Home IT Leadership Virtualization and Cloud Advisor By Bernard Golden CIO Feb 17 2012 700 AM PT Opinion How to break down the OpEx vs CapEx cloud computing debate Cloud computing is too often reductively branded as an economic calculus that would trade a CapEx model for an OpEx model But its a little more complicated than that Bernard Golden explains what we talk about when we talk about cloud computing Thinkstock The debate about the economic benefits of cloud computing is intense and is commonly boiled down to a talking point labelled OpEx vs CapEx Very often like many talking points the headline conflict is really a stalking horse that conceals the true source of conflict In the case of OpEx vs CapEx what often underlies the discussion is really an indirect coded debate about the future of IT infrastructure and operations groups Will they be operators of assets owned by the larger organization or will they be operators of assets owned by an external provider It doesnt take a genius to understand why being responsible for operating hundreds of millions of dollars of owned assets along with all of the people associated with ownership technical evaluation vendor relationships capacity planning etc is typically seen as more prestigious and important than managing assets from an external provider who takes responsibility for all of those areas An even more nightmarish vision is that infrastructure and operations groups will be cut out of the equation entirely with application groups taking responsibility for dealing with external providers leaving IO with a dwindling responsibility set managing an evereroding installed asset Beware the 9 warning signs of bad IT architecture and see why these 10 oldschool IT principles still rule Sign up for CIO newsletters Consequently it makes sense that there is plenty of emotional energy around the issue of the cost of cloud computing with the OpEx vs CapEx topic commonly designated as the battleground However much of the discussion on these topics fails to comprehend the profound implications of different funding models and how they map against the future of IT applications And let me say up front that in my view all of this discussion is really about identifying the best possible method of running applications because applications are where all the value of IT is created Here are some thoughts about nuances and implications of funding models that the current debate of OpEx vs CapEx fails to capture All things being equal OpEx should be more expensive than CapEx One of the benefits of the OpEx model is that there is no longterm commitment When a user is finished with the resource it is turned back to the provider who holds utilization responsibility that is the provider has to figure out how to obtain sufficient usage of the resource to make it economically workable Looking to upgrade your career in tech This comprehensive online course teaches you how The lack of commitment is financially valuable in that it frees the user from having to make a significant longterm investment In the financial markets options have value and are assigned a price It makes sense that per unit of measurement OpEx resources would be more expensive than CapEx resources One only has to look at rental car pricing to recognize that we pay a premium for shortterm commitment We save money by paying that higher rate for a shorter period of time which ultimately is less expensive than purchasing a car only to use it for a short while Choosing one option over another is a tradeoff The true question therefore is not which option costs more per measurement unit but rather which option is least expensive over the total usage of the resource or more typically over the total usage of all the resources used to operate the application This calculation is much trickier than a unittounit comparison First it requires forecasting total use over some period of time typically a month In other words how many hours will this application be running per month How much storage will it use How much network traffic will be associated with it Second it may have to take into account changing rental rates based on usage tiers A gigabyte of storage that costs a certain rate if total storage used is 10 gigabytes may be less expensive if total storage used is 10 terabytes Third it has to account for variable usage patterns low use for some periods and very high use for others For instance a financial services companys applications are likely to have monthly peaks quarterly peaks and annual peaks not to mention unexpected peaks driven by noncyclical events like say modified laws that change the consumer attractiveness of certain kinds of financial instruments Making this tricky evaluation requires a comparison of TCO where the O stands for operation not ownership