Staining FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month When using the Fite procedure mycobacteria are stained red CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 286 Terms in this set 286 When using the Fite procedure mycobacteria are stained red Which of the following will bind to acid mucosubstances and may then be demonstrated by the Prussian blue reaction colloidal iron Parallel sections are stained with PAS one with and one without diastase digestion When the staining results are evaluated the digested section demonstrates sites where glycogen was removed Which of the following pigments is birefringent formalin Acid mucosubstances and neutral mucosubstances can be differentiated by staining with both alcian blue and PAS In the colloidal iron method of staining the principle of the reaction is believed to be the formation of an ionic bond between ferric iron and the free carboxyl group of acid mucopolysaccharides In order to suppress background and nonspecific staining a Congo red solution frequently contains sodium chloride In metachromatic staining strong acid mucosubstances can be distinguished from weaklyacid mucosubstances by varying the pH The PAS reaction is useful for the demonstration of neutral mucopolysaccharides A section of muscle has been stained with the Verhoeffvan Gieson procedure Microscopic examination shows blueblack nuclei pale pink collagen and unstained muscle fibers the significance of these results is that the picric acid was too dilute A lymph node is stained with a silver method for reticulin and counterstained with nuclear fast red After dehydration there is a film over the entire slide that remains through clearing and coverslipping The most likely cause is that the slides were not rinsed with water after counterstaining Yellowbrown pigment often found in cardiac muscle and liver cells in increasing amounts with age or debilitated states is known as lipofuscin Hemosiderin hemoglobin and bile pigment are classified as endogenous pigments The most appropriate hematoxylin solution for nuclear staining in a lengthy procedure that uses several very acidic solutions is one that is mordanted with iron A modified phosphotungstic acidhematoxylin procedure can be used to demonstrate glial fibers Which of the following is an argyrophil method Grimelius In the Bodian technique interference with primary staining may occur with prolonged treatment in oxalic acid The staining intensity of eosin is increased in muscle and red blood cells when tissues are fixed in Zenker solution The laboratory has used all of the supply of aluminum hematoxylin solution In order to prepare a new solution immediate use the solution must be chemically oxidized A commonly used connective tissue procedure that stains collagen blue Masson trichrome When using the cresyl echt violet method Nissl substance and nuclei can be preferentially stained by varying the degree of differentiation and the solution pH Muscle that histologically contains cytoplasmic crossstriations and has multiple nuclei located at the edge of the fibers is classified as skeletal A method for demonstrating nucleic acids in which DNA stains green and RNA stains red is methylgreen pyronin An effective counterstain following some silver impregnation procedures is light green The FontanaMasson technique may be used to stain melanin Which of the following is a regressive staining method for demonstrating a connective tissue component Verhoeffvan Gieson The differentiating solution in the Holzer method for glial fibers is aniline oilchloroform Which of the following staining procedures is preferred for demonstrating intracytoplasmic DNAtype viral inclusions in tissue Feulgen A solvent that is commonly used in oil red O and Sudan black B solutions to prevent the loss of lipids during fat staining is propylene glycol In the Verhoeffvan Gieson technique for demonstrating elastic fibers the Verhoeff staining solution may be used for a few hours A ZiehlNeelsen procedure is done on a lung granuloma but no acidfast organisms are demonstrated It would be wise to verify the absence of these organisms by using which of the following procedures Truant auraminerhodamine Microscopic inspection of a PASstained control section for fungi reveals very palely stained fungal organisms making identification difficult A likely cause for this problem is the use of depleted Schiff reagent A methyl greenpyronin procedure is done on a formalinfixed section of tissue but there is no evident RNA Unless the procedure has been modified for formalin fixation which of the following fixatives would have given more desirable results in this situation Carnoy Examples of natural dyes are hematoxylin carmine and indigo A chemical that will bleach melanin is hydrogen peroxide Which of the following characteristics of ammoniacal silver solutions may cause tissue sections to wash off during percipitation alkalinity The primary staining solution used in the Schmorl technique contains ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide Which of the following procedures stains fibrin blue nuclei blue and collagen red Mallory phosphotungstic acidhematoxylin In the Verhoeffvan Gieson technique for demonstrating elastic fibers the Verhoeff staining solution is made fresh before each use Microscopic review of a section stained with the WarthinStarry technique shows the spirochetes stained yellow The most likely cause of the problem is underdeveloping Argentaffin cells found in the epithelium of the stomach and intestines are known as which of the following cells enterochromaffin Which of the following substances is used in acidfast staining procedures to enhance carbolfuchsin staining and aid in dissolving the fuchsin dye phenol True epithelial cells lining ventricles and the spinal canal are called ependymal Solutions of anionic dyes in picric acid are used to demonstrate collagen Which of the following pigments can be stained with Sudan black B and carbol fuchsin lipofuscin Transitional epithelium refers to urothelium Microscopic evaluation of a Brown Brennstained control section shows the presence of grampositive organisms but no gramnegative organisms This problem is most likely caused by overdifferentiation in picric acidacetone Which of the following elastic stains perform well after any fixative gives intense black staining of coarse fibers must be differentiated microscopically and gives permanent results with little fading Verhoeff The addition of thymol crystrals to staining solutions used for demonstrating microorganisms serves to inhibit mold growth A technique that can be used to demonstrate lipids in paraffin sections is fixation with osmium tetroxide The reducing agent in diamine silver procedures for reticulin demonstration is most frequently formaldehyde The basic component of the central nervous system is the neuron Which of the following combination of stains will demonstrate both myelin sheath and nerve fibers Luxol fast blue and Holmes A silver impregnation technique for demonstrating neurofibrils that uses formalin as a reducing agent is the ___ technique GrosBielschowsky The most consistently reliable technique for demonstrating fungi in tissues is the Grocottmethenaminesilver In addition to hematoxylin and potassium or ammonium alum a traditional solution of Mayer hematoxylin contains sodium iodate chloral hydrate and citric acid For light microscopic evaluation it is generally necessary to use special stains to demonstrate fungi in tissue sections because fungi are never demonstrated with routine procedures Which of the following staining procedures is most suitable for demonstrating