Week 2 chapter 3 psychology 456 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Terms in this set 54 Ethology Humans are born w biologically determined behaviors that promote adaptive developmental outcomes Emphasizes that adaptive behaviors are added continuously but that some adaptive capabilities emerge abruptly during sensitive periods Biologically programmed adaptive behaviors stressed although environment is necessary for success organismic The originator of this point of view was Charles Darwin Modern Ethology came from Lorenz and Tinbergen behaviors that are 1 products of evolution and 2 adaptive in that they contribute to survival John Bowlby not only believe that children display a wide variety of preprogrammed behaviors they also claim that each of these responses promotes a particular kind Modern Evolutionary Theory humans born with adaptive attributes that have evolved through natural selection and channel development in ways that promote adaptive outcomes influenced by experiences and claim certain chars likely to develop during sensitive periods provided environment fosters this Ethological notion that preselected adaptive behaviors are those that ensure survival of the individual Modern evolutionary theorists disagree arguing instead that preselected adaptive motives and behaviors are those that ensure the survival and spread of the individuals genes Modern evolutionary theorists view this long period of immaturity as a necessary evolutionary adaptation Evolutionary theorists also believe that we humans have evolved in ways Evolutionary approaches are hard to test justso stories lack one important characteristic of a useful scientific modelthey are nearly impossible to falsify Evolutionary theories have also been criticized as being retrospective or post hoc explanations of development Finally proponents of other viewpoints mostly notably sociallearning theory have argued that even if the bases for certain motives or behaviors are biologically programmed these innate responses will soon become so modified by learning that it may not be helpful to spend much time wondering about their prior evolutionary significance Behavior Genetics by virtue of genetically influenced chars we elicit responses from others and we select envier niches for ourselves genotypeenvironment interact occur continuously emphasis on nature but genes exert heavy influence on enviromwnr where develop takes place organismic study of how genotypes and environment contribute to phenotypes look at nonshared and shared enviromental influences Criticized as incomplete theory of development that does not explain how either genes or enviro influence us R C Tryons Selective breeding experiment with rats Twin studies adoption studies family studies to see the environmentgene interaction and what is contributing more to development of intelligence personality and Ecological Systems Theory humans actively influence environment context that influence their develop emphasize transactions btwn everchanging individuals and everchanging environments lead to quantitative develop changes discontinuous personalenviro events can produce abrupt changes nurture although bio attributes can affect enviroment contextual Bronfenbrenner The theory is characterized as a bioecological model it really has very little to say about specific biological contributors to development Even though the systems theory helps explain the interactions we must still understand how children and adolescents process environmental information and learn from their experiences before we can fully comprehend how environments influence human development Sociocultural Theory Vygotskys perspective on development in which children acquire their cultures values beliefs and problemsolving strategies through collaborative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society Theorist is Vygotsky 1 human development occurs in a particular sociocultural context that influences the form that it takes and 2 many of a childs most noteworthy personal characteristics and cognitive skills evolve from social interactions with parents teachers and other more competent associates Many of Vygotskys writings are only now being translated from Russian to other languages and his theory has not received the intense scrutiny that Piagets theory has Vygotsky emphasized may be less Social Information Processing Theory socialcognitive theory stating that the explanations we construct for social experiences largely determine how we react to those experiences Social informationprocessing theorists depict human beings as active processors of social information who are constantly generating explanations or causal attributions for their own and other peoples behavior Theorizing about attributional processes can be traced to Fritz Heider a social psychologist who believed that all human beings are characterized by two strong motives 1 the need to form a coherent understanding of the world and 2 the need to exert some control over the environment and thus become the captain of ones Discuss the conceptual similarities and differences between classical ethologists eg Lorenz Tinbergen and modern evolutionary theorists John Bowlby How do both of these groups differ from behavioral geneticists Classic ethologiest Lorenz and Tinbergen emphasized that we have biologically programed adaptive behaviors based on animals We are the product of our evolution and adaptive to contribute to survival ethologists focus on inborn or instinctual responses that 1 members of a species share and 2 seem to steer individuals along similar developmental paths Evolution of adaptive behaviors are to support the survival of the individual Like ethologists proponents of a movement known as modern evolutionary theory are also interested in specifying how natural selection might predispose us to develop adaptive traits motives and behaviors Evolutionary theorists hold different views on the workings of evolution compared to ethologists Instead of the preselected adaptive behavior ensuring the survival of the individual Modern Evolutionary theorists believe that they support the survival of the individuals GENES This comes into consideration at how parents will sacrifice themselves to save their offspring Mating practices of males and females are to the benefit of the genes what partner has the characteristics to behavioral genetics the scientific study of how genotype interacts with environment to determine behavioral attributes such as intelligence personality and mental health Behavioral geneticists focus on the biological bases for variation among members of a species They are concerned with determining how the unique combination of genes that each of us inherits might be implicated in making us different from one another Behavioral genetics is about the WHY What made a gene that existed activate What environmental influences created specific behaviors from preexisting genes Heritability of a trait is looked at They either use selective breeding or Twin studies Behavioral Explain Martin Hoffmans belief that the concept of survival of the fittest implies altruism Survival of the fittest implies altruism because in selfsacrifice you are promoting the survival of your genes This is in such acts of kinship altruism where a parent sacrifices themselves to keep their children alive His arguments hinge on the assumption that human beings are more likely to receive protection from natural enemies satisfy all their basic needs and successfully reproduce if they have genes that predispose them to be socially outgoing and to live together in cooperative social groups What evidence has been found that empathy is present at birth How do neuroscientists explain newborn empathic responding Hoffman believes that even newborn babies are capable of recognizing and experiencing the emotions of others This ability known as empathy is thought to be an important contributor to altruism for a person must recognize that others are distressed in some way and sympathize with them before he or she is likely to help So Hoffman is suggesting that at least one precursor of altruismempathyis present at birth Mirror neurons are what create the empathetic response Describe the two kinds of family studies that behavioral geneticists use to estimate hereditary contributions to human development State the question asked by each type Twin design a study in which sets of twins that differ in zygosity kinship are compared to determine the heritability of an attribute If genes affect the attributes in question then identical twins should be more similar for they have 100 percent of their genes in common kinship 100 whereas fraternal twins on average share only 50 percent kinship 50 Adoption design a study in which adoptees are compared with their biological relatives and their adoptive relatives to estimate the heritability of an attribute A researcher searching for hereditary influences would ask Are adopted children similar to their biological parents whose genes they share kinship 50 or are they similar to their adoptive parents whose environment they share Define shared environmental influences and nonshared environmental influences and describe how each impacts similarities and differences between family members Nonshared environmental influence NSE an environmental influence that people living together do not share and that should make these individuals different from one another Shared environmental influences SE an