Weirton West Virginia From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Weirton West Virginia City JohnstonTruax House Nicknames Gateway To The Valley Location of Weirton in Brooke County West Virginia Coordinates 4025N 8035W Coordinates 4025N 8035W Country United States State West Virginia Counties Hancock Brooke Area City 1926 sq mi 4988 km 2 Land 1805 sq mi 4675 km 2 Water 121 sq mi 313 km 2 Elevation 755 ft 230 m Population 2010 City 19746 Estimate 2016 18989 Density 10940sq mi 4224km 2 Urban 70889 US 389th Metro 121336 US 319th Time zone UTC5 Eastern EST Summer DST UTC4 EDT ZIP code 26062 Area codes 304 FIPS code 5485156 GNIS feature ID 1555932 Website FacebookcomWeirton cityofweirtoncom Weirton pron WEERton is a city in Brooke and Hancock counties in the US state of West Virginia Located primarily in Hancock County the city lies in the northern portions of the states Northern Panhandle region As of the 2010 census the citys population was 19746 Weirton is a principal city of the WeirtonSteubenville WVOH Metropolitan Statistical Area which had a 2010 population of 124454 residents Additionally Weirton is part of Greater Pittsburgh the 20th largest combined statistical area in the United States with a 2016 estimated population of 2635228 History The small village called Hollidays Cove lanes which is now most of downtown Weirton was founded in 1793 It eventually lost the apostrophe In 1909 Ernest T Weir arrived from neighboring Pittsburgh and built a steel mill later known as Weirton Steel Corporation just north of Hollidays Cove An unincorporated settlement called Weirton grew up around the mill that by 1940 was said to be the largest unincorporated city in the United States By then Hollidays Cove and two other outlying areas Weirton Heights and Marland Heights which as their names suggest were on hilltops or ridges surrounding the WeirCove area had also incorporated Hollidays Cove Fort was a Revolutionary War fortification constructed in 1774 by soldiers from Ft Pitt It was located in what is now downtown Weirton along Harmons Creek named for Harmon Greathouse about three miles from its mouth on the Ohio River It was commanded by Colonel Andrew Van Swearingen 17411793 and later by his soninlaw Captain Samuel Brady 17561795 the famous leader of Bradys Rangers In 1779 over 28 militia were garrisoned at Hollidays Cove Two years earlier Colonel Van Swearingen led a dozen soldiers by longboat down the Ohio to help rescue the inhabitants of Ft Henry in Wheeling in a siege by the British and Indian tribes in 1777 That mission was memorialized in a WPAera mural painted on the wall of the Cove Post Office by Charles S Chapman 18791962 The mural features Col John Bilderback who later gained infamy as the leader of the massacre of the Moravian Indians in Gnadenhutten in 1782 Weirtons Marland Heights neighborhood On July 1 1947 all of these areas Hollidays Cove Marland Heights Weirton Heights and unincorporated Weirton merged and formed the city of Weirton as it currently exists Thomas E Millsop the head of the Weirton Steel division of the other Ernest T Weir company National Steel Corporation was elected as the citys first mayor The city charter was approved by voters in 1950 Weirton is also home to the Weirton Steel Corporation which was once a fully integrated steel mill employing over 12000 people It was the largest private employer and the largest taxpayer in West Virginia This is no longer true Due to reorganization of the steel industry not only within the United States but worldwide the Weirton plant now part of the international giant Arcelor Mittal currently operates only the tinplating section of the mill though still one of the countrys largest tinplate makers with only 800 workers During the early 1980s the employees of Weirton Steel endeavored to purchase the mill from National Steel Corporation as the largest ESOP Employee Stock Ownership Program in the nation saving the mill from bankruptcy Some civic leaders are attempting to attract businesses and homeowners from the neighboring Pittsburgh metropolitan area marketing Weirton as a bedroom community taking advantage of the close proximity to the Pittsburgh International Airport and major interstates Weirton is home to a number of sites on the National Register of Historic Places including JohnstonTruax House Marland Heights Park and Margaret Manson Weir Memorial Pool Peoples Bank Dr George Rigas House and the Peter Tarr Furnace Site Geography The Veterans Memorial Bridge connects Weirton to Steubenville Ohio across the Ohio River and is the border crossing between the states of West Virginia and Ohio on US Route 22 The city of Weirton is located at 4025N 8035W 4041 8058 It extends from the Ohio border on the west to the Pennsylvania border on the east at a point where the northern extension of West Virginia is five miles across Therefore it is one of only three cities in the United States that borders two other states on two sides and its own state on the other two sides the others being Hancock Maryland and Pittsburg New Hampshire Weirton is across the Ohio River from Steubenville Ohio and about 35 miles west of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania along US Route 22 Pittsburgh International Airport is less than 30 miles away With the opening of Pennsylvania Route 576 from US 22 to the airport in October 2006 the highway distance to the airport has decreased to about 20 miles According to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 1926 square miles 4988 km 2 of which 1805 square miles 4675 km 2 is land and 121 square miles 313 km 2 is water Surrounding areas Weirton has three borders including the cities of Follansbee to the south and New Cumberland to the north and the PennsylvaniaWashington County township of Hanover to the east Weirton is also adjacent to Steubenville Ohio and is directly accessible via the Veterans Memorial Bridge US Route 22 Climate Climate data for Weirton West Virginia Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high F C 75 24 77 25 84 29 89 32 93 34 98 37 102 39 100 38 101 38 91 33 85 29 77 25 102 39 Average high F C 36 2 40 4 51 11 62 17 72 22 80 27 83 28 82 28 75 24 64 18 52 11 41 5 62 16 Average low F C 20 7 23 5 30 1 39 4 49 9 58 14 63 17 62 17 55 13 43 6 34 1 25 4 42 5 Record low F C 22 30 8 22 1 18 15 9 24 4 34 1 43 6 40 4 33 1 19 7 1 18 14 26 22 30 Average precipitation inches mm 285 72 246 62 329 84 320 81 411 104 437 111 426 108 384 98 326 83 253 64 338 86 300 76 4055 1029 Source weathercom Annual Average High Temperatures 82 F summer 40 F winter Annual Average Low Temperatures 60 F summer 25 F winter Highest Recorded Temperature 102 F 1988 Lowest Recorded Temperature 22 F 1994 Warmest Month July Coolest Month January Highest Precipitation June Annual Precipitation 4055 inches Demographics Historical population Census Pop 1950 24005 1960 28201 175 1970 27131 38 1980 24736 88 1990 22124 106 2000 20411 77 2010 19746 33 Est 2016 18989 38 US Decennial Census 2014 Estimate By 2011 the city and its two counties had attracted the attention of the New York Times which noted the town was dwindling in population The article reported that Brooke County had just 71 live births for every 100 deaths and that Hancock County was in similar straits This has led the article claimed to a reduction in civic institutions 2010 census As of the census of 2010 there were 19746 people 8839 households and 5507 families residing in the city The population density was 10940 inhabitants per square mile 4224km 2 There were 9645 housing units at an average density of 5343 per square mile 2063km 2 The racial makeup of the city was 937 White 39 African American 01 Native American 05 Asian 02 from other races and 16 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10 of the population There were 8839 households of which 248 had children under the age of 18 living with them 448 were married couples living together 130 had a female householder with no husband present 45 had a male householder with no wife present and 377 were nonfamilies 329 of all households were made up of individuals and 151 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 222 and the average family size was 278 The median age in the city was 46 years 194 of residents were under the age of 18 63 were between the ages of 18 and 24 23 were from 25 to 44 308 were from 45 to 64 and 206 were 65 years of age or older The gender makeup of the city was 473 male and 527 female 2000 census As of the census of 2000 there were 20411 people 8958 households and 5885 families residing in the city The population density was 11422 people per square mile 4410km There were 9546 housing units at an average density of 5342 per square mile 2063km The racial makeup of the city was 9452 White 386 African American 011 Native American 059 Asian 001 Pacific Islander 014 from other races and 077 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 068 of the population There were 8958 households out of which 238 had children under the age of 18 living with them 514 were married couples living together 106 had a female householder with no husband present and 343 were nonfamilies 308 of all households were made up of individuals and 159 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 225 and the average family size was 279 In the city the population was spread out with 192 under the age of 18 66 from 18 to 24 265 from 25 to 44 254 from 45 to 64 and 223 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 44 years For every 100 females there were 886 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 856 males The median income for a household in the city was 35212 and the median income for a family was 42466 Males had a median income of 37129 versus 19745 for females The per capita income for the city was 18853 About 80 of families and 103 of the population were below the poverty line including 140 of those under age 18 and 79 of those age 65 or over Government The following people have been elected Mayor of Weirton since the citys incorporation in 1947 Thomas E Millsop 19471955 Samuel Kusic 19551959 David T Frew 19591963 Frank A Rybka 19631971 Mike A Andochick Jr 19711979 Donald T Mentzer 19791987 Edwin J Bowman 19871995 Dean M Harris 19952003 William M Miller 20032007 Mark Harris 20072011 George Kondik 20112015 Harold Bubba Miller 2015present Police There have been three fatal shootings by police officers in the history of the Weirton department The third in 2016 was a case of suicide by cop The first officer on the scene recognized the situation determined that the situation posed no immediate threat and started talking to the distressed citizen who was holding an unloaded gun and telling the officer to Just shoot me An officer who arrived subsequently shot the man dead on his fourth attempt less than 10 seconds after arriving on the scene The