Convert

JavaScript

string

in

dot

notation

into

an

object

reference

Ask

Question

Given

a

JS

Object

var

obj

a

b

c

and

a

string

ab

how

can

I

convert

the

string

to

dot

notation

so

I

can

go

var

val

objab

If

the

string

was

just

a

I

can

use

obja

but

this

is

more

complex

I

imagine

there

is

some

straightforward

method

but

it

escapes

at

present

javascript

improve

this

question

Quentin

asked

Jun

at

nevf

eval

with

obj

as

context

Andrey

Sidorov

Jun

at

Andrey

eval

is

evil

dont

use

it

Jun

at

FYI

Here

are

some

interesting

speed

tests

I

just

did

jsperfcomdereferenceobjectpropertypathfromstring

James

Wilkins

Oct

at

if

perf

is

a

serious

consideration

and

youre

reusing

the

same

paths

a

lot

eg

inside

an

array

filter

function

use

the

Function

constructor

as

described

in

my

answer

below

When

the

same

path

is

used

thousands

of

times

the

Function

method

can

be

more

than

as

fast

as

evaling

or

splitting

and

reducing

the

path

on

every

dereference

Kevin

Crumley

May

at

related

Fastest

way

to

flatten

unflatten

nested

JSON

objects

Bergi

Dec

at

show

more

comments

Answers

oldest

recent

note

While

Im

flattered

that

this

answer

has

gotten

many

upvotes

I

am

also

somewhat

horrified

If

one

needs

to

convert

dotnotation

strings

like

xabc

into

references

its

probably

a

sign

that

there

is

something

very

wrong

going

on

unless

maybe

youre

performing

some

strange

deserialization

It

is

overkill

because

it

is

unnecessary

metaprogramming

and

also

somewhat

violates

functional

sideeffectfree

coding

style

Also

expect

massive

performance

hits

as

well

if

you

do

this

more

than

you

need

to

eg

as

your

apps

default

form

of

passing

objects

around

and

dereferencing

them

If

for

some

reason

this

is

serverside

js

the

usual

Heres

an

elegant

oneliner

thats

shorter

than

the

other

solutions

function

index

obj

i

return

obj

i

abetc

split

reduce

index

obj

Or

in

ECMAScript

abetc

split

reduce

o

i

o

i

obj

Not

that

I

think

eval

always

bad

like

others

suggest

it

is

though

it

usually

is

nevertheless

those

people

will

be

pleased

that

this

method

doesnt

use

eval

The

above

will

find

objabetc

given

obj

and

the

string

abetc

In

response

to

those

who

still

are

afraid

of

using

reduce

despite

it

being

in

the

standard

edition

here

is

a

twoline

recursive

implementation

function

multiIndex

obj

is

return

is

length

multiIndex

obj

is

is

slice

obj

function

pathIndex

obj

is

return

multiIndex

obj

is

split

pathIndex

abetc

Depending

on

the

optimizations

the

JS

compiler

is

doing

you

may

want

to

make

sure

any

nested

functions

are

not

redefined

on

every

call

via

the

usual

methods

placing

them

in

a

closure

object

or

global

namespace

To

answer

an

interesting

question

in

the

comments

how

would

you

turn

this

into

a

setter

as

well

Not

only

returning

the

values

by

path

but

also

setting

them

if

a

new

value

is

sent

into

the

function

Swader

Jun

at

sidenote

sadly

cant

return

an

object

with

a

Setter

as

that

would

violate

the

calling

convention

commenter

seems

to

instead

be

referring

to

a

general

setterstyle

function

with

sideeffects

like

indexobjabetc

value

doing

objabetc

value

The

reduce

style

is

not

really

suitable

to

that

but

we

can

modify

the

recursive

implementation

function

index

obj

is

value

if

typeof

is

string

return

index

obj

is

split

value

else

if

is

length

value

undefined

return

obj

is

value

else

if

is

length

return

obj

else

return

index

obj

is

is

slice

value

Demo

obj

a

b

etc

index

obj

abetc

index

obj

a

b

etc

works

with

both

strings

and

lists

index

obj

abetc

settermode

third

argument

possibly

poor

form

index

obj

abetc

though

personally

Id

recommend

making

a

separate

function

setIndex

I

would

like

to

end

on

a

sidenote

that

the

original

poser

of

the

question

could

should

be

working

with

arrays

of

indices

which

they

can

get

from

split

rather

than

strings

though

theres

usually

nothing

wrong

with

a

convenience

function

A

commenter

asked

what

about

arrays

something

like

AlexS

Javascript

is

a

very

weird

language

in

general

objects

can

only

have

strings

as

their

property

keys

so

for

example

if

x

was

a

generic

object

like

x

then

would

become

you

read

that

right

yup

Javascript

Arrays

which

are

themselves

instances

of

Object

specifically

encourage

integer

keys

even

though

you

could

do

something

like

x

But

in

general

and

there

are

exceptions

xsomestringxsomestring

when

its

allowed

you

cant

do

Keep

in

mind

that

whatever

JS

compiler

youre

using

might

choose

maybe

to

compile

these

down

to

saner

representations

if

it

can

prove

it

would

not

violate

the

spec

So

the

answer

to

your

question

would

depend

on

whether

youre

assuming

those

objects

only

accept

integers

due

to

a

restriction

in

your

problem

domain

or

not

Lets

assume

not

Then

a

valid

expression

is

a

concatenation

of

a

base

identifier

plus

some

identifier

s

plus

some

stringindex

s

This

would

then

be

equivalent

to

though

we

should

probably

also

support

Youd

have

to

check

the

ecmascript

grammar

section

on

string

literals

to

see

how

to

parse

a

valid

string

literal

Technically

youd

also

want

to

check

unlike

in

my

first

answer

that

a

is

a

valid

javascript

identifier

A

simple

answer

to

your

question

though

if

your

strings

dont

contain

commas

or

brackets

would

be

just

be

to

match

length

sequences

of

characters

not

in

the

set

or

or

match

g

abc

c

def

gh

If

your

strings

dont

contain

escape

characters

or

characters

and

because

IdentifierNames

are

a

sublanguage

of

StringLiterals

I

think

you

could

first

convert

your

dots

to

var

R

demoString

for

var

match

matcher

d

g

match

matcher

exec

demoString

R

push

Array

from

match

slice

filter

x

x

undefined

extremely

bad

code

because

js

regexes

are

weird

dont

use

this

R

abc

c

def

gh

Of

course

always

be

careful

and

never

trust

your

data

Some

bad

ways

to

do

this

that

might

work

for

some

use

cases

also

include

hackishwrongish

preprocess

your

string

into

eg

yourstring

replace

g

replace

g

split

use

code

from

before

Special

edit

Lets

go

fullcircle

and

do

the

most

inefficient

horriblyovermetaprogrammed

solution

we

can

come

up

with

in

the

interest

of

syntactical

purity

hamfistery

With

Proxy

objects

Lets

also

define

some

properties

which

imho

are

fine

and

wonderful

but

may

break

improperlywritten

libraries

You

should

perhaps

be

wary

of

using

this

if

you

care

about

performance

sanity

yours

or

others

your

job

etc

or

just

use

if

Object

defineProperty

Array

prototype

get

return

this

this

length

credit

to

caub

WARNING

THIS

XTREME

RADICAL

METHOD

IS

VERY

INEFFICIENT

ESPECIALLY

IF

INDEXING

INTO

MULTIPLE

OBJECTS

because

you

are

constantly

creating

wrapper

objects

onthefly

and

even

worse

going

through

Proxy

ie

runtime

reflection

which

prevents

compiler

optimization

Proxy

handler

to

override

objobj

and

obj

var

hyperIndexProxyHandler

get

function

obj

key

proxy

return

key

split

reduce

o

i

o

i

obj

set

function

obj

key

value

proxy

var

keys

key

split

var

beforeLast

keys

slice

reduce

o

i

o

i

obj

beforeLast

keys

value

has

function

obj

key

etc

function

hyperIndexOf

target

return

new

Proxy

target

hyperIndexProxyHandler

Demo

var

obj

a

b

c

d

console

log

obj

is

JSON

stringify

obj

var

objHyper

hyperIndexOf

obj

console

log

proxy

override

get

objHyperabc

is

objHyper

abc

objHyper

abc

console

log

proxy

override

set

now

obj

is

JSON

stringify

obj

console

log

behind

the

scenes

objHyper

is

objHyper

if

H

Object

defineProperties

Object

prototype

H

get

function

return

hyperIndexOf

this

TODOcache

as

a

nonenumerable

property

for

efficiency

console

log

shortcut

obj

H

abc

console

log

shortcut

objHabc

is

objabc

is

obj

H

abc

Output

obj

is

proxy

override

get

objHyperabc

is

proxy

override

set

now

obj

is

behind

the

scenes

objHyper

is

Proxy

a

shortcut

shortcut

objHabc

is

objabc

is

inefficient

idea

You

can

