Scope Framework Definition of Scope Framework Published under Risk Management By establishing the framework for the management of risks the basic parameters within which risks must be managed are defined Consequently the scope for the rest of the Risk Management process is also set It includes the definition of basic assumptions for the organizations external and internal environment and the overall objectives of the Risk Management process and activities Although the definition of scope and framework are fundamental for the establishment of Risk Management they are independent from the particular structure of the management process methods and tools to be used for the implementation In order to define an efficient framework it is important to understand the background of the organization and its risks eg its core processes valuable assets competitive areas etc evaluate the Risk Management activities being undertaken so far develop a structure for the Risk Management initiatives and controls countermeasures security controls etc to follow This approach is useful for clarifying and gaining common understanding of the organizational objectives identifying the environment in which these objectives are set specifying the main scope and objectives for Risk Management applicable restrictions or specific conditions and the outcomes required developing a set of criteria against which the risks will be measured defining a set of key elements for structuring the risk identification and assessment process Definition of external environment This step includes the specification of the external environment in which the organization operates and the definition of the relationship between this environment and the organization itself The external environment typically includes the local market the business competitive financial and political environment the law and regulatory environment social and cultural conditions external stakeholders It is also very important that both the perceptions and values of the various stakeholders and any externally generated threats andor opportunities are properly evaluated and taken into consideration Definition of internal environment As in every significant business process the most critical prerequisite is to understand the organization itself Key areas that must be evaluated in order to provide a comprehensive view of the organizations internal environment include key business drivers eg market indicators competitive advances product attractiveness etc the organizations strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats internal stakeholders organization structure and culture assets in terms of resources such as people systems processes capital etc goals and objectives and the strategies already in place to achieve them Generating the Risk Management context In business terms Risk Management as a process should provide a balance between all kinds of costs benefits and opportunities Therefore it is necessary to draw the appropriate framework and to correctly set the scope and boundaries of the Risk Management process Setting the Risk Management context involves defining the organization process project or activity to be assessed and establishing its goals and objectives duration of the project activity or function full scope of the Risk Management activities to be carried out specifying any including inclusions and exclusions roles and responsibilities of various parts of the organization participating in the Risk Management process dependencies between the project or activity and other projects or parts of the organization Formulation of Risk Criteria The criteria by which risks will be evaluated have to be decided and agreed Deciding whether risk treatment is required is usually based on operational technical financial regulatory legal social or environmental criteria or combinations of them The criteria should be in line with the scope and framework defined above Furthermore they should be closely related to the organizations internal policies and procedures and support its goals and objectives Important criteria to be considered are impact criteria and the kinds of consequences that will be considered criteria of likelihood the rules that will determine whether the risk level is such that further treatment activities are required It is very common that criteria identified during these steps are further developed or even modified during later phases of the Risk Management process Share this page Was this page helpful Your feedback can help us maintain or improve our content Mark this page for review Previous article Communication Awareness Consulting

B B O O B B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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Grants Grants Enterprise is a proven and powerful nonprofit that improves communities and peoples lives by making welldesigned homes affordable We bring together nationwide knowhow partners policy leadership and investment to multiply the impact of local affordable housing development We foster community improvement from the ground up welldesigned affordable homes connected to resources like health care schools jobs and transportation So that people have the opportunities to reach their full potential In most instances we award grants through a formal Request for Proposal RFP process Below is a description of RFPs being offered to strengthen communitybased organizations that are advancing our shared mission Hurricane Harvey Recovery Grants The Housing and Economic Assistance to Rebuild Texas program HEART a partnership between the Texas State Affordable Housing Corporation and Enterprise Community Partners is offering grants of up to 50000 and technical assistance to eligible nonprofits providing housing assistance to families displaced or otherwise affected by Hurricane Harvey These grants are made possible through a generous gift from the Rebuild Texas Fund For questions about the HEART program please email Monica Gonzalez Application HUD Capacity Building Section 4 Grants One of Enterprises primary sources of grant funding is the HUD Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing Program commonly referred to as Section 4 Since Congressional authorization in 1993 the program has helped lowincome families and neighborhoods in more than 2000 urban and rural communities in all 50 states and the District of Columbia These funds are used to build capacity in nonprofit community development organizations Community Housing Development Organizations CHDOs and Community Development Corporations CDCs that meet eligibility requirements Building capacity strengthens organizations to help them successfully Implement HUD programs Design finance and execute community development and affordable housing projects Coordinate on crossprogrammatic placebased approaches Facilitate knowledge sharing To learn more about the Section 4 program see Enterprises blog or read our new report Foundation for Success Section 4 Capacity Building Health Housing Partnership Capacity Building Section 4 Grants NOW OPEN Enterprises national health and housing team will work with Enterprises market teams in Los Angeles Atlanta Detroit and New York to pilot scalable housingbased health solutions Teams will to define sustainable pathways for integrating those solutions into the healthcare sectors strategy of patient care payment and investment The pilots will define ways in which the healthcare sector can directly influence the social determinants of health impacting their community and will focus on quality affordable stable housing in neighborhoods connected to opportunity Enterprise is inviting CDCs and CHDOs who are interested in increasing their capacity to work with the healthcare system to submit a proposal for a 10000 health and housing partnership Section 4 grant and to work with Enterprise on several healthcare partnership building activities described further in the RFP Additionally geographic and population parameters for the CDCs and CHDOs are detailed in the Funding Parameters section of the RFP Application Period for Los Angeles and New York Thursday November 15 2018 through Monday December 17 2018 Applications will be accepted through 1159 pm EST on December 17 2018 Funding Decisions Announced January 18 2019 Application Period for Atlanta and Detroit Wednesday January 16 2019 through Friday February 15 2019 Applications will be accepted through 1159 pm EST on February 15 2019 Funding Decisions Announced March 15 2019 Sign up to receive HUD Section 4 funding round notifications Resources for Applicants Grantees 2018 LOI Frequently Asked Questions Report Foundation for Success Section 4 Capacity Building Grants 20152016 Racial Equity webinar worksheet and toolkit Enterprise Community Partners Grants Guide Section 4 WebEx tutorials 2015 Green Communities Criteria For questions about the LOI process please email rfpenterprisecommunityorg Case Studies See examples of how our Section 4 funding has been used to build capacity across the country For full access to our tools and resources please provide the information below We use this data to better understand our users we do not sell or share this data By providing this information you can expect to receive newsletters and other updates from Opportunity360 First Name Last Name Email Zip Code No thanks Right Rail Menu Enterprise Community Partners Grants Foundation for Success Through the federal Section 4 Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing programs annual grants it helps organizations find new solutions to create affordable homes and healthy neighborhoods for families seniors veterans people with disabilities and other lowincome people Foundation for Success Section 4 Capacity Building Report 20152016