For many usage patterns it is likely that the rental model will be more attractive in aggregate use even if it is more expensive per unit of measurement Returning to the rental car example even if a rental car costs more per day than purchasing a vehicle if one uses a car for only five days a month renting could end up being less expensive overall One can say then that the economic evaluation has to be more sophisticated to account for variable use and therefore variable costs that are associated with the asset rental model Naturally the asset ownership model costs the same irrespective of the use pattern whether fulltime or no more than one hour per month Friction affects the OpEx vs CapEx evaluation Of course there are other factors that affect this calculus Renting a car extracts a toll in time walking through the rental process listening to the extra insurance spiel inspecting the rental car and so on If one needs a car eight separate days a month it might be less expensive to rent Then again one might be tempted to purchase to avoid the Groundhog Day like repetitiveness of How are you going to handle insurance for this vehicle Our liability topup service releases you from having to pay a deductible fee In other words the friction of the experience is likely to sway the decision to pursue one option or the other Ronald Coase the Nobel Prizewinning economist characterized the overhead represented by the rental car rigamarole as transaction costs costs associated with an economic transaction that add additional burden to the choice With respect to IT applications there has traditionally been extremely high friction associated with bringing them up and down so much so that its usually easier to get them up and running and then avoid touching them as much as possible For a rental model that set and forget approach is a poor approach from a financial perspective When one really evaluates using assets in a rental model its obvious that one should seek to reduce usage as much as is practical James Staten the wellknown Forrester cloud analyst characterizes this approach as down and off arguing that one should always seek to reduce an applications resources as much as possible so long as its functional and performance requirements are met If there is no usage demand the application should be shut down only to be restarted when usage demand begins anew However the organizational friction involved with resource management is so high that most IT groups when performing an OpEx vs CapEx analysis assume fulltime operation of the highest amount of resource required at application peak load and then use that basis to evaluate the asset rental against and the asset ownership models It simply doesnt make sense to perform the evaluation in any other way In fact most organizations typically fail to even consider other options because its inconceivable that the friction could abate enough to make a different operational model possible The future of OpEx vs CapEx This friction is vastly reduced though in a properly managed cloud environment Tools can be used to automate resource instantiation and termination even to the point where the application itself autonomously manages this process and no manual intervention is required In this kind of environment the transaction cost is so much smaller that down and off is much more viable Overall the reduced operational transaction cost means that application operational models are going to change dramatically over time In turn this means that input assumptions to financial analyses will change as IT organizations begin to reevaluate application resource consumption models Many application designs will move toward a continuous operation of a certain base level of resource with additional resources added and subtracted in response to changing usage The end result will be that the tipping point calculation is likely to shift toward an asset operation model rather than an asset ownership one At the very least it will reduce the presumption that the only financially viable approach is to assume fulltime peak load resource operation and therefore predetermine an asset ownership model by default Named by Wiredcom as one of the 10 most influential people in cloud computing Bernard Golden serves as vice president of strategy for ActiveState Software an independent provider of CloudFoundry Follow NEW Download the Fall 2018 digital issue of CIO What are you doing to accelerate IT agility Learn about the IT model that serves as a catalyst for digital transformation Unlock the potential of your data How well are you harnessing information to improve business outcomes A new CIO Playbook will help dtSearch instantly searches terabytes of files emails databases web data See site for hundreds of reviews enterprise developer evaluations