general tissue morphology hematoxylin and eosin An example of an exogenous pigment is carbon The sequence of reactions in the Wilder and Snook ammoniacal silver methods for demonstrating reticulin fibers is oxidation sensitization silver impregnation reduction The Gomori ammoniacal silver technique for demonstrating reticulin will also demonstrate small brain capillaries The largest portion of the brain is the cerebrum Hemosiderinladen macrophages present in the alveolar spaces of the lung can be distinguished from other pigmented macrophages by staining with Prussian blue The pigment commonly know as wear and tear pigment or brown atrophy is lipofuchin To properly classify bone it may be described as cancellous and compact Melanin is normally found in the skin A gram stain has been done on a reactive inflammatory lymph node and the background structures are stained intense red making identification of gramnegative organisms very difficult This is most likely due to poor differentiation with picric acidacetone Which of the following acids in an alcoholic solution is most commonly used to differentiate aluminumhematoxylin stained sections hydrochloric In the orcinalnew fuchsin technique elastic fibers stain deep violet tinged with brown Which of the following is a metachromatic stain used for identifying neurons and neuroglial cells toluidine blue Connective tissue proper refers to tissue composed of collagen reticulin and elastin A staining method used to demonstrate microglia is Del RioHortega The purpose of iodine in Gram procedures for staining bacteria is to form a dye lake with crystal violet The terms squamous cuboidal and columnar describe cells that have their orgin in which tissue epithelial The atomic grouping within a dye that gives it its color is called a chromophore In which of the following staining methods for nerve fibers is hydroquinone used Bodian The reagent used for adjusting the pH to 34 in the Gomori trichrome stain solution for use on frozen sections of muscle is 1 N NaOH The purpose of classifying bacteria as either grampositive or gramnegative is to determine susceptibility of organisms for certain treatment Which of the following chemicals is used as both a mordant and a differentiator in the Heidenhain hematoxylin procedure for demonstraiting ameba ferric ammonium sulfate Fixation of tissues for 2 weeks in which of the following will most likely impair nuclear staining Zenker solution A researcher wishes to differentiate the different types of granulocytes in a tissue section The stain of choice is a Romanowsky A substance that has the ability to both bind silver and reduce it to a visible metallic form is said to be argentaffin After HE staining the cytoplasm in a tissue section apears hazy obscure and contrasts poorly with the nuclei The most likely cause is that slides were not differentiated properly in alcohol Rinsing in alcohol or water after primary stain application should be avoided in the thionin method for demonstrating Nissl substance because the primary stain will be removed Microscopic review of auraminerhodamine stained control slides will reveal mycobacteria A dye in which the coloring elements are found in the anionic portion of the compound is a acid dye The Stein and Hall techniques are based on the conversion of bile pigment to biliverdin The acid used in the Prussian Blue reaction is hydrochloric Areolar connective tissue is also know as loose connective tissue A hematoxylin solution that is only used progressively is Mayer Nuclei stained with a new Harris hematoxylin solution are predominately red and imprecisely outlined This is most likely because of the use of incompletely oxidized hematoxylin In the Hall method Fouchet reagent is used to demonstrate bile To achieve the desired intensity of purple when using the Gomori aldehyde fuchsin stain for demonstrating elastic tissue the paraldehyde used to prepare the reagent should be fresh Microscopic examination of an HEstained section shows a pink artifact surrounding the tissue and in tissue spaces The most probable cause of this artifact is surplus adhesive on the slide In the Mallory phosphotungstic acidhematoxylin PTAH method skeletal muscle striations stain blue Acidophilic tissue components that should appear stained different shades of pink following HE staining are muscle collagen and erythrocytes In order for the Gram stain to work properly it is important to apply the mordant after the crystal violet Which of the following methods use a methenamine solution Jones and Gomori The purpose of an acetic acid rinse in the Gomori onestep trichrome procedure is to make color shades more transparent Differential staining of nuclei and cytoplasm with Giemsa solution is an example of polychromasia Which of the following histological features is unique to cardiac muscle intercalated disc Pigment that is present on the surface of cells but not within them is probably artifactual oligodendroglia are cells that function in the production and maintenance of myelin sheaths that surround axons Which of the following is an example of a metachromatic stain toluidine blue Hemosiderin can be removed from tissue by treating the sections with a dilute solution of sulfuric acid Which of the following procedures will demonstrate most amoebae in tissue sections periodic acidSchiff Which of the following is an iron hematoxylin solution that is frequently used for nuclear staining Weigert The pigment that is formed following a reaction of ferrous ions with potassium ferricyanide is Turnbull blue Microscopic examination of a skeletal muscle section stained with PTAH reveals very pale pink staining of the collage The most common cause of this pale staining is prolonged water and alcohol rinses A staining procedure that allows correlative studies of cellular elements fiber pathways and vascular components of the nervous system is the Luxol fast blue combined with the ___ stain Periodic acidSchiffhematoxylin Cells that are numerous in connective tissue and have cytoplasmic granules that stain metachromatically are mast cells An elastic tissue stain that may also be useful for staining beta cells of pancreatic islets is Gomori aldehyde fuchsin Stains for simple lipids are performed on which of the following sections frozen The toughest of the connective tissue fibers is collagen Which of the following is the only hematogenous pigment found in normal red blood cells hemoglobin Oil red O staining is based on the principle of absorption Which of the following methods involves the reduction of ferric ions to ferrous ions followed by precipitation with the Turnbull blue reaction Schmorl in the Gomori aldehyde fuchsin technique elastic fibers stain violet purple In the Gomori technique sodium urate crystals are stained with methenaminesilver A method that will selectively stain astrocytes in frozen sections is the Cajal gold sublimate Which of the following is an argyrophil stain for neurofibrils that can also be used to demonstrate neurosecretory granules SevierMunger Some argentaffin cells are also known as Kulchitsky cells Which of the following acts as the differentiating solution in the Verhoeffvan Gieson procedure ferric chloride The staining mechanism in which metallic substances are selectively deposited on structures and made visible by reduction of the metal is called impregnation Entamoeba histolytica can be demonstrated well with which of the following procedures or methods Periodic acidSchiff In the Gomori onestep trichrome stain collagen stains green In humans nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium is found coveringlining the esophagus The