Review Previous Article Next Article Table of Contents MushroomDerived Indole Alkaloids Joshua A Homer and Jonathan Sperry School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland 23 Symonds Street Auckland 1142 New Zealand J Nat Prod 2017 80 7 pp 21782187 DOI 101021acsjnatprod7b00390 Publication Date Web July 19 2017 Copyright 2017 The American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy Email jsperryaucklandacnz Cite this J Nat Prod 80 7 21782187 Abstract Mushrooms are known to produce over 140 natural products bearing an indole heterocycle In this review the isolation of these mushroomderived indole alkaloids is discussed along with their associated biological activities View ACS ActiveView PDF PDF PDF w Links Full Text HTML Article Options ACS ActiveView PDF HiRes Print Annotate Reference QuickView PDF 2152 KB PDF w Links 753 KB Full Text HTML Abstract Figures Citing Articles Add to Favorites Download Citation Email a Colleague Order Reprints Rights Permissions Citation Alerts Add to ACS ChemWorx Retrieve Detailed Record of this Article Retrieve All References Cited for this Article Retrieve All References Citing this Article Explore by Author of this Article Any Author Research Topic Metrics Article Views are the COUNTERcompliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 both PDF and HTML across all institutions and individuals These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetriccom with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated Article Views 2400 Times Received 4 May 2017 Published online 19 July 2017 Published in print 28 July 2017

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

mushroom - derived indole alkaloids
joshua a . homer


Managing anticoagulation for surgery and invasive procedures Review Review Articles Cardiovascular Disease Interventional Pulmonology Pulmonary Embolism DVT VTE Radiology Imaging Jun 07 2013 Managing Anticoagulation Therapy For Surgery and Procedures See also How to manage anticoagulation perioperatively ACCP Guidelines NOTE Please read the Terms of Use before proceeding If you are a patient stop reading now this site is for health care professionals only If you are a health care professional do not rely on this information as being current peerreviewed or authoritative The information that follows is a digest from the referenced sources it is intended as a road map to guide physicians back to the appropriate medical literature not to replace that literature By the nature of medical research and opinion the posted information may be or become outdated or incorrect at any time Read the current primary literature and guidelines and seek expert One in 50 people in the US are taking longterm anticoagulation therapy for a condition like atrial fibrillation a mechanical heart valve or a clotting disorder resulting in DVT PE Millions more with coronary artery disease or strokes are taking antiplatelets drug like Plavix and often aspirin as well About 1 in 10 people on anticoagulation therapy undergo surgery or an invasive procedure each year and the management of their anticoagulation medicines can be challenging the physician is expected to simultaneously prevent serious bleeding during the surgery and also clotting resulting in pulmonary embolism heart attack or embolic stroke This Procedures Not Necessarily Requiring Interruption of Anticoagulation According to some experts these procedures have a risk of serious bleeding 15 and if this is acceptable anticoagulation may be continued with a target INR of 25 Some authors also advise that fulldose antiplatelet therapy eg Plavix may be continued through these procedures Arthrocentesis Bronchoscopy Dx EGD mucosal bx OK Cardiac cath Dx Thoracentesis Some FNAs Colonoscopy Dx Endotracheal Intubation Paracentesis IVC filter plcmt Minor skin surgery Colposcopy Dx Central Lines VasCath for HD Tooth extraction Dilation curettage PICCs Small abdpelvis drains Root canals PEGnephrostomy tube exchange controversial say some authors Procedures With High Bleeding Risk Experts Advise Interrupting Anticoagulation Moreinvasive surgeries and procedures are expected to cause serious bleeding in 15 of people taking anticoagulation therapy Anticoagulation should be interrupted for these procedures as well as those in body areas vulnerable to injury eg spinal cord Patients at high risk for clotting with anticoagulation interruptions should be considered for bridging therapy with heparin This is not an exhaustive or authoritative list Lumbar puncture Chest tube plcmt Arterial puncture Spinalepidural anesthesia Transbronchial bx Stricture dilations Organ biopsies Tunneled catheter plcmt Cardiac ablations LiverGB drains Nephrostomy ERCP w sphincterotomy PEG tube plcmt Cardiac cath PCI Pacemaker plcmt 1cm polypectomy Major surgery Wide skin excision Eye surgery not cataracts Vascular interventions DecisionMaking for Anticoagulation for Procedures Surgery Each patients situation should be considered individually and heshe included in the decision making and risk discussion Generally speaking some experts have advised these principles For most patients undergoing lowbleedingrisk procedures Interruption of warfarin is not necessary The INR should be adjusted to 25 if possible Antiplatelet therapy like Plavix may be continued For most patients undergoing highbleedingrisk procedures For those who are at low individual risk for clotting anticoagulation can be interrupted without bridging therapy heparin Most patients at high individual risk of blood clots should receive bridging anticoagulation therapy Bridging therapy is strongly recommended for people with DVT or PE within the past 3 months or severe thrombophilia Mechanical mitral valves Old design mechanical aortic valves cagedball or tiltingdisk design ie nonbileaflet Any mechanical valve with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation with a CHADS2 score 4 or greater history of stroke or TIA or cardiac thrombus The BRIDGE anticoagulation study in Circulation provides a nice table for risk stratifying these patients and the below NEJM article has a similar reference table In people with recent DVT or PE 3 months since diagnosis some experts advise delaying elective surgery for 3 months while anticoagulating If surgery must be performed consider bridging therapy and in those whove received less than one month of anticoagulation consider the placement of an IVC filter as well For patients taking dual antiplatelet therapy after placement of coronary artery stents aspirin plus Plavix or a similar drug These patients are at increased risk for sudden coronary artery thrombosis in the stent with early discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy This risk is particularly elevated in the first 612 months after stent placement especially for drugeluting stents This risk needs to be balanced against the necessity of the invasive procedure and its risk of causing serious bleeding Some expert authors advise Postpone elective procedures surgeries for at least 6 weeks after a baremetal stent is placed and for 6 months if a drugeluting stent was placed If the proceduresurgery is highbleedingrisk see above delay it as long as feasible optimally more than a year after stent placement of any kind If a highbleedingrisk procedure must be performed before completion of 6 weeks antiplatelet therapy for baremetal stents or 6 months for drugeluting stents its recommended to continue both Plavix and aspirin throughout the invasive procedure whenever possible and to never discontinue aspirin Theres no known effective reversal agent to prevent the massive bleeding that often results but platelet transfusion may be tried These are the most challenging scenarios After 6 weeks 6 months of dual antiplatelet therapy depending on stent type have elapsed postPCI elective procedures can be performed after interrupting Plavix for 5 days preprocedure or longer for EffientTiclid but continuing aspirin For lowbleedingrisk procedures see above in patients taking dual antiplatelet therapy authors advise continuing both aspirin and the Plavixtype drug There is a lot more to this complex subject which can not be effectively summarized in any single article or online digest The consequences of these medical decisions can be lifesaving or catastrophic Read the literature and consult other specialist physicians before making decisions Todd H Baron Patrick S Kamath and Robert D McBane Management of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients Undergoing Invasive Procedures N Engl J Med 2013 36821132124 James D Douketis et al Bridging Anticoagulation Is it Needed When Warfarin Is Interrupted Around the Time of a Surgery or Procedure Circulation 2012 125 e496e498 See also How to manage anticoagulation perioperatively ACCP Guidelines Get our weekly email update and explore our library of practice updates and review articles PulmCCM is an independent publication not affiliated with or endorsed by any organization society or journal referenced on the website Terms of Use Privacy Policy Posted by PulmCCM Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11 Safari Matthew Mac Partlin Pulmonary Central Deb Hansen Pulmonary Central Raafat ASQ Weltermann Ansgar

