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the big one the Bromley one going over yellow [Music] Oh inaudible she looks watching morning ladies and gents Boise gross welcome on board the curvature as we depart the key name we have to do routine safety announcement as requested by the Department of Transport situated Frank the boats life-saving equipment top deck of the boat we have buoyancy aids turned in lifejacket lockers what's on the top deck and side of the ham rails into yourself raising eyebrows and lower deck additional buoyancy aids stated lifejacket in lockers as well this morning will be taken the channel of the western reaches a pool Harbor upon entering the river Frome rubbing in Wareham right about now from Maine as we make our way up the western reaches pointing out a few places of interest as we go along very very shortly should anybody like in refreshments serving teas coffees other odds and ends on the lower deck just inside the boats just announced notice smoking throughout the boat and there is a small choices on the lower deck close to the bar if anybody has any questions or queries please don't hesitate come up as big money's mat and the crumb board today is steam now we got a quite a fresh jump site theses to the wind in the harbor here today little bit of Chopin but once we turn and head up to the west of this wind or behind us [Applause] [Music] before never [Music] they speak [Music] oh yes [Music] a lot of white noise [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] my wife [Music] and there's a carrot there as well you can see the beach huts along the shoreline well that's hammer the park this is a very popular area where the Luke was during the summer months further along from Han Park you'll see the starters and properties here this area is called Brinkley Avenue becoming a sought-after area to live in and actually hi surprises here on the shores of Hamady are slowly catching up in value with the houses then it's sandbanks nice sandbanks is at the other end of Pearl Harbor also known as a Golden Mile but coming back to these particular properties here on the shores of hammer thee is quite common these days let's when they actually come up for sale and change hands the new owners have them demolished a perfectly fine house and then have purpose-built ones to the rent design and as you'll see here today several modern style properties name appearing Balaji words are happening so camp AK thing behind us these are the properties that bring up in Dorset link the oppositely saw active action during the war but in later here's a good part of dorsal lake shipyard was made redundant and in turn it was snapped up by developers they build this complex on the shores a hammer the renamed in the area or a cone iam keen and the properties that meconium have access to their own private Rina and you'll see in a few moments once you get a little closer the owner is literally have their own yachts in boats moored just outside different doors [Music] the very first entrance leads into the right private Rena and as you can see there today the owner is literally have their own yachts and boats moored just outside their front doors and all the remains of Dorset Lakes shipyard today is behind this would it break water coming up on the right which is nice sorry used as a small yacht a bit convenient further along next door to door selling we have parts of the Royal Marine space this is Erin fitness training center on the shores of empathy and this was no what sorry formally named HMS turtle during the Second World War I'm still the Shah is a hammer the ahead of the boats your CEO Jeff T or appear coming into the channel there this is called link side or link appear once again is a very popular area for the locals during the summer months and as you can see there this morning quite a few cars and one or two camper vans parked in from the pier on the shoreline which I believe up until last year was probably the last remaining place in poor Mackenzie Park free of charge and if you can get the local authorities of night introduce practice charges sorry three or four more properties on the right there is a white one there in a box of fruit trees with the the blue tiled roof is called the boathouse little bit of history inside of the boathouse some of the rooms are fitted eight his cabins and came out to the Mauretania the Mauritania was a cruise ship built for the wine star line rendered by 1906 she held the Blue Ribbon award between Southampton and New York at the time was commandeered during the First World War used as a hospital Antrim carrier but at random in 1935 the Mauritania saw the end of her life went to the scrapyard and a lot of the furnishings and fixtures went to auction and as I say some of the rooms in that house there our fitted ain't his cabins it came out of that ship and actually the old boathouse is open to the public now it's literally just one or two days every year and I believe it's Dorset and Heritage Week and still looking over on the right and two doors to the right of the boathouse the property there with flat roofs well that's been recently completed in the last eight weeks and that plot has been empty at least for the last six years or so it's been up for sale with planning permission now that changed hands just after Christmas of this year and the plot alone sold for 1.3 million things [Applause] once against your hammer thee to the right some play clip sir just the other side of the hill is an old disused quarry this night literally fill the rain water a very deep freshwater lake well that's no no cord blue pool for the load cause but not to be mixed up with blue poor mr. Stein's soda wearer and further or not from the clay cliffs I think there's a possibility of and they're parked up on top of the hillside well that's area is called ahem comment that is a fantastic viewpoint from that location looking over this part of Pearl Harbor and further along from hand common you can see the started some holiday homes there close to those fir trees well that's called Rock Lee's sense or Rock Lee holiday park that's a huge holiday complex just a sort of pool and I believe there's over a thousand terms on that side name but of course Justin once again through the the Second World War the poor villagers remind were evacuated by the Ministry of Defense it was then taken over by the Royal Artillery it had several anti-aircraft guns placed in that area now well little got me [Music] Cheers right the hopper and they can run the dolphin three into any one of the local marinas that we have here in port lower the door nine from the side of the vessel level with the pontoons and that's neighborhoods and approach the wheelchairs on them but now I believe the dolphin threes crude entirely by volunteers [Music] acres well did the harvest a very large Harbor we only have four small rivers fled to the harbor itself earlier I'm trying to point Titans and roughly point I said there was a railway embankment in everyway bridge with the logics the Mormon begin us the Waterpik tonight [Music] she is saying that come under the jurisdiction of what was the National River Authority which is now called the environmental agency they impose a four knots speed limits on the river here today actually several good reasons for this now looking on either side of the boats you can see the huge expanse arene beds this is a bunny ball habitat to the wildlife and nesting birds in the area by both going too fast they can cause a lot of wash a lot of waves behind the boat I didn't turn this with damage this preventable habitat also like causing a lot of wash over a period of time could cause erosion to the riverbanks and slowly silt up the river front another banded reason for the low speed limit on the river here today as you see as we slowly make our way up to where we have to navigate several blind corners a new kinetic but in the last several years have been excavating sand and gravel from the site around about a thousand sons came out each week that was used locally and before they carried out the extraction also did a archeological dig on the site and then cover it and find thesis of pottery which are dated is far back as the artists to get your bearings again that's the parish church ladies of Mary now ahead of the boats as listed on the key side of we're up and the line hills are wait the parish church Elise and Mary again it appears some husband [Music] laughs mark and you make a web the center for harper also many years ago these sandstone was created from the face of the clinton ER been passing on the left and she drive down to them once you go through these small market-town aware up and cross the flood a rich worth and also these small village in a time also here at Red Cliff Lee have their own Yacht Club and this is their Clubhouse the wooded building coming up around the next corner they don't stop and as I sing earlier the liner heels away to the left of the Purbeck hills they stretch for some 24 that's a taxi in the butcher's anything yeah find a very very short a night now imagine many of you be looking around or visiting some of the small shops cafes of a firm today thing a Saturday is the weekly farmers market on the new site where we'll be stopping but this next property on the right is called the Priory the Priory is an early 16th century building which was for me the home of a monastery they called the Priory Hotel which is probably the most exclusive hotel and restaurants in Wareham today and once we go past this hedgerow on the right you'll see the well-kept manicured lawns stretching down through the hotel we went to anybody no do you know name is anybody okay no one name is anybody as I saying that is where a bridge ahead of the boat stopping on the key side but very very shortly now just to give you time to choke before we get a lot of sign to literally just gone 12 o'clock just a few minutes passage well now if we could have your back on them bones or the boat will be leaving at 20 plus one and that will get us back to porky tad and pass to now once you get an upside to clear where I'm offloading from the lower deck of the boat at the four dens there's a sharp end start hands like please bear with us for a minute - tumors and we feature we have about 640 board now failure right every day [Music] you're lucky people see you next time round on play looking sunny weather Charlie's unhappy seven go [Music] I was again good afternoon ladies gents welcome back on board the curving Jim I would do the visit up to where pertinent today return journey just over the air back alongside a key for anybody to pass to as we get closer to the commercial doctor report pointing out a few other odds and ends before we finish this afternoon and once again shoot anybody like refreshments being served on the lower [Music] [Applause] [Music] yeah [Music] by four minutes all right we go up then [Music] yeah look like yeah [Music] yes - oh poor thing ooh Anna unfortunate Big Brother event [Music] who's in the water the surveillance [Music] be honest with each other for a transport train toilet one time belong to a local builder Harry Power listed in the family the kind of day stupid stuff there are other properties on Rhode Island one of which is occupied there and the next ship is all of them the battery I'm sorry motorbike [Music] that's the shape on the messages my buddy Michael [Music] the next two ships on the left there waiting to reload it's not be this time of the year right about the harvest time we enter supports rapeseed from tall nothing goes across the channel to France and as you see an array of different size boats in and out of the water ahead of us mate we have poor bridge the other side of poor bridge there is another big bay called whole thing boys are the headquarters of the RN alliance that's the Royal National Lifeboat institution up in hopes think they have the mean Diplo and then carry aims with other the career training and seeds but as we get closer to the lifting bridge shooting on the edge of the key there that's possible classified station the harbor cottages services Green under the last up they are denied housing delivery of a brand-new 1338 that pastors need to ensure lifeboats on the right-hand side I may be curious prices in the Sun secretly reduce careful that's here but 99% of empire is a company established over 40 years ago when two little men two brothers with the braithwaite's in the early years was actually called for paradise something outside budget TV just stay seated yeah but that's repentance until we aren't security boards

the big one the bromley one going over yellow 0 inaudible she looks watching morning ladies and gents boise gross welcome on board the curvature as we depart the key name we have to do routine safety announcement as requested by the department of transport situated frank the boats life saving equipment top deck of the boat we have buoyancy aids turned in lifejacket lockers what is on the top deck and side of the ham rails into yourself raising eyebrows and lower deck additional buoyancy aids stated lifejacket in lockers as well this morning will be taken the channel of the western reaches a pool harbor upon entering the river frome rubbing in wareham right about now from maine as we make our way up the western reaches pointing out a few places of interest as we go along very very shortly should anybody like in refreshments serving teas coffees other odds and ends on the lower deck just inside the boats just announced notice smoking throughout the boat and there is a small choices on the lower deck close to the bar if anybody has any questions or queries please do not hesitate come up as big money is mat and the crumb board today is steam now we got a quite a fresh jump site theses to the wind in the harbor here today little bit of chopin but once we turn and head up to the west of this wind or behind us before never they speak 0 yes a lot of white noise my wife and there is a carrot there as well you can see the beach huts along the shoreline well that is hammer the park this is a very popular area where the luke was during the summer months further along from han park you will see the starters and properties here this area is called brinkley avenue becoming a sought after area to live in and actually hi surprises here on the shores of hamady are slowly catching up in value with the houses then it is sandbanks nice sandbanks is at the other end of pearl harbor also known as a golden mile but coming back to these particular properties here on the shores of hammer thee is quite common these days let us when they actually come up for sale and change hands the new owners have them demolished a perfectly fine house and then have purpose built ones to the rent design and as you will see here today several modern style properties name appearing balaji words are happening so camp ak thing behind us these are the properties that bring up in dorset link the oppositely saw active action during the war but in later here is a good part of dorsal lake shipyard was made redundant and in turn it was snapped up by developers they build this complex on the shores a hammer the renamed in the area or a cone iam keen and the properties that meconium have access to their own private rina and you will see in a few moments once you get a little closer the owner is literally have their own yachts in boats moored just outside different doors the very 1st entrance leads into the right private rena and as you can see there today the owner is literally have their own yachts and boats moored just outside their front doors and all the remains of dorset lakes shipyard today is behind this would it break water coming up on the right which is nice sorry used as a small yacht a bit convenient further along next door to door selling we have parts of the royal marine space this is erin fitness training center on the shores of empathy and this was no what sorry formally named hms turtle during the 2nd world war i am still the shah is a hammer the ahead of the boats your ceo jeff t or appear coming into the channel there this is called link side or link appear once again is a very popular area for the locals during the summer months and as you can see there this morning quite a few cars and one or 2 camper vans parked in from the pier on the shoreline which i believe up until last year was probably the last remaining place in poor mackenzie park free of charge and if you can get the local authorities of night introduce practice charges sorry 3 or 4 more properties on the right there is a white one there in a box of fruit trees with the the blue tiled roof is called the boathouse little bit of history inside of the boathouse some of the rooms are fitted 8 his cabins and came out to the mauretania the mauritania was a cruise ship built for the wine star line rendered by 1906 she held the blue ribbon award between southampton and new york at the time was commandeered during the 1st world war used as a hospital antrim carrier but at random in 1935 the mauritania saw the end of her life went to the scrapyard and a lot of the furnishings and fixtures went to auction and as i say some of the rooms in that house there our fitted aint his cabins it came out of that ship and actually the old boathouse is open to the public now it is literally just one or 2 days every year and i believe it is dorset and heritage week and still looking over on the right and 2 doors to the right of the boathouse the property there with flat roofs well that has been recently completed in the last 8 weeks and that plot has been empty at least for the last 6 years or so it has been up for sale with planning permission now that changed hands just after christmas of this year and the plot alone sold for 1300000 things once against your hammer thee to the right some play clip sir just the other side of the hill is an old disused quarry this night literally fill the rain water a very deep freshwater lake well that is no no cord blue pool for the load cause but not to be mixed up with blue poor mister stein is soda wearer and further or not from the clay cliffs i think there is a possibility of and they are parked up on top of the hillside well that is area is called ahem comment that is a fantastic viewpoint from that location looking over this part of pearl harbor and further along from hand common you can see the started some holiday homes there close to those fir trees well that is called rock lee is sense or rock lee holiday park that is a huge holiday complex just a sort of pool and i believe there is over a 1000 terms on that side name but of course justin once again through the the 2nd world war the poor villagers remind were evacuated by the ministry of defense it was then taken over by the royal artillery it had several anti aircraft guns placed in that area now well little got me cheers right the hopper and they can run the dolphin 3 into any one of the local marinas that we have here in port lower the door 9 from the side of the vessel level with the pontoons and that is neighborhoods and approach the wheelchairs on them but now i believe the dolphin 3s crude entirely by volunteers acres well did the harvest a very large harbor we only have 4 small rivers fled to the harbor itself earlier i am trying to point titans and roughly point i said there was a railway embankment in everyway bridge with the logics the mormon begin us the waterpik tonight she is saying that come under the jurisdiction of what was the national river authority which is now called the environmental agency they impose a 4 knots speed limits on the river here today actually several good reasons for this now looking on either side of the boats you can see the huge expanse arene beds this is a bunny ball habitat to the wildlife and nesting birds in the area by both going too fast they can cause a lot of wash a lot of waves behind the boat i did not turn this with damage this preventable habitat also like causing a lot of wash over a period of time could cause erosion to the riverbanks and slowly silt up the river front another banded reason for the low speed limit on the river here today as you see as we slowly make our way up to where we have to navigate several blind corners a new kinetic but in the last several years have been excavating sand and gravel from the site around about a 1000 sons came out each week that was used locally and before they carried out the extraction also did a archaeological dig on the site and then cover it and find thesis of pottery which are dated is far back as the artists to get your bearings again that is the parish church ladies of mary now ahead of the boats as listed on the key side of we are up and the line hills are wait the parish church elise and mary again it appears some husband laughs mark and you make a web the center for harper also many years ago these sandstone was created from the face of the clinton er been passing on the left and she drive down to them once you go through these small market town aware up and cross the flood a rich worth and also these small village in a time also here at red cliff lee have their own yacht club and this is their clubhouse the wooded building coming up around the next corner they do not stop and as i sing earlier the liner heels away to the left of the purbeck hills they stretch for some 24 that is a taxi in the butcher is anything yeah find a very very short a night now imagine many of you be looking around or visiting some of the small shops cafes of a firm today thing a saturday is the weekly farmers market on the new site where we will be stopping but this next property on the right is called the priory the priory is an early 16th century building which was for me the home of a monastery they called the priory hotel which is probably the most exclusive hotel and restaurants in wareham today and once we go past this hedgerow on the right you will see the well kept manicured lawns stretching down through the hotel we went to anybody no do you know name is anybody okay no one name is anybody as i saying that is where a bridge ahead of the boat stopping on the key side but very very shortly now just to give you time to choke before we get a lot of sign to literally just gone 120 clock just a few minutes passage well now if we could have your back on them bones or the boat will be leaving at 21 and that will get us back to porky tad and pass to now once you get an upside to clear where i am offloading from the lower deck of the boat at the 4 dens there is a sharp end start hands like please bear with us for a minute tumors and we feature we have about 640 board now failure right every day you are lucky people see you next time round on play looking sunny weather charlie is unhappy 7 go i was again good afternoon ladies gents welcome back on board the curving jim i would do the visit up to where pertinent today return journey just over the air back alongside a key for anybody to pass to as we get closer to the commercial doctor report pointing out a few other odds and ends before we finish this afternoon and once again shoot anybody like refreshments being served on the lower yeah by 4 minutes all right we go up then yeah look like yeah yes 0 poor thing ooh anna unfortunate big brother event who is in the water the surveillance be honest with each other for a transport train toilet one time belong to a local builder harry power listed in the family the kind of day stupid stuff there are other properties on rhode island one of which is occupied there and the next ship is all of them the battery i am sorry motorbike that is the shape on the messages my buddy michael the next 2 ships on the left there waiting to reload it is not be this time of the year right about the harvest time we enter supports rapeseed from tall nothing goes across the channel to france and as you see an array of different size boats in and out of the water ahead of us mate we have poor bridge the other side of poor bridge there is another big bay called whole thing boys are the headquarters of the rn alliance that is the royal national lifeboat institution up in hopes think they have the mean diplo and then carry aims with other the career training and seeds but as we get closer to the lifting bridge shooting on the edge of the key there that is possible classified station the harbor cottages services green under the last up they are denied housing delivery of a brand new 1338 that pastors need to ensure lifeboats on the right hand side i may be curious prices in the sun secretly reduce careful that is here but 99% of empire is a company established over 40 years ago when 2 little men 2 brothers with the braithwaite is in the early years was actually called for paradise something outside budget tv just stay seated yeah but that is repentance until we are not security boards

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PM_O1cxCdxc

hey Chapel Street Church family I'm excited to tell you about our next generosity initiative as you probably know every year in Advent season during Christmas we select a serve the world partner to tell you their story to pray for them and to encourage you to be generous to what God is doing in their Ministries and then usually one other time of year we pick another servable partner to do the same thing this year with our vacation bible school students happening right now who are always generous during those weeks to give we've decided to partner with our kids to support a Ministry called cure Zambia cure is a remarkable Ministry they're putting first world hospitals in developing countries and the hospital in Zambia cure Zambia is one I've actually been to with my wife years ago to see firsthand this life-changing Ministry that they're a part of and we have a church-wide goal across all of our campuses together with our kids in VBS to bless this ministry to provide enough money to hire a new surgeon equip a new Surgical Center and provide the necessary resources for the children's equipment as they were cover from these life-changing surgeries again I've been there I've seen these families and these children and how what Kira is doing changes them transform them both physically and spiritually and so together this is a great opportunity for us to demonstrate the generosity of our God across the world let me just take a minute to speak to those of you who have never yet taken a step of generosity here at Chapel Street Church this is the perfect opportunity for you to take that step to be generous to what God is doing because this money is being given away to bless a remarkable Ministry and bless people we may never meet the people who God sees and God knows and God loves and cares about so let's together as a church family along with our kids be generous and reflect the heart of God when we're generous we reflect God's heart we move the mission forward and we remind ourselves that this life all we have is a gift of God's grace it's not ours it's his the Chapel Street Church let's jump in this journey together well what a great opportunity that we have to follow our kids lead in showing generosity and making an impact being a part of this partnership with cure this great organization doing such good work in Zambia Pastor Jeff mentioned it in his video but but this is part of who we are as a church this is something that is in our DNA we believe this that that generosity is one of the ways that we worship God that that God is honored and blessed and God uses our giving in great ways here in our community at our church but also all the way around the world we believe that everything we have is from him and everything belongs to him and should be used for his purposes and we're going to be talking about this project for the next several weeks and today I just want to invite you to consider how you might be a part of this project how you might be able to to give what you have if you're a part of our church especially if you've never been part of this before what better way to start what what better project than this knowing that every dollar will be given away and every dollar counts and we want every one of you to be a part of this and so start considering what it might be for you whether it's not getting coffee or lunch one day or something much greater than that we want you to be invited and we want you to be a part of this you can check out our website for more information as well let's pray as we open up God's word Heavenly Father we do thank you for the celebration of baptism we thank you for the gift of worship we we thank you for people that do good work all the way around the world and that you invite us to be a part of it father as we open up your word now we ask for wisdom we ask that you would speak to us in this moment and in this place we pray all this in your name amen uh several months ago my wife Judy and I had a conversation about whether or not she would attend what was in her words one of the most important moments of her life seeing Taylor Swift live at Soldier Field uh some of you might be aware of this her Nationwide concert tour that's that's going on what you might not be aware of is the lengths that people have gone to to be a part of it I was researching this the other day according to one article that I read the average resale ticket price to go to a concert over twenty four hundred dollars some tickets are going for over thirty thousand dollars can you believe that a a Chocolate Company in Philadelphia ran a contest where they sold candy bars with a code inside and if your code was picked you would win a ticket to her show like we're going full Wonka here people this is crazy for those that did go some tried to earn their money back one person took confetti that I guess was used in the concert and picked a bunch up from the floor and tried to sell it on eBay for 55 dollars at one of the shows I guess it rained and someone took a jar of rain water and tried to sell it for 250 dollars this is my favorite one uh I don't know if this one is serious or not but but someone tried to sell a bag of concert air and this was the quote listen to this it cannot be confirmed but there is a high probability that Taylor actually breathed this particular sample of air at some point in time during the show this is your chance to have a piece of her and the eras tour forever one hundred dollars that's the best sentence I've ever read that's incredible I truly believe this if Taylor Swift wanted to take over the world she could like she does not have fans she has an army that's incredible uh and to answer your question my wife did not go we decided to pay our bills that month that was the that was the choice that seemed wise today we are in week two of our summer series the pursuit of wisdom as we spend the next few months exploring the Book of Proverbs and the wisdom that is found within it wisdom as we looked at last week is not the same as information not the same as knowledge but rather this is the definition of wisdom that we gave that wisdom is this skill of living a Godly and faithful life wisdom is a skill of living life the way that God wants us who is not just about being smart it's not just about knowing the right answers it's about having the ability growing in our skill set to apply what we know about God to live in the world that he has made Charles Spurgeon put it this way that wisdom is The Right Use of knowledge this is why Solomon wrote the Book of Proverbs because like Taylor Swift's most devoted fans he too believed that there was something worth any price something worth pursuing a treasure that there would be no length that we do not go in order to find it that we should be devoted in our pursuit of the wisdom of God today we're continuing our study by turning to Proverbs Chapter 2 and what Solomon does here is give us three ways to do just that three ways to find and be filled with the wisdom of God we see the pursuit of wisdom the source and the path of wisdom we'll start with this first one the pursuit of wisdom if you have a Bible with you turn with me to Proverbs Chapter 2 uh we're going to read the first five verses here Proverbs 2 verse 1. my son if you accept my words and store up my commands within you listening closely to wisdom and directing your heart to understanding furthermore if you call out to Insight and lift your voice to understanding if you seek it like silver search for it like hidden treasure then you will understand the fear of the Lord and discover the knowledge of God recently I was talking to a friend of mine about the skill that people have that we are most jealous of you ever thought about that what is what is the skill what is it that some people are able to do that that if you could instantly Master one thing in the world what would it be my answer is the skill of being able to fix things I am the least handy person that you know these are preacher Sans and not workers hands they can't do anything uh and so some people are like this and maybe you're like this where if something is broken your brain just kind of knows what to do about it you just know how to fix it these are the people that don't read instruction manuals they just throw them out immediately and I am the complete opposite of that if something is broken I just give up immediately I take my car to the shop and they tell me what's wrong and you do that thing you just nod along and pretend you know the words that they're saying that's where I'm at in life if I could Master a skill it would be that one so all that to say if anything is ever broken in your house don't call me unless you need me to pray over it I can do that just fine that's all I have to offer to the world this is what Solomon is teaching here put the verses back up here and and notice with me for just a second all of the action words that we see in this passage notice what we're supposed to do with wisdom something to accept something to store up something to listen to to direct our hearts toward go to the next verse furthermore if you call out for it if you lift your voice for it if you seek it like silver search for it like treasure is this idea that Solomon is teaching that wisdom is worthy of any Pursuit that we might give it wisdom is a treasure something to store up in our hearts that there is no skill more worth having than knowing how to live wisely in the world that God has made this is something that that Solomon teaches throughout the Proverbs in in Proverbs 3 verse 13 you see this that that happy is a man who finds wisdom and who acquires understanding for she is more profitable than silver and her revenue is better than gold in chapter 4 verse 7 it says wisdom is supreme so get wisdom and whatever else you get get understanding the wisdom of God is a treasure worthy of our Pursuit why what makes wisdom so valuable what makes it worthy of our Pursuit here's what I think Solomon is showing us two benefits of wisdom that wisdom equips us and wisdom transforms us wisdom equips us when we pursue wisdom this is what we gain insight understanding instruction that that wisdom leads not just to intelligence not just to cleverness wisdom leads us to the very knowledge of who God is Paul talks about this in First Corinthians chapter one and in verse 30 he says it is from him that you are in Christ Jesus who became wisdom from God for us in other words when we pursue Jesus or when we pursue wisdom rather it is Jesus that we find he doesn't just have wisdom he is wisdom becoming wise is the process of God equipping his people to respond his way God equipping his people to see the world as he does and know what to do about it isn't that something that you want don't you want that isn't there isn't it hard to think of many things that the world needs more than that wouldn't you love to be able to look at the world and see all the issues that are going on and isn't it so easy to feel overwhelmed like you just don't know what to do about it don't you wish you could see those things clearly see those things as God does and know how to respond don't you want that when you're talking with a friend and the subject of God comes up and you're tempted to just freeze or change the subject don't you wish you could see that person as God does to know how to respond to their questions their doubts parents isn't this something you want for your kids as we raise them in a world filled with opinions and messages and questions about what good is and who God is don't you want them to see things clearly to see what truth is and yet also to know how to respond in love and Grace and understanding this is what wisdom offers it equips us to see the world as God does and to respond as he would wisdom equips us that's the first benefit it also transforms us and again this is a theme of Proverbs teaching that becoming wise is not just about taking in good advice not just about learning good behavior but wisdom rather is the process of God Transforming Our Hearts to become more like his look with me to Proverbs chapter 3 the first couple of verses here it says my son don't forget my teaching but let your heart keep my commands for they will bring you many days a full life and well-being never let loyalty and faithfulness leave you tie them around your neck write them on the tablet of your heart does that mean let your heart keep my commands how do we do that would it make more sense for our minds or our hands or our feet to keep commands how can our hearts keep the word of God here's how I think about it I think for a moment about the difference between a partnership and a marriage imagine that in your work you you made a partnership agreement with another person or another company and in that agreement there were a list of things that you agreed to that you wouldn't cheat the other person that you would act with Integrity that you would be honest with each other and if you broke that agreement there would be penalties or fines or some sort of consequence to pay now whether or not you liked that person you would probably follow the agreement wouldn't you contrast that to a marriage where you make the same agreement except they're called vows same behavior same agreement completely different relationship why because in that partnership you obey because you have to in a marriage you obey because you love that other person because your heart has been transformed it is not just your mind that does those things your heart keeps the commands this is what wisdom offers to us there's a great verse in Jeremiah chapter 15 that says this your words were found and I ate them your words became a delight to me and the joy of my heart for I bear Your Name Lord God of armies in other words this is the second benefit of wisdom that when we pursue it God doesn't just promise to change our Behavior he promises to change our very hearts to love the things that he loves and become more like him wise people don't just follow God because they know they should they do it because they have been and are being transformed by the love of God because they've seen how good life is when they live how God intends wisdom equips us to respond as God's people and it transforms us that we would love to do so I love how Jesus puts it this way in a Sermon on the Mount that where your treasure is they're your heart will be also this is how we are to view wisdom priceless invaluable treasure worthy of our Pursuit that we would cry out that we would store it up that we would ask for it long for it pray for it search for it in his word do we do you do do I as we look at our lives do we view wisdom as a treasure worth pursuing do we cry out for the wisdom of God are there no lengths that we would not go to in order to find it what if we did what if this was our desire The Cry of our heart that God more than anything the world can offer me what I want is your wisdom to see things through your eyes and to be able to respond as you would your wisdom transform my heart and the way that I live and the choices that I make and the words that I use this is the pursuit of wisdom that brings us to the next part of our proverb the source of wisdom uh I'm sure I've uh shared this story before I remember the exact moment in my life where I realized that I was not as smart as I thought I was I was 18 years old I was a freshman in college I don't know how you were when you were 18 but when I was 18 I was pretty convinced that I had figured everything out like I was I was pretty smart I knew it all uh it only took 18 years pretty impressive no big deal and when I went to college my first ever exam in college was for my Old Testament class in my old testament Professor was famous for how difficult his classes were and I remember someone coming to me and asking if I was worried about that exam and I said I'm not worried about the exam the exam should be worried about me that is the most annoying thing I've ever said that's awful and sure enough I sat down I took that test and I got a D minus which was the lowest in all in my entire class and and that was all that it took for me to realize that maybe there was someone out there smarter than me that maybe there was a source of wisdom that I did not have access to some of you were wondering should we be listening to D minus preach I got an A minus in the class relax we're gonna be fine this is what Solomon's teaching to his son look with me to Proverbs 2 verses 5 and 6. it says then you will understand the fear of the Lord and discover the knowledge of God for the Lord gives wisdom from his mouth come knowledge in understanding notice this with me how Solomon has been giving us all these ways to find wisdom that if we listen for it and if we cry out for it and if we search for it and it's all of these if statements and finally in verse five we get to the then if you do all of this then what you understand the fear of the Lord you discover who God really is think back if you were with us last week to the first proverb that Solomon gave to us how he introduced this idea of wisdom Proverbs 1 verse 7 says that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge fools despise wisdom and discipline fear of the Lord is the foundation the beginning of knowledge again it's important to understand what fear of the Lord really means what we're not saying is that we must be fearful of God's anger that might erupt at us in any moment what he's not saying is that God is against us and we should tiptoe around him in case we make him mad fear of the Lord is simply seeing who he really is and being in awe of what we see fear of the Lord is recognizing that there is an all-powerful God and there is a perfect source of wisdom and it is not me I love how C.S Lewis puts it you thought you weren't going to get a C.S Lewis quote didn't you in God you come up against something which is in every respect immeasurably Superior to yourself wisdom recognizes that it is not my place to decide right and wrong good and evil that the boundaries that God places in my life are gifts from a loving father and not shackles from a cruel and disappointed one this is the beginning the foundation of what it means to be wise to recognize that true wisdom is not something that I can just muster up on my own there is only one source one beginning of wisdom we see it in verse six the Lord is the one who gives it his mouth come knowledge and understanding and not mile this is why Solomon begins this proverb the way that he does we saw this back in verse one he says my son if you accept my words in fact this is what the first seven chapters of Proverbs are a series of teachings from Solomon to one of his children and over and over this is how he begins it we see in back in verse 1 or in chapter one in verse 8 it says listen my son to your father's instruction don't reject your mother's teaching in chapter four my son pay attention to my words two more times we see this in chapter five my son pay attention to my wisdom my son obey my words do you see the pattern Solomon here is longing for calling out for his son to listen to his words to believe that there is no wisdom and there is no knowledge outside of what God has said this is the way that wise people live this is what it means to fear the lord to declare that God is God and I am not he is the source of wisdom life is better when he is in control recently I came across an article written by an MIT Professor named Rosalind Picard Dr Picard on top of teaching is a scientist an inventor she has founded multiple research organizations I'll be honest with you guys when I read her bio there were a lot of words that I didn't know the meaning of so we'll just call her a smart person is that cool so this smart person wrote an article about the way that she came to Faith In Jesus and I was struck by her story listen to how she describes the way that she initially thought about faith and some of the hesitations that she said that she had she said I assumed that Faith was not intellectual or based on evidence that religious people were not real thinkers and that if they only thought hard enough then they would see that their religion was unnecessary I believe things I heard such as that religion was invented to help people cope better I thought my way without any God was the truth and was scientific therefore it was the best way she goes on she talks about how she came to Faith how someone in her life was a good neighbor and talk to her about God and gave her a Bible and told her to read proverbs and she was amazed at the wisdom that she saw in it she ended up reading the rest of her Bible and started questioning and wondering about faith and and she describes in her writing this kind of wrestling match that she had between her way and her being in charge and her being in control and trusting her life to Jesus this is how she ends the article I love this she says today I am a professor at the top university in my field I have incredible colleagues who have helped translate my lab Research into difference making products including a smart watch that helps caregivers save the lives of people with epilepsy I told you smart person I once thought I was too smart to believe in God she goes on now I know I was an arrogant fool who snubbed the greatest mind in the cosmos the author of all science mathematics art and everything else there is to know today I walk humbly having received the most undeserved Grace I walk with joy along the most amazing companion anyone could ask for filled with desire to keep learning and exploring of all people to trust in their own knowledge and wisdom it would be her Brilliant Minds top Professor someone who truly believed my way is the best way who now walks humbly and joyfully because she recognized that there is only one source of wisdom and it was not her the question that wisdom requires an answer to it's a question that Solomon asked of his son and it's the question that your heavenly father today asks of you will you accept my words will you accept my words are you willing to accept the wisdom of God are you open this summer as we continue in this series to hear something that might challenge you make you feel uncomfortable to recognize a part of your life in which you have been foolish are you willing to change a habit to turn back from sin to humble yourself with the wisdom of God shows you a place of pride do you believe that there is someone out there who knows more than you do even about your own life what is the source of your wisdom yourself your ever-changing culture with the greatest mind in the cosmos the author of every good thing in your life and in mine this is the invitation that wisdom gives to recognize that he is the one who gives it he is the source his way is the best way and I can trust in him he is the source of wisdom last thing I want to show you today that he is the path of wisdom turn with me uh to back to Proverbs 2 we're going to read the last several verses here today verse seven it says this he stores up success for the upright he is a shield for the those who live with Integrity so that he may guard the paths of justice and protect the way of his faithful followers then you will understand righteousness Justice and integrity every good path for wisdom will enter your heart and knowledge will Delight you discretion will watch over you and understanding will guard you Falcon has a senior in high school I remember going through uh this season where I felt so much anxiety about where I was going to go to college that next year I've been accepted into two schools that I was interested both would allow me to study Ministry which I knew I was called to do at that point and I remember going through this time of of trying to discern trying to figure out which door God wanted me to walk through which school was right for me and I I was just praying about this for months and asking for wisdom and asking for his guidance and I remember talking about this with one of my youth leaders at my church and he said something that was so foundational for me he said what if both doors are open and there's no wrong answer as long as you still follow Jesus I remember thinking about that and and it changing the way that I think about wisdom and this I think is how Solomon describes what it means to live wisely not as a door to choose from but a path to walk on he describes it this way all throughout Proverbs and in chapter 4 verse 11 it says I'm teaching you the way of wisdom I am guiding you on straight paths so often I think we get this wrong where we think of the wisdom of God as as what school should I go to or what person should I marry or what job should I take or what place should I live in God cares about all of those things but this is what Solomon is writing that God cares more about the person that you are becoming than the place that you are going this is the image that Proverbs uses that there are two paths that we can choose from the path of righteousness and Justice and integrity and rest and peace the path of God's presence and the path of evil and wickedness and death and over and over this is Solomon's instruction to his son to choose your path wisely many of you will have heard these verses Proverbs 3 verse 5 it says trust in the Lord with all your heart and do not rely on your own understanding in all your ways know him and he will make your paths straight this is Solomon's point and this is how wisdom enters into your life not by living in fear that if I make the wrong choice somehow God is going to be mad or I'm going to be outside of his will wisdom isn't a door it's a path it's a way of living it's a place where these things reside look at verse 9 with me it says that there is a place of righteousness and Justice and integrity that is the path that God has called us to if you have a decision to make in your life if you're wondering what you should do this should be the filter through which you view it that if I take that job or I marry that person or I move to that place will I become closer or farther away from the way of Jesus will this job expect me to give up my Integrity in order to make a profit when I'm around that person do I become more loving and caring and kind to others or do I become more judgmental arrogant cruel this is the filter through which we view things will I stay on the right path if I say yes as long as we do then there is freedom for you to choose and there is Trust that God will lead you as you do Timothy Keller puts it this way he says that who you become is a product of how you do the little things every day this I think is what Solomon is teaching us that wisdom rarely just shows up when you have a life-changing decision to make if you want to be wise it is built on the everyday Steps of Faith that you take towards the way that Jesus has called you to this is the calling of wisdom the the fatherly advice that Solomon offers to us all today to keep walking towards the wisdom of God to keep pursuing him to be devoted to his word and to prayer to accept the words that he has given you and take one step of Faith after another and trust that his word and his way and his understanding is enough he will make your path straight he will keep you in the way of life this is the way of wisdom let me pray for you our heavenly father we we do thank you for the wisdom that you offer the wisdom that is found in your word and the promise that you make that we can trust in you Lord I do pray today for those that are making a decision those that are seeking your will longing to know what you would have them do we pray that you would protect our path that you would guide us that you would reveal to us how it is that we can honor you best no matter what choices we make father ask that you would put in us a spirit of longing for your word longing to spend time in your presence that you would give us humility to accept what you tell us to do make us wise this is our prayer amen amen again we're so glad that you could be here today if we can be praying for you anything going on in your life if you're in need of the wisdom of God our prayer team is available back in the glass room if you came prepared to give we're thankful for your generosity there are boxes in the back you can give online as well would you receive now today's benediction would you go in the power the knowledge the righteousness and the wisdom of Jesus Christ the one who is the wisdom of God would you trust in his ways follow his lead and walk on his path amen [Music] foreign [Music]