modify

the

above

to

dispatch

based

on

the

input

argument

either

use

the

matchg

method

to

support

or

if

instanceof

Array

then

just

accept

an

Array

as

input

like

keys

abc

objHkeys

Per

suggestion

that

maybe

you

want

to

handle

undefined

indices

in

a

softer

NaNstyle

manner

eg

indexabc

axc

return

undefined

rather

than

uncaught

TypeError

This

makes

sense

from

the

perspective

of

we

should

return

undefined

rather

than

throw

an

error

in

the

index

situation

egundefined

so

we

should

return

undefined

rather

than

throw

an

error

in

the

Ndimensional

situation

This

does

not

make

sense

from

the

perspective

that

we

are

doing

xaxc

which

would

fail

with

a

TypeError

in

the

above

example

That

said

youd

make

this

work

by

replacing

your

reducing

function

with

either

oioundefinedundefinedoi

or

oioi

You

can

make

this

more

efficient

by

using

a

for

loop

and

breakingreturning

whenever

the

subresult

youd

next

index

into

is

undefined

or

using

a

trycatch

if

you

expect

things

such

failures

to

be

sufficiently

rare

answered

Jun

at

ninjagecko

reduce

is

not

supported

in

all

currently

used

browsers

Ricardo

Tomasi

Jun

at

Ricardo

Arrayreduce

is

part

of

the

standard

If

you

really

wish

to

support

outdated

browsers

you

can

define

Arrayprototypereduce

to

the

sample

implementation

given

somewhere

eg

developermozillaorgenJavaScriptReferenceGlobal_Objects

ninjagecko

Jun

at

Yes

but

its

easy

enough

to

put

the

two

lines

into

a

function

var

setget

function

obj

path

function

index

robji

return

robji

return

pathsplitreduce

index

obj

nevf

Jun

at

I

love

this

elegant

example

thanks

ninjagecko

Ive

extended

it

to

handle

array

style

notation

as

well

as

empty

strings

see

my

example

here

Jan

at

ninjagecko

how

would

you

turn

this

into

a

setter

as

well

Not

only

returning

the

values

by

path

but

also

setting

them

if

a

new

value

is

sent

into

the

function

Swader

Jun

at

show

more

comments

If

you

can

use

lodash

there

is

a

function

which

does

exactly

that

path

defaultValue

var

val

get

obj

ab

answered

Aug

at

Petar

Ivanov

Note

path

doesnt

break

if

a

path

wasnt

found

abetcsplitreduceoioi

obj

does

For

my

specific

case

not

for

every

case

exactly

what

I

needed

Thanks

Mr

B

Nov

at

MrB

the

latest

version

of

Lodash

has

a

third

optional

argument

for

defaultValue

The

method

returns

the

default

value

if

resolves

to

undefined

so

set

it

to

whatever

you

want

and

watch

for

the

value

you

set

steampowered

Apr

at

For

anyone

wondering

it

also

supports

path

value

Jeffrey

Roosendaal

May

at

A

little

more

involved

example

with

recursion

function

recompose

obj

string

var

parts

string

split

var

newObj

obj

parts

if

parts

parts

splice

var

newString

parts

join

return

recompose

newObj

newString

return

newObj

var

obj

a

b

c

d

a

b

blah

alert

recompose

obj

adab

blah

edited

Jun

at

answered

Jun

at

joekarl

This

is

definitely

an

interesting

approach

McKayla

Jun

at

If

you

expect

to

dereference

the

same

path

many

times

building

a

function

for

each

dot

notation

path

actually

has

the

best

performance

by

far

expanding

on

the

perf

tests

James

Wilkins

linked

to

in

comments

above

var

path

abx

var

getter

new

Function

obj

return

obj

path

getter

obj

Using

the

Function

constructor

has

some

of

the

same

drawbacks

as

eval

in

terms

of

security

and

worstcase

performance

but

IMO

its

a

badly

underused

tool

for

cases

where

you

need

a

combination

of

extreme

dynamism

and

high

performance

I

use

this

methodology

to

build

array

filter

functions

and

call

them

inside

an

AngularJS

digest

loop

My

profiles

consistently

show

the

arrayfilter

step

taking

less

than

to

dereference

and

filter

about

complex

objects

using

dynamicallydefined

paths

levels

deep

A

similar

methodology

could

be

used

to

create

setter

functions

of

course

var

setter

new

Function

obj

newval

obj

path

newval

setter

obj

some

new

val

edited

Jun

at

answered

May

at

Kevin

Crumley

if

you

need

to

dereference

the

same

paths

a

long

time

apart

the

jsperfcom

link

above

shows

an

example

of

how

to

save

and

look

up

the

function

later

The

act

of

calling

the

Function

constructor

is

fairly

slow

so

highperf

code

should

memoize

the

results

to

avoid

repeating

it

if

possible

Kevin

Crumley

May

at

Other

proposals

are

a

little

cryptic

so

I

thought

Id

contribute

Object

prop

function

obj

prop

val

var

props

prop

split

final

props

pop

p

while

p

props

shift

if

typeof

obj

p

undefined

return

undefined

obj

obj

p

return

val

obj

final

val

obj

final

var

obj

a

b

c

get

console

log

Object

prop

obj

ac

set

Object

prop

obj

ac

function

console

log

obj

a

b

c

Function

answered

Jun

at

Ricardo

Tomasi

for

a

nonrecursive

solution

Luke

Mar

at

Many

years

since

the

original

post

Now

there

is

a

great

library

called

objectpath

httpsgithubcommariocasciaroobjectpath

Available

on

NPM

and

BOWER

httpswwwnpmjscompackageobjectpath

Its

as

easy

as

objectPath

get

obj

returns

f

objectPath

set

obj

m

And

works

for

deeply

nested

properties

and

arrays

answered

Nov

at

LPG

var

a

b

c

function

value

layer

path

value

var

i

path

path

split

for

i

path

length

i

if

value

i

path

length

layer

path

i

value

layer

layer

path

i

return

layer

value

a

bc

value

a

bc

value

a

bc

This

is

a

lot

of

code

when

compared

to

the

much

simpler

eval

way

of

doing

it

but

like

Simon

Willison

says

you

should

never

use

eval

Also

JSFiddle

edited

Jun

at

answered

Jun

at

McKayla

Great

this

works

a

treat

and

is

shorter

than

CD

Sanchez

Thanks

nevf

Jun

at

valueabbbbb

does

not

return

undefined

frumbert

Oct

at

I

have

extended

the

elegant

answer

by

ninjagecko

so

that

the

function

handles

both

dotted

andor

array

style

references

and

so

that

an

empty

string

causes

the

parent

object

to

be

returned

Here

you

go

function

object

reference

function

o

ref

i

return

ref

o

o

ref

slice

i

ref

length

function

o

ref

return

ref

split

reduce

o

return

reference

object

reference

split

reduce

object

See

my

working

jsFiddle

example

here

edited

Jan

at

answered

Jan

at

Really

good

solution

There

is

only

one

problem

it

assumes

notation

is

always

for

arrays

there

can

be

object

keys

represented

that

way

as

well

for

example

To

fix

this

I

had

to

update

function

like

this

javascript

function

ref

i

return

ref

o

i

reflengthreplaceg

Serkan

Yersen

Aug

at

Nice

thanks

Serkan

Aug

at

Although

nowadays

I

would

not

do

this

Id

use

Lodash

lodashcomdocsget

Aug

at

Note

if

youre

already

using

Lodash

you

can

use

the

property

or

get

functions

var

obj

a

b

c

property

ab

obj

get

obj

ab

Underscore

also

has

a

property

function

but

it

doesnt

support

dot

notation

edited

Mar

at

answered

Sep

at

Tamlyn

returns

undefined

Lojza

Ibg

Mar

at

Seems

Underscore

doesnt

support

dot

notation

Answer

updated

Tamlyn

Mar

at

you

could

also

use

lodashget

You

just

install

this

package

npm

i

save

lodashget

and

then

use

it

like

this

const

get

require

lodashget

const

myObj

user

firstName

Stacky

lastName

Overflowy

id

console

log

get

myObj

userfirstName

prints

Stacky

console

log

get

myObj

id

prints

You

can

also

update

values

get

myObj

user

firstName

John

answered

Dec

at

DarkCrazy

I

suggest

to

split

the

path

and

iterate

it

and

reduce

the

object

you

have

This

proposal

works

with

a

default

value

for

missing

properties

function

getValue

object

keys

return

keys

split

reduce

function

o

k

return

o

k

object

console

log

getValue

a

b

c

ab

console

log

getValue

a

b

c

foobarbaz

Run

code

snippet

edited

Nov

at

answered

Nov

at

Nina

Scholz

var

find

function

root

path

var

segments

path

split

cursor

root

target

for

var

i

i

segments

length

i

target

cursor

segments

i

if

typeof

target

undefined

return

void

cursor

target

return

cursor

var

obj

a

b

c

find

obj

ab

var

set

function

root

path

value

var

segments

path

split

cursor

root

target

for

var

i

i

segments

length

i

cursor

cursor

segments

