15121513 The Laws of Burgos This was the first systematic code to govern the conduct of settlers in America particularly in their relations with the native Indians Among other innovations the Laws initiated the official use of the old Spanish legal term encomienda with its implication of duty as well as privilege in place of the term repartimiento hitherto used in the Indies to describe the distribution of groups of Indians to individual Spaniards for compulsory labor The provisions in the Laws for the protection of the natives were considered by the Dominicans to be inadequate and unenforceable but they represented the first small breach Whereas the King my Lord and Father and the Queen my Mistress and Mother may she rest in glory always desired that the chiefs and Indians of the Island of Española be brought to a knowledge of our Holy Catholic Faith and Whereas they commanded that certain ordinances be drawn up which were indeed drawn up by their Highnesses as well as at their command by the Comendador Bobadilla and the Comendador Mayor de Alcántara former governors of the said Island and afterward by Don Diego Columbus our Admiral Viceroy and Governor of it and by our officers who reside Whereas it has become evident through long experience that nothing has sufficed to bring the said chiefs and Indians to a knowledge of our Faith necessary for their salvation since by nature they are inclined to idleness and vice and have no manner of virtue or doctrine by which Our Lord is disserved and that the principal obstacle in the way of correcting their vices and having them profit by and impressing them with a doctrine is that their dwellings are remote from the settlements of the Spaniards who go hence to reside in the said Island because although at Whereas this is contrary to our Faith and Therefore for these reasons and for many others that could be adduced it was agreed that for the improvement and remedy of all the aforesaid the said chiefs and Indians should forthwith be brought to dwell near the villages and communities of the Spaniards who inhabit that Island so that they may be treated and taught and looked after as is right and as we have always desired and so I command that henceforth that which is contained below be obeyed and observed as follows I First since it is our determination to remove the said Indians and have them dwell near the Spaniards we order and command that the persons to whom the said Indians are given or shall be given in encomienda shall at once and forthwith build for every fifty Indians four lodges bohíos of thirty by fifteen feet and have the Indians plant 5000 hillocks 3000 in cassava and 2000 in yams 250 pepper plants and 50 cotton plants and so on in like manner increasing or decreasing the amount according to the number of Indians they have in encomienda and these And the persons who have the said Indians in their charge in encomienda shall have them sow in season half a fanega of maize and shall also give them a dozen hens and a cock to raise and enjoy the fruit thereof the chickens as well as the eggs and as soon as the Indians are brought to the estates they shall be given all the aforesaid as their own property and the person whom you send for this purpose shall tell them it is for their own use and that it is given them in exchange for what they II After the aforesaid has been done we order and command that all the chiefs and Indians dwelling on the Island of Española now or in the future shall be brought from their present dwelling places to the villages and communities of the Spaniards who reside now or in the future on the said Island and in order that they be brought of their own volition and suffer no harm from the removal we hereby command Don Diego Columbus our Admiral Viceroy and Governor of the said Island and our appellate judges and officers of it to have them brought in III Also we order and command that the citizen to whom the said Indians are given in encomienda shall upon the land that is assigned to him be obliged to erect a structure to be used for a church on a site selected by you the said Admiral judges and officers or by the visitor appointed by you and in this said church he shall place an image of Our Lady and a bell with which to call the Indians to prayer and the person who has them in encomienda shall be obliged to have them called by the bell at IV Also in order to discover how each one is progressing in things of the Faith we command that every two weeks the said person who has them in charge shall examine them to see what each one knows particularly and to teach them what they do not know and he shall also teach them the Ten Commandments and the Seven Deadly Sins and the Articles of the Faith that is to those he thinks have the capacity and ability to learn them but all this shall be done with great love and gentleness and the person who fails to obey V Also because I have been informed that the Spaniards and Indians who live on the estates go for a long time without hearing Mass and since it is right that they should hear it at least on feast days and Sundays and since it is impossible for each estate to maintain a priest to say Mass we order and command that where four or five estates more or less are within distance of a league on that estate which is nearest the others a church shall be built and in this church an image of Our Lady and a bell Therefore in order that they be instructed in the things of the Faith and become accustomed to pray and hear Mass we command that the Spaniards who are on the estates with the said Indians and have charge of them shall be obliged to bring them all together to the said church in the morning and remain with them until after Mass is said and after Mass they shall bring them back to the estates and give them their pots of cooked meat in such wise that they eat on that day better than on any other day of the VI Also since it is our will that the best means be sought to persuade the Indians to accept the things of our Holg Catholic Faith and since if they should have to travel more than a league to hear Mass on Sundays and feast days it would be a grave hardship for them we order and command that if beyond the aforesaid league where we command the said church to be built there should be other estates even though they should be in the same district a church shall be erected there in the aforesaid manner VII Also we order and command the prelates and priests who now and in the future collect the tithes from the estates where the said Indians are to maintain priests continually in the said churches of the said estates to say Masses on Sundays and obligatory feast days and we order and command also that the said priests shall have charge of confessing those who know how to confess and of teaching those who do not Thus Our Lord will be served and if the contrary is done He has been and will be disserved VIII Also we order and command that at the mines where there are a sufficient number of Indians churches shall be built in convenient places approved by you our said Admiral judges and officers or by the person selected by you so that all the Indians who are at the mines may hear Mass on the said feast days and we command the settlers and Spaniards who bring the said Indians to extract gold to observe with them the same procedure that is followed on the estates as prescribed above under the same penalties applied in the same manner IX Also we order and command that whoever has fifty Indians or more in encomienda shall be obliged to have a boy the one he considers most able taught to read and write and the things of our Faith so that he may later teach the said Indians because the Indians will more readily accept what he says than what the Spaniards and settlers tell them and if the said person has a hundred Indians or more he shall have two boys taught as prescribed and if the person who has Indians does not have them taught as ordered we command X Also we order and command that each and every time an Indian falls sick in a place where there is a priest the priest shall be obliged to go to him and recite the Credo and other profitable things of our Holy Catholic Faith and if the Indian should know how to confess he shall confess him without charging him any fee for it and because there are some Indians who already understand the things of our Holy Faith we command that the said priests shall be obliged to have them confess once a year and also that they shall XI Also we order and command that no person having Indians in encomienda or any other person shall use Indians as carriers for transporting supplies to Indians at the mines but that when the latter are removed from one place to another they shall carry their own effects and provisions because we have been informed that there are no beasts of burden there and the aforesaid is to be observed and obeyed on pain that the person who employs the said Indians as carriers against the tenor and form of this article shall pay for each offense two gold pesos which XII Also we order and command that all the Spanish inhabitants and settlers who have Indians in encomienda shall be obliged to have all infants baptized within a week of their birth or before if it is necessary and if there is no priest to do so the person who has charge of the said estate shall be obliged to baptize them according to the custom in such emergencies on pain that he who fails to obey this article shall incur for each offense the penalty of three gold pesos which we command shall be for the church where the said XIII Also we order and command that after the Indians have been brought to the estates all the founding of gold that henceforth is done on the said Island shall be done in the manner prescribed below that is the said persons who have Indians in encomienda shall extract gold with them for five months in the year and at the end of these five months the said Indians shall rest forty days and the day they cease their labor of extracting gold shall be noted on a certificate which shall be given to the miners who go to the mines XIV Also since we have been informed that if the Indians are not allowed to perform their customary dances areytos they will receive great harm we order and command that they shall not be prevented from performing their dances on Sundays and feast days and also on work days if they do not on that account neglect their usual work stint XV Also since the most important consideration for the good treatment and increase of the Indians is their subsistence we order and command that all persons who have Indians shall be obliged to maintain those who are on their estates and there to keep continually a sufficiency of bread and yams and peppers and at least on Sundays and feast days to give them dishes of cooked meat as is prescribed in the article that says that on feast days when they go to Mass they shall be given better pots of meat than on other days and on the days XVI Also we order and command that among the other things of our Faith that shall be taught to the Indians they shall be made to understand that they may not have more than one wife at a time nor may they abandon her and if the persons who have them in encomienda see that they have sufficient discretion and knowledge to undertake matrimony and govern their households they shall procure their lawful marriage as our Holy Mother Church commands with the wife of their choice and we especially command that the chiefs be made to understand that they may not XVII Also we order and command that now and in the future all the sons of chiefs of the said Island of the age of thirteen or under shall be given to the friars of the Order of St Francis who may reside on the said Island as the King my Lord has commanded in one of his decrees so that the said friars may teach them to read and write and all the other things of our Holy Catholic Faith and they shall keep them for four years and then return them to the persons who have them in encomienda XVIII Also we order and command that no pregnant woman after the fourth month shall be sent to the mines or made to plant hillocks but shall be kept on the estates and utilized in household tasks such as making bread cooking and weeding and after she bears her child she shall nurse it until it is three years old and in all this time she shall not be sent to the mines or made to plant hillocks or used in anything else that will harm the infant on pain that the person who has Indians in encomienda and fails to XIX Also we order and command that all those on the said Island who have Indians in encomienda now or in the future shall be obliged to give to each of them a hammock in which to sleep continually and they shall not allow them to sleep on the ground as hitherto they have been doing and they shall give them this hammock within the twelve months immediately following their receiving the said Indians in encomienda And we command our visitors carefully to observe whether each Indian has the said hammock and to urge the said persons who have them in And since it is said that when anything is given to an Indian he immediately wishes to exchange it for something else