B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Portfolio Entra develops lets and manages attractive and environmentally friendly buildings as well as engaging in active portfolio management through the purchase and sale of properties We own and manage approximately 13 million square metres distributed over 92 buildings Each day more than 30000 people work in buildings owned by Entra At the end of the third quarter of 2018 the real estate portfolio had a market value of NOK 45 billion Entras strategic areas of concentration are Oslo and the surrounding region Bergen Stavanger and Trondheim All numbers as of Q3 2018 Aasta Hansteens vei 10 Stovner police station Akersgaten 34 og 36 Akersgaten 51 Apotekergaten 6 Allehelgensgate 6 Police station Bergen Biskop Gunnerus gate 6 Byporten Biskop Gunnerus gate 14 Posthuset Borkenveien 13 Vøyenenga skole Brattørkaia 13 B Tollkammeret in Trondheim Brattørkaia 14 Rockheim Brattørkaia 15 A B Brattørkaia 16 Brattørkaia 17 B Brynsengfaret 6 Brynsengfaret 6 C Cort Adelers gate 30 Kontorbygget Cort Adelers gate 30 Skolebygget Drammensveien 134 Dronningens gate 2 Domstoladministrasjonen Fredrik Selmers vei 4 Fredrik Selmers vei 6 Grensesvingen 26 Grønland 32 Statens Hus Grønland 51 Grønland 53 Papirbredden 2 Grønland 56 Fyrhuset Grønland 58 Papirbredden Drammen Knowledge Park Grønland 60 Union Scene Drammen Internasjonale Kultursenter Hagegata 22 Hagegata 23 Tøyensenteret Henriks Ibsens gate 110 Jåttåvågveien 7 Blokk C Hinna Park Jåttåvågveien 18 Troll Hinna Park Kaigaten 9 Statens Hus Hordaland Karoline Kristiansens vei 2 Fyrstikktorget Keysers gate 15 Kjørbo gård Kjørboveien 3 Kjørboveien 1226 Kjørbo office park Kjørboveien 33 Kongens gate 87 Skatteetaten Konggata 51 Kreftings gate 33 Kristian Augusts gate 13 Kristian Augusts gate 23 Laberget 22 Fjordpiren Hinna Park Lakkegata 53 Langkaia 1A Havnelageret Lars Hillesgate 30 MediaCity Bergen Lilletorget 1 Malmskriverveien 2 Asker og Bærum tingrett Malmskriverveien 4 Malmskriverveien 1820 Skattens Hus Marken 37 Munchs gate 4 Keysers gate 13 Nils Hansens vei 20 Oslo Nonnesetergaten 4 Nytorget 1 Observatoriegaten 1 Observatoriegaten 1 Magasinet Otto Sverdrups plass 4 Knowledge Centre Pilestredet 19 og 21 Pilestredet 28 Prinsens gate 1 Statens Hus Bispen Professor Olav Hanssens vei 10 Schweigaards gate 15 Toll og avgiftsdirektoratet Schweigaards gate 15 B Oslo Z Schweigaards gate 16 Stenersgata 1 Oslo City Tollbuallmenningen 2A Tollboden i Bergen Tordenskiolds gate 12 Trondheimsporten Tvetenveien 22 Universitetsgata 2 Vahls gate 13 Valkendorfs gate 6 Verkstedveien 1 Verkstedveien 3 Wexels plass

B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Starting a Business Dont File for That Patent Yet Instead of a utility patent a provisional patent or a trademark could be a better first step Next Article Add to Queue Tamara Monosoff February 8 2010 6 min read Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own Two great tools for inventors that wont break your bank account provisional patent applications and trademarks Successfully licensing an invention or taking a product to market requires research and the ability to talk to people about your invention It is impossible for a manufacturer or retail buyer to commit to a product without seeing it For good reason many inventors are reluctant to share their invention with people they dont know Further once an invention is shared publicly international patent rights can be lost and the oneyear timeline within which a US patent application must be filed generally has begun to tick For this reason many inventors rush out and file a fullblown utility patent application That addresses the uncertainties and also enables inventors to alert people that their invention is patent pending However this approach has several downsides First utility patents and even patent applications can cost many thousands of dollars In the end an inventor may find that the expense outweighs the benefit Second in the early stages most invention designs are still evolving Filing a patent too early could mean that it doesnt actually reflect the most evolved designs and drawings Thirdand most important in my opinionthis investment has been made before an inventor has conducted real market research to validate marketability of the product Two solutions that many inventorsmyself includeduse are to file provisional patent applications and trademark applications for the invention and product name or logo These applications provide the best of both worlds At a fraction of the cost of a utility patent application a provisional patent application is not actually a patent It never will convert to a patent or become public unless further action is taken A provisional patent application is a like a place holder In essence you are laying claim to the filing date of the provisional patent application if and when you elect to file for a full utility patent up to one year from the time you file your provisional patent application So if you choose to file a What does this mean From the date you file your provisional patent application you have the legal right to write patent pending on your prototype and show it to whomever you wish In the process you will not lose your international patent rights and can still elect to file your utility patent application But it gives you one year to develop your product and gain market information before you actually must make the final decision on whether to file utility andor international patent applications So how do you do this While technically you can write and file this application yourself I recommend that you do it with some guidance and at the least a review by a registered patent attorney or agent There are three things to be careful about when writing a provisional patent application according to intellectual property attorney Stuart West founding partner of West Associates Ensure that the application meets the written description and enablement requirements of 35 USC 112 by adequately describing not only the components of your invention and their connections but also the operation of the invention Avoid using limiting or restrictive language in your written description such as must necessary essential or other similar phrases Be accurate but broad with your descriptions For example if a nail is holding together two pieces of wood an accurate but broader description of the nail would be a fastener or you may simply state that one piece of wood is coupled with the second piece of wood The second bestand still underutilizedlegal tool for inventors in my opinion is the federal and various state trademark registration systems Heres why Every product has a name or it should Once you begin using the name with prospective licensees and customers the invention actually becomes synonymous with the name I have seen this happen over and over And there are only so many names an item could take that meet the criteria of being both catchy and able to be registered So give as much thought to names for your product as possible and include questions about the name in your market research Once you settle on your preferred name trademark the name Then when you speak with prospective licensees use the name Note I did not say you should tell them you are hooked on the name But if they become accustomed to your products name they will see your trademark as another valuable asset you are bringing to the table Plus it may further limit potential encroachment from likely competitors or knockoff products West says there are two things to understand about trademark use The underpinnings of trademark law are founded on the principle of first in use first in right Filing of a trademark application typically constitutes use but so does simply using the trademark In fact in some states you must use the trademark publicly before filing a trademark application and in the federal trademark system a trademark must be used in interstate commerce before it can register Therefore use your trademark Once youve settled on and adopted your trademark you should identify it as a trademark by using either or as appropriate Check your local state laws regarding the use of In most states trademark rights can be asserted regionally for free simply by applying the T to a product done by typing the letters t and m between two parentheses The writing program automatically shrinks and raises it to have the T appearance Second a trademark can be registered with the US Patent and Trademark office and overseas This is a faster process taking only 10 to 14 months Once it is registered as a US federally registered trademark use the also typed by inserting the r between parentheses I have always said that intellectual property patents trademarks and copyrights are just tools in your inventing tool box Using the right tool can be extremely valuable The nicest thing about a provisional patent application is that it can buy you time to figure out which other tools may be necessary Likewise trademarks are a valuable tool inventors overlook Free Webinar Jan 22 Strategies for Building a HighPerforming Team From hiring to motivating to compensating heres what you need to know to help drive your team to achieve more Latest on Entrepreneur