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Master

of

Science

in

Cybersecurity

Admissions

Deadlines

Requirements

Courses

Minimum

Admissions

Requirements

A

bachelors

degree

or

equivalent

in

computer

science

computer

engineering

information

technology

or

a

similar

field

as

judged

by

the

Graduate

Committee

from

a

regionally

accredited

institution

B

average

on

a

scale

or

better

in

all

coursework

attempted

while

registered

as

an

upperdivision

student

in

the

bachelors

program

For

applicants

whose

native

language

is

not

English

English

proficiency

exam

scores

of

at

least

paperbased

or

internetbased

on

the

TOEFL

or

on

the

IELTS

English

proficiency

exam

exemptions

are

based

on

the

country

in

which

the

applicant

completed

their

undergraduate

degree

not

on

nationality

or

language

of

instruction

See

the

list

of

exempt

countries

here

httpgradschoolfiuedutoeflexemptcountries

Please

note

that

the

MS

in

Cybersecurity

is

a

technical

degree

While

SCIS

welcomes

students

from

all

backgrounds

prerequisite

courses

may

be

required

for

applicants

who

do

not

hold

a

degree

in

the

fields

listed

above

Contact

the

Graduate

Program

Advisor

for

more

information

Required

Documents

Online

graduate

application

application

fee

Official

universitycollege

transcripts

from

all

institutions

previously

attended

mailed

in

a

sealed

institution

envelope

Applicants

who

graduated

from

FIU

do

not

need

to

request

FIU

transcripts

Official

translations

of

universitycollege

transcripts

if

in

a

language

other

than

English

If

applicable

official

TOEFL

or

IELTS

scores

reported

by

the

testing

agency

TOEFL

scores

can

be

sent

to

FIU

using

the

code

IELTS

scores

can

be

verified

directly

by

the

admissions

officer

if

the

applicant

provides

FIU

with

a

copy

of

the

score

report

Official

proof

of

degreediploma

The

student

may

provide

this

upon

arrival

to

FIU

within

one

term

if

admitted

Applicants

who

graduated

from

US

universities

are

typically

only

required

to

submit

the

final

transcripts

as

proof

of

degree

some

exceptions

may

apply

Translation

of

proof

of

degreediploma

if

in

a

language

other

than

English

Supporting

Documents

Recommended

Statement

of

purpose

Three

letters

of

recommendation

Resume

Immigration

Documents

These

forms

are

required

for

international

students

only

See

httpgradschoolfiueduadmissionsadmissionforms

for

more

info

Bank

and

Sponsor

Letter

Declaration

and

Certification

of

Finances

Transfer

Form

if

currently

residing

in

the

US

on

an

visa

Step

One

Apply

Online

All

applications

and

associated

fees

with

the

exception

of

those

for

the

combined

BSMS

program

are

submitted

online

at

httpgradschoolfiueduapply

Through

the

website

applicants

will

have

the

opportunity

to

upload

supporting

documents

such

as

a

statement

of

purpose

resume

residency

documents

for

tuition

purposes

immigration

documents

and

the

like

They

can

also

provide

contact

information

for

recommenders

who

are

then

prompted

to

submit

the

letters

of

recommendation

through

the

online

portal

Once

submitted

Graduate

Admissions

will

promptly

acknowledge

receipt

of

the

application

via

email

and

will

provide

a

Panther

ID

as

well

as

further

instructions

on

how

to

access

the

MyFIU

portal

On

MyFIU

students

can

view

the

status

of

their

application

including

any

missing

documents

Missing

documents

are

listed

under

the

To

Do

List

on

the

top

righthand

corner

of

the

screen

Once

the

applicant

has

been

issued

a

Panther

ID

they

should

include

the

Panther

ID

in

all

communications

to

the

unit

representatives

Graduate

Admissions

International

Student

and

Scholar

Services

and

Student

Health

services

Step

Two

Submit

Official

Documents

Mailing

address

for

regular

US

mail

FIU

Graduate

Admissions

PO

Box

Miami

FL

Mailing

address

for

couriers

typically

used

for

delivering

documents

from

outside

the

United

States

FIU

Graduate

Admissions

SW

St

BT

Miami

FL

FIU

requires

official

documents

even

for

the

initial

review

of

the

applications

Required

official

documents

include

transcripts

proof

of

degree

translations

and

test

scores

if

applicable

Transcripts

must

be

received

in

a

sealed

university

envelope

issued

by

the

academic

institution

from

all

institutions

previously

attended

FIU

conducts

evaluations

of

foreign

transcripts

internally

Any

transcripts

that

have

