Mental health problems including anorexia and recurrent depression are as deadly as smoking, new U.K. research suggests.
Oxford University researchers say people with mental health problems in Britain have the same life expectancy as the general population in North Korea and Bangladesh.
Depression saliva test may reveal those at risk of lifelong mental illness, revolutionize treatment, researchers say
The first biological test for clinical depression has been developed by scientists in a breakthrough that researchers say will enable it to be identified and treated at an earlier stage.
Academics at Cambridge University have established a link with excess levels of the hormone cortisol.
Researchers found that teenage boys who showed traditional depressive symptoms and had high levels of the hormone were 14 times more likely to be clinically depressed.
It means that for the first time, doctors could definitively identify the illness by a simple blood test. It also marks the first time that scientists have established that depression could be caused by a chemical imbalance.
The study highlights the need for mental health patients to have their physical health monitored closely.
The researchers calculated that smoking 20 cigarettes a day was associated with a reduction in life expectancy of eight to 10 years.
This compared with an average reduction in people with bipolar disorder of between nine and 20 years, 10 to 20 years for schizophrenia and seven to 11 years for recurrent depression.
Drug and alcohol abuse removes between nine and 24 years.
One in four people in the U.K. will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year.
It is estimated about one-fifth of people smoke.
The research found that all mental health conditions studied resulted in higher death rates among sufferers when compared with the general population, with a reduction in life expectancy of between seven and 24 years. Dr. John Williams, head of neuroscience and mental health at the Wellcome Trust, said: “People with mental health problems are among the most vulnerable in society.
“This work emphasizes how crucial it is that they have access to appropriate health care and advice, which is not always the case.
“We now have strong evidence that mental illness is just as threatening to life expectancy as other public health threats such as smoking.”
The study was published in the journal World Psychiatry and was funded by the Wellcome Trust.
The research involved analyzing data from 20 studies that included more than 1.7?million people and 250,000 deaths.
Dr. Seena Fazel, the study author, of the department of psychiatry at Oxford University, said there were many potential reasons for the findings.
“High-risk behaviours are common in psychiatric patients, especially drug and alcohol abuse, and they are more likely to die by suicide.
“The stigma surrounding mental health may mean people aren’t treated as well for physical health problems when they do see a doctor.
“Many causes of mental health problems also have physical consequences and mental illness worsens the prognosis of a range of physical illnesses, especially heart disease, diabetes and cancer.
“Unfortunately, people with serious mental illnesses may not access health care effectively.
“There are effective ways to target smoking. We now need a similar effort in mental health.”