Chrysler Navigation DVD Changer Radio Display Repair We repair all models of Chrysler and Dodge GPS CD Changer DVD Player If you do not see the model of your unit here please call 8187858085 2005 2008 CHRYSLER ASPEN 2005 2007 JEEP COMMANDER 2007 2008 JEEP PATRIOT 2007 2008 JEEP COMPASS 2005 2007 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE Chrysler Jeep Navigation CD Changer Navigation REC series 6 Disc Changer Sirius MP3 Player AMFM Radio 58 TFT Display DVD ROM 2005 to 2009 Part Number P56038646AL P5064184AD Model Number Common Problem DVD wont play DVD stuck Joystick Repair Cost 185 LCD Display Repair Cost 300 CD Changer Repair Cost 350 All other repairs Repair Cost 185 to 550 Note Extra repair cost if complete PC Board or Drive unit needs to be replaced Shipping Instructions REMOVAL INSTALLATION GUIDE 2009 UP JEEP COMPASS JEEP PATRIOT 2008 UP JEEP CHEROKEE JEEP COMMANDER JEEP LIBERTY CHRYSLER 300 SERIES 2007 UP CHRYSLER SEBRING JEEP WRANGLER Chrysler Jeep MyGIG Navigation 2007 UP Part Number 82211471AB 82211473AC Model Number Common Problem DVD wont play DVD stuck Repair Cost 185 TO 550 Note See bottom of this page for Specs Compatibility and Error Messages Chrysler Jeep MyGIG Without Navigation 2007 UP Part Number 05064244AG 05064245AA 05064758AB 05064759AB 05064242AH 05064243AF Model Number Common Problem DVD wont play DVD stuck Repair Cost 185 TO 550 Note See bottom of this page for Specs Compatibility and Error Messages CHRYSLER TOWN COUNTRY Chrysler Town Country 6 DVD Changer Part Number P04685932AA P04685932AB P04685932AC P05094033AA P05094033AB P05094033AC P05094033AD Model Number Common Problem No Eject No Load No play DVD Repair Cost 185 TO 295 Note If your DVD is stuck inside the unit do not try to remove the disc Most of the time the DVD mechanism gets damaged in the process and it would cost more to fix it Chrysler Pacifica InDash 6Disc DVD Changer 2004 Up Part Number Model Number Common Problem No Eject No Load No Play DVD Repair Cost 185 TO 295 Note If your DVD is stuck inside the unit do not try to remove the disc Most of the time the DVD mechanism gets damaged in the process and it would cost more to fix it Chrysler DVD Changer 2004 to 2008 Part Number P05094031AD P04685908AE P05094033AA Model Number Common Problem No Eject No Load No play DVD Repair Cost 185 TO 295 Note If your DVD is stuck inside the unit do not try to remove the disc Most of the time the DVD mechanism gets damaged in the process and it would cost more to fix it 300 300C SRT8 Chrysler 300 300C AMFM Stereo With 6Disc CDMP3 and Cassette Player 2007 Part Number 82210906AB Model Number Common Problem No Eject No Load No Play CD or Cassette Repair Cost 185 TO 275 Note Chrysler 300 300C RAQ Mopar OEM AM FM Stereo With 6Disc CD MP3 Player 2006 to 2007 Part Number 05091175AE 05091176AD Model Number Common Problem No Eject No Load No play DVD Repair Cost 185 TO 275 Note Chrysler 300 300C RAQ Mopar OEM AM FM Stereo With 6Disc CD MP3 Player 2006 to 2007 Part Number 05064171AH 05064173AK Model Number Common Problem No Load No Play CD No Eject Repair Cost 125 TO 185 Note Chrysler 300 300C REQ Mopar OEM AM FM Stereo 6 Disc CD DVD 2008 Up Part Number 05064923AF Model Number Common Problem No Load No Play CD No Eject Repair Cost 185 TO 275 Note Chrysler 300 300C RES Mopar OEM AM FM Stereo 6 Disc CD DVD 2008 Up Part Number 05064410AD P05064410AF P05064058AJ P05064058AH P05064059AI Model Number Common Problem No Load No Play CD No Eject Repair Cost 125 TO 185 Note Faceplate ID RES Chrysler 300 300C REN MyGIG Without Navigation Touch Screen Stereo With CD DVD AMFM 2008 Up Part Number 05064245AA 05064758AB 05064759AB 05064242AH 05064243AF 05064244AG Model Number Common Problem No display Black screen No touch response Repair Cost 185 to 345 Note Chrysler Jeep Navigation CD Changer Navigation REC series 6 Disc Changer Sirius MP3 Player AMFM Radio 58 TFT Display DVD ROM 2005 to 2009 Part Number P56038646AL P5064184AD Model Number Common Problem DVD wont play DVD stuck Joystick Repair Cost 185 LCD Display Repair Cost 300 CD Changer Repair Cost 350 All other repairs Repair Cost 185 to 550 Note Extra repair cost if complete PC Board or Drive unit needs to be replaced Shipping Instructions REMOVAL INSTALLATION GUIDE 1998 2001 CHRYSLER CONCORDE 1998 2001 CHRYSLER LHS 1999 2001 JEEP 2000 2001 CHRYSLER SEBRING 2001 CHRYSLER PT CRUISER 1999 2001 CHRYSLER 300M 2001 2002 PLYMOUTH VOYAGE 2001 2002 CHRYSLER TOWN COUNTRY In dash radio 4CD or 6CD with 2 7 pin plug REC series 6 Disc Changer Sirius MP3 Player AMFM Radio 58 TFT Display DVD ROM 2005 to 2009 Part Number P05091570AD Model Number Common Problem DVD wont play DVD stuck Repair Cost 125 TO 250 Note Please remove Discs from CD Changer prior shipping REMOVAL INSTALLATION GUIDE 1998 2004 CHRYSLER CONCORDE 1999 2001 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 1997 2000 CHRYSLER CIRRUS 1997 2000 PLYMOUTH BREEZE 2000 2006 CHRYSLER SEBRING COUPE 2001 2007 CHRYSLER TOWN COUNTRY 2001 2002 PLYMOUTH VOYAGER GRAND 1998 2001 CHRYSLER LHS 1999 2004 CHRYSLER 300M 2001 2006 CHRYSLER SEBRING SEDAN CONVERTIBLE 2001 2005 CHRYSLER PT CRUISER 2003 CHRYSLER VOYAGER Chrysler 6 CD Changer 1997 to 2007 Part Number P05064003AD P05064003AE P56038659AE P56038659AH P56038659AI 82207876 82202700 82207875 82208938 82208939 Model Number Common Problem No Load No Eject No play DVD Repair Cost Note If your DVD is stuck inside the unit do not try to remove the disc Most of the time the DVD mechanism gets damaged in the process and it would cost more to fix it 2005 2007 CHRYSLER 300 2006 2010 CHRYSLER PT CRUISER 2007 2008 JEEP COMPASS 1998 2001 CHRYSLER LHS 1999 2004 CHRYSLER 300M 2001 2006 CHRYSLER SEBRING SEDAN CONVERTIBLE 2001 2005 CHRYSLER PT CRUISER 2003 CHRYSLER VOYAGER Chrysler Jeep Radio CD Player 2004 to 2009 Part Number P05091710AE P05091710AG P05091710AF P05064071AG P05064030AI P05064030AL P05064030AN Model Number Common Problem DVD wont play DVD stuck Repair Cost Note Please remove Discs from CD Changer prior shipping Faceplate ID REF REC NAVIGATION Specifications Features REC Navigation Radio has a Large 58 full color display