reasonable returns to investments and to expansion and growth 6 LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES as amended ARTICLE 3 Declaration of basic policy The State shall afford protection to labor promote full employment ensure equal work opportunities regardless of sex race or creed and regulate the relations between workers and employers The State shall assure the rights of workers to selforganization collective bargaining security of tenure and just and humane conditions of work 7 LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES as amended ARTICLE 4 Construction in favor of labor All doubts in the implementation and interpretation of the provisions of this Code including its implementing rules and regulations shall be resolved in favor of labor 8 A CONTRACT IS A MEETING OF MINDS BETWEEN TWO PERSONS WHEREBY ONE BINDS HIMSELF WITH RESPECT TO THE OTHER TO GIVE SOMETHING OR TO RENDER SOME SERVICE ARTICLE 1305 CIVIL CODE OF THE PHIL CONTRACT 9 OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM CONTERACTS HAVE THE FORCE OF LAW BETWEEN THE CONTRACTING PARTIES AND SHOULD BE COMPLIED WITH IN GOOD FAITH ARTICLE 1159 CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES OBLIGATION 10 THERE MUST BE OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE there must a clear offer and clear acceptance for a contract to be binding CONSIDERATION is the price paid by one party for the promise of the other THE CAPACITY TO CONTRACT parties to the contract must be over 18 years of sound mind THERE MUST BE NO FORCE MISREPRESENTATION OR FRAUD persons should not be forced to sign a fraud may involve forging someones signature THERE MUST BE AN OBVIOUS INTENTION TO CREATE LEGAL RELATIONS this is based on the actions of the parties eg offer acceptance and consideration A CONTRACT MUST BE 11 1 MUTUALITY OF CONTRACTS 2 OBLIGATORY 3 ENFORCEABILITY 4 CONTRACTS 12 Employment contract ESTABLISHING EXISTENCE OF EREE RELATIONSHIP This is the starting point for the application of the Philippine Labor Code It refers to the consent of both the employer and the employee whereby the latter agrees to provide services to the former in consideration of payment of salary or wage 13 Employment contract EMPLOYER and EMPLOYEE The contract shall be in writing and shall include the following 1 Specific description of job work or service 2 Place of work and terms and conditions of employment including a statement of wage rate applicable to the individual contractual employee and 3 The term and duration of employment which shall be coextensive with the contract of the principal and subcontractor or with the specific phase for which the contractual employee is engaged 13 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT 14 It is clear that seafarers are considered contractual employees They can not be considered as regular employees under Article 280 of the Labor Code Their employment is governed by the contracts they sign every time they are rehired and their employment is terminated when the contract expires Their employment is contractually fixed for a certain period of time They fall under the exception of Article 280 whose employment has been fixed for a specific project or undertaking the completion or termination of which has been determined at the time of engagement of the employee or where the work or services 15 In the Contract of Employment entered into with private respondent petitioners covenanted strict and faithful compliance with the terms and conditions of the Standard Employment Contract approved by the POEADOLE which provides 1 The employment of the seaman shall cease upon expiration of the contract period indicated in the Crew Contract unless the Master and the Seaman by mutual consent in writing agree to an early termination 15 Employment contract 16 Clearly under the foregoing the employment of a Filipino seaman may be terminated prior to the expiration of the stipulated period provided that the master and the seaman a mutually consent thereto and b reduce their consent in writing marsaman v nlrc CAJERAS GR No 127195 25 August 1999 16 Employment contract 17 Whether employed locally or overseas all Filipino workers enjoy the protective mantle of Philippine labor and social legislation contract stipulations to the contrary notwithstanding This pronouncement is in keeping with the basic public policy of the State to afford protection to labor promote full employment ensure equal work opportunities regardless of sex race or creed and regulate the relations between workers and employers PNB vs CABANSAG GR No 157010 21 June 2005 17 Employment contract 18 REPATRIATION If the vessel is outside the Philippines upon the expiration of the contract the seafarer shall continue his service on board until the vessels arrival at a convenient port andor after arrival of the replacement crew provided that in any case the continuance of such service shall not exceed three months The seafarer shall be entitled to earned wages and benefits as provided in his contract UNICA vs ANSCOR SWIRE SHIP MANAGEMENT CORPORATION GR No 184318 12 Feb 2014 18 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT 19 Clearly the agency and Modern Metal committed a prohibited practice and engaged in illegal recruitment under the law Article 34 of the Labor Code provides Art 34 Prohibited Practices It shall be unlawful for any individual entity licensee or holder of authority x x x x i To substitute or alter employment contracts approved and verified by the Department of Labor from the time of actual signing thereof by the parties up to and including the periods of expiration of the same without the approval of the Secretary of Labor 19 Alteration of an employment contract 20 Further Article 38 of the Labor Code as amended by RA 8042 defined illegal recruitment to include the following act i To substitute or alter to the prejudice of the worker employment contracts approved and verified by the Department of Labor and Employment from the time of actual signing thereof by the parties up to and including the period of the expiration of the same without the approval of the Department of Labor and Employment PERTCPM MANPOWER EXPONENT COvs VINUYA etal GR No 197528 05 September 2012 20 Alteration of an employment contract 21 RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEE 1Just and humane condition of work 2Living wageminimum wage 3Hours of work 4 Days of rest 5Freedom of Associationorganization 6Social Security Protection 7Freedom of religion or belief 8Freedom of expression 9Access to justice and remedies 10 Security of Tenure 22 A SECURITY OF TENURE Refers to the right of an employee to keep his job and not to be terminated except only for causes allowed under the law security of tenure refers to the right of an employee not to be terminated from employment unless hisher termination is for a just and authorized cause and effected after compliance with due process of law 23 CONDITIONS FOR THE RIGHT TO SECURITY OF TENURE TO APPLY Existence of employeremployee relationship Just and authorized causes Due process is the right to be heard 24 IV TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT 25 Resignation Abandonment 25 TERMINATION BY EMPLOYEE 26 Resignation is the voluntary act of an employee who is in a situation where one believes that personal reasons can not be sacrificed in favor of the exigency of the service and one has no other choice but to dissociate oneself from employment It is a formal pronouncement or relinquishment of an office with the intention of relinquishing the office accompanied by the act of relinquishment 26 RESIGNATION CONCEPT 27 An employee voluntarily resigns when he finds himself in a situation where he believes that personal reasons can not be sacrificed in favor of the exigency of the service thus he has no other choice but to disassociate himself from his employment 27 RESIGNATION CONCEPT 28 Records show that upon his repatriation from Taiwan respondent immediately went to petitioners office and confronted its representative Lorenza Ching about the assignment given to him which was contrary to the agreed position of caretaker for which he specifically applied He demanded that he be reimbursed the P30000 he paid as downpayment When refused he lodged a complaint with the POEA He also immediately filed a complaint for illegal dismissal before Labor Arbiter Cresencio R Iniego upon his arrival in his hometown indicating that respondent did not voluntarily resign but was forced to resign which was tantamount to a dismissal11 29 In case of termination of overseas