---
language: [en]
license: mit
datasets: [MobileViews]
pretty_name: "MobileViews: A Large-Scale Mobile GUI Dataset"
tags:
  - mobile-ui
  - user-interfaces
  - view-hierarchy
  - android-apps
  - screenshots
task_categories:
  - question-answering
  - image-to-text
task_ids:
  - task-planning
  - visual-question-answering
---
# 🚀 MobileViews: A Large-Scale Mobile GUI Dataset

**MobileViews** is a large-scale dataset designed to support research on mobile agents and mobile user interface (UI) analysis. The first release, **MobileViews-600K**, includes over **600,000** mobile UI screenshot-view hierarchy (VH) pairs collected from over **20,000 apps** on the Google Play Store. This dataset is based on the [DroidBot](https://honeynet.github.io/droidbot/), which we have optimized for large-scale data collection, capturing more comprehensive interaction details while maintaining consistency with DroidBot’s output structure.

[**📖 Read the Paper**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.14337) — If you’d like to dive deeper into the details of how we construct this dataset, or explore the training experiments we conduct using `MobileViews`, we encourage you to check out our paper. The paper, along with this dataset, contains everything you need to understand our process and replicate or build upon our findings!

## 🤗 Table of Contents

- [🚀 MobileViews: A Large-Scale Mobile GUI Dataset](#-mobileviews-a-large-scale-mobile-gui-dataset)
  - [🤗 Table of Contents](#-table-of-contents)
  - [🥳 NEWS](#-news)
  - [🧐 Dataset Overview](#-dataset-overview)
    - [Folder Structure](#folder-structure)
    - [1. MobileViews\_Screenshots\_ViewHierarchies](#1-mobileviews_screenshots_viewhierarchies)
      - [Screenshot-VH File Descriptions](#screenshot-vh-file-descriptions)
    - [2. MobileViews\_Apps\_CompleteTraces](#2-mobileviews_apps_completetraces)
      - [App Trace Folder Structure](#app-trace-folder-structure)
  - [🔎 Detailed Metadata and File Descriptions](#-detailed-metadata-and-file-descriptions)
    - [AppMetadata.csv Columns](#appmetadatacsv-columns)
    - [Index and Parquet files for `MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies`](#index-and-parquet-files-for-mobileviews_screenshots_viewhierarchies)
    - [Index files for `MobileViews_Apps_CompeleteTraces`](#index-files-for-mobileviews_apps_compeletetraces)
  - [🌏 How to Download](#-how-to-download)
    - [Download via Hugging Face Python Library](#download-via-hugging-face-python-library)
  - [📋 Usage Guidelines](#-usage-guidelines)
    - [Using `zip` and `parquet` Files in `MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies`](#using-zip-and-parquet-files-in-mobileviews_screenshots_viewhierarchies)
    - [Mapping Screenshots and States in `MobileViews_Apps_CompleteTraces`](#mapping-screenshots-and-states-in-mobileviews_apps_completetraces)
  - [🌟 Future Updates and Feedback](#-future-updates-and-feedback)
  - [🔖 Citation](#-citation)


## 🥳 NEWS

- **`2024/11`** – **New Release!** We’ve expanded the dataset to include comprehensive interaction data, now featuring traces and action sequences for `20,000+` apps.
- **`2024/10`** – **Initial Launch!** The `MobileViews` dataset is live with `600,000+` unique screenshot-VH pairs, deduplicated across `20,000+` Android apps.

## 🧐 Dataset Overview

### Folder Structure

The dataset is organized into two main folders:

1. **MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies**: Contains the core screenshot-VH pairs in both `.zip` and `.parquet` formats. All pairs are globally deduplicated based on their image hash values, ensuring unique UI states across the dataset.
2. **MobileViews_Apps_CompleteTraces**: Provides complete interaction traces for individual apps, including states, actions, and transitions.

### 1. MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies

This folder contains 600K screenshot-VH pairs, formatted in both `.zip` and `.parquet` formats. Each `.zip` and `.parquet` file pair, along with their respective CSV index files, follows a consistent data structure for easy access.

- **`Parquets/`**: `.parquet` files with binary data for screenshots and JSON content for VHs.
- **`Zip_Files/`**: `.zip` files with individual `.jpg` screenshots and `.json` VH files.
- **`Index_CSV/`**: `csv` files, like `MobileViews_index_0-150000.csv`, that map screenshot IDs to their corresponding VH files.

