Sugar-free chewing gums contain a type of sugar called polyols. Examples of commonly used polyols are sorbitol and xylitol. Unlike regular sugar, sorbitol doesn’t get broken down and absorbed in the small intestine. It moves into the large intestine instead and once there, it has what is termed an ‘osmotic effect’. The presence of these polyols in the gut draws in water, stimulating bowel movements and causing loose stools. In most people, a small amount of polyols won’t have much effect but if you consume a large amount then you may notice the laxative effect. Some people have a stronger reaction to polyols, and other classes of sugars, and experience symptoms that can be classed as irritable bowel syndrome. For these people, trialling a low-FODMAP diet where they exclude polyols and other sugars can be helpful in relieving their symptoms. This therapeutic diet is best administered by an Accredited Practising Dietitian who has experience in working with people with IBS.
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