police department fired the first officer for not killing the man first The police chief said in sworn testimony that although he had fired the officer for not shooting the man soon enough the departments policy prohibits officers from shooting people whom they believe do not pose a threat Shortly after this admission that the officer was fired for correctly following the department policy on the legitimate use of force the city settled a lawsuit for wrongful termination Economy Weirton Medical Center Historically Weirtons economy as well as that of the region was dominated by the steel industry with the biggest employer being ArcelorMittal Over the years as the steel industry declined the local economy has become more diversified with retail services and medical services recording the largest increases Weirton Medical Center is a large 238 bed hospital that services patients from all over the region and is one of the citys largest employers today employing over 1000 people Due to the areas close proximity to Pittsburgh Pennsylvania there is also a growing number of workers who work in Pittsburgh and commute from Weirton Popular culture Weirton was the subject of a photo essay Weirs Weirton in the Life issue of September 13 1937 The issues front cover featured a portrait of Ernest Tener Weir Weirton has attracted the attention of Hollywood filmmakers and writers on several occasions Weirton was one of several Ohio Valley towns that served as film locations for the acclaimed 1978 film The Deer Hunter starring Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep Six years later it served as the primary location for filming of Reckless starring Aidan Quinn and Daryl Hannah The movie Super 8 was filmed in downtown Weirton as well as many other places throughout the town in late September to mid October 2010 The town stood in for the fictional town of Lillian Ohio Disney featured Weirton briefly in its documentary Americas Heart and Soul During the excerpt employees of Weirton Steel discuss their concerns with foreign imports and what it is doing to the size of their mill Weirton was also the inspiration and guidance in the 1989 book No Star Nights According to the author biography included in the book author Anna Smucker drew upon her memories growing up in Weirton for a tale about childhood spent in an industrial town In the novel The Egyptian Cross Mystery Ellery Queen spent some time in Weirton while investigating a murder in the small village of Arroyo West Virginia Notable people James J Andrews Union spy during the Civil War Hollidays Cove Thais Blatnik journalist and politician Bob Gain football player Cleveland Browns 5264 1950 Outland Trophy winner U Kentucky Jerry A Hausman noted economist at MIT and developer of the Hausman specification test Bob Jeter football player Green Bay Packers and Chicago Bears 3time NFL champion Gary Jeter football player New York Giants Los Angeles Rams and New England Patriots Kevin Miller football player Minnesota Vikings and Birmingham Stallions Mike Rodak football player Cleveland Rams Detroit Lions and Pittsburgh Steelers Karen Staley singersongwriter Ernest T Weir founder National Steel Corporation Ronald Robert Williams Fritz basketball player West Virginia University San Francisco Warriors Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers Quincy Wilson football player West Virginia University Cincinnati Bengals See also West Virginia portal Pittsburgh portal List of cities and towns along the Ohio River Veterans Memorial Bridge Market Street Bridge Steubenville National Register of Historic Places listings in Hancock County West Virginia References a b US Gazetteer files 2010 United States Census Bureau Retrieved 20130124 a b American FactFinder United States Census Bureau Retrieved 20130124 a b Population and Housing Unit Estimates Retrieved June 9 2017 US Board on Geographic Names United States Geological Survey 20071025 Retrieved 20080131 Filming of Super 8 creates a buzz in Weirton WVa postgazettecom Retrieved 28 March 2018 Every Home a Fort Every Man a Warrior Michael Edward Nogay TriState Publishing Co 2009 9780578018621 Fundis Lois Alete 1992 Weirton History A SHORT HISTORY OF THE WEIRTON AREA Mary H Weir Public Library Weirton West Virginia Retrieved 20081030 Published since 20041026 National Park Service 20090313 National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service US Gazetteer files 2010 2000 and 1990 United States Census Bureau 20110212 Retrieved 20110423 Weathercom Weather Channel Historical Weather for Weirton West Virginia United States of America Retrieved December 17 2010 United States Census Bureau Census of Population and Housing Retrieved August 27 2013 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Retrieved June 19 2015 With Death Outpacing Birth a County Slows to a Shuffle by Sabrina Tavernise and Robert Gebeloff New York Times 7 May 2011 American FactFinder United States Census Bureau Retrieved 20080131 a b c d e f Sexton Joe 20181129 What Happened When A White Cop Decided Not to Shoot a Black Man ProPublica Retrieved 20181202 Johnson Anna Egan Smucker paintings by Steve 1994 No star Nights 1st Dragonfly Books ed New York Knopf 0679867244 External links City of Weirton Weirton Daily local newspaper History of Weirton v t e Municipalities and communities of Brooke County West Virginia United States County seat Wellsburg Cities Follansbee Weirton Wellsburg Town Bethany Villages Beech Bottom Windsor Heights CDP Hooverson Heights Unincorporated communities Arnold Bowman Coketown Colliers Dutch Town East Steubenville Fowlerstown Logrow Louise Power Rabbit Hill Rockdale Short Creek Virginville Footnotes This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties v t e Municipalities and communities of Hancock County West Virginia United States County seat New Cumberland Cities Chester New Cumberland Weirton CDP Newell Unincorporated communities Arroyo Blackhorse Braithewaite Chelsea Chestnut Hill Congo Fairhaven Hollidays Cove Kings Creek Lawrenceville Lennyville Marland Heights Moscow New Manchester Pleasant Valley Sun Valley Turkeyfoot Weircrest Weirton Heights Zalia Footnotes This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties v t e Municipalities of West Virginia Cities Beckley Benwood Bluefield Bridgeport Buckhannon Cameron Ceredo Charles Town Charleston Chester Clarksburg Dunbar Elkins Fairmont Follansbee Gary Glen Dale Grafton Hinton Huntington Hurricane Kenova Keyser Kingwood Lewisburg Logan Madison Mannington Marmet Martinsburg McMechen Montgomery Morgantown Moundsville Mount Hope Mullens New Cumberland New Martinsville Nitro Oak Hill Paden City Parkersburg Parsons Pennsboro Petersburg Philippi Pleasant Valley Point Pleasant Princeton Ranson Ravenswood Richwood Ripley Romney Ronceverte Salem Shinnston Sistersville Smithers South Charleston Spencer St Albans St Marys Stonewood Thomas Vienna War Weirton Welch Wellsburg Weston Westover Wheeling White Sulphur Springs Williamson Williamstown Towns Addison Webster Springs Albright Alderson Anawalt Anmoore Ansted Athens Auburn Bancroft Barrackville Belmont Bath Berkeley Springs Bayard Belington Belle Bethany Beverly Blacksville Bolivar Bradshaw Bramwell Brandonville Bruceton Mills Buffalo Burnsville Cairo CamdenonGauley Capon Bridge Carpendale Cedar Grove Chapmanville Chesapeake Clay Clendenin Cowen Danville Davis Davy Delbarton Durbin East Bank Eleanor Elizabeth Elk Garden Ellenboro Fairview Falling Spring Farmington Fayetteville Flatwoods Flemington Fort Gay Franklin Friendly Gassaway Gauley Bridge Gilbert Glasgow Glenville Grant Town Grantsville Granville Hambleton Hamlin Handley Harman Harpers Ferry Harrisville Hartford City Hedgesville Henderson Hendricks Hillsboro Hundred Huttonsville Iaeger Jane Lew Junior Kermit Kimball Leon Lester Lost Creek Lumberport Mabscott Man Marlinton Mason Masontown Matewan Matoaka Meadow Bridge Middlebourne Mill Creek Milton Mitchell Heights Monongah Montrose Moorefield New Haven Newburg North Hills Northfork Nutter Fort Oakvale Oceana Paw Paw Pax Peterstown Piedmont Pine Grove Pineville Poca Pratt Pullman Quinwood Rainelle Reedsville Reedy Ridgeley Rivesville Rowlesburg Rupert Sand Fork Shepherdstown Smithfield Sophia Star City Summersville Sutton Sylvester Terra Alta Thurmond Triadelphia Tunnelton Union Wardensville Wayne West Hamlin West Liberty West Logan West Milford West Union White Hall Whitesville Winfield Womelsdorf Coalton Worthington Villages Barboursville Beech Bottom Bethlehem Clearview Valley Grove Windsor Heights v t e The Northern Panhandle of West Virginia Counties Brooke Hancock Marshall Ohio Communities Beech Bottom Benwood Bethlehem Bethany Cameron Chester Clearview Follansbee Glen Dale McMechen Moundsville New Cumberland New Vrindaban Triadelphia Valley Grove Weirton Wellsburg West Liberty Wheeling Windsor Heights Attractions Bethany College Capitol Theatre Chester Teapot Grave Creek Mound Mountaineer Casino Racetrack and Resort Oglebay Park Palace of Gold Tomlinson Run State Park West Liberty University West Virginia Independence Hall West Virginia Northern Community College West Virginia State Penitentiary Wheeling Island Wheeling Island HotelCasinoRacetrack Wheeling Jesuit University Wheeling Suspension Bridge The Highlands v t e State of West Virginia Charleston capital Topics Cities Towns Villages Censusdesignated places History Environment People Government Governors Delegations Colleges and universities Tourist attractions Seal of West Virginia Society Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Elections Media Newspapers Radio TV Insignia Coat of arms Flag Motto Seal Regions Allegheny Mountains Allegheny Plateau BaltimoreWashington Metropolitan Area Blue Ridge Charleston Metropolitan Area Cumberland Plateau Cumberland Mountains Eastern Panhandle Huntington Metropolitan Area NorthCentral West Virginia Northern Panhandle Potomac Highlands RidgeandValley Appalachians Shenandoah Valley Southern West Virginia Metro areas Charleston Huntington Morgantown Martinsburg ParkersburgVienna Wheeling Winchester Weirton Largest cities Beckley Charleston Fairmont Huntington Martinsburg Morgantown Parkersburg Wheeling Weirton Counties Barbour Berkeley Boone Braxton Brooke Cabell Calhoun Clay Doddridge Fayette Gilmer Grant Greenbrier Hampshire Hancock Hardy Harrison Jackson Jefferson Kanawha Lewis Lincoln Logan Marion Marshall Mason McDowell Mercer Mineral Mingo Monongalia Monroe Morgan Nicholas Ohio Pendleton Pleasants Pocahontas Preston Putnam Raleigh Randolph Ritchie Roane Summers Taylor Tucker Tyler Upshur Wayne Webster Wetzel Wirt Wood Wyoming Categories Weirton West Virginia Cities in West Virginia Cities in Brooke County West Virginia Cities in Hancock County West Virginia Populated places established in 1947 1947 establishments in West Virginia West Virginia populated places on the Ohio River