TFT LCD technology for easy viewing in daylight or darkness with a full map display and visual and turnbyturn voice guidance Included is the one DVD ROM map data disc which covers all of the mapped 48 US States and parts of Canada This radio also includes a 6disc CDMP3 player can be used in navigation mode and 12 AMFM preset channels and 12 SIRIUS Satellite Radio presets Because this radio has a larger faceplate than the radio it would be replacing you would have to order it elsewhere to SIRIUS SATELLITE Sirius radio offers first traffic weather report which provides the most frequent and in depth reports for the most congested cities across the countryover 20 major metro areas This radio has free activation digital quality sound over 120 channels of digital programming coast to coast 65 commercial free channels of music and over 50 channels of news sports and entertainment Sirius satellite receiver kit antenna kit and monthly satellite radio service subscription are NOT included in this auction UCONNECT UConnect allows you to dial their wireless phone using simple voice commands and includes exclusive voiceactivated hands free invehicle communications system UConnect utilizes a small control pad microphone and speaker which encourages safe vehicle operation and doesnt compromise driver control and even mutes the radio before receiving or sending a call UConnect also stores up to 32 names in the systems phone book Uconnect requires a bluetooth handsfree profile wireless phone and an installation kit which is not included MyGIG Navigation Specifications and features GPS Navigation Models RER and REU only Hard drive HDD based navigation data preloaded Flipdown motorized display Full map TBT display Pointofinterest listing Real time traffic updates via Sirius Turnbyturn route guidance Voice activated destination input 2D 3D Birds eye view of road LCD Display 65 TFT display 400 x 240 pixels Touchscreen LCD Flip down Motorized Display Enhanced graphics Data File TransferStorage 2007 RER models 20 GB HDD for Nav Photo Music 7 GB available for storage 2008up RER models 30 GB HDD for Nav Photo Music 17 GB available for storage 2007up REN models 20 GB HDD for Nav Photo Music 7 GB available for storage USB 20 port interface JPEG photo viewer Customizable screen background using your own photos Music file transfer CDDVD to HDD Integrated Music Juke Box Supports Gracenote Music file management system Ability to Rip and store music to HDD via CD or USB Integrated Radio Receivers 12 AM12 FM station presets 12 satellite radio presets when equipped Bass treble balance fade control and midrange Bidirectional radio seek CD changer controls Dual base band satellite radio receiver Sirius Dual FM tuner Electronically tuned Optimized AM tuner World tuner support AudioVideo Entertainment System Supports three simultaneous audio output sources Supports two simultaneous video output sources Displays video output on radio headunit display Capability to play and control DVD audiovideo from headunit or external DVD player Note Certain state laws mandate that the Front Seat Video feature on vehicles so equipped be disengaged See information below Recorder for AM FM SIRIUS DVD Drive auxiliary input and microphone Single Compact Disc player Track seek and scan forward and reverse Display for elapsed time track and disc disc selection MP3WMA capability CDs containing MP3WMAencoded files can be played Shockresistant vibrationdampened mounting Ignitionoff disc ejection capability Integrated Voice Dialogue System SDS Command and control of Audio navigation and Phone functions Large vocabulary Popup dialog display Adaptive voice learning capability Automatic phonetic transcription G2P Seamless Voice Tree Supports English French Spanish for US Other UConnect communications system integrated model RER only Bluetooth connectivity model RER only Dealer instructions for front seat video enabledisable Connect the StarSCAN From the Home Screen enter ECU View Select Radio Select Misc Functions Select EnableDisable Front Seat Video Select Enable or Disable as desired Select finish to exit Gracenote database The Gracenote database will recognize 100000 CDs but it can not recognize newly released CDs that came out after the database was installed Future software updates will add to the database The first update to the Gracenote database is due in late March 2008 Inmotion restrictions For safety reasons certain features such as video playback parts of the address book and the keyboard to enter information are locked out when the vehicle is in motion Drivers can use the voice recognition feature however Traffic Message Channel The Traffic Message Channel TMC is provided by SIRIUS owners must have a valid subscription for it to work For more information see Wikpedias Traffic Message Channel page MyGIG is not compatible with the following Chrysler Dodge and Jeep vehicles All 2006 and prior models All 2007 models except Wrangler Nitro Sebring and Avenger The following 2008 models Chrysler Pacifica Chrysler PT Cruiser Dodge Caliber Dodge Ram Dodge Viper Jeep Compass Jeep Patriot The following 2009 models Chrysler PTCruiser Dodge Viper Dodge Ram 2500 3500 MyGIG Troubleshooting For safety some features video playback some parts of the address book and the keyboard to enter information are locked out when the vehicle is in motion Drivers can use the voice recognition feature however The voice recognition system is designed to work with the windows up the HVAC fan on Off or Low and the user speaking in a normal tone It will not work as well if the windows are down the fan is on high or if the driver speaks in low tones If the voice recognition system has trouble understanding a user heshe can train it using a short procedure See the navigation Owners Manual MyGIG radios designed for a highspeed electrical bus will not work on a vehicle with a lowspeed bus and vice versa Nothing will be damaged but the system will not work The use of a StarSCAN to retrieve and change additional radio settings may be required For example if a vehicles backup camera does not display the radio may not know that