Manchester Oxford Road railway station From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Oxford Road railway station redirects here For the former halt on the Varsity line see Oxford Road Halt railway station Manchester Oxford Road The GradeII listed timber facade of the station Location Place Manchester city centre Local authority Manchester City Council Coordinates 534739N 22422W Coordinates 534739N 22422W Grid reference SJ840974 Operations Station code MCO Managed by Northern Number of platforms 5 DfT category C1 Live arrivalsdepartures station information and onward connections from National Rail Enquiries Annual rail passenger usage 201314 7555 million 201415 7598 million 201516 7962 million 201617 8584 million 201718 8558 million Passenger Transport Executive PTE Greater Manchester History Original company Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Pregrouping Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Postgrouping Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway 20 July 1849 Opened 1960 Rebuilt Listed status Listed feature Manchester Oxford Road station including platform structures Listing grade Grade II listed Entry number 1255053 Added to list 24 November 1995 National Rail UK railway stations A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Annual estimated passenger usage based on sales of tickets in stated financial years which end or originate at Manchester Oxford Road from Office of Rail and Road statistics Methodology may vary year on year UK Railways portal Manchester Oxford Road railway station is a railway station in Manchester England at the junction of Whitworth Street West and Oxford Street It opened in 1849 and was rebuilt in 1960 It is the second busiest of the four stations in Manchester city centre The station serves the southern part of Manchester city centre the University of Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan University on the line from Manchester Piccadilly westwards towards Warrington Chester Llandudno Liverpool Preston and Blackpool Eastbound trains go beyond Piccadilly to Crewe Leeds and Sheffield The station consists of four through platforms and one terminating bay platform The station sits on a Grade II listed viaduct which was built in 1839 as part of the Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway To reduce load on this viaduct the station unusually utilises laminated wood structures as opposed to masonry concrete iron or steel English Heritage describes it as a building of outstanding architectural quality and technological interest one of the most dramatic stations in England It was Grade II listed in 1995 Architectural critic Nikolaus Pevsner described the station as one of the most remarkable and unusual stations in the country As a key transition node for both northsouth and eastwest transpennine routes it is a recognised bottleneck and is the most delayed major station in the United Kingdom according to a Which study in 2018 with over three quarters of services failing to depart ontime during peak time It has long been envisaged since the Manchester Hub plan in 2009 that the station will be upgraded and in October 2016 a Transport and Works Act application was submitted to extend platforms at the station as part of the wider Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Oxford Road Capacity Scheme As of 2018 this application has not been approved by the government Contents 1 History 11 Future 2 Architecture 3 Service pattern 4 See also 5 6 External links History The station opened as Oxford Road on 20 July 1849 and was the headquarters of the Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway MSJAR until 1904 The station was built on the site of Little Ireland a slum of a worse character than St Giles in which about four thousand people had lived in measureless filth and stench according to Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England and of a gasworks which was relocated to the west The station buildings which were temporary wooden structures were accessed by an inclined esplanade winding to the right from Gloucester Street now Whitworth Street West to reach their north front There was a single platform on the north side of the line through to Manchester London Road now Manchester Picadilly and a second platform on a westfacing siding To allow for extra trains in connection with the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 1857 extra platforms and sidings were built but afterwards removed A meeting of MSJAR contract ticket holders in 1863 included in its list of complaints the want of punctuality especially as at Oxford Road station there is only one platform used for both passengers and milk From 1854 onwards Oxford Road served as the terminus for a service to Liverpool independent of the London and North Western Railway LNWR one of the joint owners of MSJAR The rail service went no further than Garston with the final leg of the journey being made by steamer but it alerted the LNWR to the possible use of the MSJAR by its coowner the Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway MSLR to reach areas west of Manchester Consequently in 1857 when the MSJAR began the decision being taken on the casting vote of the boards chairman by rotation an MSLR man running an Oxford Road London Road service the LNWR took strenuous measures to discourage it Every train of the service was flagged down just short of the London Road platform and not allowed to proceed further passengers being told they were liable to prosecution for trespass if they got out Goods going beyond the MSJAR were not handled at Oxford Road between March and July 1865 whilst some enlargement and widening work was carried out The MSLR pressed ahead with the joint lines to give it direct and independent rail access to Liverpool but the LNWR blocked any matching improvement to the MSJAR and to Oxford Road only offering to let these go ahead when the scheme for Manchester Central station was brought forward To defeat the Bill for the scheme the LNWR then promised to cooperate with the MSLR in widening the MSJAR and enlarging Oxford Road However the chairman of the MSLR later complained that the LNWR had ensured that no improvement took place before the MSLR had its route to Liverpool In October 1874 with Liverpool Central railway station now open a letter to the press complained that with the additional services over the Cheshire Lines now using Oxford Road it was dangerously overcrowded In the two and a half hours from eight am thirtyseven trains were booked to call at Oxford Road this was far too many considering there was but one platform Frequently passengers were compelled to alight outside the station sometimes on the siding rails at risk of personal injury because of the blockedup state of the station Furthermore it was rumoured that the LNWR was planning to run a competing service via Broadheath and Warrington between Oxford Road and Liverpool Lime Street if this were true then it would further worsen the congestion and the Board of Trade should forbid it In 1876 about twelve thousand pounds was spent on enlarging the station facilities including the provision of a refreshment room the station was then said to be handling about a hundred thousand passengers a week Trainhandling congestion was eased when Manchester Central railway station came into use and in 1892 the MSJAR under pressure to greatly improve Knott Mill rejected the suggestion of Manchester Corporation that it could kill two birds with one stone by replacing its two existing unsatisfactory stations with a single new thoroughly satisfactory station somewhere between them The MSJAR offered instead a limited reconstruction of the waiting rooms and booking hall it also rejected the councils offer of assistance with providing a more suitable approach to the station only to accept it two years later Press articles on the golden jubilee of the line in 1899 noted that the platform layout was still that of 1849 and somewhat of a museum piece if the station were to be designed today it would have a platform on each side of the main line an advantage which its frequenters know it does not possess and better use would be made of the space currently taken up by the terminal platform used principally for special trains mostly those serving Old Trafford during the cricket season Following the construction of the Windsor Link the station was refurbished in 1988 to cope with increased patronage Oxford Road platforms 1 and 2 in 1992 Reconstruction took place during 190304 The approach was further improved and the ticket office and the refreshment room expanded the MSJAR offices being removed They were to have been moved to an adjacent building but this proved unnecessary the 78yearold manager and secretary retired at the end of 1903 and administration of the line was taken over by an LNWR District Superintendent based at Manchester Exchange railway station An island platform was added on the through lines coming into use in November 1904 From 1931 it was served by the MSJARs 1500 V DC electric trains between Altrincham and Manchester Piccadilly From July 1959 Altrincham electric trains were cut back from Piccadilly to terminate at Oxford Road in two new bay platforms The stations other lines were reelectrified at 25 kV AC The whole station was again rebuilt and reopened on 12 September 1960 to a design by WR Headley and Max Glendinning of British Rails London Midland region encompassing three overlapping cones for the main structure The stations location on a viaduct running through the city centre required its load to be lightened which the architects achieved by using wood for the station structure and platform canopies When Manchester Central railway station closed in 1969 further rebuilding took place one of the bay platforms was taken out of use and a new through platform provided platform 1 the others being renumbered accordingly In 1971 the Altrincham line was reelectrified at 25 kV AC and the 1930s DC trains withdrawn from then on local trains from Altrincham ran through to Piccadilly and on to Crewe Oxford Road thus became once again predominantly a through station Use of the station increased in 1988 when the Windsor Link between Deansgate and Salford Crescent opened connecting lines to the north and south of Manchester This led to further investment in the station including the installation of computer screens In 1992 the Altrincham line stopping service was converted to light rail operation for the Manchester Metrolink Oxford Road once served almost entirely by suburban stopping trains has now returned to having many more longerdistance services The station a Grade II listed structure requires frequent maintenance In 2004 the station roof was partially refurbished to prevent leaking In 2011 the platform shelters seats and toilets were refurbished at a cost of 500000 In 2013 the station received a 18 million renovation to improve access including lifts and an emergency exit On 10 December 2017 with the opening of the Ordsall Chord it became possible for trains to run from Manchester Piccadilly to Manchester