cytoplasmic granules in connective tissue mast cells stain well with toluidine blue Granules found in cells of the adrenal medulla that appear brown when fixed in Orth solution chromaffin In the Weigert stain for fibrin the principal coloring agent is crystal violet Microscopic examination of an HE stained brain section reveals basophilic material in the cytoplasm of the neuron This material is most likely RNA Which of the following methods is a modification of the Bodian technique that uses a buffered impregnating solution to increase the specificity of the stain Holmes Which of the following stains is dependent upon differences in the bacterial cell wall for differential staining Gram Acid alcohol decolorizers are generally recommended over aqueous decolrizers for use with acidfast procedures because alcoholic solutions allow more uniform decolorization A section of which of the following provides a control when demonstrating elastic fibers lung Which of the following hematoxylin solutions contains ethylene glycol and aluminum sulfate Gill A tumor or new growth largely made up of nerve cells is called a neuroma In the Jones and Gomori methenaminesilver techniques for basement membranes sections are oxidized with chromic acid To aid in the specific identification of a mycotic infection which of the following techniques may be used fluorescent antibody FA A component of nerve tissue that can be demonstrated by gold and silver impregnation techniques isare neurofibrils Nissl substance can be demonstrated with which of the following stains thionin and cresyl echt violet Tissue intended for BrownHopps staining of grampositive and gramnegative bacteria is fixed in Bouin solution The most likely effect of this fixative on staining results is to inhibit staining In the Wilder technique for demonstrating reticulin uranyl nitrate acts as a n sensitizer Microscopic evaluation of an HEstained section reveals dark deposits of material dispersed irregularly over the tissue The most likely cause of this problem is that the hematoxylin solution was not filtered before use Microscopic review of a GMSstained section shows elastic fibers crenated red cells and mucin all stained black This is most likely the result of overexposure to hot methenamine silver During microscopic examination of a fungus stain extraneous fungal elements are seen above rather than in the section The most likely cause for this problem is contaminated staining solutions Sections of lung stained with GMS and PAS show positive staining of what appear to be crytococcal organisms However the same ovalshaped bodies are seen in nongranulomatous areas and on edges of the tissue This positive staining material is therefore most likely talcum powder Spirochetes are filamentous bacteria that are known to be argyrophilic Following hematoxylin and eosin staining slides are dehydrated through ascending strengths of alcohol and cleared in xylene however the first xylene in the series is milky white The most appropriate action is to change alcohols and xylenes at the end of the series In the WarthinStarry technique occasional staining of nuclei melanin and other pigments may interfere with indentification of the microorganisms Modifications in the staining procedure that might eliminate this problem are shorter development and lower pH YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 140 terms Staining 57 terms CH8 Connective and Muscle tissue HT 08 Connective and Muscle Tissue HT 104 Nerve Tissue Stains THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH Ht Exam NSH nerve micro HT Practice Staining 1

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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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Systems Understanding Aid FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Terms in this set 23 Steps in Accounting Process 1 Transactions Occur 2 Prepare Documents 3 Record in Journals 4 Post to Ledgers 5 Prepare Unadjusted General Ledger Trial Balance 6 Prepare and Post Adjusting Entries 7 Prepare Adjusted Trial Balance 8 Prepare Financial Statements 9 Prepare Closing Entries Journals Sales Journal Cash Receipts Journal Purchases Journal Cash Disbursements Journal Payroll Journal General Journal Adjusting Entries Prepaid Expense Accrued Expense Accrued Revenue Unearned Revenue Estimated Items Internal Controls Adequate Documentation and Records prenumbered consecutively prepare in timely manner simple to understand designed for multiple users aids preparation Authorization of Transactions Separation of the custody of assets from accounting Independent Checks on Performance recalculations reconciliations number sequencing comparisons Document paper documents and reports of all types squigly box Manual Operation or Process the performance by a human of any processing function which causes a change in value form or location of information trapezoid Terminal Beginning ending or interruption of flowchart used to indicate information entering or leaving system long oval Offline Storage storage of documents and records triangle JournalLedger Symbol record of processed information in journalsledgers parallelogram Decision used to indicate a decision requiring different actions for a yes or no answer diamond Annotation the addition of descriptive comments or explanatory notes as a clarification Onpage Connector exit to or entry from another part of flowchart on same page keyed by using number circle Offpage Connector exit to or entry from another part of flowchart on a different page keyed by using page numbers and key letters Directional Flowlines 1 Direction or processing or data flow 2 Dotted line indicates only information flow not document flow Sales and Cash Receipts Cycle Sales receive orders from customers ship goods bill customers record sales in journal and subsidiary ledger summarize journal and post to general ledger Cash Receipts receive cash enter in cash receipts prelist deposit cash record cash receipts in journal and subsidiary ledger summarize journal and post to GL Sales Returns and Allowance process sales returns and allowance requests receive goods credit customers record in journal and subsidiary ledger summarize journal and post to GL Estimate of Bad Debt Expense determine provision for bad debts record in GJ and post to GL Writeoff of Uncollectible Accounts identify uncollectible accounts receivable record in GJ post to subsidiary ledger and post to GL Sales Documents 1 Customer Purchase Order request goods from customer 2 Bill of Lading prepared at time of shipping indicating merchandise quantity no dollar amounts 3 Sales Invoice price includes freight insurance terms 4 Price List Cash Receipts Documents 1 Remittance Advice accompanies the sales invoice mailed to customer an can be returned with payment 2 Cash Receipts Prelist lists each cash receipt 3 Bank Deposit Slip Sales Returns and Allowances Documents 1 Sales Return Request authority to return 2 Receiving Report prepared when goods received description of goods quantity and date 3 Credit Memo amount and terms original sent to customer and copy used for accounting records Sales and Cash Receipts Internal Controls prenumbered documents authorization 1 approval of credit before shipment takes place 2 shipment of goods 3 determination of appropriate prices 4 approval of credit to AR 5 determining cash discounts person responsible for shipping goods or receiving cash have no accounting responsibility compare prices on invoices charged to customers for shipments to a price list approved by management Purchases and Cash Disbursements Cycle Purchases process purchase