we command that the said Indians be admonished by the visitors that they are not to exchange the said hammocks for other things and if they do exchange them we command the said visitors to punish the Indians who do so and to void the exchanges they have made XX Also we order and command that in order that henceforth the Indians may have wherewith the better to clothe and adorn themselves the person who has them in encomienda shall give to each of them a gold peso every year which he shall be obliged to give them in wearing apparel in the sight of and with the consent of our visitor and this gold peso shall be understood to be in addition to the said hammock that we commanded above to be given to each of them And since it is just that the said chiefs and their wives XXI Also in order that each one may employ only the Indians he has in encomienda and that no one may employ those belonging to another we order and command that no person or persons shall employ an Indian belonging to another or receive him in his house or estate or mine or anywhere but if an Indian should be traveling from one place to another we permit him to be detained for one night on an estate provided that immediately on the following morning he is sent forth to go and serve his master and we command that the person XXII Also we order and command that in order that the chiefs may the more easily have people to serve them in their personal needs provided that the Indians of the said chiefs are distributed among more than one person if a chief has forty subjects two of them shall be given to him for his service if he has seventy he shall be given three if a hundred four from a hundred to a hundred and fifty six and from that point onward even though he should have more subjects he shall not be given more and these said Indians XXIIl Also we order and command that all persons who have in encomienda Indians of the said Island of Española as well as those brought from other islands shall be obliged to give an accounting to the visitors within ten days of those who die and those who are born and we command that the said visitors shall be obliged to keep a book in which to enter every person who has Indians in encomienda and the Indians that each one has with their names so that those who are born may be entered and those who die removed and the XXIV Also we order and command that no person or persons shall dare to beat any Indians with sticks or whip him or call him dog or address him by any name other than his proper name alone and if an Indian should deserve to be punished for something he has done the said person having him in charge shall bring him to the visitor for punishment on pain that the person who violates this article shall pay for every time he beats or whips an Indian or Indians five pesos gold and if he should call an Indian dog or XXV Also since we have been informed that many persons having Indians in encomienda employ them in commerce or trade thereby disserving us we order and command that each person having Indians in encomienda shall be obliged to bring the third part of them to the mines to extract gold or more than the third part if he so desires on pain that if he fails to observe this he shall incur a penaltv of three gold pesos for each Indian lacking in the said third part to be sent to the mines but we permit the residents of La Sabana XXVI Also we order and command that those who have Indians in encomienda but whose estates are so remote from the mines that they can not supply provisions for the said Indians being sent thither shall combine their Indians with those of others who have estates in the vicinity in order to supply provisions for the said Indians one person supplying the provisions and the other the Indians provided that the master of the Indians being sent to the mines sends along with them a miner who will see to it that they do not lack necessities and the aforesaid shall XXVII Also since many Indians have been brought and are daily being brought from the neighboring islands we order and command that these said Indians be indoctrinated in and taught the things of the Faith in the form and manner that we have commanded to be observed with the other Indians of the said Island also that they shall be inspected by the said visitors unless they are slaves for these may be treated by their owner as he pleases but we command that they shall not be treated with that rigor and harshness with which other slaves are customarily treated XXVIII Also we order and command that each and every time any person vacates the Indians he has in encomienda either by death or for some other reason for which he may deserve to lose them the person to whom we grant the said estate in encomienda shall be obliged to purchase it from the one who has vacated the said Indians or from his heirs and it shall be appraised under oath by two persons who are acquainted with it to be named by you the said Admiral judges and officers and the said owner shall be obliged to sell XXIX Also we order and command that in each community of the said Island there shall be two visitors in charge of inspecting the whole community together with its mines and estates its shepherds and swineherds and they shall ascertain how the Indians are being taught in the things of our Faith and how their persons are being treated and how they are being maintained and how they or the persons who have them in charge are obeying and fulfilling these our ordinances and all the other things that each of them is obliged to do and we command them to XXX Also we order and command that the said visitors shall be selected and named by you the said Admiral judges and officers in the form and manner you think best provided they are selected from among the oldest inhabitants of the communities in which they are to serve and we command that they shall be given and assigned some Indians in encomienda in addition to those given them for their responsibility and work in the use and exercise of the said office and these Indians shall be chosen by you the said Admiral judges and officers and it is our XXXI Also we order and command that the said visitors shall be obliged twice a year to inspect all the places where there are Indians of their charge once at the beginning of the year and again at the middle and we command that one of them alone shall not make the inspection both times but each one once so that each may know what the other is doing and so that everything may be done with the necessary care and diligence XXXII Also we order and command that no visitor shall bring to his house or estate any lost or runaway Indians he finds in the estates or elsewhere but that immediately upon finding them he shall deposit them with a person of good conscience whom he shall select but first he shall endeavor to discover who their master is and when he has done so he shall deliver the Indians to him at once otherwise they shall be deposited as prescribed until the said master is found on pain that the visitor who is discovered with an Indian in his possession XXXIII Also we order and command that the said visitors shall be obliged to have and keep in their possession a copy of these our ordinances signed by the said Admiral judges and officers together with the instructions that we command you the said Admiral judges and officers to give them by which they may the better know what they must do observe and obey and upon the visitor who fails to obey the aforesaid penalties shall be executed XXXIV Also we order and command that you the said Admiral judges and officers shall inquire once every two years into the way in which the said visitors are fulfilling their duties and you shall have their residencias appraisals of performance in office taken in which it shall be ascertained how they have enforced these ordinances each according to his obligation And we command that the said visitors shall be obliged at the time of their residencias to give you the said Admiral judges and officers a very complete accounting of all the Indians and their number each reporting for the XXXV Also we order and command that no inhabitant or resident of the said communities of the said Island of Española or of any other island shall have in encomienda by grant or otherwise more than a hundred and fifty Indians or fewer than forty Therefore I command you our said Admirai judges and officers and each and every one of you present and future and all other persons whatsoever to whom the contents of these ordinances may apply to consider the ordinances incorporated above and those others mentioned and to observe and obey them and to have them observed and obeyed and executed completely each according to its contents and you shall execute and cause to be executed the penalties upon such as incur them and also you shall observe and obey the said ordinances yourselves according to the manner and form prescribed therein Also so that this my letter may be brought to the attention of all and that none may plead ignorance of it I command that it be read in the squares and markets and other customary places of the said Island of Española by the public crier in the presence of a notary and witnesses none of whom shall disobey it in any way on pain of my displeasure and 50000 maravedís for my treasury 272 maravedís 1 peso 1 ounce of silver to be levied against each offender Moreover I command him who shows them this my letter to Done in this City of Burgos December 27 1512 I THE KING I LOPE CONCHILLOS Secretary to the Queen our Mistress THE BISHOP OF PALENCIACount of Pernia Amendments Doña Juana by the Grace of God Queen of Castile León Granada Toledo Galicia Sevilla Córdoba Murcia Jaén the Algarbes Algeciras Gibraltar the Canary Islands and the Indies Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea Princess of Aragón the Two Sicilies and Jerusalem Archduchess of Austria Duchess of Austria Burgundy and Brabant Countess of Flanders and Tyrol Lady of Biscay Molina etc To you the Alcalde Mayor and constables of the Island of San Juan which is in the Indies of the Ocean Sea and to our officers of the said Island and to all other justices and officers of it whatsoever present and future and to the town councils justices regidores knights squires officers and citizens of the said Island its town and villages and to any other persons whatsoever to whom what is contained in this my letter may apply in any way and to each every one of the Know that the King my Lord and Father and I seeing how necessary it was for the service of God Our Lord and ours and for the salvation of souls and the increase and good treatment of the Indians of the said Island as well as for its citizens consulted prelates and religious and certain members of our Council which we convened for the purpose after which we commanded that certain ordinances be drawn up by which the said Indians were to be indoctrinated and taught and brought to the knowledge of our Holy Catholic Faith and by which the Thereupon the King my Lord and Father and I were informed that although the said ordinances were very useful profitable and necessary as well as fitting it was said that some of them had need of further elucidation and modification Therefore since it has always been our intent desire and will to have greater regard for the salvation of souls and the indoctrination and good treatment of the said Indians than for any other consideration we commanded several prelates and religious of the Order of St Dominic and several members of our Council and preachers and learned men of good I First we order and command that Indian women married to Indian men who have been given in encomienda shall not be forced to go and come and serve with their husbands at the mines or elsewhere unless it is by their own free will or unless their husbands wish to take them but the said wives shall be obliged to work on their own land or on that of their husbands or on the lands of the Spaniards who shall pay them the wages agreed upon with them or with the husbands but if the said wives should be pregnant II Also we order and command that Indian children under fourteen years of age shall not be compelled to work at adults tasks until they have attained the said age or more but they shall be compelled to work at and serve in tasks proper to children such as weeding the fields and the like on their parents estates if they have parents and those above the age of fourteen shall be under the authority of their parents until they are of age and married Those who have neither father nor mother we command shall be given in encomienda by the III Also we order and command that umarried Indian women who are under the authority of their parents mothers or fathers shall work with them on their lands or on the lands of others by agreement with their parents and those not under the authority of their fathers and mothers shall to prevent their becoming vagabonds and bad women and to keep them from vice and teach them the Christian doctrine be constrained to be with the other women and work on their estates if they have such otherwise they shall work on the estates of the Indians and others who IV