O B O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

anticoagulation
surgery and invasive procedures


Loading Subtitles Vertigo 1958 HD 1080p Rating 84 Storyline John Scottie Ferguson is a retired San Francisco police detective who suffers from acrophobia and Madeleine is the lady who leads him to high places A wealthy shipbuilder who is an acquaintance from college days approaches Scottie and asks him to follow his beautiful wife Madeleine He fears she is going insane maybe even contemplating suicide because she believes she is possessed by a dead ancestor Scottie is skeptical but agrees after he sees the beautiful Madeleine IMDb Comments 20911 To Kill a Mockingbird Year 1962 Quality 720p Rating 84 Genres Crime Drama 14851 Psycho Year 1960 Quality 1080p Rating 86 Genres Horror 12745 Ice Age Continental Drift Year 2012 Quality 1080p Rating 67 Genres Animation Adventure Comedy Family 20930 Now You See Me 2 Year 2016 Quality 1080p Rating 67 Genres Action Adventure Comedy Crime Mystery Thriller 2533 Ice Age A Mammoth Christmas Year 2011 Quality 1080p Rating 65 Genres Animation Short Adventure Family 15924 Citizen Kane Year 1941 Quality 1080p Rating 84 Genres Drama Mystery 21637 A Clockwork Orange Year 1971 Quality 1080p Rating 84 Genres Crime Drama SciFi 14235 Casablanca Year 1942 Quality 720p Rating 80 Genres Drama 13455 Kung Fu Panda 3 Year 2016 Quality 1080p Rating 73 Genres Animation Action Adventure Comedy Family 20421 Jurassic World Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 76 Genres Action Adventure SciFi Thriller 14017 Tangled Year 2010 Quality 720p Rating 79 Genres Animation Comedy Family Fantasy Musical Romance 13324 Madagascar 3 Europes Most Wanted Year 2012 Quality 1080p Rating 70 Genres Animation 20516 The Great Dictator Year 1940 Quality 720p Rating 85 Genres Comedy Drama War 13403 Ice Age Dawn of the Dinosaurs Year 2009 Quality 1080p Rating 70 Genres Animation Action Adventure Comedy Family 20140 American Beauty Year 1999 Quality 1080p Rating 84 Genres Drama 13227 The Witch Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 70 Genres Horror Mystery 23119 The Departed Year 2006 Quality 1080p Rating 85 Genres Crime Drama Thriller 15843 Were the Millers Year 2013 Quality 1080p Rating 71 Genres Comedy 25709 The Godfather Year 1972 Quality 1080p Rating 90 Genres Crime

O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Loading Subtitles Inside Out 2015 HD 720p Rating 89 Storyline Growing up can be a bumpy road and its no exception for Riley who is uprooted from her Midwest life when her father starts a new job in San Francisco Like all of us Riley is guided by her emotions Joy Fear Anger Disgust and Sadness The emotions live in Headquarters the control center inside Rileys mind where they help advise her through everyday life As Riley and her emotions struggle to adjust to a new life in San Francisco turmoil ensues in Headquarters Although Joy Rileys main and most important emotion tries to keep things positive the emotions conflict IMDb Comments 13058 Minions Year 2015 Quality 720p Rating 70 Genres Animation Comedy Family 13348 Home Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 68 Genres Animation Adventure Comedy Family Fantasy SciFi 14153 Big Hero 6 Year 2014 Quality 1080p Rating 81 Genres Animation Action Adventure Comedy Family SciFi 14213 Frozen Year 2013 Quality 1080p Rating 78 Genres Animation Adventure Comedy Family Fantasy Musical 21637 A Clockwork Orange Year 1971 Quality 1080p Rating 84 Genres Crime Drama SciFi 758 Frozen Fever Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 72 Genres Animation Short Adventure Comedy Fantasy 14113 WreckIt Ralph Year 2012 Quality 1080p Rating 78 Genres Animation Adventure Comedy Family 13235 The SpongeBob Movie Sponge Out of Water Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 64 Genres Animation Adventure Comedy Family 20421 Jurassic World Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 76 Genres Action Adventure SciFi Thriller 13759 Despicable Me 2 Year 2013 Quality 1080p Rating 76 Genres Animation Comedy Family 21003 Tomorrowland Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 67 Genres Action Adventure Family Mystery SciFi 13131 Hotel Transylvania Year 2012 Quality 1080p Rating 71 Genres Animation 13145 Beauty and the Beast Year 1991 Quality 1080p Rating 81 Genres Animation Family Fantasy Musical Romance 14017 Tangled Year 2010 Quality 720p Rating 79 Genres Animation Comedy Family Fantasy Musical Romance 20830 Fifty Shades of Grey Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 42 Genres Drama Romance 13403 Ice Age Dawn of the Dinosaurs Year 2009 Quality 1080p Rating 70 Genres Animation Action Adventure Comedy Family 22119 Avengers Age of Ultron Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 80 Genres Action Adventure SciFi 14549 Pixels Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 56 Genres Action Comedy SciFi 15532 Ted 2 Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 69 Genres Comedy 21023 Spy Year 2015 Quality 1080p Rating 76 Genres Action Comedy Crime

O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


American Speedster The PVC Bike Car By Adam Withrow 10162011 705 am I am completely fascinated with pedal transportation Many of us have pedalable commutes that we end up driving just because we dont like bikes Theres a whole wave of doityourself pedal vehicles from the Hennepin Crawler down to vehicles like this one Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video