i

cursor

segments

segments

length

value

set

obj

ak

function

console

log

hello

world

find

obj

ak

hello

world

edited

Mar

at

Lebovski

answered

Jun

at

Cristian

Sanchez

Thanks

for

all

the

quick

responses

Dont

like

the

eval

solutions

This

and

the

similar

posts

looks

best

However

Im

still

having

a

problem

I

am

trying

to

set

the

value

objab

new

value

To

be

precise

bs

value

is

a

function

so

I

need

to

use

objab

The

function

is

called

but

the

value

isnt

set

I

think

its

a

scope

issue

but

Im

still

digging

I

realize

this

is

outside

of

the

scope

of

the

original

question

My

code

is

using

Knockoutjs

and

b

is

an

koobservable

nevf

Jun

at

nevf

I

added

a

second

function

that

I

think

does

what

you

want

You

can

customize

it

to

your

liking

depending

on

the

behavior

you

want

eg

should

it

create

the

objects

if

they

do

not

exist

etc

Cristian

Sanchez

Jun

at

nevf

But

mine

does

it

with

one

function

D

McKayla

Jun

at

thanks

for

the

update

which

I

was

able

to

use

tylermwashburn

and

thanks

for

your

shorter

implementation

which

also

works

a

treat

Have

a

great

we

all

nevf

Jun

at

nevf

I

didnt

realize

this

was

a

golfing

contest

Cristian

Sanchez

Jun

at

You

can

obtain

value

of

an

object

member

by

dot

notation

with

a

single

line

of

code

new

Function

return

path

obj

In

you

case

var

obj

a

b

c

var

val

new

Function

return

obj

To

make

it

simple

you

may

write

a

function

like

this

function

objGet

obj

path

return

new

Function

O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


NET

Click

Once

Deployment

Appconfig

I

am

using

ClickOnce

Deployment

to

deploy

an

application

The

application

references

a

web

service

which

stores

connection

details

in

the

appconfig

file

For

example

the

following

is

stored

client

endpoint

address

httpsomeservicecomsomeservice

binding

customBinding

bindingConfiguration

ServiceSoapBinding

contract

AServiceAService

name

AServicePort

behaviorConfiguration

endPointBehavior

client

I

need

to

be

able

to

verify

the

value

of

this

end

point

address

on

the

deployed

application

I

have

full

access

each

of

the

deployed

files

on

the

server

but

I

dont

see

a

reference

to

any

of

the

appconfig

entries

Where

are

appconfig

settings

stored

in

the

published

data

and

how

can

I

access

them

Kind

Regards

F

c

net

clickonce

appconfig

improve

this

question

asked

Aug

at

fin

Answer

active

oldest

accepted

Application

settings

consumes

two

files

appexeconfig

and

userconfig

where

app

is

the

name

of

your

Windows

Forms

application

userconfig

is

created

on

the

client

the

first

time

your

application

stores

userscoped

settings

appexeconfig

by

contrast

will

exist

prior

to

deployment

if

you

define

default

values

for

settings

Visual

Studio

will

include

this

file

automatically

when

you

use

its

Publish

command

If

you

create

your

ClickOnce

application

using

Mageexe

or

MageUIexe

you

must

make

sure

this

file

is

included

with

your

applications

other

files

when

you

populate

your

application

manifest

Its

name

is

appexeconfigdeploy

and

its

located

in

the

top

folder

where

you

deploy

under

the

Application

Files

folder

under

the

version

folder

For

example

if

your

app

is

deployed

to

CApp

then

it

will

be

located

on

CAppApplication

FilesDirectoryPerVersionProjectNameexeconfigdeploy

answered

Aug

at

Erre

Efe

Perfect

Thanks

fin

Aug

at

Youre

welcome

Finbar

Erre

Efe

Aug

at

Your

Answer

By

clicking

Post

Your

Answer

you

acknowledge

that

you

have

read

our

updated

terms

of

service

and

cookie

policy

and

that

your

continued

use

of

the

website

is

subject

to

these

policies

Not

the

answer

youre

looking

for

Browse

other

questions

tagged

c

net

clickonce

appconfig

or

ask

your

own

question

O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


How

to

check

if

cursor

exists

open

status

Ask

Question

How

do

I

check

if

a

cursor

is

open

or

not

Because

many

times

I

am

encountering

the

error

Cursor

already

exists

Please

let

me

know

how

can

I

check

whether

a

cursor

is

already

in

open

status

In

fact

I

have

closed

as

well

as

Deallocated

it

at

the

end

CLOSE

DEALLOCATE

But

Still

i

am

getting

the

same

error

what

could

be

the

reason

sql

sqlserver

tsql

improve

this

question

asked

Sep

at

Maddy

How

can

i

ensure

whether

a

cursor

is

not

already

in

open

status

Perhaps

you

should

not

be

doing

this

Generally

you

should

close

every

cursor

every

time

you

finish

with

it

You

should

never

find

a

cursor

left

open

SLott

Sep

at

or

avoid

cursors

in

the

first

place

Sep

at

wikilessthandotcomindexphpCursors_and_How_to_Avoid_Them

HLGEM

Sep

at

sLott

I

have

closed

as

well

as

Deallocated

it

at

the

end

of

file

CLOSE

DEALLOCATE

But

Still

i

am

getting

the

same

error

what

could

be

the

reson

Maddy

Sep

at

the

error

Cursor

already

exists

means

that

I

have

closed

as

well

as

Deallocated

it

at

the

end

of

file

is

wrong

You

need

to

close

as

soon

as

possible

You

need

to

write

a

TINY

sample

program

which

shows

the

error

And

post

the

TINY

sample

program

with

the

error

message

The

smallest

program

you

can

write

which

gives

the

error

SLott

Sep

at

Answers

active

oldest

You

can

use

the

function

to

determine

its

state

IF

global

myCursor

BEGIN

DEALLOCATE

myCursor

END

answered

Sep

at

Gary

W

Close

the

cursor

if

it

is

empty

then

deallocate

it

IF

SELECT

global

myCursor

BEGIN

IF

SELECT

global

myCursor

BEGIN

CLOSE

myCursor

END

DEALLOCATE

myCursor

END

answered

Oct

at

Prateek

Good

but

maybe

consider

adding

a

beginend

around

the

inner

IF

to

avoid

confusion

about

your

intent

My

first

thought

was

you

had

forgotten

one

then

remembered

SQL

also

doesnt

require

it

for

single

lines

just

a

little

confusion

avoided

Andrew

Backer

Jan

at

Updated

Thanks

Andrew

Prateek

Jan

at

Is

it

possible

for

the

results

of

the

two

cursor

status

to

be

different

TEEKAY

Aug

at

Just

to

add

if

you

use

the

cursor

stored

in

local

variable

declared

somewhere

in

the

script

eg

DECLARE

cursorName

CURSOR

use

appropriate

cursor

type

variable

when

getting

status

Przemek

Marcinkiewicz

Apr

at

deallocating

a

cursor

automatically

closes

it

Gary

W

Sep

at

Just

Small

change

to

what

Gary

W

mentioned

adding

SELECT

IF

SELECT

global

myCursor

BEGIN

DEALLOCATE

myCursor

END

edited

May

at

answered

Feb

at

Muhammad

Omar

ElShourbagy

Should

be

IF

SELECT

Note

the

position

of

the

first

open

bracket

WernerVA

May

at

I

rarely

employ

cursors

but

I

just

discovered

one

other

item

that

can

bite

you

here

the

scope

of

the

cursor

name

If

the

database

is

global

you

will

get

the

cursor

already

exists

error

if

you

declare

a

cursor

in

a

stored

procedure

with

a

particular

name

eg

cur

and

while

that

cursor

is

open

you

call

another

stored

procedure

which

declares

and

opens

a

cursor

with

the

same

name

eg

cur

The

error

will

occur

in

the

nested

stored

procedure

when

it

attempts

to

open

cur

Run

this

bit

of

sql

to

see

your

select

from

sys

databases

where

name

your

database

name

If

this

value

is

then

how

you

name

your

nested

cursor

matters

answered

Aug

at

Tom

Regan

This

happened

to

me

when

a

stored

procedure

running

in

SSMS

encountered

an

error

during

the

loop

while

the

cursor

was

in

use

to

iterate

over

records

and

before

the

it

was

closed

To

fix

it

I

added

extra

code

in

the

CATCH

block

to

close

the

cursor

if

it

is

still

open

using

as

other

answers

here

suggest

answered

Feb

at

Aaron

Your

Answer

By

clicking

Post

Your

Answer

you

acknowledge

that

you

have

read

our

updated

terms

of

service

and

cookie

policy

and

that

your

continued

use

of

the

website

is

subject

to

these

policies

Not

the

answer

youre

looking

for

Browse

other

questions

tagged

sql

sqlserver

tsql

or

ask

your

own

question

asked

years

months

ago

viewed

active

years

months

ago

Blog

Adios

to

Winter

Bash

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O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Use