O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Les Brown You dont get in life what you want You get what you are Les Brown What we do and what we accomplish in life is only the tip of the iceberg of whats possible for us So I want you to think about some goals that youd like to achieve and Id like for you to lets say break them up in three categories Number one Id like to think about some personal goal youd like to achieve And Id like for you to think about some career goal some business goal that youd like to achieve And why dont you think about some social contribution Some impact youd like to make with your life It was Horace Mann who said We should be ashamed to die until weve made some major contribution to humankind I believe we live in the greatest country in the world that gives us an opportunity to leave our mark to make a statement with our lives And as you think about these goals whatever those goals are I want you to dramatically increase those goals and I wanna warn you I dont want you to think about how youre going to do it How is none of your business The most important thing is just to increase those goals dramatically I found that most people fail in life not because they aim too high and miss Most people fail in life because they aim too low and hit And many dont aim at all Les Brown You wanna become a risktaker You wanna raise the bar on yourself Most people wont do that See most people engage in lowlife living lowrisk living This God said If youre not willing to risk you can not grow And if you can not grow you can not become your best And if you can not become your best you cant be happy And if you cant be happy then what else is there Les Brown You can not be wimpy out there on the dreamseeking trail Dare to break through barriers to find your own path Les Brown Shoot for the moon Even if you miss youll land among the stars Les Brown Someones sitting in the shade today because someone planted a tree a long time ago Les Brown Forgive yourself for your faults and your mistakes and move on Les Brown The only limits to the possibilities in your life tomorrow are the buts you use today Les Brown Just because fate doesnt deal you the right cards it doesnt mean you should give up It just means you have to play the cards you get to their maximum potential Les Brown Someones opinion of you does not have to become your reality Les Brown I advise you to say your dream is possible and then overcome all inconveniences ignore all the hassles and take a running leap through the hoop even if it is in flames Les Brown Get your ideas on paper and study them Do not let them go to waste Les Brown Perfection does not exist you can always do better and you can always grow Les Brown I like what Ambrose Redmoon said Courage is not the absence of fear courage is the judgement that what you want is more important than your fear Les Brown If you put yourself in a position where you have to stretch outside your comfort zone then you are forced to expand your consciousness Les Brown You gotta be hungry Les Brown When you want something you have to be willing to pay your dues Les Brown It takes someone with a vision of the possibilities to attain new levels of experience someone with the courage to live his dreams Les Brown Some people would rather get even instead of get ahead Les Brown How do we discover our greatness By upgrading our relationships and by having goals that are beyond our comfort zone Why Because it causes you to reinvent yourself Brian Tracy calls it the danger zone You wanna do something youve never done Les Brown If you view all the things that happen to you both good and bad as opportunities then you operate out of a higher level of consciousness Les Brown If you take responsibility for yourself you will develop a hunger to accomplish your dreams Les Brown There are three ingredients in the good life learning earning and yearning Les Brown Too many of us are not living our dreams because we are living our fears Les Brown If you are carrying strong feelings about something that happened in your past they may hinder your ability to live in the present Les Brown If you put yourself in a position where you have to stretch outside your comfort zone then you are forced to expand your consciousness Les Brown If you dont program yourself life will program you Les Brown Too many of us are not living our dreams because we are living our fears Les Brown Other peoples opinion of you does not have to become your reality Les Brown Character may be manifested in the great moments but it is made in the small ones Les Brown We must look for ways to be an active force in our own lives We must take charge of our own destinies design a life of substance and truly begin to live our dreams Les Brown A friend who is far away is sometimes much nearer than one who is at hand Les Brown Live out of your imagination instead of out of your memory Les Brown Believe that you possess a basic goodness which is the foundation for the greatness you can ultimately achieve Les Brown Change is difficult but often essential to survival Les Brown Your level of belief in yourself will inevitably manifest itself in whatever you do Les Brown You must take action now that will move you towards your goals Develop a sense of urgency in your life Les Brown You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream Les Brown So you gotta look at your dreams and goals and if you have been running into a wall it doesnt mean that you cant get through It means that you need to find someone whos on the other side or find someone who knows someone whos on the other side Les Brown Help others achieve their dreams and you will achieve yours Les Brown There are winners there are losers and there are people who have not yet learned how to win Les Brown You must see your goals clearly and specifically before you can set out for them Hold them in your mind until they become second nature Les Brown When you face your fear most of the time you will discover that it was not really such a big threat after all Les Brown Review your goals twice every day in order to be focused on achieving them Les Brown When life knocks you down try to land on your back Because if you can look up you can get up Let your reason get you back up Les Brown No one rises to low expectations Les Brown Review your goals twice every day in order to be focused on achieving them Les Brown Goals help you channel your energy into action Les Brown I believe that life is a journey often difficult and sometimes incredibly cruel but we are well equipped for it if only we tap into our talents and gifts and allow them to blossom Les Brown The things you want are always possible it is just that the way to get them is not always apparent The only real obstacle in your path to a fulfilling life is you and that can be a considerable obstacle because you carry the baggage of insecurities and past experience Les Brown Your goals are the road maps that guide you and show you what is possible for your life Les Brown You need to make a commitment and once you make it then life will give you some answers Les Brown You can not expect to achieve new goals or move beyond your present circumstances unless you change Les Brown Its important to me that money not be important to me Les Brown You dont have to be great to get started but you have to get started to be great Les Brown Your ability to communicate is an important tool in your pursuit of your goals whether it is with your family your coworkers or your clients and customers Les Brown There will be sleeping enough in the grave Les Brown Anytime you suffer a setback or disappointment put your head down and plow ahead Les Brown Dont let the negativity given to you by the world disempower you Instead give to yourself that which empowers you Les Brown You must take action now that will move you towards your goals Develop a sense of urgency in your life Les Brown You must remain focused on your journey to greatness Les Brown