employment without just valid or authorized cause as defined by law or contract the worker shall be entitled to the full reimbursement of his placement fee with interest at twelve percent 12 per annum plus his salaries for the unexpired portion of his employment contract or for three 3 months for every year of the unexpired term whichever is less 29 Section 10 of RA No 8042 or The Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 30 In case of termination of overseas employment without just valid or authorized cause as defined by law or contract the worker shall be entitled to the full reimbursement of his placement fee with interest at twelve percent 12 per annum plus his salaries for the unexpired portion of his employment contract or for three 3 months for every year of the unexpired term whichever is less 30 Section 10 of RA No 8042 or The Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 31 JUST CAUSE refers to a wrongdoing committed by the employee on the basis of which the aggrieved party may terminate the employer employee relationship AUTHORIZED CAUSE refers to a cause brought about by changing economic or business conditions of the employer 31 TERMINATION BY EMPLOYER 32 Furthermore Morales was not accorded due process Under Article 277b of the Labor Code the employer must send the employee who is about to be terminated a written notice stating the causes for termination and must give the employee the opportunity to be heard and to defend himself There was no showing that Al Sandos warned Morales of her alleged poor performance Likewise Morales was not served the first notice apprising her of the particular acts or omissions on which her dismissal was based together with the opportunity to explain her side The only notice given to Morales was the 33 Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful orders of his employer or representative in connection with his work Gross and habitual neglect by the employee of his duties 33 JUST CAUSES OF TERMINATION 34 Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful orders of his employer or representative in connection with his work Gross and habitual neglect by the employee of his duties 34 JUST CAUSES OF TERMINATION 35 Fraud or willful breach by the employee of the trust reposed in him by his employer or duly authorized representative Commission of a crime or offense by the employee against the person of his employer or any immediate member of his family or his duly authorized representatives and Other causes analogous to the foregoing 35 JUST CAUSES OF TERMINATION 36 Misconduct is improper or wrong conduct It is the transgression of some established and definite rule of action a forbidden act a dereliction of duty willful in character and implies wrongful intent and not mere error in judgment The misconduct to be serious must be grave and aggravated in character and not mere trivial or unimportant Misconduct must be in connection with the work of the employee to constitute just cause for his separation Sexual Harassment is a serious misconduct 36 SERIOUS MISCONDUCT 37 In order that willful disobedience by an employee may constitute a just cause for terminating his employment the orders regulations or instructions of the employer or representative must be 1 reasonable and lawful 2 sufficiently known to the employee and 3 in connection with the duties which the employee has been engaged to discharge 37 WILLFUL DISOBEDIENCE 38 Neglect of duties must not only be gross but also habitual Gross negligence means absence of that diligence that an ordinary prudent man would use in his own affairs Gross and habitual neglect by the employee of his duties tends to prejudice the employers interest EXAMPLE ABANDONMENT 38 NEGLECT OF DUTIES 39 Fraud is any act or omission or concealment which involves a breach of legal duty trust or confidence justly reposed and is injurious to another Fraud must be committed against the employer or representative and in connection with the employees work There should be willfulness or wrongful intent 39 FRAUD 40 Employee concerned holds a position of trust and confidence It is the breach of this trust that results in the employers loss of confidence in the employee Personnel occupying positions of responsibility like cashiers managers supervisors salesmen bank tellers and the like 40 LOSS OF CONFIDENCE 41 Employees commission of a crime or offense against a the person of his employer or bany immediate member of the family by affinity or consanguinity within the fourth civil degree 41 COMMISSION OF A CRIME OR OFFENSE 42 Introduction of labor saving device Redundancy Retrenchment Closure or Cessation not due to serious business losses Disease 42 AUTHORIZED CAUSES 43 AUTOMATION is the reduction of the number of workers in a company made necessary by the introduction of machinery with a view to effecting more economy and efficiency in its method of production 43 AUTOMATION OR INTRODUCTION OF LABOR SAVING DEVICE 44 Redundancy exist where the services of an employee are in excess of what is reasonably demanded by the actual requirements of the enterprise 44 REDUNDANCY 45 Retrenchment to prevent losses 1losses expected should be substantial and not merely de minimis in extent 2 substantial loss must be imminent 3 reasonable necessary and likely to prevent the expected losses 4 expected imminent losses must be proven by sufficient and convincing evidence 45 RETRENCHMENT 46 CESSATION OF OR WITHDRAWAL FROM BUSINESS OPERATIONS MUST BE DONE IN GOOD FAITH AND WITH VALID REASON 46 CLOSURECESSATION OF BUSINESS NOT DUE TO BUSINESS LOSSES 47 The employee is found to be suffering from disease and employees continued employment is prohibited by law or is prejudicial to his health as well as to the health of his co employees REQUIREMENTS A the disease can not be cured within a period of six 6months despite proper medical treatment and B certification by a competent public physician 47 DISEASE AS A GROUND FOR TERMINATION 48 Money claims under RA10022 Section 3Joint and Several Liability The liability of the principalemployer and the recruitmentplacement agency on any and all claims under this Rule shall be joint and several This liability shall be incorporated in the contract for overseas employment and shall be a condition precedent for its approval The performance bond to be filed by the recruitment placement agency as provided by law shall be answerable for all money claims or damages that may be awarded to the workers If the recruitmentplacement agency is a juridical being the corporate officers and directors and partners as the case 49 Section 5Effect of Illegal Termination andor Deduction In case of termination of overseas employment without just valid or authorized cause as defined by law or contract or any unauthorized deduction from the migrant workers salary the worker shall be entitled to the full reimbursement of his placement fee with interest of twelve per cent 12 per annum plus his salaries for the unexpired portion of his employment contract or three 3 months for every year of the unexpired term whichever is less Money claims under RA10022 50 Section 1Primary Responsibility for Repatriation The repatriation of the worker or hisher remains and the transport of hisher personal effects shall be the primary responsibility of the principal employer or agency that recruited or deployed himher abroad All costs attendant thereto shall be borne by the principal employer or the agency concerned 50 Section 1 Rule XIII of RA No 10022 or The Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 as amended 51 In case of termination of overseas employment without just valid or authorized cause as defined by law or contract the worker shall be entitled to the full reimbursement of his placement fee with interest at twelve percent 12 per annum plus his salaries for the unexpired portion of his employment contract or for three 3 months for every year of the unexpired term whichever is less Italics ours 51 Section 10 of RA No 8042 or The Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 52 SINGLE ENTRY APPROACH SENA Issuances DOLE Department Order No 10710 Rules of Procedure on SEnA Republic Act No 10396 An Act Strengthening ConciliationMediation As A Voluntary Mode Of Dispute Settlement For All Labor Cases Amending For This Purpose Article 228 Of Presidential Decree No 442 As Amended Otherwise Known As The Labor Code Of The Philippines 53 whatever you do work at it with all your heart as working for the lord not for men COL 323 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING GOD BLESS