O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


WaterWastewater The Importance of Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD in the Water Analysis Sector May 01 2015 Free to read Articles are free to download Please login to read this article or create an account A high standard of living involves a high demand for water and at the same time causes much greater pollution of this essential element for life The resultant interference in the natural cycle can often overwhelm natural processes of recovery so that in addition to products arising from the decomposition of natural substances eg proteins greases carbohydrates there is a buildup of anthropogenous additives such as pesticides effluents and garbage which contaminate drinking water supplies with their toxic or hormonal effects They may also consume such large quantities of oxygen that water resources become fouled To prevent the threat of possible danger to health or the very existence of certain species it is essential to determine the quality of a water source before water is drawn off for consumption Water Analysis Water quality is dependent on its constituents which can be divided into organic and inorganic substances Given the wide range of natural and synthetic compounds which exist an analysis of the individual constituents is not a practical proposition and in any case a complex affair In practice in order to arrive at significant milestones which will permit an evaluation of water quality rapid methods of analysis are used which consider groups of parameters rather than the individual parameters themselves In this connection BOD is employed to determine the aerobic destructibility of organic substances As long ago as 1870 Frankland carried Terms Definitions BOD n Biochemical Oxygen Demand after n days is defined in detail in German Standard DIN 38 409H51 1 and is associated with certain experimental conditions It represents the quantity of oxygen which is consumed in the course of aerobic processes of decomposition of organic materials caused by microorganisms The BOD therefore provides information on the biologicallyconvertible proportion of the organic content of a sample of water This leads to the consideration of these materials in terms of their susceptibility to oxidation by the use of oxygen BOD is stated in mgl of oxygen and is usually measured within a period of 5 days BOD 5 Principle The selfcleansing ability of water is based on the activity of microorganisms 2 which are present in practically every area of life as a mixed population3 They feed on salts and organic compounds such as sugar cellulose and convertible synthetic substances which they consume in the presence of oxygen O 2 that is biochemical oxidation occurs and the products are partially or completely broken down The expression total decomposition of organic materials C org is taken to mean their oxidation to carbon dioxide CO 2 and inorganic salts mineralisation as covered by expression 1 1 C org O 2 microorganisms CO 2 salts The conditions for determining BOD are so defined that the quantity alone of the organic materials contained in a sample limits the growth of microorganisms ie the greater the number of organic nutrients present the greater the materialexchange activity of the bacteria and therefore the resultant BOD The measured consumption of O 2 is the result of microbic conversion In extremely anaerobic water sources oxidation processes can also be detected in inorganic materials eg Fe 2 Fe 3 BOD5 and BOD Graph Determining BOD values after five days BOD 5 has been adopted as a compromise between a short testperiod and the detection of a practically complete biological breakdown of organic materials With domestic effluents at 20 C a complete degradation 100 BOD is achieved only after 20 days BOD 20 however after only 5 days 70 of the biologically convertible substances are broken down Hütter 1994 Between the BOD 5 and BOD 20 values the following pattern applies for a given interval of time the same proportion of residual BOD by volume is broken down At 20C the daily degradation capacity is 206 of the relevant residual BOD HabeckTropfke 1992 which means that in ideal conditions and with a total BOD BOD 20 of 100 mgl after one day there would be a BOD value of 206 mgl This kinetic represents a firstorder reaction From this relationship it is possible to use the BOD 5 reading to estimate values from BOD 1 to BOD 20 for domestic effluents Further it is possible to establish a relationship with BOD values taken at other temperatures Pöppinghaus Fresenius 1994 The advantages of taking measurements after five days are therefore on the one hand the short amount of time required for the analysis and on the other the fact that extrapolation can be carried out However in some countries a testing period of 7 days is performed A socalled BODGraph can be drawn up in which BOD values are shown in graphical form over a given period of time A slight deviation from the kinetic described above occurs caused by fluctuations in the rate of breakdown In their natural state the microorganisms first consume the most easily disintegrated material completely before they attack the next Csource The transfer to the subsequent substratum is linked to an adaptationphase and this causes a generally shortterm reversal of material conversion activity diauxia Further considerations are based on the Interpretation On the basis of the BOD n value assertions may be made both with regard to the characteristics of a watersource and the biological activity of the incubated microflora For example where a heavy load is placed on a water source the water may become anaerobic as a result of a lack of oxygen when effluent with a high oxygen demand consuming a great deal of oxygen is introduced and may tip over In another case the biological capacity of a sewage treatment plant can be tested by comparing the BOD value of a known control solution with the BOD derived from a microbiosphere being present in In general the following assertions may be made a high BOD indicates a high content of easily degradable organic material in the sample a low BOD indicates a low volume of organic materials substances which are difficult to break down or other measuring problems see below the shape of the BOD graph see above shows what further information may be gained from the measurements conformance with the measurement range problems pattern of decomposition BOD values are generally determined and evaluated in association with other parameters eg COD DOC POC TOC and this makes them more useful in formulating predictions For example if we consider a comparison of the measured BOD value with the COD value a small difference indicates that a large proportion of the organic materials can easily be degraded a large difference indicates either that the organic loading can not be easily broken down or that a problem is present see below BOD detects only the destructible proportion of organic substances and as a general principle is therefore lower than the COD value which also includes inorganic materials and those materials which can not be biologically oxidised Problems Biodegradation of materials present in water occurs in two phases The breakdown of carbons begins practically immediately In the second phase nitrification occurs which also involves the consumption of oxygen There are two groups of nitrifying bacteria which catalyse the synthesis in a close relationship As shown in expression 2 the first group oxidises ammonium NH 4 to nitrite NO 2 which represents the substratum for the second group which creates nitrate NO 3 2 NH 4 NO 2 NO 3 This conversion requires 457 mgl of oxygen per mg of NH 4 and has a significant effect on the BOD which is intended only to detect the consumption of oxygen for carbon oxidation CBOD Generally speaking nitrification sets in after 10 days but may occur within 5 days in samples which are not heavily loaded5 HabeckTropfke 1992 Hütter 1994 To repress this undesirable occurrence nitrification inhibitors such as NAllylthiourea ATH or 2chloro6trichloro methyl pyridine CTMP can be added If it is desired to analyse oxygen consumption of the nitrification in itself NBOD a comparison can be made of samples both with and without nitrification inhibitors In contrast to this inhibitors or toxic substances can reduce biological activity in water or even kill off the organisms completely Even so it may be of interest to determine the BOD of a sample of this kind This can be achieved with a dilute solution in which substances such as metabolic poisons are below the concentration at which they would have an effect on aerobic decomposition Procedures There are two standard procedures which are equivalent to each other under given conditions the first is the dilution method to DIN 38409H51 and gives the socalled dilution BOD n over a period of n days This is in most cases an officiallyapproved procedure It is cumbersome and includes an optimization for test conditions required for the decomposition process at 20 C The oxygen content is measured directly in the water itself The more simple procedure is to measure oxygen depletion Z Sn during a period of n days as DIN 38409H52 and this method is used for internal monitoring purposes The respirometric method manometer is based on the fact that the oxygen converted to carbon dioxide is removed from the gaseous spectrum via the sample by means of a CO 2 adsorbent usually potassium hydroxide KOH The resultant pressure drop can be measured in the closed system and is proportional to the volume of the consumed oxygen The so called oxygen depletion value Z Sn can be interpreted as a BOD n value where 1 only the concentration of organic substances limits oxygen consumption in the samples and 2 the investigation takes place at 20 1 C In the past pressure measurements were usually carried out with a mercury manometer However this can be done more simply and reliably using an electronic BODOxiDirect from Lovibond Following measurement the results are stored and can be called up to the display at any time in mgl BOD In particular this eliminates the use of mercury which can be dangerous to health see Paras 16 and 19 of the German Dangerous Substances Act Further Applications for the BOD Method BOD is a criterion for aerobic biological decomposition A special application is found in water analysis as the BOD n value Variations of the method can lead to other possible applications such as the following checks on the aerobic decomposition of environmental chemicals eg biodegradability to OECD 301 within 28 days determining the respiration of soils sludge sediment garbage and liquids toxicity tests in soils sludge sediment garbage and liquids bioactivity determination in various environ mental compartments performance checks in a sewage treatment plant determining the respiration rates of living beings eg RQvalue respiration quotient investigations of stress oxygen consumption of cell cultures under the influence of various tests in the medicinal pharmaceutical industry Typical Values Examples of typical BOD 5 values for natural and anthropogenous water sources shown in Table 1 are given for purposes of general guidance Table 1 Typical BOD 5 values taken from Pöppinghaus Fresenius 1994 Hütter 1994 LAWRPL 1997 SP municipal sewage treatment plant GKl saprobity water quality classification WATER BOD 5 mgI EFFLUENT OUTFALL BOD 5 mgI GKI IV 15 Blood 160000 210000 GKI IVIII 2010 Liquid manure 700018000 GKI III 137 Whey 45 GKI IIIII 105 Mosel River D 10 51 GKI II 62 Nahe River D 10 51 GKI III 21 Rhein River D 10 19 GKI I 1 SPinlet 300350 Drinking water 1 Soutflow 25 Bibliography DIN German Standards Deutsches Institut für Normung eV BeuthVerlag GmbH Berlin Germany HabeckTropfke 1992 Abwasserbiologie The Biology of Effluents 2nd edition WernerVerlag Hütter 1994 Wasser und Wasseruntersuchung Water Water Investigations 6th edition Otto Salle Verlag Frankfurt am Main Germany LAWRPL 1997 Data Record of German Rivers in 1995 offprint from Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft RheinlandPfalz Germany Pöppinghaus Fresenius 1994 Abwassertechnologie Effluent Technology editors Institut Pöppinghaus GmbH und Institut Fresenius GmbH 2 nd edition SpringerVerlag Berlin Germany Footnotes 1 conforms in factual content with ISO 5815 1983 German Standard DEV and Austrian Standard ÖNORM ISO 5815 Hütter 1994 2 bacteria fungus archaea algae and protozoa 3 groups of microorganisms exist alongside each other and are subject to mutual interaction 4 adaptation of microorganisms to individual environmental conditions eg seasonal temperatures various xenobiotics etc 5 eg at the outflow from a sewage treatment plant Events Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week Jan 12 2019 Abu Dhabi UAE World Future Energy Summit WFES 2019 Jan 14 2019 Abu Dhabi UAE Energy from Biomass Combustion Jan 15 2019 Leeds UK National Biodiesel Conference Expo Jan 21 2019 San Diego CA USA Abwasser Praxis Jan 23 2019 Offenburg Germany View all events