a

variable

in

file

path

in

vbs

Ask

Question

Is

it

possible

to

usa

variable

in

a

path

in

vbs

My

basic

situation

is

I

have

a

vbs

script

that

will

often

be

run

on

a

computer

with

one

person

logged

in

and

run

by

an

admin

with

a

completely

different

user

name

assume

the

file

will

be

right

clicked

and

Run

As

The

script

edits

an

ini

file

that

is

located

in

the

user

directory

for

the

person

logged

in

I

know

in

batch

I

could

simply

insert

the

variable

CUsersLoggerAppDataLocalstatini

and

the

variable

would

be

replaced

But

I

cant

do

this

in

vbs

My

script

thus

far

Or

look

at

the

bulk

of

it

in

an

answer

Dim

blnRes

blnRes

Dim

strOld

strNew

logger

strOld

frogg

strNew

frog

logger

Inputbox

What

is

your

Domain

ID

exactly

as

entered

when

you

log

into

this

machine

Domain

ID

On

Error

Resume

Next

Call

update

CUsersloggerAppDataLocalstatini

strOld

strNew

blnRes

blnRes

Or

Err

Number

Err

Clear

Is

there

some

way

I

can

flag

logger

as

a

variable

or

is

there

an

easier

way

to

do

this

variables

vbscript

improve

this

question

Community

asked

Sep

at

MaskedPlant

Answers

oldest

If

I

understand

what

youre

after

correctly

youre

either

going

to

need

to

do

a

string

concatenation

where

you

build

a

string

like

string

part

logger

string

part

or

use

the

replace

function

to

replace

Logger

eg

ReplacetemplateString

Logger

logger

with

your

logger

variable

Theres

not

a

direct

equivalent

to

the

sort

of

format

used

in

batch

files

Cristian

Ciupitu

answered

Sep

at

Chris

Disley

You

can

use

command

line

arguments

with

vbs

See

the

following

technet

site

using

the

example

vbs

at

the

bottom

you

can

have

Pingvbs

reply

based

on

the

computer

name

entered

after

the

script

name

when

its

called

CscriptsPingvbs

Hostname

Heres

more

info

on

WScriptAurguments

Dim

arArguments

strArgument

Set

arArguments

WScript

Arguments

WScript

Echo

WScript

Arguments

Count

For

Each

strArgument

in

arArguments

If

Ping

strArgument

Then

WScript

Echo

strArgument

is

available

Else

WScript

Echo

strArgument

is

not

available

End

If

Next

Function

Ping

myHostName

Dim

colPingResults

objPingResult

strQuery

strQuery

SELECT

FROM

WHERE

Address

myHostName

Set

colPingResults

GetObject

ExecQuery

strQuery

For

Each

objPingResult

In

colPingResults

If

Not

IsObject

objPingResult

Then

Ping

False

ElseIf

objPingResult

StatusCode

Then

Ping

True

Else

Ping

False

End

If

Next

Set

colPingResults

Nothing

End

Function

answered

Dec

at

I

guess

you

meant

a

script

variable

Try

this

logger

Inputbox

What

is

ID

Domain

ID

Call

update

CUsers

logger

AppDataLocalstatini

strOld

strNew

Amal

Murali

answered

Sep

at

KulTigin

It

worked

thank

you

this

is

exactly

what

I

was

looking

for

MaskedPlant

Sep

at

This

worked

for

me

Dim

fs

ws

Path

Set

ws

CreateObject

WScriptShell

Path

ws

ExpandEnvironmentStrings

UserProfiletestfiletxt

ws

Nothing

Set

fs

CreateObject

ScriptingFileSystemObject

Set

f

fs

CreateTextFile

Path

True

f

WriteLine

This

is

a

test

f

f

Nothing

Dont

assume

CUsers

will

be

valid

on

every

system

There

are

times

when

you

may

want

to

use

a

different

location

for

user

profiles

I

also

looked

at

the

AppData

environment

variable

but

in

my

case

that

pointed

to

AppDataRoaming

and

you

want

AppDataLocal

answered

Sep

at

Joel

Coehoorn

CUsers

isnt

valid

on

every

system

in

our

environment

we

have

XP

which

uses

documents

and

settings

and

a

couple

of

sites

that

store

the

user

profiles

on

a

server

I

was

planning

on

determining

the

OS

and

conditionally

running

a

line

with

a

directory

I

went

ahead

and

tested

the

script

anyway

and

it

runs

into

the

same

issue

it

calls

the

user

profile

of

whomever

ran

the

file

I

will

edit

the

post

to

make

it

more

clear

sorry

about

that

MaskedPlant

Sep

at

Your

Answer

By

clicking

Post

Your

Answer

you

acknowledge

that

you

have

read

our

updated

terms

of

service

and

cookie

policy

and

that

your

continued

use

of

the

website

is

subject

to

these

policies

Not

the

answer

youre

looking

for

Browse

other

questions

tagged

variables

vbscript

or

ask

your

own

question

asked

years

months

ago

viewed

times

active

years

months

ago

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Adios

to

Winter

Bash

question

feed

O O B I I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


python

read

binary

from

specific

position

favorite

I

have

a

huge

binary

file

from

which

I

want

to

read

some

bytes

from

exact

positions

in

the

file

How

can

I

access

specific

bytes

from

binary

file

not

having

to

loop

through

all

bytes

from

the

beginning

of

the

file

Thanx

python

file

binary

improve

this

question

asked

Oct

at

Matej

Answer

active

votes

accepted

Make

sure

you

open

the

file

with

the

b

attribute

for

example

filemyfilebin

rb

Then

use

the

seek

method

of

the

file

object

Look

here

edited

Aug

at

therealrootuser

answered

Oct

at

Grim

Your

Answer

By

clicking

Post

Your

Answer

you

acknowledge

that

you

have

read

our

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of

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and

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policy

and

that

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continued

use

of

the

website

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subject

to

these

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Not

the

answer

youre

looking

for

Browse

other

questions

tagged

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file

binary

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B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O


Quick and easy file dialog in Python Ask Question 72 36 I have a simple script which parses a file and loads its contents to a database I dont need a UI but right now Im prompting the user for the file to parse using raw_input which is most unfriendly especially because the user cant copypaste the path I would like a quick and easy way to present a file selection dialog to the user they can select the file and then its loaded to the database In my use case if they happened to chose the wrong file it would fail parsing and wouldnt be a problem even if it was loaded to the database import tkFileDialog file_path_string tkFileDialog askopenfilename This code is close to what I want but it leaves an annoying empty frame open which isnt able to be closed probably because I havent registered a close event handler I dont have to use tkInter but since its in the Python standard library its a good candidate for quickest and easiest solution Whats a quick and easy way to prompt for a file or filename in a script without any other UI python openfiledialog improve this question asked Feb 16 12 at 2124 Buttons840 3727 9 41 71 Minor correction You can paste into the a terminal it sounds like youre on Windows by rightclicking in the text area and selecting Paste from the context menu Deestan Feb 16 12 at 2150 1 No right click menu is available in a Python raw_input prompt Buttons840 Feb 16 12 at 2156 2 raw_input happens in the terminal which has a right click menu Deestan Feb 17 12 at 1006 Possible duplicate of Choosing a file in Python with simple Dialog Paul R May 19 17 at 1107 asked 6 years 10 months ago viewed 152179 times active 1 year 4 months ago Blog Adios to Winter Bash 2018 question feed

O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Race and Ethnicity in Bay Ridge New York New York Neighborhood Race and Ethnicity 1 Percentage of the total population Scope population of New York and Bay Ridge Bay Ridge New York Count number of members in ethnoracial group 1 nonHispanic 2 excluding black and Asian Hispanics Relative Race and Ethnicity 2 Race and Hispanic origin in Bay Ridge as a percentage of the total population expressed as percentage point difference from New York Scope population of New York and Bay Ridge groups percentage of the total population of Bay Ridge ref groups percentage of the total population of New York 1 nonHispanic 2 excluding black and Asian Hispanics Relative EthnoRacial Composition by Age 3 Ethnoracial composition by age cohort as a percentage within each age cohort Scope population of Bay Ridge White 1 Hispanic 2 Mixed 3 Black 3 Asian 3 Other 3 Count total number of people in age cohort 1 nonHispanic white 2 white Hispanic 3 including Hispanic EthnoRacial Composition by Age Cohort 4 Ethnoracial composition by age cohort as a percentage of the total population Scope population of Bay Ridge White 1 Hispanic 2 Mixed 3 Black 3 Asian 3 Other 3 Count total number of people in age cohort 1 nonHispanic white 2 white Hispanic 3 including Hispanic EthnoRacial Composition per Year 5 Ethnoracial composition per year of the age cohort as a percentage of the total population Scope population of Bay Ridge White 1 Hispanic 2 Mixed 3 Black 3 Asian 3 Other 3 Count total number of people in age cohort 1 nonHispanic white 2 white Hispanic 3 including Hispanic Race among Hispanics 6 Percentage of the Hispanic population Scope population of New York and Bay Ridge Bay Ridge New York Count number of members of racial group Map of Race and Ethnicity by Tract in Bay Ridge White Hispanic Black Asian Mixed Other Loading Map of Race and Ethnicity by Block Group in Bay Ridge White Hispanic Black Asian Mixed Other Loading Map of Race and Ethnicity by Block in Bay Ridge White Hispanic Black Asian Mixed Other Loading