Victoria Initially an hourly Northern service operated to the Calder Valley but from May 2018 the TransPennine Express TPE Manchester Airport to Newcastle and Middlesbrough services were rerouted through the station Future In the Northern Hub plans the platforms will be extended to allow use by longer trains The bay platform will be removed to allow the other platforms to be extended Under controversial plans much of the nearby areas Victorian character will be razed including the Salisbury pub and the group of streets nearby known as Little Ireland Architecture The station had become dilapidated by the 1950s and in connection with the electrification and modernisation programme of the Manchester to London line in 1960 the old buildings were replaced by the current structure by architects William Robert Headley and Max Clendinning and structural engineer Hugh Tottenham It was designed in a distinctive style in concrete and wood with curves bringing to mind the Sydney Opera House The station is a grade II listed building Pevsner calls it One of the most interesting and innovative buildings of the period the most ambitious example in this country of timber conoid shell roofing p36 and One of the most remarkable and unusual stations in the country both for the architectural form and the technological interestit is the most dramatic and it is an important example of the deployment of timber to achieve large roof spans incorporating clerestory lightingp178 The choice of timber was forced by the weak viaduct on which the station is situated anything heavier could have compromised its structural strength The station has three overlapping conoid structures although they are only viewable from above The light conoid roofs allow for a columnfree interior space maximising space and reducing load Despite its architectural acclaim the structure began to deteriorate within ten years The roof started to leak and for years the stations platform buildings were encased in scaffolding and other metalwork partly to support the structure and prevent material falling on the platforms and passengers Partial remedial refurbishment was completed in 2004 A Class 323 and the distinctive canopies Platform 2 Platform 4 Waiting shelter Service pattern A First TransPennine Express at platform 4 with a service to Manchester Airport Northern 1tph to Wigan North Western via Bolton 2tph to Blackpool North one via Bolton one via Wigan NW 1tph to Liverpool Lime Street via NewtonleWillows 2tph to Liverpool Lime Street via Warrington Central local stopping service 2tph to Manchester Airport of which one continues to Crewe 1tph to Alderley Edge via Stockport 1tph to Manchester Piccadilly only 4tpd to BarrowinFurness and 2 tpd to Windermere TransPennine Express 1tph to Newcastle 1tph to Middlesbrough 2tph to Manchester Airport First TransPennine Express used to run the service from Manchester Airport to Blackpool North but this was passed on to the new Northern franchise on the 1st April 2016 Through services to Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley no longer stop here since the May 2018 timetable change Transport for Wales 1tph to Llandudno or Holyhead 2 trains per day weekdays only 1 to Bangor on Saturdays only via Chester some evening services terminate at Chester as do all on a Sunday 1tph to Manchester Piccadilly 8 trains per day extended through to Manchester Airport East Midlands Trains 1tph to Liverpool Lime Street fast 1tph to Norwich via Nottingham This is reduced on a Sunday most services operating hourly There are various other peak services All eastbound trains those to Nottingham Norwich Crewe Alderley Edge and Manchester Airport also call at Manchester Piccadilly v t e Manchester railways See also Greater Manchester portal Listed buildings in ManchesterM1 References a b Historic England Manchester Oxford Road station including platform structures 1255053 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 3 November 2012 Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Viaduct Heritage England Retrieved 20181001 Our plans Manchester Oxford Road Network Rail Archived from the original on 22 November 2013 Retrieved 22 November 2013 Paton Graeme 16 October 2018 Manchester Oxford Road station is worst for delays The Times UKs railway stations with most train delays revealed BBC News 16 October 2018 Network Rail Enhancements Delivery Plan Network Rail September 2016 p 11 Archived from the original on 29 September 2012 Retrieved 8 January 2017 Watch How Piccadilly and Oxford Road stations could look after 1bn redevelopment Manchester Evening News 8 October 2014 Retrieved 20181020 Piccadilly Station should get two new platforms but does crass stupidity mean it might never happen Manchester Evening News 8 February 2017 Dixon Frank 1994 The Manchester South Junction Altrincham Railway 2nd ed Oxford Oakwood Press 0853614547 Railway Committees Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 14 June 1845 p 2 Engels Frederick trans Wischnewetzky Florence Kelley 1943 The Condition of the WorkingClass in England in 1844 With a Preface written in 1892 London George Allen Unwin Ltd pp 6061 Opening of the Manchester and Altrincham Railway Manchester Times 21 July 1849 p 3 Railway Arrangements Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 2 May 1857 p 9 Meeting of Railway Contract Ticket Holders at Bowdon Northwich Guardian 31 October 1863 p 5 a b New Route from Manchester to Liverpool Liverpool Mail 10 June 1854 p 3 The Evils of Railway Competition Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 28 November 1857 p 7 advert Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 18 March 1865 p 1 Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Opening of New Station at Oxfordroad Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 30 June 1865 p 1 Manchester City Council The Oxfordroad Railway Station Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 5 May 1864 p 4 advert Opening of the New Route Between Manchester and Liverpool Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 20 May 1864 Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway Halfyearly Meeting Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 26 July 1866 p 3 Railway Intelligence London and North Western Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 16 August 1866 p 4 Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Bill Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 28 June 1876 p 8 A Daily Passenger 29 October 1874 OxfordRoad Station Dangerous Railway Competition Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser p 7 Brewster Sessions Manchester Refreshments at Oxford Road Station Manchester Times 2 September 1876 p 3 Manchester City Council The Knott Mill Railway Station Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 28 May 1892 p 9 Public Improvements in Manchester and Salford Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 23 December 1892 p 5 Street Improvements in Manchester and Salford Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 29 December 1894 p 14 Jubilee of the Bowdon Line Manchester Times 5 May 1899 p 5 Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 22 July 1899 p 9 Impending Retirement of Mr Richard Haig Brown Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 16 December 1903 p 6 Manchester Railways Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 3 February 1905 p 10 A Manchester Improvement Oxford Road Station to be Rebuilt Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 12 September 1903 p 15 Oxford Road Station Opening of the New Passenger Platform Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser 7 November 1904 p 3 a b Jenkins Simon 2017 Britains 100 Best Railway Stations p 222 9780241978986 Sensitive Design It Works Manchester Confidential 28 November 2011 Retrieved 22 November 2013 Cox Charlotte 20 September 2013 Manchester Oxford Road station is on track for overhaul Manchester Evening News Network Rail plans more trains through Manchester BBC News 12 July 2013 Retrieved 22 November 2013 Manchesters second coming but are developers destroying its industrial soul The Guardian 8 June 2016 Retrieved 10 June 2016 Oxford Road City west side Manchester Oxford Road Station including platform structures Grade II 241195 AZ of listed buildings in Manchester Listed buildings in Manchester Manchester City Council Retrieved 6 December 2017 Hartwell Clare 2002 Manchester Pesvner Architectural Guides City Guides London Yale University Press 9780300096668 Oxford Road Railway Station Manchester Modernist Society 7 April 2012 Archived from the original on 8 February 2013 Retrieved 22 November 2013 Table 82 89 90 National Rail timetable May 2018 Table 39 National Rail timetable May 2018 Table 81 National Rail timetable May 2016 Table 49 National Rail timetable May 2018 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manchester Oxford Road railway station and station information for Manchester Oxford Road railway station from National Rail Historic England Details from image database 458646 Images of England Preceding station National Rail Following station Manchester Victoria TransPennine Express North TransPennine Manchester Piccadilly Warrington Central East Midlands Trains Liverpool Norwich Manchester Piccadilly NewtonleWillows Transport for Wales Chester to Manchester Line Manchester Piccadilly Wigan North Western Northern Blackpool North to Manchester Airport Manchester Piccadilly Deansgate Northern Liverpool to Manchester N Line Manchester to Crewe line Manchester Piccadilly Birchwood Northern Liverpool to Manchester S Line Manchester Piccadilly Deansgate Terminus Deansgate Northern Manchester to Preston line Manchester Piccadilly Deansgate Northern Manchester to Southport line Manchester Piccadilly Disused railways Sale 196989 Line closed station open BR London Midland Region MidCheshire Line Terminus v t e Major railway stations in Great Britain Managed by Network Rail Birmingham New Street Bristol Temple Meads Edinburgh Waverley Glasgow Central Leeds Liverpool Lime Street Manchester Piccadilly Reading Managed by train operator Aberdeen Birmingham Moor Street Brighton Cardiff Central Crewe Gatwick Airport Glasgow Queen Street Manchester Victoria Newcastle Nottingham Sheffield Southampton Central York London Managed by Network Rail termini Cannon Street Charing Cross Euston Kings Cross Liverpool Street London Bridge Paddington St Pancras Victoria Waterloo Managed by train operator Termini Fenchurch Street Marylebone Moorgate Through stations Blackfriars City Thameslink Clapham Junction Stratford Waterloo East v t e Railway stations in Greater Manchester Categories DfT Category C1 stations Railway stations in Manchester Grade II listed buildings in Manchester Grade II listed railway stations Former Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway stations Railway stations opened in 1849 Railway stations served by East Midlands Trains Railway stations served by Northern train operating company Railway stations served by TransPennine Express Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail 1849 establishments in England

