I. At the First Meeting or by Email Prior to the First Meeting
II. First Meeting: Getting Organized
III. Guidelines for the Workshop
The writer should circulate his/her work ahead of time, and include the goals for the project and some questions and comments to guide readers in providing feedback.
Everyone should participate thoughtfully by reading the work to be discussed ahead of time and making comments on the draft. If group members decide not to print out the draft, they should keep careful notes and page numbers for the comments they want to make. Specific pages can be printed out to guide discussion. For suggestions for how to make comments, see “Tips for Responding to Other People’s Writing” below.
The writer whose work is being discussed should set the agenda for the discussion and also spend some time talking about the goals of the project. If the group is reading a paper that will be graded, the writer should explain the criteria on which the paper will be evaluated. For suggestions see “Questions to Ponder While Evaluating Peer Writing” below.
The writer whose work is being discussed should listen closely to recommendations, answering questions group members may have but not dominating the discussion. We all can get defensive about our own writing and the urge to explain what you mean, even though it may not be written on the page, is tempting. However, it works best if the writer saves his/her comments and questions until the end of the discussion. Also, keep in mind the participants of the group are offering suggestions, and you, the writer, do not have to take everyone’s advice. If you don’t agree with someone’s advice, however, you should still listen and decide what you’re going to do. You’ll learn rather quickly which readers seem to have the best sense of what your project entails.
Say something positive. It is just as important to know what we are doing well in our writing as what things need improvement.
Talk about your responses while reading the work. “When I read this sentence, I wondered if the paragraph was going to be about this topic.”
Critique the writing, not the writer. Instead of telling someone they have trouble staying on topic, say something like, “This paragraph doesn’t seem to support your thesis.” Be sure to ask lots of questions of the writer.
Be specific. If you make a statement about lack of organization in the paper, back it up with specific examples in the text.
Prioritize your comments. Start with bigger concerns—the quality of the argument, the thesis, and the structure of the paper—and then move to smaller issues like wordiness, grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc.
Give the writer something to walk away with. But don’t try to write the paper for the writer by telling him/her what to say and how to say it. Write out your key comments and suggestions on the back of the paper or on a separate sheet of paper so the writer can refer to them later while revising.
Before you respond to your colleague’s writing, you may want to try organizing your comments into higher order and lower order concerns. At the Writing Center, we always begin with higher order concerns. These are the large issues in the paper that may interfere with the overall meaning of the work and/or effectiveness of the argument. We recommend spending less time on lower order concerns because, though they may be distracting, these are things that typically can be caught in a later draft. If the writer asks for proofreading comments, however, try to pick out the big mistakes rather than picking on every single thing that might be incorrect. Consider also that we don’t all have the same perceptions of what constitutes an error. It could be productive to have a discussion about the errors that tend to be most annoying or distracting to the group members and to make a list of these as you go along.
Higher Order Concerns:
What is the writer’s position (thesis/main point)? Is that position clearly communicated to the reader? Point to places in the text where the position is articulated and argued.
What evidence does the writer provide to support his/her position? Is the evidence persuasive? Specific enough? Well-documented if from another source? Does the evidence match the point being made?
How is the piece of writing organized? Does the writer follow a logical sequence to guide the reader through his/her reasoning? Are transitions needed? What about other organizational cues, like headings and subheadings (if called for by the discipline)?
Think about the overall effectiveness of the piece. Does the writer accomplish his/her goals? If not, point to one or more areas where the writer should focus his/her attention for the next revision.
Lower Order Concerns:
Are the “mechanics” correct, e.g. sentence structure, sentence syntax (the phrasing and word choice), grammar, punctuation, citations, and, of course, spelling?
Are there stylistic problems you find annoying? (Unclear use of “this” and “it”? Wordiness)
These questions are meant to help you get a better sense of yourself as a writer and the goals you have for your writing.
What are your greatest strengths as a writer? What do other people normally praise about your writing style?
What is your favorite kind of writing to do? Do you participate in social networking sites like Facebook, for example? Do you like to write creatively?
What are your biggest challenges as a writer? What kinds of critiques have you received from professors, friends, and other readers?
In what contexts and for what audiences and purposes do you produce your best writing? Are there some types of writing you’re more comfortable doing than others?
If you could change one thing about your writing or your writing process, what would it be?
Have you changed as a writer over the past five years? If so, how? And for what reasons?
What are your goals as a writer? (This answer can include the kinds of writing you would like to do, the kinds of audiences you would like to reach, the writing skills you would like to master, and so on.)
What kinds of things do you think a writing group will help you do better?
How do you think you can help others in your writing group?
What, for you, would be the best possible outcome of your involvement with this writing group?