orders receive goods record purchases in journal and subsidiary ledger summarize journal and post to GL Cash Disbursements disburse cash record cash disbursements in journal and subsidiary ledger summarize journal and post to GL Purchases Returns and Allowances request purchase return or allowance return goods record in journal and subsidiary ledger summarize journal and post to GL Provision for Depreciation and adjustments for prepaids and accruals determine appropriate adjustments record in GJ and post to GL Purchase Documents 1 Purchase Requisition 2 Purchase Order requesting goods from a vendor name address of vendor the goods desired and desired delivery date 3 Receiving Report time tangible goods received 4 Vendors Invoice specifies amount of money owed Purchases Returns and Allowances Documents 1 Return or Allowance Request return or allowance and credit granted 2 Shipping document indicate return and not sale 3 Debit memo amount and terms Purchases and Cash Disbursement Internal Controls Independent checks 1account for all receiving reports 2 prices paid are reasonable 3 math accuracy 4 reconcile all control accounts 5 bank reconciliation

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Blaw Ch 18 21 22 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Terms in this set 45 Injunctions are commonly used by courts to force employees to complete their contractual obligations with their employers F Expectation interest can best be described as money spent in reliance upon the agreement F Damages must be established with reasonable certainty T Dr Gonzalez ordered specialized surgical equipment from Physicians Supply Co but his order was not delivered by the agreed date Gonzalez is under no obligation to minimize damages since the contract was breached by Physicians Supply not Gonzalez F The Milicic v Basketball Marketing Company Inc case illustrated the proper use of a preliminary injunction T Liquidated damages are awarded to parties who have experienced an injury to their legal rights but have NO actual loss F Lucky a contractor enters into a contract with Penny a homeowner to remodel her kitchen The contract provides a specific completion date The contract provides that if Lucky does not have the job finished by the date Penny may deduct 100 per day from the contract price until the job is finished This is an example of liquidated damages T Ernest operates an ice cream stand during the months of May June July and August Ernests ice cream machine is broken and needs a new part to run He contracts to have the part shipped to him by special carrier Ernest emphasizes that the part needs to be delivered by April 25 or he will not be able to be open on May 1 as he has advertised If the shipper fails to deliver the part on April 25 Ernest will be able to RECOVER consequential damages caused by the delay T Most courts hold that a seller of goods is not entitled to consequential damages T Tess a tenant moves from her apartment in breach of the lease agreement The landlord Lenny has NO duty to mitigate his damages by attempting to rent the apartment F Specific performance is available when the subject matter of the contract is unique T Under the UCC the buyer is entitled to consequential damages if the seller could have reasonably foreseen them T Nominal damages are awarded in contract cases in which a damage amount was named in the contract F Banner enters into a contract with Sylvia to buy her house for 150000 Sylvia decides later not to sell because she is so emotionally attached to the house Banner insists that he is entitled to the house Banner can successfully sue for specific performance T Oliver contracts with Carpet Village for replacement carpeting throughout his house The total contract price is 15000 Carpet Villages anticipated profit on the job is 7500 If Oliver breaches the contract before Carpet Village has begun work on the job and has not incurred any expenses then its damages will be 7500 T Myrtle walks into Hanks Hardware Store and says I need metal storage shelves that can hold 500 pounds Hank directs her to a metal storage shelving system Myrtle buys the shelving recommended by Hank When Myrtle puts 475 pounds of weight on the bottom shelf it breaks Hanks Hardware breached the warranty of merchantability F A product liability case may be brought in warranty negligence or strict liability but it must have the element that a person or business has been HURT by goods T Under the UCC no warranty of title arises unless the contract is in writing F Express warranties must be in writing F Even though a car has an obvious dent in the rear quarter panel the salesperson tells a potential customer This car has never been in an accident The salespersons statement creates an express warranty F The MagnusonMoss Warranty Act requires sellers to give written warranties F To find an express warranty not all courts require proof that the buyer relied on the sellers statement T Generally the parties to a contract may limit or alter the damages recoverable for a breach of warranty as long as their actions are NOT unconscionable T Many states prohibit a seller from disclaiming implied warranties in the sale of consumer goods T Mark a power tool salesman promises Jill a customer that the Turbo Power Hedge Trimmer 1000 will easily cut through bamboo up to 3 inches thick Marks statement constitutes an express warranty if Jill purchases the hedge trimmer T Strict liability is based on contract law F A tag attached to a tree in a nursery identifying the tree as a Southern Magnolia creates an express warranty T In a tort case the statute of limitations runs from the time the defect was discovered T A statute of repose places an absolute limit on when a lawsuit may be filed regardless of when the defect is discovered T The economic loss doctrine states that when the injured party is a corporation and the harm is purely economic the only remedies available are those under the MagnusonMoss Warranty Act F A buyer has an absolute right to reject goods as long as the rejection is timely F Tender means to physically deliver the goods to the buyer F Under the perfect tender rule the buyer may reject the goods if they fail in any respect to conform to the contract T The common law requirement that the seller make a tender of delivery that conforms in all respects to the contract requirements was retained by drafters of the UCC although the Code includes sections that limit the rules effect T A seller may not make minor necessary repairs or adjustments that will bring the goods into conformity in order to cure nonconforming goods F Wimble ordered 800 worth of proquality luminescent orange tennis balls from Sports Unlimited On June 1 Sports Unlimited shipped standard white tennis balls that were rejected by Wimble Wimble bought the same number of proquality luminescent orange balls from another supplier the same day for 550 In a suit against Sports Unlimited Wimble may recover 800 F In some industries it is routine practice to draft contracts permitting imperfection in the sellers goods thereby limiting the effect of the perfect tender rule by the parties agreement T Course of dealing refers to prior commercial transactions between the same parties T A homeowner has a contract with a firewood supplier to bring a rick of hardwood at the beginning of each month from October through March If for the first three deliveries the supplier has brought a mixture of hard and soft woods the homeowner can not reject a delivery in January because it includes some soft wood T A buyer who accepts nonconforming goods may revoke the acceptance under limited circumstances T