hey chapel street church family i am excited to tell you about our next generosity initiative as you probably know every year in advent season during christmas we select a serve the world partner to tell you their story to pray for them and to encourage you to be generous to what god is doing in their ministries and then usually one other time of year we pick another servable partner to do the same thing this year with our vacation bible school students happening right now who are always generous during those weeks to give we have decided to partner with our kids to support a ministry called cure zambia cure is a remarkable ministry they are putting 1st world hospitals in developing countries and the hospital in zambia cure zambia is one i have actually been to with my wife years ago to see firsthand this life changing ministry that they are a part of and we have a church wide goal across all of our campuses together with our kids in vbs to bless this ministry to provide enough money to hire a new surgeon equip a new surgical center and provide the necessary resources for the children is equipment as they were cover from these life changing surgeries again i have been there i have seen these families and these children and how what kira is doing changes them transform them both physically and spiritually and so together this is a great opportunity for us to demonstrate the generosity of our god across the world let me just take a minute to speak to those of you who have never yet taken a step of generosity here at chapel street church this is the perfect opportunity for you to take that step to be generous to what god is doing because this money is being given away to bless a remarkable ministry and bless people we may never meet the people who god sees and god knows and god loves and cares about so let us together as a church family along with our kids be generous and reflect the heart of god when we are generous we reflect god is heart we move the mission forward and we remind ourselves that this life all we have is a gift of god is grace it is not ours it is his the chapel street church let us jump in this journey together well what a great opportunity that we have to follow our kids lead in showing generosity and making an impact being a part of this partnership with cure this great organization doing such good work in zambia pastor jeff mentioned it in his video but but this is part of who we are as a church this is something that is in our dna we believe this that that generosity is one of the ways that we worship god that that god is honored and blessed and god uses our giving in great ways here in our community at our church but also all the way around the world we believe that everything we have is from him and everything belongs to him and should be used for his purposes and we are going to be talking about this project for the next several weeks and today i just want to invite you to consider how you might be a part of this project how you might be able to to give what you have if you are a part of our church especially if you have never been part of this before what better way to start what what better project than this knowing that every dollar will be given away and every dollar counts and we want every one of you to be a part of this and so start considering what it might be for you whether it is not getting coffee or lunch one day or something much greater than that we want you to be invited and we want you to be a part of this you can check out our website for more information as well let us pray as we open up god is word heavenly father we do thank you for the celebration of baptism we thank you for the gift of worship we we thank you for people that do good work all the way around the world and that you invite us to be a part of it father as we open up your word now we ask for wisdom we ask that you would speak to us in this moment and in this place we pray all this in your name amen several months ago my wife judy and i had a conversation about whether or not she would attend what was in her words one of the most important moments of her life seeing taylor swift live at soldier field some of you might be aware of this her nationwide concert tour that is that is going on what you might not be aware of is the lengths that people have gone to to be a part of it i was researching this the other day according to one article that i read the average resale ticket price to go to a concert over $2400 some tickets are going for over $30000 can you believe that a a chocolate company in philadelphia ran a contest where they sold candy bars with a code inside and if your code was picked you would win a ticket to her show like we are going full wonka here people this is crazy for those that did go some tried to earn their money back one person took confetti that i guess was used in the concert and picked a bunch up from the floor and tried to sell it on ebay for $55 at one of the shows i guess it rained and someone took a jar of rain water and tried to sell it for $250 this is my favorite one i do not know if this one is serious or not but but someone tried to sell a bag of concert air and this was the quote listen to this it cannot be confirmed but there is a high probability that taylor actually breathed this particular sample of air at some point in time during the show this is your chance to have a piece of her and the eras tour forever $100 that is the best sentence i have ever read that is incredible i truly believe this if taylor swift wanted to take over the world she could like she does not have fans she has an army that is incredible and to answer your question my wife did not go we decided to pay our bills that month that was the that was the choice that seemed wise today we are in week 2 of our summer series the pursuit of wisdom as we spend the next few months exploring the book of proverbs and the wisdom that is found within it wisdom as we looked at last week is not the same as information not the same as knowledge but rather this is the definition of wisdom that we gave that wisdom is this skill of living a godly and faithful life wisdom is a skill of living life the way that god wants us who is not just about being smart it is not just about knowing the right answers it is about having the ability growing in our skill set to apply what we know about god to live in the world that he has made charles spurgeon put it this way that wisdom is the right use of knowledge this is why solomon wrote the book of proverbs because like taylor swift is most devoted fans he too believed that there was something worth any price something worth pursuing a treasure that there would be no length that we do not go in order to find it that we should be devoted in our pursuit of the wisdom of god today we are continuing our study by turning to proverbs chapter 2 and what solomon does here is give us 3 ways to do just that 3 ways to find and be filled with the wisdom of god we see the pursuit of wisdom the source and the path of wisdom we will start with this 1st one the pursuit of wisdom if you have a bible with you turn with me to proverbs chapter 2 we are going to read the 1st 5 verses here proverbs 2 verse one my son if you accept my words and store up my commands within you listening closely to wisdom and directing your heart to understanding furthermore if you call out to insight and lift your voice to understanding if you seek it like silver search for it like hidden treasure then you will understand the fear of the lord and discover the knowledge of god recently i was talking to a friend of mine about the skill that people have that we are most jealous of you ever thought about that what is what is the skill what is it that some people are able to do that that if you could instantly master one thing in the world what would it be my answer is the skill of being able to fix things i am the least handy person that you know these are preacher sans and not workers hands they can not do anything and so some people are like this and maybe you are like this where if something is broken your brain just kind of knows what to do about it you just know how to fix it these are the people that do not read instruction manuals they just throw them out immediately and i am the complete opposite of that if something is broken i just give up immediately i take my car to the shop and they tell me what is wrong and you do that thing you just nod along and pretend you know the words that they are saying that is where i am at in life if i could master a skill it would be that one so all that to say if anything is ever broken in your house do not call me unless you need me to pray over it i can do that just fine that is all i have to offer to the world this is what solomon is teaching here put the verses back up here and and notice with me for just a 2nd all of the action words that we see in this passage notice what we are supposed to do with wisdom something to accept something to store up something to listen to to direct our hearts toward go to the next verse furthermore if you call out for it if you lift your voice for it if you seek it like silver search for it like treasure is this idea that solomon is teaching that wisdom is worthy of any pursuit that we might give it wisdom is a treasure something to store up in our hearts that there is no skill more worth having than knowing how to live wisely in the world that god has made this is something that that solomon teaches throughout the proverbs in in proverbs 3 verse 13 you see this that that happy is a man who finds wisdom and who acquires understanding for she is more profitable than silver and her revenue is better than gold in chapter 4 verse 7 it says wisdom is supreme so get wisdom and whatever else you get get understanding the wisdom of god is a treasure worthy of our pursuit why what makes wisdom so valuable what makes it worthy of our pursuit here is what i think solomon is showing us 2 benefits of wisdom that wisdom equips us and wisdom transforms us wisdom equips us when we pursue wisdom this is what we gain insight understanding instruction that that wisdom leads not just to intelligence not just to cleverness wisdom leads us to the very knowledge of who god is paul talks about this in 1st corinthians chapter one and in verse 30 he says it is from him that you are in christ jesus who became wisdom from god for us in other words when we pursue jesus or when we pursue wisdom rather it is jesus that we find he does not just have wisdom he is wisdom becoming wise is the process of god equipping his people to respond his way god equipping his people to see the world as he does and know what to do about it is not that something that you want do not you want that is not there is not it hard to think of many things that the world needs more than that would not you love to be able to look at the world and see all the issues that are going on and is not it so easy to feel overwhelmed like you just do not know what to do about it do not you wish you could see those things clearly see those things as god does and know how to respond do not you want that when you are talking with a friend and the subject of god comes up and you are tempted to just freeze or change the subject do not you wish you could see that person as god does to know how to respond to their questions their doubts parents is not this something you want for your kids as we raise them in a world filled with opinions and messages and questions about what good is and who god is do not you want them to see things clearly to see what truth is and yet also to know how to respond in love and grace and understanding this is what wisdom offers it equips us to see the world as god does and to respond as he would wisdom equips us that is the 1st benefit it also transforms us and again this is a theme of proverbs teaching that becoming wise is not just about taking in good advice not just about learning good behavior but wisdom rather is the process of god transforming our hearts to become more like his look with me to proverbs chapter 3 the 1st couple of verses here it says my son do not forget my teaching but let your heart keep my commands for they will bring you many days a full life and well being never let loyalty and faithfulness leave you tie them around your neck write them on the tablet of your heart does that mean let your heart keep my commands how do we do that would it make more sense for our minds or our hands or our feet to keep commands how can our hearts keep the word of god here is how i think about it i think for a moment about the difference between a partnership and a marriage imagine that in your work you you made a partnership agreement with another person or another company and in that agreement there were a list of things that you agreed to that you would not cheat the other person that you would act with integrity that you would be honest with each other and if you broke that agreement there would be penalties or fines or some sort of consequence to pay now whether or not you liked that person you would probably follow the agreement would not you contrast that to a marriage where you make the same agreement except they are called vows same behavior same agreement completely different relationship why because in that partnership you obey because you have to in a marriage you obey because you love that other person because your heart has been transformed it is not just your mind that does those things your heart keeps the commands this is what wisdom offers to us there is a great verse in jeremiah chapter 15 that says this your words were found and i ate them your words became a delight to me and the joy of my heart for i bear your name lord god of armies in other words this is the 2nd benefit of wisdom that when we pursue it god does not just promise to change our behavior he promises to change our very hearts to love the things that he loves and become more like him wise people do not just follow god because they know they should they do it because they have been and are being transformed by the love of god because they have seen how good life is when they live how god intends wisdom equips us to respond as god is people and it transforms us that we would love to do so i love how jesus puts it this way in a sermon on the mount that where your treasure is they are your heart will be also this is how we are to view wisdom priceless invaluable treasure worthy of our pursuit that we would cry out that we would store it up that we would ask for it long for it pray for it search for it in his word do we do you do do i as we look at our lives do we view wisdom as a treasure worth pursuing do we cry out for the wisdom of god are there no lengths that we would not go to in order to find it what if we did what if this was our desire the cry of our heart that god more than anything the world can offer me what i want is your wisdom to see things through your eyes and to be able to respond as you would your wisdom transform my heart and the way that i live and the choices that i make and the words that i use this is the pursuit of wisdom that brings us to the next part of our proverb the source of wisdom i am sure i have shared this story before i remember the exact moment in my life where i realized that i was not as smart as i thought i was i was 18 years old i was a freshman in college i do not know how you were when you were 18 but when i was 18 i was pretty convinced that i had figured everything out like i was i was pretty smart i knew it all it only took 18 years pretty impressive no big deal and when i went to college my 1st ever exam in college was for my old testament class in my old testament professor was famous for how difficult his classes were and i remember someone coming to me and asking if i was worried about that exam and i said i am not worried about the exam the exam should be worried about me that is the most annoying thing i have ever said that is awful and sure enough i sat down i took that test and i got a d minus which was the lowest in all in my entire class and and that was all that it took for me to realize that maybe there was someone out there smarter than me that maybe there was a source of wisdom that i did not have access to some of you were wondering should we be listening to d minus preach i got an a minus in the class relax we are going to be fine this is what solomon is teaching to his son look with me to proverbs 2 verses 5 and 6 it says then you will understand the fear of the lord and discover the knowledge of god for the lord gives wisdom from his mouth come knowledge in understanding notice this with me how solomon has been giving us all these ways to find wisdom that if we listen for it and if we cry out for it and if we search for it and it is all of these if statements and finally in verse 5 we get to the then if you do all of this then what you understand the fear of the lord you discover who god really is think back if you were with us last week to the 1st proverb that solomon gave to us how he introduced this idea of wisdom proverbs one verse 7 says that the fear of the lord is the beginning of knowledge fools despise wisdom and discipline fear of the lord is the foundation the beginning of knowledge again it is important to understand what fear of the lord really means what we are not saying is that we must be fearful of god is anger that might erupt at us in any moment what he is not saying is that god is against us and we should tiptoe around him in case we make him mad fear of the lord is simply seeing who he really is and being in awe of what we see fear of the lord is recognizing that there is an all powerful god and there is a perfect source of wisdom and it is not me i love how c s lewis puts it you thought you were not going to get a c s lewis quote did not you in god you come up against something which is in every respect immeasurably superior to yourself wisdom recognizes that it is not my place to decide right and wrong good and evil that the boundaries that god places in my life are gifts from a loving father and not shackles from a cruel and disappointed one this is the beginning the foundation of what it means to be wise to recognize that true wisdom is not something that i can just muster up on my own there is only one source one beginning of wisdom we see it in verse 6 the lord is the one who gives it his mouth come knowledge and understanding and not mile this is why solomon begins this proverb the way that he does we saw this back in verse one he says my son if you accept my words in fact this is what the 1st 7 chapters of proverbs are a series of teachings from solomon to one of his children and over and over this is how he begins it we see in back in verse one or in chapter one in verse 8 it says listen my son to your father is instruction do not reject your mother is teaching in chapter 4 my son pay attention to my words 2 more times we see this in chapter 5 my son pay attention to my wisdom my son obey my words do you see the pattern solomon here is longing for calling out for his son to listen to his words to believe that there is no wisdom and there is no knowledge outside of what god has said this is the way that wise people live this is what it means to fear the lord to declare that god is god and i am not he is the source of wisdom life is better when he is in control recently i came across an article written by an mit professor named rosalind picard doctor picard on top of teaching is a scientist an inventor she has founded multiple research organizations i will be honest with you guys when i read her bio there were a lot of words that i did not know the meaning of so we will just call her a smart person is that cool so this smart person wrote an article about the way that she came to faith in jesus and i was struck by her story listen to how she describes the way that she initially thought about faith and some of the hesitations that she said that she had she said i assumed that faith was not intellectual or based on evidence that religious people were not real thinkers and that if they only thought hard enough then they would see that their religion was unnecessary i believe things i heard such as that religion was invented to help people cope better i thought my way without any god was the truth and was scientific therefore it was the best way she goes on she talks about how she came to faith how someone in her life was a good neighbor and talk to her about god and gave her a bible and told her to read proverbs and she was amazed at the wisdom that she saw in it she ended up reading the rest of her bible and started questioning and wondering about faith and and she describes in her writing this kind of wrestling match that she had between her way and her being in charge and her being in control and trusting her life to jesus this is how she ends the article i love this she says today i am a professor at the top university in my field i have incredible colleagues who have helped translate my lab research into difference making products including a smart watch that helps caregivers save the lives of people with epilepsy i told you smart person i once thought i was too smart to believe in god she goes on now i know i was an arrogant fool who snubbed the greatest mind in the cosmos the author of all science mathematics art and everything else there is to know today i walk humbly having received the most undeserved grace i walk with joy along the most amazing companion anyone could ask for filled with desire to keep learning and exploring of all people to trust in their own knowledge and wisdom it would be her brilliant minds top professor someone who truly believed my way is the best way who now walks humbly and joyfully because she recognized that there is only one source of wisdom and it was not her the question that wisdom requires an answer to it is a question that solomon asked of his son and it is the question that your heavenly father today asks of you will you accept my words will you accept my words are you willing to accept the wisdom of god are you open this summer as we continue in this series to hear something that might challenge you make you feel uncomfortable to recognize a part of your life in which you have been foolish are you willing to change a habit to turn back from sin to humble yourself with the wisdom of god shows you a place of pride do you believe that there is someone out there who knows more than you do even about your own life what is the source of your wisdom yourself your ever changing culture with the greatest mind in the cosmos the author of every good thing in your life and in mine this is the invitation that wisdom gives to recognize that he is the one who gives it he is the source his way is the best way and i can trust in him he is the source of wisdom last thing i want to show you today that he is the path of wisdom turn with me to back to proverbs 2 we are going to read the last several verses here today verse 7 it says this he stores up success for the upright he is a shield for the those who live with integrity so that he may guard the paths of justice and protect the way of his faithful followers then you will understand righteousness justice and integrity every good path for wisdom will enter your heart and knowledge will delight you discretion will watch over you and understanding will guard you falcon has a senior in high school i remember going through this season where i felt so much anxiety about where i was going to go to college that next year i have been accepted into 2 schools that i was interested both would allow me to study ministry which i knew i was called to do at that and i remember going through this time of of trying to discern trying to figure out which door god wanted me to walk through which school was right for me and i i was just praying about this for months and asking for wisdom and asking for his guidance and i remember talking about this with one of my youth leaders at my church and he said something that was so foundational for me he said what if both doors are open and there is no wrong answer as long as you still follow jesus i remember thinking about that and and it changing the way that i think about wisdom and this i think is how solomon describes what it means to live wisely not as a door to choose from but a path to walk on he describes it this way all throughout proverbs and in chapter 4 verse 11 it says i am teaching you the way of wisdom i am guiding you on straight paths so often i think we get this wrong where we think of the wisdom of god as as what school should i go to or what person should i marry or what job should i take or what place should i live in god cares about all of those things but this is what solomon is writing that god cares more about the person that you are becoming than the place that you are going this is the image that proverbs uses that there are 2 paths that we can choose from the path of righteousness and justice and integrity and rest and peace the path of god is presence and the path of evil and wickedness and death and over and over this is solomon is instruction to his son to choose your path wisely many of you will have heard these verses proverbs 3 verse 5 it says trust in the lord with all your heart and do not rely on your own understanding in all your ways know him and he will make your paths straight this is solomon is and this is how wisdom enters into your life not by living in fear that if i make the wrong choice somehow god is going to be mad or i am going to be outside of his will wisdom is not a door it is a path it is a way of living it is a place where these things reside look at verse 9 with me it says that there is a place of righteousness and justice and integrity that is the path that god has called us to if you have a decision to make in your life if you are wondering what you should do this should be the filter through which you view it that if i take that job or i marry that person or i move to that place will i become closer or farther away from the way of jesus will this job expect me to give up my integrity in order to make a profit when i am around that person do i become more loving and caring and kind to others or do i become more judgmental arrogant cruel this is the filter through which we view things will i stay on the right path if i say yes as long as we do then there is freedom for you to choose and there is trust that god will lead you as you do timothy keller puts it this way he says that who you become is a product of how you do the little things every day this i think is what solomon is teaching us that wisdom rarely just shows up when you have a life changing decision to make if you want to be wise it is built on the everyday steps of faith that you take towards the way that jesus has called you to this is the calling of wisdom the the fatherly advice that solomon offers to us all today to keep walking towards the wisdom of god to keep pursuing him to be devoted to his word and to prayer to accept the words that he has given you and take one step of faith after another and trust that his word and his way and his understanding is enough he will make your path straight he will keep you in the way of life this is the way of wisdom let me pray for you our heavenly father we we do thank you for the wisdom that you offer the wisdom that is found in your word and the promise that you make that we can trust in you lord i do pray today for those that are making a decision those that are seeking your will longing to know what you would have them do we pray that you would protect our path that you would guide us that you would reveal to us how it is that we can honor you best no matter what choices we make father ask that you would put in us a spirit of longing for your word longing to spend time in your presence that you would give us humility to accept what you tell us to do make us wise this is our prayer amen amen again we are so glad that you could be here today if we can be praying for you anything going on in your life if you are in need of the wisdom of god our prayer team is available back in the glass room if you came prepared to give we are thankful for your generosity there are boxes in the back you can give online as well would you receive now today is benediction would you go in the power the knowledge the righteousness and the wisdom of jesus christ the one who is the wisdom of god would you trust in his ways follow his lead and walk on his path amen foreign