the vehicle has a camera Conversely if the radio thinks theres a backup camera when there isnt the screen may display static when the vehicle is put into reverse Emergency eject of stuck discs Homemade CDRs or DVDRs that were poorly formatted may confuse the system causing the disc to become jammed On radios with software version 9041 or later you can force the disc to eject using a combination of keys First make sure the display is open Then for an RER radio hold the NAV button while pressing SEEK UP and SEEK DOWN at the same time For an REN radio hold the AUDIO button while pressing SEEK UP and SEEK DOWN at the same time If discs frequently jam using high quality media and better burning software to create the discs If the navigation system shows the wrong current location use the Nav menu and make sure that the radio is receiving at least four satellites Then drive the vehicle on main roads which are more likely to be in the database until the current location is correctly shown This usually takes no more than 30 seconds but it can require as long as 20 minutes Once the current location is accurate the problem should not reoccur unless the vehicle is transported while not operating on a ferry railroad car transport truck etc If it does reoccur repeat the procedure Owners who plug an external device such as an MP3 player into the AUX jack should remember that both volume controls on the radio and on the device itself will affect the sound level If Radio presets do not seem to save on radio please confirm that the following process is being performed When listening to the selected station in AMFM modes Press and hold the desired preset soft key on the right side of the display Keep holding the preset until the preset goes through a color change of green then yellow Once the selected preset turns yellow the current stationfrequency will be saved Note Mopar IPOD kits Satellite radio station presets are lost when switching from the IPOD mode to satellite radio mode Error messages Module Failure message displays when trying to use satellite mode Usually caused by an electrical short in the SDAR antenna not the radio This appears to be most common on Durango and Aspen The SDAR antenna cable is usually the source of the problem Check behind Drivers APillar trim for possible pinched antenna cable and or loose and or bent pin at the back of the radio Module failure message does not indicate the need to replace the radio Navigation is being activated message may appear momentarily when the radio is first turned on and in the navigation mode This is normal while GPS satellites are being located If message does not go away after driving on main roads for a few minutes push the Menu button on the radio and select System Set Up and then System Info Check for Tag Not Found or Not applicable messages described below Tag Not Found mesage displayed on navigation information page Critical error radio must be replaced due to internal HDD failure Not applicapleNA msg message displayed in Gracenote area Critical error radio must be replaced nonnavigation REN models EMERGENCY UPDATEERROR256 failed to flash update ifs message when there is an error when updating software Disconnect battery negative terminal or radio power for one hour or longer Restore power disc should read properly and complete update For safety some features video playback some parts of the address book and the keyboard to enter information are locked out when the vehicle is in motion Drivers can use the voice recognition feature however The voice recognition system is designed to work with the windows up the HVAC fan on Off or Low and the user speaking in a normal tone It will not work as well if the windows are down the fan is on high or if the driver speaks in low tones If the voice recognition system has trouble understanding a user heshe can train it using a short procedure See the navigation Owners Manual MyGIG radios designed for a highspeed electrical bus will not work on a vehicle with a lowspeed bus and vice versa Nothing will be damaged but the system will not work The use of a StarSCAN to retrieve and change additional radio settings may be required For example if a vehicles backup camera does not display the radio may not know that the vehicle has a camera Conversely if the radio thinks theres a backup camera when there isnt the screen may display static when the vehicle is put into reverse Emergency eject of stuck discs Homemade CDRs or DVDRs that were poorly formatted may confuse the system causing the disc to become jammed On radios with software version 9041 or later you can force the disc to eject using a combination of keys First make sure the display is open Then for an RER radio hold the NAV button while pressing SEEK UP and SEEK DOWN at the same time For an REN radio hold the AUDIO button while pressing SEEK UP and SEEK DOWN at the same time If discs frequently jam using high quality media and better burning software to create the discs If the navigation system shows the wrong current location use the Nav menu and make sure that the radio is receiving at least four satellites Then drive the vehicle on main roads which are more likely to be in the database until the current location is correctly shown This usually takes no more than 30 seconds but it can require as long as 20 minutes Once the current location is accurate the problem should not reoccur unless the vehicle is transported while not operating on a ferry railroad car transport truck etc If it does reoccur repeat the procedure Owners who plug an external device such as an MP3 player into the AUX jack should remember that both volume controls on the radio and on the device itself will affect the sound level If Radio presets do not seem to save on radio please confirm that the following process is being performed When listening to the selected station in AMFM modes Press and hold the desired preset soft key on the right side of the display Keep holding the preset until the preset goes through a color change of green then yellow Once the selected preset turns yellow the current stationfrequency will be saved