O O O O B I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

biochemical oxygen demand
water analysis sector


EXCLUSIVE The Voice s Bria Kelly and Audra McLaughlin Remember Christina Grimmies Tight Bond With Her Family and Fans by Lindsay Good Mike Vulpo Sat Jun 11 2016 206 PM Paul DrinkwaterNBCNBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images We know Christina Grimmie made an impression on millions of viewers during her time on The Voice But as it turned out the singer also formed strong friendships with several of the contestants from her season Just one day after the YouTube star was shot and killed at an Orlando concert Christinas close friends from the NBC series are speaking out and sharing their fondest memories of the talented singer This is coming in waves Im sad and angry Bria Kelly shared with E News exclusively She was the kindest sweetest person She was like my sister I just went to her show in DC on Wednesday and two days later this happened the season six performer continued She was getting off tour and excited to get back to writing for a new album Fellow contestant Audra McLaughlin remembers the close bond Christina shared with her entire family both on and off stage Read Christina Grimmie Shot Dead at 22 Everything We Know About the Shooting Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Her parents are so sweet They are such a nice family They were always so supportive of Christina They loved her to pieces Its such a tragedy It really is she shared with E News My mom texted her mom earlier and her mom just said she was numb right nows parents during The Voice s blind auditions As soon as all four judges including Adam Levine Blake Shelton Usher and Shakira turned their chairs the entire family couldnt help but shed tears of joy She was extremely close with her family and her brother was her best friend a source close to Christina shared with E News Her mother has been battling cancer on and off for years and was Christinas hero Everything she did she did for her mom Read Inside Christina Grimmies Final Days How The Voice Singer Was Using Her Kevin WinterGetty Images While Christina was very close to her family the YouTube star also loved meeting fans on every tour stop Whether hosting meet and greets or FaceTiming with those who couldnt make her shows Christina loved interacting with followers and expressing her gratitude for their support She would spend hours after a show or appearance taking photos signing autographs and being with her fans our source added She wanted to give back to them everything they gave to her She loved meet and greets and called her fans her frands As Bria Audra and many more in the music community mourn the loss of a talented star many are still left with the big question Why did this happen She was sweet to all her fans She loved them Bria shared I have no idea why this guy would took away one of the worlds greatest assets If youd like to give back to Christinas family in her memory please consider donating to the familys GoFundMe page in their time of need Photos Celebrity Deaths 2016s Fallen Stars TAGS The Voice Christina Grimmie Music Death Top Stories Exclusives Show Comments