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I


in Alive Main Cast Military Daniel Salazar English Comments 12 Share Daniel Salazar Season 3 Season 2 Season 1 Personal Details Status Unknown Age Mid 60s Gender Male Actor Rubén Blades Appearances Seasons 1 2 3 First Seen So Close Yet So Far Biography Occupation Soldier of Salvadoran Junta formerly Barber Physical Attributes Ethnicity Salvadoran Hair Greyblack balding Family Miguel Salazar father Griselda Salazar wife Ofelia Salazar daughter If this is the end of the world its already over Daniel Salazar to Madison Fear Season 2 Monster He said that Men do these things not because of evil They do evil things because of fear And at that moment I knew my father is a fool for believing there was a difference Daniel Salazar to Madison Fear Season 1 Not Fade Away Daniel Salazar was a soldier in the ranks of the Salvadoran junta during the Civil War in the 1980s He escaped by fleeing to America as a refugee where he raised a family with his wife and now owns a barbershop He took great pride in his business but kept mostly to himself within the community Some of Daniels regulars had been going to his barbershop Salazars Cuts for years but they barely knew him When people began rising from the dead Salazar reverted to the man he was in El Salvador a man who will do anything to ensure the survival of his family Contents show Biography Background Daniel Salazar was born in El Salvador and actively participated in the Civil War during the 1980s After the war he moved to Los Angeles with his wife where he owns and operates a barber shop They have raised one daughter in America A humble man who keeps to himself and shelters his family Before The Fall Daniel lived quietly in the US owning and running a barbershop until the apocalypse He moved there because of troubles in his original country and did his best to leave all of that behind him He took great pride in his business but remained a very private man people who knew him for years actually knew very little about him The Fall brings out facets to Daniels character that have been long hidden and brought to the surface memories of events he would much rather forget He reverts to the man he once was a man who will do anything to ensure the survival of his family he also starts to become tormented by memories past events and of the people he killed during the Salvadoran Civil War Season 1 Pilot Daniel does not appear in this episode So Close Yet So Far Daniel Salazar is just finishing up with a customer seeing him out of the door and closing up his shop because of the disturbances Hes already pulling the metal shutters down when the Manawas arrive at his door They ask to go in until its over Daniel wants to refuse and tries to but his wife Griselda Salazar his wife tells him in Spanish to let them in and shut the door He doesnt look happy but he does as his wife asks and lets them in and locks up as he does so some young men kick at the shutters the street is chaotic now Travis is agitated and wants to know Is there a back way out Is there roof access so that they can see Daniel wants him to slow down and to stay in the front in the shop and not go in the back which looks to be their home Travis strides through followed by Daniel who tells them firmly to go back into the front Travis is worried it wont be safe there Its all starting to get tense when Ofelia Salazar enters from the back from her room Daniel tells her to go back but she calms things nicely and invites the Manawas to have a seat in the front Things settle down and the power has flickered back on for a short while and then off again Travis comes to the curtain that separates shop from home and thanks Daniel He gets a Thank my wife from Daniel without even a glance in reply Daniel continues to look through some papers The Dog Daniel is forced to abandon his shop and escapes with his family from downtown LA with the Clark Family For the first time we see just how prepared Daniel is to do what he sees as necessary Main Article Daniel SalazarSeason 1The Dog Not Fade Away Main Article Daniel SalazarSeason 1Not Fade Away Cobalt We learn more about Daniel the type of man he is and the truth of his part in the civil war of the 80s Main Article Daniel SalazarSeason 1Cobalt The Good Man Daniel plays a central role in the attempted rescue of Griselda Salazar Nicholas Clark and Liza Ortiz from the Hospital His actions are directly responsible for the fall of the base to The Dead Main Article Daniel SalazarSeason 1The Good Man Season 2 Monster We All Fall Down Blood in the Streets Captive In a cabin on The Abigail Daniel treats the wound that Reed sustained from the crowbar He causes Reed a good deal of pain Reed tells Daniel that his brother Connor has a dozen men and five boats and will come looking for him Daniels pleased with that information leaves Reed tied up in a chair being watched over by Chris In the wheelhouse where Strand is recovering Daniel tells Madison that they can use Reeds relationship to Connor as leverage over Connor They locate Connors base by scanning the radar for a cluster of five boats Madison steers the Abigail north In Spanish Luis tells Strand someone is waiting for them and they need to go but Strand says he would understand Luis counters that he only has enough money for two people to cross the border Everything is a negotiation replies Strand as Daniel listens in Daniel advises Madison to let Nick and Chris help fight Connors group and urges her to stop treating them like children Madison ignores his advice Strand spots a cluster of five boats docked along the shore and tells Daniel that theyve arrived at Connors base Daniel stabs a reanimated Reed and pins him to a wall leaving him struggling there He realises that a zombified Reed can be exchanged for Travis and Alicia Daniel places a hood over Reeds head and hears a mans voice Take the gun Daniel but the room is empty It repeats several times Daniel and Ofelia escort Reed out of the room Daniel puts zombified Reed aboard the zodiac with Madison Sicut Cervus At sea The Abigail approaches a Mexican flotilla that is guarding the border In The Wheelhouse Luis prepares to meet with his military contact on the flotilla guarding the Mexican border and pay for their passage Strand sees military officers approaching in a boat Concerned that a second officer is coming as well as Luis contact he orders Madison to hide everyone below decks From the engine room Madisons group that is everyone aboard except Strand and Luis listen to the conversation between Strand Luis and two military officers Daniel translating for the group Gunfire erupts after the officers insist on searching the boat to make sure no Infected are aboard When the lights go up and the engines start again Madisons group charge upstairs A mortally wounded Luis lies next to two dead officers The Flotilla start to fire on them the group take cover and Strand powers The Abigail away Daniel stabs the officers in the head to prevent them from turning Luis begs Daniel not to do the same to him Daniel says he has no choice and prepares to do so anyway but is stopped by Nick and Ofelia Luis gives Ofelia a medallion with an owls face and asks her to give it to his mother In temper at being stopped from killing Luis Daniel flings the medallion into the ocean Nick stays with Luis as he dies listening to him Strand steers the Abigail toward the Mexican coastline as they near the coast the flotilla stop firing on them abandoning the two officers who boarded