environmental influence that people living together share and that should make these individuals similar to one another The nonshared environmental influences are unique to the individual so while they are a part of a family this experience which does not affect the others will cause other traits to come through The shared environmental traits are shared by all in the family and will make people similar In an antisocial family they Define and describe the differences between active passive and evocative gene influences aka genotypeenvironment correlations i Passive geneenvironment correlation refers to the association between the genotype a child inherits from her parents and the environment in which the child is raised Parents create a home environment that is influenced by their own heritable characteristics Biological parents also pass on genetic material to their children When the childrens genotype also influences their behavioral or cognitive outcomes the result can be a spurious relationship between environment and outcome For example because parents who have histories of antisocial behavior which is moderately heritable are at elevated risk of abusing their children a case can be made for saying ii Evocative or reactive geneenvironment correlation happens when an individuals heritable behavior evokes an environmental response For example the association between marital conflict and depression may reflect the tensions that arise when engaging with a depressed spouse rather than a causal effect of marital conflict on risk for depression iii Active geneenvironment correlation occurs when an individual possesses a heritable propensity to select environmental exposure For example individuals who are characteristically extroverted may seek out very different social environments than those who are shy and withdrawn In terms of Scarr and McCartneys theory explain how separated identical twins might show uncanny similarities and at the same time noteworthy differences in personality and social behavior Childrens innate attributes affect the way people treat them and influences their environments they are given Also genes affect the types of environments people seek Genes may function differently in different environments therefore different parents may give different environments and react in different ways to different attributes of the child The concept of active gene influences helps to explain the uncanny resemblances Explain Sandra Scarrs ideas about good enough parenting Discuss Diana Baumrinds criticisms of these ideas Scarr believed that children and adolescents development is so heavily influenced by the reactions heshe evokes from people other than parents and by the environmental niches he or she constructs that parental childrearing practices have little effect on developmentprovided that these practices are good enough that is within the range of what might be considered normal for human beings Diana Baumrind for example points out that different childrearing practices that fall well within what Scarr considers the range of good enough parenting produce very large differences in childrens and adolescents developmental outcomes In her own research Baumrind consistently finds that How do behavior geneticists use heritability coefficients Behavioral geneticists use statistical techniques to estimate the amount of variation in a trait that is attributable to hereditary factors This index called a heritability coefficient is calculated as follows from twin data Hr Identical Twins r Fraternal Twins X 2 Heritability of an attribute equals the correlation between identical twins minus the correlation between fraternal twins all multiplied by a factor of 2 The more closer to 1 the more heritability plays a role in the expression of the attribute A score of 50 is a moderate level and means it has some influence How does Bronfenbrenners viewpoint on environmental influences differ from the viewpoints of Skinner and Bandura Skinner viewed the environmental influences as all and any external forces that shape the individuals development environment influences development Bandura had backed away from this extremely mechanistic view by acknowledging that environments both influence and are influenced by developing individuals they continue to provide only vague descriptions of the environmental contexts in which development takes place individual influences the environment environment influences the individual Bronfrenbrenner view was that the natural environment of the child was a major factor in development He also believed there was varying levels of influence that he processed out into his systems theory giving different levels The Microsystem refers to the childs personal interactions between parents care providers and their immediate surroundings and activities For most young infants this interaction is limited to the family The influence expands as the child are exposed to microsystem influences such as daycare and school And interactions between any two individuals in a microsystem are likely to be influenced by third parties Fathers for example clearly influence motherinfant interactions The Mesosystem refers to the connections or interrelationships between microsystems The child is connected to school family and daycare and these things are in the microsystem interconnection of these things are the mesosystem and affect a childs development because a child success in school not only depends on the quality of teachers but the parents dedication to their childrens learning The Exosystem refers to those influences that children are not a part of but are affected by A parents work environment is an exosystem influence and childrens emotional relationships at home and at school can be influenced considerably by whether their parents work regular hours Similarly childrens experiences in school may also be affected by their exosystemby a social integration plan adopted by the school board or by a plant closing in their community that results in a decline in the schools revenue The Macrosystem refers to the cultural or subcultural or social class context in which microsystems mesosystems and exosystems are embedded The macrosystem is really a broad overarching ideology that dictates among other things how children should be treated what they should be taught and the goals for which they should strive Different cultures have different values and this can affect the development of a child in the context of what aspects of child rearing is important This can also greatly impact the experiences they have in other aspects of the other system zones To cite one example the incidence of child abuse The Chronosystem refers to changes in the individual or the environment that occur over time and influence the direction development takes The child develops over time and those changes in their physical and mental capabilities have a ripple effect through the other system parts Cognitive and biological changes that occur at puberty for example seem to contribute to increased conflict between young adolescents and their parents What is collaborative learning How is it different from the operant learning described by the early behaviorists and from observational learning described by the social learning theorists Collaborative or guided learning is The process of learning or acquiring new skills that occurs as novices participate in activities under the guidance of a more skillful tutor Vygotsky believed that we learn from a tutor through collaborative efforts during a time when a task might be too complicated for us alone but possible with the guidance of someone else This zone in which something may be too complicated for the child but can be accomplished with guidance is the Zone of Proximal Development Operant learning is a method of learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments for behavior It What is the most common attribution error made by preschool children the attributional error most often made by preschool children is to assume that most effects that other people produce are intentional consequently children younger than 6 or 7 may often fail to distinguish deliberate acts from either accidents or from other behaviors that produce consequences the actor could not have foreseen According to social informationprocessing theorists what must children understand about their own and others behaviors before they are likely to describe the self and others in traitlike terms Understanding the implications of traits is an important advance in person perception because it enables us to more confidently predict how associates who display the traits we attribute to them are likely to behave in a variety of social settings mechanistic model view of children as passive entities whose developmental paths are primarily determined by external environmental influences organismic model view of children as active entities whose developmental paths are primarily determined by forces from within themselves contextual model view of children as active entities whose developmental paths represent a continuous dynamic interplay between internal forces nature and external influences nurture sensitive period verses critical period period of time that is optimal for the development of particular capacities or behaviors and in which the individual is particularly sensitive to environmental influences that would foster these attributes period is a short part of the life cycle during which the