B I I I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O B O O B O O O B O O O O O B O O B O O O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

manchester oxford road railway station
railway station
manchester


MarshBillingsRockefeller National Historical Park From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia MarshBillingsRockefeller National Historical Park Carriage road within the park Location Windsor County Vermont United States Nearest city Woodstock Vermont Coordinates 433752N 723146W Coordinates 433752N 723146W Area 643 acres 260 ha Established August 26 1992 Visitors 29049 in 2011 Governing body National Park Service MarshBillingsRockefeller National Historical Park MarshBillingsRockefeller National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park in Woodstock Vermont The park preserves the site where Frederick Billings established a managed forest and a progressive dairy farm The name honors Billings and the other owners of the property George Perkins Marsh Mary Montagu Billings French Laurance Rockefeller and Mary French Rockefeller The Rockefellers transferred the property to the federal government in 1992 It is the only unit of the United States National Park System in Vermont except for a portion of the Appalachian Trail Contents 1 Features and facilities 2 History 3 Awards 4 See also 5 6 External links Features and facilities MarshBillingsRockefeller National Historical Park is located just northwest of Woodstock village on the west side of Vermont Route 12 Opposite it on the east side of the road stands the Billings Farm a working farm and heritage museum also on land originally belonging to the Billingses Parking for both properties is located on the east side of VT 12 and National Park Service staff attend visitors at both the farms visitor center and one located on the park property The area nearest the road is a landscaped area featuring the George Perkins Marsh Boyhood Home the architectural centerpiece of the park and a National Historic Landmark Although it was built in 1805 it underwent major alterations under Frederick Billings to achieve its present Late Victorian splendor Visitors can take guided tours of the house reservations recommended due to limited availability which include displays of landscape paintings highlighting the influence painting and photography had on the conservation movement The gardens have also been restored Extending up the hillside to the west is a conservation landscape of more than 600 acres 240 ha through which carriage roads and trails traverse a variety of ecosystems and landscapes A pond is located near the center of the high valley and there are several scenic viewpoints accessible from the trails The property extends westward all the way to Prosper Road where trailhead access is also provided to the western portions of the park History Charles Marsh a prominent Vermont lawyer built the core of the main house in 1805 as a fairly typical twostory fivebay Federal style house and it is where he raised his family His son George Perkins Marsh was born elsewhere in Woodstock in 1801 and grew up here before leaving for Dartmouth College when he was sixteen The younger Marsh followed his father into both law and politics winning election to Congress in 1834 as a Whig and gaining appointment to diplomatic posts by Presidents John Tyler and Abraham Lincoln Between the 1830s and 1860s he developed a philosophy of land stewardship which laid the foundation for the conservation movement in the United States with the 1864 publication of Man and Nature or the Physical Geography as Modified by Human Behavior This work updated in 1874 gave a historical assessment of the decline of earlier societies because of a lack of stewardship and made substantive calls for remedial actions to preserve the natural environment Marsh died in 1882 never seeing his ideas fully realized The Marsh estate then 246 acres 100 ha was purchased in 1869 by Frederick H Billings a native of Royalton Vermont who made a fortune as a lawyer dealing with land claims during the California Gold Rush and was one of the founding partners of the Northern Pacific Railroad serving as its president from 1873 to 1881 Between 1869 and 1881 Billings commissioned two significant enlargements and alterations to the house the first adding a wing and a mansard roof and the second designed by Henry Hudson Holley that fully transformed the building into the elaborate Queen Anne Victorian it is today Billings established what he considered to be a model farm on the property which is now the adjacent Billings Farm museum The next major owners of the property were Mary French Rockefeller Billings granddaughter and her husband Laurance Rockefeller The latter an influential conservation advisor to several United States presidents donated the house and upland properties to the people of the United States in 1992 the year the park was established The house and a surrounding 40 acres 16 ha of land were designated a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1967 for their association with Marsh and Billings and for the houses architecture which was judged a particularly fine and imposing example of Queen Anne architecture Awards MarshBillingsRockefeller National Historical Park was awarded the first Forest Stewardship Council FSC certification of a United States national park by the Rainforest Alliance s SmartWood program in August 2005 This certification made MarshBillingsRockefeller only the second United States federal land to receive such certification for sustainable forest management See also First Congregational Church of Woodstock Vermont National Register of Historic Places listings in Windsor County Vermont References National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics National Park Service Retrieved October 6 2012 Mary and Laurance Rockefellers Billings Farm and the Farm Museum Vermont Standard Retrieved May 28 2014 a b c Polly M Rettig and John D McDermott May 26 1967 National Register of Historic Places InventoryNomination MarshBillings House George Perkins Marsh Boyhood Home pdf National Park Service and Accompanying three photos exterior from 1974 32 KB Reflections on Environmental History with a Human Face Experiences from a New National Park National Park Service Retrieved 20150311 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to MarshBillingsRockefeller National Historical Park HABS MarshBillingsRockefeller NHP official site Encyclopedia article with bibliography Historic American Landscapes Survey HALS No VT1 MarshBillingsRockefeller National Historical Park 54 Elm Street Woodstock Windsor County VT 48 photos 19 color transparencies 19 measured drawings 12 photo caption pages v t e National Historical Parks of the United States v t e US National Register of Historic Places v t e Protected areas of Vermont Categories National Historical Parks of the United States Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont Historic American Landscapes Survey in Vermont Woodstock Vermont Protected areas established in 1992 National Park Service areas in Vermont Protected areas of Windsor County Vermont Museums in Windsor County Vermont Historic house museums in Vermont Houses in Windsor County Vermont George Perkins Marsh 1992 establishments in Vermont National Register of Historic Places in Windsor County Vermont Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Maryland v Pringle From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Maryland v Pringle Supreme Court of the United States Argued November 3 2003 Decided December 15 2003 Full case name State of Maryland v Joseph Jermaine Pringle Docket nos 02809 Citations 540 US 366 124 S Ct 795 157 L Ed 2d 769 2003 US LEXIS 9198 72 USLW 4103 2003 Cal Daily Op Service 10763 17 Fla L Weekly Fed S 83 Argument Oral argument Procedural history Writ of Certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Maryland Holding The arrest did not violate the Fourth Amendment because the officer had probable cause to arrest Mr Pringle Court membership Chief Justice William Rehnquist Associate Justices John P Stevens Sandra Day OConnor Antonin Scalia Anthony Kennedy David Souter Clarence Thomas Ruth Bader Ginsburg Stephen Breyer Case opinions Majority Rehnquist joined by unanimous Laws applied US Const amends IV Maryland v Pringle 540 US 366 2003 is a Supreme Court of the United States case regarding the reasonableness of the arrest of a passenger in an automobile Contents 1 Background 2 Courts opinion 3 See also 4 External links Background A police officer stopped a car for speeding at 316 am searched the