been

evaluated

by

a

third

party

eg

WES

Josef

Sinly

etc

are

considered

unofficial

by

Graduate

Admissions

and

will

not

fulfil

the

official

transcript

requirement

FIU

will

use

evaluated

documents

for

translation

purposes

only

Official

test

scores

must

be

reported

to

the

School

by

the

testing

agency

The

Schools

code

is

IELTS

scores

may

be

verified

directly

by

the

admissions

officer

if

the

applicant

provides

FIU

with

a

copy

of

the

score

report

Please

note

that

applications

are

not

referred

to

the

unit

for

review

until

official

transcripts

translations

and

test

scores

if

applicable

have

been

received

Uploaded

copies

of

any

of

these

documents

are

considered

unofficial

and

will

not

be

used

in

evaluating

the

application

Once

admitted

international

students

will

also

be

required

to

show

an

official

proof

of

degree

typically

a

diploma

but

can

do

so

upon

their

arrival

to

FIU

Deadlines

This

program

admits

for

the

fall

and

spring

terms

All

international

applicants

must

abide

the

international

applicant

deadline

This

includes

international

applicants

residing

in

the

United

States

andor

international

applicants

who

do

not

require

student

visas

Fall

Spring

Domestic

Applicants

June

October

International

Applicants

February

August

Required

Coursework

credits

CEN

Secure

Application

Programming

CIS

Social

Economic

and

Policy

Aspects

of

Cybersecurity

CIS

Principles

of

Cybersecurity

CNT

Practical

Applied

Security

COT

Formal

Foundations

for

Cybersecurity

Elective

Coursework

credits

Students

should

select

five

of

the

following

courses

Offered

by

the

School

of

Computing

and

Information

Sciences

CAP

Introduction

to

Machine

Learning

CAP

Introduction

to

Natural

Language

Processing

CAP

Introduction

to

Data

Science

CAP

Principles

of

Data

Mining

CAP

Advanced

Topics

in

Data

Mining

CIS

Systems

Security

CIS

Information

Security

and

Privacy

CIS

Advanced

Special

Topics

advisor

approved

sections

only

COT

Introduction

to

Algorithms

TCN

Secure

Telecommunications

Transactions

TCN

Information

Theory

TCN

Networks

Management

and

Control

Standards

TCN

Telecommunications

Public

Policy

Development

and

Standards

Offered

by

Electrical

and

Computer

Engineering

EEL

Smart

Grid

Cyber

Security

and

Intelligent

Electronic

Devices

EEE

Advances

Security

of

Internet

of

Things

and

CyberPhysical

Systems

EEL

Advanced

Ethical

Hacking

EEL

Network

Security

EEL

Advanced

Digital

Forensics

EEL

Advanced

Malware

Reverse

Engineering

EEL

Special

Topics

in

Electrical

and

Computer

Engineering

advisor

approved

sections

only

TCN

Ubiquitous

and

Embedded

Sensor

NetworkCentric

Telecommunications

Offered

by

the

School

of

International

and

Public

Affairs

and

the

College

of

Business

A

maximum

of

six

credits

from

this

list

may

be

applied

to

the

MS

in

Cybersecurity

ISM

Information

Security

and

Compliance

ISM

Information

Security

Management

ISS

National

Security

Essentials

PAD

Homeland

Security

Risk

Assessment

PAD

Homeland

Security

Management

for

State

and

Local

Government

Students

who

are

interested

in

relevant

courses

not

on

the

approved

list

should

submit

the

request

to

the

Graduate

Program

Advisor

with

the

course

details

and

a

strong

justification

these

courses

must

have

significant

security

content

to

be

considered

The

Graduate

Program

Director

has

final

discretion

over

the

inclusion

of

courses

in

the

program

of

study

Students

in

this

program

are

allowed

to

take

up

to

credits

from

the

University

of

South

Floridas

online

MS

in

Cybersecurity

program

with

approval

Students

interested

in

pursuing

coursework

at

USF

should

contact

the

Graduate

Program

Advisor

early

to

learn

what

is

required

Core

Courses

CEN

Secure

Application

Programming

Development

of

applications

that

are

free

from

common

security

vulnerabilities

such

as

buffer

overflow

SQL

injection

and

crosssite

scripting

attacks

Emphasis

is

on

distributed

web

applications

CIS

Social

Economic

and

Policy

Aspects

of

Cybersecurity

The

broader

human

context

of

cybersecurity

from

the

perspective

of

society

economics

and

policy

CIS

Principles

of

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity

algorithms

techniques

Mathematical

foundations

Symmetric

and

public

key

encryption

Authentication

key

infrastructure

certificates

Covert

channels

Access

control

Vulnerabilities

CNT

Practical

Applied

Security