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ea5Q7PpiBgE

Oh was coming eventually I nothing negative I just would like to say I ordered my June 2017 nerdblock and today is July 13th and it finally came this is in no way a sip of same nation subscribes remember I see is I get another fun Zilla I am subscribing to look pretty I just wanted to do an unboxing video so this is the classic block except in local my order I don't know so has a long time ago I have since cancelled my subscription with them let's see what this entail well I do like this style of the blocks alright as winner block well gum de su me up - oh it's a poster well does it make heart work too I don't get it just like DS oh these DC characters I mean I don't know which one the one is it says I love dick on a shirt like this just please this poison ivy brave in Harley Quinn Wonder Woman China neat poster across my exclusive shirt 20 years of is a 20 years but of what I am right sit on the side Michael's of chadway label because I refuse hanging labels my shirts I remember that is supergirl keychain I think I'm Harley Quinn Batgirl or Wonder Woman yes but DC Comics bombshells like a blind box so the looks like this is DC as a theme when I would recommend you go to leak rate because when I was added on to a six-month subscription liquid they never renewed they always delivered there's on time but if you wish to choose an air block because I don't know loop it as by no dark block allows you this selection of what you want and Harlequin is a vinyl figures because this is really clean up Harley Quinzel it's not a topic it's not about taking your hand because you looks like a nurse so would that be once you Charlie Quinn are hugging quintal okay also Lisbon c22 DC stuff they here's their magazine Gotham Styles Street and scruff and City Street style art prints three thumbs a one WFL o'clock almost be this and when the women desk clock and shall your packaging just long we were going with this since how loose whereas the converse is insanely magazine class wishful drinking like guy Fisher I get that and I forget what's my yacht I mean if probably I uh being asked in word search I believe last time I check those grades now starting to use their own like various it looks again like doing the lender blogger like different themes but I I mean I like everything is in here but I am disappointed that I came so late like I would have had the earlier if I kept my subscription I would have had to choose my next theme but in two days so I and so every if this is how it's it's going to be I'm going to be I'm going to be getting them almost entirely a month later or because it said when I ordered that it ships within five within five business days of being orders and my only me like I only got a half notification that ships on Sunday that's how it's gonna be I really uh and I realize that's how it's going to be I really don't want to be a part of it but I mean it's quite interesting is the DC so what is not a raven Harlequin those way when you Suicide Squad I like one Katara Wonder Woman the elderly of DC is also a marble I mean a little bit DC together with a new one dolphin holding alright well thanks for watching maybe more next one I finally get to do they loot crate one I will upload that one alright fine [Applause]

0 was coming eventually i nothing negative i just would like to say i ordered my june 2017 nerdblock and today is july 13th and it finally came this is in no way a sip of same nation subscribes remember i see is i get another fun zilla i am subscribing to look pretty i just wanted to do an unboxing video so this is the classic block except in local my order i do not know so has a long time ago i have since canceled my subscription with them let us see what this entail well i do like this style of the blocks alright as winner block well gum de su me up 0 it is a poster well does it make heart work too i do not get it just like ds 0 these dc characters i mean i do not know which one the one is it says i love dick on a shirt like this just please this poison ivy brave in harley quinn wonder woman china neat poster across my exclusive shirt 20 years of is a 20 years but of what i am right sit on the side michael is of chadway label because i refuse hanging labels my shirts i remember that is supergirl keychain i think i am harley quinn batgirl or wonder woman yes but dc comics bombshells like a blind box so the looks like this is dc as a theme when i would recommend you go to leak rate because when i was added on to a 6 month subscription liquid they never renewed they always delivered there is on time but if you wish to choose an air block because i do not know loop it as by no dark block allows you this selection of what you want and harlequin is a vinyl figures because this is really clean up harley quinzel it is not a topic it is not about taking your hand because you looks like a nurse so would that be once you charlie quinn are hugging quintal okay also lisbon c 22 dc stuff they here is their magazine gotham styles street and scruff and city street style art prints 3 thumbs a one wfl 0 clock almost be this and when the women desk clock and shall your packaging just long we were going with this since how loose whereas the converse is insanely magazine class wishful drinking like guy fisher i get that and i forget what is my yacht i mean if probably i being asked in word search i believe last time i check those grades now starting to use their own like various it looks again like doing the lender blogger like different themes but i i mean i like everything is in here but i am disappointed that i came so late like i would have had the earlier if i kept my subscription i would have had to choose my next theme but in 2 days so i and so every if this is how it is it is going to be i am going to be i am going to be getting them almost entirely a month later or because it said when i ordered that it ships within 5 within 5 business days of being orders and my only me like i only got a half notification that ships on sunday that is how it is going to be i really and i realize that is how it is going to be i really do not want to be a part of it but i mean it is quite interesting is the dc so what is not a raven harlequin those way when you suicide squad i like one katara wonder woman the elderly of dc is also a marble i mean a little bit dc together with a new one dolphin holding alright well thanks for watching maybe more next one i finally get to do they loot crate one i will upload that one alright fine

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNEPGGvvouw

another example of trying to compare the amount of forage we have the forage supply to the forge demand in order to get to a stocking rate this is scenario 2 and we have three pastures there are nine hundred and seventy acres on this site that's in central Idaho and we're gonna start by looking at forage demand on forage supply and forage supply the details are kind of given up here it's a mix of the lomi ecological site which is the lowlands in these two pastures there's also some shallow lomi ecological site which is through those higher upland hillsides on the shales of the site so let's first take a look at the spring pasture I always like to lay out all the pastors and and that's your goal is to figure out how much for users in each pasture let's take a look at that spring pasture it's 450 acres we know that 70 acres of it is the shell alone so that means that the lomi site is 380 pounds 450 minus 70 we know that that lomi site produces 850 pounds per acre because it says in the diagram that a lonely site produces 850 pounds per acre and that the the appropriate use for that would be up to 45% so we could use 45% of that on a sustainable level without causing damage so if he had 380 acres that produces 850 pounds per acre and you can use 45 percent of it each year that would be about one hundred and forty five thousand three hundred fifty pounds of usable forage that self passed I'm sorry that spring pasture also has a little bit of that shallow loam site seventy acres it's not as productive it's five hundred pounds per acre and it's a little bit less sustainable we can't graze quite as much so we graze about forty percent per year and that should be sustainable and it's 1,400 pounds per total then so we have 14 or pounds on that shallow site in the spring pasture in the hill pasture we have a mix of the lomi site which is the lower site that's 195 acres and that's because the pasture is 280 acres minus 85 gives you a hundred and ninety-five acres of the my site its 850 pounds we can use about 45% of it on a sustainable level that's the proper use factor for this site so we'd have seventy four thousand five hundred eighty eight pounds of usable forage remember there's also some of that shallow loam site in that pasture it's 85 acres we can its produces 500 pounds per acre we can use about forty percent of it so that's 1700 pounds of usable forage in the hill pasture the creek pasture is all lonely site there's 240 acres of that pasture it bruises 850 pounds per acre we can use 45 percent of it so we can use 90 1,800 pounds of usable forage in that pasture if you total all that up we have three hundred forty two thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight pounds what does that mean in aom's remember in AUM is 750 pounds because an animal unit eats 25 percent of its body weight each is 2.5 percent of its body weight each day which is 25 pounds there's 20 there's 30 days in a month so that's 750 pounds per AUM so if you had 340 2738 you divided it by 750 pounds because that's what an AUM is you'd have 456 AUM s now let's turn our attention to the to the forge demand torch demand in this system is laid out in the second pasture these these owners want to graze Scottish Highlanders they're a little smaller cattle so they are actually about a thousand pounds so they're really cool they're exactly what an animal unit would be and they're grazed in these pastures in the Spring Creek in the hill and the the spring the Creek in the hill pasture throughout the season and the whole grazing season is eight months so they have 46 cows let's see what the demand is for those cows so let's talk about forage demand 46 cows they're there for eight months so that means that we have 383 a UMS of demand we want to take a closer look at that we note that each cow is one animal month one animal units so converting animal units two months is a little bit easier so the total demand then is 368 a UMS or you could look at that in how much they actually eat per day you got a thousand pound cow it's two and a half percent of its body weight that's 25 pounds today they're out there for 240 days there's 46 cows and that means you need 276 thousand pounds of forage so your total demand on this pasture with cows alone is 276 pounds of forage so again that's just looking at it is how many a you lens you have versus how many pounds of forage you need both of our estimates of forage demand so to bring this to conclusion we have three hundred forty two thousand seven hundred thirty-eight pounds of forage supply or that's the same as 456 a UMS our demand is two hundred and seventy six hundred thousand pounds of forage or 368 a UMS so since we have more supply than we have demand we could increase our herd and still have proper stocking so it doesn't mean that you have to but you could increase your herd and still be within the limits my just kind of last point is that just remember these things vary hugely from year to year and these estimates the stocking rate are really just ballpark estimates so in order to make a good use of this method you really have to monitor and make sure that what you're doing is making sense for the land so these are just ballpark estimates but it's a place to get started

another example of trying to compare the amount of forage we have the forage supply to the forge demand in order to get to a stocking rate this is scenario 2 and we have 3 pastures there are 970 acres on this site that is in central idaho and we are going to start by looking at forage demand on forage supply and forage supply the details are kind of given up here it is a mix of the lomi ecological site which is the lowlands in these 2 pastures there is also some shallow lomi ecological site which is through those higher upland hillsides on the shales of the site so let us 1st take a look at the spring pasture i always like to lay out all the pastors and and that is your goal is to figure out how much for users in each pasture let us take a look at that spring pasture it is 450 acres we know that 70 acres of it is the shell alone so that means that the lomi site is £380 450 70 we know that that lomi site produces £850 per acre because it says in the diagram that a lonely site produces £850 per acre and that the the appropriate use for that would be up to 45% so we could use 45% of that on a sustainable level without causing damage so if he had 380 acres that produces £850 per acre and you can use 45% of it each year that would be about £145350 of usable forage that self passed i am sorry that spring pasture also has a little bit of that shallow loam site 70 acres it is not as productive it is £500 per acre and it is a little bit less sustainable we can not graze quite as much so we graze about 40% per year and that should be sustainable and it is £1400 per total then so we have 14 or pounds on that shallow site in the spring pasture in the hill pasture we have a mix of the lomi site which is the lower site that is 195 acres and that is because the pasture is 280 acres 85 gives you a 195 acres of the my site its £850 we can use about 45% of it on a sustainable level that is the proper use factor for this site so we would have £74588 of usable forage remember there is also some of that shallow loam site in that pasture it is 85 acres we can its produces £500 per acre we can use about 40% of it so that is £1700 of usable forage in the hill pasture the creek pasture is all lonely site there is 240 acres of that pasture it bruises £850 per acre we can use 45% of it so we can use 90 £1800 of usable forage in that pasture if you total all that up we have £342738 what does that mean in aom is remember in aum is £750 because an animal unit eats 25% of its body weight each is 2.5% of its body weight each day which is £25 there is 20 there is 30 days in a month so that is £750 per aum so if you had 340 2738 you divided it by £750 because that is what an aum is you would have 456 aum s now let us turn our attention to the to the forge demand torch demand in this system is laid out in the 2nd pasture these these owners want to graze scottish highlanders they are a little smaller cattle so they are actually about a £1000 so they are really cool they are exactly what an animal unit would be and they are grazed in these pastures in the spring creek in the hill and the the spring the creek in the hill pasture throughout the season and the whole grazing season is 8 months so they have 46 cows let us see what the demand is for those cows so let us talk about forage demand 46 cows they are there for 8 months so that means that we have 383 a ums of demand we want to take a closer look at that we note that each cow is one animal month one animal units so converting animal units 2 months is a little bit easier so the total demand then is 368 a ums or you could look at that in how much they actually eat per day you got a £1000 cow it is 2.5% of its body weight that is £25 today they are out there for 240 days there is 46 cows and that means you need £276000 of forage so your total demand on this pasture with cows alone is £276 of forage so again that is just looking at it is how many a you lens you have versus how many pounds of forage you need both of our estimates of forage demand so to bring this to conclusion we have £342738 of forage supply or that is the same as 456 a ums our demand is £627000 of forage or 368 a ums so since we have more supply than we have demand we could increase our herd and still have proper stocking so it does not mean that you have to but you could increase your herd and still be within the limits my just kind of last point is that just remember these things vary hugely from year to year and these estimates the stocking rate are really just ballpark estimates so in order to make a good use of this method you really have to monitor and make sure that what you are doing is making sense for the land so these are just ballpark estimates but it is a place to get started

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhrHtRx5aIY

drop this down and see if we can get some fish instant cody we found the juice oh god yeah what is going on everybody welcome back to nb edits today as you can tell cody and i cody you guys are not familiar he's a fellow wisconsin angler also we're up here in northern wisconsin and we're gonna be doing some ice fishing go figure right oh that's pretty much all we do here it seems like but we're on a lake right now that has a good solid four inches i have fished here one other time uh but the fishing sucked luckily though cody on the other hand was here at this lake and clapped some crappies so of course hearing that and he was a good enough friend to tell me this news uh we decided to make the trip up here and that is exactly what we're gonna be doing you guys seem to really be enjoying the crappie fishing videos and especially the live scope videos so not sure exactly what we're gonna be filming today except for i do know we are gonna be catching some crappies so hopefully a lot of hook sets a lot of action for you it's pretty much just gonna be strictly gopro and uh yeah a lot of hook sets should be a good time so stay tuned guys cody already drilled some holes so i am going to get the live scope out get the rods and we are going to see if we can capitalize on some early iced crappies all right go in my rod case here get my rod out this doll's big giant case i got one rod in there so that's pretty cool but that's all we need today we're rocking the 29 inch ultra light panta stick from frostbite so far what i've been noticing with using this rod so far early ice is that is super sensitive and i honestly haven't lost that many fish with it and then for the reel i'm using the pc fun viperx super solid reel if you guys want to pick this up for you know christmas was coming up use code nba that's 18 save yourself 18 off on all orders on the pc phone website so definitely check that out we do have some new reels that actually just came in i am going to be testing out in a future video so stay tuned for that but that's the setup for right now i got a tungsten jig on with frostbite plastic and cody already drilled some holes so i guess i'm just gonna go take the live scope drop her down and see if we can find some fish he hasn't caught one yet so either he sucks or he doesn't know what he's doing but i'm gonna go figure that out right now we got a really high suspended marquis chasing me there we go first fish what do we got tiny crappie but he inhaled this there's more down there hurry up and get him unhooked let's go see if we can capitalize on some of these bigger ones holy cow there's a lot of them now down there got him small but there are a lot god they're choking it today looks like we're probably gonna have to sort through some of these small ones before we get some of the bigger ones looks like we got a bigger mark coming in here it's the biggest mark of the day so far he's spending no time coming for my jig and he hit it it's a little bigger but not quite the size that we're looking for quite yet just a little guy but man there are a lot of crappies in this lake should have a counter to see how many fish i can actually catch here seems like it's gonna be one of those days where i catch like 100 fish one slammed it a bluegill that's interesting i did get a bluegill yeah yeah all right it looks like that school has passed what i'm actually going to do is i'm going to take off the small plastic here in tungsten and i think i'm going to put on a dinner bell just to see if i can get some of those bigger fish to come in and hit it i am getting a ton of fish right now it's just not the size i'm looking for and i do know those bigger crappies in here so hopefully get a bigger presentation maybe it'll trigger some of the bigger fish so i'm going to uh go ahead switch and we'll get back to the fishing go ahead put this jig back you can see we got a ton of jigs this is actually the first time that i have switched jigs from our very first video i've been using the same frostbite tungsten jig the entire time and it's just been working i really am a true believer in just using one i mean if they're not hitting on a certain collar they're really just not hitting plus i absolutely hate tying on small little tungstens when it's cold out so i am pretty much a non-believer in that i don't know if that's just me or what if i turn to the other side you can see i got a whole bunch of dinner bells probably going to be tossing on one of these little micro probably this gold one right here and trying this i also do have a bunch of the new frostbite dinner bells some of them i know i have all of them but these are three of the newer colors that they came out with for this year so if you guys want to check out anything from frostbite i'll leave that down in the description make sure to check it out dinner bells honestly one of the best spoons you can use for crappie fishing i know it sounds a little biased but these things actually do clap the heck out of fish so make sure you check it out i might this one looks pretty sexy i'm not gonna lie not sure exactly i think this one's called the lip smacker or something like that uh this one does look pretty deadly but considering i already have a whole bunch in there and these are in the case though i'm gonna toss on that gold one and hopefully hopefully that will trigger some bigger fish all right deepest spot of the lake so far looks like there's some fish down there looks to be a sunken tree of some sort out here and it looks like there's a bunch of fish hanging around uh all right i drilled right on top of that tree we're gonna see catch some of these fish switching into down mode here drop this down and see if we can get some fish instant gaudy we found the juice oh found that freaking tree and look at the switch of that right on that dinner bell nice nice crappie there's more down there i gotta hurry up this is incredible okay that was as soon as i dropped down oh we got one he's coming here he comes on right away nice crappie okay we're on a we're at a big school here giant school louisiana oh my god there's a lot down there come on get down there these fish are really suspended i'm fishing 25 feet of water but i'm catching them 10 feet below the ice they're just stacked on this tree right now this is where all the big crappies are it turns out they're just unstructured who would have thought here comes one instant bigger oh my god this is incredible this is the best find ever oh my god i'm gonna have to gps locate this spot look at these this is incredible it's just one after another on this dinner bell right now all like nice 12-inch crappies all right you guys well unfortunately it is that time to end the video i i have to go to work cody on the other hand does not so he's kind of pissed at me because he'd like to fish all day the fish were aggressive for sure we just we couldn't find that right school well besides that one that i got into but yeah i gotta go to work so that's pretty cool but if you guys enjoyed today's video make sure to give it a like make sure to tell me in the comment section what you liked about it if you want to see more crappie fishing videos now in our last couple videos obviously we saw we did some walleye fishing we are going to be doing some more species on the channel once some of the bigger lakes are going to freeze if they ever freeze it doesn't seem like it ever is going to happen up here because now we are getting some snow and we're really not getting the colder temperatures that we need but once more lakes start to freeze we can hit any species that you guys want to see and also we can pretty much do whatever the heck you want to see if you want to see us travel and go somewhere and fish a certain body of water or with certain people we can do that as well so leave that all down in the comments i'm going to finish packing up we got a decent walk to the truck and yeah i'm going to go to work so again please make sure to give this video a thumbs up make sure you guys are subscribed if you want more ice fishing content because that's all we frickin do it feels great to be back on the grind cody's dancing must be a little cold or something and uh yeah pack up we're going to get on out of here and i will talk to you guys on the next one tight lines from enbietas [Music] you

drop this down and see if we can get some fish instant cody we found the juice 0 god yeah what is going on everybody welcome back to nb edits today as you can tell cody and i cody you guys are not familiar he is a fellow wisconsin angler also we are up here in northern wisconsin and we are going to be doing some ice fishing go figure right 0 that is pretty much all we do here it seems like but we are on a lake right now that has a good solid 4 inches i have fished here one other time but the fishing sucked luckily though cody on the other hand was here at this lake and clapped some crappies so of course hearing that and he was a good enough friend to tell me this news we decided to make the trip up here and that is exactly what we are going to be doing you guys seem to really be enjoying the crappie fishing videos and especially the live scope videos so not sure exactly what we are going to be filming today except for i do know we are going to be catching some crappies so hopefully a lot of hook sets a lot of action for you it is pretty much just going to be strictly gopro and yeah a lot of hook sets should be a good time so stay tuned guys cody already drilled some holes so i am going to get the live scope out get the rods and we are going to see if we can capitalize on some early iced crappies all right go in my rod case here get my rod out this doll is big giant case i got one rod in there so that is pretty cool but that is all we need today we are rocking the 29 inch ultra light panta stick from frostbite so far what i have been noticing with using this rod so far early ice is that is super sensitive and i honestly have not lost that many fish with it and then for the reel i am using the pc fun viperx super solid reel if you guys want to pick this up for you know christmas was coming up use code nba that is 18 save yourself 18 off on all orders on the pc phone website so definitely check that out we do have some new reels that actually just came in i am going to be testing out in a future video so stay tuned for that but that is the setup for right now i got a tungsten jig on with frostbite plastic and cody already drilled some holes so i guess i am just going to go take the live scope drop her down and see if we can find some fish he has not caught one yet so either he sucks or he does not know what he is doing but i am going to go figure that out right now we got a really high suspended marquis chasing me there we go 1st fish what do we got tiny crappie but he inhaled this there is more down there hurry up and get him unhooked let us go see if we can capitalize on some of these bigger ones holy cow there is a lot of them now down there got him small but there are a lot god they are choking it today looks like we are probably going to have to sort through some of these small ones before we get some of the bigger ones looks like we got a bigger mark coming in here it is the biggest mark of the day so far he is spending no time coming for my jig and he hit it it is a little bigger but not quite the size that we are looking for quite yet just a little guy but man there are a lot of crappies in this lake should have a counter to see how many fish i can actually catch here seems like it is going to be one of those days where i catch like 100 fish one slammed it a bluegill that is interesting i did get a bluegill yeah yeah all right it looks like that school has passed what i am actually going to do is i am going to take off the small plastic here in tungsten and i think i am going to put on a dinner bell just to see if i can get some of those bigger fish to come in and hit it i am getting a ton of fish right now it is just not the size i am looking for and i do know those bigger crappies in here so hopefully get a bigger presentation maybe it will trigger some of the bigger fish so i am going to go ahead switch and we will get back to the fishing go ahead put this jig back you can see we got a ton of jigs this is actually the 1st time that i have switched jigs from our very 1st video i have been using the same frostbite tungsten jig the entire time and it is just been working i really am a true believer in just using one i mean if they are not hitting on a certain collar they are really just not hitting plus i absolutely hate tying on small little tungstens when it is cold out so i am pretty much a non believer in that i do not know if that is just me or what if i turn to the other side you can see i got a whole bunch of dinner bells probably going to be tossing on one of these little micro probably this gold one right here and trying this i also do have a bunch of the new frostbite dinner bells some of them i know i have all of them but these are 3 of the newer colors that they came out with for this year so if you guys want to check out anything from frostbite i will leave that down in the description make sure to check it out dinner bells honestly one of the best spoons you can use for crappie fishing i know it sounds a little biased but these things actually do clap the heck out of fish so make sure you check it out i might this one looks pretty sexy i am not going to lie not sure exactly i think this one is called the lip smacker or something like that this one does look pretty deadly but considering i already have a whole bunch in there and these are in the case though i am going to toss on that gold one and hopefully hopefully that will trigger some bigger fish all right deepest spot of the lake so far looks like there is some fish down there looks to be a sunken tree of some sort out here and it looks like there is a bunch of fish hanging around all right i drilled right on top of that tree we are going to see catch some of these fish switching into down mode here drop this down and see if we can get some fish instant gaudy we found the juice 0 found that freaking tree and look at the switch of that right on that dinner bell nice nice crappie there is more down there i got to hurry up this is incredible okay that was as soon as i dropped down 0 we got one he is coming here he comes on right away nice crappie okay we are on a we are at a big school here giant school louisiana 0 my god there is a lot down there come on get down there these fish are really suspended i am fishing 25 feet of water but i am catching them 10 feet below the ice they are just stacked on this tree right now this is where all the big crappies are it turns out they are just unstructured who would have thought here comes one instant bigger 0 my god this is incredible this is the best find ever 0 my god i am going to have to gps locate this spot look at these this is incredible it is just one after another on this dinner bell right now all like nice 12 inch crappies all right you guys well unfortunately it is that time to end the video i i have to go to work cody on the other hand does not so he is kind of pissed at me because he would like to fish all day the fish were aggressive for sure we just we could not find that right school well besides that one that i got into but yeah i got to go to work so that is pretty cool but if you guys enjoyed today is video make sure to give it a like make sure to tell me in the comment section what you liked about it if you want to see more crappie fishing videos now in our last couple videos obviously we saw we did some walleye fishing we are going to be doing some more species on the channel once some of the bigger lakes are going to freeze if they ever freeze it does not seem like it ever is going to happen up here because now we are getting some snow and we are really not getting the colder temperatures that we need but once more lakes start to freeze we can hit any species that you guys want to see and also we can pretty much do whatever the heck you want to see if you want to see us travel and go somewhere and fish a certain body of water or with certain people we can do that as well so leave that all down in the comments i am going to finish packing up we got a decent walk to the truck and yeah i am going to go to work so again please make sure to give this video a thumbs up make sure you guys are subscribed if you want more ice fishing content because that is all we frickin do it feels great to be back on the grind cody is dancing must be a little cold or something and yeah pack up we are going to get on out of here and i will talk to you guys on the next one tight lines from enbietas you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFoXFiHqtEc

the views and opinions expressed on the following program are those of the host and guests and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of ontd's management staff or board of directors [Music] and hello and welcome into views from the sidelines that's when we killed I'm Joey tysik and we're at the end of August already and um getting into September we are literally finally into football season I'm saying officially because we're in week zero for college football even though I don't care about college football week zero Malik do you care about college football week zero it is going to bring me life it is going to make me happy I might shed a tear that's how that's how much this means to me and uh we've officially lost him listen I'm just it um it's not that sometimes it's not really that dramatic that's too much I'm I'm gonna be watching just because I love all college football big programs small programs I'm not gonna pay attention to UMass throughout the season or New Mexico state in week seven but just for this one week I'm gonna be interested in what these teams look like okay well yeah we'll get to a couple week zero topics in a minute um but one like outside the box note that we wanted to talk about James Harden got fined a hundred thousand dollars for calling Daryl Mori a liar at the end of the day it's only a hundred thousand dollars if this was like you know some mid-level player maybe I'd care a little bit was this James Harden we're talking about he's got shoe deals he's got endorsements he's got lots of money a hundred thousand dollars is nothing um I think someone could you could say he doesn't need to play in the NBA anymore would you agree with that oh yeah he could easily retire there's even like rumors that he wants to go play in China now let's let's just keep this so let's let's get this going so get James Harden out of the NBA how about that people I mean uh though and then the NBA Players Association is kind of doing their uh I don't know I don't want to call it knight in shining armor but I guess like they're just trying to do their job where they're trying to dispute the hundred thousand dollar fine uh saying that it wasn't needed I'm kind of on the fence about it um I don't know like I feel like Hardin needed some sort of punishment because you can't just like go out and call like start calling people Liars necessarily I don't know but at the same time like you kind of can say what he wants and it's Daryl mori's idea to respond to it I don't know it's it's a weird kind of dumb situation very dumb so I don't want to like Linger on it but it's just weird it's just weird this was no rules or regulations to the power player empowerment era things like this are going to happen more out more often I think like there are there are multiple players in the NBA then I can imagine being disgruntled soon or demanding a trade soon or quote unquote making things uncomfortable yeah for an organization like even though he got an extension and he's making tons of money I I wouldn't be surprised in two or three years maybe two years it's like Karl Anthony towns in Minnesota just start just started getting angry with the organization and started beefing with uh Anthony Edwards because I think him him and Anthony Edwards are on two different wavelengths Anthony Edwards is a dog Yeah Carl Anthony towns is extremely talented but he's he's not cut from the same cloth as Anthony Edwards Carl Anthony towns changed the game hey you see little three put those three pointers he hit nobody incredible nobody was doing it before him listen Dirk Nowitzki who was that bill and bear who's that and these reasons who's that I want someone like Carl Anthony towns will most likely get very sad and upset and emotional in the next few years because it usually happens in Minnesota but like I said him and Anthony Edwards Anthony Edwards is the face of that franchise and should be seen as such hmm and not just him it'll be other guys yeah I mean players can voice their opinion whenever they want and there aren't many repercussions so yeah yeah it'd be very different if David Stern was still the commissioner Ronnie yeah no I agree I fully agree um other thing I wanted to mention have you watched Hard Knocks at all yes I watched the first two episodes okay that's exactly where I'm at I haven't watched the third one because it comes out at like 10 p.m right yes and I don't care as much about the Jets as I did last year for the Lions I don't care about Hard Knocks like I used to yeah it's a really good excited even towards the end of the Lions season last year I started to kind of tell off of it wasn't as excited um I think just because at towards the end like your art like the following week is NFL season so like you don't care as much anymore about training camp because you're ready to see them actually on the field playing a real game uh also I don't know if people realize every NFL team has a YouTube channel and every NFL team's YouTube channel has pre-season videos yes that are basically the length of Hard Knocks yeah and they do a lot they literally go to Every NFL YouTube channel and they have 40 minute long videos of players being miked up and like code yeah yeah and some even turn them into a documentary style uh feature so yeah it's hard this day and age I think hard knock still does a good job um to me this isn't as appealing because it's just like focusing on Aaron Rodgers taking the Reigns whereas like it was cool last year for the Lions because they they kind of surrounded it as a Young Lions team and they talked about all these players that were trying to make the team and you saw uh guys like bugs and I remember the big one was Khalil pimpleton who didn't end up making it and stuff so like there was all these Fringe guys that you kind of like got involved with hoping they could make it or uh understanding their life and and their background and stuff and we haven't really seen that in the Jets so far I know it's only two episodes but at the same time they focus so much on Aaron Rodgers in the first two episodes I'm curious where they'll go after that whole thing has fallen off I mean you're you're not wrong I mean they're every season of Hard Knock there would be like a third string guy undrafted that they would follow there would be two or three rookies there would be uh like one of the superstars they would like personally follow like four or five different types of players yeah yeah the first two episodes has been like 70 to 80 Aaron Rodgers yeah and then a few players after that which is for the most part which is weird because the Jets have like have some guys that are interesting yeah Israel about Anaconda he's from New York right and they were they really haven't even talked about it he's had a good season but he's gonna get overshadowed because when they bring in Dalvin cook I know that's obviously gonna be a whole episode uh so yeah I don't know it's interesting I like it I like I always like to seeing the coaches like the different coaching Styles and the uh and then comparing to them like Nathaniel Hackett is kind of fun and joking and Robert Sala is always like what's next what's next and that's like their whole Mantra um so that kind of stuff is is interesting to me but yeah I'm kind of with you like it it kind of tails off a little bit I did like seeing uh the narrator though leave forever yeah that was cool that was pretty cool um and Aaron Rodgers kept describing him as God or the voice of God that was pretty funny um so I hate to say it uh that I don't I don't mind Aaron Rodgers in this and that's weird for me to say this is a like a very controversial opinion today I've never hated Aaron Rodgers yeah like uh he's never personally made me angry like I I've appreciated how good of a quarterback he is yeah and just watching them throw the ball is pretty pretty fun but like all the stuff off the field I he says weird stuff I'm like okay Darkness Retreats right do my own research ah okay yeah I think that's part of it for me too is like Aaron Rodgers to me I think he's very much like like Russell Westbrook in the reasons that I don't necessarily like him like I think sometimes he gets overvalued I think Russ is just he's very aggressive all the time and he he doesn't necessarily have like super strong stances he's just always like kind of yeah Aaron Rodgers is kind of a mix of Russ and maybe Kyrie or something he's the mix of yes Kyrie toy even like deeper extent yeah for sure um but like I I especially hate this year and it's not necessarily Aaron Rodgers either like I yeah I also don't like his off-field stuff it's kind of weird but it seems like he's a good teammate it seems like people like him they're gonna show his best highlights in the in Hard Knocks but his throwing looks amazing so if he can do that like this during the season it'll be kind of like Tom Brady for me where I I'm not I've never been a big Tom Brady fan but like watching Tom Brady in his last couple years like you couldn't deny some of the throws he made were incredible so if Aaron Rodgers can do that I'll get it um but I don't know it's it's a confusing time for me because I I just hate how much hype the Jets are getting right now um I know that their defense is really good people think that Aaron Rodgers is going going to be back to MVP form but I mean last year he didn't look so good so to me it's it's a little bit overhyped I guess but that's gonna happen either way um where do I want to go to next oh let's just talk about week zero because then we can finish off with pre-season stuff and we can just kind of talk whatever about the preseason that we want um week zero college football like we said a lot of Duds not not not too many exciting things um but you do have some top teams in Notre Dame and USC playing um Notre Dame's gonna take on Navy USC is going to take on San Jose State and uh but unless you have like a fire stick where you can watch like all games they're playing on the Pac-12 so most people probably won't even see the game Navy Notre Dame is on NBC and Notre Dame is favored by 20 and a half yeah the only like real interesting game outside of those two Ohio and San Diego State are both going to be good teams so even like if you watch MAC football some people are big fans of like them action football during the week Ohio is going to be one of the better teams in the mac and San Diego State who was coached by Brady Hoke is they've made a bold like they're they've been a consistent Bowl team for like more than over a decade yeah so they they play good physical football so that should be a fun game and uh third string quarterback for the Jaguars Nathan Rourke the guy that made that circus play against the Cowboys where he fell down and threw the touchdown pass his brother Curtis Rourke is arguably one of the best quarterbacks in the country T's put up like fantastic numbers and he's probably going to be another like NFL caliber guy so he'll be fun to watch how interested are you the most the even line the like according to betting the best game is UTEP versus Jacksonville State how interested are you I disagree strongly that's the even line the only interesting part about that game UTEP has a fun offense Jacksonville State is coached by Rich Rodriguez that's fun yeah that's about as fun as it gets I I think Utah is going to win if I'm double digits double digits most likely uh UMass no New Mexico State there's there's no reason to really pay today it's there's no real reason you can pass that one okay um I want to talk about Navy Notre Dame for just a minute because Navy as a new coach does that matter though it doesn't they're gonna lose but I'm just saying candy and matalolo Coach Navy for like the past 20 years and our Navy has a new coach they're the most they're they're just the most predictable team of all time are you saying that because they were on the option yes is that every team that runs the option probably but I feel like Navy's kind of that notable team you know um especially with the Army Navy game like Navy through through 91 passes last year yeah they're actually on that's only attempts I can't remember the exact rule or why it was implemented but for some reason there was an implementation where you those teams can't run the option like they used to anymore so now Navy and army have to like pass a little bit more so it won't it won't be as slow and methodical as it used to be like they have to play with a little bit of pace yeah so we'll see how that looks it's just it's it's a weird thing listen I I love that the option is still a thing I I enjoy it because I mean I like watching the options they'll never be able to recruit like high level players yeah to run like these like these newer generation offenses so if you don't run that option what do you do yeah but just find somebody that can like pass out of the option there's still passing plays out of the option yeah but they go with but that's also hard how do you get a good quarterback to come to a service Academy school I don't know it's gonna happen I mean hey David Robinson Keenan Reynolds was the Heisman candidate and he barely threw the ball he was his Elite at running the ball yeah yeah yeah yeah Notre Dame's gonna wipe the floor with him unfortunately uh last year Notre Dame won but it wasn't like a complete embarrassment like those option teams still figure out how to make it hard like uh Army almost beat Oklahoma a few years ago Carla Murray's team Michigan barely beat Army that was one of the most frustrating games I've ever seen but those option teams can frustrate big bigger level teams yeah um what should we watch out for with Notre Dame this season Sam Hartman is their quarterback came from Wake Forest he is the all-time passing leader in the ACC history a lot of yards a lot of touchdowns a lot of picks also because he's a gunslinger but they're bringing in bringing him in hoping that he's the first quarterback honestly in a in a long time that can like be stable and also like have high level flashes they brought in so many recruits that have been disappointments in the past decade that like Ian book is one of the better quarterbacks they've had in the past 20 years yeah and that's not a good reflection of quarterback history at a high level program right so they're looking for Sam Horton and Sam Hartman to like be the stability act quarterback They're bringing back audric estimated running back he's like 5-11 230 he's huge they're still trying to figure out receiver mm-hmm but they lose Michael Mayer yeah one of the best tight ends in the country drafted by the Raiders Yep they're figuring out they're they're basically figuring out all like pass catching options receiver tight end they gotta find out who their main guys are [Music] so yeah they're gonna be figuring things out the first few weeks okay Let's uh bounce over to USC San Jose State just so we can get into we wanted to talk about the the Pac-12 a little bit today USC is bringing back the number one guy Caleb Williams and there's talk that he may not declare for the draft where is that coming from I saw it today why would he do that um that depending on who has the number one pick that he might get picky well what you as the number one Peak you have leverage even though Eli Manning had the Mannings behind him like you you can say I'm not going here and you can hold out like he can still go into the craft you can tank workouts if you really wanted to the quarterbacks have done this John Elway told the Colts I'm not going to the Colts and he ended up a Bronco like these things happen yeah and like he could just I don't know but yeah there's so many ways he's I wouldn't judge him either because he wouldn't be the first to do it yeah and plus waiting another year it that's not gonna really change much either he's going to the Big Ten Really Gonna Change things you're the top pick already yeah but like if you're the top pick next year you're most likely gonna be you're gonna have that same little list of teams that might get it exactly uh so it's kind of weird um but USC are they the are they an outright favorite to win this uh division or this conference some people think they are I do not think they are okay uh they have gotten more pieces in the transfer portal on defense mm-hmm they've recruited pretty decently but those are like freshmen and sophomores you can't fully rely on them yeah I still don't think the USC defense is going to be very good they they need to be at least average to win the Pac-12 and I need to see them prove that they can be at least average against better teams like I think Washington has a chance Michael pinnix is back they have one of the best receiving cores in the country several guys that'll be in the NFL right they're they've got a veteran defense coming back Oregon is bringing back Bo Nicks he's got receiving to like you can't say the Washington and Oregon don't have chances right I haven't I haven't brought up Utah yeah who's won the Pac-12 the past two years like is is there so many other options at the top three specifically that I I just I can't just say just because USC has Caleb Williams that everything is going to be smooth for them like yeah they still have to go out and prove it they almost lost to Oregon State last year who was a quality team and might be even better this year so yeah there's no way I would say USC is like the obvious favorite right and Utah really only lost Dalton Kincaid and uh they lose any defensive guys this year uh they lost a few guys uh they lost their best corner I forgot his name he got drafted by the Falcons they lost a few guys but they've they've recruited so well and they're always so well coached that yeah their defense is always good at least they never have a bad defense yeah um although cam Rising he's still dealing with his injury from last year people don't know if he's going to be fully healthy for week one against Florida so that's a bit of a question but once once Pac-12 games get going I assume he's going to be out there playing yeah um so you have would you say you have USC Washington then Utah I personally I would have Washington first okay and then USC and then out of USC and Oregon tied at two okay that Washington offense if they're healthy I think they there's no defense on the Pac-12 that can stop them I think they're just as dangerous as USC's offense and uh most people wouldn't think that just because USC has Caleb Williams Washington's offense was a handful to deal with last year right and they averaged like 30 something almost 40 points a game uh I would have Washington at one personally and then USC and Oregon tied at two because I I don't think there's a lot of separation between the two Oregon is more talented on defense but they still have to show that they can put it all together on the field yeah and then I would probably have I would have Utah at four but I believe in Oregon State a lot that pins on DJ oh youngale a ton yeah who just got named the starter at Oregon State coming from Clemson right yeah it's interesting because not a lot of these teams really lost anybody um of significance that I can think of off the top most their every top team brought back their quarterback in most of their main options on offense yeah so you got Caleb Williams you got Michael penick's uh bonix in there DJ maybe camera camera Rising is like Roots set at like the fourth best quarterback in that cam Rising would be like a top two quarterback in most conferences but the Pac-12 is just so stacked in terms of top quarterbacks yeah I guess the team that I didn't mention that would be the team that lost the most would be UCLA it went I I was just about to say we haven't even brought up UCLA right which was going to be my next thing of like is there another team that you could think that maybe sneaks into potentially being good like a dark horse oh yeah that I think I I don't think they're a 10 win team necessarily but because they they have to replace quarterback Dorian Thompson Robinson is gone they brought in Dante Moore from Detroit still breaks my heart uh him and Ethan garbers are battling for the number one job it seems like Ethan garver's a guy that's been in the program for a few years is kind of like in the lead right now right but I assume Dante Moore will play eventually Dante Moore's the Martin Luther King quarterback yeah okay just five star yeah yeah right in my opinion he was the best quarterback in this class yeah of freshman guys for sure the UCLA they brought in like some really good receivers in the transfer portal a kid from Cal J Michael Sturdivant and a kid from uh USC Kyle Ford and my personally after the Michigan running backs one of my favorite running backs in the country kid named Carson Steele really good name kid out of hot kid out of Indiana he has long blonde hair he runs super hard he was at Ball State last year he rushed for like 1600 yards and like 15 touchdowns and he decided to transfer to UCLA he might be their number one back with Zach charbonnet leaving so I like what they have on offense yeah but they're another team kind of like USC where they they have some really good pieces on offense but the defense has been the hang up with Chip Kelly yeah first first four or five years at UCLA so I'm not sure what the defense will look like but either Ethan garbers or Dante Moore I expect them to play well in Chip Kelly system and they have the pieces on offense to win eight or nine I think they could win nine games at most 10 would be a major surprise like they would pull off upsets to win 10 games I expect them to be at least a 8-1 team yeah um seven or eight so I have to mention the Washington MSU game yeah is there any hope for the Spartans what what week is that that's week three yeah listen man I can't wait to get to this big 10 preview they got Central and Richmond the first few weeks those games aren't going to tell you anything about MSU I know I know oh and then they just get put Into The Gauntlet five o'clock on peacock yeah geez what a strange store over living in now right luckily it's at MSU it's at MSU but I also that might not be good because they could shut down that home Crown comb crowd very quickly yeah like I I haven't heard anything out of the MSU Camp about the DBS like major making huge improvements like they obviously have talent and they've recruited well in the past few classes right but you have to see if those guys can make impacts like msu's front seven what they've done recruiting and through the transfer portal I think they'll be pretty strong yeah like Jacoby winmen coming back he'll be a good pass rusher and I forgot the name of the guy they brought from Texas A M he's like a hybrid defensive end defensive tackle he's really powerful on the line but hey man I got to see what Noah Kim or Katen Hauser does on offense who's the running back who are the main two main two running backs gonna be yeah who are the who's your receiver I mean you you gotta don't want to talk about it you got the kid oh my God the kid from Pontiac he was like the number three Trey Mosley you got Trey Mosley he's a he's Dependable yeah but you don't know if he's your number one Malik Carr might be like your most dangerous yeah I've had a lot of I've had a lot of Hope for Malik Carr he looked good last year so hopefully there there's some more growth there yeah they they gotta they also brought in like two other tight ends in the transfer portal so I don't know if they're trying to work in like a two or three tight end system I'm not sure yeah but they gotta Target him a lot they they gotta draw things to get him the ball yeah but I I don't know how much of a chance they have I mean Washington in that game I honestly also don't know what their running back room is gonna be like how they're gonna do like they brought back Burger Elijah Collins went to Oregon State Oklahoma State Oklahoma State you're right the Jalen Burger showed signs last year yeah he shows the promise of when he was a high four star guy yeah I mean you got the the kid from Georgia I can't remember his name he's like a junior now you got a lot he played a lot as a freshman is that very sorry no he he came in as a recruit a few years ago it's his last name Simmons oh yeah you're right um okay I'll have to look it up yeah I want to look at the stats Jordan Simmons yeah Jordan Simmons is back yeah yeah I don't I don't know what like what their hopes are for him I just hate that they have a revolving door of running yeah jalenberg you got Jared Broussard you got Simmons yeah yeah I'm not 100 sure yeah um yeah you losing Jaden Reed is just tough yes he was the ultimate Playmate no losing Keon Coleman is tough sorry that was I listen we're saving the deep dive for the yeah I know I'm going too far I'm going too far just when I was like really liking Keon Coleman too but yeah I I don't I don't I don't know how they stay within double digits of Washington that offense is just too dangerous unless Noah Kim is him yeah they they'll have to get like consistent pressure on Michael pennix yeah to have a chance and either Noah Kim arcade and Hauser has to be him yeah to keep Pace right um how is Washington's defense Washington's defense like has been sell me on them winning the pack they've been somewhat underwhelming since Jimmy Lake left because he was all defense and like no offense and that's what made them so terrible that that one year he was head coach yeah so they brought in Caitlin Deboer and his in his first season they win 10 games and their defense was just good enough to keep them in in like most games but they have to take a next step if they want to win the conference okay they they have to be able to take a next step like they on on paper they don't have any like standout Superstar guy they have a few guys that are like potential all-conference but they don't have like that All-American guy unless somebody emerges but yeah okay they should they should be slight at least slightly better okay they should be an okay defense so then do you think it would be fairly easy for USC to take over to take them over at number one like in the conference because you think Washington's gonna win right that's what you said also I would have them at number one because there's it's something about Lincoln Riley teams and specifically this second chapter of this USC Lincoln Riley team they don't have enough on defense okay first of all Lincoln Riley does not coach defense really yeah right and secondly they don't he doesn't have the players like he brought in Bear Alexander from Georgia a big five-star defensive tackle that was a freshman last year he already has a few like he has some knick-knack injuries in Camp that has kept him out that you don't have any like Star players on that defense and because Lincoln Riley is the coach I don't trust them to play very good defense for the most part so they're they're talented enough to win most games because of their offense right but they're also keep teams in it like Arizona has the has the offense to most likely stay in a game with them like last year they did I think USC beat Arizona like 49 to like 42 last year hopefully their defense is better than that now yeah but I don't know so you just think that Caleb Williams has to be even better than he has been if they want to like he has to basically be only he has to stay healthy and be just as good or even better okay for them to win the car if they win the conference they're going to the playoffs right yeah and I just don't I just can't see that I can't see them getting to the playoff okay because first of all the Caleb Williams and nobody's won two kinds have been since the 70s right I don't see him winning back-to-back heismans there are some people that think Michael penix might have just as good a chance to win I've heard that now yeah because he's healthy now so yeah he's fully healthy like I said his receiving core is really good and I don't think many people are gonna stop him yeah they're gonna put up at least like 40 several times okay now I want you to make the case for Oregon if Oregon's gonna win the conference what do they have to do what do they have on paper Oregon is the most talented team in the Pac-12 and they've done an amazing job from Mario Diaz I mean uh Manny Diaz to uh not many did Mario crystal ball was their coach I was thinking of Miami's Old Coach Mario crystal ball recruited very well for Oregon it didn't lead to them making the run people expected uh now they bring in I forgot the coach's name Oregon head coach foreign Dan Lanning Dan Lanning has continued recruiting at a very high level um they just this is uh it's I've said almost the same thing for every Pac-12 team they have to show it no Pac-12 team had a great defense last year Utah had a good defense Oregon state had a really good defense but like none of the most talented teams have really good defenses I don't know if it's a West Coast thing I don't know if it's because of the style of play has changed so much but Oregon has the at least recruits and high level talent to do it and one guy I'm paying attention to DJ all young lele's little brother I think his name is Mateo oh yeah he is a true freshman at Oregon he was the top defensive end in the country and uh it's gonna be really fun seeing Oregon play Oregon State little brother versus big brother but yeah he's he's expected to play a lot on the defensive line as a defensive end and give them a lot of pass Russian ability Oregon has the most Talent bonix is really good I don't I might swing myself to say the number I'm just gonna stick with Washington that's my number one right now I was just trying to get get a case made for the how that team would overcome like Oregon has what it takes to win the Pac-12 yeah but I I don't know what it is I just I just see Michael penix in that Washington offense just consistently outplaying everybody else okay um is there any other Pac-12 team you want to mention I like Arizona they went from one win to five wins last year they have a ton of Talent on offense the recruiting has gone up another level MacMillan is a guy to watch he's assault he was a five-star guy last year picked Arizona over Oregon he was their highest rated Recruiting School history when he when he committed and he was instantly uh impact guy he's going to be an NFL guy he's a big play 6'4 like almost 200 pounds he can run he can go up and get it he's an overall just problemat receiver so he's one to watch uh uh yeah I I hope they can win six games and get to a ball they have enough Firepower to do it but looking at their schedule yeah Mississippi State week two won't be easy they got Washington USC Washington State and Oregon in four straight weeks yeah their their schedule isn't easy they can go six and six you know I'm just gonna predict it they're gonna go six and six they're gonna be like the the team right in the middle of the Pac-12 because I I think they they have enough to do it after winning five last year they can win six okay yeah are you sad to see the Pac-12 disappear because that's basically what's gonna happen I personally this is the salute to the best I personally haven't loved like what that conference has been recently I've still watched like Pac-12 after dark has been entertaining in the past few years but see their teams like can never get over the hump yeah Washington made the playoff and got smacked by Alabama one year Oregon making the playoff in like the very first year was the one time they had a chance and they just they couldn't beat Ohio State right yeah they they just always been a league that's been known for finesse and not being physical enough to make real runs like there's a reason why Utah has always come out on in the in the past few years right because the other teams just they don't have what it takes to outlast like a real physical team and Utah just always figures it out in the end yeah that could be different this year this being the last year in the conference but you can't count out Utah because they've done it two years in a row it's gonna be weird seeing the West Coast Conference go on yeah it is going to be very strange like the Rose Bowl I don't know what the Rose Bowl becomes now like it was like the Pac-12 slash pac-10 Champion versus the Big Ten Champion that's what the Rose Bowl was for over 40 years right so changing that it's it's just it's strange yeah for me I don't have too many like fond memories of the Pack 12 necessarily um back when I like remember watching like Stanford had some good teams of course with Andrew luck um Oregon was always my team though I'll be honest teams with like Dennis Dixon or Marcus Mariota I was about to say you were Joey Harrington guy no that was before that was before I got into football Joey Harrington was way before I got it Dennis Dixon was when like Chip Kelly started putting yeah yeah well Michael James De'Anthony Thomas yeah they were just a fun team to watch and I always said that if I ever played college sports and I had a ton of D1 offers to any school that I wanted to go to I would pick Oregon every day um so that's like the only team that I can really even think about that I have somewhat sadness ego never really liked USC never really liked UCLA um UCLA the last couple years were fun with DTR and uh Chardonnay going over there but I don't know USC I always hated too because they're quarterbacks for a long time never worked out in the NFL and stuff and I don't know just bothered me one of those weird things you know uh kind of like the uh the Ohio State quarterback deal for a while um so to me it doesn't hurt that much I'm sure for the College fans it's probably pretty tough but um yeah I will say I feel bad for Oregon State because they're they're starting to like re-emerge as a football program yeah and now they're just being left right in the middle of nowhere yeah and that that really sucks like I'm a fan of what Oregon state is becoming yeah and a lot of people have proposed uh I think you included talking about them moving to the Mountain West which is they would become like the top dog conference that's what I'm saying though that would just be awful for them to be in a basically non-competitive conference in my opinion uh at least for where they're at right now um but yeah at least in basketball the Mountain West wouldn't be too bad um but yeah yeah it's weird it's gonna be weird and it's gonna keep happening like we like we talked about more conferences are gonna probably start dissolving it's it's gonna be weird before we move on okay we haven't brought up Colorado in prime time okay that's there I thought about that they're the team everybody's watching to see if they're listen they won one game last year yeah whatever criticism you want to put on Dion in this first year I think it's not warranted in one bit unless it's like just it completely falls apart which listen this is like a portal team yeah he basically he like brought in a 70 to 80 brand new team right this is unprecedented for college football he brought in his son shadora from Jackson State who I believe in I believe in his talent I think he will eventually be NFL quarterback I think he will put up good numbers I think he has recruited well for this first team I think he's brought in a bunch of good transfers and Travis Hunter could literally be a starting corner or a receiver at any school in the country that is how much of a Phenom Talent Travis Hunter is will they make a bowl game I don't think so I think at best at best they win five if they win six games Dion might be packed 12 cups of the year yeah because that this what he's doing this is like the next like version of a rebuild right just completely flipping it he's flipping 18 from one year to the next and trying to make it work in one like in this first year yeah ah I don't know if if they win four games that's a successful season to me last year they were probably like they were bottom three divorce teams in the FBS they were they were by far the worst Power five team in college football last year right it was disgusting so if they win four or five games it is a five games is a huge success they make a ball game that's crazy yeah I just hope they I hope they win four if they if they go three and nine I wouldn't be surprised and it wouldn't be scary to me because it's so much of a flip and a rebuild right yeah Pete come on the people like people's opinions are gonna be all over the place we know it's probably going to be absurd yeah but it's yeah they won't be that great yeah and with that the Pac-12 is over rip goodbye um all right move on to a little bit of a preseason football talk for the NFL um a couple of the little news highlights uh I didn't see it yet but you had said that Sam darnold has gotten the number two spot on San Francisco's quarterback depth chart over Trey Lance they got some decisions to make oh boy I think he's he's got to be traded at this point like there's no way they're gonna hold on to him with a young Brock Purdy Sam darnold is technically still young it's like if they already like those two more like they can have them around for longer um and I don't know if they like they're they're Super Bowl window is short that they can't be worrying about developing tray lands I think I think they needed him to maybe develop for a year and figure it out in year two doesn't look like it's happened it's kind of unfortunate I think you can still be a good quarterback but uh probably not going to be with San Francisco I would say um and then another trade that might happen I'm kind of skeptical of it but uh Jonathan Taylor finally did get uh the opportunity where the Colts said you can go and seek out a trade doesn't sound like anybody's gonna be biting um necessarily uh you never know somebody will bite I thought somebody would have bit on Austin Eckler Austin Eckler was in the same situation I know he's a little bit older um but I I don't know and if somebody's interested though it's are the Colts interested in their offer that's the next step that's the problem um and it sounds like nobody wants to give up a first round pick um so I don't know how that's gonna work but it'll be unfortunate if Jonathan Taylor gets traded because I think him and Anthony Richardson would be really exciting um but Jonathan Taylor would also be exciting probably in another location that is a better team overall um preseason week two for the Lions played against the Jaguars oh boy it was not fun to watch I watched it for like the first quarter and it was ugly it was not great they didn't play like any starters so there was nothing to really go off of um I think Knight Nate sudfeld probably ended his career with that game he's a veteran backup so somebody really feel bad for him somebody will put him on their roster practice squad QB Nate sutfeld oh man he went nine for 18 threw a touchdown threw a terrible interception Teddy obviously wasn't comfortable at all yet no yeah uh good old two gloves he he also number 50. yeah it was a bit much it's a lot uh Bridgewater went for five for eleven for 34 yards not getting much done the running game was awful um but again Jamir gives him play none of the wide receivers played they let all the young guys go don't Drummond I think there were maybe like two or three good things from this game yeah one of them sign Chase Coda I'm I am on the chase code he had a good punt return he had a touchdown catch he had another catch that looked like it was going to be very impressive yeah that Teddy through to the sideline and he reached out to grab like that kid can play I think that was kind of the biggest problem that I had was this game was supposed to like give us knowledge of what wide receiver they were going to keep between like Drummond Antoine green Chase Coda like who was going to maybe make like the depth chart and not be practice squad and uh they didn't have a quarterback throwing to them yeah throughout the entire game this one in those very few moments Chase Coda really stood out yeah and Jack Campbell to me he's he's for real I'm gonna say this every single week I love the Jack Campbell pick then and I'm gonna keep loving it like he is the guy yeah yeah the defense didn't look too bad uh for the most part um James Houston got a sack John Kaminsky got a sack they both look pretty good this is I'm gonna ask you a question that might be a little out there hot takish okay there are moments where where James Houston looks like an absolute like he looks like like a perennial Pro Bowl pass rusher at times does this dude have like in a secret unlocked potential because it's like on a daily not a daily bit from a game to game basis there's at least one play where he just either like bends around offensive lineman or just runs through somebody yeah and it's like who is this dude I mean he had eight sacks in seven games last year that's what like is is this dude's pretend what do you think this guy's ceiling is because he he shows something every game where it's like how is he doing this yeah we have to keep him around obviously he looks like a serious weapon how much of a weapon do you think he could really be to me it looks like he could maybe be a pro bowler if he stays healthy because he has such natural Talent Rush on the passer yeah I mean I hate to get too over hyped Provo might be a little bit too crazy but like just uh even if he just makes one just like a solid pass rusher guy pass rusher he could easily be a 10 set guy I'm like I'm not taking that away from him um if we could get 12 sacks out of him in a season that's what I I to me he looks like a guy that could potentially be like yeah one or two seasons it's like James Houston has 12 or 13 sacks in back-to-back Seasons yeah and everybody's like where did this dude come from that's how good he looks to me sometimes yeah I think that's how this I think that's how the defensive line could turn out to be honest it sounded like you had a little anger and hope at the same time yeah when you said that it makes it obviously as a lions fan it always makes you nervous when you start to get hyped about things um and you don't want to overblow it but if if Aiden and James Houston can just stay on the same development track that they're on right now they could be a force listen you got them two on the d-line mm-hmm you got Jack Campbell and Rodrigo headhunting mm-hmm Brian Branch apparently is enforcing his way on the roster they're saying they cannot well he's he's forcing himself into like potentially yeah yeah like they're saying they would feel dumb if they didn't start him so they're they're starting to move CJ Gardner Johnson around and Brian Branch looks like he's going to start with Tracy Walker so they they have young guys at every level of the defense that I know can be impacted I know and I'm not even drinking the blue Kool-Aid I know yeah and I'm just you know I'm just looking at it how it is people think that elim McNeil is gonna be a good pick and um we've seen little things out of like Josh Pascal finally little little signs maybe is the dude they picked out of Western Kentucky is he hurt um I haven't heard like a peep about him I'm trying to think who is that what his name um oh it's it's jarring my mind draft picks I can't I cannot I didn't remember either I can just pull up their roster maybe um his name is who can find it first Roderick Martin damn I was literally right there I've heard nothing about project Martin yeah now that you say it I don't know too much either he's had two tackles see I didn't even know he was playing so far but I I do agree I think he's been kind of banged up a little bit as far as I know but yeah I mean it's just looking at the going down the line like apparently there's been some like Julian aguara like trade rumor stuff I would I still think he's got something in there um Romeo kwara like there's good there's a good mix of young guys and some some veteran type guys um I don't know like I said I I hate to say that this team could be really good but like look at our safeties CJ Gardner Johnson Kirby Joseph Tracy Walker Brian branch that's insane and last year our secondary was trash yeah that's maybe the only thing that's exciting I don't know what they're gonna get out of pre-season week three the lines aren't really a team where they play their starters in the preseason they are going to go up the pan against the Panthers too and if the panther Panthers play their starters on defense Lions offense is once again going to have a rough time because without the lines offensive starters that Panthers defense is actually pretty good um so I'll be curious to see what happens there um any other standouts in preseason week two that you can think of um Tana McKee looked really good for the Eagles yeah like his I was getting frustrated watching them play because his receivers were dropping balls and like they just weren't making plays and he was dropping high level like in the bucket passes on back shoulder throws and deep balls like he he can really throw it people don't realize he decided to stay at Stanford and they were terrible and Stanford had like a high level quarterback and they just couldn't get anything done yeah so I was really impressed with Tanner McKee the Giants offense looked really good in their like few drives yeah yeah they looked like Darren Waller was easily getting passes Daniel Jones looks good Jalen Hyatt got a touchdown pass from your boy um from tie rod yep they look good um the Steelers offense looked like they could take a step yeah Kenny pick is starting to look pretty solid like I was gonna mention like my whole thing was going to be young quarterbacks looked good we both really enjoyed Sam Howell on Monday night oh yeah he looked really good he and Jahan Dotson look like they have some good chemistry going um and that's unfortunate for Terry McLaren um he did get some turf toe so he might be banged up heading into week one but they said it shouldn't shouldn't matter but like the commanders they could be sneaky good they could be interesting yeah they won did they win nine games last year um maybe it was eight maybe like they were eight eight and one yeah I don't think they quite made they won eight games last year in at times they were like they've got stuff They Got Talent on both sides of the ball exactly yeah they have a stable offense they can really surprise people they got a lot of good guys at skill positions um things like that yeah the overall standout rookie quarterback in preseason has been Aiden O'Connell yeah and that's been really surprising like he's he's been efficient he's been accurate right he's throwing like three touchdowns to no picks yeah he's been really impressive which honestly it could be nice for the Raiders like if if Jimmy Garoppolo gets hurt or struggles even the Raiders might just decide to to reset and just go with Aiden O'Connell I I wouldn't be completely surprised if that happens yeah uh the other one I was going to mention too is just more of um confidence for Malik Willis I think again he still looks he looks really good of course running the ball against the Vikings his throwing is getting better it's still a little shaky at times but it looks like he's just gonna outright beat will Levis on the depth chart which is another scary thing and then also for Tennessee taijae Spears looks really good so like if if Derrick Henry goes down at all or anything like that that could be that could be good for them yeah my boy deuce had another impressive run only average like 2.8 to carry but we're not going to talk about that that's okay yeah he's still figuring out the game but in in the open field he is obviously super hard to contain yeah he's just so Elusive and at his size people have a hard time like getting the Target on them right so he's he's gonna make a lot of people Miss oh the other one we have to talk about but I almost forgot your real boy Ronnie Bell listen I know he's playing against backups and stuff and he's not playing against the starters listen I have said and I I had a tweet a few years ago it might have been at the start of last season or it's two seasons ago I can't remember I tweeted and I I don't think anybody responded I tweeted that Ronnie Bell was just as good as Chris olave in that if he was at Ohio State he would put up the exact same numbers Ryan Bell is going to be a good NFL receiver for a long time yeah and if you're a receiver at the University of Michigan I am kind of depressed at this moment to say having a career like Ronnie Bells is like as good as it gets at Michigan right now and I don't know if it's just Harbaugh's fault or the way the offense has been constructed Michigan's offense has not been built to let a receiver have a high level season for years now yeah yeah Nico Collins Dan Donovan people's Jones if either of those guys were at Ohio State they would be first round picks yeah and Donovan people Jones was like a seventh round pick Nico was like a third round pick because he blew off the combine we might be able to see Nico this year though yeah he might be Texans number one but listen Ronnie Bell is a very good receiver just as good as a lot of guys that put up better numbers in college and he's showing his skill yeah he he show he's he has great hands he's a great route Runner he's not the fastest but he's quick he's a very good number too yeah and he could easily find himself into that number three slot um for the 49ers yeah I think obviously Devo Samuel and Brandon ayuk number one but like we've seen Juwan Jennings um before and it seems like the 49ers always have kind of a a random third receiver that's out there oh like Ray Ray McLeod um this is another one so like I think he could definitely jump in there and uh be that number three guy so yeah um last thing I wanted to mention really quick too Baker Mayfield is the starter for Tampa Bay how long do you think they'll last when did the Kyle Trask era begin because Kyle Trask looked pretty good in the preseason I'm looking at the Buccaneers schedule Vikings week one their defense isn't anything crazy right Bears week two Eagles week three Saints week four lines that stretch of weeks four through six might things might get really scary for Baker yeah yeah Eagles Saints and lions defenses back to back to back right there might be some picks and some fumbles and there will be some Rumblings about Kyle Trask around week seven okay yeah the Falcons defense isn't anything to yeah they'll be they should be all right too and then the bills do for you around week seven might be the time people are like let's just put trash in and see what he has yeah man the Box schedule is kind of brutal I also got to play the 49ers tough hmm interesting okay unless this is just another year where Baker Mayfield all of a sudden he just figures it out I mean he's got Mike Evans which it seems like a perfect yeah him he's got Chris Godwin yeah he's got pieces around him right just uh depends if he can use them or not all right that does it for today we have college football this weekend Malik yeah and I won't be watching at all um next week we talk about the big weekend yeah week one we'll do a full on Big Ten preview we'll get to any other teams that we can um and then then the following week NFL season kicks off and then we're just back into talking about games perfect so this has been views from the sidelines we'll see you guys next time pack 12. we might not miss you that much but it's still sad that you're going