B B O O B I O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O B O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O O O B O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O B O O O O O B O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

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Mission Internship Program Internship Program Overview The internship program at the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations in New York provides the opportunity for bright Catholic college graduates or graduate students to gain invaluable experience assisting the work of the Holy See in its multilateral work at the UN seeking to bring the light of Catholic Social Teaching to the debates of the international community Interns receive a special orientation on the history of the diplomatic work of the Holy See at the United Nations attend the wide variety of UN meetings conferences and debates file reports to be sent to Internship Cycles and Numbers There are three internship cycles each year Fall Spring and Summer June through August It is possible for an intern to remain for more than one doing a halfyear or yearlong internship but with the number of applications the Mission has been receiving and the desire to give capable applicants the chance it is becoming rarer that applicants will be accepted to more than one session The Fall Session extends from the beginning of September through just before Christmas the Spring Session begins on Monday of the second week of January and extends the end of May the Summer Session Application Process Application deadlines are May 1 for the following Fall Session October 1 for the following Spring Session and January 1 for the upcoming Summer Session The Application process involves sending a cover letter a curriculum vitae and two letters of recommendations one from a teacher or academic advisor the second from a Catholic pastor or chaplain to arrive by the respective deadline at Internship Program Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations 25 E 39th Street New York NY 10016 A PDF copy of the mailed application should also be sent by the deadline to officeholyseemissionorg and rlandryholyseemissionorg with Internship Application listed in the subject line After applications have been received and evaluated certain applicants may be invited to submit an intervention on one of the themes in debate at the UN After that interviews may be scheduled via Skype or for those in the New York area in person Applicants are encouraged to get in their applications well before the deadline Selection Criteria Because of the nature of the work of the Holy See at the United Nations interns must be practicing Catholics understand appreciate and believe in Catholic Social Teaching and in the values the Church seeks to convey before the international community have graduated from university or be enrolled in a graduate program undergraduates enrolled in programs may apply for the internship program but preference will be given to graduates be fluent in English and if possible in one or more of the six official UN languages be a good clear and precise writer capable of analytic and synthetic thought and Hours Interns normally work Monday through Friday 9 am to 6 pm There are occasional nighttime events as well as once or twice a year the need to assist in covering sessions when the UN is meeting on weekends Attendance at the daily staff meeting after Midmorning Prayer each day at 9 am in the Mission Chapel is obligatory Every first Friday of the month a Mass is celebrated at the Chapel in the Mission that all staff and interns are expected to attend Fellowships Housing and Meals The Mission has established Fellowship Programs with certain Catholic Colleges and Universities that provide funding for the housing and living expenses for a mutuallyagreed upon student or recent graduate to serve as fellows for a semester or for an academic year at the Mission Such arrangements have worked out very well for the interns Mission and collegesuniversities and the Mission is always interested in expanding such relationships with participating Catholic colleges and universities Otherwise the internship is unpaid with interns responsible for making their own housing arrangements covering their travel to and from New York and other expenses with the Further Inquiries and questions Those with questions not answered here are invited to contact Msgr Tomasz Grysa tgrysaholyseemissionorg or Fr Roger Landry rlandryholyseemissionorg Internship Application Checklist 1 Cover Letter Briefly explain your background how you came to find out about the internship program and why you would be interested in serving as an intern for the Holy Sees Permanent Observer Mission to the UN State clearly the Sessions you are interested in applying for Fall Spring or Summer Describe your field of study and any particular qualifications you have for the work of the Holy See at the United Nations Mention where you practice the Catholic faith and your awareness of Catholic Social Teaching 2 Curriculum Vitae A standard curriculum vitae detailing your academic work and volunteer history special skills languages and other competencies will suffice Please make sure all of your contact information mailing address cell phone email Skype and social media accounts is included 3 Recommendations A recommendation from a College Professor Academic Advisor or the equivalent who can speak about your academic qualifications A recommendation from the pastor of your Catholic parish the chaplain of your University Newman Center or a Catholic priest or deacon who is able to describe for us briefly the level of your knowledge and practice of the Catholic faith character etc If there are particular circumstances making the providing of either of these recommendations particularly difficult please explain the situation in your cover letter 4 Deadlines and Addresses The deadline for applications hoping to begin an internship in the Fall is May 1 in the Spring October 1 in the Summer January 1 The application cover letter CV and Recommendations should arrive not be postmarked by those days The earlier the application the better as acceptances may be done in a rolling basis The Applications should be sent to Internship Program Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations 25 E 39th Street New York NY 10016 USA A PDF copy of the mailed application may also be sent by the deadline to officeholyseemissionorg and rlandryholyseemissionorg with Internship Application listed in the subject line