Handson

training

in

practical

installation

and

maintenance

of

secure

systems

including

such

topics

as

security

configuration

DMZs

firewalls

antivirus

software

and

hardware

security

modules

COT

Formal

Foundations

for

Cybersecurity

Formal

models

and

methods

for

achieving

rigorous

security

guarantees

Cryptographic

indistinguishability

properties

reduction

proofs

Formal

analyses

of

security

APIs

Secure

information

flow

Elective

Courses

Offered

by

the

School

of

Computing

and

Information

Sciences

CAP

Introduction

to

Machine

Learning

Decision

trees

Bayesian

learning

reinforcement

learning

as

well

as

theoretical

concepts

such

as

inductive

bias

the

PAC

learning

minimum

description

length

principle

Prerequisite

Graduate

standing

CAP

Introduction

to

Natural

Language

Processing

The

concepts

and

principles

of

computer

processing

of

natural

language

including

linguistic

phenomena

formal

methods

and

applications

Students

will

conduct

an

independent

research

project

CAP

Introduction

to

Data

Science

Foundations

of

databases

analytics

visualization

and

management

of

data

Practical

data

analysis

with

applications

Introduction

to

Python

SQL

R

and

other

specialized

data

analysis

toolkits

Prerequisites

STA

or

equivalent

CAP

Principles

of

Data

Mining

Introduction

to

data

mining

concepts

knowledge

representation

inferring

rules

statistical

modeling

decision

trees

association

rules

classification

rules

clustering

predictive

models

and

instancebased

learning

Prerequisites

COP

and

STA

CAP

Advanced

Topics

in

Data

Mining

Web

stream

data

and

relational

data

mining

graph

mining

spatiotemporal

data

mining

privacypreserving

data

mining

highdimensional

data

clustering

social

network

and

linkage

analysis

CIS

Systems

Security

Risk

Trust

and

Threat

models

Types

of

Attacks

Safe

Programming

Techniques

Operating

System

Mechanisms

Virtual

Machine

Systems

Hardware

Security

Enforces

Application

Security

Personal

Security

CIS

Information

Security

and

Privacy

Information

Security

Planning

Planning

for

Contingencies

Policy

Security

Program

Security

Management

Models

Database

Security

Privacy

Information

Security

Analysis

Protection

Mechanism

CIS

Advanced

Special

Topics

advisor

approved

sections

only

A

course

designed

to

give

groups

of

students

an

opportunity

to

pursue

special

advanced

studies

not

otherwise

offered

COT

Introduction

to

Algorithms

Design

of

efficient

data

structures

and

algorithms

analysis

of

algorithms

and

asymptotic

time

complexity

graph

string

and

geometric

algorithms

NPcompleteness

TCN

Secure

Telecommunications

Transactions

Telecom

and

information

security

issues

such

as

digital

signatures

cryptography

as

applied

to

telecom

transactions

network

policing

nested

authentication

and

improving

system

trust

TCN

Information

Theory

Entropy

and

measure

of

information

Proof

and

interpretation

of

Shannons

fundamental

theorem

for

various

channels

including

noiseless

discrete

timediscrete

and

timecontinuous

channels

TCN

Networks

Management

and

Control

Standards

Protocols

for

management

of

telecom

networks

including

Simple

Network

Management

Protocol

and

Common

Management

Information

Protocol

Extension

of

protocols

to

optimize

network

performance

Prerequisites

TCN

or

equivalent

TCN

Telecommunications

Public

Policy

Development

and

Standards

A

conceptoriented

examination

of

the

domestic

and

international

telecommunications

policy

processes

and

standards

setting

environment

Offered

by

Electrical

and

Computer

Engineering

EEL

Smart

Grid

Cyber

Security

and

Intelligent

Electronic

Devices

Design

simulate

and

solve

smart

grid

cyber

security

issues

Manmade

and

natural

large

scale

disturbances

Smart

grid

cyber

networked

standards

and

new

Intelligent

Electronic

Devices

IED

EEE

Advances

Security

of

Internet

of

Things

and

CyberPhysical

Systems

In

this

projectbased

class

the

students

will

gain

advanced

handson

training

in

the

security

of

InternetofThings

IoT

and

CyberPhysical

Systems

CPS

areas

Prerequisites

Programming

coursework

any

CS

oriented

courses

or

any

embedded

coursework

or

permission

of

the

instructor

EEL

Advanced

Ethical

Hacking

This

will

give

individuals

an

exposure

to

the

latest

hacking

tools

and

techniques

to

understand

the

anatomy

of

computer

attacks

and

teach

them

the

countermeasures

to

protect

their

valuable

data

EEL

Network

Security

Network

Security