car seizing 763 from the glove compartment and cocaine from behind the backseat armrest and arrested the cars three occupants after they denied ownership of the drugs and money Mr Pringle the frontseat passenger was convicted of possession with intent to distribute cocaine and possession of cocaine and was sentenced to 10 years incarceration without the possibility of parole The Maryland Court of Special Appeals affirmed but the Maryland Court of Appeals reversed holding that absent specific facts tending to show Pringles knowledge and dominion or control over the drugs the mere finding of cocaine in the back armrest when Pringle was a frontseat passenger in a car being driven by its owner was insufficient to establish probable cause for an arrest for possession of drugs Courts opinion Chief Justice Rehnquist delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court Because the officer had probable cause to arrest Pringle the arrest did not contravene the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution Maryland law authorizes police officers to execute warrantless arrests where the officer has probable cause to believe that a felony has been committed or is being committed in the officers presence Here it is uncontested that the officer upon recovering the suspected cocaine had probable cause to believe a felony had been committed the question is whether he had probable cause to believe Pringle committed that crime The substance of all the definitions of probable cause is a reasonable ground for belief of guilt Brinegar v United States 338 U S 160 175 and that belief must be particularized with respect to the person to be searched or seized Ybarra v Illinois 444 U S 85 91 To determine whether an officer had probable cause to make an arrest a court must examine the events leading up to the arrest and then decide whether these historical facts viewed from the standpoint of an objectively reasonable police officer amount to probable cause Ornelas v United States 517 U S 690 696 As it is an entirely reasonable inference from the facts here that any or all of the cars occupants had knowledge of and exercised dominion and control over the cocaine a reasonable officer could conclude that there was probable cause to believe Pringle committed the crime of possession of cocaine either solely or jointly Reversed and remanded See also List of United States Supreme Court cases volume 540 List of United States Supreme Court cases External links Written Opinion v t e United States 4th Amendment case law Scope of the Fourth Amendment Probable Cause Dumbra v United States 1925 Brinegar v United States 1949 Draper v United States 1959 Aguilar v Texas 1964 Spinelli v United States 1969 Hill v California 1971 Illinois v Gates 1983 Ornelas v United States 1996 Whren v United States 1996 Maryland v Pringle 2003 Florida v Harris 2013 Reasonable suspicion Investigative detentions and frisks Warrant Requirement Exceptions to Warrant Requirement Seizures Remedies Incorporation against States Categories United States Supreme Court cases 2003 in United States case law United States Fourth Amendment case law United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Matching statistics From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Matching is a statistical technique which is used to evaluate the effect of a treatment by comparing the treated and the nontreated units in an observational study or quasiexperiment ie when the treatment is not randomly assigned The goal of matching is for every treated unit to find one or more nontreated units with similar observable characteristics against whom the effect of the treatment can be assessed By matching treated units to similar nontreated units matching enables a comparison of outcomes among treated and nontreated units to estimate the effect of the treatment reducing bias due to confounding Propensity score matching an early matching technique was developed as part of the Rubin causal model Matching has been promoted by Donald Rubin It was prominently criticized in economics by LaLonde 1986 who compared estimates of treatment effects from an experiment to comparable estimates produced with matching methods and showed that matching methods are biased Dehejia and Wahba 1999 reevaluated LaLondes critique and show that matching is a good solution Similar critiques have been raised in political science and sociology journals Contents 1 2 Overmatching 3 See also 4 5 When the outcome of interest is binary the most general tool for the analysis of matched data is conditional logistic regression as it handles strata of arbitrary size and continuous or binary treatments predictors and can control for covariates In particular cases simpler tests like paired difference test McNemar test and CochranMantelHaenszel test are available When the outcome of interest is continuous estimation of the average treatment effect is performed Matching can also be used to preprocess a sample before analysis via another technique such as regression analysis Overmatching Overmatching is matching for an apparent confounder that actually is a result of the exposure True confounders are associated with both the exposure and the disease but if the exposure itself leads to the confounder or has equal status with it then stratifying by that confounder will also partly stratify by the exposure resulting in an obscured relation of the exposure to the disease Overmatching thus causes statistical bias For example matching the control group by gestation length andor the number of multiple births when estimating perinatal mortality and birthweight after in vitro fertilization IVF is overmatching since IVF itself increases the risk of premature birth and multiple birth It may be regarded as a sampling bias in decreasing the external validity of a study because the controls become more similar to the cases in regard to exposure than the general population See also Medicine portal Propensity score matching References Rubin Donald B 1973 Matching to Remove Bias in Observational Studies Biometrics 29 1 159183 doi 1023072529684 JSTOR 2529684 Anderson Dallas W Kish Leslie Cornell Richard G 1980 On Stratification Grouping and Matching Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 7 2 6166 JSTOR 4615774 Kupper Lawrence L Karon John M Kleinbaum David G Morgenstern Hal Lewis Donald K 1981 Matching in Epidemiologic Studies Validity and Efficiency Considerations Biometrics 37 2 271291 doi 1023072530417 JSTOR 2530417 PMID 7272415 a b Rosenbaum Paul R Rubin Donald B 1983 The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects Biometrika 70 1 4155 doi 101093biomet70141 LaLonde Robert J 1986 Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs with Experimental Data American Economic Review 76 4 604620 JSTOR 1806062 Dehejia R H Wahba S 1999 Causal Effects in Nonexperimental Studies Reevaluating the Evaluation of Training Programs Journal of the American Statistical Association 94 448 10531062 doi 10108001621459199910473858 Arceneaux Kevin Gerber Alan S Green Donald P 2006 Comparing Experimental and Matching Methods Using a LargeScale Field Experiment on Voter Mobilization Political Analysis 14 1 3762 doi 101093panmpj001 Arceneaux Kevin Gerber Alan S Green Donald P 2010 A Cautionary Note on the Use of Matching to Estimate Causal Effects An Empirical Example Comparing Matching Estimates to an Experimental Benchmark Sociological Methods Research 39 2 256282 doi 1011770049124110378098 Ho Daniel E Imai Kosuke King Gary Stuart Elizabeth A 2007 Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference Political Analysis 15 3 199236 doi 101093panmpl013 a b Marsh J L Hutton J L Binks K 2002 Removal of radiation dose response effects an example of overmatching British Medical Journal 325 7359 327330 doi 101136bmj3257359327 PMC 1123834 PMID 12169512 Gissler M Hemminki E 1996 The danger of overmatching in studies of the perinatal mortality and birthweight of infants born after assisted conception Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 69 2 7375 doi 1010160301211595025170 PMID 8902436 Further reading Angrist Joshua D Pischke JörnSteffen 2009 Regression Meets Matching Mostly Harmless Econometrics An Empiricists Companion Princeton University Press pp 6980 9780691120348 v t e Statistics Index Descriptive statistics Data collection Statistical inference Correlation Regression analysis Categorical Multivariate Timeseries Survival analysis Applications Category Portal Commons WikiProject Authority control GND 42124839 Categories Bias Design of experiments Medical statistics Observational study Sampling techniques