the views and opinions expressed on the following program are those of the host and guests and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of ontd is management staff or board of directors and hello and welcome into views from the sidelines that is when we killed i am joey tysik and we are at the end of august already and getting into september we are literally finally into football season i am saying officially because we are in week 0 for college football even though i do not care about college football week 0 malik do you care about college football week 0 it is going to bring me life it is going to make me happy i might shed a tear that is how that is how much this means to me and we have officially lost him listen i am just it it is not that sometimes it is not really that dramatic that is too much i am i am going to be watching just because i love all college football big programs small programs i am not going to pay attention to umass throughout the season or new mexico state in week 7 but just for this one week i am going to be interested in what these teams look like okay well yeah we will get to a couple week 0 topics in a minute but one like outside the box note that we wanted to talk about james harden got fined a $100000 for calling daryl mori a liar at the end of the day it is only a $100000 if this was like you know some mid level player maybe i would care a little bit was this james harden we are talking about he has got shoe deals he has got endorsements he has got lots of money a $100000 is nothing i think someone could you could say he does not need to play in the nba anymore would you agree with that 0 yeah he could easily retire there is even like rumors that he wants to go play in china now let us let us just keep this so let us let us get this going so get james harden out of the nba how about that people i mean though and then the nba players association is kind of doing their i do not know i do not want to call it knight in shining armor but i guess like they are just trying to do their job where they are trying to dispute the $100000 fine saying that it was not needed i am kind of on the fence about it i do not know like i feel like hardin needed some sort of punishment because you can not just like go out and call like start calling people liars necessarily i do not know but at the same time like you kind of can say what he wants and it is daryl mori is idea to respond to it i do not know it is it is a weird kind of dumb situation very dumb so i do not want to like linger on it but it is just weird it is just weird this was no rules or regulations to the power player empowerment era things like this are going to happen more out more often i think like there are there are multiple players in the nba then i can imagine being disgruntled soon or demanding a trade soon or quote unquote making things uncomfortable yeah for an organization like even though he got an extension and he is making tons of money i i would not be surprised in 2 or 3 years maybe 2 years it is like karl anthony towns in minnesota just start just started getting angry with the organization and started beefing with anthony edwards because i think him him and anthony edwards are on 2 different wavelengths anthony edwards is a dog yeah carl anthony towns is extremely talented but he is he is not cut from the same cloth as anthony edwards carl anthony towns changed the game hey you see little 3 put those 3 pointers he hit nobody incredible nobody was doing it before him listen dirk nowitzki who was that bill and bear who is that and these reasons who is that i want someone like carl anthony towns will most likely get very sad and upset and emotional in the next few years because it usually happens in minnesota but like i said him and anthony edwards anthony edwards is the face of that franchise and should be seen as such and not just him it will be other guys yeah i mean players can voice their opinion whenever they want and there are not many repercussions so yeah yeah it would be very different if david stern was still the commissioner ronnie yeah no i agree i fully agree other thing i wanted to mention have you watched hard knocks at all yes i watched the 1st 2 episodes okay that is exactly where i am at i have not watched the 3rd one because it comes out at like 10 p m right yes and i do not care as much about the jets as i did last year for the lions i do not care about hard knocks like i used to yeah it is a really good excited even towards the end of the lions season last year i started to kind of tell off of it was not as excited i think just because at towards the end like your art like the following week is nfl season so like you do not care as much anymore about training camp because you are ready to see them actually on the field playing a real game also i do not know if people realize every nfl team has a youtube channel and every nfl team is youtube channel has pre season videos yes that are basically the length of hard knocks yeah and they do a lot they literally go to every nfl youtube channel and they have 40 minute long videos of players being miked up and like code yeah yeah and some even turn them into a documentary style feature so yeah it is hard this day and age i think hard knock still does a good job to me this is not as appealing because it is just like focusing on aaron rodgers taking the reigns whereas like it was cool last year for the lions because they they kind of surrounded it as a young lions team and they talked about all these players that were trying to make the team and you saw guys like bugs and i remember the big one was khalil pimpleton who did not end up making it and stuff so like there was all these fringe guys that you kind of like got involved with hoping they could make it or understanding their life and and their background and stuff and we have not really seen that in the jets so far i know it is only 2 episodes but at the same time they focus so much on aaron rodgers in the 1st 2 episodes i am curious where they will go after that whole thing has fallen off i mean you are you are not wrong i mean they are every season of hard knock there would be like a 3rd string guy undrafted that they would follow there would be 2 or 3 rookies there would be like one of the superstars they would like personally follow like 4 or 5 different types of players yeah yeah the 1st 2 episodes has been like 70 to 80 aaron rodgers yeah and then a few players after that which is for the most part which is weird because the jets have like have some guys that are interesting yeah israel about anaconda he is from new york right and they were they really have not even talked about it he is had a good season but he is going to get overshadowed because when they bring in dalvin cook i know that is obviously going to be a whole episode so yeah i do not know it is interesting i like it i like i always like to seeing the coaches like the different coaching styles and the and then comparing to them like nathaniel hackett is kind of fun and joking and robert sala is always like what is next what is next and that is like their whole mantra so that kind of stuff is is interesting to me but yeah i am kind of with you like it it kind of tails off a little bit i did like seeing the narrator though leave forever yeah that was cool that was pretty cool and aaron rodgers kept describing him as god or the voice of god that was pretty funny so i hate to say it that i do not i do not mind aaron rodgers in this and that is weird for me to say this is a like a very controversial opinion today i have never hated aaron rodgers yeah like he is never personally made me angry like i i have appreciated how good of a quarterback he is yeah and just watching them throw the ball is pretty pretty fun but like all the stuff off the field i he says weird stuff i am like okay darkness retreats right do my own research ah okay yeah i think that is part of it for me too is like aaron rodgers to me i think he is very much like like russell westbrook in the reasons that i do not necessarily like him like i think sometimes he gets overvalued i think russ is just he is very aggressive all the time and he he does not necessarily have like super strong stances he is just always like kind of yeah aaron rodgers is kind of a mix of russ and maybe kyrie or something he is the mix of yes kyrie toy even like deeper extent yeah for sure but like i i especially hate this year and it is not necessarily aaron rodgers either like i yeah i also do not like his off field stuff it is kind of weird but it seems like he is a good teammate it seems like people like him they are going to show his best highlights in the in hard knocks but his throwing looks amazing so if he can do that like this during the season it will be kind of like tom brady for me where i i am not i have never been a big tom brady fan but like watching tom brady in his last couple years like you could not deny some of the throws he made were incredible so if aaron rodgers can do that i will get it but i do not know it is it is a confusing time for me because i i just hate how much hype the jets are getting right now i know that their defense is really good people think that aaron rodgers is going going to be back to mvp form but i mean last year he did not look so good so to me it is it is a little bit overhyped i guess but that is going to happen either way where do i want to go to next 0 let us just talk about week 0 because then we can finish off with pre season stuff and we can just kind of talk whatever about the preseason that we want week 0 college football like we said a lot of duds not not not too many exciting things but you do have some top teams in notre dame and usc playing notre dame is going to take on navy usc is going to take on san jose state and but unless you have like a fire stick where you can watch like all games they are playing on the pac 12 so most people probably will not even see the game navy notre dame is on nbc and notre dame is favored by 20 and a half yeah the only like real interesting game outside of those 2 ohio and san diego state are both going to be good teams so even like if you watch mac football some people are big fans of like them action football during the week ohio is going to be one of the better teams in the mac and san diego state who was coached by brady hoke is they have made a bold like they are they have been a consistent bowl team for like more than over a decade yeah so they they play good physical football so that should be a fun game and 3rd string quarterback for the jaguars nathan rourke the guy that made that circus play against the cowboys where he fell down and threw the touchdown pass his brother curtis rourke is arguably one of the best quarterbacks in the country t is put up like fantastic numbers and he is probably going to be another like nfl caliber guy so he will be fun to watch how interested are you the most the even line the like according to betting the best game is utep versus jacksonville state how interested are you i disagree strongly that is the even line the only interesting part about that game utep has a fun offense jacksonville state is coached by rich rodriguez that is fun yeah that is about as fun as it gets i i think utah is going to win if i am double digits double digits most likely umass no new mexico state there is there is no reason to really pay today it is there is no real reason you can pass that one okay i want to talk about navy notre dame for just a minute because navy as a new coach does that matter though it does not they are going to lose but i am just saying candy and matalolo coach navy for like the past 20 years and our navy has a new coach they are the most they are they are just the most predictable team of all time are you saying that because they were on the option yes is that every team that runs the option probably but i feel like navy is kind of that notable team you know especially with the army navy game like navy through through 91 passes last year yeah they are actually on that is only attempts i can not remember the exact rule or why it was implemented but for some reason there was an implementation where you those teams can not run the option like they used to anymore so now navy and army have to like pass a little bit more so it will not it will not be as slow and methodical as it used to be like they have to play with a little bit of pace yeah so we will see how that looks it is just it is it is a weird thing listen i i love that the option is still a thing i i enjoy it because i mean i like watching the options they will never be able to recruit like high level players yeah to run like these like these newer generation offenses so if you do not run that option what do you do yeah but just find somebody that can like pass out of the option there is still passing plays out of the option yeah but they go with but that is also hard how do you get a good quarterback to come to a service academy school i do not know it is going to happen i mean hey david robinson keenan reynolds was the heisman candidate and he barely threw the ball he was his elite at running the ball yeah yeah yeah yeah notre dame is going to wipe the floor with him unfortunately last year notre dame won but it was not like a complete embarrassment like those option teams still figure out how to make it hard like army almost beat oklahoma a few years ago carla murray is team michigan barely beat army that was one of the most frustrating games i have ever seen but those option teams can frustrate big bigger level teams yeah what should we watch out for with notre dame this season sam hartman is their quarterback came from wake forest he is the all time passing leader in the acc history a lot of yards a lot of touchdowns a lot of picks also because he is a gunslinger but they are bringing in bringing him in hoping that he is the 1st quarterback honestly in a in a long time that can like be stable and also like have high level flashes they brought in so many recruits that have been disappointments in the past decade that like ian book is one of the better quarterbacks they have had in the past 20 years yeah and that is not a good reflection of quarterback history at a high level program right so they are looking for sam horton and sam hartman to like be the stability act quarterback they are bringing back audric estimated running back he is like 5 11 230 he is huge they are still trying to figure out receiver but they lose michael mayer yeah one of the best tight ends in the country drafted by the raiders yep they are figuring out they are they are basically figuring out all like pass catching options receiver tight end they got to find out who their main guys are so yeah they are going to be figuring things out the 1st few weeks okay let us bounce over to usc san jose state just so we can get into we wanted to talk about the the pac 12 a little bit today usc is bringing back the number one guy caleb williams and there is talk that he may not declare for the draft where is that coming from i saw it today why would he do that that depending on who has the number one pick that he might get picky well what you as the number one peak you have leverage even though eli manning had the mannings behind him like you you can say i am not going here and you can hold out like he can still go into the craft you can tank workouts if you really wanted to the quarterbacks have done this john elway told the colts i am not going to the colts and he ended up a bronco like these things happen yeah and like he could just i do not know but yeah there is so many ways he is i would not judge him either because he would not be the 1st to do it yeah and plus waiting another year it that is not going to really change much either he is going to the big 10 really going to change things you are the top pick already yeah but like if you are the top pick next year you are most likely going to be you are going to have that same little list of teams that might get it exactly so it is kind of weird but usc are they the are they an outright favorite to win this division or this conference some people think they are i do not think they are okay they have gotten more pieces in the transfer portal on defense they have recruited pretty decently but those are like freshmen and sophomores you can not fully rely on them yeah i still do not think the usc defense is going to be very good they they need to be at least average to win the pac 12 and i need to see them prove that they can be at least average against better teams like i think washington has a chance michael pinnix is back they have one of the best receiving cores in the country several guys that will be in the nfl right they are they have got a veteran defense coming back oregon is bringing back bo nicks he has got receiving to like you can not say the washington and oregon do not have chances right i have not i have not brought up utah yeah who is won the pac 12 the past 2 years like is is there so many other options at the top 3 specifically that i i just i can not just say just because usc has caleb williams that everything is going to be smooth for them like yeah they still have to go out and prove it they almost lost to oregon state last year who was a quality team and might be even better this year so yeah there is no way i would say usc is like the obvious favorite right and utah really only lost dalton kincaid and they lose any defensive guys this year they lost a few guys they lost their best corner i forgot his name he got drafted by the falcons they lost a few guys but they have they have recruited so well and they are always so well coached that yeah their defense is always good at least they never have a bad defense yeah although cam rising he is still dealing with his injury from last year people do not know if he is going to be fully healthy for week one against florida so that is a bit of a question but once once pac 12 games get going i assume he is going to be out there playing yeah so you have would you say you have usc washington then utah i personally i would have washington 1st okay and then usc and then out of usc and oregon tied at 2 okay that washington offense if they are healthy i think they there is no defense on the pac 12 that can stop them i think they are just as dangerous as usc is offense and most people would not think that just because usc has caleb williams washington is offense was a handful to deal with last year right and they averaged like 30 something almost 40 points a game i would have washington at one personally and then usc and oregon tied at 2 because i i do not think there is a lot of separation between the 2 oregon is more talented on defense but they still have to show that they can put it all together on the field yeah and then i would probably have i would have utah at 4 but i believe in oregon state a lot that pins on dj 0 youngale a ton yeah who just got named the starter at oregon state coming from clemson right yeah it is interesting because not a lot of these teams really lost anybody of significance that i can think of off the top most their every top team brought back their quarterback in most of their main options on offense yeah so you got caleb williams you got michael penick is bonix in there dj maybe camera camera rising is like roots set at like the 4th best quarterback in that cam rising would be like a top 2 quarterback in most conferences but the pac 12 is just so stacked in terms of top quarterbacks yeah i guess the team that i did not mention that would be the team that lost the most would be ucla it went i i was just about to say we have not even brought up ucla right which was going to be my next thing of like is there another team that you could think that maybe sneaks into potentially being good like a dark horse 0 yeah that i think i i do not think they are a 10 win team necessarily but because they they have to replace quarterback dorian thompson robinson is gone they brought in dante moore from detroit still breaks my heart him and ethan garbers are battling for the number one job it seems like ethan garver is a guy that has been in the program for a few years is kind of like in the lead right now right but i assume dante moore will play eventually dante moore is the martin luther king quarterback yeah okay just 5 star yeah yeah right in my opinion he was the best quarterback in this class yeah of freshman guys for sure the ucla they brought in like some really good receivers in the transfer portal a kid from cal j michael sturdivant and a kid from usc kyle ford and my personally after the michigan running backs one of my favorite running backs in the country kid named carson steele really good name kid out of hot kid out of indiana he has long blonde hair he runs super hard he was at ball state last year he rushed for like 1600 yards and like 15 touchdowns and he decided to transfer to ucla he might be their number one back with zach charbonnet leaving so i like what they have on offense yeah but they are another team kind of like usc where they they have some really good pieces on offense but the defense has been the hang up with chip kelly yeah 1st 1st 4 or 5 years at ucla so i am not sure what the defense will look like but either ethan garbers or dante moore i expect them to play well in chip kelly system and they have the pieces on offense to win 8 or 9 i think they could win 9 games at most 10 would be a major surprise like they would pull off upsets to win 10 games i expect them to be at least a 81 team yeah 7 or 8 so i have to mention the washington msu game yeah is there any hope for the spartans what what week is that that is week 3 yeah listen man i can not wait to get to this big 10 preview they got central and richmond the 1st few weeks those games are not going to tell you anything about msu i know i know 0 and then they just get put into the gauntlet 50 clock on peacock yeah geez what a strange store over living in now right luckily it is at msu it is at msu but i also that might not be good because they could shut down that home crown comb crowd very quickly yeah like i i have not heard anything out of the msu camp about the dbs like major making huge improvements like they obviously have talent and they have recruited well in the past few classes right but you have to see if those guys can make impacts like msu is front 7 what they have done recruiting and through the transfer portal i think they will be pretty strong yeah like jacoby winmen coming back he will be a good pass rusher and i forgot the name of the guy they brought from texas a m he is like a hybrid defensive end defensive tackle he is really powerful on the line but hey man i got to see what noah kim or katen hauser does on offense who is the running back who are the main 2 main 2 running backs going to be yeah who are the who is your receiver i mean you you got to do not want to talk about it you got the kid 0 my god the kid from pontiac he was like the number 3 trey mosley you got trey mosley he is a he is dependable yeah but you do not know if he is your number one malik carr might be like your most dangerous yeah i have had a lot of i have had a lot of hope for malik carr he looked good last year so hopefully there there is some more growth there yeah they they got to they also brought in like 2 other tight ends in the transfer portal so i do not know if they are trying to work in like a 2 or 3 tight end system i am not sure yeah but they got to target him a lot they they got to draw things to get him the ball yeah but i i do not know how much of a chance they have i mean washington in that game i honestly also do not know what their running back room is going to be like how they are going to do like they brought back burger elijah collins went to oregon state oklahoma state oklahoma state you are right the jalen burger showed signs last year yeah he shows the promise of when he was a high 4 star guy yeah i mean you got the the kid from georgia i can not remember his name he is like a junior now you got a lot he played a lot as a freshman is that very sorry no he he came in as a recruit a few years ago it is his last name simmons 0 yeah you are right okay i will have to look it up yeah i want to look at the stats jordan simmons yeah jordan simmons is back yeah yeah i do not i do not know what like what their hopes are for him i just hate that they have a revolving door of running yeah jalenberg you got jared broussard you got simmons yeah yeah i am not 100 sure yeah yeah you losing jaden reed is just tough yes he was the ultimate playmate no losing keon coleman is tough sorry that was i listen we are saving the deep dive for the yeah i know i am going too far i am going too far just when i was like really liking keon coleman too but yeah i i do not i do not i do not know how they stay within double digits of washington that offense is just too dangerous unless noah kim is him yeah they they will have to get like consistent pressure on michael pennix yeah to have a chance and either noah kim arcade and hauser has to be him yeah to keep pace right how is washington is defense washington is defense like has been sell me on them winning the pack they have been somewhat underwhelming since jimmy lake left because he was all defense and like no offense and that is what made them so terrible that that one year he was head coach yeah so they brought in caitlin deboer and his in his 1st season they win 10 games and their defense was just good enough to keep them in in like most games but they have to take a next step if they want to win the conference okay they they have to be able to take a next step like they on on paper they do not have any like standout superstar guy they have a few guys that are like potential all conference but they do not have like that all american guy unless somebody emerges but yeah okay they should they should be slight at least slightly better okay they should be an okay defense so then do you think it would be fairly easy for usc to take over to take them over at number one like in the conference because you think washington is going to win right that is what you said also i would have them at number one because there is it is something about lincoln riley teams and specifically this 2nd chapter of this usc lincoln riley team they do not have enough on defense okay 1st of all lincoln riley does not coach defense really yeah right and secondly they do not he does not have the players like he brought in bear alexander from georgia a big 5 star defensive tackle that was a freshman last year he already has a few like he has some knick knack injuries in camp that has kept him out that you do not have any like star players on that defense and because lincoln riley is the coach i do not trust them to play very good defense for the most part so they are they are talented enough to win most games because of their offense right but they are also keep teams in it like arizona has the has the offense to most likely stay in a game with them like last year they did i think usc beat arizona like 49 to like 42 last year hopefully their defense is better than that now yeah but i do not know so you just think that caleb williams has to be even better than he has been if they want to like he has to basically be only he has to stay healthy and be just as good or even better okay for them to win the car if they win the conference they are going to the playoffs right yeah and i just do not i just can not see that i can not see them getting to the playoff okay because 1st of all the caleb williams and nobody is won 2 kinds have been since the 70s right i do not see him winning back to back heismans there are some people that think michael penix might have just as good a chance to win i have heard that now yeah because he is healthy now so yeah he is fully healthy like i said his receiving core is really good and i do not think many people are going to stop him yeah they are going to put up at least like 40 several times okay now i want you to make the case for oregon if oregon is going to win the conference what do they have to do what do they have on paper oregon is the most talented team in the pac 12 and they have done an amazing job from mario diaz i mean manny diaz to not many did mario crystal ball was their coach i was thinking of miami is old coach mario crystal ball recruited very well for oregon it did not lead to them making the run people expected now they bring in i forgot the coach is name oregon head coach foreign dan lanning dan lanning has continued recruiting at a very high level they just this is it is i have said almost the same thing for every pac 12 team they have to show it no pac 12 team had a great defense last year utah had a good defense oregon state had a really good defense but like none of the most talented teams have really good defenses i do not know if it is a west coast thing i do not know if it is because of the style of play has changed so much but oregon has the at least recruits and high level talent to do it and one guy i am paying attention to dj all young lele is little brother i think his name is mateo 0 yeah he is a true freshman at oregon he was the top defensive end in the country and it is going to be really fun seeing oregon play oregon state little brother versus big brother but yeah he is he is expected to play a lot on the defensive line as a defensive end and give them a lot of pass russian ability oregon has the most talent bonix is really good i do not i might swing myself to say the number i am just going to stick with washington that is my number one right now i was just trying to get get a case made for the how that team would overcome like oregon has what it takes to win the pac 12 yeah but i i do not know what it is i just i just see michael penix in that washington offense just consistently outplaying everybody else okay is there any other pac 12 team you want to mention i like arizona they went from one win to 5 wins last year they have a ton of talent on offense the recruiting has gone up another level macmillan is a guy to watch he is assault he was a 5 star guy last year picked arizona over oregon he was their highest rated recruiting school history when he when he committed and he was instantly impact guy he is going to be an nfl guy he is a big play 6 4 like almost £200 he can run he can go up and get it he is an overall just problemat receiver so he is one to watch yeah i i hope they can win 6 games and get to a ball they have enough firepower to do it but looking at their schedule yeah mississippi state week 2 will not be easy they got washington usc washington state and oregon in 4 straight weeks yeah their their schedule is not easy they can go 6 and 6 you know i am just going to predict it they are going to go 6 and 6 they are going to be like the the team right in the middle of the pac 12 because i i think they they have enough to do it after winning 5 last year they can win 6 okay yeah are you sad to see the pac 12 disappear because that is basically what is going to happen i personally this is the salute to the best i personally have not loved like what that conference has been recently i have still watched like pac 12 after dark has been entertaining in the past few years but see their teams like can never get over the hump yeah washington made the playoff and got smacked by alabama one year oregon making the playoff in like the very 1st year was the one time they had a chance and they just they could not beat ohio state right yeah they they just always been a league that has been known for finesse and not being physical enough to make real runs like there is a reason why utah has always come out on in the in the past few years right because the other teams just they do not have what it takes to outlast like a real physical team and utah just always figures it out in the end yeah that could be different this year this being the last year in the conference but you can not count out utah because they have done it 2 years in a row it is going to be weird seeing the west coast conference go on yeah it is going to be very strange like the rose bowl i do not know what the rose bowl becomes now like it was like the pac 12 slash pac 10 champion versus the big 10 champion that is what the rose bowl was for over 40 years right so changing that it is it is just it is strange yeah for me i do not have too many like fond memories of the pack 12 necessarily back when i like remember watching like stanford had some good teams of course with andrew luck oregon was always my team though i will be honest teams with like dennis dixon or marcus mariota i was about to say you were joey harrington guy no that was before that was before i got into football joey harrington was way before i got it dennis dixon was when like chip kelly started putting yeah yeah well michael james de anthony thomas yeah they were just a fun team to watch and i always said that if i ever played college sports and i had a ton of d one offers to any school that i wanted to go to i would pick oregon every day so that is like the only team that i can really even think about that i have somewhat sadness ego never really liked usc never really liked ucla ucla the last couple years were fun with dtr and chardonnay going over there but i do not know usc i always hated too because they are quarterbacks for a long time never worked out in the nfl and stuff and i do not know just bothered me one of those weird things you know kind of like the the ohio state quarterback deal for a while so to me it does not hurt that much i am sure for the college fans it is probably pretty tough but yeah i will say i feel bad for oregon state because they are they are starting to like re emerge as a football program yeah and now they are just being left right in the middle of nowhere yeah and that that really sucks like i am a fan of what oregon state is becoming yeah and a lot of people have proposed i think you included talking about them moving to the mountain west which is they would become like the top dog conference that is what i am saying though that would just be awful for them to be in a basically non competitive conference in my opinion at least for where they are at right now but yeah at least in basketball the mountain west would not be too bad but yeah yeah it is weird it is going to be weird and it is going to keep happening like we like we talked about more conferences are going to probably start dissolving it is it is going to be weird before we move on okay we have not brought up colorado in prime time okay that is there i thought about that they are the team everybody is watching to see if they are listen they won one game last year yeah whatever criticism you want to put on dion in this 1st year i think it is not warranted in one bit unless it is like just it completely falls apart which listen this is like a portal team yeah he basically he like brought in a 70 to 80 brand new team right this is unprecedented for college football he brought in his son shadora from jackson state who i believe in i believe in his talent i think he will eventually be nfl quarterback i think he will put up good numbers i think he has recruited well for this 1st team i think he is brought in a bunch of good transfers and travis hunter could literally be a starting corner or a receiver at any school in the country that is how much of a phenom talent travis hunter is will they make a bowl game i do not think so i think at best at best they win 5 if they win 6 games dion might be packed 12 cups of the year yeah because that this what he is doing this is like the next like version of a rebuild right just completely flipping it he is flipping 18 from one year to the next and trying to make it work in one like in this 1st year yeah ah i do not know if if they win 4 games that is a successful season to me last year they were probably like they were bottom 3 divorce teams in the fbs they were they were by far the worst power 5 team in college football last year right it was disgusting so if they win 4 or 5 games it is a 5 games is a huge success they make a ball game that is crazy yeah i just hope they i hope they win 4 if they if they go 3 and 9 i would not be surprised and it would not be scary to me because it is so much of a flip and a rebuild right yeah pete come on the people like people is opinions are going to be all over the place we know it is probably going to be absurd yeah but it is yeah they will not be that great yeah and with that the pac 12 is over rip goodbye all right move on to a little bit of a preseason football talk for the nfl a couple of the little news highlights i did not see it yet but you had said that sam darnold has gotten the number 2 spot on san francisco is quarterback depth chart over trey lance they got some decisions to make 0 boy i think he is he has got to be traded at this point like there is no way they are going to hold on to him with a young brock purdy sam darnold is technically still young it is like if they already like those 2 more like they can have them around for longer and i do not know if they like they are they are super bowl window is short that they can not be worrying about developing tray lands i think i think they needed him to maybe develop for a year and figure it out in year 2 does not look like it is happened it is kind of unfortunate i think you can still be a good quarterback but probably not going to be with san francisco i would say and then another trade that might happen i am kind of skeptical of it but jonathan taylor finally did get the opportunity where the colts said you can go and seek out a trade does not sound like anybody is going to be biting necessarily you never know somebody will bite i thought somebody would have bit on austin eckler austin eckler was in the same situation i know he is a little bit older but i i do not know and if somebody is interested though it is are the colts interested in their offer that is the next step that is the problem and it sounds like nobody wants to give up a 1st round pick so i do not know how that is going to work but it will be unfortunate if jonathan taylor gets traded because i think him and anthony richardson would be really exciting but jonathan taylor would also be exciting probably in another location that is a better team overall preseason week 2 for the lions played against the jaguars 0 boy it was not fun to watch i watched it for like the 1st quarter and it was ugly it was not great they did not play like any starters so there was nothing to really go off of i think knight nate sudfeld probably ended his career with that game he is a veteran backup so somebody really feel bad for him somebody will put him on their roster practice squad qb nate sutfeld 0 man he went 9 for 18 threw a touchdown threw a terrible interception teddy obviously was not comfortable at all yet no yeah good old 2 gloves he he also number 50 yeah it was a bit much it is a lot bridgewater went for 5 for 11 for 34 yards not getting much done the running game was awful but again jamir gives him play none of the wide receivers played they let all the young guys go do not drummond i think there were maybe like 2 or 3 good things from this game yeah one of them sign chase coda i am i am on the chase code he had a good punt return he had a touchdown catch he had another catch that looked like it was going to be very impressive yeah that teddy through to the sideline and he reached out to grab like that kid can play i think that was kind of the biggest problem that i had was this game was supposed to like give us knowledge of what wide receiver they were going to keep between like drummond antoine green chase coda like who was going to maybe make like the depth chart and not be practice squad and they did not have a quarterback throwing to them yeah throughout the entire game this one in those very few moments chase coda really stood out yeah and jack campbell to me he is he is for real i am going to say this every single week i love the jack campbell pick then and i am going to keep loving it like he is the guy yeah yeah the defense did not look too bad for the most part james houston got a sack john kaminsky got a sack they both look pretty good this is i am going to ask you a question that might be a little out there hot takish okay there are moments where where james houston looks like an absolute like he looks like like a perennial pro bowl pass rusher at times does this dude have like in a secret unlocked potential because it is like on a daily not a daily bit from a game to game basis there is at least one play where he just either like bends around offensive lineman or just runs through somebody yeah and it is like who is this dude i mean he had 8 sacks in 7 games last year that is what like is is this dude is pretend what do you think this guy is ceiling is because he he shows something every game where it is like how is he doing this yeah we have to keep him around obviously he looks like a serious weapon how much of a weapon do you think he could really be to me it looks like he could maybe be a pro bowler if he stays healthy because he has such natural talent rush on the passer yeah i mean i hate to get too over hyped provo might be a little bit too crazy but like just even if he just makes one just like a solid pass rusher guy pass rusher he could easily be a 10 set guy i am like i am not taking that away from him if we could get 12 sacks out of him in a season that is what i i to me he looks like a guy that could potentially be like yeah one or 2 seasons it is like james houston has 12 or 13 sacks in back to back seasons yeah and everybody is like where did this dude come from that is how good he looks to me sometimes yeah i think that is how this i think that is how the defensive line could turn out to be honest it sounded like you had a little anger and hope at the same time yeah when you said that it makes it obviously as a lions fan it always makes you nervous when you start to get hyped about things and you do not want to overblow it but if if aiden and james houston can just stay on the same development track that they are on right now they could be a force listen you got them 2 on the d line you got jack campbell and rodrigo headhunting brian branch apparently is enforcing his way on the roster they are saying they cannot well he is he is forcing himself into like potentially yeah yeah like they are saying they would feel dumb if they did not start him so they are they are starting to move cj gardner johnson around and brian branch looks like he is going to start with tracy walker so they they have young guys at every level of the defense that i know can be impacted i know and i am not even drinking the blue kool aid i know yeah and i am just you know i am just looking at it how it is people think that elim mcneil is going to be a good pick and we have seen little things out of like josh pascal finally little little signs maybe is the dude they picked out of western kentucky is he hurt i have not heard like a peep about him i am trying to think who is that what his name 0 it is it is jarring my mind draft picks i can not i cannot i did not remember either i can just pull up their roster maybe his name is who can find it 1st roderick martin damn i was literally right there i have heard nothing about project martin yeah now that you say it i do not know too much either he is had 2 tackles see i did not even know he was playing so far but i i do agree i think he has been kind of banged up a little bit as far as i know but yeah i mean it is just looking at the going down the line like apparently there has been some like julian aguara like trade rumor stuff i would i still think he has got something in there romeo kwara like there is good there is a good mix of young guys and some some veteran type guys i do not know like i said i i hate to say that this team could be really good but like look at our safeties cj gardner johnson kirby joseph tracy walker brian branch that is insane and last year our secondary was trash yeah that is maybe the only thing that is exciting i do not know what they are going to get out of pre season week 3 the lines are not really a team where they play their starters in the preseason they are going to go up the pan against the panthers too and if the panther panthers play their starters on defense lions offense is once again going to have a rough time because without the lines offensive starters that panthers defense is actually pretty good so i will be curious to see what happens there any other standouts in preseason week 2 that you can think of tana mckee looked really good for the eagles yeah like his i was getting frustrated watching them play because his receivers were dropping balls and like they just were not making plays and he was dropping high level like in the bucket passes on back shoulder throws and deep balls like he he can really throw it people do not realize he decided to stay at stanford and they were terrible and stanford had like a high level quarterback and they just could not get anything done yeah so i was really impressed with tanner mckee the giants offense looked really good in their like few drives yeah yeah they looked like darren waller was easily getting passes daniel jones looks good jalen hyatt got a touchdown pass from your boy from tie rod yep they look good the steelers offense looked like they could take a step yeah kenny pick is starting to look pretty solid like i was going to mention like my whole thing was going to be young quarterbacks looked good we both really enjoyed sam howell on monday night 0 yeah he looked really good he and jahan dotson look like they have some good chemistry going and that is unfortunate for terry mclaren he did get some turf toe so he might be banged up heading into week one but they said it should not should not matter but like the commanders they could be sneaky good they could be interesting yeah they won did they win 9 games last year maybe it was 8 maybe like they were 88 and one yeah i do not think they quite made they won 8 games last year in at times they were like they have got stuff they got talent on both sides of the ball exactly yeah they have a stable offense they can really surprise people they got a lot of good guys at skill positions things like that yeah the overall standout rookie quarterback in preseason has been aiden 0 connell yeah and that has been really surprising like he is he has been efficient he has been accurate right he is throwing like 3 touchdowns to no picks yeah he has been really impressive which honestly it could be nice for the raiders like if if jimmy garoppolo gets hurt or struggles even the raiders might just decide to to reset and just go with aiden 0 connell i i would not be completely surprised if that happens yeah the other one i was going to mention too is just more of confidence for malik willis i think again he still looks he looks really good of course running the ball against the vikings his throwing is getting better it is still a little shaky at times but it looks like he is just going to outright beat will levis on the depth chart which is another scary thing and then also for tennessee taijae spears looks really good so like if if derrick henry goes down at all or anything like that that could be that could be good for them yeah my boy deuce had another impressive run only average like 2.8 to carry but we are not going to talk about that that is okay yeah he is still figuring out the game but in in the open field he is obviously super hard to contain yeah he is just so elusive and at his size people have a hard time like getting the target on them right so he is he is going to make a lot of people miss 0 the other one we have to talk about but i almost forgot your real boy ronnie bell listen i know he is playing against backups and stuff and he is not playing against the starters listen i have said and i i had a tweet a few years ago it might have been at the start of last season or it is 2 seasons ago i can not remember i tweeted and i i do not think anybody responded i tweeted that ronnie bell was just as good as chris olave in that if he was at ohio state he would put up the exact same numbers ryan bell is going to be a good nfl receiver for a long time yeah and if you are a receiver at the university of michigan i am kind of depressed at this moment to say having a career like ronnie bells is like as good as it gets at michigan right now and i do not know if it is just harbaugh is fault or the way the offense has been constructed michigan is offense has not been built to let a receiver have a high level season for years now yeah yeah nico collins dan donovan people is jones if either of those guys were at ohio state they would be 1st round picks yeah and donovan people jones was like a 7th round pick nico was like a 3rd round pick because he blew off the combine we might be able to see nico this year though yeah he might be texans number one but listen ronnie bell is a very good receiver just as good as a lot of guys that put up better numbers in college and he is showing his skill yeah he he show he is he has great hands he is a great route runner he is not the fastest but he is quick he is a very good number too yeah and he could easily find himself into that number 3 slot for the 49 ers yeah i think obviously devo samuel and brandon ayuk number one but like we have seen juwan jennings before and it seems like the 49 ers always have kind of a a random 3rd receiver that is out there 0 like ray ray mcleod this is another one so like i think he could definitely jump in there and be that number 3 guy so yeah last thing i wanted to mention really quick too baker mayfield is the starter for tampa bay how long do you think they will last when did the kyle trask era begin because kyle trask looked pretty good in the preseason i am looking at the buccaneers schedule vikings week one their defense is not anything crazy right bears week 2 eagles week 3 saints week 4 lines that stretch of weeks 4 through 6 might things might get really scary for baker yeah yeah eagles saints and lions defenses back to back to back right there might be some picks and some fumbles and there will be some rumblings about kyle trask around week 7 okay yeah the falcons defense is not anything to yeah they will be they should be all right too and then the bills do for you around week 7 might be the time people are like let us just put trash in and see what he has yeah man the box schedule is kind of brutal i also got to play the 49 ers tough interesting okay unless this is just another year where baker mayfield all of a sudden he just figures it out i mean he has got mike evans which it seems like a perfect yeah him he has got chris godwin yeah he has got pieces around him right just depends if he can use them or not all right that does it for today we have college football this weekend malik yeah and i will not be watching at all next week we talk about the big weekend yeah week one we will do a full on big 10 preview we will get to any other teams that we can and then then the following week nfl season kicks off and then we are just back into talking about games perfect so this has been views from the sidelines we will see you guys next time pack 12 we might not miss you that much but it is still sad that you are going