O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

pvc bike car
pedal transportation
hennepin crawler


PythonReports 093 Database report generator Navigation Project description Release history Project links Download Statistics View statistics for this project via Librariesio or by using Google BigQuery Meta License MIT License MIT License Author PythonReports Users Mailing List Maintainers als Classifiers Development Status 5 ProductionStable Environment Win32 MS Windows X11 Applications Intended Audience Developers Information Technology License OSI Approved MIT License Operating System OS Independent Programming Language Python Topic Database FrontEnds Printing Project description PythonReports is a toolkit aimed to build database reports in Python programs The toolkit includes report template designer report builder and several printout renderers for GUI and graphic file output Report builder applies a template to a sequence of uniform data objects and produces a printout structure that can be saved to file andor rendered by one of the frontend drivers to screen printer PDF etc

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


QuickBooksHelp Intuit posted 10242018 0957 PM last updated December 19 2018 137 PM Assign categorize edit and add your downloaded banking transactions After youve downloaded transactions from your financial institution you can assign and categorize them QuickBooks Online analyzes all the information received from the bank for each downloaded transaction to give you the best possible suggestions for accepting the transaction Review downloaded transactions As you review downloaded transactions you can assign a payee category class or location to each transaction as needed To review a downloaded transaction From the left menu select Banking and choose Banking On the For Review tab select a transaction to open it The Description column entry indicates the type of transaction Select a customer or vendorvendor name from the Select Payee dropdown list to assign a payee to the transaction If possible QuickBooks Online displays a matching customer vendorvendor or employee name or you can select Add new to specify a new payee for the transaction If you dont select or add a name the transaction appears in the register without a payee when you add it Verify that the selection in the Category field is accurate or select a more specific Category for entries listed as Uncategorized Income or Uncategorized Expense You can create additional categories from your Chart of Accounts as needed Select a Class or Location from the available options These fields only appear if you have set up classes or locations in your Company Settings When you are satisfied with the transaction information you can add the transaction to QuickBooks Online Assign a payee category class or location to multiple transactions at once For greater efficiency you can assign a the same accounting information such as payee category class or location to multiple transactions at the same time On the Banking page select the For Review tab Select the checkbox for each transaction to which to assign the same payee category class or location You can easily select multiple rows by selecting the first holding down shift and selecting the last From the Batch a ctions dropdown menu select M Use the fields in the Modify Selected dialog to specify the Payee Category Class or Location to assign to all of the selected transactions The Class and Location fields only appear if you have set up classes or locations on the Account and Settings or Company Settings Advanced tab Select Apply The information you specified is applied to all of the selected transactions Assign multiple categories to a single transaction split There may be times when you want to split a transaction either a deposit or expense between different categories From the left menu select Banking and choose Banking On the For Review tab select a transaction to open it Select the Split button to open the Split Transaction window Select a Category and enter an Amount for each category to assign to the transaction until the total amount matches the downloaded amount You can select Add Lines to add more categories Reset to start over or if necessary the trash can icon to delete a row Select The transaction is assigned to all of the categories you specified saved to your register and moved from the For Review tab to the In QuickBooks tab Assign a billable customer to a transaction To assign a billable customer to a transaction you must first turn on the Billable Expenses option and then assign the customer To turn on the Billable Expenses option Select the Gear icon on the Toolbar Under Your Company select Account and Settings or Company Settings From the left menu select Expenses In the Bills and expenses section select the pencil icon to open the fields for editing Make sure that that the following options are turned on Show items table on expense and purchase forms Track expenses and items by customer Make expenses and items billable Optional Select the Markup with a default rate checkbox to enable markup and enter a rate Optional Select the Track billable expenses and items as income option to use one or more income accounts to track billable expenses You can specify whether to track these expenses in a Single account or in Multiple accounts When you select this option and choose a Single account by default billable expenses are tracked in the Billable Expense Income account but you can change that setting on the Advanced tab under Chart of Accounts Select Save Select Done Once this setting is turned on you can assign a billable customer to a transaction To assign a billable customer to a transaction From the left menu select Banking and choose Banking On the For Review tab select a transaction to open it Select the Billable checkbox Select the appropriate customer from the Select Customer dropdown list Select Add The transaction is saved to your register and moves from the For Review tab to the In QuickBooks tab Add attachments to banking transactions You can optionally add an attachment such as an image or a receipt to a banking transaction You cant save just an attachment Attachments must be linked to a transaction to be uploaded to the account A transaction can only have one attachment and the attachment is not saved to the transaction until the transaction is added to QuickBooks Online You can not attach a file to a transaction added as a Match You must add the attachment from the For Review tab From the left menu select Banking and choose Banking On the For Review tab select a transaction to open it Select Add Attachment and select the attachment to add from the File Upload window The file name is listed next to Attachment If you attach the wrong file select the X next to the file name to remove it Select Add The transaction and its attachment are saved to the register and moved from the For Review tab to the In QuickBooks tab Accept transactions After you assign and categorize a transaction you accept it into QuickBooks Online so it is added to the bank register and becomes part of your business finances This is an important step because transactions that arent accepted cant be tracked or reported on Accept a single transaction To review and accept a downloaded transaction From the left menu select Banking and choose Banking On the For Review tab select a transaction to open it The Description column entry indicates the type of transaction Verify that the Payee Category Class and Location you specified for the transaction are accurate Select Add The transaction is added to the register and moved from the For Review tab to the In QuickBooks tab Accept multiple transactions at once You can review and add or accept multiple transactions at the same time Review and categorize several transactions but dont accept them You can select a column heading such as Description to sort the list by the entries in that column and group similar transactions together Select the checkboxes of each transaction to accept From the Batch Actions dropdown menu choose Accept Selected All of the selected transactions are added to the register and moved from the For Review tab to the In QuickBooks tab Edit transactions If necessary you can edit a downloaded transaction regardless of whether it is unaccepted or accepted including changing how you assigned or categorized it You can also undo an acceptance and even exclude a transaction from being included in your business finances See Exclude downloaded transactions from your business finances or due to duplicate banking transactions for the steps on how to exclude transactions Change an assignment or category for a transaction If a downloaded transaction has been assigned to the wrong category you can change the assignment or category for the transaction You can only change the assignment or category from the For Review tab or in the corresponding QuickBooks Online transaction You cant change a category or assignment from the In QuickBooks tab On the Banking page select the For Review tab Locate and select the transaction to open it Select the Category or Match dropdown list and select the new category from the list Select Add to accept the new category and add the transaction The transaction is added to the register and moved from the For Review tab to the In QuickBooks tab Undo an acceptance If you added or accepted a transaction or multiple transactions in error you can undo that acceptance On the Banking page select the In QuickBooks tab Locate the transaction From the Action column select To undo multiple transactions at once you can select the checkboxes for all of the transactions and select Undo Selected from the Batch Actions dropdown menu The transaction is moved from the In QuickBooks tab to the For Review tab where you can select it and assign an account for it from the dropdown list in the Category or Match field Bank Detail settings QuickBooks Online automatically downloads Bank Detail from the bank into QuickBooks Online The following Bank Detail settings are turned on by default Copy bank detail to Memo Bank detail information is copied into the Memo fields of downloaded transactions QuickBooks Online displays bank detail information downloaded from the bank that is slightly different from the information on your bank statement If necessary you can turn these settings off if for example you dont want bank detail information to appear in the Memo field On the Banking page select the For Review tab Select the Gear icon above the Action column Clear the appropriate checkboxes under Transaction details to turn off any of the listed settings The settings are cleared and the information no longer appears with the transactions Change a downloaded transaction type from Transfer If QuickBooks Online automatically assigned Transfer to an expense transaction after downloading an ofx file from your bank you can change the transaction type from the Banking page On the Banking page select the For Review tab Locate and select the transaction to open it Select either the Add or Find Match radio buttons to clear the Transfer radio button Select a new category for the transaction and select Add or match the transaction and select Save The transaction type changes as you specified Additional information for managing transactions If you need more information about managing transactions downloaded from your bank or financial institution the following articles can help How to add and match downloaded banking transactions How to unmatch and delete downloaded transactions How to exclude expenses from downloaded bank transactions QuickBooks Online 1 Kudo Cheer