In the Zion Temple First Pentecostal Church of Cincinnati Ohio Inc v Brighter Day Bookstore Gifts case the court found that because of an error in the catalog there was no right to cure a nonconformity with the sleeves of the robes F Liquidated damages are never permitted under the UCC F If Chuck buys cheese from Cheese Inc then fails to inspect the cheese within a reasonable amount of time and does not reject the shipment Chuck has accepted the shipment even if there is nonconformity T A buyers material breach gives the seller the right to refuse to deliver the goods T Matson agrees to purchase 500 wooden chairs from Woodcarvers Inc After Woodcarvers sets the chairs aside in its warehouse but before the risk of loss passes to Matson the chairs are destroyed in a fire which was not the fault of Woodcarvers The contract between Matson and Woodcarvers is void T YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 56 terms BUL3350 Bailey Exam 1 Business Law Exam 3 70 terms Business law Ch 1322 BLAW FINAL OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 21 terms Waiting in a Line PQL Test 3 9 terms PQL Test 3 Theory of Constraints 12 terms PQL Test 2 Standardized Work 23 terms PQL Test 2 Quality

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


POLI SCI 102 Chpt 9 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month A twothirds vote in both chambers of Congress is necessary to override a Presidential veto CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE Terms in this set 130 A twothirds vote in both chambers of Congress is necessary to override a Presidential veto Appropriations are the amounts of money approved by Congress in statutes that each unit or agency can spend Congress is a bicameral legislature which means that its members are divided between the House of Representatives and Senate Historically the most important arenas of congressional policy making have been standing committees How can a bill become a law without the signature of the president if the House and Senate override the presidents veto through a twothirds majority If the House and Senate pass different versions of a piece of legislation the differences will be resolved in a conference committee Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month In Congress senioritythe length of time one has served in the House or Senateusually determines committee chairs In recent years the use of the filibuster and cloture in the US Senate has increased to record levels Members of the House of Representatives that are making voting decisions are most likely to listen to the interest groups that are connected to the constituents in the members district Pork barrel legislation is a form of ____ in which Members of Congress ____ patronage secure direct benefits for their districts or states Presidential power to make treaties and to appoint top executive officers ambassadors and federal judges is subject to the Senates advice and consent power The Speaker of the House is the leader of the majority party The president pro tempore in the Senate is ____ the majority and minority leaders less powerful than The process of redrawing legislative district boundary lines to provide political advantage or disadvantage is known as gerrymandering What is a reason that House members are more attuned to the legislative needs of local interest groups than members of the Senate House members need to seek reelection more frequently What is the primary concern of the majority of private bills introduced in Congress obtaining citizenship for foreign nationals What is the purpose of select committees to highlight or investigate a particular issue What was decided by the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v Federal Election Commission It allowed outside groups and individuals to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections What would be the closest Senate counterpart to the House Ways and Means Committee the Senate Finance Committee Which of the following statements about congressional polarization is accurate The Republican Party has experienced the greatest ideological shift in recent years Which type of representation occurs when representatives have the same racial ethnic religious or educational backgrounds as their constituents sociological Who holds the power of recognition in the Senate the majority leader ____ is the formal charge by the House of Representatives that a government official has committed Treason Bribery or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors Impeachment Which of the following was a new restriction on lobbying enacted in 2007 The individual contributors to a bundled donation by lobbyists will now have been disclosed Which of the following are external sources of influence on Congressional policies interestgroup coalitions and presidential proposals Why is it so rare for a bill to be defeated in the floor vote in the House or Senate Leadership makes sure that they have enough votes for passage before bringing it into vote Which of the following is a power granted to the Senate but not to the House the power to approve treaties Why are positions on the Senate and House Appropriations Committees so desirable to members of Congress They provide the opportunity for credit claiming as members bring projects to their own districts Positions on these committees give control over major entitlement programs such as Social Security How is a chair chosen for each of the committees in Congress by seniority with occasional exceptions based on new policies Which of the following statements about the nature of party unity in voting is accurate It remains common for the majority of one party to oppose the majority of the other party on most issues Senate length of term is six years at least nine years of citizenship is required and both local and statewide constituency Environment and Public Works and Commerce Science and Transportation Committee convicts or acquits the individual charged involves a vote requiring a twothirds majority House variable number representing each state and minimum age of member is 25 years Ethics and Ways and Means Committee involves a vote requiring a simple majority initiates the impeachment process and charges an individual with Treason Bribery or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors Party unity votes reached a 60year high in 2010 in the ___ The years after 1990 were characterized by a much greater degree of ___ than were the years prior to 1970 The year 1970 was marked by relatively weak __ Senate partisan polarization party leadership In either chamber after the bill passes committee it goes to ___ Later after a Hearings Committee markup in the House it goes to the __ and in the Senate it goes to the ___ On the Senate side after a bill passes the Senate floor the first time it goes to the ___ subcommittee Rules Committee majority leader Speaker of the House Which of the following statements best describes a case of sociological representation An AfricanAmerican woman votes for an AfricanAmerican congressional candidate of similar age who is then elected Which of the following statements about Congresss oversight capacity is accurate Congressional committees may investigate a program and choose to change or eliminate it Which of the following statements about the committee deliberation of a bill is accurate Floor action on bills can not proceed without deliberation by the committee that has jurisdiction Choose all of the following ways in which the House Ways and Means Committee a standing committee is comparable to the joint committee that deals with taxation Both have