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weirton
west virginia
northern panhandle


Whittaker function From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia In mathematics a Whittaker function is a special solution of Whittakers equation a modified form of the confluent hypergeometric equation introduced by Whittaker 1904 to make the formulas involving the solutions more symmetric More generally Jacquet 1966 1967 introduced Whittaker functions of reductive groups over local fields where the functions studied by Whittaker are essentially the case where the local field is the real numbers and the group is SL 2 R Whittakers equation is It has a regular singular point at 0 and an irregular singular point at Two solutions are given by the Whittaker functions M κμ z W κμ z defined in terms of Kummers confluent hypergeometric functions M and U by The Whittaker functions and are the same as those with opposite values of μ in other words considered as a function of μ at fixed κ and z they are even functions When κ and z are real the functions give real values for real and imaginary values of μ These functions of μ play a role in socalled Kummer spaces Whittaker functions appear as coefficients of certain representations of the group SL 2 R called Whittaker models References Louis de Branges 1968 Hilbert spaces of entire functions PrenticeHall ASIN B0006BUXNM Sections 5557 Abramowitz Milton Stegun Irene Ann eds 1983 June 1964 Chapter 13 Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas Graphs and Mathematical Tables Applied Mathematics Series 55 Ninth reprint with additional corrections of tenth original printing with corrections December 1972 first ed Washington DC New York United States Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards Dover Publications pp 504 537 9780486612720 LCCN 6460036 MR LCCN 6512253 See also chapter 14 Bateman Harry 1953 Higher transcendental functions PDF 1 McGrawHill Brychkov YuA Prudnikov AP 2001 1994 Whittaker function in Hazewinkel Michiel Encyclopedia of Mathematics Springer ScienceBusiness Media BV Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN 9781556080104 Daalhuis Adri B Olde 2010 Whittaker function in Olver Frank W J Lozier Daniel M Boisvert Ronald F Clark Charles W NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521192255 MR 2723248 Jacquet Hervé 1966 Une interprétation géométrique et une généralisation Padique des fonctions de Whittaker en théorie des groupes semisimples Comptes Rendus de lAcadémie des Sciences Série A et B 262 A943A945 ISSN 01510509 MR 0200390 Jacquet Hervé 1967 Fonctions de Whittaker associées aux groupes de Chevalley Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France 95 243309 ISSN 00379484 MR 0271275 Rozov NKh 2001 1994 Whittaker equation in Hazewinkel Michiel Encyclopedia of Mathematics Springer ScienceBusiness Media BV Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN 9781556080104 Slater Lucy Joan 1960 Confluent hypergeometric functions Cambridge University Press MR 0107026 Whittaker Edmund T 1904 An expression of certain known functions as generalized hypergeometric functions Bulletin of the AMS Providence RI American Mathematical Society 10 125134 Categories Special hypergeometric functions