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Chemistry 107 Chapter 5 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Terms in this set 20 Octane C8H18 reacts with Oxygen O2 to form carbon dioxide CO2 and water H2O When the equation below is balanced the coefficient of octane is C8H18O2CO2H2O A 8 B 25 C 2 D 16 C 2 Propane C3H8 recasts with Oxygen O2 to form carbon dioxide CO2 and water H2O When the equation below is balanced the coefficient of water is C3H8O2CO2H2O A 1 B 4 C 2 D 3 B 4 Ammonia can be prepared by the reaction of magnesium nitirde with water The products are ammonia and magnesium hydroxide When the equation is written and balanced the coefficients of magnesium nitride is A 1 B 3 C 6 D 8 A 1 The label which indicates that a substance is a gas is A g B l C s D aq A g The total number of each type of atom be the same on both sides of an equation in order to satisfy the law A Law of Combining volumes B Law of Conservations of matter C Law of Constant Composition D Law of Multiple Proportions B Law of Conservations of matter The observations that gaseous reactants combine to form gaseous products in volume rations that are simple whole numbers is most directly summarized by which of the following A The Law of Conservation of Mass B The Law of Fixed Proportions C The Law of Multiple Proportions D The Law of Combining Volumes D The Law of Combining Volumes When 5 liters of hydrogen gas and 25 liter of oxygen gas react to form water at a constant temperature and pressure how many liars of water vapor steam will be formed A 25 B 5 C 3 D 5 B 5 When 2 liter of nitrogen gas reacts with 6 liters of hydrogen gas at constant temperature and pressure how many liters of ammonia gas will be produced A 2 B 4 C 6 D 8 B 4 The explanation of the observations leading to the law of combining volumes is often called Avogadros hypothesis This explanation states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure have A the same number of molecules B different number of molecules C the same reactivity D different energies A the same number of molecules A liter of solid carbon and a liter of oxygen gas at the same temperature and pressure react to produce carbon dioxide Using the law of combining volumes how many liters of carbon dioxide will be produced A 1 B 2 C 3 D The law of combining volumes applies only to reactions involving all gases D The law of combining volumes applies only to reactions involving all gases Which of the following is correct according to Avogadros hypothesis A At zero degrees celcius atm pressure equals volumes of gases contain equal masses B At zero degrees celcius atm pressure equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules C At zero degrees celcius atm pressure equal volumes of gases have the same density D At zero degrees celcius atm pressure 1 L atm of liquid water contain the same number of molecules B At zero degrees celcius atm pressure equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules GayLussacs law of combining volumes states that the volumes of reactants and products are in small wholenumbers ratios Which of the following is NOT an assumption for the law of combining volumes A The products and reactants must all be gases B The products and reactants must all be at the same temperature C The products and reactants must all be at the same pressure D The products and reactants must all be gases of liquids D The products and reactants must all be gases of liquids The formula mass of CO2 is A 28 gmol B 28 u C 44 gmol D 44 u D 44 u Which of the following contains as many atoms as 18g of water H2O A one mole of nitrogen B three moles of zinc Zn C two moles of sodium chloride NaCl D two moles of nitrogen N2 B three moles of zinc Zn What is the molecular mass of N2O A 30 gmole B 30 u C 44 gmole D 44 u D 44 u What is molecular are in 237 g about a cup of water A 131 B 4267 C 602 x 1023 D 792 x 1024 D 792 x 1024 In the reaction CH42O2CO22H2O how many moles of oxygen are required to burn 80 g of methane A 05 B 10 C 20 D 32 B 10 Atom economy is A the calculation of the number of atoms conserved in the desired product rather than in waste B counting the atoms in the stating material and product C having green byproducts D having green starting materials A the calculation of the number of atoms conserved in the desired product rather than in waste A solution that is 1 by mass contains A 3g of solute in 3 kg of solution B 1 g of solute in 100 g of solution C 3 ml of solute in 300 mL of solution D 2 mole of solute in 2 L of solution B 1g of solute in 100g of solution What mass of KOH is needed to make 4000 mL of 0725 M KOH A 310 g B 1017 g C 406 g D 163 g D 163g