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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October

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Software

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the

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Thing

Build

the

Thing

Right

Deliver

Learn

October

PoppendieckLLC

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Build

Quality

In

Every

software

development

process

ever

invented

has

had

the

same

primary

goal

find

and

fix

defects

as

early

in

the

development

process

as

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If

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finding

defects

at

the

end

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the

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your

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How

good

are

youWhen

in

your

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systemWhat

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October

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Debt

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change

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Code

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October

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October

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October

PoppendieckLLC

Model

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October

PoppendieckLLC

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October

PoppendieckLLC

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Thank

You

More

Information

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O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O

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1 of 58 Contacts and contours 14209 views Download Sahal Abu Working at Student Follow Published on Nov 26 2014 Procedure for class II restoration Published in Health Medicine Contacts and contours 1 SEMINAR ON CONTACTS AND CONTOURS Presented By Sahal Abu Final Year BDS 2 Introduction Contours Contours of the facial and lingual surface Problems of over or under contouring of the facial and lingual surface Contours on the proximal surface Proximal contact Importance of contact Size of contact Embrasures Procedures for developing correct contact and contour 3 INTRODUCTION A healthy dentition comprises of fully erupted teeth with proper occlusal and proximal contacts that help to stabilize and maintain the integrity of the arch All the teeth have tendency toward mesial drift which is primarily resisted by contact point of adjacent teeth Decay in the proximal surface occurs mainly due to faulty interrelationship between contact area marginal ridges embrasures and gingiva A clinicians role is to reestablish the original or correct the faulty contact to form physiologically stable contact inabilty to restore this relationship disrupts harmony and can result in deleterious consequences like food impaction cariesdrifting tilting or 4 CONTOURS All teeth have some specific convexity on the facial lingual proximal and occlusal surface of teeth that afford the protection and stimulation of the supporting tissues during mastication This convexity are called contours TYPES Faciolingual contour Proximal contour Occlusal contour 5 Contours on the facial and lingual surface Facial surface cervical one third of all teeth Lingual surface cervical one third of incisor and canines Middle one third of the premolar and molar 6 Problems of over or under contouring of the facial and lingual surface Over contoured restoration They deflect food from the gingiva causing poor gingival stimulation The gingiva become flabby red and chronically inflamed due to increased plaque retention Under contoured restoration This result in irritation and trauma to the attachment apparatus 7 Contours on the proximal surface Teeth show convexities on the distal and mesial surface The area with maximum convexity on the proximal surface is called the proximal height of contour Proximal height of contour responsible for the creation of the aProximal contact bEmbrasure space 8 Proximal contact Proximal convexity of the teeth create area of contact between adjacent teeth with in the same arch These are called proximal contact area Initially as teeth erupt the teeth contact each other at a pointpoint contact With the passage of time physiologic tooth movement causes frictional wear enlarging the contact point to contact area 9 Importance of contact Preserves the stability and integrity of the arch by maintaining normal mesio distal relation ship of teeth Prevent food impaction interdentally Protect the soft tissue from periodontal disease conserve the teeth from proximal caries Premature restorative failure does not occur if stable proximal contact is present 10 Size of contact Anteriorly contact point Posteriorly contact area about 152mm LOCATION OF CONTACT Anterior teeth incisal one third Posteriorly junction of incisal and middle one third 11 Embrasures Embrasures are v shaped spaces present interproximally around the proximal contact existing between the adjacent teeth Types 1Buccal embrasure 2Lingual embrasure 3Incisalocclusal embrasure 4Gingival embrasure 12 Functions of Embrasures 1Serve as spillways for the escape of food during mastication 2 Prevent trapping of food in to the contact area 3Protect the underlying supporting tissue during mastication 13 Problems associated with faulty reproduction of contacts in restoration Improper contact size Too broad contact It will change the tooth anatomy It will change the interdental col by broadening it The delicate non keratinized epithelium may get damaged increasing the chance of periodontal tissue With too broad contact the interdental area is difficult to clean increase the risk of future decay 14 Too Narrow contact It will change the tooth anatomy The embrasure size will increase leading to impaction of food vertically and horizontally thereby damaging periodontal tissue 15 Improper contact location If Contact are placed Too occlusally It will cause flattening of marginal ridges resulting in too shallow occlusal embrasure Too buccallylingually will encroach upon the respective embrasure Too gingivally will reduce the size of gingival embrasure and encroach upon interdental gingiva 16 Open contact Open contacts would create the problem ready inflow of food causing accumulation of debris plaque and damage to the periodontal disease 17 Procedures for developing correct contact and contour To create proper contact and contour with any restorative material the teeth have to be first separated and then a temporary wall created to support the restorative material in plastic stage Tooth separation to create space between adjoining teeth Matrix application on the prepared proximal side 18 RAPID SEPARATION This is immediate type of separation This type of tooth movement involves separation of teeth proximally at the point of insertion of separator The amount of separation produced should not exceed 0205mm Rapid separation can be done by two method a Wedge method b Traction method 19 Wedge method of separation In this method space is created by inserting wedge shaped device between the teeth There are two types of separator 1Wooden Plastic wedges 2Elliot separator 20 Classification of Wedges 1 On the basis of method of fabrication a Custom made wedges b Pre fabricated wedges 2 On the basis of material used for fabrication a Wooden wedges b Plastic or synthetic resin wedges 21 Custom made wedges These are made by trimming wood or plastic material in triangular shape to mach that of embrasure Trimming can be done by scalpel gold knife or diamond stone 22 Wooden wedges These wedges are made from wood It may be soft and resilient or hard they are easy to trim and shape They absorb water interiorly and swell up which causes them to press more press against the matrix there by improving their retention They are available in two shape Triangular shape Round shape 23 Triangular Shape Wedges These are most commonly used Indicated in cavities with deep gingival margin The apex lies below the contact area The side of the triangle should be match with mesial and distal embrasure Round shape wedges Used to depress the rubber dam They are preferred in ideal class II cavities preparation as wedging action close to the gingival margin 24 Prefabricated wedges They are in triangular in shape and supplied in different size Their shape should modified by trimming to exactly meet that of the gingival embrasure 25 Light transmitting wedges These are transparent plastic wedges which are available in with built in light reflecting property Indication Class II composite restoration These light transmitting wedges help to assist in directing light into inter proximal areas during initial stages of class II composite curing 26 Synthetic Resin Plastic Wedges They are commonly available different color and size They have to be trimmed or plastically molded and bent according to the shape of the inter dental col 27 Technique