B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


William F Harrah From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia William F Harrah Born William Fisk Harrah September 2 1911 South Pasadena California US Died June 30 1978 aged 66 Rochester Minnesota US Cause of death Complications from aortic aneurysm and cardiac surgery Resting place Hailey Cemetery Hailey Idaho US Alma mater University of California Los Angeles did not graduate Occupation Founder Harrahs Hotel and Casinos Spouses Thelma Batchelor m 1940 div 1948 Scherry Teague m 1948 div 1969 Bobbie Gentry m 1969 div 1970 Mary Burger m 1970 div 1971 Roxanna Carlson m 1972 div 1973 Verna Rae Harrison m 1974 William Fisk Harrah September 2 1911 June 30 1978 was an American businessman and the founder of Harrahs Hotel and Casinos now part of Caesars Entertainment Corporation Early years and education Harrah was born in South Pasadena California the son of an attorney and politician From his early years Harrah was a driven individual When the car his father bought him was stolen and stripped he vowed to his sister that one day he would own a duplicate of every automobile the family had ever owned Now there is a William F Harrah Automobile Museum in downtown Reno Nevada He studied mechanical engineering at UCLA where he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity He was forced to drop out when the Great Depression of the late 1920s hit and soon began work at various family businesses including a pool hall a hot dog stand shooting gallery and a bingostyle operation called the Reno Game The move to gaming Bingo was illegal in California but games of skill based on bingo were legal The Reno or Circle Game involved rolling a ball down a board where it would register a card suit and number If one of the 33 players seated in a circle around the board matched a fourcard sequence he or she won unless they were a shill working for the house The use of shills to fill the games upset players but John Harrah felt they were necessary The Reno Game was shut down several times by local authorities but each time lawyer John Harrah would get his permit reinstated Still the cost of doing business was high When twentyyearold Bill told his father he should get rid of the shills and put more money into the business John challenged him to run the operation by himself Bill said Dad that would suit me just fine and paid his father 500 for the business He then headed down to the pier and fired the shills In the course of just three years Harrah made the 100aweek game into a 25000 per year business However Bill grew tired of fighting the politicians and wanted to expand his operations into Reno On October 29 1937 he opened his first club at 124 North Center Street called Harrahs Club Bingo The location was two blocks from the Bank Club and Palace Club that dominated gaming in Reno As the locals expected his tiny tango bingo parlor closedup fast lasting only until November the 15th In July 1938 Bill opened another bingo parlor this time closer to the action called Harrahs Plaza Tango Virgil Smith was the main financier and a partner in the operation and also in the club that opened in 1938 called the Plaza Tango at 14 East Commercial Row Two months later Harrah found a better location at 242 North Virginia Street close to Harolds Club called Ed Howes Tango Club After a sitdown with Nick Abelman Bill Graham and Jim McKay Harrah waited to be accepted into the Reno gaming fraternity Eventually Cal Custer a respected exbootlegger and a longtime confidant of John Harrah stood up for Bill His new business ventures were given the green light after a cash payment was made Ed Howe wanted 25000 for his Tango Club but accepted just 1000 from Harrah now that he was a part of Bill Grahams group Over time Harrah tried other locations and expanded his casino on Virginia Street several times A hotel tower opened in 1969 At Lake Tahoe Harrah purchased Georges Gateway Club in 1955 to expanded his empire Harrahowned properties included the Lake Club on the lake side of highway 50 Harrahs Tahoe on the mountain side at the old Stateline Country Club The hotel tower opened in 1973 Harrah also owned the Zephyr Cove restaurant past Cave Rock which offered slots and blackjack Harrah expanded to Las Vegas in 1973 by purchasing the Holiday Casino on the Las Vegas Strip from Shelby and Claudine Williams The property was close to the successful Sands Casino and across from where the Mirage now stands Harrah trusted his top executives and while he spent time walking his properties and demanding that things were perfect he delegated authority and his managers appreciated his trust in their ability to manage his properties Influence and legacy Harrah used his influence to create the Nevada Gaming Control Board in 1955 an organization designed to regulate gaming in Nevada In 1959 Harrah helped create an even stronger Gaming Commission to rid the states casinos of corruption Harrah was known for his relations with both his customers and employees He was the first to invite AfricanAmerican entertainers to perform in his casinos and welcome all races He removed the color and sexual barrier by hiring women as dealers as well as other employees regardless of skin color or gender The main theater in Harrahs Reno was named Sammys Showroom after entertainer Sammy Davis Jr whose Duesenberg replica now resides in the museum that bears Harrahs name and actorcomedian Bill Cosby recalls Harrah as a good friend The William F Harrah College of Hotel Administration is named after him Harrah had an extensive collection of cars Many of his cars enjoyed best or oneofa kind status Some notable mentions in his collection were the two Bugatti Type 41s a Phantom Corsair two Ferraris among several others In 1966 his 1931 Bugatti Type 41 Coupe de Ville won Best of Show at Pebble Beach After his death Holiday Inn acquired Harrahs of which the car collection was part of The bulk of the collection were sold at several auctions between 19841986 for more than 100 million An outcry by the people of Reno and Sparks led to Holiday Inn donating 175 vehicles to establish the National Automobile Museum in Reno Nevada a collection also referred to as The Harrah Collection Some cars were also donated to form the Imperial Palace Auto Collection in Las Vegas Personal life Harrah was married seven times to six women including the singersongwriter Bobbie Gentry in 1969 With exwife Scherry whom he married twice he adopted two boys named John and Tony His widow Verna worked as a film producer on such features as Anaconda The highest Total Rewards Card Tier Seven Stars was named after his seven wives Death Harrah died in Rochester Minnesota at the age of 66 during a cardiac surgery operation to repair an aortic aneurysm See also Biography portal Jerrari Caesars Entertainment Corporation References Moe Albert Woods 2001 Nevadas Golden Age of Gambling Puget Sound Books p 84 0971501904 Kling Dwayne 2010 The Rise Of The Biggest Little City University of Nevada Press pp 7173 9780874178296 Is 10 million too expensive for a used car Nevada Appeal July 24 2015 Renos Gaming Leader Dies Reno GazetteJournal July 1 1978 Oliver Myrna September 20 2000 Scherry Harrah Helped Casino Tycoon Husband in His Ventures Los Angeles Times William F Harrah 67 Is Dead Was a Casino Pioneer in Nevada The New York Times United Press International July 2 1978 p 18 Further reading Mendel Leon 1982 William Fisk Harrah The Life and Times of a Gambling Magnate Doubleday 0385155131 Moe Albert Woods 2013 Mob City Reno Amazon 9781493556922 Kling Dwayne King R T Larson Mary eds 1999 Every Light Was on Bill Harrah and His Clubs Remembered University of Nevada Oral History 9781564753755 External links William F Harrah at Find a Grave v t e Caesars Entertainment Corporation Authority control LCCN n81042591 SNAC w6001js4 VIAF 18540773 WorldCat Identities via VIAF 18540773 Categories 1911 births 1978 deaths Businesspeople from California American casino industry businesspeople Caesars Entertainment Corporation Deaths from aortic aneurysm People from South Pasadena California UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni 20thcentury American businesspeople American car collectors