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Chapter Five Quiz Questions FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month These are operators that add and subtract one from their operands CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT and CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 62 Terms in this set 62 These are operators that add and subtract one from their operands and What is the output of the following code segment n1 While n 5 C out n n 1 1 1 And on forever This operator increments the value of its operand then uses the value in context Prefix increment The While loop has two important parts an expression that is tested for a true or false value and A statement or block that is repeated as long as the expression is true The While loop is this type of loop Pretest If you place a semicolon after the test expression in a While loop it is assumed to be an Null statement The statements in the body of a While loop may never be executed whereas the statements in the body of a DoWhile loop will be executed At least once A For statement contains three expressions Initialization test and Update In a For statement this expression is executed only once Initialization You may define a blank in the Initialization expression of a For loop Variable The DoWhile loop is a blank loop that is ideal in the situations where you always want the loop to iterate at least once Posttest A loop that is inside another loop is called A nested loop This statement may be used to stop a loops current iteration and begin the next one Continue This means to increase a value by one Increment When the increment operator precedes its operand as in num1 the expression is on this mode Prefix Following statement While x 10 Which operator is used first This is a control structure that causes a statement or group of statements to repeat Loop The While loop contains an expression that is tested for a true or false value and a statement or block that is repeated as long as the expression Is true Something within a While loop must eventually cause the condition to become false or an blank results Infinite loop This is a variable that is regularly incremented or decremented each time a loop iterates Counter This is a special value hat marks the end of a list of values Sentinel What is the output of the following code segment n1 For n5 C out n n 1 1 1 And on forever The DoWhile loop is considered an blank loop Posttest This loop is a good choice when you know how many times you want the loop to iterate in advance of entering the loop For This is a pretest loop that is ideal in situations where you do not want the loop to iterate if the condition is false from the beginning While This statement causes a loop to terminate early Break If you want a user to enter exactly 20 values which loop would be the best to use For This statement may be used to stop a loops current iteration and begin the next one Continue What will the following loop display Int X0 While X5 C out X endl X 0 1 2 3 4 5 What will the following code display Int number6 Number C out number endl 7 What will the following code display Int number 6 number C out number endl 7 What will the following code display Int number6 C out number endl 6 What will the following code display Int number6 C out number endl 7 What will the following code display Int number 6 Int X0 Xnumber C out X endl 6 What will the following code display Int number6 Int X0 X number C out X endl 5 To allow file access in a program you must include this header file F stream A file blank is a small holding section of memory that filebound information is first written to Buffer This may be used to write information to a file Stream insertion operator To write data to a file you define an object of this data type Of stream To read data from a file you define an object of this data type If stream Assuming outFile is a file stream object and number is a variable which statement writes the contents of number to the file associated with outFile outFile number Assuming dataFile is a file stream object the statement dataFileclose Closes a file A file must be blank before data can be written to or read from it Opened What will the following code display int x0 For int count0 count 3 count X count C out X endl 3 How many times will the following loop display Hello For int i0 i 20 i C out Hello endl 20 How many times will the following loop display Hello For int i1 i 20 i C out Hello endl 19 How many times will the following loop display Hello For int i 0 i 20 i C out Hello endl 21 How many times will the following loop display Hello For int i20 i0 i C out Hello endl 20 The increment and decrement operators can be used in mathematical expressions however they can not be used in relational expressions False A While loops body can contain multiple statements as long as they are enclosed in braces True A While loop is somewhat limited because the counter can only be incremented by one each time through the loop False An Initialization expression may be omitted from the For loop if no Initialization is required True The scope of a variable declared in a For loops Initialization expression always extends beyond the body of the loop False If you want to stop the loop before it goes through all its iterations the Break statement may be used True You may not use the Break and Continue statements within the same set of nested loops False The condition that is tested by a While loop must be enclosed in parentheses and terminated with a semicolon False The update expression of a For loop can contain more than one statement eg Counter totalsales True Multiple relational expressions can not be placed into the test condition of a For loop True You may nest While and DoWhile loops but you may not nest For loops False You may not use the Break statement in a nested loop False An output file is a file that data is written to True It is possible to define a file stream object and open a file in one statement True

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Project Management FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Sprint Backlog CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT the set of product backlog items selected for the Sprint plus a plan for delivering the Sprint Goal CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 52 YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 17 terms PM Chpt 8 28 terms Project Management Ch 8 64 terms Project MGT 4330 Umble Final Exam 26 terms Chapter 8 Scheduling Resources and Cost OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 79 terms Strategic Management Service Operations 104 terms Blackstone Final 150 terms SC Napoleon

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Anatomy Unit III Scenarios FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Which of the following best describes a voltagegated sodium ion channel CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT a protein embedded in the cell membrane of a neuron CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 24 Terms in this set 24 Which of the following best describes a voltagegated sodium ion channel a protein embedded in the cell membrane of a neuron When a neuron is at rest the cytoplasmic inside side of the cell is ______ negatively charged relative to the outside of the cell Depolarization of the neuron occurs when ______ positively charged sodium ions rush into the neuron Which of the following describes why Dr Westwood experienced paralysis The tetrodotoxin prevented the motor neurons from sending signals to skeletal muscle After recovering Dr Westwood decided to learn more about neurotoxins In conducting his research he learned about a toxin called batrachotoxin BTX BTX also binds to voltagegated sodium ion channels Dr Westwood reviewed experiments with neurons exposed to BTX which showed that after depolarizing the membrane potential remained positive for an extended length of time Repolarization of these neurons was often extremely delayed Which of the following could help explain this result BTX prevents voltagegated sodium ion channels from inactivating Dr Westwood experienced tingling and eventually numbness in his lips Which of the following is an appropriate medical term for this feeling of tingling parasthesia Paralysis is a term used to describe the loss of muscle function If tetrodotoxins effect is on neurons why did Dr Westwood experience paralysis Muscles contract after receiving signals from motor neurons Since TTX prevents the generation of action potentials in these neurons the ability of a motor neuron to generate this signal will be inhibited The result would be the emergence of paralysis in the affected areas Sodium ions also contribute to the action potential generated in muscle cells so TTX inhibits muscle activity directly Which of the following is the most reasonable explanation for why meningitis an infection in the meninges would damage the spinal cord Meningitis would create physical pressure on the spinal cord due to inflammation If West Nile virus invades the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord what cells types and parts would most likely be damaged Cell bodies of motor neurons A patient with severe West Nile virus impacting the anterior gray horn would likely exhibit Paralysis of some muscles Which of the following disorders also results from an infection of anterior gray horn neurons polio The virus causing Sarahs health problems lies dormant in the dorsal root ganglion of cranial and spinal nerves What cellular structure of the neuron would be found in the ganglion What type ofpathway is transmitting the impulse that results in the feeling of paresthesia in Sarahs thigh somatic sensory Based on the anatomical location of the blisters which of Sarahs peripheral nerves is affected by this disease process Hint see chart on page 445 of our textbook posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Which spinal nerve roots are most likely to be involved S1S3 Which region of Sarahs cerebral cortex is active during the perception of her pain Hint You may need to look in chapter 13 for help with your answer Also look at the names of the areas They tell you something primary somatosensory cortex If Sarah had been visiting her doctor for a routine physical rather than for shingles the doctor would have likely performed some reflex testing One reflex test often performed is testing the patellar reflex Which of the following is true concerning the patellar reflex MORE THAN ONE ANSWER MAY BE CORRECT CHOOSE ALL THAT ARE CORRECT What is a cerebrovascular accident stroke when a blood vessel supplying the brain is blocked or it ruptures leading to lack of oxgyen to brain cells when a cancerous tumor puts pressure directly on a brain part leading to brain cell death when the cells of the brain or spinal are unable to transmit an action potential due to blockage of sodium ion channels all three of these choices define a cvastroke Define the term ischemia abnormal decrease in blood flow to an organ Which of the following in Samuels background and history placed him at risk for a stroke Check all that apply You will need to look at the American Heart Association Website for stroke risk factors Based upon the historical and physical exam findings what specific language area anatomical location of Samuels cerebral cortex has been damaged as the result of his stroke Based upon the historical and physical exam findings what specific language area functional area of Samuels cerebral cortex has been damaged as the result of his stroke left Brocas area Based upon Samuels right hemiparesis what specific anatomical area of Samuels cerebral cortex including right or left has been damaged as the result of his stroke left precentral gyrus Based upon Samuels right hemiparesis what specific functional area of Samuels cerebral cortex has been damaged as the result of his stroke