of wedge insertion Select appropriate wedge modify its shape according to the shape of the embrasure Length of the wedge should half of an inch Grasp the wedges with help of pliers and insert pointed tip from facial or lingual embrasure whichever is larger Wedge should come to lie slightly gingival to the gingival margin of the proximal cavity pressing the band tightly against the tooth Once placed it should be firm and stable Test tightness of the wedge with an explorer the explorer is pressed against the matrix to the margin 28 Piggy Back Wedging Useful in cases with gingival recession of interproximal tissue In such cases when the wedge lies in the apical margin of proximal cavity another wedge smaller in size is piggy backed on the first one to fill the space and press the matrix band against the margin 29 Double wedging This method used in case of wide faciolingual proximal box In such cases two wedges are inserted one from facial and other from lingual embrasure 30 Wedge Wedging Used in maxillary surface of first premolar where a concavity may be present on the proximal surface of the contact and extending to the root as groove In such case to wedge a matrix band tight against the tooth a second wedge may inserted between first and band 31 Functions of wedges They create space between teeth to compensate the thickness of matrix band Immobilize the matrix band Closely press the matrix band against the tooth in the gingival area of the preparation preventing any restorative material escaping below the band Maintaining the health of interdental gingiva by preventing material from impinging Protect the gingiva from unexpected truma 32 Elliot separator It is also called crab claw separator It is mainly used for short duration separation such as 1 Examination of proximal surface 2 Final polishing of already restored proximal surface 33 Traction Method It is a method of rapid separation in which the teeth are mechanically moved apart The mechanical devices which are used for the purpose are engaged on the proximal surfaces of teeth by means of holding arm and the teeth are clamped Teeth are physically separated as the nut is turned by the wrench Example Ferrier double bow separator 34 Matricing Is a procedure by which a temporary wall is created opposite to axial wall that surrounds the area of the tooth structure which was lost during tooth preparation 35 Matrix Is a device which used to confine and give shape to the restorative material during its introduction and hardening the matrix assembly consist of two parts Matrix band Matrix retainer 36 Matrix band It is a false wall in the form of thin piece of metal or other material replacing the missing wall in cavity preparation it may be of different material such as stainless steel toffelemireivory bands coppercopper bandscelluloidtransparent strips The height of the band should be such that it extend 2mm above the marginal ridge and 1mm below gingival margin of the preparation Matrix retainer it is an instrument used to hold matrix band in position 37 Ideal requirements of Matrix It should be simple in design It should be easily applied and readily removed It should be rigid enough to withstand condensation pressure preventing the restorative material bulging out It should be able to adapt with the shape and position of different types of tooth It should be non reactive to the tissue and restorative material It should be inexpensive and readily available It should be easy to sterilize 38 Functions of Matrix It act as a temporary supporting wall It confines the restorative material and allow it to acquire proper shape and form as it harden It retracts the gingiva and rubber dam as the restorative material packed in the cavity It helps to establish the proper contact and contours 39 Classification of Matrix Band ADepending upon the composition of band material i Stainless steal egToffelemireivory no1 and no8 ii Copper eg Copper band iii Cellulose acetate egcellophane transparent strips 40 B Depending upon the method of retention i Using retainers Toffelemeire Ivory no1and8 bands ii Retainer less band Copper band automatrix C Depending upon the preparation i Mechanical matrix egtoffelemire retainer ivory no1and8 ii Custom made anatomic matrix eg compound sectional metal strips 41 Toffelemire retainer It is a versatile type of matrix retainer It is also referred to as universal matrix it was designed by BR Toffelemire Advantages Its main advantage is that it can be placed on the buccal or lingual side of tooth as per requirement It is very stable when in position 42 Indication It is ideally indicated for MOD cavities Class II cavities Class I cavities with buccal and lingual extensions 43 Parts of Toffelemire retainer HEAD This part accommodate the matrix band It is U shaped with two slots The open side of the band should be held facing upward when the band is inserted and while positioning the band around the tooth the slot in the head should be directed gingivally The head maybe straight or angulated with respected to rest of retainer Accordingly there are two types Straight toffelemire retainer Contra angled toffelemire retainer 44 Locking vice This has a diagonal slot The locking vice is positioned near the head for the placing the band in the retainer and positioning it around the tooth Pointed spindle This is used to adjust the distance between the head and locking vice and also adjust the size of matrix band 45 Small knurled nut Turning this nut clockwise tightens the pointed spindle against the band and thus secure the band in the retainer The reverse motion release the pointed spindle from locking vise thus releasing the band from the retainer Large knurled nut This is used to adjust the size of the loop of the matrix band either to adapt or to loosen from the tooth 46 Ivory no1 matrix The matrix consist of a stainless steel band which encircles the proximal surface of posterior tooth This is attached to the retainer via a wedge shaped projection An adjusting screw at the end of the retainer adapts the band to the proximal contours of the prepared tooth Indication For restoring UL ClassII cavity when the contact on the unprepared side is very tight 47 Ivory No 8 This matrix consist of a band that encircle the entire crown of the tooth The circumference of the band can be adjusted by the adjusting screw present in the retainer Indications For restoring Class II cavities on one or both proximal surface of posterior teeth 48 Copper band matrix They are cylindrical in shape and can be selected according to the diameter of the tooth to be restored the band are softened by heating in flame and quenching in water For badly broken down teeth especially those receiving pin amalgam restoration For complex situation like ClassII cavities with large buccal or lingual extension Advantages Provide excellent contour Disadvantages Time consuming 49 Precontoured metal matrix strips with metal rings This consist of small precontoured soft metal matrices ready for application of the tooth They are selected according to the tooth to be restored wedged to adapt to the gingival contour This metal band held in place by metal ring called BiTine Ring INDICATION for small class 11 cavities involving proximal surfaces in posterior tooth for both amalgam composite restoration 50 Advantages ease of application metal ring also afford slight tooth sepration provide better proximal contour for posterior composite restoration than traditional matrices Disadvantage expensive matrix band become bended easily especially if the contact area of the adjuscent tooth is too close preventing easy insertion of the band 51 T BAND MATRIX This is a preformed stainless steel matrix band without retainer INDICATION For class 1 cavities involving one or both proximal surface of posteriors ADVANTAGES simple inexpensive matrix band system rapid easy to apply 52 AUTOMATRIX Is a retainer less matrix system designed for any tooth regardless of its circumference and height Components 1 Auto matrix band available in three widths 316th inch 14th inch 516th inch 2 Automate 11 tightening device Adjust loop of band according to circumference of the tooth to be restored 3 Shielded nippers Used to cut auto lock loop so that band can be separated remove from the tooth 53 Indication Complex amalgam restoration especially when one or more cusp are to be replaced Advantages Convenient to be use Improved visibility due to lack of interference from a retainer Rapid application Disadvantage Band are flat so difficult to burnish Can not develop proper proximal contact contour Expensive 54 Preformed transparent cervical matrix These are commercially available in various contour for use in anterior posterior tooth INDICATION For class v restoration with composite resin For resin modified glass ionomer restoration ADVANTAGES Provide good contour for the restoration DISADVANTAGES Expensive 55 Conclusion It is essential to have adequate knowledge about the anatomical and functional aspects of contacts and contours so as to reproduce them with ideal restorative material which will help o maintain the oral cavity in sound health