O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O

bria kelly
audra mclaughlin
christina grimmie


Pesticide Emergency Exemptions Related Information Emergency Exemption Database Emergency Exemption Information and Training Resource Emergency Exemptions and Special Local Needs in Indian Country On this page Introduction to pesticide emergency exemptions Types of emergency exemptions Evaluating emergency exemption requests For more information Introduction to Pesticide Emergency Exemptions Section 18 of the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act FIFRA authorizes EPA to allow Emergency Exemptions also called Section 18s for unregistered uses of pesticides to address emergency conditions Under such an exemption EPA allows limited use of the pesticide in defined geographic areas for a finite period of time once EPA confirms that the situation meets that statutory definition of emergency condition The regulations governing Section 18 of FIFRA found at Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations part 166 40 CFR 166 define the term Emergency Condition as an urgent nonroutine situation that requires the use of a pesticides EPA must also conduct assessments of potential risks to human health and the environment which confirm the pesticide use meets the required safety standards The maximum duration of an Emergency Exemption may be One year for Specific or Public Health Exemptions Three years for Quarantine Exemptions Emergency Exemptions can be requested by State or Federal agencies when an emergency condition eg serious pest problem jeopardizes production of agricultural goods the environment or public health but there are inadequate tools including pesticide registrations to address the situation The applicants submit information describing the pest emergency and request permission for a specific unregistered pesticide use Instructions for applicants and detailed listings of required information to include in emergency exemption requests may be found at 40 CFR 166 Types of Emergency Exemptions Specific Majority of requests are for Specific Exemptions Requested when an emergency condition exists in order to avert a significant economic loss or a significant risk to the environment which may include risks to endangered or threatened species and beneficial organisms Growers or agricultural research scientists identify a pest situation that available tools including registered pesticides will not alleviate State lead pesticide agency requests an Emergency Exemption from EPA EPA evaluates the request and decides whether or not to authorize the use Specific Exemptions may be authorized for up to one year Quarantine Requested to control the introduction or spread of an invasive pest species not previously known to occur in the United States and its territories Emergency based on the need to prevent the introduction or spread of a harmful invasive species Quarantine Exemptions may be authorized for up to three years Public Health Requested to control a pest that will cause a significant risk to human health Emergency is based upon the risk to human health presented by the pest Public Health Exemptions may be authorized for up to one year Crisis Requested when there is an immediate need for a Specific Quarantine or Public Health Exemption Following communication confirming EPAs concurrence the State or Federal agency may issue a Crisis Exemption allowing the unregistered use to proceed for up to 15 days EPA concurrence confirms that the required safety findings can be made A Crisis Exemption may be standalone or may be allowed in conjunction with a full request for a Specific Quarantine or Public Health Emergency Exemption If such a full request is submitted use is allowed to continue under the Crisis Exemption until EPA makes a decision on the request for a Specific Quarantine or Public Health Exemption Evaluating Emergency Exemption Requests EPA typically evaluates and makes decisions on the requests for Emergency Exemptions within 45 days The Agency will grant an Emergency Exemption request if the criteria for an emergency are met and the pesticide use meets required safety standards EPA performs a multidisciplinary evaluation of the request comprised of the following assessments Validity of the emergency claim including economic loss if reason for request Risks to human health through dietary and nondietary eg inhalation dermal etc exposures Risks to workers through occupational exposures Ecological risks through environmental exposures Progress toward registration of the use Specific and Public Health Exemption requests only If the Emergency Exemption use may result in residues in food or animal feed items EPA will establish formal tolerances maximum permissible residue levels at 40 CFR Part 180 to allow for potential pesticide residues in food or feed items Tolerances established for Emergency Exemption uses are timelimited corresponding to the time that treated commodities might be found in channels of trade For More Information Emergency Exemption Database Emergency Exemption Information and Training Resource 2006 Revisions to Emergency Exemption Regulations Questions concerning Section 18 Emergency Exemptions can be directed to EPAs Section 18 Emergency Response Team Leader Tawanda Maignan maignantawandaepagov 7033088050 Contact Us to ask a question provide feedback or report a problem