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

american businessman
caesars entertainment corporation


Wolf and Shepherd From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Wolf Shepherd Type Private Founded 2014 Founder Justin Schneider Headquarters Los Angeles California US Products Dress shoe wolfandshepherd com Wolf and Shepherd styled Wolf Shepherd is a mens dress shoe company The company designs and sells Italian leather dress shoes using technology found in running sneakers Wolf Shepherd was founded in 2014 in Jacksonville Beach Florida In early 2017 Wolf Shepherd relocated its headquarters to Los Angeles California where the company continues to operate History Wolf Shepherd was founded in 2014 by footwear designer Justin Schneider Prior to starting the company Schneider was a decathlete competing for the University of Notre Dame After retiring from competition Schneider spent five years designing performance shoes and technology for footwear companies such as Adidas Reebok and New Balance The idea for Wolf Shepherd came when Schneider wanted to update traditionally uncomfortable dress shoes A friend of Schneiders made complaints about the discomfort his wood and nails dress shoes caused him on his commute to work Schneider began designing prototypes and experimenting with different technologies Wolf Shepherd shoes are designed using HDEVA cushioning found in running shoes a proprietary blend of memory foam and a carbonfiber stability arch to provide stability and reduce the weight of the shoe Schneider took the 25000 grand prize at the Mccloskey Business Plan Competition sponsored by the Mendoza College of Business at Notre Dame In 2016 company competed in the Cupids Cup Entrepreneur competition in Baltimore hosted by Under Armour CEO Kevin Plank In June 2016 23 year old Juris Silenieks won the Hotline HalfMarathon in Atlanta Georgia wearing a pair of Wolf Shepherd Honey Cap Toe LaceUp shoes Silenieks finishing time was named The Fastest HalfMarathon Won in Dress Shoes Founder Justin Schneider was named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 Class of 2017 in the category of Retail in Ecommerce Products Wolf and Shepherd shoes are designed and crafted using Italian calfskin Parisian waxes and running shoe technology developed in Los Angeles California The shoes are handsewn in Porto Portugal Wolf and Shepherd offers various dress shoe styles including laceups loafers and boots References a b Hixon Michael Former Adidas designer puts sneaker technology into mens dress shoes The Beach Reporter Retrieved 27 March 2018 Runner Sets Fastest Half Marathon Record In Dress Shoes Mens Journal 14 June 2016 Retrieved 27 March 2018 A former Adidas designer has reinvented the dress shoe to be as comfortable as sneakers Business Insider Retrieved 27 March 2018 a b Bhola Sachin Wolf Shepherd Shoes Our Favorite Pieces For Fall AskMen Retrieved 27 March 2018 Neuman Phoebe 12 October 2017 Why Wolf Shepherds WearEverywhere Shoes Need to Be on Your Style Radar Robb Report Retrieved 27 March 2018 Miller Kirk These Italian Leather Dress Shoes Are as Comfy as Sneakers InsideHookcom Retrieved 27 March 2018 Shoe shines Mendoza College of Business Retrieved 27 March 2018 Shoe venture moves into finals of Kevin Planks Cupids Cup competition Mendoza College of Business Retrieved 27 March 2018 23yearold runs half marathon in world record time in dress shoes USA Today 18 June 2016 Retrieved 27 March 2018 Runner Sets Fastest Half Marathon Record In Dress Shoes Mens Journal 14 June 2016 Retrieved 27 March 2018 Buteau Mike Wall Streets Fastest Performance Dress Shoes Set Half Marathon Record Forbes Retrieved 27 March 2018 Runner sets record for half marathon in dress shoes Sports Illustrated Retrieved 27 March 2018 30 Under 30 2017 Retail Ecommerce Forbes Retrieved 27 March 2018 Lacina Linda 12 October 2017 How This Entrepreneur and Shoe Designer Went From Cold Calls to 500 Percent Growth Entrepreneurcom Retrieved 27 March 2018 Save on the most comfortable dress shoes weve worn and more of todays best deals Business Insider Retrieved 27 March 2018 Categories Shoe companies of the United States