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zW4bulfYnGs

[Music] what a wonderful day to go work on a cooler so we got one that's freezing up so we're gonna get there and see what's going on i'm gonna guess that either it's low on charge or the thermostat's acting up or we have a fan out so let's go take a look at it and see what we've got going on so we've got us another true natural refrigerant so we've got a coil that is really freezing up it's been doing it since freaking uh june it worked for maybe a month and then they got to unplug it and then basically it works again for a while looks like our seals are in need of placing okay so we're a little bit dirty there i'm going to clean that off you can see we've got a little bit of water down there in our pan coil's looking a little ratty i am going to do my usual i'm going to brush the coil off we're going to check the system for leaks because that tends to happen and uh i noticed the condenser coil don't feel very warm we're gonna check our temperature sensors because they've changed positions a few times and we're going to check our programming in this thing so he just turned it on both temperature sensors are in that area we're also going to find out see it's on uh we're also going to find out whether or not it's set up for a cumulative defrost or time defrost and from what i've learned the time defrost has been the most reliable and had the least problems as usual they try to be all efficient and that tends to not work out so well so let's go ahead and get started here all right so we scanned it over for leaks and uh not really finding anything however look right here you can see that signs of oil it's nowhere else up here so i'm pretty sure we have us a leak our pressures might be a little bit low so if the pressures are low they aren't going to get much of a leak so i'm going to probably tap this thing as much as i don't want to and find out i still got to check our coil up here yet for our sensor you can see where all this thing is there's the blue one going back here make sure that's in the right spot but it's leaning towards an issue with the uh refrigerant level which like i said i've seen the leak there before i've replaced this coil on another one before didn't have anything on any of the cap tube and stuff like that which is one of the smarter things they finally started to do put the cap tube in here so that you can change it without having to run a whole new line down here which i don't know why they didn't do that long time ago so we're gonna go ahead and probably tap this thing double check the sensors and programming first before we do that because it's one of the last things i want to do so we went through here and double checked the defrost type and the type was uh cumulative so we switched it to time we checked the differential on a temperature it goes three degrees above three degrees below we changed the uh temperature for defrost to end at from 40 took it to a little higher and the maximum defrost times 40 minutes so um we did a few changes there but because i can see that oil in here on the coil [Music] right up in here see that stain there that right there tells me there's a leak most likely a leak in that area because there's no reason for it to be brown like that so i am leaning oh and i also adjusted the temperature sensor on the back a little higher normally it's a little bit towards the top of the coil instead of towards the middle all those things combined um i'm really leaning towards doing head tapping this thing i didn't want to but i think that's about where we're at all right so went ahead and cut it loose we're gonna go ahead and do this with my little torch here this is quarter inch lines this shouldn't take much heat to do it i'm tired of bringing in the monster torch every time we want to do something so we're gonna get this done there we go we got that there go ahead and cool it down get the valve core in there chances are this is going to be low factory recommends you go on high side also we're just going to see if it looks low to begin with and then we'll add a little bit and order a coil if that's where we need to we can always check the customer and see if they want to go for you know full-blown leak search here and stuff because i mean that's where we're leading that you can see the coil down below there looks like crap but i didn't pick up any leaks on that so let's go ahead and get tapped onto this thing and find out where we're at we went ahead and got the coil back in there with the cover on so we got some airflow you can see that we're running 23 below on our coil which it's coming up a little bit it's been running for a little bit um our discharge gas even before we go into that water coil is not very hot i mean it's hot but it's not hot we're only talking 3.3 ounces on this thing so you can tell that we are we're running pretty low the pressure is usually you know i should say the saturation temperatures are pretty equivalent to what you're used to seeing so uh i would say you know depending on what they want to do we should probably add some nitrogen to it verify that it is leaking the evaporator i'm gonna see what they want to do before we go much further i mean it's we could add an ounce or two and it'd probably be just perfectly fine but that doesn't fix the problem so i went ahead and shut it off to see what my my pressures were right at 73 pounds i would have figured i would have picked up a leak i think what i'm going to do is i'm going to pull out the refrigerant just weigh it back in see how it acts after that that's sometimes the easiest thing to do since you only hold three ounces all right so we went ahead and drained everything out it's still slight positive very little of any as usual here's the reason why i can't stand my five five fives because they never go back to zero once they go from one to another which it's two pounds i understand not a humongous deal but what we're going to do we're going to warm this bottle up because it's 30 degrees outside we're going to use our little uh weight scale here we're going to put it in there we'll flip it upside down we're going to use that to invert it and we're just going to weigh the refrigerant back in so we uh we could actually fill this bottle full or this bowl full of water if we wanted to which i might i don't know right now we're gonna run some hot water on this thing bring that temperature up because she's she's cold she's definitely cold but we're only talking three freaking ounces i'm gonna charge it in liquid disconnect hook my digital gauges back up once it's running see where our bracers are at i guarantee they're gonna be better than what they were um it's definitely running uh running low there's no reason for it to be that low i did speak with them they wanted to just go with the coil uh i've had this before with this coil so not a real surprise but it's leaking where it's leaking at i mean why was the oh that's high quality right there in it geez what why is everything garbage nowadays nothing is good holy cow nothing is good yeah she's warm now good deal all right all right so i've been wanting to build a stand for it but honestly we're just going to do this the simple method [Music] so we went ahead and bled it up to the ball valve there let's invert this puppy there we go that'll hold her up just like that turn on her weight scale and we'll get her set up i just did a google it comes out to 93.3 grams we'll get it down here on the ground and get her started all right so let's go ahead and zero that thing out i am not completely connected here so we're going to bleed that should have knocked any air that was in there between that and the schrader core back to grams let's go ahead and dump in 93. look how quick and easy that is and stop so they even went over by just a touch but that's gonna make up for my hoses going on and off that's a minuscule amount so let's go ahead and disconnect actually we can go ahead and start it up that way it sucks whatever's in that tube out of there we don't lose anything more we have to so it's good turn this thing back on fan should come on give it a moment there there goes the compressors kicking on let our fan do our forward and backwards crap so that get any gunk out of it we uh by uh flipping it back up we'll go ahead and get that thing to drain back into the tube as much as possible so it should be dropping yeah hardly lost anything there all right so now we're running 33 pounds of pressure which is equivalent to 11 degree evaporator that's going to rise a little bit once it starts to stabilize which further confirms that it was low on refrigerant this little scale here you can get on amazon i used it for my food scale when i was losing my weight measuring everything i ate so it's cheap it's in my parts description which guys down in my uh description area of the thing i've got three different tool bags for four different tool bags plus my patreon if you guys want to see everything that you see here all put in one area so you can find it it's in there and you pay the same rate through amazon and i get a small percentage of what you guys buy it helps support the channel without having to actually spend any money out of your pocket today we're running a 20 degree evaporator so far which is beautiful compared to what it was uh that's first time i tried it like that be honest with you um you know it's it's going to uh boil off into a vapor it's not like you're slugging the compressor you're talking free measly flipping ounces so i think a lot of people make this a little more complicated than what it needs to be not that that means you should not take precautions and everything and you need to read through the manual and take you know the training on it to use the proper procedures and stuff this is not obviously the absolute buy the book way they want discharge and head pressure both but since this thing wasn't running into a negative i wasn't too worried about the compressor you know screwing up the oil and contaminating it causing it to cause a capillary tube restriction you can see right here we're already at 18 degree of app our temperature is still about 54. so let's go ahead and let this thing run for a little bit longer we may rescan it now we're going to have a little more pressure in it and guys don't focus on pressure pressure doesn't matter pressures is is an arbitrary number all dictated by temperature so get that out of your head focus always on saturation temperatures so we're gonna let this run for a little bit and see what we got since they're going to go with a new coil i'm going to leave that port on there for now uh you guys probably seen other people do it uh i know chris has done it before what i usually do is i like this one here because it's easy to re-round it i pinch it cut it make sure there's no leaks put a already swedged quarter-inch fitting on there undo it re-round it do my thing pinch it back off rephrase it you're good to go shouldn't have to do a whole lot of anything i like that a little bit better than the uh than the uh saddle taps that are usually garbage all right so what we're doing is we're checking our discharge temperature and we're checking out the temperature right there and so discharge temperature is 117 and our liquid temperature is right around 79. so that kind of tells us we're getting a little closer to where you would figure i mean it is a very efficient refrigerant so it doesn't run near as hot differential between the two of them is 38 degrees that's how much our condenser is condensing it so these are things that you should do while you're learning these new types of machines guys that are new out there you can start taking notes of what your normal pressures are what's your normal temperature what's the ambient temperature when you're doing it what's the normal liquid temperature what's your normal hot gas temperature for the unit you're working on if you do all those things you'll have something to reference so when you go back on one that's not working and then that'll give you a place to start so these are all things that you can use to help better yourself i mean just little dumb tricks like this i mean i just kind of pulled this out of my butt and uh you know it's not rocket science you need to invert it do i need a fancy stand hell no freaking freaking bucket works and i fit on there perfect so as you can tell we're at 36 degrees it's only been probably maybe 10 minutes if you're lucky and we're looking pretty so basically moral this job here is it was low on charge we have a leaking evaporator you can go off the signs and see that with the oil over the coil and in the pan uh you know there's no oil going to be in just one spot of the pan if it's not leaking i mean it's something from the food it's going to be all over and uh so that's that's about it on that one there and look at that oh she just shut off 36 is where it went to it's supposed to be a three degree above and three degree below and i think yeah it's set for 36 which yeah so 37 38 39 so come on at 39 yeah it's kind of let's go 35 and since they're gonna be funny that should be better than what it was so yeah there you go so let's go ahead and scan it again see what we find maybe we'll find something on this all right so you know me i can't give up unless i know certainly what i'm going to do is going to be the real repair so we come into here there we go it appears it's up in there because it didn't go off on the bottom one do it one more time you can narrow it down it's kind of cool because look it's slowly variable even though it's electronic all the way up a little bit down just just just a little a little bit down a little further down kind of cool yeah we got all the way up so let's go ahead and here's the very bottom one it might be that one there you can probably try to fix it but this stuff is so freaking thin it just isn't worth it let's go ahead and go up a little higher the one above it [Music] we see a little bit of a crack on the paint there this is the same place it leaked last time a little higher i'll see i'm on the one just above it [Music] that's what i wanted to know i'm gonna spray it just for giggles [Music] we are 75 pounds of pressure it probably helped a little bit so i'll go ahead and [Music] get that off there and kind of a little bit there more than i want to lose but like i said we're coming back and when we do that final one i usually like to disconnect when i have the little hose on it or while it's running that way you lose the least amount because as you've seen it just doesn't hold a whole lot at all we're gonna go out there and grab that soap and just spray it for giggles to see if we can visually see it on top of everything else to see much of anything yeah it's not on the solder joint because the solder joint kind of is right here to the left right right there in the center so it's leaking between the metal and that and that's just so thin it's not worth jacking with um might even have a little bit there it's hard to say that's just accumulation or what kind of looks like a little bit there too so i mean it happened on one there's a good chance it's happening on others yeah but it's not on the main solder joints so there you go another r290 leak i don't know if this refrigerant is possibly eating the coil up or what exactly the story is or it's just they're trying to make it so thin that it's not lasting it's hard to say i mean there's nobody that really stands out as being better than the other so go and get our freaking insulation plate back up there so it doesn't end up dripping all over the place there we go so anyhow hey guys that's gonna wrap this one up if you like the video you know what to do leave a little love down in the comment section don't forget to check out the links like i was mentioning earlier and until next time we will catch you on the next one