O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I I O B O O B I O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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1 of 27 Carbohydrates 105407 views Download Dr Syed Ismail Ibrahim Professor Follow Published on Dec 4 2013 Published in Technology Business Carbohydrates 1 Carbohydrates Compiled and Edited by Dr Syed Ismail Associate Professor SSAC College of Agriculture VN MKV Parbhani 1 2 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are broadly defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones and their derivatives or as substances that yields one of these compounds Composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen Functional groups present include hydroxyl groups ose indicates sugar 2 3 Carbohydrates are the most abundant of all the organic compounds in nature In plants energy from the Sun is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into the carbohydrate glucose Many of the glucose molecules are made into longchain polymers of starch that store energy About 65 of the foods in our diet consist of carbohydrates Each day we utilize carbohydrates in foods such as bread pasta potatoes and rice Other carbohydrates called disaccharides include sucrose table sugar and lactose in milk During digestion and cellular metabolism carbohydrates are converted into glucose which is oxidized further in our cells to 4 Function of Carbohydrates in Cells Major source of energy for the cell Major structural component of plant cell Immediate energy in the form of GLUCOSE Reserve or stored energy in the form of GLYCOGEN Compiled and Edited by DrSyed IsmailMAU Parbhani 4 5 Classification of Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of subunits that make them up 3 Types of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Trisaccharides Tetrasaccharides Polysaccharides Compiled and Edited by DrSyed IsmailMAU Parbhani 5 6 Monosaccharides are simple sugars or the compounds which possess a free aldehyde CHO or ketone CO group and two or more hydroxyl OH groups They are the simplest sugars and can not be hydrolysed further into smaller units Monosaccharides contain a single carbon chain and are classified on the basis of number of carbon atoms they possess and as aldoses or ketoses depending upon their groups 6 7 Monosaccharides Classification by Carbon Atoms Sugar Structure formula Aldoses Ketoses 1 Triose C3H6O3 Glyceraldehydes Dehydroxy acetone 2 Tetroses C4H8O4 Erythrose Threose Erthrulose 3 Pentoses C5H10O5 Xylose Ribose Arabinose Ribulose 4 Hexoses C6H12O6 Glucose Galactose Mannose Fructose 7 8 Monosaccharides Glucose Hexoses Dglucose dextrose Blood sugar Fructose Seldom occurs freely in nature The sweetest of all sugars 15 X sweeter than Binds with glucose to form sugar sucrose in milk lactose Once absorbed by the body Occurs naturally in fruits and galactose is converted to glucose honey the fruit sugar to provide energy Galactose The essential energy source for all body functions Other names Dextrose and Blood Sugar A component of each disaccharide Dgalactose Compiled and Edited by DrSyed IsmailMAU Parbhani Dfructose Levulose Fruit sugar 8 9 Steriochemistry Optical isomers enantiomers differ from each other in the disposition of the various atoms or groups of atoms in space around the asymmetric carbon atom These are in fact the mirror image of each other These may also be likened to left and righthanded gloves One form in which H atom at carbon 2 is projected to the left side and OH group to the right is designated as Dform and the other form where H atom is projected to the right side and OH group to the left is called as Lform note the use of small capital 10 DAldoses containing three four five and six atoms 10 11 Properties of monosaccharides 1 Mutarotation when a monosaccharide is dissolved in water the optical rotatory power of the solution gradually changes until it reaches a constant value For ex when Dglucose is dissolved in water a specific rotation of 1122o is obtained but this slowly changes so that at 24h the value has become 527o This gradual change in specific rotation is known as mutarotation This phenomenon is shown by number of pentoses hexoses and reducing disaccharides 2 Glucoside formation when Dglucose solution is treated with methanol and HCl two compounds are formed these are α and βD glucosides Thus 12 ii With strong Oxidizing agent like Conc HNO3 Both aldehyde or ketone groups are oxidized to yield dicarboxylic acids iii Oxidation with metal hydroxides Metal hydroxides like CuOH2 Ag OH oxidize free aldehyde or ketone group of mutarotating sugar and reduce themselves to lower oxides of free metals Reduction The aldehyde or ketone group present can be reduced to its respective alcohol with sodium amalgum For ex Fructose and glucose give the hexahydric alcohol ie Sorbitol and Mannitol Dehydration The monosaccharides when treated with Conc H2SO4 it get dehydrated to from 5 hydroxyl methyl furfural derivative Methylation or Esterification The 13 Carbohydrates with free carbonyl groups or in hemiacetal form give positive tests to Benedicts and Fehlings reagents without having been hydrolyzed are referred as reducing sugars others ie the acetal types are then nonreducing sugars 14 Oligosaccharides These are compound sugars that yield 2 to 10 molecules