B B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O


Mike Muir From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Mike Muir Mike Muir in Hellfest 2017 Background information Birth name Michael Allen Muir Also known as Mike Muir Cyco Miko Born March 14 1963 age 55 Venice California United States Genres Heavy metal hardcore punk thrash metal crossover thrash funk metal rap rock Occupations Musician songwriter producer Instruments Vocals guitar Years active 1980present Labels Epic Suicidal Associated acts Suicidal Tendencies Los Cycos No Mercy Infectious Grooves Cyco Miko Michael Allen Mike Muir born March 14 1963 is the lead vocalist of the Venice California crossover thrash bands Suicidal Tendencies Los Cycos and the funk metal band Infectious Grooves He has also released several solo albums under his nickname Cyco Miko Muirs trademark is wearing bandanas jerseys with the number 13 and hats with block style letters that read suicidal Contents 1 Biography 11 Personal life 12 Music career 121 Suicidal Tendencies 122 Los Cycos 123 Other music projects 2 3 Selected discography 4 Biography Personal life Born in Venice California and raised in Santa Monica Mike Muir is the younger brother of Jim Muir of the Dogtown skateboarding team Jim exposed Mike to metal music as well as skateboarding Muir attended Santa Monica College after being kicked out of school in the 10th grade In 2003 Muir had his first of two back surgeries for a ruptured herniated disc The other in 2005 caused him to cancel Brazilian festival dates and Suicidal shows Muir is married with three children and early in 2011 returned to the United States after a short period living in Queensland Australia His house was made over into a horror house on the Discovery Channel show Monster House On March 7 1996 Muir fought Simon Woodstock in a celebrity boxing match on the Action Sports channel Muir lost to Woodstock Music career Muir has cited bands such as the Sex Pistols the Ramones Black Sabbath UFO ACDC Van Halen Emerson Lake Palmer Led Zeppelin and Kiss as his early musical influences and has said that he was introduced to funk music by former bandmate Robert Trujillo Muir incorporated funk influences into a few songs by Suicidal Tendencies and into his funk metal side project Infectious Grooves Suicidal Tendencies Muir formed Suicidal Tendencies in 1980 when he was 17 years old It originally consisted of Muir on vocals Mike Ball on guitar Carlos Egie Egert on drums and Mike Dunnigan on bass There were several lineup changes before Muir hired Grant Estes Louiche Mayorga and Amery Smith on guitar bass and drums respectively In 1983 they released their selftitled album with success sparked by the anthem song Institutionalized which would become one of the first hardcore punk videos to receive substantial airplay on MTV They have since played tours and festivals worldwide When No Mercy guitarist Mike Clark was hired as the bands second guitarist in 1987 Suicidal Tendencies began making a change from punk to metal thus creating what would become crossover thrash and later began adding funk influences to their music Robert Trujillo who was the bassist for Suicidal Tendencies from 1989 to 1995 was responsible for turning Muir on to funk music and the pair would eventually form Infectious Grooves to play more funk oriented music Cited as one of the most important crossover thrash groups Suicidal Tendencies was active until 1995 but reunited a year later Suicidal Tendencies has been touring or playing selected shows almost every year and until the 2013 release of their ninth studio album 13 they had not released an album containing new music in over a decade Between the releases of Free Your Soul and Save My Mind and 13 however the band had debuted new material on stage and through compilation releases on a regular basis Los Cycos Muir formed Los Cycos in 1984 during Suicidals first year of their fouryear recording hiatus Current guitarist Jon Nelson left the group and Suicidal Tendencies were banned from playing LA shows largely due to an incident at Perkins Palace where their audience tore out the first 10 rows making it impossible for promoters to obtain insurance if Suicidal was on the bill Muir started the label Suicidal Records with bassist Louiche Mayorga Los Cycos originally consisted of Mike Muir Vocals Bob Heathcote bass AnthonyBobGallo Guitars and Amery Smith drums After a few rehearsals Amery Smith left the line up along with band mate Jon Nelson to start their own band The Brood Los Cycos eventually included Grant Estes on lead guitar Gallo went to rhythm and original choices Bob Heathcote and Amery Smith were replaced by Louiche Mayorga bass and No Mercys Sal Troy drums Rehearsals continued in preparation for their debut recording for Welcome to Venice on Suicidal Records With the final lineup established and two songs Its Not Easy and A Little Each Day Los Cycos was born Welcome to Venice was the first record to be released on Suicidal Records and the album also included local Venice bands Suicidal Tendencies Beowülf No Mercy and Excel Unfortunately the original masters were lost in a fire and no effort has been made to release the material digitally Mike Muirs vocals can be heard on the Suicidal Tendencies cut Look UpThe Boys are Back and the Los Cycos track Its Not Easy Grant Estes played all guitars on the recordings Other music projects Muir has released solo albums under his nickname Cyco Miko and has sung for No Mercy replacing original singer Kevin Guercio who sang for the band on the Welcome to Venice compilation Cyco Miko released three albums on the record label Suicidal Records The album Schizophrenic Born Again Problem Child was released in 2001 following up 1996s Lost My Brain Once Again In October 2011 a third Cyco Miko album was released worldwide featuring previously unreleased and newly written music from Cyco Miko Suicidal Tendencies and Infectious Grooves The album entitled The Mad Mad Muir Musical Tour Part 1 featured current Suicidal Tendencies band members as well as performances by Fletcher Dragge Robert Trujillo Brooks Wackerman bassist Thundercat Stephen Bruner and saxophonist Kamasi Washington No Mercy released only one album with Muir Widespread BloodshedLove Runs Red on Suicidal Records In 1989 not long after Robert Trujillo joined Suicidal Tendencies Muir and Trujillo formed Infectious Grooves a funk metal band that often brought out a goofier type of humor their albums contain comedy skits by a reptilian lover named Aladdin Sarsippius Sulemenagic Jackson III To date the Infectious Grooves have released four albums Muir executive produced Excel s 1987 debut album Split Image Muir provided vocals on the POD song KalifornEyeA from their 2008 album When Angels Serpents Dance Views Muir is known for being outspoken on his views about the music industry and society He has long been an opponent of the Parents Music Resource Center PMRC and has reflected this in interviews and a few songs namely You Cant Bring Me Down and Lovely Muir was involved in a nearviolent feud with Megadeth frontman Dave Mustaine during the European Clash of the Titans tour but the two have since reconciled and are apparently now on friendly terms Muir has criticized the band Rage Against the Machine who are well known for expressing anticorporate leftwing politics in their lyrics but are signed with Epic Records a subsidiary of Sony a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation The Infectious Grooves song Do What I Tell Ya from their album Groove Family Cyco mocks the band for this contradiction Muir later stated that Rage Against the Machines guitarist Tom Morello provoked the feud by attacking Suicidal Tendencies Muir has stated he has never used drugs and doesnt drink alcohol Selected discography Album Year Album Name Band Record Label 1983 Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Tendencies Frontier Vocals 1985 Welcome to Venice Suicidal Tendencies Los Cycos Suicidal Records Vocals 1987 Split Image Excel Suicidal Records Caroline Executive Producer 1987 Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red No Mercy Suicidal Records Vocals Producer 1987 Join the Army Suicidal Tendencies Caroline Vocals 1988 How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Cant Even Smile Today Suicidal Tendencies Epic Vocals 1989 Controlled by HatredFeel Like ShitDéjà Vu Suicidal Tendencies Epic Vocals 1990 LightsCameraRevolution Suicidal Tendencies Epic Vocals 1991 The Plague That Makes Your Booty MoveIts the Infectious Grooves Infectious Grooves Epic Vocals 1992 The Art of Rebellion Suicidal Tendencies Epic Vocals 1992 FNG Suicidal Tendencies Epic Vocals 1993 Sarsippius Ark Infectious Grooves Epic Vocals 1993 Still Cyco After All These Years Suicidal Tendencies Epic Vocals 1994 Groove Family Cyco Infectious Grooves Epic Vocals 1994 Suicidal for Life Suicidal Tendencies Epic Vocals 1996 Lost My Brain Once Again Cyco Miko Epic Vocals 1997 Friends Family Vol 1 Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals 1997 Prime Cuts Suicidal Tendencies Epic Vocals 1998 Six the Hard Way Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals 1999 Freedumb Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records SideOneDummy Vocals 2000 Mas Borracho Infectious Grooves Suicidal Records Vocals 2000 Free Your Soul and Save My Mind Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals 2001 Schizophrenic Born Again Problem Child Cyco Miko Suicidal Records Vocals 2001 Friends Family Vol 2 Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals 2008 When Angels Serpents Dance POD Columbia Vocals 2008 Year of the Cycos Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals 2010 No Mercy FoolThe Suicidal Family Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals 2011 The Mad Mad Muir Musical Tour Cyco Miko Suicidal Records Vocals 2013 13 Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals 2016 World Gone Mad Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals 2018 Still Cyco Punk After All These Years Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Records Vocals References Suicidal Tendencies Sorted by other 120 songs in total Mojimcom Mojim Lyrics Suicidal Tendencies Cyco Lyrics Musixmatch Suicidal Tendencies Dont Give Me Your Nothin Lyrics MetroLyrics Suicidal Tendencies Music Videos Songs News Photos and Lyrics MTV Retrieved October 17 2011 superxmediacom Mike Muirs Back Problems Dont Keep Him Down Noisecreep February 1 2010 Retrieved October 17 2011 Suicidal Tendencies Back Surgery For Muir News Ultimateguitarcom Retrieved October 17 2011 Simon Woodstock vs Mike Muir Boxing Match Las Vegas 1996 YouTube 1996 Retrieved February 6 2013 Kowalewski Al December 1982 Suicidal Tendencies Interview Flipside HugeDomainscom VideoManiccom is for sale Video Manic Suicidal Tendenciess Biography Discover music videos concerts stats pictures at Lastfm February 11 2009 Retrieved October 17 2011 Encyclopaedia Metallum The Metal Archives Anthony Gallo The Metal Archives June 19 2011 Retrieved October 17 2011 Grant Estes Wncom Retrieved October 17 2011 Louiche1 Wncom Retrieved October 17 2011 Suicidal Records CDs and Vinyl at Discogs Discogscom Retrieved 20110805 Welcome to Venice Compilation PunksAndSkinscom Retrieved 20110805 Various Suicidal Friends and Family 1 Epic Escape CD Baby Retrieved October 17 2011 Welcome to Venice LP comp Suicidal rare vinyl punk auction details popsikecom Retrieved October 17 2011 Suicidal Tendencies Cyco Miko Guitar Cover Wncom Retrieved October 17 2011 Ferres The Realms of Deth Megadeth Press Articles Clash of the Titans Larkin Colin January 1 1995 The Guinness encyclopedia of popular music Guinness Pub via Google Books a b Roadrunner Records Page Not Found Interview met Mike Muir May 15 2014 CYCO MIKO The Mad Mad Muir Musical Tour CD release Suicidaltendenciescom September 20 2011 Retrieved October 17 2011 v t e Suicidal Tendencies v t e Los Cycos v t e No Mercy Authority control LCCN no2011094521 MusicBrainz 3d6c957d14d6465c8e5386262245af06 NKC xx0218915 VIAF 171711898 WorldCat Identities via VIAF 171711898 Categories 1963 births American male singers American heavy metal singers Living people American punk rock singers Musicians from Los Angeles Suicidal Tendencies members