O B I B I O O B I O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

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South Africa Foreign Services Exemption Amended Highlights Background New Cap Who Will Be Affected When Will the New Cap Come into Effect CONTACTS Beatrie Gouws KPMG in South Africa Natasha Rohhamlal KPMG in South Africa South Africas Taxation Laws Amendment Act No 17 of 2017 promulgated on 18 December 2017 contained the amendment capping the privatesector foreign employment income tax exemption to ZAR 1 million foreignearned remuneration per annum as of 1 March 2020 1 This report explains how the capped exemption works who will be affected the process for claiming tax credits and makes some observations WHY THIS MATTERS The limitation could result in increased tax costs for employers and assignees alike Where appropriate adjustments to grossup packages and withholding taxes need to be considered Currently employers of South African tax resident assignees benefit from the exemption in that the exemption can be applied upfront in their payroll cashflow benefit there is no need to interpret and apply a double taxation treaty DTT to determine potential double taxation there is no need to collect proof of income tax paid and claim credits for income tax paid they can send employees to comparatively low income tax jurisdictions with concomitantly high import or consumer taxes without having to consider the effect of a mismatched tax burden Background South African tax residents are taxed on their worldwide income through the residencebased system While DTTs exist to prevent double taxation under certain circumstances a specific provision in the South African tax legislation provides a preemptive exemption ie an exemption that statutorily limits South Africas taxing rights based on a set of criteria Many South African tax residents work abroad for a period during their working lives Section 101oii of the Income Tax Act No 58 of 1962 ITA exempts employment income received by a South African tax resident during any year of assessment for services rendered outside South Africa for or on behalf of any employer if that individual was outside South Africa for a period or periods exceeding 183 full days in aggregate during any 12month period and a continuous period exceeding 60 full days during that 12month period The exemption is only available to employees of privatesector companies KPMG NOTE There is currently no requirement that tax be payable in another country for this exemption to apply As a result it is possible that under certain circumstances no income tax will be paid anywhere by South African tax residents for periods worked outside of South Africa Furthermore because the exemption is preemptive individuals do not have to rely on DTTs or make use of the tax credit system to avoid double taxation New Cap According to National Treasury the exemption of foreign employment income from the South African tax net appears excessively generous particularly in instances where the individual worked in a foreign country with a low or zero personal income tax rate National Treasury is of the view that the current exemption creates opportunities for double nontaxation and unequal tax treatment for South African residents employed by a national provincial or local sphere of government or any public or municipal entity who do not qualify for the exemption 2 The amendment limits the exemption to only allow for the first ZAR 1 million of foreign remuneration to be exempt from tax in South Africa The other requirements will still apply the individual must be outside of the Republic for more than 183 days as well as for a continuous period of longer than 60 days during a 12month period KPMG NOTE The new exemption cap should not affect lower to middleclass South African tax residents who are earning remuneration abroad Relief from foreign taxes paid on the income earned for services rendered outside South Africa will be available under section 6quat of the ITA to the extent that a DTT does not convey exclusive taxing rights Who Will Be Affected The new cap will mainly affect South African tax residents working abroad either as selfsponsored individuals who take a job opportunity in a foreign jurisdiction or as employersponsored assignees that may or may not be tax protectedequalised 34 In addition to ordinary South African tax residents the new cap will also affect foreign tax residents who are placed on longterm assignment in South Africa with some remaining foreign employment obligations who then become South African tax residents while working in South Africa In the case of employersponsored employees the relevant employers whether foreign or South African will be affected not only due to the impact of the amendment on tax equalisation and tax protection costs but also in attracting talent in a competitive global environment where income tax rates play a role in accepting an assignment When Will the New Cap Come into Effect The National Treasury has made the amendment effective from 1 March 2020 to allow time for individuals and employers to either adjust their contracts or their circumstances and to finalise or formalise their tax status KPMG NOTE What Will the Impact Be It is commonly accepted that the exemption threshold should limit the impact of the amendment for lower tomiddleclass selfsponsored South African tax residents who are working abroad in high income tax jurisdictions However from an initial highlevel analysis the ZAR 1 million exemption will provide little relief for employersponsored assignees that typically have high taxequalised remuneration packages including benefits and tax grossups which will leave the employers or individuals where no equalisation applies worse off What about Double Taxation Treaties When the section 101oii exemption was first introduced it was clear that even though the exemption would operate outside of the South African DTT network the provision would be similar to the 183day test found in most tax treaties The general assumption is that the individual may be able to rely on a DTT for relief should the limited exemption not provide it However in the South African DTT network the country of source is only given taxing rights when the requirements equivalent to the current exemption are met At no point does a DTT give the country of source exclusive taxing rights Therefore unless a DTT applies to break the individuals tax residency status from South Africa through the tiebreaker clause with the concomitant exit charge becoming payable in South Africa there will not be any relief available through the use of the DTT mechanism for those affected by the new cap Claiming Tax Credits To the extent that individual income tax has been paid in the country where the services have been rendered a section 6 quat tax credit may be available in South Africa However the section 6 quat rebate will be limited to the amount of tax the individual would have paid had the income been earned in South Africa South Africa has progressive marginal income tax rates varying from 18 percent to 45 percent for amounts in excess of ZAR 15 million in taxable income No tax credit will be available for paid taxes that do not qualify as income tax eg social security While an individual claiming relief through the use of foreign tax credits can ordinarily only do so when submitting a tax return it is possible for an employer to apply for a tax directive from the South African Revenue Service SARS allowing the employer to apply the tax credit in advance through its payroll thereby mitigating the cashflow impact on the assigneeemployer However the additional administration and compliance requirements for SARS and the assigneeemployer will be substantial Other than the low rate of recovery through the rebate in the case of no and lowtax jurisdictions the administrative constraints will also play a role in adding additional cost to the project KPMG NOTE Particular Areas of Concern Provisional tax liabilities may be difficult to estimate especially because no foreign countrys tax year is aligned with that of South Africa Determining what would satisfy SARS as sufficient proof of foreign taxes paid upon assessment since certain selfassessment taxes do not require assessment from the revenue authorities in the particular country eg the UK Next Steps The capped exemption is significantly softer than the initial proposal total deletion of the exemption as of 1 March 2019 However questions have been raised as to whether the effect of the new cap will ultimately be beneficial for the National Treasury Submissions to that effect have been made to the National Treasury arguing that the change would result in a significant impact on the bottom line of companies engaged in current and future foreign inbound investment into South Africa and South African companies alike However very few companies have provided any detailed analysis to substantiate assertions as to expected increases in their administration employment or tax costs At present further industry discussions are being held to collate data on the increased cost to employers and the expected results externalisation of both South African employers and individual tax residents possible retrenchments the continued competitiveness of South African business in the continent the attractiveness of South Africa as the Gateway to Africa etc the efficacy of the current tax credit system average turnaround time number of objections required etc Timelines The legislative cycle runs from the November of the prior year for any legislative amendments to be promulgated each year Therefore in order to effectively support a possible change to the capped exemption the information substantiating such a change would have to be made available to the National Treasury by November 2018 at the latest Should affected parties wish to analyse the potential effect of the capped exemption on their business they should consult with their qualified tax professionals Furthermore the KPMG International member firm in South Africa would welcome any parties that would be able to share their statistics with National Treasury with a view to supporting a review of the capped exemption FOOTNOTES 1 Taxation Laws Amendment Act No 27 of 2017 The TLAA can be found on the National Treasury wwwtreasurygovza and SARS wwwsarsgovza websites 2 Budget Review 2017 Annexure C p 138 Explanatory Memorandum on the Taxation Laws Amendment Bill 2017 15 December 2017 p 6 3 Under tax protection the employer generally reimburses an assignee for the excess taxes incurred while on international assignment The assignee usually bears responsibility for paying all actual taxes in the home and host countries The annual tax protection calculation compares the stayathome or hypothetical tax to the actual worldwide taxes paid by the assignee The employer reimburses any excess to the assignee Tax protection policies generally put the burden of filing and paying home and host country taxes on the assignee Any benefit from the payment of less tax than the stayathome position is retained by the assignee 4 The objective of tax equalisation is to make sure that assignees do not have a higher or lower income tax liability than if they had remained in their home country Therefore they will receive a net amount of remuneration as if they had remained in their home country ie their packages are recalculated with reference to the tax that they would have paid had they remained in their home countries so that all assignmentrelated benefits are paid taxfree over and above this net package entitlement The employer usually bears the responsibility of paying the assignees actual taxes in the ZAR 1 EUR 009678 ZAR 1 USD 00843 ZAR 1 INR 536 ZAR 1 GBP 00594 RELATED LINKS FLASH ALERT VIEW ALL SOUTH AFRICA FLASH ALERTS FLASH ALERTS BY TOPIC FLASH ALERT HOME The information contained in this newsletter was submitted by the KPMG International member firm in South Africa 2018 KPMG Services Pty Limited a South Africa private company and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International a Swiss cooperative All rights reserved KPMG International Cooperative KPMG International is a Swiss entity Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International KPMG International provides no client services No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm visàvis third parties nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm Flash Alert is an Global Mobility Services publication of KPMG LLPs Washington National Tax practice The KPMG logo and name are trademarks of KPMG International KPMG International is a Swiss cooperative that serves as a coordinating entity for a network of independent member firms KPMG International provides no audit or other client services Such services are provided solely by member firms in their 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B I B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