developing organism is uniquely sensitive or responsive to specific environmental influences outside this period the same environmental events or influences are thought to have no lasting effects heritability verses inherited the amount of variability in a trait that is attributable to hereditary factors The reception of genetic qualities by transmission from parent to offspring genotype verses phenotype the genetic endowment that an individual inherits the ways in which a persons genotype is expressed in observable or measurable characteristics natural selection an evolutionary process proposed by Charles Darwin stating that individuals with characteristics that promote adaptation to the environment will survive reproduce and pass these adaptive characteristics to offspring those lacking these adaptive characteristics will eventually die out concordance rate the percentage of cases in which a particular attribute is present for one member of a twin pair if it is present for the other empathy the ability to experience the same emotions that someone else is experiencing scaffolding process by which an expert when instructing a novice responds contingently to the novices behavior in a learning situation so that the novice gradually increases his or her understanding of a problem tools of intellectual adaptation Vygotskys term for methods of thinking and problemsolving strategies that children internalize from their interactions with more competent members of society zone of proximal development ZPD Vygotskys term for the range of tasks that are too complex to be mastered alone but can be accomplished with guidance and encouragement from a more skillful partner heritability the amount of variability in a trait that is attributable to hereditary factors collaborative learning The process of learning or acquiring new skills that occurs as novices participate in activities under the guidance of a more skillful tutor causal attribution conclusions drawn about the underlying causes of our own or another persons behavior kinship the extent to which two individuals have genes in common private speech Vygotskys term for the subset of a childs verbal utterances that serve a selfcommunicative function and guide the childs activities consistency schema attributional heuristic implying that actions that a person consistently performs are likely to be internally caused reflecting a dispositional characteristic trait a dispositional characteristic that is stable over time and across situations goodenough parenting The belief that the childs environment is going to be far more impactful to the child than the parent and therefor the parent only has to do a good enough job for them to turn out well Scarr von Bertalanffy general systems theory Robert Plomin behavioral genetics Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen evolutionary basis of behavior in animals Sandra Scarr good enough parenting Lev Vygotsky sociocultural theory Urie Bronfenbrenner ecological systems theory Fritz Heider attribution theory Martin Hoffman infant empathy Diana Baumrind parenting effects on development Five Critical Processes for Positive Development Bronfenbrenner Proposition 1 In order to develop intellectually emotionally socially and morally a child requires participation in progressively more complex reciprocal activity on a regular basis over an extended period in the childs life with one or more persons with whom the child develops a strong mutual irrational emotional attachment and who is committed to the childs wellbeing and development preferably for life Proposition 2 The establishment of patterns of progressive interpersonal interaction under conditions of strong mutual attachment enhances the young childs responsiveness to other features of the immediate physical social and in due course symbolic environment that invite exploration manipulation elaboration and imagination Such activities in turn also accelerate the childs psychological growth Proposition 3 The establishment and maintenance of patterns of progressively more complex interaction and emotional attachment between caregiver and child depend in substantial degree on the availability and involvement of another adult a third party who assists encourages spells off gives status to and expresses admiration and affection for the person caring for and engaging in joint activity with the child Proposition 4 The effective functioning of childrearing processes in the family and other child settings requires establishing ongoing patterns of exchange of information twoway communication mutual accommodation and mutual trust between the principal settings in which children and their parents live their lives These settings are the home childcare programs the school and the parents place of work Proposition 5 The effective functioning of childrearing processes in the family and other child settings requires public policies and practices that provide place time stability status recognition belief systems customs and actions in support of childrearing activities not only on the part of parents caregivers teachers and other professional personnel but also relatives friends neighbors coworkers communities and the major economic social and political institutions of the entire society Erik Erikson the psychologist who coined the term identity crisis believes that the identity crisis is the most important conflict human beings encounter when they go through eight developmental stages in life If you find yourself again in an identity crisis you can look at seven areas of difficulty in which to work towards a resolution Time Perspective Can you distinguish immediate gratification from longterm goals Have you learnt to balance between jumping at opportunities as soon as they are presented to you and working steadily and patiently towards your longterm goal SelfCertainty Do you feel consistent in your selfimage and the image you present to others Role Experimentation Have you tried different roles in search of the one that feels right to you Anticipation of Achievement Do you believe that you will be successful in what you choose to do whether your role is at the work front or home front Sexual Identity Do you feel comfortable being a male or a female and dealing with others as such Leadership polarization Are you able to become both a leader and a follower whichever is called for in a given situation Ideological convictions Have you found a set of basic social philosophical or religious values that your outlook on life can be based upon

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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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BUS 101 chapter 1 s FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Terms in this set 30 An _____ shows how many of a given product will be supplied at different prices A Supply curve B quantity demanded C demand curve D equilibruim price A The term supply is best defined as ________ A giving something to someone who needs it B the willingness and ability of buyers to buy a good or service C the willingness and ability of producers to offer a good or service for sale D ther area in which a firm keeps its wholesale stock for future use C Which of the following is one of the elements required in private enterprise A adequate representation in the government B freedom from foreign competition C freedom of choice D the right to market leadership C Producers will offer more of a product for sale as its price rises and less as its price drops The situation being described refers to _____ A the law of supply B the evoked set C the law of demand D the push strategy A Which of the following is NOT one of the elements required in private enterprise A private property rights B freedom of choice C stability of cash flow D profits C Buyers will purchase more of a product as its price drops and less of a product as its price increases The situation being described is referred to as ______ A purchase dissonance B the law of demand C the law of supply D buyers remorse B In perfect competition which of the following conditions must prevail A all firms in a given industry must be small B No single firm is powerful enough to influence the price of its product C The number of firms in the industry must be large D All of the above D Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of perfect competition A There is great similarity among products offered by different firms B There are many firms in the industry C Firms are small D It is very difficult for a firm to enter or leave the market D The law of demand maintains that buyers will purchase more of a product as its price _____ A stays the same B drops C fits a persons personal budget D rises B Which of the following statements best captures the notion of private enterprise A Business can do anything they want free of legal restraints B Certain activities remain private C Individuals pursue their own interests with minimal government restriction D Small businesses will do better than big businesses in the long run C Similar products are differentiated in monopolistic competition True False True The primary measure of the growth in the business cycle is inflation TrueFalse False Inflation results in increased purchasing power for the consumer TrueFalse False If wage rates increase businesses will respond by hiring more employees TureFalse False The market for clothing is best characterized as monopolistic competition TrueFalse