chairpersons usually chosen based on seniority They are both permanent committees If a member of Congress chooses to vote against his or her party what can the party do to sanction that member take away access to leadership PAC funds take away access to speak on the floor remove favorable committee assignments Choose all of the following ways in which party unity in the House differs from party unity in the Senate Whip action in the House plays a more crucial role than in the Senate Party unity is typically greater in the House Senate leadership has fewer formal tools to gain loyalty from members than does House leadership How was the uncharacteristic dip in incumbency reelection for Republicans in 2006 similar to the dip in incumbency reelection for Democrats in 2010 The two dips were issuebased dissatisfaction with foreign policy led to Republican losses and dissatisfaction with the economy led to Democratic losses Pass a bill 51 senate votes needed Invoke colture 60 senate votes needed Overturn presidential veto 67 senate votes needed The __ alone has the right to approve or deny the presidents appointments of __ Approval for these nominees requires a __ Senate federal judges simple majority Private Bill A member of Congress writes a bill that exempts a constituent from Medicaid limits for one year A representative introduces a bill that grants citizenship to an immigrant so that she can attend a state university Pork Barrel A congressman inserts language into a bill that builds a bridge with federal money Several representatives earmark money in an economic stimulus bill for projects in their district Which of the following are accurate regarding the leadership positions in the Senate and House The majority leader in the Senate holds a higher position of power than does the majority leader in the House The House has more party leadership positions than does the Senate House impeachment process initiates the impeachment process involves a vote requiring a simple majority and charges an individual with Treason Bribery or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors Senate impeachment process involves a vote requiring a twothirds majority and convicts or acquits the individual charged Political polarization in Congress seemed to reach a new highwater mark with the 113th Congress Which of the following are consequences of this polarization a new record for the single least productive congressional year government shutdown over budget battles an impasse over the Affordable Care Act and lowest recorded level of public confidence in Congress The process of apportionment occurs every __ years and may grant additional seats to those states with __ The process of redistricting is controlled by the majority party in the __ The process of __ occurs as part of redistricting and may intentionally give power to a specific political or demographic group ten population growth state legislature gerrymandering How does the leaderships control of floor debate in the House differ from the leaderships control of floor debate in the Senate The House minority leader on a committee grants a member 30 minutes to speak on the bill In the Senate the leadership could not limit the speakers time to 30 minutes Rank the House leadership positions in level of power starting with most powerful Speaker of the House House majority leader majority whip and chief deputy majority whip How did the ruling of Citizens United v Federal Election Commission affect the public perception of Congress It increased public belief that Congress is overly influenced by special interests Which of the following statements about what congressional staff do is accurate draft legislation develop policy proposals organize hearings and negotiate with lobbyists In Shelby County v Holder the__ was weakened when it was decided that the __ no longer had to validate a states redistricting plan if that state had a history of racial discrimination Voting Rights Act Department of Justice Which of the following according to the new rules of 2013 are free from the threat of filibuster executive branch nominees and federal court nominees Choose all of the major reasons for why Congress has become more politically polarized in recent years mobilization of conservative interest groups gerrymandering and population clustering How has impeachment been influenced by constitutional language in US history The vague high Crimes and Misdemeanors clause has allowed the process to be used for political reasons House Only debate time allocated by bill sponsor and processing by Rules Committee House and Senate undergoes debate in subcommittee and bill dies in committee Senate Only cloture vote and filibuster district as a whole obtaining federal projects organized interests making promotional speeches and helping secure favorable tax status individual constituents answering complaints and solving problems with government agencies Which of the following statements regarding conference committees is accurate Successful conference committee reports are generally true compromises Congressional __ committees were tasked with investigating Watergate the IranContra affair and the Whitewater scandal Joint Committee contains four permanent committees that can not report legislation Select Committee temporary designed to investigate a particular issue Standing Committee typically match issue focus of an executive branch agency and source of most important congressional policymaking Conference Committee members appointed by the Speaker of the House and the presiding officer of the Senate Which of the following characteristics were most likely to describe a Senator in 2013 white Protestant and holds a law degree What type of bills can be introduced only in the House of Representatives bills involving the spending or raising of revenues Party unity votes reached a 60year high in 2010 in the __ The years after 1990 were characterized by a much greater degree of __ than were the years prior to 1970 The year 1970 was marked by relatively weak__ Senate partisan polarization party leadership Because they have larger and more heterogeneous constituencies senators can better represent the national interest Which type of representation is described when constituents have the power to hire and fire their representative agency representation Which of these is an advantage in getting reelected afforded by incumbency incumbents can provide constituency services during their tenure Some have argued that the creation of minority congressional districts has made it more difficult for minorities to win substantive policy goals One way members of congress can work as agents of their constituents is by providing direct patronage Which of the following types of committees includes members of both the House and the Senate on the same committee conference committee Which of the following is a technique that can be used to block action on legislation in the Senate filibuster Which of the following is not an important influence on how members of Congress vote on legislation the media Which of the following is not a resource that party leaders in Congress use to create party discipline rollcall votes An agreement between members of Congress to trade support for each others bills is known as logrolling When Congress conducts an investigation to explore the relationship between what a law intended and what an executive agency has done it is engaged in oversight Which of the following statements about impeachment is not true the president is the only official who can be impeached by Congress A lineitem veto allows the governor to reject any single item