Presentation on theme: "Nine months at the European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden"— Presentation transcript:
1Nine months at the European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden Rüdiger SchmidtWith material from Mats Lindroos
2Why ESS? Why neutron scattering ? Neutron scattering can be applied to a range of scientific questions, in physics, chemistry, geology, biology, engineering and medicine.With a neutron tool kit, we can probe the structure and dynamics of materials over a wide range of length- and time-scaleslife science, soft condensed matter research, chemistry of materials, energy research, magnetic and electronic phenomena, engineering materials and geosciences, archaeology and heritage conservation,fundamental and particle physics.
3Example of using neutrons for archaeology 2012-amphore-photoProto-Corinthian ceramic vasedated to about 700–600 B.C.2012-amphore X-raysRadiography: FRM IINeutron Tomography: FRM II
8ESS - Bridging the neutron gap Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron350 mCi Ra-Be sourceChadwick19301970198019902000201020201051010101510201ISISPulsed SourcesZINP-PZINP-P/KENSWNRIPNSILLX-10CP-2Steady State SourcesHFBRHFIRNRUMTRNRXCP-1194019501960Effective thermal neutron flux n/cm2-s(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Skold and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)FRM-IISINQSNSJ-PARCESSMany of the reactor based neutron sources are being phased out = decline in the availability of neutrons = decline in competence and competitivenessThe vast majority of users will profit from a pulsed structureA large fraction of users are fully satisfied by a long pulse sourceExisting short pulse sources (ISIS, JPARC and SNS) can supply the present and imminent future need of short pulse usersLong pulse for physics flexibility (cold and thermal neutrons available)++. Keep competency in communities – countries balance in science knowledge
14Recipe for a Spallation Source Accelerate many many many protons to 1 – 2 GeVProton beam power of several MW, 1.5 * 1016 protons / secondSend the protons to a metal (tungsten) target1 GeV proton => about 20 NeutronsSlow the neutrons down to thermal energiesWatch out – do not mix meV and MeVSend them through (curved) guides to the experimentsHave an experiment (instrument) to use the neutronsSingle-Crystal Diffractometer (TOPAZ)
23ESSS: some numbersStaff number at ESS: today about 200, expected to increase to when operatingStart of operation (first protons on target) planned for 2019Projected lifetime: 40 yearsOperation budget per year: 140 M€The construction budget for ESS is 1843 M€Accelerator: 510 M€Target station: 150 M€Infrastructure: 520 M€Controls etc.: 70 M€N Instruments: 350 M€Others: administration, licencing, energy, …Not a typo
24ESS specificESS is an emerging research laboratory with (still) very limited capacity in-houseCollaborative projects: Work in a collaboration where the scope of the project can be set by the total capacity (distributed) of the partnersThe accelerator part of the project well suited for this as this community has a strong tradition of open collaboration (XFEL, FAIR, CERN, e.g.LINAC4, European commission framework programs such as EUCARD and TIARA, EURISOL,...)To keep cost down and to optimize schedule this requires that investments in required infrastructure is done at the partner with best capacity to deliver
25Prototyping the ESS accelerator Søren Pape MøllerSebastien BoussonRoger RuberPierre BoslandAnders J JohanssonCERNThe National Center for Nuclear Research, SwierkRoger BarlowIbon BustinduySanto Gammino
26Transition from construction to operation ESS Operations can be divided into three distinct phases:Initial Operations Phase (2019 – 2022, 4 years) – Includes one year of activities to produce first neutrons (2019) and three years of activities to improve accelerator performance and to commission instruments (experiments by friendly users);Initial User Program Operations (2023 – 2025, 3 years) – Includes support necessary for reliable operations with public users and provides the basis for future cost sharing; and,User Program Operations (Beginning in 2026 – ) – Routine operations including the completion and commissioning of the final 22 public instruments.
27Scope contingency for 5 MW accelerator We plan for delivering a 5 MW acceleratorThe scope contingency for the accelerator is beam power. The purchasing of power supplies and RF sources necessary to go from 2.5 to 5 MW will be scheduled discretely. These purchases will be authorized after the financial requirements for delivering 2.5 MW of beam power are secure.Each 7 M€ reduction decrease energy by 70 MeV (=175 kW at 62.5 mA)Scope contingency100 M€CM and RF sourcesSpokesMedium βHigh βDTLMEBTRFQLEBTSourceHEBT & ContingencyTarget2.4 m4.5 m3.6 m40 m54 m75 m174 m75 keV3.6 MeV90 MeV220 MeV570 MeV2000 MeVMHzMHz
29My involvement Learning about sc high intensity proton linacs Machine Protection (..organised a PLC workshop)PlanningControls systems… and many activities not related to ESS
30Some of my impressions Exciting new project in the accelerator world Together, ESS and MAXlab will become one of the major accelerator research centres in EuropeWorking methods very different from CERNVery formal definition of requirements…..Structure of technical discussions not obvious…Very little collaboration between the two labsSurprisingly little activities related to protection of personnel yet….Many challengesBuilding up a lab from scratch on a green fieldWorking with outside partners to deliver most systemsBuilding up a base with qualified personnelCollaboration in some areas can be of interest for both labs, ESS and CERNInterlock and protection systemsSuperconducting RFOthers (beam losses, BLMs, diamond detectors, ….)
32Project Review November 2013 The first ESS annual review took place at LUND the 12th-14th November 2013Present : ESS project team, 33 members of the review team organized in 7 subcommittees and 7 observers (see next slide for details)First impressions:The review committee congratulates the ESS team and its management for the quality of the material and presentations submitted to the reviewersThe ESS is now a real project from all points of view, well shaped and well organized. ESS is now managing to the established baseline.A big effort was made in the last 10 months to build up an organization structure with names and clear responsibilities attached to itThe management of the project is strong, well determined, motivated and success oriented. The ESS overall schedule foresees first protons on target in December The cost cap has been fixed to B€ (year 2013).ESS will start real construction work in June 2014 (ground break)
33Plan A and other plans…Schedule Priority – Facility construction complete at the end of with 5 MW capability installed;Operations Linked to Construction Progress – Initial operations in (production of 1st neutrons) and facility operations in (instruments available for the user program);Scope Contingency - Explicit scope contingency integrated into the accelerator plans (scope that can be delayed if necessary);Instrument Program – Technically limited schedule, leverage construction investment, plan for additional investment;Conventional facilities costs above the cost report value covered outside the cap by the host countries or new partners;