B I I O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O B I O O O O O O O


What are the dangers of violating the homoscedasticity assumption for linear regression 27 favorite 16 As an example consider the ChickWeight data set in R The variance obviously grows over time so if I use a simple linear regression like m lm weight Time Diet data ChickWeight My questions Which aspects of the model will be questionable Are the problems limited to extrapolating outside the Time range How tolerant is linear regression to violation of this assumption ie how heteroscedastic does it have to be to cause problems r regression heteroscedasticity assumptions cite improve this question edited Oct 28 14 at 259 gung 105k 34 255 518 asked Feb 14 12 at 1550 Dan M 485 1 5 11 Kindly post comprehensive answers THANYOU user40713 Feb 22 14 at 1005 1 Besides the things mentioned in the answers your prediction intervals also wont have the right coverage Glen_b Feb 22 14 at 1107 add a comment 5 Answers active votes 21 accepted The linear model or ordinary least squares still has its unbiasedness property in this case In the face of heteroskedasticity in error terms you still have unbiased parameter estimates but you loose on the covariance matrix your inference ie parameter tests may be off The common fix is to use a robust method for computing the covariance matrix aka standard errors Which one you use is somewhat domaindependent but Whites method is a start And for completeness serial correlation of error terms is worse as it will lead to biased parameter estimates cite improve this answer edited Sep 25 at 058 answered Feb 14 12 at 1607 Dirk Eddelbuettel 7512 2 21 41 Robust estimation of standard errors like Whites method help with testsconfidence intervals on parameters but do not help with prediction intervals kjetil b halvorsen Oct 27 14 at 1723 The covariance of the parameter vector is used in calculating predictions so your prediction intervals will also be biased in general Mustafa S Eisa Feb 18 17 at 249 Correct Unbiased holds inference may be off The other two paras are correct though Dirk Eddelbuettel Sep 25 at 057 1 Thanks for catching it and being explicit rather than silently or driveby downvote I was simply a wee bit sloppy in my use of terminology Better now Dirk Eddelbuettel Sep 25 at 103 add a comment 19 Homoscedasticity is one of the Gauss Markov assumptions that are required for OLS to be the best linear unbiased estimator BLUE The GaussMarkov Theorem is telling us that the least squares estimator for the coefficients β is unbiased and has minimum variance among all unbiased linear estimators given that we fulfill all GaussMarkov assumptions You can find more information on the GaussMarkov Theorem including the mathematical proof of the theorem here Additionally you can find a complete list of the OLS assumptions including explanations what happens in case they are violated here Briefly summarizing the information from the websites above heteroscedasticity does not introduce a bias in the estimates of your coefficients However given heteroscedasticity you are not able to properly estimate the variancecovariance matrix Hence the standard errors of the coefficients are wrong This means that one can not compute any tstatistics and pvalues and consequently hypothesis testing is not possible Overall under heteroscedasticity OLS loses its efficiency and is not BLUE anymore However heteroscedasticity is not the end of the world Fortunately correcting for heteroscedasticity is not difficult The sandwich estimator allows you to estimate consistent standard errors for the coefficients Nevertheless computing the standard errors via the sandwich estimator comes at a cost The estimator is not very efficient and standard errors might be very large One way to gain back some of the efficiency is to cluster standard errors if possible You can find more detailed information on this subject on the websites I referred above cite improve this answer answered Mar 19 16 at 1009 Simon ORourke 191 1 3 add a comment 12 Absence of homoscedasticity may give unreliable standard error estimates of the parameters Parameter estimates are unbiased But the estimates may not efficientnot BLUE You can find some more in the following link cite improve this answer answered Feb 14 12 at 1607 vinux 2833 1 15 18 add a comment 12 It is good to remember that having unbiased estimators does not mean that the model is right In many situations the least squares criterion for regression coefficient estimation gives rise to a model that either has 1 regression coefficients that dont have the right meaning or 2 predictions that are tilted towards minimizing large errors but that make up for it by having many small errors For example some analysts believe that even when transforming to log Y makes the model fit well it is valid to predict Y using OLS because estimates are unbiased This will minimize the sum of squared errors but partition the effects across the β s incorrectly and result in a noncompetitive sum of absolute errors Sometimes lack of constancy of variance signals a more fundamental modeling problem When looking at competing models eg for Y vs log Y vs ordinal regression I like to compare predictive accuracy using measures that were not optimized by definition by the fitting process cite improve this answer answered Feb 22 14 at 1234 Frank Harrell 538k 3 104 237 add a comment 1 There is good information here in the other answers particularly to your first question I thought I would add some complimentary information regarding your last two questions The problems associated with heteroscedasticity are not limited to extrapolation Since they primarily involve confidence intervals pvalues and prediction limits being incorrect they apply throughout the range of your data Strictly speaking the problems associated with heteroscedasticity exist with even the smallest amount of heteroscedasticity However as you might suspect with very little heteroscedasticity the problems are very small as well There is no true bright line where heteroscedasticity becomes too much but a rule of thumb is that linear models are not too affected by heteroscedasticity when the largest variance is 4 the smallest variance cite improve this answer answered Oct 28 14 at 257 gung 105k 34 255 518 add a comment Not the answer youre looking for Browse other questions tagged r regression heteroscedasticity assumptions or ask your own question

O O O B I I O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

homoscedasticity
dangers of violating
linear regression


Association rules support confidence and lift 3 favorite 1 I am trying to mine association rules from my transaction dataset and I have questions regarding the support confidence and lift of a rule Assume we have rule like X Y I know that support is PXY confidence is PXYPX and lift is PXYPXPY where the lift is a measurement of independence of X and Y 1 represents independent However I just dont know how to interpret rules with these indicators I have rules with high support high confidence and low lift is that a good rule Since high confidence represents strong association and high support represents how convincing their association are So high confidence high support good rule and we can ignore lift If I am going to order rank my rules and pick let say the best 10 to examine which indicator should be chosen as the ranking variable datamining associationrules cite improve this question asked Aug 12 16 at 1223 BigData 32 1 1 6 add a comment 1 Answer active votes 7 accepted It depends on your task But usually you want all three to be high high support should apply to a large amount of cases high confidence should be correct often high lift indicates it is not just a coincidence Consider eg rain and day Assuming we live in a very unfortunate place at the Equator where it is raining 50 of the time and it is day 50 of the time and these are independent of each other Ie in 25 of the time it is raining and it is day We then have a support of 25 that is pretty high for most data sets We also have a confidence of 50 that is also pretty good If 50 of my visitors buy a product I recommend I would be a billionaire But the lift is just 1 ie no improvement Beware that on other data sets you wont get anywhere near 25 support Consider a supermarket with diverse prodcuts How many of customers do you think buy toilet paper cite improve this answer answered Aug 12 16 at 2319 AnonyMousse 293k 5 40 78 Since confidence considers the conditional probability of a customer buys X how likely he will also buy Y Can I say lift considers the unconditional probability of Y or in other words many people bought X and Y together therefore the confidence will be high However if also many customers bought Y but not together with X the lift will be low BigData Aug 13 16 at 2058 And so high support and high confidence could also be a bad rule BigData Aug 13 16 at 2100 1 Yes that is why people use lift or one of 20 other metrics Lift normalizes the confidence with the independence assumption A lift of 10 means as likely as without the precondition A lift of 1 indicates a negative correlation assume that in above example the confidence were just 40 it would be high but the likelihood of raining had even decreased compared to the unconditional 50 so you usually want a lift 15 but there are many other measures AnonyMousse Aug 13 16 at 2103 add a comment Your Answer By clicking Post Your Answer you acknowledge that you have read our updated terms of service and cookie policy and that your continued use of the website is subject to these policies Not the answer youre looking for Browse other questions tagged datamining associationrules or ask your own question