B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


World Police and Fire Games From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia World Police and Fire Games logo Status active Genre sports event Frequency biennial Locations various Inaugurated 1985 Ice Hockey at the 2015 games in Fairfax Virginia The World Police and Fire Games WPFG is a biennial athletic event open to active and retired law enforcement and fire service personnel throughout the world The WPFG Federation is an arm of the California Police Athletic Federation CPAF an American nonprofit organization The Games attract approximately 10000 entrants slightly fewer than the Summer Olympic Games and exceeding the third position holder the Commonwealth Games In the early 2010s The United Kingdom hosted all three events consecutively the 2012 Summer Olympics in London England followed by the 2013 World Police and Fire Games in Belfast Northern Ireland and ending with Glasgow Scotland hosting the 2014 Commonwealth Games the first time all three events have been hosted by the same nation consecutively The host city of the 2015 World Police and Fire Game was Fairfax County Virginia in the United States with venues located around the Washington metropolitan area Contents 1 History 2 Games 3 4 External links History French team in New York on a day a hurricane cancelled competition in 2011 The California Police Olympics were first held in 1967 The concept evolved over the years and led to the creation of the World Police Fire Games Federationa nonprofit organization run by the Californian Police Athletics Federationin 1983 Two years later in 1985 the first World Police Fire Games were held in San Jose California USA with nearly 5000 competitors The largest WPFG games to date was held in New York New York USA with over 16000 athletes in attendance from 59 nations The most successful and best organised was in Belfast Northern Ireland in 2013 It was described by the President of the World Police and Fire Games Federation Mike Graham as the friendliest and best Games ever The Montreal Firefighters Association has called for a boycott of the 2017 Games which are to be held in their own city in protest against forced changes to their collective agreements and pension funds by the City of Montreal and the Quebec provincial government Labor unions representing over 100000 firefighters and civil servants have joined Montreals firefighters in this boycott Games Edition Year City Country 1 1985 San Jose California United States 2 1987 San Diego California United States 3 1989 Vancouver Canada 4 1991 Memphis Tennessee United States 5 1993 Colorado Springs United States 6 1995 Melbourne Australia 7 1997 Calgary Canada 8 1999 Stockholm Sweden 9 2001 Indianapolis United States 10 2003 Barcelona Spain 11 2005 Québec City Canada 12 2007 Adelaide Australia 13 2009 Burnaby Canada 14 2011 New York City United States 15 2013 Belfast Northern Ireland 16 2015 Fairfax County United States 17 2017 Los Angeles United States 18 2019 Chengdu China 19 2021 Rotterdam Netherlands 20 2023 Winnipeg Canada References External links WPFG 2017 Official Website Los Angeles 2017 World Police and Fire Games official website WPFG 2015 official website Fairfax 2015 World Police and Fire Games official website WPFG 2013 official website World Police and Fire Games 2013 Belfast official website WPFG 2009 Photo Galleries California Police Athletic Federation CPAF official website California Police Athletic Federation CPAF official website United States Police and Fire Championships CPAF official website v t e Firefighting v t e Multisport events Categories Firefighting competitions Law enforcement Multisport events Recurring sporting events established in 1985 Workers sport

B I I I I O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O B I I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