The Abigail Strand says this is because the flotilla think that whatever is on land will kill them anyway On land Strand leads the group inland they find a pile of dead bodies in front of a church the bodies are being eaten by a dog Strand spots Thomass truck and calls Thomass name he runs around in panic looking for Thomas and calling out for him The group fight off a herd of infected parishioners who arrive because of the noise Daniel grabs a young infected boy and is paralyzed by the memory of clutching a young boy by the neck on an earlier occasion Ofelia puts the zombified boy down for her father Strand drives them to the Abigail familys gated estate where the gate opens automatically as the car approaches Inside the gate people are calmly working in the vineyard and near the main house Celia Luis mother greets them Strand tells her that Luis is dead Hes one of them now Strand says Then hell find his way back she replies on hearing of the death of her son she is upset but not grief stricken Sofia a member of the household asks the group to hand over their weapons Everyone complies Daniel somewhat reluctantly but he does eventually hand over his knife and then his hand gun Daniel looks at photos of the dead posted at an outdoor shrine He notices an owl carved into a tree trunk above them Its similar to Luis medallion Celia puts a photo of Luis on the shrine with the others already there and explains that Luis death does not faze her because he was not shot in the head Ofelia summons Daniel to dinner and finds him sitting on his bed in a daze he tells here to leave him alone Daniel takes a nighttime stroll and sees a young boy Juan place a dog down a chute that leads to the wine cellar Daniel follows Juan to the wine cellar where Juan explains that hes talking to his mother Daniel enters the cellar and sees a cell full of Infected Daniel confronts Celia about the Infected She explains that they are all family members of people who work on the estate As she prepares two communion wafers Daniel realizes that she killed the parishioners with poisoned wafers she corrects him by saying They were killed by you then urges him to make peace with his dead Shiva Daniel set light to the cellar at the Abigail Vineyard his fate isnt seen but with a interview with Dave Erickson it was confirmed that Daniel is alive His fate is left unknown though until we get to see him in Season 3 of Fear The Walking Dead Appearances Season 1 appearances Pilot So Close Yet So Far The Dog Not Fade Away Cobalt The Good Man Season 2 appearances Monster We All Fall Down Ouroboros Blood in the Streets Captive Sicut Cervus Shiva Grotesque Los Muertos Do Not Disturb Pablo Jessica Pillar of Salt Date of Death Wrath North Quote Weve said publicly that he didnt die in the fire And I think what was always important is that the characters specifically Ofelia thought they had lost him I think his return is long overdue and I can promise that Daniel Salazar will rise again over the course of the season Dave Erickson Image gallery Daniel closes the shutters on his shop as the riot starts The Manawas meet Daniel for the first time they ask to come in Daniels old profile picture here Daniel in his shop with Chris behind him A shot from the trailer Daniel and his wife Griselda Griselda by the curtain that separates the shop from their living area at Salazars Cuts Daniel is half hidden by the curtain The official character portrait A cast portrait showing all of the main members of the cast Confirmation of Daniels death Add a photo to this gallery Trivia Dante Esquivel states that Salazar sombra negra was trained by the CIA In the 1980s Latin America includes Central and South America was in the grip of dictatorships and rebellion The United States had a program called The School of the Americas which trained indigenous military personnel to counter the Communist insurgency The two steps before torture are the threat of torture and showing the instruments References Season 3 Season 2 Season 1 Add a photo to this gallery Navigation Season 3 Season 2 Season 1 Add a photo to this gallery Cite error ref tags exist but no references tag was found Categories Alive Main Cast Military Characters Madisons Group Configure Reference Popups Languages Recent Wiki Activity Travis Manawa Marcusgan11 12 hours ago LAPD Kavinsky99 16 hours ago Daniel Sharman A FANDOM user 6 days ago Madison Clark A FANDOM user 9 days ago Help us grow Fear the 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O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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Posted on January 16 2013 by Brooks Mendell comments 2 in Forest Finance Economics Timberlands Forest Finance What Does a Negative or Zero NPV Say About My Potential Timberland Investment Attention shoppers An NPV of zero does not necessarily indicate bad investment Previously we discussed applications and limitations of using cashoncash COCR return as a metric for analyzing forestry and timber investments as well as questions related to internal rate of return IRR and return on investment ROI This generated a question from readers related to net present value NPV Should a negative NPV automatically kill a potential forestry investment Short answer NO Lets discuss NPV is the present value of future revenues minus the present value of future costs It is a measure of wealth creation relative to the discount rate So a negative or zero NPV does not indicate no value Rather a zero NPV means that the investment earns a rate of return equal to the discount rate If you discount the cash flows using a 6 real rate and produce a 0 NPV then the analysis indicates your investment would earn a 6 real rate of return Additionally a negative NPV means that the present value of the costs exceeds the present value of the revenues at the assumed discount rate Any investment will produce a negative NPV if the applied discount rate is high enough So it makes sense to double check the estimated costs to look for opportunities to economize to review the sources of revenue to seek potential enhancements and to revisit the assumed discount rate Click here to register for Applied Forest Finance on February 7 th in Atlanta The course details skills and common errors associated with the financial and risk analysis of timberland and other forestryrelated investments Tags forest finance NPV timberland investments Comments 2 Forest Kellogg January 2 2018 at 337 pm Brooks Question related to the above Zero NPV blog If you are trying to work out IRR and you finally get down to zero rate and still have negative numbers I think this means that IF your inputs are correct you will lose money on that particular tract although there could be other reasons for buying it Is that correct Brooks Mendell January 5 2018 at 1149 am Forest thank you for the question and clarifying example Yes you are exactly right At the end of the day its a cash flow story So if the outflow exceeds the inflow then we are beyond the reach and salvation from a rock bottom discount rate and the NPV will remain negative Back to blog Categories Forest Finance Economics Forest Operations Forest Strategy Forest Technology Forisk Hardwood Pulp Paper Risk Management Softwood Lumber Structural Panels Stumpage Forecasting Timber Market Analysis Timber REITs Timberlands Wood Bioenergy Wood Demand Procurement Subscribe Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email Join 745 other subscribers Archives 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010