B I B B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

association rules
confidence and lift
support


System Status History 4 weeks Products 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 0101 0102 0103 0104 0105 Today Hosted Exchange Email Hosting Administrator Tools Apps Alerts Maintenance Change Ticketing System Replies On January 8th 2019 we will be making changes to how our ticketing system sends email updates This change is a necessary part of ongoing efforts to improve our antispam filtering service Which users are affected This change will only affect Microsoft Outlook and Hosted Exchange users that utilize rules to filter emailed ticket responses What is changing We are updating the way our ticketing system sends email messages Microsoft Outlook and Hosted Exchange users will notice the FROM address changed from Ticketing System userdomaincom to userdomaincomdomaincom on behalf of Ticketing System userdomaincom This name will be displayed differently due to the nature of how Microsoft Outlook and Hosted Exchange forcibly display the sender address How does this affect users This address change may cause message filters andor rules that are based on the previous sender address to not work properly due to the change in addresses What are the options to minimize impact Microsoft Outlook or Hosted Exchange users who utilize rules to filter responses from our ticketing system are encouraged to either create a new rule or edit their current rule to reflect the new address of userdomaincomdomaincom after the change goes into effect When will this change happen 20190108 0600 CST

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Warframe

General

Discussion

DARK

Nov

Harrow

Neuroptics

Drop

Location

I

search

around

Google

and

I

found

that

Neuroptics

Drop

its

in

Pago

Kuva

Fortress

Rotation

C

All

Data

from

Spy

Mission

Im

doing

that

for

tons

of

times

and

I

dont

drop

Is

that

info

right

or

outdated

Showing

of

comments

Omnipresent

Oatmeal

Nov

The

info

is

right

You

have

to

do

all

vaults

successfully

If

you

do

the

Neuroptics

have

a

chance

of

dropping

from

the

vault

Archwraith

Nov

Still

right

Just

unlucky

like

Ivara

bp

Do

it

times

a

day

than

too

actively

grinds

it

Less

frustration

DARK

Nov

Its

I

did

that

times

now

Im

still

doing

let

see

how

many

times

do

I

need

to

do

that

WalrusSama

Nov

Originally

posted

by

DARK

Its

I

did

that

times

now

Im

still

doing

let

see

how

many

times

do

I

need

to

do

that

Try

Sacrificing

a

Goat

or

small

Child

to

RNGesus

Tempt

his

bountie

with

the

blood

of

the

innocent

wordexe

Nov

Dude

I

did

that

mission

at

least

DARK

Nov

Originally

posted

by

Toxic

Tiny

Scrub

Dude

I

did

that

mission

at

least

TT

Dont

say

that

I

already

did

or

times

Showing

of

comments

Per

page

Warframe

General

Discussion

Date

Posted

Nov

Posts

Start

a

New

Discussion

Discussions

Rules

and

Guidelines

B O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


STAR

WARS

Knights

of

the

Old

Republic

General

Discussions

Dec

Kotor

Crashing

issues

I

just

recently

purchased

Kotor

and

I

am

having

crashing

issues

Has

anyone

found

a

fix

for

this

I

have

a

Windows

machine

and

if

need

be

I

can

install

on

this

machine

Any

help

would

be

great

Showing

of

comments

TOSTY

Dec

Yeah

Im

getting

the

same

issue

I

think

it

might

be

that

the

game

is

too

old

to

run

on

the

current

window

programs

cerberusiv

Dec

Crashing

issues

isnt

specific

enough

to

help

Does

the

game

crash

on

startup

after

character

creation

during

play

or

what

Dec

At

start

up

and

during

first

cutscene

HELP

jdsbvcjbuvdsbvbdsuvkuh

Dec

I

have

the

same

problem

It

crashes

at

startup

right

after

the

Lucasarts

and

Bioware

logos

I

checked

the

compatablity

and

the

only

Windows

OS

it

lists

are

XP

and

Vista

I

have

Windows

as

well

and

really

would

not

like

to

have

to

download

one

of

those

dinosaurs

just

to

play

a

game

Dont

get

me

wrong

this

is

one

of

my

favorite

games

of

all

time

but

I

dont

want

to

go

through

that

Is

there

any

way

around

this

that

I

dont

know

of

Last

edited

by

jdsbvcjbuvdsbvbdsuvkuh

Dec

jdsbvcjbuvdsbvbdsuvkuh

Dec

Update

I

just

tried

to

play

KOTOR

II

and

got

the

exact

same

problem

The

differnce

is

KOTOR

IIs

store

page

lists

the

OS

as

Windows

or

newer

So

compatability

cant

be

the

problem

robtromp

Dec

Crashes

right

after

character

selectioncustomization

for

me

also

Guess

Ill

have

to

return

if

a

solution

isnt

posted

soon

Dec

After

I

create

my

charater

and

hit

playthe

loading

screen

pops

up

then

goes

to

a

black

screen

like

its

going

to

start

up

the

first

cut

scene

but

the

screen

stays

black

for

awhile

then

after

awhile

it

closes

out

and

tells

me

that

KOTOR

has

stopped

working

and

to

close

the

program

cerberusiv

Dec

OK

if

your

game

crashes

on

startup

try

running

in

windowed

mode

andor

disabling

the

intro

movies

If

it

crashes

after

creating

your

character

disable

frame

buffer

effects

Both

are

covered

in

this

guide

TROUBLESHOOTING

A

Guide

for

STAR

WARS

Knights

of

the

Old

Republic

By

A

compiled

list

of

issues

and

fixes

that

should

help

you

with

any

problems

you

may

be

experiencing

Credit

goes

to

PCGamingWiki

httppcgamingwikicomwikiStar_Wars_Knights_of_the_Old_Republic

for

most

If

you

are

running

a

high

res

monitor

or

a

one

the

game

simply

wont

handle

that

You

may

have

to

play

around

with

the

resolution

setting

in

the

menu

or

if

it

wont

even

start

then

in

the

ini

file

The

game

wont

deal

with

high

refresh

rates

so

you

may

have

to

run

your

system

as

a

lower

rate

approximately

half

so

There

is

a

widescreen

hack

but

it

can

be

a

bit

erratic

whether

it

works

or

not

Last

edited

by

cerberusiv

Dec

jdsbvcjbuvdsbvbdsuvkuh

Dec

Originally

posted

by

robtromp

Crashes

right

after

character

selectioncustomization

for

me

also

Guess

Ill

have

to

return

if

a

solution

isnt

posted

soon

I

may

sound

stupid

but

I

didnt

know

you

could

return

steam

games

Could

you

tel

me

how

Id

go

about

doing

that

Because

if

I

cant

fix

this

I

dont

want

to

have

paid

for

an

unplayable

game

Jan

I

got

it

working

I

found

a

reselution

through

discussion

boards

where

I

can

to

modify

the

config

file

for

the

game

Everything

is

working

now

Thanks

Jan

could

you

please

provide

a

link

or

instrucitons

on

how

you

modified

the

config

file

for

the

game

to

make

it

work

Thanks

HappyHourHero

Jan

Yeah

if

anyone

could

provide

a

link

for

us

peeps

that

would

be

great

Bobby

Espinal

Jan

Mine

has

been

crashing

at

random

times

so

Ive

gotten

to

the

point

where

I

save

obsessively

especially

if

Im

moving

to

a

new

environment

Ive

also

noticed

a

lot

of

graphical

glitches

on

Dantooine

Jan

Everyone

this

is

what

I

did

and

it

worked

I

am

running

the

game

on

Win

as

well

So

give

this

a

shot

Go

to

CProgamFilesSteamSteamappsCommonswkotor

Go

to

a

configuration

file

called

swkotor

Look

under

Graphics

Options

and

there

will

be

a

line

that

says

Change

that

to

then

also

add

a

line

under

Graphics

Options

the

same

section

you

just

changed

fullscreen

in

that

says

Hope

this

helps

If

it

still

doesnt

work

change

your

compatibility

too

angryassdrummer

Jan

just

bought

it

win

i

can

create

a

character

but

when

i

press

play

it

goes

to

a

loading

screen

gets

the

way

through

then

freezescrashes

hope

i

dont

need

a

refund

Showing

of

comments

Per

page

STAR

WARS

Knights

of

the

Old

Republic

General

Discussions

Date

Posted

Dec

Posts

Start

a

New

Discussion

Discussions

Rules

and

Guidelines

More

discussions

What

Resilution

should

i

use

in

game

Problems

with

save

games

Pazaak

ai

cheating

Please

Help

Game

Crashes

After

escaping

the

Leviathan

B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Undertale General Discussions JellyRaven Dec 23 2015 214am CARDS AGAINST HUMANITY WITH UNDERTALE EXPANSIONS Go here if you want to play httppyx1pretendyourexyzzygamejspgame2 WARNING SOME CARDS ARE NSFW Showing 1 9 of 9 comments JellyRaven Dec 23 2015 847am Ive created a new game Ive changed it to 7 slots and only undertale stuff no regular expansions You can join it here httppyx2pretendyourexyzzygamejspgame94 1 Floppy Richard Apr 15 2016 525pm whats the password to join 2 JellyRaven Apr 15 2016 703pm Sorry this is very old Please check the date 3 3 BIO_BB Apr 15 2016 708pm Originally posted by Insert Undertale Character whats the password to join Look what youve done Youve revived a 4 month old thread 4 alexbali25 Jun 17 2016 605am IM REREVIVING IT 5 salty anus Jul 23 2016 1011pm what is the password 6 salty anus Jul 23 2016 1012pm youre online now 7 salty anus Jul 23 2016 1012pm what is the password 8 Michael Jul 23 2016 1030pm Originally posted by ice705 what is the password I dont think you understand That game of cards against humanity happened 7 months ago P Last edited by Michael Jul 23 2016 1030pm 9 Showing 1 9 of 9 comments Per page 15 30 50 Undertale General Discussions Date Posted Dec 23 2015 214am Posts 9 Start a New Discussion Discussions Rules and Guidelines