#### Screenshot-VH File Descriptions

- **`MobileViews_0-150000.zip`**, **`MobileViews_0-150000.parquet`** and **`MobileViews_index_0-150000.csv`**: This set, containing IDs from 0 to 150,000.
- **`MobileViews_150001-291197.zip`**, **`MobileViews_150001-291197.parquet`** and **`MobileViews_index_150001-291197.csv`**: This set, containing IDs from 150,001 to 291,197.
- **`MobileViews_300000-400000.zip`**, **`MobileViews_300000-400000.parquet`** and **`MobileViews_index_300000-400000.csv`**: This set, containing IDs from 300,000 to 400,000.
- **`MobileViews_400001-522301.zip`**, **`MobileViews_400001-522301.parquet`** and **`MobileViews_index_400001-522301.csv`**: This set, containing IDs from 400,001 to 522,301.

### 2. MobileViews_Apps_CompleteTraces

The `MobileViews_Apps_CompleteTraces` folder is a new addition, providing complete interaction traces for apps. Each app trace includes screenshots, VH files, and actions taken within the app, organized as follows:

- **`Zip_Files/`**: Each `.zip` file represents a batch of app data, named with an index and total screenshot count (e.g., `001_8348.zip` : the first batch with 8,348 screenshots).
  - Inside each zip file are **200 subfolders**, each named by an app’s package name and containing interaction data for that app. Details on each app’s interaction data structure are provided below.
- **`OneExample.zip`**: A sample app trace illustrating the folder structure and contents for a single app. This zip file includes all files and subfolders needed to explore the sample app trace offline. After downloading and extracting `OneExample.zip`, you can open `index.html` in a web browser to interactively view the app trace structure, metadata, and interactions.
- **`Index_CSV.zip`**: This zip file contains all the `.csv` files listing the app package names and screenshot counts for each corresponding zip file (e.g., `001_8348.csv` for `001_8348.zip`).

#### App Trace Folder Structure

Each app’s folder within a zip file includes:

- **`states/`**: 
  - **Screenshots**: `.jpg` files for each interaction state (e.g., `screen_1.jpg`).
  - **View Hierarchies**: `.json` and `.xml` files for each screenshot's UI structure (e.g., `state_1.json` and `window_dump_1.xml`). The `.json` format, captured by DroidBot’s internal logic via Android Accessibility Service, and the `.xml` format, captured via ADB commands, are nearly identical but differ in specific attributes.
- **`views/`**: UI elements related to interactions, such as clicked or scrolled elements for each state transition.
- **`actions.csv`**: A log of interactions within the app, with each action recorded in three columns:
  - `from_state`: The state before the action.
  - `to_state`: The state after the action.
  - `action`: The specific interaction, such as an `intent` command or `touch` on a UI element (e.g., `<button>`, `<p>`), often with details like the element's `alt` text and bounding box coordinates.
- **`index.html`**: Open in a browser for an interactive visualization of app traces. Click nodes or edges to view metadata and interaction details for each UI state and transition.
- **`utg.js`**: Supports `index.html` with structured app trace data, including UI states, transitions, and app metadata.
- **`stylesheets/`**: CSS and JavaScript files for `index.html` rendering.

## 🔎 Detailed Metadata and File Descriptions

### AppMetadata.csv Columns

The `AppMetadata.csv` file contains detailed information about each app. Columns include:

| Column              | Description                          | Column              | Description                          |
|---------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------|
| `title`             | App title                           | `installs`          | Number of installs                   |
| `minInstalls`       | Minimum number of installs          | `realInstalls`      | Real number of installs              |
| `score`             | App score (rating)                  | `ratings`           | Number of ratings                    |
| `reviews`           | Number of reviews                   | `histogram`         | Rating distribution                  |
| `price`             | App price                           | `free`              | Whether the app is free (True/False) |
| `offersIAP`         | Offers in-app purchases (True/False)| `inAppProductPrice` | In-app product price                 |
| `developer`         | Developer name                      | `developerId`       | Developer ID                         |
| `genre`             | App genre                           | `genreId`           | Genre ID                             |
| `categories`        | App categories                      | `contentRating`     | Content rating (e.g., Everyone, Teen)|
| `adSupported`       | App is ad-supported (True/False)    | `containsAds`       | App contains ads (True/False)        |
| `released`          | App release date                    | `lastUpdatedOn`     | Date of latest update                |
| `appId`             | Unique app identifier               |                      |                                      |


### Index and Parquet files for `MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies`

1. Index CSV: Located in `MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies/Index_CSV`, mapping screenshot IDs to their VH files.

    | Column       | Description                               |
    |--------------|-------------------------------------------|
    | `Image File` | Filename of the screenshot (e.g., 0.jpg)  |
    | `JSON File`  | Filename of the VH (e.g., 0.json) |

    **Example:**
    ```csv
    Image File,JSON File
    300000.jpg,300000.json
    300001.jpg,300001.json
    ```

2. **Parquet Columns**

    | Column          | Description                                                              |
    |-----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
    | `image_content` | Binary data representing the image file (e.g., screenshot in `.jpg` format) |
    | `json_content`  | JSON content representing the VH for the corresponding image |