True Global business environment refers to the international forces that affect a business TrueFalse True Electric companies are good examples of natural monopolies because their price is governmentregulated and they can supply all the power needed in a local area TrueFalse True Taken together fiscal policy and monetary policy make up growth policy during inflationary times TrueFalse False Standard of living tends to decrease with growth in the economy TrueFalse False Tax increases and decreases are a form of fiscal policy TrueFalse True In which economic system does the government own and operate select major industries A capitalism B communism C free enterprise D socialism D Which of the following is NOT an example of information resources A specialized knowledge about satellite technology B economic data C market forecasts D production facilities D Which of the following is NOT a factor of production A labor B government C capital D entrepreneurs D Which of the following is NOT an example of physical resources A computers B land C office facilities D market forecasts D The external environment of business consists of all of the following EXCEPT A corporate culture B the domestic business environment C the global business environment D the technological environment A Which economic system provides for the private ownership of the factors of production and encourages entrepreneurship by offering profits as an incentive A Marxism B socialism C capitalism D communism C The two most basic forms of planned economies are _______ A socialism and the welfare states B socialism and freeenterprise C communism and socialism D capitalism and socialism C A planned economy relies on a centralized government to _______ A encourage citizens to buy shares of stock in small companies B keep its control activities to a minimum C allocate all or most factors of production D support free enterprise in every way possible C In a market economy the factors of production are allocated by _____ A producers and consumers B stat commerce department C the federal government D all of the above A Th key difference between economic systems is the different ways in which they manage _____ A the transportation of goods within their borders B the factors of production C the payment of workers D government rules and regulations B

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Economics Chapter 12 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Peak CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT Real GDP is at its highest point Employment and profits are usually strong CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 18

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


AP I Ch7 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Terms in this set 93 Greg trips over a toy and experiences a sharp pain His physician diagnosis a torn meniscus Greg has injured his knee joint Classifying joints as synarthrotic amphiarthrotic or diarthrotic represents the degree of movement possible at the joint When a joint is immobilized for a prolonged time there is danger that articular cartilage will degenerate What is a synovial joint Condylar ballandsocket saddle hinge lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline Abduction Artificial joints are built of silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging Kicking a soccer ball is flexion of the leg at the knee joint as the foot draws back and then extension as it contacts the ball True Which is a function of bone To protect soft tissues to house the tissue that manufactures blood cells to store inorganic salts to provide a framework for the body What is found in spongy bone trabeculae canaliculi osteoblasts periosteum Compact bone has ________ whereas spongy bone has __________ tightly packed tissue that is solid strong and resistant to bending cancellous bone that reduces the weight of bone The white material that reduces friction at the ends of bones is called articular cartilage Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage A sixmonthold baby is admitted to the hospital for the third time for a broken bone and the parents are arrested on charges of child abuse The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests come back for which condition ostegensis imperfecta A bone does NOT thicken by activity of osteocytes in the medullary cavity increased secretion of calcium salts by osteoclasts increased activity of the epiphyseal plate adding blood vessels and nerves Osteoblasts are ______ whereas osteocytes are ______ boneforming cells mature bone cells A vitamin D deficiency results in ______ whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ______ rickets retardation of bone development Which is a step in endochondral bone formation hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone periosteum forms from connective tissue outside the developing bone ostoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage osteoblasts deposit a thin layer of compact bone beneath the periosteum What is an example of an intramembranous bone Broad flat skull bones Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae True Endochondral ossification ______ whereas intramembranous ossification ______ replaces hyaline cartilage replaces undifferentiated connective tissue The thyroid hormone thyroxine can ______ bone growth by ______ increase stimulating osteoblast activity in the epiphyseal plate Sex hormones stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates Exercise ______ and _______ bones thickens strengthens The type of calcium phosphate forming most of the inorganic salts in bone extracellular matrix is hydroxyaptite The axial skeleton includes the skull hyoid bone thoracic cage and vertebral column A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the maxillae The hip bones include the ilium the ischium and pubis Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called true ribs What describes a females pelvis compared to a males pelvis A cavity that is wider in all dimensions with lighter bones A compound fracture results when the broken bone is exposed to the outside Which of the following correctly lists the steps of fracture repair in sequence A hematoma forms granulation tissue and fibrocartilage develop osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris bony callus forms Eightyyearold Evelyn takes a bisphosphonate drug once a month to keep her bones strong She most likely has osteoporosis A bone shaft is the diaphysis the expanded part at the ends are the epiphyses True Perforating canals form transverse channels in bone tissue True The number of bones in most people is 206 True Fontanels in the infants skull permit some bone movement enabling the infant to pass more easily through the birth canal True As a person ages osteoblasts outnumber osteoclasts False The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin cellular layer called ______ endosteum Blood cell formation is called _____________ hematopoiesis The membrane around the bone is called periosteum The Haversian system is the structural unit of compact bone cortical bone A fracture caused by excessive twisting of the bone spiral Once a tunnel of bone is formed around a blood vessel the bone building cells of the __________ lay down bone in concentric circles that fill the tunnel endosteum Bones grow through the process of ____________ growth appositional What is the function of yellow marrow storage of fats What is the function of red bone marrow red blood cells white blood cells platelets The hormone that stimulates osteoblast activity thyroxine Absence of this hormone as a child causes dwarfism growth An infant has _____ separate bones in the vertebral column 33 Classification of a joint that is slightly moveable amphiarthrotic Supplies cartilage with nutrients synovial fluid Discs of fibrocartilage that separate articular surfaces menisci A saclike fluid filled structure near a joint bursae The functional junction between two bones is called a __________ joint The largest and most complex of the synovial joints knee Which is a function of joints binds parts together allows shape change during birth allows bone growth Classification of a joint that is immovable like a tooth in the jawbone gomphosis Most skeletal joints are this type synovial Structure that reinforces and helps bond articulating end together ligament Classification of a joint that is freely movable diarthrotic Raising a part Elevation lowering a part depression moving the part away from the midline abduction moving a part around an axis rotation bending a joint so the angle between the parts of a joint are decreased flexion straightening parts at a joint extension turning hand palm down pronation turning hand palm up supination moving a part backward retraction moving a part forward protraction moving a part so that the end follows a circular path circumduction turning the foot sole inward inversion turning the foot sole outward eversion bending the foot downward at the ankle plantar flexion joint between metacarpals and phalanges condyloid Cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within the ring of another bone pivot Joint between the carpals and metacarpals of the thumb saddle found in the hip and shoulder ball and socket Egg shaped head articulating with cup shaped cavity ball and socket Convex surface of one bone fits onto concave surface of another hinge Elbow is an example hinge Both bones have convex and concave surfaces but their surfaces are complimentary to each other saddle Atlas and axis pivot Articulating surfaces are flat so they slide back and forth gliding Wrist and vertebrae gliding Have greater length than width and consist of a shaft and two extremities are called long Somewhat cube shaped and nearly equal in length and width short Thin and composed of two relatively paralle plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone flat Vertebrae and certain facial bones are called irregular Small clusters of bones between the joints of certain cranial bones wormian Bones in tendons where considerable pressure develops sesamoid The patella is an example of sesamoid