of the same or different monosaccharides on hydrolysis Accordingly an oligosaccharide yielding 2 molecules of monosaccharide on hydrolysis is designated as a disaccharide and the one yielding 3 molecules of monosaccharide as a trisaccharide and so on Disaccharides Sucrose Lactose Maltose Cellobiose Trehalose Gentiobiose Melibiose Trisaccharides Rhamninose Gentianose Raffinose Melitose Rabinose Melezitose Tetrasaccharides Stachyose Scorodose Pentasaccharide Verbascose The molecular composition of the 3 legume oligosaccharides viz raffinose stachyose and verbascose is shown below αGalactose 16 αGlucose 12 βFructose Raffinose αGalactose 16 αGalactose 16 αGlucose 12 βFructose Stachyose αGalactose 16 15 Disaccharides Composed of 2 monosaccharides cells can make disaccharides by joining two monosaccharides by biosynthesis Glucose fructose sucrose Table sugar Found naturally in plants sugar cane sugar beets honey maple syrup Sucrose may be purified from plant sources into Brown White and Powdered Sugars Glucose galactose lactose The primary sugar in milk and milk products Many people have problems digesting large amounts of lactose lactose intolerance Glucose glucose Maltose Produced when starch breaks down Used naturally in fermentation reactions of alcohol and beer manufacturing 15 16 Trisaccharides Composed of three monosaccharide ex Raffinose Formed by one mole of each ie glu fruc galac Tetrasaccharides ex Stachyose composed of two moles of galactose one mole of glu one mole of fruct 16 17 Polysaccharides Containing 10 or more monosaccharide units attached together Examples 1 Starch digestible 2 Glycogen digestible 3 Fiber indigestible Long chains of glucose units form these polysaccharides Cellulose gives structure to plants fiber to our diet Glycogen is an energy storage sugar produced by animals Liver cells synthesize glycogen after a meal to maintain blood glucose levels Compiled and Edited by DrSyed IsmailMAU Parbhani 17 18 A great majority of carbohydrates of nature occur as polysaccharides Chemically the polysaccharides may be distinguished into homopolysaccharides which yield on hydrolysis a single monosaccharide and heteropolysaccharides which produce a mixture of monosaccharides on hydrolysis Based on their functional aspect the polysaccharides may be grouped under two heads a Nutrient or digestible polysaccharides These act as metabolic reserve of monosaccharides in plants and animals eg starch glycogen and inulin b Structural or indigestible polysaccharides These serve as rigid mechanical structures in plants and animals egcellulose pectin and chitin and also hyaluronic acid and chondroitin 19 Types of Polysaccharides 1 Starch The major digestible polysaccharide in our diet The storage form of carbohydrate in plants Sources Wheat rice corn rye barley potatoes tubers yams etc Two types of plant starch 1 Amylose 2 Amylopectin 19 20 Amylose is in the form of straight chain linked together with α 14 linkages indicating 300 5500 glucose units per molecules molecular wt range from 105 to 106 Generally it is water soluble and gives blue colour with iodine Amylopectins It contain beside straight chain several branched chains which are arranged in α14 and β16 linkage units one molecule of amylopectin contains 50000 to 500000 glucose molecules molecular wt range from 107 to 108 it is insoluble in water and gives purple colour with iodine 20 21 Types of Polysaccharides 2 Cellulose form cell walls in plant cells also called fiber or ruffage indigestible by humans Compiled and Edited by DrSyed Ismail MAU Parbhani 21 22 Types of Polysaccharides 3 Glycogen The storage form of glucose in the body Stored in the liver and muscles Found in tiny amounts in meat sources Not found in plants Not a significant food source of carbohydrate 22 23 Some clinical concepts Glucose is the most important energy source of carbohydrates to the mammals except ruminants The bulk of dietary carbohydrate starch is digested and finally absorbed as glucose into the body Dextrose glucose in solution in dextrorotatory form is frequently used in medical practice Fructose is abundantly found in the semen which is utilized by the sperms for energy Several diseases are associated with carbohydrates eg diabetes mellitus glycogen storage diseases galactosemia Accumulation of sorbitol and dulcitol in the tissues may cause certain pathological conditions eg cataract nephropathy The nondigestible carbohydrate cellulose plays a significant role in human 24 Further readings Jain JL 2005 Fundamentals of Biochemistry S Chand Company Ltd Ram nagar New Delhi India Karen C Timberlake 2012 Chemistry An Introduction to General Organic and Biological Chemistry 11th ed Publishing as Prentice Hall in the United States of America Satyanarayana U 2007 Biochemistry Books and Allied P Ltd Kolkata India Compiled and Edited by Dr Syed Ismail VNMKV Parbhani 25 Thank You Recommended Teaching Techniques Blended Learning Online Course LinkedIn Learning PowerPoint 2016 Shortcuts Online Course LinkedIn Learning Measuring Learning Effectiveness Online Course LinkedIn Learning Carbohydrate presentation Christy Grissom Cheshire Chemistry of carbohydrate for MBBS students Herat Soni Carbohydrates Kate Alyssa Caton Polysaccharides Namrata Chhabra MD Carbohydrate Chemistry Ashok Katta Carbohydrate Jayesh Patidar Carbohydrates clairebloom