in an appropriations or budget bill Proposition 140 limits the time that legislature can serve in Sacramento The legislature is composed of 80 members in the Assembly and 40 in the Senate A twothirds vote is needed to pass tax bills Partisanship in the legislature has increased in recent years The powers of the speaker of the California Assembly include al of the following except the power to assign members to committees but not to remove them during the current term Proposition 140 resulted in all of the following except an increase in office budgets The legislative process is biased in favor of change that interest groups favor California has some of the largest legislative districts in the nation This means that elections in California tend to be expensive Term limits have resulted in which of the following a decline in the knowledge needed to pass goodquality legislation agency representation a type of representation in which a representative is held accountable to a constituency if he or she fails to represent that constituency properly this is incentive for good representation when the personal backgrounds views and interests of the representative differ from those of his or her constituency apportionment the process occurring after every decennial census that allocates congressional seats among the 50 seats appropriations the amounts of money approved by Congress in statutes bills that each unit or agency of government can spend bicameral having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses distinguished from unicameral bill a proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of Congress and submitted to the clerk of the House or Senate cloture a rule or process in a legislative body aimed at ending debate on a given bill in the US Senate 60 senators threefifths must agree in order to impose a time limit and end debate conference committees joint committees created to work out a compromise on House and Senate versions of a piece of legislation conference a gathering of House Republicans every two years to elect their House leaders Democrats call their gathering the caucus constituency the residents in the area from which an official is elected filibuster a tactic used by members of the Senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down once given the floor senators have unlimited time to speak and it requires a vote of threefifths of the senate to end a filibuster gerrymandering the apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party impeachment the formal charge by the House of Representatives that a government official has committed Treason Bribery or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors incumbency holding the political office for which one is running joint committees legislative committees formed of members of both the House and the Senate logrolling a legislative practice whereby agreements are made between legislators in voting for or against a bill vote trading majority leader the elected leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives or in the Senate in the House the majority leader is subordinate in the party hierarchy to the Speaker of the House minority leader the elected leader of the minority party in the House or Senate oversight the effort by Congress through hearings investigators and other techniques to exercise control over the activities of executive agency party unity vote a rollcall vote in the House or Senate in which at least 50 percent of the members of one party take a particular position and are opposed by at least 50 percent of the members of the other party patronage the resources available to higher officials usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants licenses or special favors to supporters pocket veto a presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of a legislative session pork barrel legislation or pork appropriations made by legislation bodies for local projects that are often not needed but that are created so that local representatives can win reelection in their home districts private bill a proposal in Congress to provide a specific person with some kind of relief such as a special exemption from immigration quotas redistricting the process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives this happens every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or in response to legal challenges to existing districts rollcall vote a vote in which each legislators yes or no vote is recorded as the clerk calls the names of the members alphabetically select committees usually temporary legislative committees set up to highlight or investigate a particular issue or address an issue not within the jurisdiction of existing committees seniority the ranking given to an individual on the basis of length of continuous service on a committee in Congress sociological representation a type of representation in which representatives have the same racial gender ethnic religious or educational backgrounds as their constituents It is based on the principle that if two individuals are similar in background character interests and perspectives then one can correctly represent the others views Speaker of the House the chief of presiding officer of the House of Representatives the Speaker is the most important party and House leader and can influence the legislative agenda the fate of individual pieces of legislation and members positions within the House standing committees a permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject such as finance or agriculture term limits legally prescribed limits on the number of terms an elected official can serve veto the presidents constitutional power to prevent a bill from a becoming a law a presidential veto may be overridden by a twothirds vote of each house of Congress whip a party member in the House or Senate responsible for coordinating the partys legislative strategy building support for key issues and counting votes YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE WTP Chapter 12 Congress Combo with Chapter 9 We the people and 1 other 40 terms Congress 56 terms chapter 12 OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 50 terms CJ 301 Final Ocean 320 Quiz 5 27 terms Ocean 320 quiz 4 39 terms Ocean 320 Quiz 3 THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 35 terms POLI SCI 102 chapter 3 143 terms POLI SCI 102 Chapter 4 87 terms POLI SCI 102 Chpt 10 38 terms POLI SCI 102 chapter 2

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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Ch 9 TF FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month once a motor neuron fires all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT false CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 20

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Biology Nonspecific Defenses True or False FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month The skin is the most important defense the body has CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT True CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 12 Terms in this set 12 The skin is the most important defense the body has True Sneezing removes pathogens from your nose True Sweat mucus tears and saliva are all types of mechanical barriers used to protect you False Chemical Barriers The inflammatory response is part of the bodys first line of defense False Second line of defense Leukocytes are white blood cells that fight infections and get rid of debris True Barriers that keep out pathogens are the bodys first line of defense True The second line of defense attacks pathogens that manage to enter the body True The second line of defense includes mechanical chemical and biological barriers False The first line of defense The first line of defense includes the inflammatory response and phagocytosis False the second line of defense A nonspecific defense can be tailored to a particular pathogen False specific defense The inflammatory response is triggered by chemicals called histakines and cytomines False histamines and cytokines Biological barriers include millions of harmless bacteria live on the human skin True