B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


CDFR 224 Chapter 5 FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Sex CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT the biological characteristics with which we are born our chromosomal anatomical hormonal and other physical and physiologcal CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 66 Terms in this set 66 Sex the biological characteristics with which we are born our chromosomal anatomical hormonal and other physical and physiologcal sex influences our behavior but it does not dtermine how we think feel and act Gender learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize people of one sex or the other Gender identity perception of themselves as either masculine or feminine early in life differences in gender identity men are more likely to suffer in silence women tend to show their emotions more openly Gender roles characteristics attitudes feelings and behaviors that society expects of females and males Social scientists often describe our rules of gendered the process of treating and evaluating males and females differently because of their sex Gender stereotypes expectations about how people will look act think and feel based on their sex boys are physically aggressive girls are socially aggressive or mean Gender stereotypes in boys and girls boys are almost as likely as girls to be mean and that the two types of aggression are linked If boys and girls are physically aggressive they are also likely to be socially aggressive becasue of similar problems such as low self esteem poor peer relations and low prosocial behavior Health differences between men and women senses of smell and taste are more acute in women than in men and hearing is better and lasts longer in women women have a higher risk than men of developing diabetes and some conditions are more common in women such as migrane headaches and breast cancer more common in me are hemophilia and skin cancer Hormones chemical substances secreted into the bloodstream by glands of the endocrine system include estrogen progesterone and testosterone Estrogen dominant in females and produced by the ovaries Progesterone high levels during pregnancy and also secreted by ovaries Testosterone dominant in males and produced by testes Male violence more likely to occur in patriarchal rather than matriarchal societies In patriarchy men hold the positions of power and authority Women make up 18 percent of all those arrested for violent crimes including homicide Intersexuals also known as hermaphrodites are people born with both male and female organs Sex related genetic differences boys are more likely to suffer from genetic defects physical and mental disabilities reading difficulties and school and emotional problems Sociobiology the study of how biology affects social behavior Social learning theory people learn attitudes beliefs and behaviors through social interaction results in reinforcement imitation and modeling Reinforcement occurs when we receive direct or indirect rewards or punishments for particular gender role behaviors Observation and imitation learn and behave as boys and girls Role models parents are emotionally important to their children teenagers who said that their role model was someone they knew had higher selfesteem higher grades and lower substance use than peers whose role models were sports figures singers or other media characters Cognitive development theory children acquire female or male values on their own by thinking reasoning and interpreting information in their environment By age 3 or 4 girls know that they are a girl and prefers girl things to boy things simply because she like what is familiar or similar to her By age 5 most children anticipate disapproval from their peers for playing with oppositesex toys and they avoid those toys as a result According to cognitive development theory children use cues to evaluate the behavior of others as either gender appropriate or gender inappropriate limitation in cognitive development theory developmental theories exaggerate gender learning as something that children do themselves Symbolic interactionists gender roles are socially constructed categories that emerge in social situations both sexes are more likely to interupt women than men because men are generally viewed as more authoritative than women Impression management provide information and cues to others to present ourselves in a favorable light while downplaying or concealing our less appealing qualities Limitation in symbolic interaction theory interactionists credit people with more free will then they have For both sexes impression management is more difficult for lower socioeconomic groups and the elderly because they have fewer resources to purchase goods and services to enhance the image they project Interactionists tend to downplay or ignore macrolevel and structural factors that affect our gender roles Feminists view gender as socially constructed role that is taught carefully and repeatedly Gender script how society says youre supposed to act based on sex becomes so natural as to be seen as an integral part of oneself Sexism attitude or behavior that discriminates against one sex usually females based on the assumed superiority of the other sex Women in upper classes have more status and privileges than do men in lower classes and are less confined to playing traditional gender roles how parents communicate differently with boys and girls mothers often talk more to their daughter than to their sons and comfort and hug their daughters more mothers talk less often with boys and give them more room to explore their environment on their own which teaches and reinforces a sense of independence fathers tend to use more directives and more threatening language wiith their sons Mothers tend to ask for compliance rather than demand it for both By the time boys start school they use threatening commanding and dominating language and girls seek agreement and cooperation 10 to 17 year old boys sprend about 30 percent less time than girls doing household chores and more than twice as much time playing up to 15 percent more likely than girls of the same age to get an allowance for doing household chores Providing opportunities parents are more likely to provide opportunities for their sons than for their daughters to attend computer summer camps more likely to explain science exhibits to their sons than to daughters and more likely to pressure boys to attend college Opportunity during childhood and adolescence parents provide children with activites and opportunities that our culture defines as gender appropriate Peer group consists of people who are similar in age social status and interests Play provides pleasure forms friendships and builds communication emotional and social skills The more time boys spend with other boys the greater the likelihood that they will learn to be rough aggressive competitive and active The more time girls spend with other girls the more likely they are to be cooperative rather than assertive to play quiet games and to be less physcial in their play than boys The more both girls and boys play with the same sex partners the more likely they are to participate in gendertyped play Peer groups can be important sources of support for teens and increase their selfesteem espcially adolescents who have poor relationships with their parents or feel insecure about their appearnce or abilities Some cliques encourage high risk behavior in teenagers that includes sexual activity smoking drinking alcohol and using other drugs symbolic interactionists say that many preteens and teens experience unnecessary anguish because theres a disconnect between how they see themselves and what their peers think of them How teachers treat boys and girls differently in elementary and middle school boys get more time to talk in class are called on more often and receive more positive feedback than girls expecting more from boys increases their problem solving abilities descisionmaking skills and selfconfidence How teachers treat boys and girls differently in high school counselors often steer girls into vocational training such as secretarial work or data processing rather than college prep programs help boys find jobs and not girls during the summer advise girls to take courses in the social sciences and humanities rather than in math or physcial sciencesl In college women earn almost 58 percent of all bachelors degrees and 60 percent of all masters degrees instrumental roles husbands and fathers must be real men a real man is a procreator a protector and a provider procreator is always strong and powerful in ensuring his familys physical safety breadwinner devoted husband and dutiful son expressive roles wives and mothers provide the emotional support and nurturing qualities that sustain the family unit and support the husbandfather warm sensitive and sympathetic kinkeeper kinkeeper important in communication links among family members spend much time maintiaining contact with relatives visiting friends and families organizing family reunions or holding gatherings during the holidays or for special events act as the family helper problem solver or mediator benefits of gender roles provide stability continuity and predictability costs of gender roles some men get into depression seeking solace in alcohol frustrated rages that end in violence and even suicide Gender stratification peoples unequal access to wealth power status prestige opportunity and other valued resources because of their gender second shift household work and child care tasks that many mothers face after coming home from work womens domestic work declined from 50 hours in 1965 to about 26 hours in 2003 mens increased from 12 to 16 hours are gender role contributions more balanced men have made substantial progress in lessening the burdern of womens second shift women often experience greater stress than men household decisons women make more decisions almost twice as often as many as men in planning weekend activities household finances major purchases for the home and tv watching older couples are more egalitarian than many younger couples younger generations arent as egalitarian as they think they are and that decision making becomes balanced in longterm relationships father and children employed fathers spend time with their children under age 13 on workdays has increased from 2 to 3 hours the percentage of employed women who say that their husbands or intimate male partners take or share greater responisibility for child care has increased from 21 percent in 1992 to 30 percent in 2008 gender in education woman face more obstacles as faculty than they do as managers and directors in corporate America when women earn doctoral degrees in male dominated fields they are less likely than men to be hired once hired women faculty members are less likely than their male faculty to be promoted gender and interaction men are more talkative then women but when talking about themselves or interacting with chidlren women are generally more talkative than men Androgyny blending of both maculine and feminine characteristics in the same person