B I O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O


Minister of Supply and Services Canada From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Minister of Supply and Services was an office in the Cabinet of Canada from 1969 to 1996 On July 12 1996 office of the Minister of Supply and Services and the office of the Minister of Public Works were abolished and replaced with the office of Minister of Public Works and Government Services Ministers 1 Donald Campbell Jamieson under Trudeau April 1 1969 May 4 1969 2 James Armstrong Richardson under Trudeau May 5 1969 November 26 1972 3 JeanPierre Goyer under Trudeau November 27 1972 November 23 1978 4 Pierre De Bané under Trudeau November 24 1978 June 3 1979 5 Roch LaSalle under Clark June 4 1979 March 2 1980 7 JeanJacques Blais under Trudeau March 3 1980 August 11 1983 8 Charles Lapointe under Trudeau August 12 1983 June 29 1984 under Turner June 30 1984 September 16 1984 9 Harvie Andre under Mulroney September 17 1984 August 19 1985 10 Stewart McInnes under Mulroney August 20 1985 June 29 1986 Marcel Masse second time under Mulroney November 30 1985 June 29 1986 11 Monique Vézina under Mulroney June 30 1986 December 7 1988 Lowell Murray acting under Mulroney December 8 1988 August 26 1987 12 Michel Côté under Mulroney August 27 1987 February 2 1988 Stewart McInnes acting under Mulroney February 3 1988 March 30 1988 13 Otto John Jelinek under Mulroney March 31 1988 January 29 1989 14 Paul Wyatt Dick under Mulroney January 30 1989 June 24 1993 under Campbell June 25 1993 November 3 1993 15 David Charles Dingwall under Chrétien November 4 1993 January 24 1996 16 Diane Marleau under Chrétien January 25 1996 July 11 1996 References Government Departments and Their Representatives A History Library of Parliament Retrieved 12 June 2017 This Canadian government related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it Categories Canadian ministers Canada government stubs

B O B I I B O O O O O B O B I I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I I O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O


Mogas From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Look up mogas in Wiktionary the free dictionary Mogas may refer to Motor gas slang for gasoline Light aircraft fuel which is distinguished from Avgas aviation gasoline MOGAS Group a Ugandan oil company GD Mogas a Mozambican football club Mogas 90 FC a Beninese football club See also Moga disambiguation This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mogas If an internal link led you here you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article

B O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Monarchy of Iceland From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia It has been suggested that this article be merged into Kingdom of Iceland Discuss Proposed since August 2018 Monarchy of Iceland Royal Coat of arms Kristján X Details Style His Majesty First monarch Kristján X Last monarch Kristján X Formation 1 December 1918 Abolition 17 June 1944 Residence Christiansborg Palace Appointer Hereditary The Monarchy of Iceland Icelandic Konungsríkið Ísland Danish Kongeriget Island was the system of government in which an hereditary monarch was the sovereign of the Kingdom of Iceland from 1918 to 1944 Under a personal union due to the Act of Union the monarch was simultaneously monarch of Denmark The Parliament of Iceland asked that Denmark represent Iceland internationally and daytoday matters were delegated to a Danish plenipotentiary for Icelandic affairs based in Reykjavík and after the German invasion of Denmark in 1940 a regent was appointed The monarchy lasted until 17 June 1944 when a national referendum established a constitutional republic in its place Contents 1 History 2 Titles of the Crown 3 See also 4 5 Bibliography History See also History of Iceland The monarchy of Iceland was created by the Act of Union of 1918 which transformed the former Danish overseas possession of Iceland into an independent sovereign constitutional monarchy Iceland adopted a new constitution following the referendum in 1944 which abolished the monarchy Although many Danes felt offended that Iceland should take such a step at that time Denmark at that point was still under Military occupation by Germany Kristján X sent a message of congratulations to the Icelandic people Titles of the Crown See also Style of the Danish sovereign By the Grace of God King of Iceland Denmark the Wends and the Goths Duke of Schleswig Holstein Stormarn Dithmarschen Lauenburg and Oldenburg See also Nobility in Iceland List of rulers of Iceland Jørgen Jørgensen aka the DogDays King selfstyled ruler of Iceland for a brief period in 1809 References a b c Halfdanarson Gudmundur Halfdanarson 2010 The A to Z of Iceland Scarecrow Press pp 2325 0810872080 Van Cleaf Kristin Van Cleaf 2007 Iceland ABDO p 7 1599287846 Bibliography Iceland Home Rule and Sovereignty 190444 at Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved on 17 March 2014 v t e Iceland articles Categories Government of Iceland Politics of Iceland DenmarkIceland relations Kings of Iceland