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Raymarine forum Raymarine Forums Multifunction Displays Axiom MFD vs an aceeSgSSeries MFD which should I purchase Thread Rating 1 2 3 4 5 Threaded Mode Linear Mode Axiom MFD vs an aceeSgSSeries MFD which should I purchase 061417 1040 AM Post 1 Chuck Raymarine Moderator Administrator Posts 9580 Joined Oct 2014 Reputation 26 Axiom MFD vs an aceeSgSSeries MFD which should I purchase Axiom MFD vs an aceeSgSSeries MFD which should I purchase Axiom MFDs are Raymarines latest generation of MFDs and the comparison to aSeries MFDs is commonly made as both Axiom MFDs and aSeries MFDs feature touchscreenonly user interfaces and are priced competitively with other manufacturers entry level MFDs The decision to purchase an Axiom MFD instead of an aceeSgSSeries MFD would typically be based on a number of subjective criteria including the following features features features Raymarine posts the latest versions of its operations manuals here to permit customers to review and assess all of the features currently supported by its products prior to making a purchase While it is expected that the software feature set of the Axiom MFDs will eventually equal or exceed those of the MFDs running LightHouse II software the Axiom Advanced Operation Instructions may be accessed via the link provided above will identify the features supported by Axiom MFDs today Should a specific features be critical and needed immediately then it would be recommended that one ensure that the MFD being considered presently supports that features requirement for buttonkey interface and whether the boats layout would support installation of a RMK910 Remote Keyboard Buttonkey interfaces are commonly required by those who will be operating a MFD while under exposure to very wet conditions which may prevent a MFDs touchscreen from functioning Should the vessel regularly be operated under such conditions and should the installation location not support installation of a RMK910 then it would be recommended that a MFD having a hybridtouch user interface ex eSSeries eSeries etc be considered support for currently installed marine electronics support for integration with future Raymarine products cost future serviceability Raymarine has a product support goal of being able to supply parts and service for approximately five years after production of a product has been discontinued Accordingly one would reasonably expect that a product which has recently been introduced may be supported further into the future than a product which was introduced several years ago RAYFAQ View a Printable Version Send this Thread to a Friend Subscribe to this thread Forum Jump Users browsing this thread 1 Guests