Requirements

Number

Theory

Steganography

Encryption

Design

Principles

and

Algorithms

Message

Authentication

and

Digital

Signature

Principle

and

Designs

Network

System

Security

Design

EEL

Advanced

Digital

Forensics

This

course

provides

students

with

the

advanced

skills

to

track

and

counter

a

wide

range

of

sophisticated

threats

including

espionage

hacktivism

financial

crime

syndication

and

APT

groups

EEL

Advanced

Malware

Reverse

Engineering

This

course

provides

the

student

with

the

necessary

tools

and

techniques

to

perform

practical

reverse

engineering

on

suspicious

files

and

firmware

encountered

in

a

range

of

devices

and

understanding

the

implications

associated

with

a

malware

attacks

EEL

Special

Topics

in

Electrical

and

Computer

Engineering

advisor

approved

sections

only

Course

covers

advanced

topics

not

in

existing

graduate

courses

in

electrical

and

computer

engineering

Prerequisite

Permission

of

the

instructor

TCN

Ubiquitous

and

Embedded

Sensor

NetworkCentric

Telecommunications

Techniques

impacting

ubiquitous

embedded

sensor

networkcentric

telecommunications

contextawareness

autonomy

data

quality

uncertainty

privacy

trustworthiness

and

wearable

computing

Offered

by

the

School

of

International

and

Public

Affairs

and

the

College

of

Business

ISM

Information

Security

and

Compliance

Provides

Knowledge

and

skills

needed

to

protect

enterprise

assets

by

mitigating

ISIT

related

security

risks

An

exposure

to

ISIT

securityrelated

Laws

Regulations

and

Compliance

is

also

provided

Corequisite

ISM

ISM

Information

Security

Management

Provides

knowledge

and

skills

needed

to

protect

enterprise

assets

by

mitigating

ISIT

related

security

risks

Includes

application

of

telecommunication

technology

and

concepts

ISS

National

Security

Essentials

An

examination

of

the

US

national

security

structure

current

securityrelated

controversies

and

potential

US

responses

to

security

threats

PAD

Homeland

Security

Risk

Assessment

Provides

the

technical

framework

needed

for

design

implementation

and

evaluation

of

risk

assessments

used

in

local

regional

and

state

Homeland

Security

administration

PAD

Homeland

Security

Management

for

State

and

Local

Government

Provides

a

broad

overview

of

the

legal

technical

financial

and

organizational

environment

in

which

Homeland

Security

initiatives

are

designed

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successfully

implemented

Categories

Accomplishments

Alumni

Community

Course

Highlight

Education

Faculty

Award

Faculty

Highlight

Grants

Scholarships

News

Research

Student

Highlight

B I I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

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Password Recovery Procedure for the Cisco 806 826 827 828 831 836 837 and 881 Series Routers Updated May 4 2014 Document ID 12065 Contents Introduction Prerequisites Requirements Components Used Related Products Conventions StepbyStep Procedure Example of Password Recovery Procedure Related Information Introduction This document describes how to recover the enable password and the enable secret passwords These passwords protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes The enable password password can be recovered but the enable secret password is encrypted and must be replaced with a new password Use the procedure described in this document in order to replace the enable secret password Note Refer to Password Recovery Procedure for the Cisco 801 802 803 804 805 811 and 813 Series Routers in order to recover a password on the Cisco 801 802 803 804 805 811 and 813 Series Routers Prerequisites Requirements There are no specific requirements for this document Components Used The information in this document is based on these hardware versions Cisco 806 Series Router Cisco 826 Series Router Cisco 827 Series Router Cisco 828 Series Router Cisco 831 Series Router Cisco 836 Series Router Cisco 837 Series Router Cisco 881 Series Router The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared default configuration If your network is live make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command Related Products Refer to Password Recovery Procedures for information on how to recover passwords for related products Conventions Refer to Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for information on document conventions StepbyStep Procedure Follow these steps in order to recover your password Attach a terminal or PC with terminal emulation to the console port of the router Use these terminal settings 9600 baud rate No parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit No flow control Refer to these documents for information on how to cable and connect a terminal to the console port or the AUX port Cabling Guide for Console and AUX Ports Connecting a Terminal to the Console Port on Catalyst Switches Connect a Terminal to Catalyst 2948GL3 4908GL3 and 4840G Series Switches If you can access the router type show version at the prompt and record the configuration register setting See Example of Password Recovery Procedure in order to view the output of a show version command Note The configuration register is usually set to 0x2102 or 0x102 If you can no longer access the router because of a lost login or TACACS password you can safely assume that your configuration register is set to 0x2102 Use the power switch in order to turn off the router and then turn the router back on Important Notes In order to simulate this step on a Cisco 6400 pull out and then plug in the Node Route Processor NRP or Node Switch Processor NSP card In order to simulate this step on a Cisco 6x00 with NI2 pull out and then plug in the NI2 card Press Break on the terminal keyboard within 60 seconds of power up in order to put the router into ROMMON If the break sequence does not work refer to Standard Break Key Sequence Combinations During Password Recovery for other key combinations Type confreg 0x2142 at the rommon 1 prompt in order to boot from Flash This step bypasses the startup configuration where the passwords are stored Type reset at the rommon 2 prompt The router reboots but ignores the saved configuration Type no after each setup question or press CtrlC in order to skip the initial setup procedure Type enable at the Router prompt You are in enable mode and should see the Router prompt Type configure memory or copy startupconfig runningconfig in order to copy the nonvolatile RAM NVRAM into memory Important Do not type copy runningconfig startupconfig or write These commands erase your startup configuration Type show runningconfig The show runningconfig command shows the configuration of the router In this configuration the shutdown command appears under all interfaces which indicates all interfaces are currently shut down In addition the passwords enable password enable secret vty console passwords are in either an encrypted or unencrypted format You can reuse unencrypted passwords You must change encrypted passwords to a new password Type configure terminal The hostnameconfig prompt appears Type enable secret password in order to change the enable secret password For example hostnameconfig enable secret cisco Issue the no shutdown command on every interface that you use If you issue a show ip interface brief command every interface that you want to use should display up up Type configregister configuration_register_setting Where configuration_register_setting is either the value you recorded in step 2 or 0x2102 For example hostnameconfig configregister 0x2102 Press Ctrlz or end in order to leave the configuration mode The hostname prompt appears Type write memory or copy runningconfig startupconfig in order to commit the changes Example of Password Recovery Procedure This section provides an example of the password recovery procedure This example was created with a Cisco 2600 Series Router Even if you do not use a Cisco 2600 Series Router this output provides an example of what you should experience on your product Router enable Password Password Password Bad secrets Router show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS tm C2600 Software C2600ISM Version 1207T RELEASE SOFTWARE fc2 Copyright c 19861999 by cisco Systems Inc Compiled Tue 07Dec99 0221 by phanguye Image textbase 0x80008088 database 0x80C524F8 ROM System Bootstrap Version 1132XA4 RELEASE SOFTWARE fc1 Router uptime is 3 minutes System returned to ROM by abort at PC 0x802D0B60 System image file is flashc2600ismz1207T cisco 2611 MPC860 processor revision 0x202 with 26624K6144K bytes of memory Processor board ID JAB031202NK 3878188963 M860 processor part number 0 mask 49 Bridging software X25 software Version 300 Basic Rate ISDN software Version 11 2 EthernetIEEE 8023 interfaces 2 Configuration register is 0x2102 Router The router was just powercycled and during bootup a break sequence was sent to the router System received an abort due to Break Key signal 0x3 code 0x500 context 0x813ac158 PC 0x802d0b60 Vector 0x500 SP 0x80006030 rommon 1 confreg 0x2142 You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect rommon 2 reset System Bootstrap Version 1132XA4 RELEASE SOFTWARE fc1 Copyright c 1999 by cisco Systems Inc TACHomeSWIOSSpecials for info C2600 platform with 32768 Kbytes of main memory program load complete entry point 0x80008000 size 0x6fdb4c Self decompressing the image OK Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR sec 5222719 and subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS sec 2522277013 cisco Systems Inc 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose California 951341706 n Press RETURN to get started 000019 LINK3UPDOWN Interface BRI00 changed state to up 000019 LINK3UPDOWN Interface Ethernet00 changed state to up 000019 LINK3UPDOWN Interface Ethernet01 changed state to up 000019 LINK3UPDOWN Interface Serial00 changed state to down 000019 LINK3UPDOWN Interface Serial01 changed state to down 000020 LINEPROTO5UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface BRI00 changed state to down 000020 LINEPROTO5UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Ethernet00 changed state to up Router 000020 LINEPROTO5UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Ethernet01 changed state to up 000020 LINEPROTO5UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Serial00 changed state to down 000020 LINEPROTO5UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Serial01 changed state to enable Router copy startupconfig runningconfig Destination filename runningconfig 1324 bytes copied in 235 secs 662 bytessec Router 000124 LINEPROTO5UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface BRI001 changed state to down 000124 LINEPROTO5UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface BRI002 changed state to down Router configure terminal Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTLZ Routerconfig enable secret password Routerconfig Z 000154 SYS5CONFIG_I Configured from console by console Router show ip interface brief Interface IPAddress OK Method Status Protocol Ethernet00 102004037 YES TFTP administratively down down Serial00 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down down BRI00 193251121157 YES unset administratively down down BRI001 unassigned YES unset administratively down down BRI002 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Ethernet01 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down down Serial01 unassigned YES TFTP administratively down down Loopback0 193251121157 YES TFTP up up Router configure terminal Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTLZ Routerconfig interface Ethernet00 Routerconfigif no shutdown Routerconfigif 000214 LINK3UPDOWN Interface Ethernet00 changed state to up 000215 LINEPROTO5UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Ethernet00 changed state to up Routerconfigif interface BRI00 Routerconfigif no shutdown Routerconfigif 000226 LINK3UPDOWN Interface BRI001 changed state to down 000226 LINK3UPDOWN Interface BRI002 changed state to down 000226 LINK3UPDOWN Interface BRI00 changed state to up 0002115964116991 ISDN6LAYER2UP Layer 2 for Interface BR00 TEI 68 changed to up Routerconfigif Z Router 000235 SYS5CONFIG_I Configured from console by console Router copy runningconfig startupconfig Destination filename startupconfig Building configuration OK Router show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS tm C2600 Software C2600ISM Version 1207T RELEASE SOFTWARE fc2 Copyright c 19861999 by cisco Systems Inc Compiled Tue 07Dec99 0221 by phanguye Image textbase 0x80008088 database 0x80C524F8 ROM System Bootstrap Version 1132XA4 RELEASE SOFTWARE fc1 Router uptime is 3 minutes System returned to ROM by abort at PC 0x802D0B60 System image file is flashc2600ismz1207T cisco 2611 MPC860 processor revision 0x202 with 26624K6144K bytes of memory Processor board ID JAB031202NK 3878188963 M860 processor part number 0 mask 49 Bridging software X25 software Version 300 Basic Rate ISDN software Version 11 2 EthernetIEEE 8023 interfaces 2 configure terminal Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTLZ Routerconfig configregister 0x2102 RouterconfigZ 000320 SYS5CONFIG_I Configured from console by console Router show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS tm C2600 Software C2600ISM Version 1207T RELEASE SOFTWARE fc2 Copyright c 19861999 by cisco Systems Inc Compiled Tue 07Dec99 0221 by phanguye Image textbase 0x80008088 database 0x80C524F8 ROM System Bootstrap Version 1132XA4 RELEASE SOFTWARE fc1 Router uptime is 3 minutes System returned to ROM by abort at PC 0x802D0B60 System image file is flashc2600ismz1207T cisco 2611 MPC860 processor revision 0x202 with 26624K6144K bytes of memory Processor board ID JAB031202NK 3878188963 M860 processor part number 0 mask 49 Bridging software X25 software Version 300 Basic Rate ISDN software Version 11 2 EthernetIEEE 8023 interfaces 2 0x2102 at next reload Router Was this Document Helpful Yes No Feedback Contact Cisco Open a Support Case Requires a Cisco Service Contract This Document Applies to These Products 800 Series Routers Share

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password recovery procedure
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