O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O


18 x 18 SignatureSign Drive Slowly Children Playing children playing symbol Stylish sign sends a message to drive slowly based on 3 customer reviews Header 18 x 18 SignatureSign Legend Drive Slowly Children Playing children playing symbol Part K4887 Shape Signature Select Color 0115 Signature Parking Signs Dont settle for a generic sign shape and design Upscale designs are the favorite of architects and designers Select Color Green Reversed Green Normal Burgundy Reversed Burgundy Normal Product Description Stylish Drive Slowly signs add a distinctive and professional touch Price List Material Size Ship by date Quantity Price Per Sign fewer Designer Signs 1 5 20 40 3M Reflective Aluminum HIP 18 x 18 Jan 8 3524 3347 3229 3112 Material Features Spot signs at night 3M High Intensity HIP grade reflectivity 80 mils thick aluminum Durable for over 10 years outdoors Special pricing More Material Details Mouse over icons for more details 168ºF Package 1 Sign Sign Quantity Adder 3M SmartShield POF Laminate Superior protection against Fading and Graffiti 1524 for 1 Sign Total 1 Sign 3524 Standard Aluminum 18 x 18 3759 3465 3347 3229 Companion Products 4 Tip n Roll Sidewalk Portable Pole Sign Economy Tip n Roll Portable Sign Base Pole 4 Tall Size 24 diameter base 48 tall pole Part KRoll1000 Package 1 Base Price per Base 1 8999 050 Quantity Base Min Order 1 Base 8 Tall HighStrength Baked Enamel Post with bolts nuts Heavy Duty High Strength UChannel Sign Posts 8 tall 3116 Wide Size 8 Post Part K1538K Package 1 Post Price per Post 1 2 3 5 20 40 5288 5147 5029 4782 4659 4288 0114 Quantity Post Min Order 1 Post Similar Products Forgot something Check out a few more signs labels or accessories Browse our designs below for details on available sizes and materials Customer Reviews 50 Based on 3 ratings 5 Star 3 Rate It Have you purchased this item Write A Review TAJ Jun 22 2018 Size 18 x 18 Material Type Aluminum Signature Designer Signs Verified Purchase Children playing Very nice looking signs No damage to the signs during shipping Rebecca Apr 23 2018 Size 18 x 18 Material Type Aluminum Signature Designer Signs Verified Purchase Perfect for the front of our driveway It looks really nice on our black iron gate at the front of our property Good size and reflective at night as well

O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Member Login Member Login Remember Me Create an account Forgot your username Forgot your password My Services My Profile My Newsletters Grow My Business Become paidup member My Action Plan Register on Business Directory Market My Event Edit My Business Listing Growing startup small and medium sized enterprises into large corporations Welcome to the SME Association of Zimbabwe website Our mandate is to help startups small and mediumsized businesses to grow into large corporations We also work with large corporations development agencies partners and other organisations interested in working with SMEs affiliates For consumerscustomers our business directory and online shop enables you to find and buy from the best SMEs CUSTOMER Benefits Search for and buy products and services from rated reputable SMEs at the best prices Find reputable SMEs to do business with Guarantees on purchases from our members Use the Escrow service to guarantee performance Find the best SME suppliers SME Core Support Pillars Growth Strategy Formulation Access to markets Access to funding Training Productivity Infrastructure Lobbying Advocacy Become a member today Register as a LARGE CORPORATE Marketing of productsservices to SMEs Product development research Business linkages Access to tenders Microfranchising dealerships Plus much more Work with us as a DEVELOPMENT PARTNER Programproject partnering Capacitybuilding Financing projects Beneficiary mobilisation Women and Youth oriented programs Partnering for growth