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Krystal_Hernandez8 FINAL EXAM CGS FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Business intelligence is o An informationgathering tool but not a decisionmaking tool o A tool for both gathering and analyzing data and decision making o A decisionmaking tool that works with data that have already been gathered o A dashboard that summarizes monthly data CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT o A tool for both gathering and analyzing data and decision making CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 77 Terms in this set 77 Business intelligence is o An informationgathering tool but not a decisionmaking tool o A tool for both gathering and analyzing data and decision making o A decisionmaking tool that works with data that have already been gathered o A dashboard that summarizes monthly data o A tool for both gathering and analyzing data and decision making 2 According to Economist Herbert Simon decisionmaking is composed of o Intelligence o Design o Choice All of these All of these An unstructured problem is routine and repetitiveTrue False False Business Intelligence applications can be used by Managers only Customers only All levels of employees but no one outside of the company All levels of employees plus customers and suppliers All levels of employees plus customers and suppliers Data mining can predict trends and behaviors and identify previously unknown patterns True False True A Management Cockpit is a strategic management room that contains an elaborate set of __________ that enable toplevel decision makers to pilot their businesses better Geographic information systems Mainframe computers Dashboards None of these Dashboards Which of the following statements regarding data visualization is true They make applications more available and attractive to users They are installed on a companys computer system rather than the Internet They are not related to GIS or GPS systems They do not support decisionmaking programs They make applications more available and attractive to users In the _____ phase of the decision making process managers set criteria for the evaluation of alternative potential solutions consideration intelligence implementation choice design Design _____ refers to applications and technologies for consolidating analyzing and providing access to vast amounts of data to help users make better business and strategic decisions Business intelligence Geographical information systems Expert systems Transaction processing systems Functional area information systems BI DSS characteristics include which of the following support managers at all organizational levels support all phases of the decision making process adaptable to changing conditions usually utilize quantitative models all of the above All of the above _____ is the study of the impact that changes in one or more variables of a decisionmaking model have on other variables Sensitivity analysis Goalseeking analysis Simulation Statistical analysis Whatif analysis Sensitivity analysis Which capability of digital dashboards enables users to go into greater detail Exception reporting Trend analysis Key performance indicators Drill down Status access Drill Down Utilizing business intelligence systems accomplishes all of the following except It increases personnel expenses It supports a new business model It enables the business strategy It changes the way a company competes in the marketplace It increases personnel expenses Data mining can be used in which of the following fields Retailing and sales Insurance Banking All of these All of these A geographic information system is a computerbased system for capturing integrating manipulating and displaying data using digitized maps True False True Reality mining enables analysts to extract information from the usage patterns of mobile phones and other wireless devices True False True This information system uses data visualization technologies to analyze and display data in the form of digital maps for planning and decision making purposes Transaction processing system Decision support system Dashboard Geographical information system Global positioning system Geographical information system The type of decision that can be made by following a definite procedure is called an ______ decision structured unstructured undocumented semistructured procedural structured Credit card companies would most likely use which of the following to check for fraudulent credit card use Data mining Expert systems Neural networks Multidimensional data analysis Structured query language Data mining An example of a key performance indicator is Network traffic Server load Transactions per second Return on investment Return on investment Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with what is considered to be right and wrong True False True Ethical issues may be categorized into which of the following types privacy accuracy property accessibility all of the above all of the above _______________ is the tenet of ethics that refers to determining who is responsible for actions that were taken Accountability Liability The code of ethics Responsibility Accountability Accuracy issues Involve collecting storing and disseminating information about individuals Involve the authenticity fidelity and accuracy of information that is collected and processed Involve the ownership and value of information Involve who can access information and whether they should have to pay for that access Involve the authenticity fidelity and accuracy of information that is collected and processed Derogatory personal information about you that has been posted on the Internet can be very difficult to remove True False True The fairness approach for ethical standards states An ethical action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of the affected parties An ethical action is one that shows respect and compassion for all others An ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm An ethical action is one that treats all human beings equally or if unequally then fairly based on some defensible standard An ethical action is one that treats all human beings equally or if unequally then fairly based on some defensible standard Which type of privacy policy restricts an organization from collecting personal information until the customer specifically authorizes it electronic surveillance optout model profiling optin model optin model The utilitarian approach for ethical standards statesAn ethical action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of the affected parties An ethical action is one that shows respect and compassion for all others An ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm An ethical action is one that treats all human beings equally or if unequally then fairly based on some defensible standard An ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm An information system exposure is Any danger to an information resource The potential loss or damage to an information resource The possibility that an information resource will be lost or damaged None of these The potential loss or damage to an information resource Human mistakes that can lead to information security threats include all of the following except Poor password selection Carelessness with discarded equipment Opening questionable emails All of these can lead to information security threats All of these can lead to information security threats Social engineering refers to an attack where the perpetrator uses social skills to trick or manipulate a legitimate employee into providing confidential company information such as passwords True False True Phishing attacks occur when the attacker uses deception to acquire sensitive personal information by masquerading as officiallooking emails or instant messages True False True Which type of alien software uses your computer to send emails that look like they came from you to all the people in your address book spamware adware spyware cookies spamware Risk management identifies controls and minimizes the impact of threats to the organizations information security True False True ____________ is an encryption standard used for secure transactions such as credit card processing and online banking Whitelisting VPN TLS DMZ TLS Protecting an organizations information is becoming increasingly difficult due to the number of small devices such as flash drives that thieves can use to steal data True False True Which of the following factors is are making information security more difficult Todays highly complex networked business environment The computing skills necessary to be a hacker are decreasing Increased employee use of unmanaged computing and storage devices All of these All of these The four major types of information