How to Cut Aloe Vera for Repotting Written by Brynne Chandler Updated December 15 2018 Related Articles 1 Can I ReRoot an Aloe Stem 2 Why Is My Aloe Vera Plant Turning Brown 3 What Kind of Soil Do Aloe Vera Plants Need 4 Cutting a Small Part of Aloe Vera to Use Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis is prized both for its exotic beauty and for its usefulness The sap inside of the plump spiky shoots is an effective salve for minor cuts and burns but a plant that is struggling to survive in a toosmall pot will produce spindly weak leaves with very little gel Separating the new shoots from the main plant and repotting them is the best way to make sure your aloe continues to thrive Aloe grows outdoors year round only in US Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 11 but you can keep it in a Things You Will Need Gardening gloves optional Trowel Knife sharp and sterilized Potting soil Garden sand pumice or perlite Plant pot Unpot Your Aloe Vera Remove your aloe vera plant from its toosmall pot Squeeze the sides of a flexible pot to loosen the soil or run a trowel or your fingers carefully around the inner edges of a ceramic or hard plastic pot Tip the pot on its side and gently wiggle the plant out of it Dont tug hard or you risk breaking the shoots or tearing the plants roots Examine the Shoots Examine your aloe vera plant to see where small new shoots called pups have sprouted from the main plant These are not hard to find because they look very clearly like new growth sprouting from the main plant Slice Away the Pups Slice the pups away from the main shoots making sure each pups roots stay with it Use a sharp clean and sterilized knife to avoid bruising or tearing your plant and to keep from spreading the pathogens that cause diseases in plants Carefully remove any damaged roots which will look mushy and brown Healthy roots are plump and white and often have finer hairlike rootlets trailing from them Set the main shoot and the pups aside in a shady dry spot Prepare the Pot While your aloe vera plant is airing its roots a bit fill the bottom third of each new plant pot with a mixture of good quality potting soil and garden sand pumice or perlite This will help keep the soil aerated and aid in drainage The proportions dont have to be exact but aim for about half and half Repot Your Aloe Vera Place your main plant and the pups you have sliced away into their designated pots Hold each plant gently as you use your other hand to backfill the pot with your soil mixture Tamp the mixture down gently without packing it too solidly You can place two or three pups in the same pot as long as it is large enough for them to grow without crowding each other Water Your Plant and Pups Give your plant and each of the pups a thorough soaking and set them in a place with indirect light Water them every few days Check by poking your finger an inch or so into their potting soil and water them only when the soil starts to feel dry Tip Set your aloe vera plant and its pups in a shady place with plenty of airflow while you prepare their pots This allows oxygen to nourish the roots while also drying out any effects of overwatering Warning Aloe vera plants are toxic to both cats and dogs so make sure any you have are far out of the reach of your furry friends Tip Wipe your gardening knife down with an alcohol wipe after each use and especially in between uses on different plants This sterilizes your knife with no need to rinse it afterward References 4 About the Author Brynne Chandler has been a freelance writer her entire adult life save for an occasional foray into catering and importing Mexican Rustic furniture An avid gardener and cook her love for all things home related makes her most likely the only EMMYnominated TV Animation writer who still irons her dish towels Her work has appeared in the Houston Chronicle and the San Francisco Chronicle online among other places Cite this Article

O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


How to Fix Uneven Joists Before Drywall One effective method for creating a flat surface for ceiling drywall is to install strapping to the joists then fastening the drywall to the strapping Installed properly 1by3inch spruce or pine strapping runs perpendicular to the direction of the ceiling joists Strapping attaches to the bottom of the joists at 16inch intervals across the width of the ceiling Strapping alone helps even out height discrepancies between joists while shimming above strapping or planing low joists takes care of significant variances Strapping Layout 1 Measure along the length of an end joist that is adjacent to a wall and make a mark at 1475 inches Drive a nail halfway into that joist at the mark Hook the end of the tape measure to the nail and mark the joist every 16 inches along its length across the room Remove the nail when all measurements are marked 2 Mark the end joist on the opposite side of the room in the same way 3 Use a chalk line to create a line which extends across the room from one marked joist to the other Chalk a line at each opposite pair of marks The chalk lines will be the layout marks for the strapping using a 16inchoncenter layout The center of each strapping board will be 16 inches from the center of the adjacent strapping board Strapping Installation 1 Measure across the ceiling joists at a 90degree angle Ensure that the end of each strapping board lands on the center of a joist Cut the first board with a saw to fit the measurement Install the first strappingboard on the ceiling joists next to the wall across the joists Nail the strapping board to each joist with two 10d nails with a hammer or pneumatic nail gun 2 Install strapping boards across the joists at each chalk line Position the edges of the strapping boards along each chalk line as you install the strapping across the ceiling This will maintain the 16inchesoncenter layout for the drywall installation 3 Install a last line of strapping boards across the room against the opposite wall This line of strapping boards will be less than 16inchesoncenter but it is necessary to secure the drywall to the ceiling next to the wall Fixing Uneven Joists 1 Check the strapping boards for level as you work your way across the room nailing the strapping to the joists Use an 8foot level and hold it against the strapping board you are installing before nailing the strapping in place Another option is set up a laser level running just below the strapping measure from the laser line to the strapping to gauge its height at each joist intersection If a joist is higher or lower than its neighboring joists correct it before you nail the strapping into place as follows 2 Measure the gap between the underside of the strapping board and the joist when a joist is higher than its neighboring joists Use shim material or plywood that is the same thickness as the measurement of the gap and cut a piece that is at least 1 12 by 3inches Install the shim material between the strapping and the joist by nailing through the strapping and the shim into the joist 3 Plane down any joist that is lower than its neighboring joists remove excess joist material with a handheld power planer before you nail the strapping into place Check the level of the strapping after you plane the joist and ensure the strapping is level across the joist It is only necessary to remove material from low hanging joists where the strapping boards cross the joist 4 Install the strapping to the adjusted joist by nailing through the strapping into the adjusted joist Use two 10d nails at the intersection of the strapping and the joist Things You Will Need 1by3inch lumber Framing hammer 10d nailing gun 10d nails Chalk line Tape measure Power saw 8foot level or laser level Shim material Tips Do not forget to adjust light boxes or air returns to the new level of the ceiling before you install any drywall Use a pneumatic nail gun to install the 10d nails because it is faster and easier It is always better and generally faster to work with a helper if you can Warning Use caution when working with power tools and wear eye protection References 2 Fine Home Building Hanging Drywall Overhead One Project Closer How to Strap a Ceiling Before Drywall Resources 2 Compact Dynamics All About Ceilings Mike Bells Drywall School Hanging Drywall About the Author Fred Howe a writer since 2009 holds a BS in sociology from George Fox University A retired correctional officer from Pelican Bay State Prison in California Howe has also worked as a sous chef and catering manager Photo Credits JupiterimagesComstockGetty Images Cite this Article