O O O O O O O O B O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Factorio Multiplayer Coop Devildog Feb 29 2016 135pm How To HostJoin Multiplayer with out port forward Guide How to HostJoin MP Guide Use Evolve Client to play MP httpswwwevolvehqcomclient Download Install Evolve Create a Account Verify Create a Lobby Invite Friends Select Game for Lobby Factorio Copy Host IP Address that Evolve gives you Launch Factorio Play MultiPlayer Host Hosts the game Friends Join Game with IP Evolve gives you Connect to Game Enjoy Factorio Multiplayer My friends and I have been using Evolve since factorio came out with a multiplayer its easy to use and light weight In my opinion its more secure then using Hamachi Hopes this small guide helps you Trouble Shooting Darth TroubleShooting If it shows you as offline Try This I have Windows 10 and no issues connecting Open device manager find network adapters while evolve is running right click on evolve virtual ethernet adapter and go to advanced properties then change the value to anything I picked 0 Restart computer and it should show you as being online Last edited by Devildog Jun 4 2016 409pm Showing 1 15 of 33 comments Feb 29 2016 136pm how is it more secure than hamachi dont they both do the exact same thing 1 Devildog Feb 29 2016 145pm Originally posted by Derp intensifies how is it more secure than hamachi dont they both do the exact same thing In my opinion its more secure in previous experience i had Issues with hackers when using hamachi Also i believe Hamachi has a max limit of 5 Evolve is 255 Which means if i wanted to I and 9 friends could play Factorio Last edited by Devildog Feb 29 2016 146pm 2 Syfer Feb 29 2016 150pm Originally posted by Derp intensifies how is it more secure than hamachi dont they both do the exact same thing Hamachi bypasses all local ports where evolve only bypasses the necessary ones which makes hamachi very hacker friendly Originally posted by Devildog Originally posted by Derp intensifies how is it more secure than hamachi dont they both do the exact same thing In my opinion its more secure in previous experience i had Issues with hackers when using hamachi Also i believe Hamachi has a max limit of 5 Evolve is 255 Which means if i wanted to I and 9 friends could play Factorio Theres a workaround for hamachi where you can host unlimited networks from the same computer so you can have as many clients as you need Last edited by Syfer Feb 29 2016 151pm 3 Devildog Feb 29 2016 155pm But none the less i hope this small guide using Evolve will help some users who may have issues or dont know how to use Hamachi I think Evolve is more user friendly to use Maybe this will help some one D 4 NJP Penile Eruption Feb 29 2016 401pm Evolve doesnt even connect on my PC not sure if itsor if its because I have windows 10 5 Devildog Feb 29 2016 428pm Works for me on Windows 10 What are you having issues with Try running it as administrator 6 Tzarro Feb 29 2016 601pm If you are using Evolve on Windows 10 you need to go to your Evolve network adapter in Network Connections right click on the evolve adapter and go to properties From there select configure near the top right go to the advanced tab and set the MAC address to 0 it should just be blank by default This should get Evolve working for you You may need to restart Evolve to get this change to take effect Last edited by Tzarro Feb 29 2016 602pm 7 Devildog Feb 29 2016 842pm Thanks for commenting that i would have also not have known how to answer that 8 evilbeefmarine Mar 1 2016 1245am you dont need to do this just get your ip adress host then give your ip adress to your joiner 9 Bejo Apr 13 2016 955pm Originally posted by EvilBeefMarine you dont need to do this just get your ip adress host then give your ip adress to your joiner Dont you need to port forward first before you do this 10 Devildog Apr 14 2016 921am Originally posted by Pembokat X Originally posted by EvilBeefMarine you dont need to do this just get your ip adress host then give your ip adress to your joiner Dont you need to port forward first before you do this No you do not need to port forward 11 Devildog Apr 14 2016 1009am Yeppers unless people want to keep on 120 for mods mods will be broken for a couple weeks after 013 release 12 Monkey Apr 19 2016 732pm Evovle isnt working on windows 10 any alternatives other thane tungle and hamachi 13 Devildog Apr 20 2016 900pm Originally posted by Monkey Evovle isnt working on windows 10 any alternatives other thane tungle and hamachi It works for me On Windows 10 81 8 What issue are you having If it says youre offline goto firewall and give it access if that does not help set its Adapter value to 1 Last edited by Devildog Apr 20 2016 900pm 14 Monkey Apr 20 2016 1014pm Originally posted by Devildog Originally posted by Monkey Evovle isnt working on windows 10 any alternatives other thane tungle and hamachi It works for me On Windows 10 81 8 What issue are you having If it says youre offline goto firewall and give it access if that does not help set its Adapter value to 1 um thanks for replying i have already tried with the value the issue is Network Error 1 The Party Network could not be joined Please try again in a little bit 15 Showing 1 15 of 33 comments Per page 15 30 50 Factorio Multiplayer Coop Date Posted Feb 29 2016 135pm Posts 33 Start a New Discussion Discussions Rules and Guidelines

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


How did Shakira get famous ansarikamran 7 in how last year Early Life and Career Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll was born on February 2 1977 in Barranquilla Colombia With a Lebanese father and Colombian mother Shakira honors both her Latino and Arabic heritage in her music She wrote her first song at the age of 8 and signed her first record deal at 13Apr 27 2017 Early Life and Career Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll was born on February 2 1977 in Barranquilla Colombia With a Lebanese father and Colombian mother Shakira honors both her Latino and Arabic heritage in her music She wrote her first song at the age of 8 and signed her first record deal at 13Apr 27 2017 Synopsis Born in Colombia on February 2 1977 hugely successfully Colombian pop singer and dancer Shakira has won two Grammy Awards seven Latin Grammy Awards and 12 Billboard Latin Music Awards and has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award Known for hits like Whenever Wherever and Hips Dont Lie Shakira is the highestselling Colombian artist of all time and the second most successful female Latin singer after Gloria Estefan By 2012 her US album sales had reached nearly 10 million Early Life and Career Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll was born on February 2 1977 in Barranquilla Colombia With a Lebanese father and Colombian mother Shakira honors both her Latino and Arabic heritage in her music She wrote her first song at the age of 8 and signed her first record deal at 13 After her first two albums flopped Shakira took the reins of her third album becoming involved in every aspect of its production Released in 1996 Pies Descalzos meaning bare feet sold more than 3 million copies The album featured her trademark sound a blend of Latin rock and Arabic musical styles Her followup record Dónde Están Los Ladrones 1998 which translates as Where are the thieves reached the top of Billboards Latin charts Not long after Shakira won her first Grammy Award best Latin pop album for Shakira MTV Unplugged 2000

O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O


What Is DXM What Does Abuse Look Like How Can You Prevent Abuse Role of Pharmacists Retailers The Basics Slang Terms The Size Of The Problem Role Of The Internet Slang Terms Teens could be talking or texting about getting high on overthecounter OTC cough medicine without you even realizing it There are many slang words for dextromethorphan DXM abuse Learn them listen for them and talk to your teens if you hear them using the slang DXM A common abbreviation for dextromethorphan a drug in many cough and cold medicines Its abused by some teens because it can cause hallucinations and dissociative effects at high doses Dex or Drex Street terms for cold and cough medicines with dextromethorphan Dexing Getting high on products with dextromethorphan Orange crush A term for some cough medicines with dextromethorphan or codeine It may stem from the orangecolored syrup of certain brands Poor mans PCP or Poor mans X Products with dextromethorphan since they are inexpensive but can cause effects similar to those of other drugs of abuse PCP or ecstasy at high doses Red devils Another term for cough medicine tablets which may be small and red Red hots A term for capsules or tablets with dextromethorphan The term comes from small red cough medicine pills of some brands Robo Usually a reference to cough syrup with dextromethorphan While it derives from the brand name Robitussin it is common slang for any cough syrup Robodosing Abusing products with dextromethorphan like cough syrups Robofizzing Combining cough medicine with soda or alcohol Robotard A term for someone who abuses dextromethorphan Robotripping Abusing products with dextromethorphan The term refers to the hallucinogenic trips that people experience at high doses Rojo Cold and cough medicines with dextromethorphan Rojo is Spanish for red and refers to the color of some syrups and pills Skittles Usually applied to Coricidin tablets with dextromethorphan since they have a size and shape similar to the candy Skittling Another term for abusing products with dextromethorphan It derives from the brand name Coricidin since the tablets have a size and shape similar to the candy Syrup head Someone who uses cough syrups or other products with dextromethorphan codeine or promethazine to get high Triple Cs or CCCs A term for Coricidin tablets with dextromethorphan slang from Coricidin Cold and Cough Tussin Another term for cough syrup with dextromethorphan Tussing A term for using products with dextromethorphan Velvet or velvet syrup Cough syrup with dextromethorphan Vitamin D Another term for medicines with dextromethorphan Educational Toolkits Resources for law enforcement healthcare providers community leaders educators retailers more Source The Size Of The Problem