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Games to Play Around the Dinner Table Suggestions for every type of dinner party Dinner party Courtesy of Flickr user AmeliaJane By Megan Gambino smithsoniancom December 28 2010 Entertaining friends and family is a big part of the holiday season In my family after we have nibbled on appetizers and enjoyed a meal and the dessert plates have been cleared from the table its game time Literally If you are a game lover or are just looking for some excitement consider playing these gamessome bought some improvisedat your next dinner party Warning Wait 30 minutes after eating before charading Conversation Starters Whether the group youre hosting consists of lifelong friends new acquaintances or a combination of both Table Topics is a game with according to its tag line Questions to Start Great Conversations It is a simple concept The game consists merely of a deck of cards with questions on each and the maker has come out with decks of different themes Dinner Party Not Your Moms Dinner Party and Gourmet among others From the original deck If you could do something dangerous just once with no risk what would you do And from the gourmet deck Which celebrity chef would you most like to fix you a meal Find out things about your friends that you might never have known Another game called the Game of Things takes this idea to the next level A card might say Things people do when no one is looking or Things dogs are actually saying when they bark Each player writes down an answer and the object of the game is to guess who wrote what The board game can be improvised if your group comes up with a pile of Things prompts But I have to say the topics that come with the game generate hilarious answers Trivia There are so many trivia board games out there that you can pretty much play to a common interest of your group If you are all fans of TV shows like The Office or Seinfeld there are games that will challenge you to recall famous quotes and scenes I recently saw a game called Name Chase perfect for history buffs that provides facts and clues about historical figures The fewer clues you need in order to guess the person correctly the higher your score And if you are serious foodies Foodie Fight with over 1000 foodrelated trivia questions might be a good choice TabooStyle Games Catch Phrase has always been a party favorite among my friends The handheld electric game provides a word and in typical Taboo fashion you have to describe the person place or thing without using the word in question in a way that will enable your team to guess it Then you quickly pass it around the room Whichever team has it when the time runs out loses the round Whats great about the game Celebrity is that it requires only some paper and pens Every player submits three or so names of famous people or fictional characters to a hat The group is divided into two teams and the names into two cups Each team has an allotted time say two minutes to pass their cup around and get through as many names as they can In the first round when you draw a name you can give any clues to help your teammates guess Then the names are returned to the cup and in the second round you In my opinion this Celebrity is more entertaining than the version in which each person at the table writes a famous persons name on a postit note sticks it to a neighbors forehead and then asks and answers yesorno questions until everyone discovers their postit identities Easy Classics For the game Psychiatrist one member of the group volunteers to be the psychiatrist and leaves the room while the remaining revelers decide on an ailment The ailment isnt an illness in the traditional sense For instance you may decide that you will all act as if you are the person to your right Then the psychiatrist returns and asks questions until he or she successfully diagnoses the group This last one risks creating some contrived conversation but it can be fun The host of the party pens some outlandish phrases ie I am loose as a goose or It tastes like pickled peppers on strips of paper and hides one or perhaps three ranging from easy to medium to hard under each dinner plate Guests read the phrases to themselves when they sit down to dinner and then the object is to work them into the conversation as naturally as possible Try to call out when you think others are using their assigned phrases and the person able Megan Gambino is an editor and writer for Smithsoniancom and founded Document Deep Dive Previously she worked for Outside magazine in New Mexico Read more from this author Follow megan_gambino Tags Alcohol Food Games and Competition Lucky Foods for the New Year Count Rumford and the History of the Soup Kitchen Comment on this Story Sorry the browser you are using is not currently supported Disqus actively supports the following browsers Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11 Safari bob 6 years ago this is stupid we cant leave the table because we are eating disorder patients Vincci 8 years ago Thanks for sharing those I love Psychiatrist but I find that its only fun when the psychiatrist has not played before This year I was introduced to the game Mafia and we played until we got too good at reading each other Will have to try some of your suggestions next year comments powered by Disqus

B O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Office of the Chaplain and Religious Life Office of the Chaplain and Religious Life Contact Us Our Staff Our Staff Rev Dr Stephen Rankin Chaplain and Minister to the University rankinssmuedu httpstephenrankincom Chaplains TedxSMU Talk The Reverend Dr Stephen Rankin has been involved in higher education for more than 20 years as a professor and a campus minister at Southwestern College in Winfield Kansas and now as Chaplain to the SMU Community Prior to this work he served as pastor in three United Methodist congregations He and his wife Joni provided leadership for an expatriate congregation in Rome Italy A graduate of Kansas State University Steve received his Master of Divinity from Saint Paul School of Theology a Master of Theology from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School and a PhD from the Joint Program in Religious Studies at Northwestern University and GarrettEvangelical Theological Seminary He is an Elder in the North Texas Annual Conference of The United Methodist Church As Chaplain Steves passion is helping students professors and campus ministers engage in thoughtful practices that integrate faith and learning He regularly blogs at httpstephenrankincom He is the author of Aiming at Maturity the Goal of the Christian Life Wipf and Stock Steve and Joni have four grown children and four grandchildren Betty McHone MS LPC Assistant Chaplain and Coordinator of Religious Life bmchonesmuedu Betty a native Texan makes her home in Kaufman Texas with husband Will They are parents to two grown daughters both SMU grads and six grandsons Betty holds a BS in Psychology along with her MS in Counseling both from SMU and is a Licensed Professional Counselor She oversees and convenes the Campus Ministry Council and coordinates SMUs Civil Rights Pilgrimage Betty also offers counseling and collaborates in pastoral initiatives Sungman Tyler Kim MEd Student Life Coordinator sungmanksmuedu Sungman Tyler Kim received his MEd in Higher Education Policy and Leadership in the Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education and Human Development in the summer of 2018 and is excited to be able to continue to work in the lovely campus of SMU Tyler grew up as a missionary kid living in the Philippines for over 18 years and went back to his home country South Korea to get his bachelors degree in political science from Sogang University Personally Tyler identifies as a Third Culture Kid and is passionate about reaching out to other TCKs Contact Us

O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

southern methodist university
rev . dr . stephen rankin


Lyrics Ill find you my friend Linda Leavitt There was this place called the preexistence Where we lived with our friends so dear A council was called and plans were made Free agency is why were here Our Savior said Please find my lost sheep and teach them and bring them home I promised my Savior Id find them And teach them the way to go Ill go and find you my friend Ill help you Our Saviors plan Is the way Please accept me When I find you And well be back with Him someday Remember the worth of souls is great In the light and the sight of God Look and search And teach his sheep To find the Iron Rod Look and search And teach his sheep To find the iron Rod My time has come To teach the gospel There are souls out there who are gold The gospel of Jesus Christ rolls forth And this is what they need to be told And if your joy be great with one soul You have taught and have brought unto me How great will your heart be exalted To bring many unto me Ill go and find you my friend Ill help you Our Saviors plan is the way Please accept me when i find you And well be back with him someday Remember the worth Of souls is great In the light and the sight of God Look and search And teach His sheep To find the Iron Rod Ill go and find you my friend Ill help you Our Saviors plan is the way Please accept me when i find you To find the Iron Rod Report copyright infringement Download Smule Available on the Appstore Get it on Google Play Recordings Ill find you my friend MarLDS 114 5 7mo Ill find you my friend saliebhaby 66 0 1yr Ill find you my friend Ian_Yong 26 0 1yr Ill find you my friend Ian_Yong 8 0 1yr Ill find you my friend GSP_JRFOSUD KeithJackman 33 2 2yr Ill find you my friend Jr_Sat5 tokorua2 23 1 2yr Ill find you my friend Jr_Sat5 Mommyfrogg 18 2 2yr Ill find you my friend Jr_Sat5 o7184 12 1 2yr Ill find you my friend Jr_Sat5 FelixDaGat 26 2 2yr Ill find you my friend Jr_Sat5 LKD03 20 1 2yr

B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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