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Frost77011 Chapter 10 Biology 1610 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month


50 terms emma_prejean Geology 101 Chapter 9 Geologic Time Homework Questions Adam Beyer A _____ is formed when magma intrudes between existing sedimentary layers sill If a limestone a shale and a sandstone are deposited in that order without interruption which of the following is true The limestone is the oldest and the succession is conformable What scenario requires a geologist to use the principle of crosscutting relationships A dike truncates layers in a sedimentary succession Which of the following is associated with an erosive surface a stream running across an irregular surface An igneous dike cuts across existing sedimentary layers and erupts at the surface creating a layer of basalt The basalt as well as all the layers below are then cut by a fault Which statement is true The fault is the youngest because it cuts through all the sedimentary layers and basalt A sandstone contains inclusions of metamorphic rock An igneous dike cuts both the sandstone and inclusions List the rocks from youngest to oldest igneous dike sandstone metamorphic rock If a sequence of sedimentary units is cut by a fault what does the principle of crosscutting relationships tell a geologist All of the sedimentary units must have been deposited and lithified before being cut by the fault Which of the following describes the principle of original horizontality Folded sedimentary layers were originally laid down flat and later deformed An undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks is exposed in a large river canyon Which two principles would be demonstrated by the rocks principles of superposition and lateral continuity An igneous dike cuts through limestone but not through the overlying sandstone Which of the following statements is most accurate First the limestone was laid down then intruded by the igneous dike and lastly the sandstone was deposited Following the deposition of a sequence of sedimentary rocks which event is the first to occur to produce an angular unconformity deformation An __________ exhibits sedimentary layers that are parallel to each other above and below an erosive surface disconformity Which of the following is an accurate description of a nonconformity younger sedimentary strata overlie uplifted and weathered igneous or metamorphic rocks The sedimentary layers above an erosive surface are __________ relative to all rocks present below the surface younger Which of the following is a common feature that all unconformities exhibit erosive surface What is the definition of relative dating Putting events in order from first to last Petrified wood is an example of what type of fossil preservation Permineralization Which conditions favor fossil preservation The organism is buried quickly A worm burrow is an example of which type of fossilization Trace Fossil Which of the following includes all common types of radioactive decay alpha particle emission beta particle emission electron capture Which of the following statements regarding radioactive decay is true More daughter products accumulate over time If one halflife has lapsed what is the radioactive parent to stable daughter isotope ratio 5050 Radioactive decay in mineral shows that two halflives have elapsed giving an age of approximately 14 billion years Using Table 111 as a reference what is the correct radioactive parent and stable daughter isotope pair U235 Pb207 What are the characteristics of an index fossil Limited to a short span of geologic time but widely distributed What is the best definition of fossil range The period of time when an organism first and last appears in the sedimentary record Which of the following characteristics is the most desirable for constraining the relative age of rocks organisms with overlapping ranges and geologically short lifespans Which organism from the video is the least useful for relative dating scallop If a rock contains ten different kinds of fossils which of the following must be true All of the organisms had to be alive when the rock was deposited How is the geologic time scale related to the fossil record The periods of the time scale were constructed based on ranges of fossil organisms What is correlation Matching up rocks of similar age in different regions The Principle of ________ states that organisms succeed one another in a definite determinable order that can be used to recognize a specific time period Fossil Succession What happens during radioactive decay Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes What is the scientific definition of halflife the amount of time over which the number of parent isotopes decreases by half Two containers hold the same radioactive isotope Container A contains 1000 atoms and container B contains 500 atoms Which of the following statements about containers A and B is true The rate of decay of atoms in container A is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container B A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope This isotope has a halflife of 15 months How many total atoms will be in the container after 3 months 100 atoms A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope This isotope has a halflife of 15 months How many atoms of the radioactive isotope will be in the container after 3 months 25 atoms A rock sample contains 75 atoms of a parent isotope and 25 atoms of a daughter isotope The halflife of the parent isotope is 100 years How old is this rock 50 years old What is an isotope An atom that has more or fewer neutrons than it should ________ is a term used to define 88 of Earths history prior to the start of the Paleozoic Era Precambrian Which rock is best suited for radiometric dating Granite The fossil record is biased toward preserving organisms with hard parts TF True The first life on Earth developed during the Cambrian Period TF False Which principles of relative dating did you use to answer the previous question Superposition and CrossCutting Relationships The Principles of ___________ and __________ were used to determine relative ages in the previous question Inclusions CrossCutting Relationships How is the atomic number of an atom determined counting the number of protons in the nucleus Which process is not a common form of natural radioactive decay nuclear fission Which material principle or process enables a method of numerical dating radioactivity Which is an example of radioactivity that occurs when a neutron is converted to a proton and an electron is emitted from the nucleus emission of a beta particle After four halflives of decay what is the ratio of radioactive parent isotope to stable daughter isotope 115 A radioactive element undergoes decay via the loss of two alpha particles to form a stable daughter isotope Following the decay what would the atomic number of this newly created stable isotope be The atomic number of the daughter isotope would be four units less than the original parent isotope

O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O