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Crash Investigations Fundamentals of Traffic Crash Reconstruction Fundamentals of Traffic Crash Reconstruction Volume 2 of the Traffic Crash Reconstruction Series by John Daily Nathan Shigemura Jeremy Daily This textbook is sure to become a must have for 8500 Advanced Traffic Crash Analysis Advanced Traffic Crash Analysis by Neil F Robar and George L Ruotolo IPTMs Advanced Traffic Crash Analysis Second Edition is an expanded and updated version of its predecessor our popular Advanced Traffic Crash 7000 Training and Reference Manual for Traffic Crash Investigation 3rd Edition Training and Reference Manual for Traffic Crash Investigation3rd editionby RW Rivers Filled with the basic information that all successful traffic homicide investigators should possess IPTMs Training and Reference Manual for 7000 Motorcycle Crash Investigation 3rd Edition Motorcycle Crash Investigation by Albert T Baxter Any crash involving a motorcycle adds a unique dimension to the investigation Investigators and reconstructionists must understand the complexity of a motorcycle in 6500 Fundamentals of Pedestrian Cyclist Traffic Crash Reconstruction Fundamentals of PedestrianCyclist Traffic Crash Reconstruction1st Edition 2016 By Mike W Reade and Tony L Becker This book will give a new meaning to pedestriancyclist reconstruction The procedures given 5000 A Format for Successful Accident Reconstruction Report Writing A Format for Successful Accident Reconstruction Report Writing by George L Ruotolo Mr Ruotolo has developed a simple format that can be used by anyone who needs to write a 1800 ABG Stiffness Values How to Research and Calculate Step by Step ABG Stiffness ValuesHow to Research and Calculate Step by Step by Daniel W Vomhof III Crushenergy analysis continues to remain an important tool for the crash investigator and reconstructionist It 2000 Equation Directory for the Reconstructionist Equation Directory for the Reconstructionist by Daniel J Parkka This book puts over 550 crash reconstruction formulas right at your fingertips With the Equation Directory for the Reconstructionist you can 4000 Formula Workbook for Traffic Accident Investigation and Reconstruction Formula Workbook for Traffic Accident Investigation and Reconstruction by Gary L Stephens A vehicle leaves a level roadway and goes airborne The vehicle travels 50 feet horizontally and falls 5 3500 Balancing Collision Forces in CrushEnergy Analysis Balancing Collision Forces in Crush Energy Analysisby Nathan Shigemura and Andrew Rich Crushenergy analysis continues to remain an important tool for the reconstructionist It provides another method of resolving 800 An Introduction to the Investigation of Automobile Collisions with Wooden Utility Poles and Trees An Introduction to The Investigation of Automobile Collisions with Wooden Utility Poles and Trees by Joseph N Cofone Greatly expanded this edition of Mr Cofones manual delves into 2500 Impact Velocity from Conservation of Linear Momentum for the Traffic Accident Investigator and Reconstructionist Impact Velocity from Conservation of Linear Momentum for the Traffic Accident Investigator and Reconstructionist by WA Kennedy This manual brings you the mathematical solutions to twovehicle collisions that require the 2500 VehiclePedestrianBicycle Collision Investigation Manual REVISED 2003 EDITION Vehicle Pedestrian Bicycle Collision Investigation Manual By Tony L Becker REVISED EDITION 2003 previous work titled Vehicle Pedestrian Collision Investigation This manual is a must for 2200 Commercial Motor Vehicle Crash Investigation Commercial Motor Vehicle Crash Investigation by David Brill Finally an allinclusive manual for investigators of commercial vehicle crashes Commercial Motor Vehicle Crash Investigation gives you practical methods that can be used 3500 Fundamentals of Statistics for Traffic Crash Reconstruction Fundamentals of Statistics for Traffic Crash Reconstruction by Andrew Rich and Michelle FishRich This book was written to provide traffic crash reconstructionists with the basic underlying principles and practical useful 3600 Traffic Crash Scene Response A Guide for the Field Officer Traffic Crash Scene Response A Guide for the Field Officer by Clifford A Prosser From the initial dispatch through the collection of evidence to the release of the crash scene 1400 Linear and Rotational Motion Analysis in Traffic Crash Reconstruction Linear and Rotational Motion Analysis in Traffic Crash Reconstructionby Orion P Keifer Richard V Conte and Bradley C Reckamp Crash reconstructionists are commonly faced with vehicle collisions with postimpact rotation 3500 Derivations Manual for Formulas Used in Traffic Accident Investigation and Reconstruction Derivations Manual for Formulas Used in Traffic Accident Investigation and Reconstruction by Wiley L Howell This manual was written to help police crash investigators and reconstructionists understand the derivation of 3000 Linear Momentum and Vector Sum Analysis Made Simple Linear Momentum and Vector Sum Analysis Made Simple by Wiley L Howell Wiley Howell knows the importance of keeping linear momentum equations simple for a jury He wrote this book 1000 Damage Profiling Physical Evidence A Tutorial Damage Profiling and Physical Evidence A Tutorial by Wiley L Howell IPTMs newest publication Damage Profiling and Physical Evidence A Tutorial offers traffic crash investigators and reconstructionists a unique way 1600 1 2

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Ink Accessories Shop By Price 000 999 8 1000 1999 3 2000 and above 3 View As Sort By Relevance Show 12 Items 112 of 14 Total 1 2 Echo Sky Ink Refills Black Medium Point 5Pack For Echo Sky Pulse smartpens 695 Echo Sky Ink Refills Blue Fine Point 5Pack For Echo Sky Pulse smartpens 695 Smartpen Portfolio Fits A5 size notebooks 2495 Echo Sky Ink Refills Blue Medium Point 5Pack For Echo Sky Pulse smartpens 695 1 2

O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


All Games Adventure Games Island Survival Community Hub Island Survival Island Survival is a firstperson Survival game with realistic scenes rich contents and exciting plots The island is in great danger and there are a large number of zombies They try their best to survive in the island they try their best to have weapons they try their best to build their own houses they try their best to explore All Reviews No user reviews Release Date Oct 9 2018 Developer lucky sun Entertainment Technology Development Co Ltd Publisher lucky sun Entertainment Technology Development Co Ltd to add this item to your wishlist follow it or mark it as not interested Is this game relevant to you Sign in to see reasons why you may or may not like this based on your games friends and curators you follow or Singleplayer Steam is learning about this game Languages Interface Full Audio Subtitles English Title Island Survival Genre Action Adventure Casual Indie Developer lucky sun Entertainment Technology Development Co Ltd Publisher lucky sun Entertainment Technology Development Co Ltd Release Date Oct 9 2018 View update history Read related news View discussions Find Community Groups Coming soon This item is not yet available About This Game Island Survival is a firstperson Survival game with realistic scenes rich contents and exciting plots The island is in great danger and there are a large number of zombies They try their best to survive in the island they try their best to have weapons they try their best to build their own houses they try their best to explore the island and catch prey WASD controls the task Mouse wheel switch weapons Mouse control lens System Requirements Minimum OS Windows 788110 Processor 24GHz Memory 2048 MB RAM Graphics DirectX 90c and Shader Model 30at least 512MB Storage 1560 MB available space Sound Card DirectX 90c More like this Book of Demons 20 2499 1999 Idle Champions of the Forgotten Realms Free to Play Ultimate Chicken Horse 40 1499 899 Moss 25 2999 2249 Castle Crashers 80 1499 299 BattleBlock Theater 80 1499 299 Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy 50 799 399 Jet Island 15 1999 1699 Accounting 40 1199 719 Tower Unite 30 1499 1049 Clicker Heroes 2 20 2999 2399 Duck Season 35 1999 1299 There are no reviews for this product You can write your own review for this product to share your experience with the community Use the area above the purchase buttons on this page to write your review

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