Large-scale nuclear power generation may be suitable for populated areas of southern Canada, but Nunavut’s comparatively lower power demands and decentralized habitation patterns could make the use of smaller-scale nuclear reactors (also referred to as “nuclear batteries”) more practical.
Small scale nuclear units are being developed and could be an alternative to fossil fuel electricity generation in northern, remote communities, and development sites. These small nuclear energy systems can be prebuilt and delivered to the site. They consist of modular units and are therefore are easy to transport. Because these reactor systems are modular and can be designed to meet a community’s energy needs (e.g., using only one unit or bundling several reactors together for larger power demands). These types of reactors have not yet been approved for use in Canada and are at the pre-commercialization stage.
Like large-scale nuclear reactors, small-scale nuclear reactors have potential for problems that may lead to environmental and health risks. Environmental and health risks of radioactive leaks, the transportation of radioactive materials, and the safe operation and decommissioning are issues that have been raised relating to nuclear power generation.
Small-scale nuclear reactors are currently operating in Bilibino, Siberia (Russia). Four reactors supply power to the remote community of 4,500 residents.