what a wonderful day to go work on a cooler so we got one that is freezing up so we are going to get there and see what is going on i am going to guess that either it is low on charge or the thermostat is acting up or we have a fan out so let us go take a look at it and see what we have got going on so we have got us another true natural refrigerant so we have got a coil that is really freezing up it has been doing it since freaking june it worked for maybe a month and then they got to unplug it and then basically it works again for a while looks like our seals are in need of placing okay so we are a little bit dirty there i am going to clean that off you can see we have got a little bit of water down there in our pan coil is looking a little ratty i am going to do my usual i am going to brush the coil off we are going to check the system for leaks because that tends to happen and i noticed the condenser coil do not feel very warm we are going to check our temperature sensors because they have changed positions a few times and we are going to check our programming in this thing so he just turned it on both temperature sensors are in that area we are also going to find out see it is on we are also going to find out whether or not it is set up for a cumulative defrost or time defrost and from what i have learned the time defrost has been the most reliable and had the least problems as usual they try to be all efficient and that tends to not work out so well so let us go ahead and get started here all right so we scanned it over for leaks and not really finding anything however look right here you can see that signs of oil it is nowhere else up here so i am pretty sure we have us a leak our pressures might be a little bit low so if the pressures are low they are not going to get much of a leak so i am going to probably tap this thing as much as i do not want to and find out i still got to check our coil up here yet for our sensor you can see where all this thing is there is the blue one going back here make sure that is in the right spot but it is leaning towards an issue with the refrigerant level which like i said i have seen the leak there before i have replaced this coil on another one before did not have anything on any of the cap tube and stuff like that which is one of the smarter things they finally started to do put the cap tube in here so that you can change it without having to run a whole new line down here which i do not know why they did not do that long time ago so we are going to go ahead and probably tap this thing double check the sensors and programming 1st before we do that because it is one of the last things i want to do so we went through here and double checked the defrost type and the type was cumulative so we switched it to time we checked the differential on a temperature it goes 3 degrees above 3 degrees below we changed the temperature for defrost to end at from 40 took it to a little higher and the maximum defrost times 40 minutes so we did a few changes there but because i can see that oil in here on the coil right up in here see that stain there that right there tells me there is a leak most likely a leak in that area because there is no reason for it to be brown like that so i am leaning 0 and i also adjusted the temperature sensor on the back a little higher normally it is a little bit towards the top of the coil instead of towards the middle all those things combined i am really leaning towards doing head tapping this thing i did not want to but i think that is about where we are at all right so went ahead and cut it loose we are going to go ahead and do this with my little torch here this is quarter inch lines this should not take much heat to do it i am tired of bringing in the monster torch every time we want to do something so we are going to get this done there we go we got that there go ahead and cool it down get the valve core in there chances are this is going to be low factory recommends you go on high side also we are just going to see if it looks low to begin with and then we will add a little bit and order a coil if that is where we need to we can always check the customer and see if they want to go for you know full blown leak search here and stuff because i mean that is where we are leading that you can see the coil down below there looks like crap but i did not pick up any leaks on that so let us go ahead and get tapped onto this thing and find out where we are at we went ahead and got the coil back in there with the cover on so we got some airflow you can see that we are running 23 below on our coil which it is coming up a little bit it has been running for a little bit our discharge gas even before we go into that water coil is not very hot i mean it is hot but it is not hot we are only talking 3.3 ounces on this thing so you can tell that we are we are running pretty low the pressure is usually you know i should say the saturation temperatures are pretty equivalent to what you are used to seeing so i would say you know depending on what they want to do we should probably add some nitrogen to it verify that it is leaking the evaporator i am going to see what they want to do before we go much further i mean it is we could add an ounce or 2 and it would probably be just perfectly fine but that does not fix the problem so i went ahead and shut it off to see what my my pressures were right at £73 i would have figured i would have picked up a leak i think what i am going to do is i am going to pull out the refrigerant just weigh it back in see how it acts after that that is sometimes the easiest thing to do since you only hold 3 ounces all right so we went ahead and drained everything out it is still slight positive very little of any as usual here is the reason why i can not stand my 555s because they never go back to 0 once they go from one to another which it is £2 i understand not a humongous deal but what we are going to do we are going to warm this bottle up because it is 30 degrees outside we are going to use our little weight scale here we are going to put it in there we will flip it upside down we are going to use that to invert it and we are just going to weigh the refrigerant back in so we we could actually fill this bottle full or this bowl full of water if we wanted to which i might i do not know right now we are going to run some hot water on this thing bring that temperature up because she is she is cold she is definitely cold but we are only talking 3 freaking ounces i am going to charge it in liquid disconnect hook my digital gauges back up once it is running see where our bracers are at i guarantee they are going to be better than what they were it is definitely running running low there is no reason for it to be that low i did speak with them they wanted to just go with the coil i have had this before with this coil so not a real surprise but it is leaking where it is leaking at i mean why was the 0 that is high quality right there in it geez what why is everything garbage nowadays nothing is good holy cow nothing is good yeah she is warm now good deal all right all right so i have been wanting to build a stand for it but honestly we are just going to do this the simple method so we went ahead and bled it up to the ball valve there let us invert this puppy there we go that will hold her up just like that turn on her weight scale and we will get her set up i just did a google it comes out to 93.3 grams we will get it down here on the ground and get her started all right so let us go ahead and 0 that thing out i am not completely connected here so we are going to bleed that should have knocked any air that was in there between that and the schrader core back to grams let us go ahead and dump in 93 look how quick and easy that is and stop so they even went over by just a touch but that is going to make up for my hoses going on and off that is a minuscule amount so let us go ahead and disconnect actually we can go ahead and start it up that way it sucks whatever is in that tube out of there we do not lose anything more we have to so it is good turn this thing back on fan should come on give it a moment there there goes the compressors kicking on let our fan do our forward and backwards crap so that get any gunk out of it we by flipping it back up we will go ahead and get that thing to drain back into the tube as much as possible so it should be dropping yeah hardly lost anything there all right so now we are running £33 of pressure which is equivalent to 11 degree evaporator that is going to rise a little bit once it starts to stabilize which further confirms that it was low on refrigerant this little scale here you can get on amazon i used it for my food scale when i was losing my weight measuring everything i ate so it is cheap it is in my parts description which guys down in my description area of the thing i have got 3 different tool bags for 4 different tool bags plus my patreon if you guys want to see everything that you see here all put in one area so you can find it it is in there and you pay the same rate through amazon and i get a small percentage of what you guys buy it helps support the channel without having to actually spend any money out of your pocket today we are running a 20 degree evaporator so far which is beautiful compared to what it was that is 1st time i tried it like that be honest with you you know it is it is going to boil off into a vapor it is not like you are slugging the compressor you are talking free measly flipping ounces so i think a lot of people make this a little more complicated than what it needs to be not that that means you should not take precautions and everything and you need to read through the manual and take you know the training on it to use the proper procedures and stuff this is not obviously the absolute buy the book way they want discharge and head pressure both but since this thing was not running into a negative i was not too worried about the compressor you know screwing up the oil and contaminating it causing it to cause a capillary tube restriction you can see right here we are already at 18 degree of app our temperature is still about 54 so let us go ahead and let this thing run for a little bit longer we may rescan it now we are going to have a little more pressure in it and guys do not focus on pressure pressure does not matter pressures is is an arbitrary number all dictated by temperature so get that out of your head focus always on saturation temperatures so we are going to let this run for a little bit and see what we got since they are going to go with a new coil i am going to leave that port on there for now you guys probably seen other people do it i know chris has done it before what i usually do is i like this one here because it is easy to re round it i pinch it cut it make sure there is no leaks put a already swedged quarter inch fitting on there undo it re round it do my thing pinch it back off rephrase it you are good to go should not have to do a whole lot of anything i like that a little bit better than the than the saddle taps that are usually garbage all right so what we are doing is we are checking our discharge temperature and we are checking out the temperature right there and so discharge temperature is 117 and our liquid temperature is right around 79 so that kind of tells us we are getting a little closer to where you would figure i mean it is a very efficient refrigerant so it does not run near as hot differential between the 2 of them is 38 degrees that is how much our condenser is condensing it so these are things that you should do while you are learning these new types of machines guys that are new out there you can start taking notes of what your normal pressures are what is your normal temperature what is the ambient temperature when you are doing it what is the normal liquid temperature what is your normal hot gas temperature for the unit you are working on if you do all those things you will have something to reference so when you go back on one that is not working and then that will give you a place to start so these are all things that you can use to help better yourself i mean just little dumb tricks like this i mean i just kind of pulled this out of my butt and you know it is not rocket science you need to invert it do i need a fancy stand hell no freaking freaking bucket works and i fit on there perfect so as you can tell we are at 36 degrees it is only been probably maybe 10 minutes if you are lucky and we are looking pretty so basically moral this job here is it was low on charge we have a leaking evaporator you can go off the signs and see that with the oil over the coil and in the pan you know there is no oil going to be in just one spot of the pan if it is not leaking i mean it is something from the food it is going to be all over and so that is that is about it on that one there and look at that 0 she just shut off 36 is where it went to it is supposed to be a 3 degree above and 3 degree below and i think yeah it is set for 36 which yeah so 37 38 39 so come on at 39 yeah it is kind of let us go 35 and since they are going to be funny that should be better than what it was so yeah there you go so let us go ahead and scan it again see what we find maybe we will find something on this all right so you know me i can not give up unless i know certainly what i am going to do is going to be the real repair so we come into here there we go it appears it is up in there because it did not go off on the bottom one do it one more time you can narrow it down it is kind of cool because look it is slowly variable even though it is electronic all the way up a little bit down just just just a little a little bit down a little further down kind of cool yeah we got all the way up so let us go ahead and here is the very bottom one it might be that one there you can probably try to fix it but this stuff is so freaking thin it just is not worth it let us go ahead and go up a little higher the one above it we see a little bit of a crack on the paint there this is the same place it leaked last time a little higher i will see i am on the one just above it that is what i wanted to know i am going to spray it just for giggles we are £75 of pressure it probably helped a little bit so i will go ahead and get that off there and kind of a little bit there more than i want to lose but like i said we are coming back and when we do that final one i usually like to disconnect when i have the little hose on it or while it is running that way you lose the least amount because as you have seen it just does not hold a whole lot at all we are going to go out there and grab that soap and just spray it for giggles to see if we can visually see it on top of everything else to see much of anything yeah it is not on the solder joint because the solder joint kind of is right here to the left right right there in the center so it is leaking between the metal and that and that is just so thin it is not worth jacking with might even have a little bit there it is hard to say that is just accumulation or what kind of looks like a little bit there too so i mean it happened on one there is a good chance it is happening on others yeah but it is not on the main solder joints so there you go another r 290 leak i do not know if this refrigerant is possibly eating the coil up or what exactly the story is or it is just they are trying to make it so thin that it is not lasting it is hard to say i mean there is nobody that really stands out as being better than the other so go and get our freaking insulation plate back up there so it does not end up dripping all over the place there we go so anyhow hey guys that is going to wrap this one up if you like the video you know what to do leave a little love down in the comment section do not forget to check out the links like i was mentioning earlier and until next time we will catch you on the next one

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdwbzPsmBco

Welcome to the third session. What we have so far done is we have used only two colours. Now that can become boring sometimes, even though it is insightful. So let us see if we have any other option of making it using more colours. So let us go back to our electricity example once again. We are looking at source of lighting and we have looked at electricity over here. So far we have been putting some range, some particular cut-off here and saying 'execute query'. There's something interesting called 'range query' here and it asks you whether you want three colours, four colours, five colours or whatever. I usually stick to three. It gives me a palette- red, yellow, and green. And this is a default setting which the software itself does. Let us see how does the default setting look like. So we are looking at electricity being available to less than 34% or less than 35% households, less than 67% households and more than 67% households. So the more percentage households having electricity the better, the less the worse. So red, yellow, and green. This is just like a traffic signal- red, yellow, and green. So there is no other connotation to this. So we say 'execute range query'. So it shows you neat clusters- one over here, where less electricity is available, one over here where more electricity is available and of course you have this intermediate range. Now instead of depending on the computer, or the default setting based on our two-colour data, we could also bring it to, let us say, 60%. Let us say if it is less than 60%, we don't find it to be good or this our judgement and if it is 85% or more, then it is better. And then we ask it to execute the range query again. Right. Now you see this area, this is familiar, the kerosene using area. You find this area where electricity supply is in fairly large amount of households, you get another cluster intermediate cluster over here. What you interestingly notice is that Himachal or Uttrakhand which are hilly areas with difficult topography are able to reach electricity to its citizen, whereas these plain areas of UP and Bihar and even some parts of West Bengal etc. are not able to reach electricity to its citizen. So you will have to ask yourself, are we looking at a technology issue or are we looking at a governance issue? But we'll not belabour that point very much. I just wanted to forewarn you about something. So let us go to kerosene. We are looking at households which are using kerosene. This time we'll not take total, we'll just take rural households because as you know, rural households use more kerosene and we again go to range query, we say, yes three colours are fine. Now it does some setting on its own, we say 'execute range query'. Have you noticed something, that places where more and more households use kerosene, is shown as green and where less and less kerosene is used, it is shown as red. Now that's not what we want. So how do we handle that? So we go here, click on the palette, change it to, let us say, sorry we change it to this green. Now I don't like this green, so okay let me go down a little more. So I say yes, this is okay. I okay it. Yellow, it doesn't make a difference to it. So I go to red and okay this is alright, so I go here. Again look at it and say we need to change it. So we can, or take your pick, and I say okay, this looks better. So I give it this colour and then I ask it to execute the range query. Now you look at your good old kerosene area, you look at your area where less kerosene is used. You can change these settings as well. I just try a setting of say 25%. We'll say no, only if it is less than 25, I give it green and I say okay, if it is, why go to second decimal point, I just say two-third of the population, so I make it 66 and I ask it to execute the query again. I have given this example because many assignments where people submitted, they show that more use of cow dung cake as a fuel for cooking is considered to be better, by they colour it green. So you should always be careful. Don't use the default setting of the machine, because machine is extremely efficient but it is dumb as well. Thinking is something which you need to do, so therefore learn how to change the colour palette. Now we've been so far dealing with the states. Let us go to individual state. Now, I am going to Orissa because that is where I have worked for a long time, I am familiar with the terrain. The interesting part which I want you to see here is that now you get the state, you get the district and you also get the sub-district. Now one word of caution, in Orissa the sub-district traditionally has been the Thanas. In some states it can be Tehsil, at some states it can be blocked, that is something where you don't have a control because this has been traditionally the census style, but then if you have a map of blocks similar map can be created I'll go to that separately. So we go to sub-district, we will quickly look at the query part of it, I will quickly look at again female literacy. I just want to show you how the clustering happens. So if you look at literacy rate and I ask what is let us say rural female literacy. You see the range, so it starts from very low less than 15% so I ask which are these areas where less than 20% females are literate. You get a very small dot here. So you feel happy, when you become little more ambitious and say 35% then you suddenly see a larger area. Now you see how this is forming a cluster, you go to 40% the cluster becomes bigger. Right. You go to 45%. Now you start seeing a belt forming here as well. So you have this contiguous belt. Since I know the story to some extent, let me go to 52%. I will show you. Right. And if I go to something like 56% this belt expands. Now, this is one belt, this is another belt. What is so particular about this belt? Let me explore this and go to where are the tribals in Orissa. Okay, so I am looking at percentage scheduled tribe population, I again go to rural and I ask computer ji, where are the places where you have say 40% tribals, more than 40% and you see a similar pattern if I make it 35%. You don't get exactly corresponding map. In fact this particular belt has escaped the low literacy trap, but this belt and this belt are the ones where the tribals and the illiteracy among women happens to be coterminous. I will draw your attention to one more interesting parameter. It's worth looking at. Housing. Then we go to households. If you recollect, these were the parameters- radio, computer, television, landline, bicycle, two-wheeler etc. and you had households which had no assets. Let me ask the computer, are there sub-districts in Odisha where more than, let us say one-third of the population, doesn't have these assets? Right. You get this belt. Here you find that the tribals in this upper region are not having that incidence of poverty because asset-lessness is also indicator of poverty but this belt is fairly common. So what does this belt show in common? Higher concentration of tribal population, higher concentration of asset-less households and higher concentration of female literacy. So this is one thing which you need to see. I'll also take you to the interesting part in Orissa. We go back to literacy. We go back to demographic parameters, we go back to literacy rate, and we had seen rural female literacy rate when I had made it less than 52%, you got a particular cluster. Right. I execute the query and it shows me the cluster. Now if I look at the male literacy, what is happening to rural men? Now let us look at rural men. What is happening to rural men? Let me again put that 52%. You will hardly find any area, but if I raise it let us say to 66%, my original cluster starts coming back. If I go little more, if I go to 72%. I start getting this cluster back, I start getting this cluster back, then I go to 77. I am deliberately avoiding zeroes and fives just to show you that there is nothing sacred about zero and five you can go to any cut-off. Idea is to locate the clusters and then you see this one cluster here, you see one cluster here. Which means that the relative inequality remains the same, but the bar has gone up as far as rural men are concerned, we require 77% as a cut-off for the same cluster to emerge, which cluster can be very easily obtained when the female literacy rate is less than, you've guessed it right, 52%. But just let's reinforce that. Though here you will notice that as far as this belt is concerned, the maps don't exactly coincide. But then you'll have to monkey around with the cut-off just to see if you get a similar cut-off. You can do this exercise for any other state and I think that is something which will give you useful insights into how do we go about using this particular data. So we have looked at so far, to recapitulate, we have looked at India with district as a unit and state as a unit. We have looked at the relative performance of what has happened between urban areas and rural areas, between male population and the female population, between the tribals and the non-tribals. Then we have gone to state level. We have again seen similar clustering, but those clusters happen at the sub-district level, that is number one. We have also learnt how to export that data so that it can be taken to a spreadsheet and then various analysis can be done. We have also seen that instead of sticking to two colours, we go to a range query and we also get a colour-coded map. So let us again try here what does the computer do. Let's see what does the computer do. Rural female literacy, it has made a division by itself- 41, 66, and 66+. Let's see how does it look like. So it has given you one cluster here, which is coastal Orissa. It has given you one cluster over here, which is southern Orissa and rest of the area. So you see neat clusters, but let me just do some mischief and make it 52 and see what happens. So you practically get three different Orissas, if you look at rural female literacy. So I think so far, so good. This site is not interactive in the sense, you can't add your own data, but I think before getting into that ambition of adding one's own data it is useful that you look at the available data, do this analysis, see the seeds of inequality, see the persistence of inequality and then go further. It is possible to go down to district level where you can get even a village as a unit, that is a exercise which we'll be doing next session, but before that I want you to take to TrendsIndia. I want you to take a look at this specifically made package called Energy Analysis. So all those who are looking at energy in terms of electricity, kerosene, solar energy, etc. etc. as a source of lighting and source of cooking, I think they will find it useful It gives you India with districts. It can also give you state with district and state with sub-district. So let us take for example India with district and use of, let us say firewood, as source of cooking. Very interestingly it gives you 2001 census, it gives you 2011 census, and you can separately tweak these. So if I want to, for example, here I am not happy with this very high green part so I'll just say okay. I change it and I say okay, and here instead of 32%, I make it, let us say 35%, and this green part, this cut-off I take it to 75%. This map changes separately and here also this map can be changed separately. So I have just say change, I go to these three ranges, I make a arbitrary cut-off here of or let me make the same cut-offs 75 and let me make it here, 35. I execute. I get a separate map here. Now you can play around with it. You can play with these ranges. Now this is something which is available only for energy access. I had tried to persuade the people who have made this site to give this same thing for various other parameters, but that is still under negotiation so let us hope that becomes available. We will close this session here and next go-to district and then see what kind of additional insight or information we get. So if you want energy access related data and yes, let me also point out another interesting data in the Trends of India, this is called the 'National Family Health Survey Data'. Those who are interested in health and nutrition, they can do this. Here the data is only available up to district level unfortunately, because NFHS does not give you data below the district level. So I'll close this session. Next, we'll go to the district level data.

welcome to the 3rd session what we have so far done is we have used only 2 colors now that can become boring sometimes even though it is insightful so let us see if we have any other option of making it using more colors so let us go back to our electricity example once again we are looking at source of lighting and we have looked at electricity over here so far we have been putting some range some particular cut off here and saying execute query there is something interesting called range query here and it asks you whether you want 3 colors 4 colors 5 colors or whatever i usually stick to 3 it gives me a palette red yellow and green and this is a default setting which the software itself does let us see how does the default setting look like so we are looking at electricity being available to less than 34% or less than 35% households less than 67% households and more than 67% households so the more percentage households having electricity the better the less the worse so red yellow and green this is just like a traffic signal red yellow and green so there is no other connotation to this so we say execute range query so it shows you neat clusters one over here where less electricity is available one over here where more electricity is available and of course you have this intermediate range now instead of depending on the computer or the default setting based on our 2 color data we could also bring it to let us say 60% let us say if it is less than 60% we do not find it to be good or this our judgment and if it is 85% or more then it is better and then we ask it to execute the range query again right now you see this area this is familiar the kerosene using area you find this area where electricity supply is in fairly large amount of households you get another cluster intermediate cluster over here what you interestingly notice is that himachal or uttrakhand which are hilly areas with difficult topography are able to reach electricity to its citizen whereas these plain areas of up and bihar and even some parts of west bengal etc are not able to reach electricity to its citizen so you will have to ask yourself are we looking at a technology issue or are we looking at a governance issue but we will not belabor that point very much i just wanted to forewarn you about something so let us go to kerosene we are looking at households which are using kerosene this time we will not take total we will just take rural households because as you know rural households use more kerosene and we again go to range query we say yes 3 colors are fine now it does some setting on its own we say execute range query have you noticed something that places where more and more households use kerosene is shown as green and where less and less kerosene is used it is shown as red now that is not what we want so how do we handle that so we go here click on the palette change it to let us say sorry we change it to this green now i do not like this green so okay let me go down a little more so i say yes this is okay i okay it yellow it does not make a difference to it so i go to red and okay this is alright so i go here again look at it and say we need to change it so we can or take your pick and i say okay this looks better so i give it this color and then i ask it to execute the range query now you look at your good old kerosene area you look at your area where less kerosene is used you can change these settings as well i just try a setting of say 25% we will say no only if it is less than 25 i give it green and i say okay if it is why go to 2nd decimal point i just say 23rd of the population so i make it 66 and i ask it to execute the query again i have given this example because many assignments where people submitted they show that more use of cow dung cake as a fuel for cooking is considered to be better by they color it green so you should always be careful do not use the default setting of the machine because machine is extremely efficient but it is dumb as well thinking is something which you need to do so therefore learn how to change the color palette now we have been so far dealing with the states let us go to individual state now i am going to orissa because that is where i have worked for a long time i am familiar with the terrain the interesting part which i want you to see here is that now you get the state you get the district and you also get the sub district now one word of caution in orissa the sub district traditionally has been the thanas in some states it can be tehsil at some states it can be blocked that is something where you do not have a control because this has been traditionally the census style but then if you have a map of blocks similar map can be created i will go to that separately so we go to sub district we will quickly look at the query part of it i will quickly look at again female literacy i just want to show you how the clustering happens so if you look at literacy rate and i ask what is let us say rural female literacy you see the range so it starts from very low less than 15% so i ask which are these areas where less than 20% females are literate you get a very small dot here so you feel happy when you become little more ambitious and say 35% then you suddenly see a larger area now you see how this is forming a cluster you go to 40% the cluster becomes bigger right you go to 45% now you start seeing a belt forming here as well so you have this contiguous belt since i know the story to some extent let me go to 52% i will show you right and if i go to something like 56% this belt expands now this is one belt this is another belt what is so particular about this belt let me explore this and go to where are the tribals in orissa okay so i am looking at percentage scheduled tribe population i again go to rural and i ask computer ji where are the places where you have say 40% tribals more than 40% and you see a similar pattern if i make it 35% you do not get exactly corresponding map in fact this particular belt has escaped the low literacy trap but this belt and this belt are the ones where the tribals and the illiteracy among women happens to be coterminous i will draw your attention to one more interesting parameter it is worth looking at housing then we go to households if you recollect these were the parameters radio computer television landline bicycle 2 wheeler etc and you had households which had no assets let me ask the computer are there sub districts in odisha where more than let us say 13rd of the population does not have these assets right you get this belt here you find that the tribals in this upper region are not having that incidence of poverty because asset lessness is also indicator of poverty but this belt is fairly common so what does this belt show in common higher concentration of tribal population higher concentration of asset less households and higher concentration of female literacy so this is one thing which you need to see i will also take you to the interesting part in orissa we go back to literacy we go back to demographic parameters we go back to literacy rate and we had seen rural female literacy rate when i had made it less than 52% you got a particular cluster right i execute the query and it shows me the cluster now if i look at the male literacy what is happening to rural men now let us look at rural men what is happening to rural men let me again put that 52% you will hardly find any area but if i raise it let us say to 66% my original cluster starts coming back if i go little more if i go to 72% i start getting this cluster back i start getting this cluster back then i go to 77 i am deliberately avoiding zeroes and 5s just to show you that there is nothing sacred about 0 and 5 you can go to any cut off idea is to locate the clusters and then you see this one cluster here you see one cluster here which means that the relative inequality remains the same but the bar has gone up as far as rural men are concerned we require 77% as a cut off for the same cluster to emerge which cluster can be very easily obtained when the female literacy rate is less than you have guessed it right 52% but just let us reinforce that though here you will notice that as far as this belt is concerned the maps do not exactly coincide but then you will have to monkey around with the cut off just to see if you get a similar cut off you can do this exercise for any other state and i think that is something which will give you useful insights into how do we go about using this particular data so we have looked at so far to recapitulate we have looked at india with district as a unit and state as a unit we have looked at the relative performance of what has happened between urban areas and rural areas between male population and the female population between the tribals and the non tribals then we have gone to state level we have again seen similar clustering but those clusters happen at the sub district level that is number one we have also learnt how to export that data so that it can be taken to a spreadsheet and then various analysis can be done we have also seen that instead of sticking to 2 colors we go to a range query and we also get a color coded map so let us again try here what does the computer do let us see what does the computer do rural female literacy it has made a division by itself 41 66 and 66 let us see how does it look like so it has given you one cluster here which is coastal orissa it has given you one cluster over here which is southern orissa and rest of the area so you see neat clusters but let me just do some mischief and make it 52 and see what happens so you practically get 3 different orissas if you look at rural female literacy so i think so far so good this site is not interactive in the sense you can not add your own data but i think before getting into that ambition of adding one is own data it is useful that you look at the available data do this analysis see the seeds of inequality see the persistence of inequality and then go further it is possible to go down to district level where you can get even a village as a unit that is a exercise which we will be doing next session but before that i want you to take to trendsindia i want you to take a look at this specifically made package called energy analysis so all those who are looking at energy in terms of electricity kerosene solar energy etc etc as a source of lighting and source of cooking i think they will find it useful it gives you india with districts it can also give you state with district and state with sub district so let us take for example india with district and use of let us say firewood as source of cooking very interestingly it gives you 2001 census it gives you 2011 census and you can separately tweak these so if i want to for example here i am not happy with this very high green part so i will just say okay i change it and i say okay and here instead of 32% i make it let us say 35% and this green part this cut off i take it to 75% this map changes separately and here also this map can be changed separately so i have just say change i go to these 3 ranges i make a arbitrary cut off here of or let me make the same cut offs 75 and let me make it here 35 i execute i get a separate map here now you can play around with it you can play with these ranges now this is something which is available only for energy access i had tried to persuade the people who have made this site to give this same thing for various other parameters but that is still under negotiation so let us hope that becomes available we will close this session here and next go to district and then see what kind of additional insight or information we get so if you want energy access related data and yes let me also point out another interesting data in the trends of india this is called the national family health survey data those who are interested in health and nutrition they can do this here the data is only available up to district level unfortunately because nfhs does not give you data below the district level so i will close this session next we will go to the district level data