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Does Muscular Atrophy Cause Pain Know its Causes Symptoms and Treatment Reviewed By Pramod Kerkar MD FFARCSI Immobilization for longer periods has a pathological impact on the body This can induce muscular atrophy Although short immobilization along with losing of muscle mass can be beneficial yet constant loss of it could lead to serious health problems like muscular atrophy and it could be difficult to regain normal health later Muscular atrophy is defined as the degeneration of muscle mass which results in rapid wasting of muscles Causes Of Muscular Atrophy Muscular Atrophy or wastage of muscle occurs due to no or limited use of muscles neurological problems or due to malnutrition related causes Muscular Atrophy could be genetic for some and for some there might be a sudden onset due to poor nutrition It might also occur due to the several other serious comorbid diseases or disorders like Cancer HIV Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder COPD congenital heart disease severe burns in the body and also renal failure Extreme starvation could also cause muscle atrophy Often people might develop muscular atrophy or muscle atrophy following a prolonged period of immobility due to a chronic disease or a fracture The immobile state of the muscle stimulates the wastage process of the muscle As the muscle atrophy increases many patients might experience rapid falls during walking This might cause fractures The rate of wastage can increase following an immobile state thus making the situation worse for them Signs And Symptoms Of Muscular Atrophy Muscle Damage A stooped posture due to muscle damage is prominent over time Though initially it might not be noticed but difficulty in standing or sitting straight is the most common experienced symptom Weak Muscle The muscle loses its strength becomes flabby and also loses its tone making it hanging out of its position Even basic exercises lifting objects or simply sitting becomes extremely difficult for patients with muscular atrophy Pain Movements like walking or simple moving of hands could be painful for the patients Pain in patients with muscular atrophy is very common and they frequently experience it Stroke and Heart Attack In extremes of cases it might be difficult for the heart to pump blood In case you feel a sudden increase in the heart rate or weakness with a slight physical activity immediately contact the physician Does Muscular Atrophy Cause Pain Muscle pain in Muscular Atrophy patients is seen very frequently Due to the wastage of muscle in these patients they need to exert more energy and pressure than normal to do simple tasks like moving the hand or simply sitting erect The excess strain on the weakened muscle starts to hurt them resulting in the increased pain On the other hand the patients can not be asked to keep the muscles in a resting state for a long period of time since this prolonged immobilization would increase the rate of wastage However this continuous working of the muscle again increases Patients with muscular atrophy can also experience generalized pain or joint pain throughout the body due to the progressive muscle wastage Moreover due to the change in posture the patients might also develop lordosis or kyphosis of the spine making it more difficult for them to move This change in the shape of the spine can again cause a lot of associated pain in them Treatments For Muscular Atrophy The treatment for muscular atrophy or muscle atrophy would mainly focus on the activity of the muscle strengthening and relieving of pain The treatment plan is generally individualized A single therapy or a combination of few would depend on the patient condition The therapies for muscular atrophy would include the following Physical Therapy for Muscular Atrophy These would generally include exercises for muscle strengthening The primary aim of physiotherapy for Muscular Atrophy would be to strengthen the already weakened muscle and also the other muscles of the body and to maintain the strength of the rest of the muscles which are yet not affected However one very important thing to remember while taking a therapy is that the exercises should not be of muscle stretching Since the muscles lose their tone they are already in a stretched or loosened or hyperrelaxed state Further stretching would deteriorate the condition Medications for Muscular Atrophy Common medications might include those of pain relief Other medications might include those of various vitamins essential for the muscles to keep going and to maintain the body strength and improve the immune system Electrotherapy for Muscular Atrophy Many patients with muscular atrophy need electrotherapy to stimulate the muscle activity Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation is required for many if the muscle atrophy is advanced and even slight moving of the muscle is difficult without assistance This will also help reduce the pain However it should be followed by movements of muscles to ensure a better result Daytoday Activities For patients whose disability due to muscular atrophy has increased and they are almost bedridden even taking part in daytoday activities could help them well Rolling on the bed taking things from the sides and even simple tasks like folding clothes chopping vegetables squeezing things could help them in gaining the strength Alternative Therapies Therapies like acupuncture and acupressure chiropractor massage can help relieve the pain Movement therapy would also be helpful since it is extremely individualized can incorporate slow to fast movements with the increase in capacity and also helps in expression of emotions of loneliness depression associated with the disorder and give them better relieve Even patients of wheelchair can take part in a movement therapy session A group therapy could do wonders by enhancing the social skills of these patients as well Additional Treatment For Patients With Extreme Muscle Atrophy Breathing exercises are also very important for the whole body Apart from treatment options for Muscular Atrophy mentioned above patients suffering from extreme atrophy need to incorporate few more exercises in their regimen For patients with extreme muscle atrophies the vital organs ie heart and lungs might have a reduction in the capacity to work Lung capacities might reduce drastically and even the heart might experience difficulty in pumping blood due to the atrophy in the heart muscle Thus a holistic body approach is very important in preventing the disorder from worsening Many patients might also require therapeutic aids like Diet For Muscular Atrophy Patients Another very important thing to remember when dealing with muscular atrophy is diet Since the muscle goes for wastage it is very important to provide constant nutrition to keep them going Here is what the diet for muscular atrophy should include Higher Protein Intake To Reduce Muscle Atrophy A protein rich diet is the key for a healthy muscle for all Improving the muscle quality development of new muscle fibers and preserving of muscles will only happen with a good nutritious and protein rich diet A 2009 study concluded that increased intake of amino acids reduces muscular atrophy Another study in 2009 indicated the increased benefits of protein intake just after physical exercise which helps in reducing atrophy Intake Of Healthy Fat Can Delay Atrophy The hormone testosterone produced in the body is responsible for muscle growth and their retention Low levels of this hormone can increase atrophy of muscles in the body It is found that fat intake of lower than 1520 reduces the testosterone levels where just a little higher fat diet of 2025 can increase the testosterone levels and delay atrophy Thus experts suggest a minimum of 20 fat diet intake to keep the hormones to its desired level and you can prevent rapid atrophy of muscles Calories Required To Prevent Atrophy Studies have proved that even people who live a sedentary lifestyle needs adequate calories to maintain the muscle mass A huge drop in the calorie level can lead to muscular atrophy According to researchers men and women need atleast 2000 calories and 1600 calories per day respectively Since there is neither a definite treatment established yet for muscular atrophy patients and nor is there a definite cure for it the only focus of the whole treatment lies on preventing further damage delaying the process of muscle wastage with increased activity increasing the muscle strength and thus reducing or keeping the pain under control With active exercises and a good diet plan devised specially for muscular atrophy patients one can definitely delay the rapid advancement of this disorder Also Read