security controls are Access controls physical controls application controls and communication controls Risk controls software controls programmer controls and access controls Physical controls risk controls application controls and communication controls Physical controls authentication controls biometric controls and antimalware controls Access controls physical controls application controls and communication controls Communication controls include Authentication passwords and authorization Motion detectors locked doors guards and temperature sensors Firewalls antimalware and secure socket layers SSLs Input processing and output controls Firewalls antimalware and secure socket layers SSLs Computer code that performs malicious actions and can replicate without the presence of another computer program is a logic bomb worm zeroday attack virus back door worm _________ is a broad term that refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet as well as servicing customers and collaborating with partners Electronic commerce Ebusiness Digitization Social networking Ebusiness eBay is an example of which type of ecommerce businesstobusiness businesstoconsumer governmenttocitizen consumertoconsumer consumertobusiness consumertoconsumer In this type of ecommerce buyers and sellers are individuals consumertoconsumer businesstobusiness consumertobusiness businesstoconsumer governmenttocitizen consumertoconsumer Electronic commerce makes national and international markets less accessible True False False Electronic business includes which of the following buying and selling servicing customers collaborating with business partners conducting electronic transactions within an organization all of the above all of the above Pureplay organizations Only sell their products in traditional brickandmortar stores Sell their products both online and in traditional brickandmortar stores Only sell their products online Only sell their products to other businesses Only sell their products online PayPal is an example of a business that offers Electronic checks Persontoperson payments Electronic cash Storedvalue money cards Persontoperson payments The indiscriminate distribution of electronic ads without the permission of the receiver is referred to as Advertising abuse Harassment Eharassment Spamming Spamming The key mechanisms in the sellside marketplace are customized electronic catalogs and forward auctions True False True Purchasing products and services online often cuts out the middleman who has traditionally sold the product andor service This is process is called Straighttoconsumer services Replacement of brickandmortar stores Disintermediation Dysfunctionalization Disintermediation Banner advertising Is sent directly to potential customers via email Is sent directly to potential customers via email Forces customers to click on an ad to get more information Is of limited value because it can not be customized to the target audience Is another name for popup advertising Is of limited value because it can not be customized to the target audience Is another name for popup advertising Forces customers to click on an ad to get more information Which type of electronic exchange connect buyers with sellers within a specific industry Vertical exchanges Public exchanges Horizontal exchanges Functional exchanges Vertical exchanges Purchasing by using electronic support is referred to as eprocurement True False True In ____________ needed services such as temporary help or extra office space are traded on an asneeded basis Vertical exchanges Horizontal exchanges Functional exchanges All of these Functional exchanges The use of electronic commerce may eliminate the need for Brokers Employees Agents All of these All of these The stock market is the only area of business that has experienced fraud on the Internet True False False The primary characteristic of auctions is that prices are determined dynamically by competitive bidding True False True Inputs to the manufacturing process are known as Direct materials Indirect materials Public exchanges Maintenance supplies Direct materials When discussing communication media wireless and mobile mean the same thing because if the device is wireless it has to be mobile and if it is mobile it has to be wireless True False False Mobile computing refers to a realtime wireless connection between a mobile device and other computing environments such as an intranet refers to ecommerce transactions that are conducted with a mobile device means that virtually every device has processing power with wireless or wired connections to a global network None of these statements are correct refers to a realtime wireless connection between a mobile device and other computing environments such as an intranet Pervasive computing refers to a realtime wireless connection between a mobile device and other computing environments such as an intranet refers to ecommerce transactions that are conducted with a mobile device means that virtually every device has processing power with wireless or wired connections to a global network None of these statements are correct means that virtually every device has processing power with wireless or wired connections to a global network All of the following wireless media require an unobstructed line of sight except Microwave Satellite Radio Infrared Radio Which of the following wireless broadcast media do global positioning systems GPSs use RFID chips and readers to track automobiles Microwave signals to determine longitude and latitude of objects Radio signals to determine positions and to talk to drivers with directions Medium earth orbit MEO satellites Medium earth orbit MEO satellites Wireless broadcast media include satellites radios and fiberoptic cable RFID transmitters satellites and fiberoptic cable radios TV remotes and satellites fiberoptic cable infrared and GPS radios TV remotes and satellites Which type of satellite has the shortest orbital life Entry field with correct answer geostationary low earth orbit medium earth orbit polar orbit equatorial orbit low earth orbit WiFi has become so popular because it is almost problemfree when it is used in large geographic areas Entry field with correct answer True False False Which of the following is the most appropriate wireless technology for realtime location of caregivers and mobile equipment in healthcare environments Entry field with correct answer Infrared WiFi Microwave Bluetooth Ultra wideband Ultra wideband Telemetry is Entry field with correct answer a realtime connection between a mobile device and other computing environments such as the Internet mobile commerce transactions that are conducted with a mobile device The wireless transmission and receipt of data gathered from remote sensors a technology that allows users to make purchases with a single click from their mobile devices The wireless transmission and receipt of data gathered from remote sensors Mobile computing has two major characteristics that differentiate it from other forms of computing What are these two characteristics Entry field with correct answer broad reach localization mobility broad reach security broad reach mobility lack of expense security mobility mobility broad reach Which of the following is not a mobile application in financial services transaction processing systems mobile banking wireless electronic payment systems micropayments wireless wallets transaction processing systems Pervasive computing is a computer environment in which virtually every object has processing power with wireless or wired connections to a global network True False True Smart appliances can be controlled by handheld devices with RFIDs or WSNs True False True A wireless sensor network uses satellites to enable users to determine their position anywhere on earth consists of interconnected batterypowered motes that relay data to other motes is a type of transmission that uses red light that is not commonly visible to human eyes is a type of chip technology that enables shortrange data and voice connections between wireless devices consists of interconnected batterypowered motes that relay data to other motes RF jamming refers to locating WANs while driving or walking and using a wirelessenabled computer to intrude into the network unauthorized users accessing data that are traveling over wireless networks a person or device that intentionally or unintentionally interferes with wireless network transmissions Making private wireless communications available to the public a person or device that intentionally or unintentionally interferes with wireless network transmissions An _____ allows unauthorized entry into a wireless network open node rogue access point disgruntled employee illegal server lack of encryption rogue access point Eavesdropping refers to locating WANs while driving or walking and using a wirelessenabled computer to intrude into the network unauthorized users accessing data that are traveling over wireless networks a person or device that intentionally or unintentionally interferes with wireless network transmissions Making private wireless communications available to the public unauthorized users accessing data that are traveling over wireless networks The major security threats to wireless communications include rogue access points telemetry and WSNs rogue access points war driving and eavesdropping rogue access points telemetry and eavesdropping rogue access points WSNs and RF jamming rogue access points war driving and eavesdropping YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 69 terms MIS 3 85 terms MIS 213 191 terms MIS Exam 3 ISDS 4120 Exam 3 3 Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