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World of Tanks official forum Game Discussion Newcomers Forum 1 Which NationTech Tree is the best according to your experience Started by YourSlayer May 20 2013 2256 Page 1 of 2 1 2 This topic is locked 39 replies to this topic YourSlayer 1 Posted May 20 2013 2256 Corporal Players 37584 battles 38 Member since 05042013 Right now Im playing with the Americans but they kill me too often and took forever to reach tier 4 and is taking forever to reach tier 5 which are the strongest tanks Ive battled against to until now Right now Im in tier 4 and using the M5 Stuart but I get killed too often and I dont penetrate too many heavy tanks Can you give me some advice about how to improve that and which nation has the best tech tree icoleman 2 Posted May 20 2013 2300 Major Players 5903 battles 6994 ARMDA Member since 01312012 I have no final tiers but The German lines and the Chinese light lines are my best this far 101steagle 3 Posted May 20 2013 2302 Captain Players 28348 battles 1524 DIG Member since 03312012 well ur going light tank go med or heavy cause light tanks are generally not noob friendly maverick001 4 Posted May 20 2013 2303 Sergeant Players 16668 battles 173 Member since 05012013 YourSlayer on May 20 2013 2256 said Right now Im playing with the Americans but they kill me too often and took forever to reach tier 4 and is taking forever to reach tier 5 which are the strongest tanks Ive battled against to until now Right now Im in tier 4 and using the M5 Stuart but I get killed too often and I dont penetrate too many heavy tanks Can you give me some advice about how to improve that and which nation has the best tech tree wait till you put the howitzer on that tank you will see tier VIII tanks M5 is a scout speed is your best friend run dodge fire at tracks not hulls light up the map for arty heavys Ownedbyme22 5 Posted May 20 2013 2303 Sergeant Players 9194 battles 236 LHN Member since 08062012 Every nation has its perks For example the US tank line has amazing gun depression That is something almost no other tanks in the game have and it gives you a great advantage if you use it right All of the lines are equally hard to progress through If you are doing bad with that line then it might not be your play style If you want a good survival ratio and reliable pendamage then I would suggest going down a TD line I would recommend the Russian one because of the firepower General_Walton_H_Walker 6 Posted May 20 2013 2306 Major Players 16509 battles 4161 Member since 01112013 there is no best nation otherwise everyone would only be driving tanks from that tree You just have to find what fits your play style I find that even with crappy gun depression the Chinese medlight line can be very forgiving and extremely rewarding holdmecloserTonyDanza 7 Posted May 20 2013 2308 Major Players 64474 battles 6846 HSOLO Member since 08212011 For me its always been German shocking I know But recently Ive fallen in love with the Russian tree again Theline leading to the t62a is really a strong one from start to finish But the new Leos have brought the swag back to the German meds Im going bipolar just typing this Xenox332 8 Posted May 20 2013 2308 Corporal Players 2314 battles 42 Member since 06302012 every nation is different but before you focus on a nation your first problem is your type of tank you are going light tank these generally are fast with ok but not great firepower and little armor if you dont want to be a scout i recommend you change and become either a medium or heavy as these are easier to pick up and will allow you a better learning experience as for nation each one is different study the types of tanks and see what one matches your playstyle JJ11 9 Posted May 20 2013 2316 Sergeant Players 42663 battles 174 Member since 07252011 in general the ussr france and usa are strong nations but every nations has it perks try them out but for on some nations you need to get up to mid level before you get to their true style i would go up to tier 7 on 1 line on every tree before deciding to go further or you can just wait for a week or two for a test server to come out and try them all out ironcladtanker 10 Posted May 20 2013 2321 Captain Players 6138 battles 1389 THK Member since 01062012 Well the M3 Stuart is a light tankso you will need to expect the easy possibility of dying Remember that you cant judge a nations tanks on your limited experience from lower tiers In my case Ive been sticking pretty close with the German heavies in the past year and am having the time of my life with thembut that doesnt mean that the German tanks are the best tanks So this is just from my experience critisizm is strongly encouraged by other high experienced players America pro great guns in terms of accuracy and damage excellent turret armor good speed pretty mechanically reliable con generally sosopoor hull armor Germany pro excellent guns in terms of accuracy and damage generally insane armor nice pools of hit points con sluggish speed mechanical unreliability ease of receiving critical hits prone to engine damage USSR pro guns have insane damage values armor is weak but insanely sloped ridiculous speed con long reload time armor can be penned easily if you dont use the speed to your advantage France pro clipfed guns with excellent damage and accuracy insane speed con zero armor well its so thin that its hard to survive throughout a battle United Kingdom pro famous English guns accurate wgreat damage fair speed con armor can be soso extreme mechanical unreliability China compares pretty much the same to that of which nation the tank originated from pro nice guns in terms of damage con hardly any gun depression Bear in mind that these are entirely based off of my opinion and are comparing the hightiered tanks For a more detailed and accurate comparison read this httpwikiworldoftankscomUSA httpwikiworldoftankscomGermany httpwikiworldoftankscomUSSR httpwikiworldoftankscomFrance httpwikiworldoftankscomUK httpwikiworldoftankscomChina Best of luck if there would be anything Id recommend to you would be not to focus on the gameplay of the lower tiered tanks pick a tier ten and stick with that line Best of luck to you ironclad HOTA_CHATON 11 Posted May 20 2013 2329 Major Players 12650 battles 13692 GOLB Member since 09282011 YourSlayer on May 20 2013 2256 said Right now Im playing with the Americans but they kill me too often and took forever to reach tier 4 and is taking forever to reach tier 5 which are the strongest tanks Ive battled against to until now Right now Im in tier 4 and using the M5 Stuart but I get killed too often and I dont penetrate too many heavy tanks Can you give me some advice about how to improve that and which nation has the best tech tree ATM I am doing best with the British TD line I have made it to the AT2 but could be on the AT8 but choose not to Having a blast for the most part and running about 55 to 58 win rate with it underkill42 12 Posted May 20 2013 2333 Corporal Players 8269 battles 20 Member since 11072012 Arty German TD German Medium America Heavy Russian Light Russian SargentOddBall 13 Posted May 20 2013 2341 Major Players 9974 battles 4070 Member since 03262011 underkill42 on May 20 2013 2333 said Arty German TD German Medium America Heavy Russian Light Russian Dont agree with this Heres why Each nation has its own unique play styles You should have gone into more detail like how british TDs from tier 5 and up and insane armor or how US heavies have autoloaders ironcladtanker 14 Posted May 20 2013 2344 Captain Players 6138 battles 1389 THK Member since 01062012 SargentOddBall on May 20 2013 2341 said Dont agree with this Heres why Each nation has its own unique play styles You should have gone into more detail like how british TDs from tier 5 and up and insane armor or how US heavies have autoloaders Yes this is why the Wikipedia articles are helpful click on each nation in the page httpwikiworldoftankscomMain_Page SargentOddBall 15 Posted May 20 2013 2354 Major Players 9974 battles 4070 Member since 03262011 ironcladtanker on May 20 2013 2344 said Yes this is why the Wikipedia articles are helpful click on each nation in the page httpwikiworldoftankscomMain_Page Why are you sending me to the Wiki kitkit195 16 Posted May 20 2013 2359 Staff sergeant Players 6327 battles 334 Member since 03252012 YourSlayer on May 20 2013 2256 said Right now Im playing with the Americans but they kill me too often and took forever to reach tier 4 and is taking forever to reach tier 5 which are the strongest tanks Ive battled against to until now Right now Im in tier 4 and using the M5 Stuart but I get killed too often and I dont penetrate too many heavy tanks Can you give me some advice about how to improve that and which nation has the best tech tree The russian IS7 line and the german arty and american TD lines are in my opinion the best i have up to KV3 on IS4 line and up to IS8 on IS7 line so yea i have up to hummel in german arty and up to T252 in american TD JLK_250 17 Posted May 21 2013 0005 Major Players 23925 battles 2031 GMONK Member since 10022011 OP you are going up a line that has designated scout matchmaking for some of the tanks including the M5 Stuart It is not at all beginnerfriendly and is not representative of US tanks in general It leads to the T57 heavy which is currently one of the best tier 10 heavies in the game but you go through a bunch of tanks that are quite different on the way The line leading to the T110E5 is much more typical and does not have any scouts in the line It does have the muchmaligned M3 Lee but the rest of RussianDominator 18 Posted May 21 2013 0006 Sergeant Players 5068 battles 205 Member since 04302011 I personally would go a medium american tank likes the sherman or a russian heavy tank like the kv1 In the sherman you got speed accuracy and decent gun power The kv1 for its amor hit points gun power and abilty to riochet shells That is my opinoin Zakume 19 Posted May 21 2013 0117 Major WGLNA Gold League Player 31238 battles 4512 Member since 09192010 YourSlayer on May 20 2013 2256 said Which NationTech Tree is the best according to your experience American right now Shatara422 20 Posted May 21 2013 0124 First lieutenant Players 9724 battles 537 Member since 07182011 When I started out it was generally thought that US was hard mode Russia was easy mode and Germany was somewhere in between These days most of the RUSSHIN BIAS tanks seem to have lost their teeth German tanks are ungainly steel boxes and America is best tank Maybe Im just spoiled by the superior comfort Page 1 of 2 1 2 Back to Newcomers Forum 1 users are reading this topic 0 members 1 guests 0 anonymous users World of Tanks official forum Game Discussion Newcomers Forum