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Chapter 3 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation FLASHCARDS WRITE SPELL TEST MATCH GRAVITY Upgrade to remove ads Only 1month Energy CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT The capacity of doing work CLICK THE ARROWS BELOW TO ADVANCE 1 52 Terms in this set 52 Energy The capacity of doing work Law of energy conservation Energy is neither created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another Electromagnetic radiation Energy in the form of waves that have both electrical and magnetic properties and travel through gases liquids and solids and occur even in a vacuum Electromagnetic spectrum Range of electromagnetic radiation types arranged by wavelength or by wave frequency or both Wavelength The distance between successive wave crests Wave frequency Number of crests or troughs of a wave that pass a given point in a specified period of time Visible radiation Electromagnetic radiation that is perceptible to the human eye with wavelengths ranging from 40 violet to 70 red micrometers Infrared radiation IR Electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths ranging from 8 micrometer to about 1 micrometer Blackbody A hypothetical body that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that is incident on it at every wavelength and emits all radiation at every wavelength Wiens displacement law The wavelength of maximum emission by a blackbody is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature StefanBoltzmann law The total energy radiated by a blackbody at all wavelengths is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the body Inverse square law Intensity of radiation emitted by a point source decreases as the inverse square of distance traveled Global radiative equilibrium The balance between net incoming solar radiation and infrared radiation emitted to space by the Earthatmosphere system Photosphere The intensely bright portion of the Sun visible to the unaided eye Sunspot Relatively dark cool area that develops on the surface of the Suns photosphere where an intense magnetic field suppresses the flow of gases transporting heat from the Suns interior Chromosphere Portion of the Sun above the photosphere Solar corona Outermost portion of the solar atmosphere that is a region of extremely hot highly rarefied gases extending millions of kilometers into space to the outer limits of the solar system Solar altitude The angle of the Sun 90 degrees or less above the horizon that influences the intensity of solar radiation striking Earths surface Perihelion The time of the year when the Earths orbital path brings it closest to the Sun Aphelion The time of the year when the Earth is farthest from the Sun Equinoxes The first days of spring and autumn when day and night are of approximately equal length at all latitudes and the Sun is directly over the equator Tropic of Cancer A solstice position of the Sun with a latitude of 23 degrees 27 minutes on June 21 the Suns noon rays are vertical at this latitude Arctic Circle Poleward of this latitude there are 24 hours of sunlight at the boreal summer solstice and 24 hours of darkness at the boreal winter solstice Tropic of Capricorn A solstice position of the Sun with a latitude of 23 degrees 27 minutes on December 21 the Suns noon rays are vertical Solar constant The flux of solar radiational energy falling on a surface that is positioned at the outer edge of the atmosphere and oriented perpendicular to the solar beam when Earth is at its average distance from the Sun Scattering The process by which aerosols and molecules disperse radiation in all directions Reflection The process whereby a portion of the radiation that strikes the interface between two different media is redirected Albedo The fraction of radiation striking a surface that is reflected by that surface Absorption The energy conversion process whereby a portion of the radiation incident on an object is converted to heat energy Stratospheric ozone shield Ozone in the stratosphere that shields organisms at the Earths surface from exposure to potentially lethal intensities of solar ultraviolet radiation Polar stratospheric clouds PSCs Clouds composed of water ice nitric acid and sulfuric acid which from during the Antarctic winter when extreme radiational cooling causes stratospheric temperatures to drop below 88 degrees C Circumpolar vortex The planetaryscale circulation regime that surrounds the cold pool of air in the polar regions Planetary albedo The fraction of incident solar radiation that is scattered and reflected back into space by the Earthatmosphere system Greenhouse effect Heating of Earths surface and lower atmosphere as a consequence of differences in atmospheric transparency to electromagnetic radiation Greenhouse gases Those gases that absorb and emit appreciable infrared radiation and contribute to the greenhouse effect in the Earthatmosphere system Atmospheric window Wavelength bands within which atmospheric gases absorb little or no electromagnetic radiation Callendar effect The theory that global climate change can be brought about by enhancement of the greenhouse effect by increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide from anthropogenic sources Global Warming Potential GWP index An index that compares the contributions of various gases to the greenhouse effecte Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC Assesses the technical scientific and socioeconomic information relevant for the understanding of climate change and its potential impacts Pyranometer The standard instrument for measuring solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface Infrared radiometer An instrument that measures the intensity of infrared radiation emitted by the surface of some objects Emissivity A measure of how close a radiating object approximates a blackbody What is the basis for subdividing the electromagnetic spectrum into various forms of electromagnetic radiation Detect measure generate and use segments in different ways Is the Earthatmosphere system a blackbody Explain Technically no but they are very close so we can apply blackbody radiation laws with useful results Apply Wiens displacement law in comparing radiational properties of Sun vs those of the Earthatmosphere system The Sun emits radiation that peaks at short wavelengths The Earthatmosphere system emits radiation that peaks at longer wavelengths How does solar altitude affect the length of a path of solar radiation through Earths atmosphere At the place on Earth where the Sun is directly overhead the local solar altitude has its maximum value of 90 degrees and solar rays are most concentrated Whenever the sun is positioned lower in the sky solar radiation spreads over a larger area of earths horizontal surface and is less intense In the Northern Hemisphere explain howwhy the Earth is closer to the sun in winter than during summer and yet winter is colder Spreading of radiation Earth intercepts 67 more solar radiation at perihelion January 3 What is the significance of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn relative to the incident of solar radiation On summer solstice solar rays are most intense at local noon along the Tropic of Cancer On winter solstice solar rays are most intense along the Tropic of Capricorn Describe the interactions of incoming solar radiation with the components of the atmosphere The percentage of solar radiation absorbed and the percentage scattered or reflected and percentage transmitted to Earths surface must equal 100 Why does the Antarctic ozone hole appear in the Southern Hemisphere spring The ozone layer in the Antarctic stratosphere thins drastically the polar stratospheric clouds form and chlorine and bromine compounds form once the sun reappears it activates the compounds and begins destroying the ozone How does cloud cover affect the days minimum air temperature When skies are clear the albedo is near 100 When skies are overcast the albedo is near 10 How is water vapor the principal greenhouse gas Water vapor contributes to 60 of the greenhouse effect YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE 43 terms Chapter 11 vocab PS other 43 terms Solar And Terrestrial Radiation 43 terms Ch 3 Solar And Terrestrial Radiation 65 terms Chapter 23 Heating Earths Surface OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR 21 terms Science Quiz November 17 15 terms Math Midterm 13 terms Afternoon ClassTest 2 August 3 15 terms Morning ClassTest 2 August 1 THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH 44 terms Chapter 4 Heat Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation 69 terms Meteorology midterm critical thinking 54 terms Chapter 3 Weather Studies TermsReviewCritical Thinking 20 terms Chapter 1 Monitoring the Weather