    **Example Data in Parquet:**

    | image_content          | json_content                                                         |
    |------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
    | Binary image data       | `{"viewHierarchy": {"bounds": [0, 0, 1080, 1920], "viewClass": ...}`  |
    | Binary image data       | `{"viewHierarchy": {"bounds": [0, 0, 1080, 1920], "viewClass": ...}`  |
    | Binary image data       | `{"viewHierarchy": {"bounds": [0, 0, 1080, 1920], "viewClass": ...}`  |

### Index files for `MobileViews_Apps_CompeleteTraces`

Each index CSV in `MobileViews_Apps_CompleteTraces/Index_CSV.zip` lists the app package names and screenshot count in the corresponding zip file.

| apk_name                    | state_number |
|-----------------------------|--------------|
| com.sportzentral.app        | 25           |
| com.boostedproductivity.app | 23           |

## 🌏 How to Download

### Download via Hugging Face Python Library

**Install the library:**

```bash
pip install huggingface_hub
```

**Download specific files:**

```python
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download

# Download specific files
hf_hub_download(repo_id="mllmTeam/MobileViews", filename="MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies/Parquets/MobileViews_0-150000.parquet")
hf_hub_download(repo_id="mllmTeam/MobileViews", filename="MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies/Zip_Files/MobileViews_0-150000.zip")
hf_hub_download(repo_id="mllmTeam/MobileViews", filename="AppMetadata.csv")
```

**Download the entire repository:**

```python
from huggingface_hub

import snapshot_download

# Download the entire repository
snapshot_download(repo_id="mllmTeam/MobileViews")
```

## 📋 Usage Guidelines

### Using `zip` and `parquet` Files in `MobileViews_Screenshots_ViewHierarchies`

To verify file integrity before using the `zip` files, follow the steps below.

**Zip File Example**

```bash
# Follow these steps to validate and extract MobileViews_0-150000.zip before using its contents.
zip -T MobileViews_0-150000.zip   # Expected output: test of MobileViews_0-150000.zip OK

# Verify file counts for JSON and JPG files
unzip -l MobileViews_0-150000.zip | grep ".json" | wc -l  # Expected: 150001
unzip -l MobileViews_0-150000.zip | grep ".jpg" | wc -l   # Expected: 150001

# Check file size and SHA256 checksum
du -sh MobileViews_0-150000.zip  # Expected: 23G
sha256sum -c MobileViews_0-150000.zip.sha256  # Expected: MobileViews_0-150000.zip: OK

# Unzip
unzip MobileViews_0-150000.zip
```

**Parquet File Usage**

Parquet files are a columnar storage format that allows for efficient data handling, especially for large datasets. Each `.parquet` file contains binary data for screenshots and JSON data for VHs.

To explore or extract data from `.parquet` files, use the `useparquet.py` script provided. This script includes helpful functions, such as `check_row_count`, `save_n_images_and_jsons`, and `save_all_images_and_jsons`, to facilitate quick access to images and VHs.

```bash
pip install pyarrow

# Uncomment the function you need and run the helper script to interact with the .parquet file
python path/to/useparquet.py
```

### Mapping Screenshots and States in `MobileViews_Apps_CompleteTraces`

Each app's folder contains screenshots, states, and actions data. Use our screenshot-state mapping script (`MobileViews_Apps_CompleteTraces/screenshot_state_mapping.py`) to generate a CSV file mapping `screen_id`, `state_str (a unique hash representing each screenshot)`, `structure_str (a hash focusing on UI structure only)`, `vh_json_id` and `vh_xml_id`.

The script provides two main functions: 
- `process_single_folder(single_folder_path)` for one apk folder
- `process_multiple_folders(parent_folder_path)` for multiple APK folders

```bash
# Specify your folder path and uncomment the desired function:
# Run the script
python path/to/screenshot_state_mapping.py
```
You can also find the example output in `MobileViews_Apps_CompleteTraces/OneExample.zip`

## 🌟 Future Updates and Feedback

We’re continuously expanding the `MobileViews` dataset by crawling more apps and capturing a wider range of interactions. Future releases will bring even more data, making `MobileViews` an increasingly valuable resource for mobile UI research. 

If you have any questions, encounter issues, or want to share feedback, please don’t hesitate to reach out via email or leave a comment. We’re here to help and genuinely appreciate suggestions that could improve the dataset. Your insights are invaluable as we work to make `MobileViews` as helpful and impactful as possible for the research community.

Thank you for your support and for helping us grow `MobileViews`!

## 🔖 Citation

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite our work as follows:

```
@misc{gao2024mobileviewslargescalemobilegui,
      title={MobileViews: A Large-Scale Mobile GUI Dataset}, 
      author={Longxi Gao and Li Zhang and Shihe Wang and Shangguang Wang and Yuanchun Li and Mengwei Xu},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2409.14337},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.HC},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.14337}, 
}
```