O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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GENERAL

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Technical

Rocket

engine

parts

interchange

Sign

in

to

follow

this

Followers

Rocket

engine

parts

interchange

By

December

in

Technical

oldsmobile

rocket

Rusty

Olds

Series

Members

posts

Report

post

Posted

December

If

this

has

already

been

answered

please

direct

me

to

the

right

place

The

searches

I

have

run

did

not

locate

answers

Its

posted

on

the

Classic

Olds

forums

too

I

have

a

choked

up

that

is

said

to

be

virtually

the

same

block

as

a

and

The

stick

shift

drivetrain

is

supposedly

borrowed

from

Cadillac

and

unique

to

How

much

oversize

is

it

safe

to

bore

out

a

What

are

issues

to

retrofit

or

heads

and

carb

setups

or

is

it

even

feasible

Some

say

its

a

dropin

others

say

bolt

patterns

etc

are

different

Many

thanks

in

advance

message

Senior

Member

Members

posts

Report

post

Posted

December

You

need

to

find

an

Olds

expert

for

this

But

the

Olds

motors

were

among

the

most

rugged

ever

built

In

the

old

days

hot

rodders

used

to

bore

the

blocks

oversize

that

is

You

dont

need

to

worry

about

hitting

water

in

any

normal

rebuild

The

to

was

one

family

the

another

and

the

another

In

they

came

out

with

a

brand

new

engine

that

had

nothing

in

common

with

the

old

one

except

a

few

dimensions

It

was

common

to

bore

a

to

take

pistons

use

heads

manifolds

etc

for

a

mild

hop

up

It

was

also

possible

to

bolt

a

newer

more

powerful

engine

into

the

light

weight

body

I

have

a

vague

recollection

that

the

early

models

like

yours

had

the

bellhousing

cast

into

the

back

of

the

block

and

this

was

changed

at

some

point

but

dont

recall

the

details

The

Olds

Rocket

was

one

of

the

most

popular

in

the

early

days

of

hot

rodding

before

the

Chev

came

along

Speed

equipment

for

this

engine

is

still

easy

to

find

Im

sure

if

you

do

a

web

search

you

will

find

plenty

of

info

Suffice

to

say

a

Olds

with

stick

shift

and

a

mild

hop

up

would

be

one

of

the

coolest

cars

around

and

not

very

difficult

to

pull

off

Senior

Member

Members

posts

Report

post

Posted

December

One

detail

that

can

trip

you

up

The

stick

shift

crankshafts

are

drilled

to

take

a

bushing

for

the

transmission

shaft

some

auto

trans

crankshafts

omit

this

detail

But

some

auto

trans

engines

have

the

bushing

Its

not

too

hard

to

machine

the

crank

while

it

is

out

of

the

engine

if

you

remember

to

check

it

Senior

Member

Members

posts

Report

post

Posted

December

edited

If

this

has

already

been

answered

please

direct

me

to

the

right

place

The

searches

I

have

run

did

not

locate

answers

Its

posted

on

the

Classic

Olds

forums

too

I

have

a

choked

up

that

is

said

to

be

virtually

the

same

block

as

a

and

The

stick

shift

drivetrain

is

supposedly

borrowed

from

Cadillac

and

unique

to

How

much

oversize

is

it

safe

to

bore

out

a

What

are

issues

to

retrofit

or

heads

and

carb

setups

or

is

it

even

feasible

Some

say

its

a

dropin

others

say

bolt

patterns

etc

are

different

Many

thanks

in

advance

message

The

basic

block

design

of

the

Olds

engine

from

is

basically

the

same

but

that

is

just

about

where

interchanging

anything

begins

and

ends

as

there

were

changes

made

about

every

two

years

along

the

way

I

can

say

for

certain

and

heads

do

not

fit

as

a

drop

in

without

machining

the

push

rod

openings

and

there

may

be

other

issues

which

means

the

intakes

from

the

later

engines

will

likely

not

fit

a

either

As

for

boring

out

a

can

probably

be

safely

bored

over

but

why

These

days

finding

seriously

over

size

pistons

and

rings

could

be

a

considerable

challenge

There

are

plenty

of

and

engines

around

with

intakes

for

less

than

what

it

would

cost

to

bore

out

a

for

any

reason

There

are

also

plenty

of

trannys

around

that

will

bolt

right

up

to

a

or

Jim

Edited

December

by

see

edit

history

Rusty

Olds

Series

Members

posts

Report

post

Posted

December

Thanks

for

the

feedback

The

engines

made

for

Hydramatics

have

an

H

suffix

that

my

does

not

have

The

tranny

supposedly

has

been

bolted

up

to

a

in

the

past

BTW

Costco

was

selling

a

DVD

of

stock

car

racers

and

the

cover

had

I

believe

Richard

Petty

in

a

Olds

Senior

Member

Members

posts

Report

post

Posted

December

Why

does

this

look

awfully

familiar

to

me

This

is

a

rocket

fresh

out

of

a

oldsmobile

that

had

a

manual

transmssion

The

car

has

sat

for

a

long

time

but

the

engine

turns

over

just

fine

The

number

on

back

of

block

is

I

am

listing

the

cadillac

lasalle

trans

in

a

seperate

auction

From

what

I

found

was

a

one

year

only

where

oldsmobile

used

a

cadillaclasalle

side

shift

manual

trans

Please

do

your

own

research

and

check

out

other

auction

if

interested

Engine

will

be

pick

up

only

unless

you

make

all

arangements

for

shipping

Feel

free

to

call

with

any

Rusty

Olds

Series

Members

posts

Report

post

Posted

December

They

are

probably

not

the

same

I

have

had

the

items

since

August

and

they

were

never

mated

The

seller

was

planning

to

convert

a

Hydramatic

car

and

bought

a

completed

hardtop

instead

Thanks

AACA

Member

Members

posts

Location

South

Central

PA

Report

post

Posted

December

Ross

Racing

Engines

Ross

pistons

can

provide

you

with

whatever

knowledgepartsadvice

you

need

re

these

engines

Very

nice

folks

to

talk

to

The

founder

of

Ross

is

very

big

into

early

Olds

engines

Senior

Member

Members

posts

Location

Northern

VA

Report

post

Posted

December

The

basic

block

design

of

the

Olds

engine

from

is

basically

the

same

To

clarify

the

first

gen

Olds

was

built

from

to

The

was

the

last

production

version

of

this

family

The

new

thinwall

family

was

introduced

in

as

the

production

overlapped

for

one

year

In

the

architecture

was

grown

primarily

with

taller

deck

height

to

accommodate

the

longer

stroke

to

the

that

replaced

the

first

gen

in

the

full

size

cars

Wogden

Senior

Member

Members

posts

Report

post

Posted

December

Restorer

is

dead

on

about

Ross

Racing

Engines

They

are

in

Niles

Oh

and

are

the

experts

on

Olds

engines

stock

to

super

modified

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GENERAL

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Technical

Rocket

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O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O