accounting final exam ch 1618 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month A job order cost system would be appropriate in the manufacturing of CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT custommade furniture CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 48

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Chapter 26 Cost Allocation and ActivityBased Costing REVIEW Product Costs Direct Materials Direct Labor and Overhead Three Methods of Allocating Overhead Single Plantwide Overhead Rate Departmental Overhead Rates ActivityBased Costing ABC Rates Single Plantwide Overhead Rate Only one rate is used to allocate overhead Overhead rate Total Budgeted OHAllocation Base Allocation Base Denominator may be DL Hours DL Machine Hours Etc Single Plantwide Overhead Rate Advantages Simple Inexpensive Single Plantwide Overhead Rate Disadvantages If multiple products are involved they may not consume OH in same amounts not as accurate Departmental Overhead Rates Uses different rates to allocate OH for each production department Calculation is the samejust multiple departments More Appropriate than a single rate when Significant Differences in the OH rates across different departments Products require different ratios of usage in each department ActivityBased Costing ABC Method of Cost System Refinement Refinement more accurate Allocates overhead to multiple activity cost pools and assigns the activity cost pools to products by means of cost drivers Activity Based Costing ABC Activity any event action transaction or work sequence that causes the incurrence of cost in the production of a product or rendering of a service Cost Driver Any factor or activity that has a direct causeeffect relationship with the resources consumed Traditional Product Costing SingleRate Costs Consumed By Products Activity Based Costing Blah Costs Consumed By Activities Consumed By Products Yes

O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


PSY 220 PrePostTests Chap 8 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Which of the following is the most important estrogen for the development of puberty in females estradiol CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 70 Terms in this set 70 Which of the following is the most important estrogen for the development of puberty in females estradiol Which of the following are classifications that are used to describe why young people abuse substances experimental social medicinal and addictive The word puberty is derived from the Latin word pubecere which means to grow ____ hairy Although there are many reasons for using substances according to the text how do many adults view substance use by adolescents as problem behavior ____ is used to describe the downward trend in the age of menarche secular trend Even though 60 of Americans can be classified as overweight or obese American culture is obsessed with physical appearance Young girls are especially vulnerable to media images of models TV stars and singers who are beautiful and strikingly thin You have a niece who is 15 years old and you think she is very beautiful You notice that she has become a very picky eater and rarely finishes her meals Before puberty she was an eating machine Based upon what is described in the text which of the following is a possible reason for your nieces new food behaviors Since 60 of adolescent females believe that they are overweight she is probably trying not to gain weight or is actively dieting Your 15yearold son describes himself as being hormonal He realizes that his emotions and feelings can be quite a mixture during this time of his life What is the major difference in his hormone levels now as compared to before puberty His levels of testosterone are about ____ 20 times higher than before puberty Chris is a teenager and is having a really bad day Not only did he fail to make the football team but the person he wanted to go to the prom with was asked by someone else He is feeling sad lonely and depressed Having only drunk alcohol socially in the past he becomes intoxicated after consuming six beers that he finds in his mothers garage Based on the four classifications of adolescent substance use which of the following best describes Chriss situation medicinal substance use Critics have waged an international campaign against ___ and have cited it as a cruel and inhumane practice that has lifelong physiological effects female circumcision ____ is the phrase to describe when substances are used to relieve an unpleasant emotional state such as sadness anxiety stress or loneliness Selfmedicating ____ is the most important androgen for pubertal development in males Testosterone In many traditional cultures young men are required to demonstrate courage strength and endurance in their comingofage rituals because ___________ daily life often requires these capacities In many cultures menarche initiates a monthly ritual related to menstruation that lasts throughout a womans reproductive life In many cultures it is believed that menstrual blood is ____ dangerous In many cultures boys are required to engage in violent rituals and sometimes in bloodletting of various kinds However due to _____ some of these rituals have declined in frequency or have even disappeared globalization Boys in Kenyas Kikuyu culture show the first physical changes of puberty ____ their female peers which is ____ the Western pattern before the reversal of Blonca is from Latin America and is excited to celebrate her quinciñeara She has picked out the most beautiful dress and she knows that all of her family and friends will be there Blonca will soon ____ turn 15 years old As described in the text ____ is a males first ejaculation spermarche ____ are physiological characteristics that are directly related to reproduction Primary sex characteristics As stated in the text with respect to pubertal development the most important androgen is ____ and the most important estrogen is ____ testosterone estradiol During the course of a womans reproductive life she will release about ____ ova Globalization has reduced the number of traditional cultures that practice rituals associated with puberty however in Africa the male ritual of ____ is still maintained The rates of eating disorder symptoms in adolescents from Germany and Finland are ____ than United States slightly lower There are _________ sperm in the typical male ejaculation 100 to 300 million Vanessa is terrified of becoming fat Her weight is normal and most of the time she has normal eating habits but sometimes she loses control and binges on large amounts of food In an effort to avoid becoming fat Vanessa makes herself throw up after these binges Vanessa is exhibiting symptoms of ___________ bulimia nervosa Which of the following are classifications that are used to describe why young people abuse substances experimental social medicinal and addictive Which of the following are culturally based markers that signify an individuals departure from childhood and his or her entrance into adolescence puberty rituals You overheard your little cousin and her best friend who are both 8 years old discussing what they thought about puberty and when they thought those changes would begin Your cousin is thin and her friend is considerably heavier Based upon what is described in the text what is likely to occur in terms of the beginning of puberty for them Your cousins friend having more body fat is likely to begin puberty earlier Your niece is a very intelligent person and is excelling in high school In fact it seems that she continues to get more intelligent You understand that as her brain matures neurons develop greater synaptic connections grow more axons and increase in myelin You also understand that neurons that are not used do not develop synaptic connections with others The brain actually has more synapses than it needs Which of the following terms describes the natural process of synaptic death synaptic pruning Your roommates younger brother just broke up with his girlfriend whom he had been dating for three years and hes been very upset about it When your roommate went home to visit she noticed her brother was using illegal drugs She was surprised since he never did drugs before According to the text he is likely ____ selfmedicating Of all individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder what percentage is female 90 According to the text which of the following adolescents is most likely to exhibit formal operational thought adolescents who have had coursework in math and science Vygotsky referred to _____ as the difference between skills or tasks that adolescents can accomplish alone and those they are capable of doing if guided by an adult or a more competent peer the zone of proximal development The ____ problem can be used to assess whether or not a child has progressed from concrete to formal operations pendulum Which of the following Piagetian stages involves the development of hypotheticaldeductive reasoning formal operations Which of the following best defines adolescent egocentrism Difficulty distinguishing their thinking about their own thoughts from their thinking about the thoughts of others According to the text ____ attention is the ability to focus on relevant