O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


How to Grow Persimmons From Seed Written by S McMullen Updated November 28 2018 Related Articles 1 Plant Plum Seeds From a Plum You Just Ate 2 How Old are Persimmons Trees When They Begin to Set Fruit 3 When Is a Good Time to Plant a Persimmon 4 When Plant a Fuyu Persimmon Pit Persimmon trees Diospyros spp wow yearround with their showy foliage and striking goldenorange autumn fruit which adds brilliant color to otherwise drab lateseason landscaping There are more than 400 species of persimmon but only a handful are regularly cultivated including the common persimmon Diospyros virginiana and the Japanese persimmon Diospyros kaki Both grow reliably well from seed although there are challenges associated with seed propagation especially if youre attempting to reproduce a specific variety or cultivar of persimmon Tip Common persimmons are much hardier than Japanese persimmons with the former thriving in USDA hardiness zones 4B to 9B and the latter growing only in zones 7 to 9A Considerations Most persimmon trees grown in landscaping are specific cultivars such as Miller Diospyros virginiana Miller and Fuyu Diospyros kaki Fuyu They were bred for specific traits and must be reproduced asexually using cuttings or grafts to preserve their favorable qualities Seeds may not produce a tree with the same quality or quantity of fruit and the trees may also vary in their cold hardiness and resistance to disease However you might still get a tree with tasty fruit and the same attractive appearance as other persimmon trees Gathering Seed Persimmon seeds germinate best when fresh so gather them in autumn after the fruit begins to soften Take seed only from fully ripe persimmons with no bird pecks rotten spots or green skin After cutting open the fruit take out a few seeds and soak them in warm water for a few days to loosen any sticky flesh Rub the persimmon seeds lightly under running water to clean them You can start the seeds immediately or store them in a cool dry space until youre ready to use them Seed Treatment Persimmon seeds need a period of moist chilling to help them germinate The chilling or cold stratification process mimics the natural process of overwintering the seeds outdoors Wrap the seeds in moistened sphagnum moss or paper towel then put them in a plastic bag or jar inside the refrigerator for two to three months If the moss or paper towel dries out spritz it with some water to keep the persimmon seeds moist Seed Germination Persimmon seedlings form a long taproot early on so they need to be grown in tall plastic containers that will allow the root to form without cramping it Sow one seed per pot in sterile potting mixture and make sure the pot has drainage holes at the base Plant the seeds at a depth of 2 inches and then set the pots in a warm bright location If daytime temperatures stay below 70 degrees Fahrenheit try warming the pots with a propagation heating mat Tiny persimmon seedlings should appear in six to eight weeks Tip Persimmon seeds have a relatively low germination rate of 25 to 35 percent so start multiple seeds to increase the likelihood of success Seedling Care Bright indirect sunlight and evenly moist soil provide the best conditions for persimmon seedlings Keep them outdoors under sheltered conditions during the spring months before slowly exposing them to stronger sunlight over the course of one to two weeks Water the seedlings weekly but allow the soil to dry out in the top inch between waterings to keep the roots healthy Transplant and Aftercare Due to their long taproot persimmon seedlings need to be planted out at the end of their first full growing season preferably in autumn after the first rain Choose a planting site with at least 20 squarefeet of space per persimmon tree to provide enough room for their mature spread Persimmon trees are tolerant of most soil types but they do not do well in seaside areas with very saline soil Overall they require very little care and no special fertilizer to bear a hefty crop of fruit However persimmon trees can take three to five years to bear fruit Tip Spread a thick layer of mulch around the base of persimmon trees to keep the soil moist and to make picking up the fallen fruit easier Resources 3 University of California Cooperative Extension Persimmon Time Harvest to Table Persimmons Kitchen Basics Napa Valley Register The Straight Poop on Persimmons About the Author Samantha McMullen began writing professionally in 2001 Her nearly 20 years of experience in horticulture informs her work which has appeared in publications such as Mother Earth News Cite this Article

O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


How to Make a Storage Space Under a Deck Related Articles 1 Enclose Below the Deck 2 Why Should You Put Gravel Under a Deck 3 Install a Rain Barrier Under a Deck 4 Waterproof Under Your Deck Few homeowners suffer from an excess of empty storage space For growing families many home renovation projects center around adding places to put things away Converting the empty area under your deck is a great way to provide additional storage for the bulky furniture grill and other oddsized items that make outdoor living such fun and storage such a challenge You need only simple materials and skills to change wastespace into useful storage The Ground Floor The main enemy of outdoor storage is weather While items stored under a deck are shaded from heat moisture is still a major issue Examining a prospective storage area on a rainy day will tell you if downspouts need to be redirected to keep runoff out of your storage area Revisiting a day after rain will provide clues about soil drainage under your deck At minimum plan to cover the storage area with a waterproof tarp or other heavy plastic groundsheet Rake the ground as level as possible before laying fabric to prevent tripping when you go to retrieve stored Preparing the Ceiling Many decks are constructed with spaces between floorboards to facilitate rapid drainage Even more solid floors may permit leaks into your storage space Suspending an underceiling from deck floorboards can keep your stored items dry You can buy a commerciallymade underceiling or create one less expensively from corrugated sheet fiberglass Hanging an underceiling is preferable to covering the undersides of floorboards with plastic sheeting Air circulation between the underceiling and floor is essential to keep floorboards from staying wet and warping Skirting and Building Walls Managing air circulation is essential when choosing materials for storage area walls Oldfashioned wood boardandbatten skirting solid panels lumber and lattice are now all available in resin or compound versions reducing warping and maintenance of painted surfaces These are especially good choices over wood in areas with frequently humid weather chronic damp soil or termite infestations Where ground is level resin or wood fencing panels may provide a quicktoinstall materials resource In warm dry areas lattice may be all you need to create storage area walls Covering the inner sides of lattice panels with plastic screen or landscape fabric allows Other Storage Issues A storage area under a deck 8 feet or more off the ground may accommodate a prefabricated lockable door Low storage under a deck from 4 to 8 feet off the ground can be made more usable by attaching lattice or other skirting panels to the deck with hooks or hinges letting you reach stored objects from several angles Covered weatherproof bins let you store seasonal items together some like underbed storage boxes come with wheels Adding a batteryoperated light fixture frees both hands for moving items References 3 Todays Homeowner How to Build a Storage Area Under A Deck This Old House How to Install Porch Lattice Handyman Club of America Add Storage Space Under Your Deck About the Author Janet Beal has written for various websites covering a variety of topics including gardening home child development and cultural issues Her work has appeared on early childhood education and consumer education websites She has a Bachelor of Arts in English from Harvard University and a Master of Science in early childhood education from the College of New Rochelle Photo Credits PhotoscomAbleStockcomGetty Images Cite this Article