world police and fire games
biennial athletic event


Wycliffes

Bible

From

Wikipedia

the

free

encyclopedia

Wycliffes

Bible

Wycliffes

Bible

at

Wikisource

Genesis

John

Wycliffes

Bible

is

the

name

now

given

to

a

group

of

Bible

translations

into

Middle

English

that

were

made

under

the

direction

of

John

Wycliffe

They

appeared

over

a

period

from

approximately

to

These

Bible

translations

were

the

chief

inspiration

and

chief

cause

of

the

Lollard

movement

a

pre

Reformation

movement

that

rejected

many

of

the

distinctive

teachings

of

the

Roman

Catholic

Church

In

the

early

Middle

Ages

most

Western

Christian

people

encountered

the

Bible

only

in

the

form

of

oral

versions

of

scriptures

verses

and

homilies

in

Latin

other

sources

were

mystery

plays

usually

conducted

in

the

vernacular

and

popular

iconography

Though

relatively

few

people

could

read

at

this

time

Wycliffes

idea

was

to

translate

the

Bible

into

the

vernacular

saying

it

helpeth

Christian

men

to

study

the

Gospel

in

that

tongue

in

which

they

know

best

Christs

sentence

Long

thought

to

be

the

work

of

Wycliffe

himself

the

Wycliffe

translations

are

now

generally

believed

to

be

the

work

of

several

hands

Nicholas

of

Hereford

is

known

to

have

translated

a

part

of

the

text

John

Purvey

and

perhaps

John

Trevisa

are

names

that

have

been

mentioned

as

possible

authors

The

translators

worked

from

the

Vulgate

the

Latin

Bible

that

was

the

standard

Biblical

text

of

Western

Christianity

and

the

text

conforms

fully

with

Catholic

teaching

They

included

in

the

testaments

those

works

which

would

later

be

called

the

Apocrypha

by

most

Protestants

referred

to

as

deuterocanonical

by

Roman

Catholics

and

some

Anglicans

along

with

Esdras

which

is

now

called

Esdras

and

Pauls

epistle

to

the

Laodiceans

Although

unauthorised

the

work

was

popular

Wycliffe

Bible

texts

are

the

most

common

manuscript

literature

in

Middle

English

More

than

manuscripts

of

the

Wycliffe

Bible

survive

One

copy

sold

at

auction

on

December

for

US

The

association

between

Wycliffes

Bible

and

Lollardy

caused

the

Kingdom

of

England

and

the

established

Catholic

Church

in

England

to

undertake

a

drastic

campaign

to

suppress

it

In

the

early

years

of

the

century

Henry

IV

in

his

statute

De

haeretico

comburendo

Archbishop

Thomas

Arundel

and

Henry

Knighton

published

criticism

and

enacted

some

of

the

severest

religious

censorship

laws

in

Europe

at

that

time

Even

twenty

years

after

Wycliffes

death

at

the

Oxford

Convocation

of

it

was

solemnly

voted

that

no

new

translation

of

the

Bible

should

be

made

without

prior

approval

However

as

the

text

translated

in

the

various

versions

of

the

Wycliffe

Bible

was

the

Latin

Vulgate

and

as

it

contained

no

heterodox

readings

there

was

in

practice

no

way

by

which

the

ecclesiastical

authorities

could

distinguish

the

banned

version

and

consequently

many

Catholic

commentators

of

the

and

centuries

such

as

Thomas

More

took

these

manuscript

English

Bibles

to

represent

an

anonymous

earlier

orthodox

translation

Consequently

manuscripts

of

the

Wycliffe

Bible

which

when

inscribed

with

a

date

always

purport

to

precede

the

date

of

the

ban

circulated

freely

and

were

widely

used

by

clergy

and

laity

Contents

Wycliffe

as

a

Bible

translator

Versions

Church

reaction

and

controversy

Influence

on

subsequent

English

Bibles

In

popular

culture

See

also

External

links

Wycliffe

as

a

Bible

translator

It

is

questioned

whether

Wycliffe

himself

translated

the

whole

Bible

In

any

case

it

is

certain

that

in

the

fifteenth

century

portions

of

the

Scriptures

were

called

Wycliffite

Supporters

of

the

view

that

Wycliffe

did

translate

the

Bible

hold

that

when

Wycliffe

took

on

the

challenge

of

translating

he

was

breaking

a

longheld

belief

that

no

person

should

translate

the

Bible

on

their

own

initiative

without

approval

of

the

Church

It

is

said

that

his

frustrations

drove

him

to

ignore

this

and

that

Wycliffe

believed

that

studying

the

Bible

was

more

important

than

listening

to

it

read

by

the

clergy

At

that

time

people

mainly

heard

the

Bible

at

church

since

they

did

not

know

how

to

read

and

the

Bible

was

costly

before

the

printing

press

It

is

certain

though

that

the

Bible

itself

was

familiar

even

to

laymen

in

the

fourteenth

century

and

that

the

whole

of

the

New

Testament

at

least

could

be

read

in

translations

Also

during

the

Middle

Ages

one

who

could

read

could

read

Latin

also

and

those

who

could

not

read

Latin

usually

could

not

read

at

all

Wycliffe

believed

every

Christian

should

study

the

Bible

When

he

met

with

opposition

to

the

translation

he

replied

Christ

and

his

apostles

taught

the

people

in

that

tongue

that

was

best

known

to

them

Why

should

men

not

do

so

now

For

one

to

have

a

personal

relationship

with

God

Wycliffe

believed

that

need

to

be

described

in

the

Bible

Wycliffe

also

believed

that

it

was

necessary

to

return

to

the

primitive

state

of

the

New

Testament

in

order

to

truly

reform

the

Church

So

one

must

be

able

to

read

the

Bible

to

understand

those

times

Wycliffite

versions

of

the

Bible

were

sometimes

condemned

as

such

by

the

Catholic

Church

because

a

Wycliffite

preface

had

been

added

to

an

orthodox

translation

Versions

There

are

two

distinct

versions

of

Wycliffes

Bible

that

have

been

written

The

earlier

was

translated

during

the

life

of

Wycliffe

while

the

later

version

is

regarded

as

the

work

of

John

Purvey

Since

the

printing

press

was

not

invented

yet

there

exist

only

a

very

few

copies

of

Wycliffes

earlier

Bible

The

earlier

Bible

is

a

rigid

and

literal

translation

of

the

Latin

Vulgate

Bible

and

Wycliffes

view

of

theology

is

closer

to

realism

than

to

the

spiritual

This

version

was

translated

word

for

word

which

often

led

to

confusion

or

meaninglessness

It

was

aimed

towards

the

less

learned

clergymen

and

the

laymen

while

the

second

more

coherent

version

was

aimed

towards

all

literates

It

is

important

to

note

that

after

the

translations

the

illiterate

and

poor

still

usually

lacked

the

access

to

the

Scripture

the

translation

originally

cost

four

marks

and

forty

pence

ie

two

pounds

sixteen

shillings

and

eightpence

During

Wycliffes

time

Bibles

were

also

used

as

a

lawcode

which

dominated

civil

law

giving

extreme

power

to

the

church

and

religious

leaders

who

knew

Latin

The

literal

taste

of

the

earlier

translation

was

used

to

give

Wycliffes

Bible

an

authoritative

tone

The

earlier

version

is

said

to

be

written

by

Wycliffe

himself

and

Nicholas

of

Hereford

Surviving

copies

of

the

Wycliffite

Bible

fall

into

two

broad

textual

families

an

early

version

and

a

later

version

Both

versions

are

flawed

by

a

slavish

regard

to

the

word

order

and

syntax

of

the

Latin

originals

the

later

versions

give

some

indication

of

being

revised

in

the

direction

of

idiomatic

English

A

wide

variety

of

Middle

English

dialects

are

represented

The

second

revised

group

of

texts

is

much

larger

than

the

first

Some

manuscripts

contain

parts

of

the

Bible

in

the

earlier

version

and

other

parts

in

the

later

version

this

suggests

that

the

early

version

may

have

been

meant

as

a

rough

draft

that

was

to

be

recast

into

the

somewhat

better

English

of

the

second

version

The

second

version

though

somewhat

improved

still

retained

a

number

of

infelicities

of

style

as

in

its

version

of

Genesis

Latin

Vulgate

Dixitque

Deus

fiat

lux

et

facta

est

lux

Early

Wycliffe

And

God

seide

Be

maad

liȝt

and

maad

is

liȝt

Later

Wycliffe

And

God

seide

Liȝt

be

maad

and

liȝt

was

maad

DouayRheims

And

God

said

Be

light

made

And

light

was

made

The

familiar

verse

of

John

is

rendered

in

the

later

Wycliffe

version

as

Later

Wycliffe

For

God

louede

so

the

world

that

he

ȝaf

his

oon

bigetun

sone

that

ech

man

that

bileueth

in

him

perische

not

but

haue

euerlastynge

lijf

King

James

Version

For

God

so

loved

the

world

that

he

gave

his

only

begotten

Son

that

whosoever

believeth

in

him

should

not

perish

but

have

everlasting

life

The

later

revised

version

of

Wycliffes

Bible

was

issued

ten

to

twelve

years

after

Wycliffes

death

This

version

is

translated

by

John

Purvey

who

diligently

worked

on

the

translation

of

Wycliffes

Bible

as

can