O B I O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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Home Battle Royale Battle Royale General Messages Dev Tracker Console Users Click Here Forum Rules Season 6 SUCKS Posts Latest Activity of 3 Filter 4 ChimeraTV Junior Member Join Date Dec 2017 Posts 2 1 Season 6 SUCKS 09272018 0546 AM Yep Epic did it They ruined the game No bouncers which means no trick shots rip xd clan lol They didnt bring back double shotgun A huge mistake Removed the silenced SMG and LMG will only lead more people to using the regular SMG and P90 and even the minigun which is more spray meta You cant even build battle because you cant get down with a bouncer unless you have a launchpad If double shotgun wouldve been implemented there wouldve been more variety in the game not just SMGs I have been playing since season one and the path Epic is taking is a bad one This game WILL die soon because it got way too boring Tags None 1 SLxTnT Senior Member Join Date May 2018 Posts 1056 2 09272018 0608 AM Removed the silenced SMG and LMG will only lead more people to using the regular SMG and P90 Silent SMG was more powerful Just played a game with only having to use my SMG once At this point Im using my AR for close range instead If they added double pump at this point everyone would be using it They even made dual pistols more rare which was another close range choice You cant even build battle because you cant get down with a bouncer unless you have a launchpad Only game since S4 that I played where the end was high enough off the ground to instantly kill you Without bounce pads there was no easy way down Rather than preventing a build fight it prevented people from resetting the fight 0 ScrumLH Junior Member Join Date Apr 2018 Posts 8 3 09272018 0614 AM What bouncer bads whyyyy 0 WiqKid1 Junior Member Join Date Jun 2018 Posts 28 4 09272018 0628 AM Lol okay noob Bring back more shotguns lmao Thats all people use now But sure lets just make it a game full of different shotguns You have no idea what youre talking about 3 comments 4 1 xmercer11 commented 09272018 1203 PM youre so silly for this lol you dont know what youre talking about clearly shotguns are not all that people use 910 fights i get into btw i play on xbox i die to someone spraying all my build and getting shredded but a smg or mini gun did you even play the game when double shot guns were in it if they want to have a spray and pray meta at least let the ogs who were good at double pumping have that option against the spray and pray dweeb 4 2 KASH9261 commented 09272018 1253 PM yes I agree 4 3 Bitshot Gaming commented 09272018 0723 PM Lmao ok trash 12 year old Shotguns at least require SKILL to use rather than a spray meta with no building 0 vedarasLTU Member Join Date May 2018 Posts 60 5 09272018 0637 AM Well firs of all i will note that i havent tested season 6 yet but after shotgun best switch guns were tommy gun light machine gun silence smg tactical smg p90 after nerf p90 dps was less than green tac smg And then all others Now basically all switch weapons are removed except from the worst what leads to every battle you fight makes you do damage and take damage hp and armor difference benefit you more than skill difference between players and that encourages you to avoid fighting if you want to win since with most fights you will get weaker and weaker because of bad weapons damage tradeoff and i find it very 1 comment 5 1 SLxTnT commented 09272018 0654 AM You can make the same argument with SMGs Letting people spray with an SMG is inviting more damage on both sides Double barrel and fast shooting SMGs are good for jumping in your opponents box Doing that causes damage for both players Thats why I like fighting at mid range Easy enough to deal 100 damage before rushing them 1 Col Sandurz Senior Member Join Date Apr 2018 Posts 327 6 09272018 0805 AM I was very surprised indeed by the removal of bouncers I miss the logic of the choice The only things that come to mind are limiting structure height by removing the opportunity to negate fall damage and change endgame play in tournaments 0 Lil_Dcool990 Member Join Date Jul 2018 Posts 88 7 09272018 0841 AM I havent played yet so I dont know how bad the new season is But from what I heard they made it a lot worse then season 5 Also has anyone experienced those new shadow areas and the new floating lake I almost forgot about the castle by haunted From season 2 and still sucks Whats going on Think about it logically 1 Spooky Boy ツ Junior Member Join Date Feb 2018 Posts 10 8 09272018 0952 AM They didnt bring back double shotgun A huge mistake I can tell from this statement that youre one of the garbage players who constantly run double pump because youre too trash with any other gun to actually play the game the way that it was intended to be played Removed the silenced SMG and LMG will only lead more people to using the regular SMG and P90 and even the minigun which is more spray meta You cant even build battle because you cant get down with a bouncer unless you have a launchpad The Silenced SMG was trash ever since they nerfed it The only reason they buffed it was to make it less trash which worked for a while when it was OP then they nerfed it again It had no place especially not over the regular SMG or P90 They dont remove guns because its fun They do it statistically based on end user feedbackwhat they physically see people use Theres no point keeping certain things in the game if they arent even being utilized by more than 2 of the entire player base The minigun isnt spray meta They nerfed it last season I dont understand when people complained about double pumping the people for it would say ah well if you dont want to get killed out build them shoot and build run away if you get killed by a double pump it just means youre trash etc If you get killed by a minigun it just means youre terrible and got outplayed If you were a season 1 vet then youd recall there was a time when you actually had to pay attention if someone was shooting or knocking you down You quick editbuild down or die People are literally building massive structures placing a bounce pad and then camping in them If you cant build battle without a bounce pad then I suggest you stay on the ground and let the big boys do it If double shotgun wouldve been implemented there wouldve been more variety in the game not just SMGs SMGs dont take precedent in the game I played 20 games yesterday and was only killed by an SMG 2 or 3 times Its usually a shotgun double barrel or a silenced scar Double shotgunning doesnt add variety it makes it easier for trashcans like you to play the game in only one way push and barrel stuff Theres plenty of variety in the game You just dont see it Last edited by Spooky Boy ツ 09272018 0955 AM 4 6 6 comments 8 4 Spooky Boy ツ commented 09272018 1052 AM SLxTnT Variety means the quality or state of being different or diverse Everybody and their mothers using 2 Pumps or a PumpHeavyTacticalDouble Barrel isnt the definition of Variety Variety in Fortnite are they hundreds of different load outs you can have using more than 1 category of weapon AR Shotgun SMG Heals AR Pistols Explodes Ports Shotgun Pistol Sniper Shields Rifts etc Not Shotgun Shotgun Shotgun Heals Generally the people that complain about double pump not returning are the kids that consistently use it and ruin the overall quality of the game People cant complain about the spray meta anymore either Ive gotten killed in more ways ever since they removed Double Shotgun load outs than I have since that was first discovered Recently though the grappling double barrel to the face has gotten pretty annoying Its cool though they nerfed that too Which Im stoked about Im glad shotguns are terrible ever since Season 4 They were OP from the get go 8 5 SLxTnT commented 09272018 1107 AM Making SMGs as good as shotguns will result in a shotgun SMG meta Making SMGs worse will result in a shotgun meta being a close range weapon thats not a shotgun Probably the dual pistols or silent pistol Making SMGs as good as shotguns with the ability to use 2 pumps will result in a shotgun SMGShotgun meta Lets be honest Most people will run a shotgun AR and a secondary close range ARs are pretty balanced so theres no reason to touch those Shotguns will always be used unless theres something consistently better That leaves the secondary close range Balancing guns for that slot will create variety Double pump included Right now theres dual pistols and SMGP90 Remember that double pump is only slightly faster than a Heavy but has less accuracy damage and range If I had to say which was stronger Id go with the Heavy 8 6 Doves_The_Killer commented 10012018 0844 PM They remove guns every season to keep the game fresh and you make a good point on this thread 1 Micnasr Junior Member Join Date Jan 2018 Posts 9 9 09272018 0958 AM Youre dumb Double pump was broken and unfair And the spray meta They removed half SMG 2 comments 9 1 Nickolai commented 09282018 1140 AM you shouldnt insult other users because they prefer older version of the game many players would go back to season 3 and double pump meta in a heartbeat if given the chance 9 2 Col Sandurz commented 10022018 0448 AM Id guess less than you think But I agree on the insult part the tone should have been different 1 SLxTnT Senior Member Join Date May 2018 Posts 1056 10 09272018 1040 AM Originally posted by Micnasr View Post Youre dumb Double pump was broken and unfair And the spray meta They removed half SMG Initial double shotgun OP Reintroduced double shotgun OP Damage nerf double shotgun Viable Keep in mind this was the beginning of the SMG meta I ran 2 SMGs against double pump while rarely losing my fights Shotgun SMG was the meta whether or not people realized it yet Running double pump was more for fun than using the best weapons available People believed it was still OP as that was what they were used to Double heavy was still OP during this time 0 ToxicGhost Junior Member Join Date Feb 2018 Posts 1 11 09272018 0416 PM Originally posted by ChimeraXD View Post Yep Epic did it They ruined the game No bouncers which means no trick shots rip xd clan lol They didnt bring back double shotgun A huge mistake Removed the silenced SMG and LMG will only lead more people to using the regular SMG and P90 and even the minigun which is more spray meta You cant even build battle because you cant get down with a bouncer unless you have a launchpad If double shotgun wouldve been implemented there wouldve been more variety in the game not just SMGs I have been playing since season one and the path Epic is taking is a bad one This game WILL die soon because it got way too boring its already dieing 1 N9M4D Junior Member Join Date Mar 2018 Posts 10 12 09282018 1242 AM Even the sound fixes have made it worse u cant even hear a gliding player land in your 1x1 now they make stuff worse every update 1 comment 12 1 SergeantFresh commented 09282018 1206 PM I am pretty sure they jacked the audio big time with the fixes I had to stop playing last night because of random sounds like people landing when no one was around and other random noises The Doppler effect seems to be backwards from what it should and a host of other sound related issues made it hard to play 1 CaptainCookie545 Junior Member Join Date Apr 2018 Posts 1 13 09282018 1038 AM Removing bouncers and nerfing the grappler was a huge mistake I hope they add them back 1 comment 13 1 Lil_Dcool990 commented 09282018 0126 PM Why is that a big mistake the bouncer probably but the grappler was basically the jetpack but with less capabilities You probably use the grappler cause you cant build 0 MatchmakingSucks Member Join Date Jan 2018 Posts 30 14 09302018 0304 AM Yeah theres nothing really to like the audio changes are terrible especially the ally kill feed noise in 50v50 What were they thinking New POIs are average except for the moving island which is overly popular and results in an even slower midgame They removed interesting weapons items and didnt replace them with anything Homing rocket is still useless and buggy as ever launches in random directions Rocket launcher audio is bugged now as well Soaring 50s hasnt seen any love jumpingfalling off heights still randomly drops you 20 feet How was this not hotfixed months ago Still no changes to shooting mechanics read rngbloom Only good things is that theyve left most rifts in they nerfed double barrels such a low skill gun yes bring back double pump and they removed port a forts even if temporarily It seems Epics sole focus lately has been lowering the skill gap and just changing things for the sake of changing things Sadly I think this is the point where the game starts its population decline That said i havent had a chance to try shadow stones yet maybe they are the saving grace 1 sparky692005 Senior Member Join Date Aug 2018 Posts 141 15 09302018 0419 AM I love how so many people want to just build fight use double pump to kill the player except most probably because of various things are not as good as them such as has a family life just older and not as quick or just plain noob So these players want the easy kills But I bet if they happened to get in to a game with a better player than them they would try and shoot it out using a smg type of gun These people on these forums tend to be I hate being shot out but its ok for me to do it to others The game doesnt suck its evolving sometimes for the better sometimes for the worst And I think depending on your style of play is if its a great update or a rubbish update You need to learn to adapt as thats what the best players do 1 2 3 Fortnite Blue