information while screening out information that is irrelevant selective Before the 1970s researchers believed that formal operational thought ____ does not develop in many cultures particularly in cultures that do not have formal schooling You are watching a video of a woman in a developing country performing a Piagetian task intended to determine if she is in formal operations The person performing the task is 28 and she is doing quite poorly Which of the following is a likely reason for her poor performance She did not have formal education that included the scientific method Your younger brothers best friend is a huge risk taker Even though he is only 15 years old he has already exhibited some very dangerous behaviors One of his favorite activities is to run across a highway in the early evening when there is quite a bit of traffic In talking to your brothers friend you ask him Why would you risk your life He can not reply with a good response So you ask him How do you think the driver who almost hit you feels He tries to answer the question but for some reason can not give personal fable Your 14yearold nephew just walked in the door from school and told you that he is not going to go back You ask why and he tells you that everyone laughed at him because he forgot to put on deodorant Although you tried to help he was inconsolable He tells you that everyone knew his armpits smelled You do not notice any odor coming from him and ask him why he thinks he smells He replies You cant really smell it but Im sure everyone noticed my body odor Your nephew was experiencing what David Elkin regarded as ____ the imaginary audience Which of the following is a memory strategy that adolescents use more frequently than children involving organizing mental information into coherent patterns mnemonic devices An imaginary audience is best described as ____ an adolescents difficulty in distinguishing between their thinking about themselves and their thinking about the thoughts of others Samantha is a young adult who is enrolled in college in the United States and is passionate about automobiles and motorcycles She has the capacity to perform formal operational tasks but uses her cognitive abilities selectively In which of the following courses is she more likely to perform formal operational tasks small engine repair course According to the text current research has demonstrated that most individuals in emerging adulthood and beyond use formal operations ____ inconsistently or not at all p356 Hypotheticaldeductive reasoning is best described as the ability to ____ think scientifically and apply the rigor of the scientific method to cognitive tasks Freddy is a teenager and is arguing with his mother about borrowing the car for Friday night Out of frustration Freddy states Mom you dont know what it feels like to be a teenager You have no clue what Im going through and how not having a car on Friday night is going to kill my social life I swear no one will be drinking at the party Why dont you believe me Which of the following best describes the cognitive limitation Freddy is experiencing p359 The Fore people of Papua New Guinea primarily survive from slash and burn farming and hunting and gathering from the forest Learning from the mistakes of historical research if one wanted to measure higher cognitive tasks among the Fore tasks that are deemed as within the realm of formal operations he or she would be best served by presenting a cognitive task that involves knowledge of ____ basic survival skills Which of the following is a cultural view that allows premarital sex for adolescent boys but forbids it for adolescent girls double standard Which of the following is a supported hypothesis that explains why the crime rate for adolescents and young adults is so dramatically high in comparison to other groups Adolescence and young adulthood is a time in which one seeks independence from parents and is one reinforced by their peers to commit various crimes Resilience is promoted by ____ that enable adolescents to overcome the risk factors that may impede or stifle their success in life protective factors Marcus can be best described as a resilient person He comes from a lower social economic status and a harsh neighborhood and is the first in his family to graduate from high school and attend college Which of the following are three protective factors we can assume Marcus possesses high intelligence warm but controlling parents and a social network of caring adults Your little sister is 14 years old and has been extremely emotional lately Her mood changes suddenly and abruptly According to your friends teenagers are highly emotional and their mental state is always on shaky ground Your mother believes that your sister is most likely being flooded with estrogen and progesterone which is affecting her emotions Your older sister thinks that your younger sisters brain is developing and her body is going through multiple changes You know these changes are occurring however after reading your text you know scholars attribute adolescents variability of emotions to ____ cognitive and environmental factors Lisa is working with a therapist for her anxiety As a means to minimize the effects of her anxiety Lisas therapist prescribes Prozac and helps her examine her thought patterns in the hopes of creating behavioral change Prozac is a drug that is commonly used to treat __________ depression ____ is a research design that involves having subjects carry wristwatch beepers and then beeping them randomly during the day so that they can record their thoughts feelings and behavior Experience Sampling Method Which Greek philosophers noted that youth are heated by Nature as drunken men by wine Aristotle In regards to the development of ones selfconcept and its appraisal several longitudinal studies have demonstrated that selfesteem ____ in early adolescence then ____ through late adolescence and emerging adulthood declines rises Kohlbergs postconventional level of moral reasoning is most consistent with which of the following statements Moral reasoning is based on the individuals own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or right ____ is a research design that involves having subjects carry wristwatch beepers and then beeping them randomly during the day so that they can record their thoughts feelings and behavior Experience Sampling Method According to the text David Gilmore 1990 concluded that in most traditional cultures an adolescent boy must demonstrate three capacities before he can be considered a man He must ____ provide protect and procreate Adolescence is often a time of emotional ____ which was the overall conclusion of research that used Experience Sampling Methods to measure the emotional state of adolescents in the United States volatility Kerry loves and respects her mother however her mother works in a job that she hates in the deli at a local grocery store Kerry knows that she wants better for herself and wants to earn a college degree and have a teaching career Kerry has a positive outlook on life and has strong selfesteem her future seems bright There are many selves described in this scenariowhich of the following best describes Kerrys trepidation about working in a dissatisfying career Feared self _____ is defined as the degree to which two people share personal knowledge thoughts and feelings Intimacy In regards to the development of ones selfconcept and its appraisal several longitudinal studies have demonstrated that selfesteem ____ in early adolescence then ____ through late adolescence and emerging adulthood declines rises Which of the following does Kohlberg propose as the basis of moral development cognitive development You and your friends are discussing some of the mischievous behavior you took part in when you were teenagers At the time it seemed like good fun however reflecting back as an adult it is clear that some of what occurred was illegal On average how many adolescent boys commit at least one criminal act some time before they reach age 20 75 or 34ths There are many different selves within one individual however your ____ self is your selfconception and ____ selves are the different people you could become in the future depending on your choices and experiences actual possible The two most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia According to the text which of the following statements has the greatest degrees of accuracy Bulimia is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa Because girls tend to evaluate their physical appearance negatively and because physical appearance is at the heart of their global self esteem girls selfesteem tends to be _________________ lower than boys during adolescence Kohlbergs proposition of a universal theory of moral development has been challenged by Richard Shweder who believes that it is impossible to understand moral development unless you understand an individuals ____ Culture YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE CH 8 Devo PSYCH9 47795 65 terms Psych 172 Ch 8 63 terms PSY 240 Final Exam Ashley Morris MyPsychLab Chapter 8 OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 34 terms PSY310 Final Chaps 101112 83 terms PSY310 Final 19 terms PSY334 Exam 1 36 terms PSY379 Practice Exam 1 THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 134 terms Psychology 220 exam 2 118 terms psychology exam 3 33 terms ch8 section1 18 terms ch8

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