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O

monarchy of iceland
government
hereditary monarch


Mrs Lovett From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedias general notability guideline Please help to establish notability by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention If notability can not be established the article is likely to be merged redirected or deleted Find sources Mrs Lovett news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message The template Infobox character is being considered for merging Mrs Lovett Mrs Lovett as portrayed by Helena Bonham Carter Portrayed by Iris Darbyshire 1928 film Stella Rho 1936 film Angela Lansbury 1979 Broadway Sheila Hancock 1980 West End Dorothy Loudon 1980 Broadway Beth Fowler 1989 Broadway Julia McKenzie 1993 West End Joanna Lumley 1998 TV movie Patti LuPone 2000 concert 2005 Broadway Elaine Paige 2004 NYC Opera Essie Davis 2006 TV movie Helena Bonham Carter 2007 film Judy Kaye 2007 Canada US tour Imelda Staunton 2012 West End Emma Thompson 2014 concert Siobhán McCarthy 2014 London Carolee Carmello 2017 OffBroadway Information Gender Female Occupation Baker Spouses Albert Lovett deceased Mrs Lovett is a fictional character appearing in many adaptations of the story Sweeney Todd She is most commonly referred to as Nellie although Margery Maggie Sarah Shirley Wilhemina and Claudetta are other names she has been given First appearing in the penny dreadful serial The String of Pearls it is debated if she was based on an actual person or not The character also appears in modern media related to Sweeney Todd including the Stephen Sondheim musical and its 2007 film adaptation Contents 1 Character overview 2 Various interpretations 3 Role in the musical 4 Portrayals 41 Songs 5 Character overview In every version of the story in which she appears Mrs Lovett is the business partner and accomplice of barber serial killer Sweeney Todd in some versions she is also his lover She makes and sells meat pies made from Todds victims Usually Mrs Lovett is depicted as a childless widow although in some depictions but very rarely Mr Albert Lovett is shown Before she goes into business with Todd she is on the verge of poverty with her premises being filthy and infested with vermin In the musical she laments her pies are the worst ones in London While she feels no remorse about killing people and serving them as pies she is sometimes shown to have a softer side to those in need for example she informally adopts the young orphan Tobias Ragg as her own and considers taking in Todds daughter Johanna as well Various interpretations Although Mrs Lovetts character and role in the story are similar in each version certain details vary according to the storys interpretation In some versions for example Mrs Lovett commits suicide when their crimes are discovered while in others Todd kills her himself or she is arrested and escapes execution by turning Kings Evidence against Todd Her physical appearance varies from a slim and alluring beauty to a plump homely lunatic Her age is also differing in many adaptations though it is never specifically stated in any versions there are some most noticeably in Sondheims musical where she is older than Todd often by a difference of over fifteen years and others where she is around his age Whether their relationship is platonic romantic or merely sexual also varies according to interpretation Role in the musical In Stephen Sondheim s 1979 stage musical Sweeney Todd the Demon Barber of Fleet Street and Tim Burton s 2007 film adaptation Todd pays a visit to Mrs Lovetts pie shop below his old home after 15 years in exile seeking information about his lost family Mrs Lovett recognizes him as her former tenant Benjamin Barker with whom she was and is secretly in love She informs him that his wife Lucy was raped by Judge Turpin who had exiled Todd on a false charge and informs Todd that Lucy was so distraught that she poisoned herself with arsenic Seeking vengeance Todd reopens his shaving parlour above the shop and slits the throats of his customers Mrs Lovett initiates a plan for Todd to send the corpses of his victims down a chute that leads to her bakehouse She then uses the flesh to bake meat pies which make her business very successful She and Todd take in an orphan Tobias Ragg to whom she becomes like a mother She also dreams of marrying Todd who is completely uninterested in her In the storys climactic Final Sequence Todd murders Beadle Bamford Turpin and a beggar woman and discovers that the latter is actually Lucy Todd confronts Mrs Lovett who confesses that Lucy survived drinking the poison but was driven insane reduced to begging Todd then demands why Mrs Lovett lied to him to which Mrs Lovett then confesses her love for him and promises she would be a better wife than Lucy ever was Todd pretends to forgive her but later throws her into the furnace burning her alive as retribution for her lies However killing Lovett proves to be Todds fatal mistake Tobias who loved her like a mother emerges from hiding and kills Todd by slitting his throat with his own razor Portrayals In film and stage adaptations of the Sweeney Todd story Lovett is considered the female lead Christine Baranski received positive reviews opposite Brian Stokes Mitchell in the Kennedy Center s 2002 production She also played the role in the 1999 concert at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles Helena Bonham Carter portrayed the character in Tim Burton s movie version of the musical Sweeney Todd The Demon Barber of Fleet Street She received a Golden Globe nomination for Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Comedy or Musical Joyce Castle portrayed the role in the 1984 opera at the Houston Grand Opera the first operatic adaptation Iris Darbyshire noted English actress played the role of Mrs Lovett in the 1928 British silent film Sweeney Todd Essie Davis played the role of Mrs Lovett in the 2006 television film broadcast on the BBC simply titled Sweeney Todd Beth Fowler earned a Tony nomination for Best Leading Actress in a Musical in the first Broadway revival at the Circle in the Square Theatre in 1989 Sheila Hancock played Mrs Lovett in the original 1980 West End production at Drury Lane She received an Olivier nomination for Best Leading Actress in a Musical Judy Kaye filled in for LuPone for a week while LuPone was on vacation in the 2005 Broadway revival before it ended production in early 2006 She went on to the Canadian and American tour version of the John Doyle revival for which she received acclaim and had to learn to play the tuba She also appeared in the 2000 concert at Royal Festival Hall in London Angela Lansbury won a Tony for Best Leading Actress in a Musical in originating the role on Broadway in 1979 at the Uris Theatre now the Gershwin She also continued to perform the role for the 1980 American tour This was taped and broadcast by PBS on its show Great Performances in 1982 for which Lansbury was nominated for a 1985 Primetime Emmy for Best Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program Dorothy Loudon replaced Lansbury in the original Broadway production June Havoc portrayed the character in a 1982 tour following the PBS broadcast Joanna Lumley portrayed her in the 1998 Showtime television movie The Tale of Sweeney Todd starring Ben Kingsley Her character is in love with Todd and has a romanticphysical relationship with him as opposed to an unrequited attraction She is additionallyand with the implied consent of Toddsexually involved with a local judge to whom she provides sadomasochistic release She is imprisoned for her crimes in the end and does not die in this version Patti LuPone has played the role on two occasions in concert 2000 and 2001 and on Broadway 2005 Her interpretation of the character differed in both performances In the semistaged concert version LuPone played the role in the way that Lansbury or Hancock would have originally played it as a homely lunatic This portrayal was seen at the Avery Fisher Hall of Lincoln Center a taped production in San Francisco and at the Ravinia Festival in Chicago However in 2005 to suit the fresh dark and sparse approach to the show LuPone had to throw all that out and create a new look for the character her interpretation became more lustful and sexstarved with a dry wit throughout She received a Tony nomination for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for the 2005 Broadway production at the Eugene ONeill Theatre Julia McKenzie played the role 1993 West End revival at the National Theatre Cottesloe and Lyttelton for which she won the Olivier for Best Leading Actress in a Musical Caroline OConnor appeared in the original Paris production of 2011 at the Théâtre du Châtelet Elaine Paige portrayed the role in the 2004 opera at the New York City Opera for which she was nominated for the Drama Desk for Best Leading Actress in a Musical Felicity Palmer performed as Lovett in the 2003 production at the Royal Opera House its only musical produced Stella Rho portrayed her in the 1936 film Sweeney Todd The Demon Barber of Fleet Street Anita Reeves played her in the 2007 Gate Theatre production Imelda Staunton played Mrs Lovett in the 2011 production at the Chichester Festival Theatre which transferred to the West End in 2012 at the Adelphi Theatre Emma Thompson performed as Mrs Lovett in the 2014 New York Philharmonic semistaged concert version This adaptation was recorded for PBS Great Performances series resulting in Thompson earning an Emmy nomination for Best Leading Actress in a movie Carolee Carmello played Mrs Lovett in the 2017 OffBroadway production at the Barrow Street Theatre Songs In the musical Mrs Lovett sings many numbers by herself and with other characters The tracks were all composed by Stephen Sondheim These include The Worst Pies in London Poor Thing My Friends with Todd Pirellis Miracle Elixir with Tobias and Todd and Company Wait with Todd Epiphany with Todd A Little Priest with Todd God Thats Good with Tobias Todd and Company By the Sea with Todd Not While Im Around with Tobias Parlour Songs Sweet Polly Plunkett with Beadle Bamford Parlour Songs Part 2 The Tower of Bray with Beadle and Tobias Searching with Todd Johanna Anthony and Beggar Woman Final Sequence with Todd and Tobias The Ballad of Sweeney Todd Epilogue with Company Edited for 2007 film Cut from 2007 film References Sweeney Todd Fresh Meat Pies Crimelibrarycom Archived from the original on 10 April 2008 Retrieved 20 February 2008 Sweeney Todd Margery Cheats the Hangman Crimelibrarycom Archived from the original on 10 April 2008 Retrieved 19 May 2008 Sweeney Todd The Trial of Sweeney Todd The Defense Crimelibrarycom Archived from the original on 10 April 2008 Retrieved 19 May 2008 v t e Sweeney Todd Characters Sweeney Todd Johanna Barker Judge Turpin Mrs Lovett Lucy Barker Adolfo Pirelli Tobias Ragg Films Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd The Demon Barber of Fleet Street 1936 Bloodthirsty Butchers The Tale of Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd The Demon Barber of Fleet Street 2007 soundtrack Other The String of Pearls Not While Im Around Sweeney Todd ballet Sweeney Todd The Demon Barber of Fleet Street musical Andys Play 2010 Categories Characters in Sweeney Todd Female characters in film Female characters in literature Fictional bakers Fictional characters introduced in 1846 Fictional murderers Fictional suicides Literary villains