be

seen

in

the

General

Prologue

where

Purvey

explains

the

methodology

of

translating

holy

scriptures

He

describes

four

rules

all

translators

should

acknowledge

Firstly

the

translator

must

be

sure

of

the

text

he

is

translating

This

he

has

done

by

comparing

many

old

copies

of

the

Latin

bible

to

assure

authenticity

of

the

text

Secondly

the

translator

must

study

the

text

in

order

to

understand

the

meaning

Purvey

explains

that

one

can

not

translate

a

text

without

having

a

grasp

of

what

is

being

read

Third

the

translator

must

consult

grammar

diction

and

reference

works

to

understand

rare

and

unfamiliar

words

Fourth

once

the

translator

understands

the

text

translation

begins

by

not

giving

a

literal

interpretation

but

expressing

the

meaning

of

the

text

Church

reaction

and

controversy

At

this

time

the

Peasants

Revolt

was

running

full

force

as

the

people

of

England

united

to

rebel

against

the

unfairness

of

the

English

Parliament

and

its

favouring

of

the

wealthier

classes

William

Courtenay

the

Archbishop

of

Canterbury

was

able

to

turn

both

the

church

and

Parliament

against

Wycliffe

by

falsely

stating

that

his

writings

and

his

influence

were

fuelling

the

peasants

involved

in

the

revolt

It

was

actually

John

Ball

another

priest

who

was

involved

in

the

revolt

and

merely

quoted

Wycliffe

in

one

of

his

speeches

The

Church

and

Parliaments

anger

towards

Wycliffes

heresy

led

them

to

form

the

Blackfriars

Synod

in

order

to

remove

Wycliffe

from

Oxford

Although

this

Synod

was

initially

delayed

by

an

earthquake

that

Wycliffe

himself

believed

symbolised

the

judgement

of

God

it

eventually

reconvened

At

this

synod

Wycliffes

writings

Biblical

and

otherwise

were

quoted

and

criticised

for

heresy

This

Synod

ultimately

resulted

in

King

Richard

II

ruling

that

Wycliffe

be

removed

from

Oxford

and

that

all

who

preached

or

wrote

against

Catholicism

be

imprisoned

Then

later

on

after

John

Wycliffe

was

dead

The

Council

of

Constance

declared

Wycliffe

on

May

a

heretic

and

under

the

ban

of

the

Church

It

was

decreed

that

his

books

be

burned

and

his

remains

be

exhumed

In

at

the

command

of

Pope

Martin

V

Wycliffes

remains

were

dug

up

burned

and

the

ashes

cast

into

the

River

Swift

which

flows

through

Lutterworth

This

is

the

most

final

of

all

posthumous

attacks

on

John

Wycliffe

but

previous

attempts

had

been

made

before

the

Council

of

Constance

The

AntiWycliffite

Statute

of

extended

persecution

to

Wycliffes

remaining

followers

The

Constitutions

of

Oxford

of

aimed

to

reclaim

authority

in

all

ecclesiastical

matters

specifically

naming

John

Wycliffe

in

a

ban

on

certain

writings

and

noting

that

translation

of

Scripture

into

English

by

unlicensed

laity

is

a

crime

punishable

by

charges

of

heresy

Influence

on

subsequent

English

Bibles

Although

Wycliffes

Bible

circulated

widely

in

the

later

Middle

Ages

it

had

very

little

influence

on

the

first

English

biblical

translations

of

the

reformation

era

such

as

those

of

William

Tyndale

and

Miles

Coverdale

as

it

had

been

translated

from

the

Latin

Vulgate

rather

than

the

original

Greek

and

Hebrew

and

consequently

it

was

generally

ignored

in

later

English

Protestant

biblical

scholarship

The

earliest

printed

edition

of

the

New

Testament

only

was

by

John

Lewis

in

However

due

to

the

common

use

of

surviving

manuscripts

of

Wycliffes

Bible

as

works

of

an

unknown

Catholic

translator

this

version

continued

to

circulate

among

English

Catholics

and

many

of

its

renderings

of

the

Vulgate

into

English

were

adopted

by

the

translators

of

the

Rheims

New

Testament

Since

the

Rheims

version

was

itself

to

be

consulted

by

the

translators

working

for

King

James

a

number

of

readings

from

Wycliffes

Bible

did

find

their

way

into

the

Authorized

King

James

Version

of

the

Bible

at

second

hand

In

popular

culture

Jorge

Luis

Borges

mentions

Wycliffes

Bible

in

his

short

story

The

Book

of

Sand

where

he

calls

it

the

Blackletter

Wyclif

in

reference

to

the

Blackletter

script

used

to

write

the

publication

See

also

General

Prologue

of

the

Wycliffe

Bible

References

Versions

of

the

Bible

Catholic

Encyclopedia

New

advent

Robinson

Henry

Wheeler

The

Bible

in

its

Ancient

and

English

Versions

Westport

CT

USA

Greenwood

Press

pp

Wycliffite

New

Testament

in

the

Later

Version

in

Middle

English

Sothebys

Sothebys

Retrieved

December

John

Wyclif

Catholic

Encyclopedia

John

Wyclif

Catholic

Encyclopedia

OHare

Patrick

F

The

Facts

about

Luther

TAN

Books

and

Publishers

John

Stacey

John

Wyclif

and

Reform

Westminster

Press

John

Wyclif

Catholic

Encyclopedia

Levy

Ian

C

Companion

to

John

Wyclif

Late

Medieval

Theologian

Brill

Academic

Publishers

p

Bruce

Frederick

Fyvie

April

John

Wycliffe

and

the

English

Bible

PDF

Churchman

Church

society

retrieved

March

The

Peasants

Revolt

and

the

Blackfriars

Trial

UK

LWBC

archived

from

the

original

on

October

retrieved

January

Borges

Jorge

Luis

El

Libro

de

Arena

E

P

Dutton

Publishing

ASIN

Further

reading

Daniell

David

The

Bible

in

English

Yale

Forshall

Josiah

Madden

Frederic

eds

The

Holy

Bible

Wycliffite

Versions

Oxford

Wycliffe

John

and

John

Purvey

Wycliffes

Bible

A

ModernSpelling

Version

of

their

Century

Translation

with

an

Introduction

by

Terence

P

Noble

Createspace

External

links

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James

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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O


Yadiel Rivera From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Yadiel Rivera Rivera with the Miami Marlins in 2018 Miami Marlins Infielder Born May 2 1992 age 26 Caguas Puerto Rico Bats Right Throws Right MLB debut September 22 2015 for the Milwaukee Brewers MLB statistics through 2018 season Batting average 176 Home runs 1 Runs batted in 12 Teams Milwaukee Brewers 2015 2017 Miami Marlins 2018 Yadiel Rivera born May 2 1992 is a Puerto Rican professional baseball infielder in the Miami Marlins organization He previously played for the Milwaukee Brewers Contents 1 Career 11 Milwaukee Brewers 12 Miami Marlins 2 3 External links Career Milwaukee Brewers Rivera was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the ninth round of the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft out of Manuela Toro High School in Caguas Puerto Rico He reached DoubleA for the first time in 2014 Rivera was added to the Brewers 40man roster on November 20 2014 Rivera made his Major League debut on September 22 2015 On September 4 2016 Rivera was recalled to the active roster from Class AAA Colorado Springs Sky Sox to back up the injured Jonathan Villar Rivera was designated for assignment by the Brewers on September 15 2017 He elected free agency on November 6 2017 Miami Marlins On November 24 2017 Rivera signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins Riveras contract was purchased by the Marlins on March 29 2018 and he was assigned to the Opening Day roster On July 7 2018 Rivera hit his first career home run at Nationals Park against Nationals starter Max Scherzer References Timber Rattlers 5 Captains 3 AllStar shortstops from Puerto Rico have formed quick bond newsheraldcom Retrieved November 20 2014 Timber Rattlers profile No 13 Yadiel Rivera shortstop postcrescentcom Retrieved November 20 2014 Tom Haudricourt Brewers add three minor leaguers to 40man roster jsonlinecom Retrieved November 20 2014 Yadiel Rivera Stats Highlights Bio MiLBcom Stats The Official Site of Minor League Baseball MiLBcom Retrieved 20170215 Brewers recall infielder Rivera FOX Sports FOX Sports 20160904 Retrieved 20170215 Adams Steve September 15 2017 Brewers Designate Yadiel Rivera For Assignment mlbtraderumorscom Retrieved September 15 2017 Frisaro Joe November 24 2017 Marlins ink Rivera Shuck to Minors deals MLBcom Retrieved December 15 2017 Marlins Yadiel Rivera Lands on Opening Day roster CBSSportscom Retrieved March 29 2018 External links Career statistics and player information from BaseballReference or BaseballReference Minors Categories 1992 births Living people People from Caguas Puerto Rico Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico Major League Baseball infielders Milwaukee Brewers players Miami Marlins players Arizona League Brewers players Helena Brewers players Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players Cangrejeros de Santurce baseball players Brevard County Manatees players Huntsville Stars players Biloxi Shuckers players Colorado Springs Sky Sox players

B I O O O O O B I O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

yadiel rivera
baseball infielder
miami marlins