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


AP Psychology Chapter 8 Learning and Behaviorism Learning A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience Associative learning Learning that certain events occur together The events may be two stimuli as in classical conditioning or a response and its consequences as in operant conditioning Classical conditioning A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus UCS begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus Also called Pavlovian conditioning Operant conditioning A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher Behaviorism The view that psychology 1 should be an objective science that 2 studies behavior without reference to mental processes Most research psychologists today agree with 1 but not with 2 Unconditioned response UCR In classical conditioning the unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus UCS such as salivation when food is in the mouth Unconditioned stimulus UCS in classical conditioning a stimulus that unconditionallynaturally and automaticallytriggers a response Conditioned response CR in classical conditioning the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus CS Conditioned stimulus CS in classical conditioning an originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus UCS comes to trigger a conditioned response Neutral stimulus NS in classical conditioning a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning Acquisition the initial stage in classical conditioning the phase associating a neutral stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response In operant conditioning the strengthening of a reinforced response Spontaneous recovery the reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response Generalization The tendency once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses Discrimination In classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus Extinction The diminishing of a conditioned response occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus US does not follow a conditioned stimulus CS occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced Contingency Refers to dependent andor temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables Habituation An organisms decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it Fading a procedure for transferring stimulus control in which features of an antecedent stimulus eg shape size position color controlling a behavior are gradually changed to a new stimulus while maintaining the current behavior stimulus features can be faded in enhanced or out reduced Respondent behavior behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus Skinners term for behavior learned through classical conditioning Operant behavior behavior that operates on the environment producing consequences Law of effect Thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely Operant chamber Skinner Box a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer with attached devices to record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking Used in operant conditioning research Shaping An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior Successive approximation the sequence of new response classes that emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement each successive response class is closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces Reinforcement An event following a response that strengthens the tendency to make that response Deprivation vs Satiation The state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcer also refers to a procedure for increasing the effectiveness of a reinforcer vs A decrease in the frequency of operant behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that has followed the behavior Primary reinforcer an innately reinforcing stimulus such as one that satisfies a biological need Conditioned reinforcer secondary reinforcers a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer also known as a secondary reinforcer Continuous reinforcement reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs Partial intermittent reinforcement reinforcing a response only part of the time results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement Fixedratio schedule in operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses Variableratio schedule in operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses Fixedinterval schedule in operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed Variableinterval schedule in operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals punishment An event that decreases the behavior that it follows Cognitive map a mental representation of the layout of ones environment For example after exploring a maze rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it Latent learning learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it Overjustification effect The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do The person may now see the reward rather than intrinsic interest as the motivation for performing the task Intrinsic motivation a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective Extrinsic motivation a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment Observational learning learning by observing others Modeling the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior Mirror neurons Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so The brains mirroring of anothers action may enable imitation language learning and empathy Prosocial behavior positive constructive helpful behavior The opposite of antisocial behavior Negative reinforcement something bad is removed or avoided which encourages the occurrence of the behavior Positive reinforcement something good is presented which encourages the behavior in the future Learned helplessness The behavior of giving up or not responding to punishment exhibited by people or animals exposed to negative consequences or punishment over which they have no control Aversion therapy form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior Reflex A simple automatic inborn response to a sensory stimulus such as the kneejerk response Discriminative stimulus in operant conditioning a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement in contrast to related stimuli not associated with reinforcement Albert Bandura pioneer in observational learning AKA social learning stated that people profit from the mistakessuccesses of others Studies Bobo Dollsadults demonstrated appropriate play with dolls children mimicked play John Garcia Researched taste aversion Showed that when rats ate a novel substance before being nauseated by a drug or radiation they developed a conditioned taste aversion for the substance Ivan Pavlov Contributions developed foundation for classical conditioning discovered that a UCS naturally elicits a reflexive behavior Studies dog salivation Robert Rescorla researched classical conditioning found subjects learn the predictability of an event through trials cognitive element BF Skinner 19041990 Field behavioral Contributions created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organisms behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior Studies Skinner box Edward Thorndike Pioneer in operant conditioning who discovered concepts in intstrumental learning such as the law of effect Known for his work with cats in puzzle boxes Edward Tolman researched rats use of cognitive maps John B Watson behaviorism emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat The SelfInjurious Behavior Inhibiting System SIBIS an apparatus designed to reduce selfinjurious behavior directed at the head SIBSAB selfinjurious behavior is not considered socially acceptable behavior Assertiveness Training This behavioral technique provides tools and experience through which the client can become more assertive Flooding A behavioral technique used to treat phobias in which the client is presented with the feared stimulus until the associated anxiety disappears Systematic desensitization A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxietytriggering stimuli Commonly used to treat phobias Biofeedback a system for electronically recording amplifying and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state such as blood pressure or muscle tension Target behavior the behavior selected for intervention most often to be extinguished or changed although it may be a positive behavior Token economy an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats Minimal effectiveness response Therapeutic drug monitoring Graduated exposure in behavior therapy a method in which a person suffering from a phobia or panic attacks is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory until the anxiety subsides YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE Learning Chapter 8 Psychology Vocab Unit 5 AP Psych Chapter 5 Learning Vocab 53 terms Learning

O B O O B O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O B O O O B