O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Recessed Lighting to Make a Room Feel Bigger Related Articles 1 Lay Out Recessed Light Fixtures 2 Recessed Vs Track Lighting 3 Determine Where to Place Recessed Lighting 4 Estimate Recessed Lighting Professional designers use a lot of tricks when confronting design challenges When it comes to small spaces using the right colors and lighting can make the room feel larger Recessed lights can provide all three types of lighting ambient task and accent Even illumination of walls using recessed downlights will provide soft ambient light which opens up the space and makes the room feel bigger Wall Washed Trim Recessed lights make a room appear larger through a technique called wall washing To achieve this lighting effect start with the proper type of trim The trim is the visible part of the light that shows around the diameter of the hole in the ceiling and is designed to work with a particular type of housing You will need to use wall washed trim which is a combination of a directional reflector and a light scoop that directs the light toward the wall Eyeball trim can also wash light on walls use this type of trim with a sloped ceiling Placement for Wall Washing To get the proper lighting effect for wall washing you must mount and space the lights a certain way The mounting distance is the measurement of space between the wall and the recessed light and the spacing distance is the amount of space between each light Space wall wash downlights apart at the same distance as they are mounted from the wall For ceilings up to 9 feet high mount recessed lights 2 to 3 feet from the wall and spaced 2 to 3 feet apart Ceilings more than 9 feet tall should have recessed lights mounted 3 to 4 Bulb Types Standard incandescent A lamps are commonly used in recessed lighting and are the least expensive type of bulb This type of bulb produces a soft warm light that many people prefer This type of bulb requires a reflector to boost and direct the light An R lamp has a builtin reflector and is slightly more expensive than the standard A bulb A Halogen PAR bulb will provide a brighter whiter light and a more controlled beam spread than the standard A or R incandescent bulbs Compact fluorescent bulbs are good for ambient light and are one of the most efficient Lighting Tips The desired effect of wall washing is the uniform illumination of a broad vertical surface which makes everything appear brighter and larger The lights can also effectively highlight fine art photography or a wall tapestry Use the wall washing technique on a floortoceiling bookcase to highlight an extensive literary collection or on wall shelves to enhance decorative items or collectibles If you want to highlight a brick wall or fireplace use another recessed lighting technique known as grazing to enhance the texture of the wall For this effect use a shorter mounting distance from the wall and use a halogen References 2 Pegasus Lighting How to Wash a Wall With Light Illumenate Recessed Lighting Design Guidelines About the Author Michelle Radcliff owned a retail home furnishings business for eight years Radcliff offers decorating advice on her blog Home Decorating News is a regular contributor on interior design at LoveToKnowcom and earned certification as an interior decorator from Penn Foster College in 2013 Photo Credits AblestockcomAbleStockcomGetty Images Cite this Article

O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


You are here Home Structural House Foundation Types 101 House Foundation Types 101 By Henry Parker Nenov Brothers Fotolia The type of foundation supporting your home has a widespread effect on the buildings durability and on your comfort Whether youre planning to build your own home or you want to know more about the house you live in now getting familiar with foundation design is the perfect place to start Three types of foundations are commonly used in modern residential construction Slab Crawl space Basement The type thats right for your home depends largely on the properties of your building site such as the soil type water table depth and slope Beyond this each type of foundation has pros and cons in terms of affordability maintenance home comfort and other factors Slab Foundation Lev Fotolia This is the simplest most budgetfriendly and most common type of house foundation This foundation is a slab of concrete around 6 to 8 inches thick poured directly onto a soil surface prepared with gravel to facilitate drainage There are several ways to build a slab foundation Slab on grade To construct this foundation concrete is simply poured onto the prepared soil Its poured thicker at the edges to form a footing Rebar is added for strength and wire mesh might be added to reduce risk of cracking Tshaped This foundation consists of concrete footings below the frost line and walls on top of the footings reaching to the soil surface The slab is poured on top of this supportive structure Frostprotected FPSF This foundation contains rigid foam insulation to prevent the ground below from freezing reducing the risk of cracks Its used only with buildings that will be heated in winter The house is built directly onto the foundation eliminating the need for a flooring support system which further cuts costs and speeds up construction Pros No open space under the house means less risk of infestation by termites mice and other pests Because slab foundations dont rely on beams for support theyre exceptionally sturdy They require only minimal digging so theyre perfect for rocky or heavy soils where digging a crawl space or basement would be impractical Cons Water natural gas and drainage pipes are often embedded within the concrete and when these pipes wear out and leak the foundation will have to be opened so repairs can be made Slab foundations are vulnerable to pressure caused by freezing and thawing ground so theyre best used in warmer climates where the ground rarely freezes Because they cant protect the house from flood waters the way a crawl space or basement can theyre less than ideal for floodprone areas Crawl Space Foundation Photo Credit RBerteig A crawl space foundation includes an open space of around 2 feet high under the house which elevates the house off the ground These are typically built using one of two methods Stem wall A continuous masonry wall Pierandbeam Concrete footings in the ground that support wood piers and concrete beams that span between the piers Pros A crawl space foundation is a good choice in an area with a high water table or tendency to flood It protects the home from shifting soil during heavy rains and with flood vents added it will reduce the risk of flood water entering the house The crawl space provides air circulation under the house helping to keep your rooms cooler in summer Pipes and other utility lines are often located here so you can easily reach them for repairs or upgrades You can also use the space for storage Cons A crawl space must be properly insulated and maintained to prevent problems with moisture mold cold drafts and pests Depending on your climate and your homes design this could mean adding a vapor barrier and rigid foam insulation in addition to vents or completely encapsulating the space and sealing the vents then installing a sump pump and dehumidifier Basement Foundation Christian Delbert Fotolia A basement foundation is built by excavating down to around 8 feet then constructing a floor and walls for the resulting space First concrete footings are poured to support the walls Next the walls usually made of poured concrete are erected Finally the concrete slab floor is poured The result is an additional room you can use for storage area or to extend your living space Pros A basement is the perfect place to house appliances related to your utilities such as your furnace and water heater Youll have easy access to these appliances as well as to the pipes and ducts in this space making it easier to maintain them and make repairs The basement also gives you a convenient place to put the washer and dryer to free up space in your main living area With a little creativity it can be turned into a workshop for your hobbies home theater or even a home bar and pool room As an added benefit the air space a basement creates under your home helps keep your rooms cooler in summer Cons Once the basement is built youll need to air seal and insulate it to prevent unwanted heat loss and gain In floodprone areas youll need to install a sump pump to remove any flood water that enters the basement Keeping your basement properly air sealed dry and clean also helps prevent pest infestations and mold If your house will be located on bedrock or limestone thats close to the surface digging a basement could be impractical if not impossible Heavy or waterlogged soils such as clay and wetland soils are also difficult and often impractical locations for a basement In these areas if you want your foundation off the ground a crawl space is the better option Although the kind of land youre building on is the biggest determining factor in what type of foundation will best suit your home very often youll have some choice If you do consider how each type of foundation will affect the buildings longevity and maintenance needs as well as your enjoyment of your home If your home has already been built keep your foundation type in mind when you plan out your routine home maintenance tasks For instance slab foundations should be monitored for leaking water lines while crawl spaces and basements should be regularly checked for moisture problems and pest infestations Filed Under Structural

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

three types of foundations
slab foundation
crawl space foundation


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B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O