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Murakumo class destroyer From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Murakumo class destroyer Kagerō at Kure 1920 Class overview Name Murakumo class Builders John I Thornycroft Company Chiswick England Operators Imperial Japanese Navy Preceded by Ikazuchi class Succeeded by Akatsuki class In commission December 1898 June 1925 Completed 6 Lost 1 Retired 5 General characteristics Type Destroyer Displacement 275 long tons 279 t normal 361 long tons 367 t full load Length 632 m 207 ft pp 677 m 222 ft overall Beam 596 m 196 ft Draught 17 m 56 ft Propulsion 2shaft reciprocating 3 boilers 5800 ihp 4300 kW Speed 30 knots 56 kmh Complement 50 Armament 1 QF 12pounder gun 5 QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss guns 2 450 mm 18 in torpedoes The Murakumo class destroyers 叢雲型駆逐艦 Murakumogata kuchikukan were a class of six torpedo boat destroyers TBDs of the Imperial Japanese Navy The class is also sometimes referred to as the Shinonome class destroyers 東雲駆逐艦 Shinonomegata kuchikukan Contents 1 Background 2 Design 3 Operational history 4 List of ships 5 Notes 6 7 External links Background In the First SinoJapanese War the Japanese navy came to understand the combat effectiveness of small fast torpedo equipped warships over larger slower ships equipped with slowloading and often inaccurate naval artillery The Murakumo class vessels were the second class of destroyers procured by the Imperial Japanese Navy but were purchased almost simultaneously with the Ikazuchi class Four ships were ordered under the 1896 fiscal year budget and an additional two under the 1897 budget All were ordered from John I Thornycroft Company in Chiswick England Design The design of the Murakumo class destroyers was based on Thorneycrofts twostack destroyers for the Royal Navy from 1913 known as the D class also known as the Thirty Knotters Although slightly smaller than the Ikazuchi class they had the same armaments All Murakumo class vessels had a flush deck design with a distinctive turtleback forecastle that was intended to clear water from the bow during high speed navigation but was poorly designed for high waves or bad weather The bridge and forward gun platform were barely raised above the bow resulting in a wet conning position More than half of the small hull was occupied by the boilers and the engine room With fuel and weaponry there was little space left for crew quarters All were powered by triple expansion steam engines for 5800 shaft horsepower 4300 kW and had coalfired watertube boilers Armament was one QF 12pounder gun on a bandstand on the forecastle five QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss guns two sited abreast the conning tower two sited between the funnels and one on the quarterdeck and 2 single tubes for 18inch 460 mm torpedoes Operational history All six Murakumo class destroyers arrived in Japan in time to be used during the RussoJapanese War of 19041905 All were present at the Battle of the Yellow Sea and the final crucial Battle of Tsushima The Murakumo class vessels reclassified as thirdclass destroyers on 28 August 1912 and were removed from frontline combat service Shinonome was lost during a typhoon off of Taiwan on 23 July 1913 The five surviving vessels were again used in combat with the start of World War I during the Battle of Tsingtao and in the operations to seize German colonial possessions in the South Pacific After the war Murakumo and Yūgiri were demilitarized and used as depot ships in 191920 and then as auxiliary minesweepers in 1920 Shiranui Kagerō and Usugumo were similarly modified in 1923 but all vessels were retired from service and struck from the Navy List by the end of 1925 List of ships Kanji Name Translation Builder Laid down Launched Completed Fate 叢雲 Murakumo Gathering Clouds Thornycroft Chiswick UK 1 October 1897 16 November 1898 29 December 1898 depot vessel 1 April 1919 auxiliary minesweeper 1 July 1920 dispatch vessel 1 April 1922 scuttled 4 June 1925 東雲 Shinonome Dawn Cloud 1 October 1897 14 December 1898 1 February 1899 wrecked off Taiwan 23 July 1913 written off 6 August 1913 夕霧 Yūgiri Evening Mist 1 November 1897 26 January 1899 10 March 1899 depot vessel 1 April 1919 auxiliary minesweeper 1 July 1920 Broken up 1 April 1922 不知火 Shiranui Phosphorescent Foam 1 January 1898 15 March 1899 13 May 1899 minesweeper 1 April 1922 dispatch vessel 1 August 1923 Broken up 25 February 1925 陽炎 Kagerō Mirage 1 August 1898 23 October 1899 31 October 1899 Dispatch vessel 21 April 1922 Broken up 25 February 1925 薄雲 Usugumo Thin Clouds 1 September 1898 16 January 1900 1 February 1900 minesweeper 1 April 1922 dispatch vessel 1 August 1923 scuttled 29 April 1925 Notes Jentsura Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy 18691945 Howarth The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun Cocker Destroyers of the Royal Navy Nishida Imperial Japanese Navy Halpern A Naval History of World War I References Cocker Maurice 1983 Destroyers of the Royal Navy 18931981 Ian Allan 0711010757 Evans David 1979 Kaigun Strategy Tactics and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy 18871941 US Naval Institute Press 0870211927 Halpern Paul G 1994 A Naval History of World War I Routledge 1857284984 Howarth Stephen 1983 The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy 18951945 Atheneum 0689114028 Jane Fred T 1904 The Imperial Japanese Navy Thacker Spink Co ASIN B00085LCZ4 Jentsura Hansgeorg 1976 Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy 18691945 US Naval Institute Press 087021893X External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Murakumo class destroyer Nishida Hiroshi Materials of IJN Murakumo class destroyer Imperial Japanese Navy Smith Gordon Imperial Japanese Navy World War I at Sea v t e Murakumo class destroyers v t e Japanese naval ship classes of the RussoJapanese War v t e Japanese naval ship classes of World War I Categories Destroyer classes Murakumoclass destroyers World War I destroyers of Japan Ships built in Chiswick

B B I O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

murakumo
class destroyer
torpedo boat destroyers