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Peruvian Rice and Lentils Tacu Tacu photo by Marcus Nilsson Versions of this casual dish are found throughout Peru often crowned with a steak and a fried egg Cooks flip the mixture of beans and rice frequently while it fries so that the exterior develops a crisp browned crust Weve simplified the technique but have no fear you will still end up with lots of delectable crunchy bits Although it is served here as a side dish tacu tacu also makes a satisfying vegetarian supper alongside a green salad save recipe add to menu Yield Makes 8 side dish servings Active Time 20 min Total Time 45 min Ingredients 1 cup dried brown lentils 7 ounces 7 14 cups water divided 2 teaspoons finely chopped garlic divided 6 tablespoons vegetable oil divided 1 cup longgrain white rice 1 small red onion finely chopped 1 tablespoon bottled ají amarillo or ají mirasol paste sometimes labeled crema Preparation Bring lentils 5 cups water and 12 teaspoon salt to a boil in a heavy medium saucepan then simmer uncovered until lentils are just tender 12 to 25 minutes depending on age of lentils Drain then transfer to a large bowl Meanwhile cook 1 teaspoon garlic in 1tablespoon oil in another heavy medium saucepan over medium heat stirring 1 minute Add rice and cook stirring 1 minute Add remaining 2 14 cups water and 1 teaspoon salt and bring to a boil then cook covered over low heat 20 minutes Remove from heat and let stand covered 10 minutes Stir rice from top to bottom with a rubber spatula then stir into lentils While rice stands sautéonion and remaining teaspoon garlic in 1 tablespoon oil in a 12inch heavy nonstick skillet over mediumhigh heat until onion is golden 3 to 5 minutes Stir in chile paste and cook stirring 1 minute Stir onion mixture into rice mixture Heat remaining 14 cup oil in skillet over medium heat until hot Add rice mixture and fry gently flattening with a spatula until a goldenbrown crust forms on underside about 3 minutes Stir rice and fry flattening it until a crust forms on underside again about 3 minutes more Repeat frying and stirring until bits of crust are dispersed throughout about 9 minutes more about 15 minutes total frying time What to drink Concha y Toro Terrunyo Casablanca Valley Sauvignon Blanc 07 Cooks notes Rice and lentils can be made but not fried 1 day ahead and chilled Related Video Menus Tags This Recipe is Featured In 33 Reasons to Stock Your Pantry with Lentils Tags Rice Side Fry Sauté Dinner South American Lentil Potluck Gourmet Sugar Conscious Kidney Friendly Vegan Vegetarian Pescatarian Dairy Free WheatGlutenFree Peanut Free Tree Nut Free Soy Free No Sugar Added Kosher Get our latest recipes and expert tips right in your inbox The Top Ten Become a better cook instantly with this weekly report of our ten most helpful tips tricks and kitchen secrets Dont miss it Cook This Now Love recipes but hate searching We do the work for you Youll get our favorite seasonal recipe plus collections of our exclusive editors picks Trending Recipes Get a daily does of the hottest recipes from Epicurious Bon Appétit and other great sites

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