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0nbCZMCvtU

welcome to to New Year's gr training uh as Charles said my name is Eric Palmer I'm going to be talking about uh programming environments and compilation um I'm a member of the programming environments and models group and I work as a software integration engineer here at nurk um so to kind of give you uh some context of what I'm going to talk about um is I'm kind of taking this from after you've logged into Pearl met you meet this terminal and kind of like now what do you do right um you come here to do science you need software to run on the system to make that happen so how do you get the software you need you have one of these four ways you can load it into your environment using modules um you can access it through containers you can compile it from source that maybe you download from GitHub or gitlab or some somewhere else um you can use package managers like cond or spa and um I'll include e4s with a package manager but it's kind of a fuzzy definition um so in this talk I'm going to be focusing on modules compiling from source and I'll quickly mention spa and e4s um containers and cond that will show up in other talks later later so I won't cover them here so first modules so modules are how we sort of load pre-installed software uh into our environment from you know on Pearl met so for example if you just logged into the terminal in Pearl met SSH and you typed python D- version you would get the system default which is Python 2.7.8 and you'd say well wait a minute you know python 2 I want something newer than that how do I get that well um you can do this command down here we say module load python d311 to get python version 311 and it will load it as a module into your environment right so this command here says module list this says list all the modules that are currently loaded into my environment you can see you get a several of them here by default but when I load one like this specifically python 311 it shows up here and that tells me now if I run the same command I ran at the beginning python D- version I will now get the one that's associated with the module I loaded and that's python 31.7 which you probably prefer over 2.7.8 so in a nutshell that example just kind of briefly describes like how all the modules work this is how you bring uh different versions of software uh that you want into your environment so that you can use them uh we have a lot of modules on the system um this list isn't really to look at but just to show you there's lots of them uh so how do you find them um well I'll sorry I jumped one slide we'll talk about how to find them after this but by default these are the ones you get right and so modules affect all sorts of different things in your environment um for example if we're looking at this default set the one number one here this loads the CPU architecture so that when you're compiling your code using our compile wrappers which I'll introduce later it will be optimized for our CPUs and for our system um you get our default programming environment so right now um that's set to the G new compiler by these modules that indicate that you also see we have uh the several marbles for the gp2 architecture and right now because the GPU module is loaded it's set to compile code for Cuda aware MPI so um modules affect different things in our system these several of them are loaded by default and that's why we should learn about them okay so if you looking through modules and you want to know how to find them um there's several commands that you'll want to know um we've seen module list that shows the ones that are currently loaded in your environment if you want to load or unload modules you can use module load or unload module swap um you know it's it's kind of um I think it used to be more important with the older module system maybe not So Much Anymore uh because you can now just directly load the one you want used to be had to unload one sometimes to get the one you want module show will give you the details of what the module is doing to your environment so I'll break that down in a slide later and if you want to find a particular module um and you're not sure what it's called or where to look uh I recommend module spider and previously might have used something like module Avail well because elod is sort of has a hierarchical uh representation or let me see um what's the best word a hierarchical system of how it presents the modules to you and in the environment It won't always show you every available module with module available so and I'll give you example of that so we recommend using module spider and this scary spider picture here is to help you remember use module spider to find your modules uh there's some cool tricks here that you can do with the module command uh to help you do modules I'll leave them here for people to try out later um so what I have here is this just a short kind of uh video that shows an example of why I want to use module spider versus module Avil and in this example what I'm trying to do is I'm trying to load this cray net CDF module and it's just um it's just um the net CDF library that I want to use uh for my software so let's take a look and watch and I'll try not to talk too much so those are the modules I'm starting with and it's just pointing out I don't have it and so if I try to load it directly I get this error and it says it doesn't exist and you might be confused and think okay well uh maybe it's not on the system right but that's actually not the case and so as we learn if I'm looking through module Avil and I look for mod net CDF I actually find these other ones but I don't find the one I want so now if I try my spider and I see CDF I see ah pops up but if I look through this I find out that I actually need to write out this full net CDF with the version and then it will give me even more complete information about the module and it turns out if I want to load CET CDF I have to load create HDFC hdf5 first and so that's the hierarchy I was talking about earlier so now if I load cray hdf I can load cray net CDF and voila so success so that's why we recommend module spider because it will find it modules no matter where they are in the hierarchy uh that might not be presented to you otherwise so the other command that was on that list with module show and what module show does is it shows exactly how a module is modifying your user environment to make that software available to you so I kind of group these uh commands inside the module into three sort of general areas one is just sort of general area which tells you um these are sort of commands that tell you about what modules can be loaded at which time some help um and what this module is this is just a short description and the yellow ones are ones that change your path so path is like where does your user environment look for executables to run so you can see here it's in the path with the location of hdf5 the bin folder so that if you type something in your command line it'll go to that bin and look for that command and run it for you now um similarly with a lot of these other paths these paths are used for uh codes when they compile and look for other when other codes compile and look for that Library the look might look in those environment variables and those paths uh for your library so this is modifying all of those the green is environmental variables are set so for example hdf5 root right is set when you run this environment to this value when you when you load this module it's set to this value so that if you're again loading a library that's looking for this environment variable hdf5 roote to find out where hdf5 is it can do that so that's kind of what's going on with the modules and how they're changing your environment so that you make more to make more software available to you okay so the next thing I'm going to talk about is compiling so um the you know I I start with kind of some pretty basic examples but probably most of you will not run you know did not come to PR to run hello world right and you know all I can say is that compiling code is is fairly complex and complicated and and kind of everything is a little bit different or different enough to make it difficult and and that's kind of you know the the world we live in I guess so um I'm G to kind of go through some basic knowledge and give you kind of hopefully a baseline I'm gonna also give you some sporadic random knowledge about compiling and and somewhere in the mix of all of it hopefully you find some things that are useful when you come across your issue okay so that said you have trouble file a ticket okay so here we go um if you doing hello world on your own machine you might have done something like this GCC and I compile my code hello world comes out right that's the basic thing well the next step towards supercomputing is MPI right so instead of using you know if you're GNA now do multiple processes let suppose you had a multiple process hello world you would do npic CC hello world C and then all of a sudden you know now your code is going super fast because it's using multiple processes and doing much more well in that vein right on Pearl mut what we're going to do is we're going to use a combination of the programming environment module so right this program environment Cano and this thing here what we call CC this is a compiler wrapper so the combination somebody's excited about compiler rappers okay um so we're gonna use the combination of these two to get into exactly the the the position we want where they coat right and this is what's going to make it worked the best on Pearl that's why you have the fanciest car next to it so um what are compiler wrappers well um for compiler wrappers are essentially these instead of GCC right we have the module programming environment and this command CC right depending on which programming environment I'm in it might go to a different compiler so for example I can tell you this one is programming environment G because it's using the g++ compiler when I do the C Capital CC Command right this is for the C++ compiler if if you want to see what this compiler wrapper is doing under the hood that's what this command here does now when you when you compile this you don't need to put this command in this is just for illustration purposes here but you can see that if I include this it'll tell me all the things that are actually being substituted into this compiler wrapper so for example instead of CC you would put all of this you this and this and this and this and actually a bunch of other stuff which I'll show you on the next slide into this all into this one single command line this is all optimizations um you know this includes um the MPI library right I didn't specify NPI here but this included it anyways this also includes any math libraries I need again here it was included even though I didn't specified here all these things are done automatically all these things have been configured by HP engineers great engineers and nurse staff to give you um to make sure your code is running in a performant way on our system so using the compiler wrappers allows us to take advantage of all that in a very simple way now I showed you two or three there's actually a bunch more it includes extra stuff it'll Link in as needed etc etc etc the whole point is there's a lot that goes into this under the hood when you're using that CC Capital CC lowercase CC and ftn to compile your code so again I said that these work in combination within the programming environment so for example if I wanted to compile with a different compiler other than the GCC compiler what I would do is I would load the programming environment Nvidia so in this example the programming by Nvidia includes the MVC compiler so if you notice this line here hasn't changed from the last example but instead of using g++ now now it's using MVC Plus plus just because I used switched from programming environment gnu to programming Nvidia and similarly with intel if I wanted to use the Intel compiler I wouldn't change the line I used to compile my code I'd only load a different programming environment module and that would change to this to the correct Intel compiler this ipx notice the optimization Flags also change uh with all of this too including much more many more lines which I didn't fit into the slide so this is sort of a chart to put all these things in one place right so if you're using this module these are the new compilers if you use Capital CC you get g++ lowercase CC you get GCC if you use ftn you get g4tr and this is the MPI Library you get these are all the same to point out that you always use the same compiler wrapper right same compile rapper for C same compile rapper for C but what changes is the module the programming environment module each one okay um you'll notice a lot of my slides have these links to more information in the docs so I'll I'll just leave it there for your reference um if you're wondering which programming environment to start with uh and and work from the kind of top to bottom here so if you're never compiled your code before and you weren't sure what was going to make it work I would first suggest try this one if that one is is not what you want maybe try this one and then work down from there um and and until you're successful and satisfied so the rappers like I said they have a lot of things built into them they will automatically link things like MPA MPI laac Bloss scalap Pac and more all automatically uh there's other modules so if you have modules loaded like Kay hdf5 or gray ffdw uh those will all get linked automatically um another thing to point out is you know people often um you know most of you are doing scientific codes you need math libraries those are all contained in this cray libai Library so if you want to find out more information on that I suggest looking into the the man file with this command man in to libai um that one that gets linked automatically I found works for most codes um so this is where we kind of go off of you know basic compile into to sort of more of the woods uh when we start to talk about build systems because most of people usually when they come they have a code you know they're not necessarily like I said trying to confile hello world they're trying to run a code that they got from somewhere else sometimes the codee's 20 years old sometimes it's from somewhere else or whatever right all sorts of different things there a wide variety um the probably two most common build systems that I see are Auto or Auto config auto tools those are all kind of the same group of things that's the same like we have a make file you type the config uh make make install that's that's all kind of autocom the other one is cmake um the important thing for these build systems is they often have certain variables that they use to look for the C compiler the C++ compiler and the four Trend compiler whenever somebody asked me to help them compile their code the first thing I try to do is try to make sure that those variables those environment variables are pointed to the correct wrappers the cray wrappers so they can pick up all those extra Flags which makes the code work on our system right so if you were trying to get this to comp compile with auto config um autoc conf you my suggestion would be you want to make these variables pick up the compiler rappers you can do that with this type of step right if you're doing it at the configure step you're using this this method right right you can do it with this command if you're doing cmake this is kind of the cmake standard way to do it you can run this um to specify which uh to specify the the the compiler wrappers in your build so the goal is to get these build systems to use the cray compiler wrappers so that the code will compile correctly so this is just a few examples of like I said the random prodct information that hopefully may come in handy for you someday so for example if we're trying to compile this code called slate um with the slate slate Library you can see here looking at its directions it says okay well if you are going to compile this what you first need to do is make this file and you need to say cxx is equal to NPI cxx well that will not work on pear M and that will keep your code from compiling what you'll need to do is say make this file instead of saying it npic cxx you're going to want to say cxx equals CC FC equals ftn and you know when we get into the blast stuff it gets a little bit tricky but um you know you need to make sure that part of the code is enabled but as long as you get the compiler wrapper set it will find the math libraries it needs um as long as the code is asking for them to be compiled and then you know you do the same make make install after that um if you're using cake right one thing another random piece of information just so you know it's there if you ever get stuck trying to figure out something with cake is this guey right and it's not the same type of guey we were talking about with no machine this is like a terminal gooey right um so you don't need to do any exporting to make this work but if you're if you find yourself in the SE make process I'm G to tell you about this now so that when you're trying to figure this out you get oh yeah I remember and then maybe it comes across but but I I can't explain the whole process now but if you're doing ccmake or cmake do dot to to configure your code before you do the make and make install steps um try CC make dot dot and that'll bring you to this gooey and what this does is if you press T like what I've done here this what I'm showing you here is the advaned mode T it shows you and even without the advanced mode it shows you what the options are picking up so if you look here cmake the CX compiler has picked up this path for the compiler so I can confirm this goey gives me a way to confirm that the build system has picked up the correct compiler and I don't have to worry about making sure it's not doing something weird like npic Cc or something like that having to fix that so so this gives me a way to confirm that andure my build's going to work correctly um just a few comments about linking uh so a lot of the modules like we talked about in the module show they'll Preen the library path so you don't necessarily have to point out where they're located in the system if you need to link them um cray rappers build dynamically linked executables by default I you know the way I remember this is these are the ones that you know you're trying to run your code and says oh can't find the shared library right this just means that you know at runtime it looks for where that library is and and pulls it in um if you try to do static compulation where you compile everything into one big static blob uh with the something like the static flag or CR link type equal static this can fail and it's not supported on pearlet so we don't recommend that so uh just a sort of a mid summary best practices for compiling quum cing use the system compiler wrappers CC CC and ftn um when you're doing build systems such as autocom um use you know try to verify the compiler wrappers are being used so now I'm going to go over some some examples un um you know due to sort of what the constraints of what we have here I can only show you like Hello World type stuff but but I think it's a good Baseline to start with so here is my Hello World code with MPI and open MP so I have um multiple processor parallelism I have thread parallelism all in my my one example here to enable thread parallelism right open MP I'm going to use this flag right and again like depending on which compiler you're using it might be a slightly different flag um to point out again where I go when I want to find out about compilers is I look at theand Pages you know um there's a wealth of information in there it can be overwhelming but but just try to search for the flag you think you're looking for and you can actually learn a lot uh by reading through there so in this case I'm going to need to use this F openmp to enable openmp uh for this hello world code so this is what this you know this is my compile Line This is what I'm going to show you here so what I've loaded is the new programming environment and we're going to comp compile that hello world example I had up above with my Hello World these are my modules it might be slightly different than what you see today but essentially the default module set will find would be fine here I include my f open andp flag um I need that with the GCC comp compiler I get my executable if I'm doing a threaded application I have to tell it how many threads to to use have a few other uh environment variables I should set these are all listed in the docs for how to run an open MP code run it hey I get my four processes with two thread each and success right so just to show you I use the compile a wrapper I still you have to specify the flag to get open MP and that compiled the code now if you want to compile fancier stuff with things like Kuda aware NPI the module that does that is this GPU module right so if I look at module show GPU this is how we learn to see what it's doing under the covers what it essentially does is takes that M pitch GPU support enabled environmental V environment variable and sets it to one it also loads the optimization for the Nvidia ad0 GPU um so that is enough to tell it when we're using the cig compiling rappers to use Cuda aware MPI so I have an example here where I'm going to compile something with Cuda aware MPI and you know that I'm essentially gonna show you is like I can do this without even typing right it's that easy right um yeah my own jokes so um again I've got my default set of modules except that I've loaded the programming environment Nvidia and I have made sure to have the GPU module loaded this is just what I'm reiterating here or the typing version of myself same thing I'm using the compiler wrappers this is the executable on meat I'm I'm linking this Hardware location library because that's required by the source code put those in I tell it you know how many processes how many processors per how many CPUs per process um and how many gpus I want and this is the output I get which shows that the code is working okay so that's you know so so what you should be seeing is that okay it's not that difficult to uh include kudow Weare MPI in the compile process as long as we're using compiler wrappers um so more resources on compiling um I've got four here uh probably the best one is the most recent one uh written by uh Rebecca she wrote a thing on how to compile just a sort of Step B how to compile things on Norse resources Nur resources if you want more advanced information you should probably get into these other three where we talk about all the other different uh compilers um some of the advice I covered earlier goes into greater detail um and so on so those are good resources in the docs for compiling uh I want to point out that at you know at nurk we support a wide range of programming models you know I've these are all the logos I can find so we've got the M pitch MPI we do have open MPI but you know we're we're I've been told to talk about best practices and I would say that the the system MPI is M pitch so you should always try to get this one working first um unless you have a specific reason to go to open MPI and uh you know then then then you can try the open NPI available we have Cocos we've got Nvidia CA we have open MP we have this standard parallelism both in in C+ plus and Fortran we support CLE open ACC also hip so so however you want you know whatever programming model you have we probably uh have support for it um and again more docs for more information on that uh so now that you've compiled your code and you've got your executable the next question is where do you put it so um you know by default most of these uh installers you know will be a script that'll try to install it into some sort of Dash you know SL user location either SL user share user. local something like this but if you're doing that on Pearl mot you as a user cannot write to that location um we need that you know it's specially reserved for our system ad bins to do all their fancy stuff um so where can you install it then well you're going to have to tell your install location to pick one of these other places and uh you know I'm not exactly sure how much this was cover will be covered in other areas but I'll just briefly review here so you've got your home directory and as far as performance you know if you really want to get performance out of your code this is not really optimal it's not home directory is not optimized for running um highly paralyzed code at you know high in a high performance way so mostly what you want to keep in your home directory is just the source code that you're wanted to compile maybe some scripts for running them and you know the home directory is relatively small so you can't put a lot of stuff in it um so it's not really where you want to install your code um for the scratch file system right this is you how you can locate it you get CD money sign scratch and it'll take you there this is the most uh the Optimal Performance on the system but it has some drawbacks if you're thinking about installing software so it's really you know it's not really easy to share so for example if you were compiling a software that you wanted to share with everybody in your project if you did it on scratch drive you wouldn't be able to do that right and it's really designed for sort of temporary input output data input put output from your runs um it is very performant but you know it's not designed for um executable software um the other location that is designed for where your software is This Global common SLS software and then you have your project directory now this is performant maybe maybe not as much as scratch um however uh still quite performing and it's optimized for soft Ware installs the only thing to point out here is it's read only on compute noes that's part of the optimization right um so you just have to be aware of that when you're when you're using certain types of software um so if you ask me like where should I install my software I would say like personally if I'm just testing and I'm just trying to get something to work I if you're just testing it doesn't matter if you're kind of home or scratch but as soon as you want to use it on a regular basis then you should move it to Common because you know that's that's going to be the best uh position for sharing with other people for running it yourself for for not using up your allocation the wrong way it won't get purged by accident if you don't use it for a while and you forget how to compile it that kind of stuff um you know you can you know you also have this community file system but that's really mostly for sharing data my projects so um think about trying to install your software in global comment. software Dash your project um so a few other things that I mentioned at the beginning for software is a few other places to get software and spack is another one so spack the tagline is it's a it's a package manager for supercomputers it also works really well on your local machine though if you're trying to do this on on at home on your computer or even on your Mac uh they've been doing a lot of work to make this work um but the way you get back up and running is you just clone the repo with this command you Source this script that's what this command does the dot tells you it's the same as the synonym for a source spack and that activates the spack environment and then you just type spack install the package you want um you you know there's a bunch more Spa commands that are at this website that'll tell you more about how to use spack but the the point of this slide is to tell you that you can use spack on proar motor as a way to bring in the software you want um why did I put the backwards penguin here uh so when you try to install back on promot the funny thing is it usually tries to download and build a lot of redundant dependencies um it is possible to tell Spa not to do this and to use other files but you know it's it's a little bit Troublesome in the fact that you know maybe the code won't work exactly as designed if you're not using the one that back thinks you should so so with you know I guess with moral the stories nothing in the life is easy but but sometimes fact works and sometimes it is easy and sometimes it doesn't and sometimes it's not easy but if you want to just give it a try it's worth trying another set of another way to get a lot of software is the e4s the extreme cell scientific software stack and what this is is this is like a curated set of software packages um that get additional testing on our systems um now it there's a lot of confusion between efor and Spa um spack is kind of the bigger wider thing which has many more software uh much more software available to you that you can install you know kind of uh from from anywhere right um as long as it's included bank e4s is a subset of that these are scientific software packages largely written by doe folks that have already been installed and compiled on promot a lot of them get regular testing um by by some of our nurse staff to make sure they're functioning and what you can do with they're available through this modules so the way you access to them is you say module load e4s just like I did here and the way it's set up now is we have four different environments you can choose from just if you're familiar with cond and cond environment is kind of the same thing um in this example I picked the environment to show you which ones the GPU enabled ones are and then once you've activated that environment you can find lots of different codes that are already installed uh using this spack fine command and so you'll you know I only showed you the first three lines of this list but there's there's like over a 100 just in the Cuda environment and if you look at the four environments that are available you get a total of 478 um so you do get a wide range of possible packages to install uh possible packages that you can access so um my my my personal hot take on this is is similar to the spack thing where I would give it a try and if it works it works if it fails then then then just try something else because trying to troubleshoot why something like this doesn't work can be more complex um but again when they work they're really nice and convenient and it's worth trying just for that fact so this brings me to my last slide um these are my suggestions for breast practices for programming environments and compilation um the first one is for modules use module spider because that will negate that module hierarchy and make sure you are searching through all available modules um the big lesson of this whole talk is to use the compiler wrappers because they do all the magic behind the scenes to make your code work so Capital CC lowercase CC and ftn in combination with those programming environment modules um if you're doing build systems like I said autocom and cmake um you know verify they using those compiler wrappers a nice trick with c cake is that command ccmake to give you that guey so you can confirm that things are U as you think they are um another I think good hint is man files so I mean I'm sure man is short for manual um but if you wanted to know about NPI in the system and you admire people who have been on the system for like 20 30 years and how do they know all this deep knowledge it's it's basically because they just read this part here nothing fancy but that's that's where all that information is um another tip or trick is if you want to see some example builds there's several scripts available at this location in this repo nurse Community software so if you want to see how I build software I have some scripts there that I've written so you can look there and see how I set the flags and and do the things and always if you have more questions or need any help um you know you can find us at help that nurse thatg or or if you ever see me on at the Berkeley lab or on the street you I'm happy to answer your super Computing questions so with that I guess uh I'll leave it there

welcome to to new year is gr training as charles said my name is eric palmer i am going to be talking about programming environments and compilation i am a member of the programming environments and models group and i work as a software integration engineer here at nurk so to kind of give you some context of what i am going to talk about is i am kind of taking this from after you have logged into pearl met you meet this terminal and kind of like now what do you do right you come here to do science you need software to run on the system to make that happen so how do you get the software you need you have one of these 4 ways you can load it into your environment using modules you can access it through containers you can compile it from source that maybe you download from github or gitlab or some somewhere else you can use package managers like cond or spa and i will include e 4s with a package manager but it is kind of a fuzzy definition so in this talk i am going to be focusing on modules compiling from source and i will quickly mention spa and e 4s containers and cond that will show up in other talks later later so i will not cover them here so 1st modules so modules are how we sort of load pre installed software into our environment from you know on pearl met so for example if you just logged into the terminal in pearl met ssh and you typed python d version you would get the system default which is python 2.7.8 and you would say well wait a minute you know python 2 i want something newer than that how do i get that well you can do this command down here we say module load python d 311 to get python version 311 and it will load it as a module into your environment right so this command here says module list this says list all the modules that are currently loaded into my environment you can see you get a several of them here by default but when i load one like this specifically python 311 it shows up here and that tells me now if i run the same command i ran at the beginning python d version i will now get the one that is associated with the module i loaded and that is python 31.7 which you probably prefer over 2.7.8 so in a nutshell that example just kind of briefly describes like how all the modules work this is how you bring different versions of software that you want into your environment so that you can use them we have a lot of modules on the system this list is not really to look at but just to show you there is lots of them so how do you find them well i will sorry i jumped one slide we will talk about how to find them after this but by default these are the ones you get right and so modules affect all sorts of different things in your environment for example if we are looking at this default set the one number one here this loads the cpu architecture so that when you are compiling your code using our compile wrappers which i will introduce later it will be optimized for our cpus and for our system you get our default programming environment so right now that is set to the g new compiler by these modules that indicate that you also see we have the several marbles for the gp 2 architecture and right now because the gpu module is loaded it is set to compile code for cuda aware mpi so modules affect different things in our system these several of them are loaded by default and that is why we should learn about them okay so if you looking through modules and you want to know how to find them there is several commands that you will want to know we have seen module list that shows the ones that are currently loaded in your environment if you want to load or unload modules you can use module load or unload module swap you know it is it is kind of i think it used to be more important with the older module system maybe not so much anymore because you can now just directly load the one you want used to be had to unload one sometimes to get the one you want module show will give you the details of what the module is doing to your environment so i will break that down in a slide later and if you want to find a particular module and you are not sure what it is called or where to look i recommend module spider and previously might have used something like module avail well because elod is sort of has a hierarchical representation or let me see what is the best word a hierarchical system of how it presents the modules to you and in the environment it will not always show you every available module with module available so and i will give you example of that so we recommend using module spider and this scary spider picture here is to help you remember use module spider to find your modules there is some cool tricks here that you can do with the module command to help you do modules i will leave them here for people to try out later so what i have here is this just a short kind of video that shows an example of why i want to use module spider versus module avil and in this example what i am trying to do is i am trying to load this cray net cdf module and it is just it is just the net cdf library that i want to use for my software so let us take a look and watch and i will try not to talk too much so those are the modules i am starting with and it is just pointing out i do not have it and so if i try to load it directly i get this error and it says it does not exist and you might be confused and think okay well maybe it is not on the system right but that is actually not the case and so as we learn if i am looking through module avil and i look for mod net cdf i actually find these other ones but i do not find the one i want so now if i try my spider and i see cdf i see ah pops up but if i look through this i find out that i actually need to write out this full net cdf with the version and then it will give me even more complete information about the module and it turns out if i want to load cet cdf i have to load create hdfc hdf 51st and so that is the hierarchy i was talking about earlier so now if i load cray hdf i can load cray net cdf and voila so success so that is why we recommend module spider because it will find it modules no matter where they are in the hierarchy that might not be presented to you otherwise so the other command that was on that list with module show and what module show does is it shows exactly how a module is modifying your user environment to make that software available to you so i kind of group these commands inside the module into 3 sort of general areas one is just sort of general area which tells you these are sort of commands that tell you about what modules can be loaded at which time some help and what this module is this is just a short description and the yellow ones are ones that change your path so path is like where does your user environment look for executables to run so you can see here it is in the path with the location of hdf 5 the bin folder so that if you type something in your command line it will go to that bin and look for that command and run it for you now similarly with a lot of these other paths these paths are used for codes when they compile and look for other when other codes compile and look for that library the look might look in those environment variables and those paths for your library so this is modifying all of those the green is environmental variables are set so for example hdf 5 root right is set when you run this environment to this value when you when you load this module it is set to this value so that if you are again loading a library that is looking for this environment variable hdf 5 roote to find out where hdf 5 is it can do that so that is kind of what is going on with the modules and how they are changing your environment so that you make more to make more software available to you okay so the next thing i am going to talk about is compiling so the you know i i start with kind of some pretty basic examples but probably most of you will not run you know did not come to pr to run hello world right and you know all i can say is that compiling code is is fairly complex and complicated and and kind of everything is a little bit different or different enough to make it difficult and and that is kind of you know the the world we live in i guess so i am g to kind of go through some basic knowledge and give you kind of hopefully a baseline i am going to also give you some sporadic random knowledge about compiling and and somewhere in the mix of all of it hopefully you find some things that are useful when you come across your issue okay so that said you have trouble file a ticket okay so here we go if you doing hello world on your own machine you might have done something like this gcc and i compile my code hello world comes out right that is the basic thing well the next step towards supercomputing is mpi right so instead of using you know if you are gna now do multiple processes let suppose you had a multiple process hello world you would do npic cc hello world c and then all of a sudden you know now your code is going super fast because it is using multiple processes and doing much more well in that vein right on pearl mut what we are going to do is we are going to use a combination of the programming environment module so right this program environment cano and this thing here what we call cc this is a compiler wrapper so the combination somebody is excited about compiler rappers okay so we are going to use the combination of these 2 to get into exactly the the the position we want where they coat right and this is what is going to make it worked the best on pearl that is why you have the fanciest car next to it so what are compiler wrappers well for compiler wrappers are essentially these instead of gcc right we have the module programming environment and this command cc right depending on which programming environment i am in it might go to a different compiler so for example i can tell you this one is programming environment g because it is using the g compiler when i do the c capital cc command right this is for the c compiler if if you want to see what this compiler wrapper is doing under the hood that is what this command here does now when you when you compile this you do not need to put this command in this is just for illustration purposes here but you can see that if i include this it will tell me all the things that are actually being substituted into this compiler wrapper so for example instead of cc you would put all of this you this and this and this and this and actually a bunch of other stuff which i will show you on the next slide into this all into this one single command line this is all optimizations you know this includes the mpi library right i did not specify npi here but this included it anyways this also includes any math libraries i need again here it was included even though i did not specified here all these things are done automatically all these things have been configured by hp engineers great engineers and nurse staff to give you to make sure your code is running in a performant way on our system so using the compiler wrappers allows us to take advantage of all that in a very simple way now i showed you 2 or 3 there is actually a bunch more it includes extra stuff it will link in as needed etc etc etc the whole point is there is a lot that goes into this under the hood when you are using that cc capital cc lowercase cc and ftn to compile your code so again i said that these work in combination within the programming environment so for example if i wanted to compile with a different compiler other than the gcc compiler what i would do is i would load the programming environment nvidia so in this example the programming by nvidia includes the mvc compiler so if you notice this line here has not changed from the last example but instead of using g now now it is using mvc plus just because i used switched from programming environment gnu to programming nvidia and similarly with intel if i wanted to use the intel compiler i would not change the line i used to compile my code i would only load a different programming environment module and that would change to this to the correct intel compiler this ipx notice the optimization flags also change with all of this too including much more many more lines which i did not fit into the slide so this is sort of a chart to put all these things in one place right so if you are using this module these are the new compilers if you use capital cc you get g lowercase cc you get gcc if you use ftn you get g 4 tr and this is the mpi library you get these are all the same to point out that you always use the same compiler wrapper right same compile rapper for c same compile rapper for c but what changes is the module the programming environment module each one okay you will notice a lot of my slides have these links to more information in the docs so i will i will just leave it there for your reference if you are wondering which programming environment to start with and and work from the kind of top to bottom here so if you are never compiled your code before and you were not sure what was going to make it work i would 1st suggest try this one if that one is is not what you want maybe try this one and then work down from there and and until you are successful and satisfied so the rappers like i said they have a lot of things built into them they will automatically link things like mpa mpi laac bloss scalap pac and more all automatically there is other modules so if you have modules loaded like kay hdf 5 or gray ffdw those will all get linked automatically another thing to point out is you know people often you know most of you are doing scientific codes you need math libraries those are all contained in this cray libai library so if you want to find out more information on that i suggest looking into the the man file with this command man in to libai that one that gets linked automatically i found works for most codes so this is where we kind of go off of you know basic compile into to sort of more of the woods when we start to talk about build systems because most of people usually when they come they have a code you know they are not necessarily like i said trying to confile hello world they are trying to run a code that they got from somewhere else sometimes the codee is 20 years old sometimes it is from somewhere else or whatever right all sorts of different things there a wide variety the probably 2 most common build systems that i see are auto or auto config auto tools those are all kind of the same group of things that is the same like we have a make file you type the config make make install that is that is all kind of autocom the other one is cmake the important thing for these build systems is they often have certain variables that they use to look for the c compiler the c compiler and the 4 trend compiler whenever somebody asked me to help them compile their code the 1st thing i try to do is try to make sure that those variables those environment variables are pointed to the correct wrappers the cray wrappers so they can pick up all those extra flags which makes the code work on our system right so if you were trying to get this to comp compile with auto config autoc conf you my suggestion would be you want to make these variables pick up the compiler rappers you can do that with this type of step right if you are doing it at the configure step you are using this this method right right you can do it with this command if you are doing cmake this is kind of the cmake standard way to do it you can run this to specify which to specify the the the compiler wrappers in your build so the goal is to get these build systems to use the cray compiler wrappers so that the code will compile correctly so this is just a few examples of like i said the random prodct information that hopefully may come in handy for you someday so for example if we are trying to compile this code called slate with the slate slate library you can see here looking at its directions it says okay well if you are going to compile this what you 1st need to do is make this file and you need to say cxx is equal to npi cxx well that will not work on pear m and that will keep your code from compiling what you will need to do is say make this file instead of saying it npic cxx you are going to want to say cxx equals cc fc equals ftn and you know when we get into the blast stuff it gets a little bit tricky but you know you need to make sure that part of the code is enabled but as long as you get the compiler wrapper set it will find the math libraries it needs as long as the code is asking for them to be compiled and then you know you do the same make make install after that if you are using cake right one thing another random piece of information just so you know it is there if you ever get stuck trying to figure out something with cake is this guey right and it is not the same type of guey we were talking about with no machine this is like a terminal gooey right so you do not need to do any exporting to make this work but if you are if you find yourself in the se make process i am g to tell you about this now so that when you are trying to figure this out you get 0 yeah i remember and then maybe it comes across but but i i can not explain the whole process now but if you are doing ccmake or cmake do dot to to configure your code before you do the make and make install steps try cc make dot dot and that will bring you to this gooey and what this does is if you press t like what i have done here this what i am showing you here is the advaned mode t it shows you and even without the advanced mode it shows you what the options are picking up so if you look here cmake the cx compiler has picked up this path for the compiler so i can confirm this goey gives me a way to confirm that the build system has picked up the correct compiler and i do not have to worry about making sure it is not doing something weird like npic cc or something like that having to fix that so so this gives me a way to confirm that andure my build is going to work correctly just a few comments about linking so a lot of the modules like we talked about in the module show they will preen the library path so you do not necessarily have to point out where they are located in the system if you need to link them cray rappers build dynamically linked executables by default i you know the way i remember this is these are the ones that you know you are trying to run your code and says 0 can not find the shared library right this just means that you know at runtime it looks for where that library is and and pulls it in if you try to do static compulation where you compile everything into one big static blob with the something like the static flag or cr link type equal static this can fail and it is not supported on pearlet so we do not recommend that so just a sort of a mid summary best practices for compiling quum cing use the system compiler wrappers cc cc and ftn when you are doing build systems such as autocom use you know try to verify the compiler wrappers are being used so now i am going to go over some some examples un you know due to sort of what the constraints of what we have here i can only show you like hello world type stuff but but i think it is a good baseline to start with so here is my hello world code with mpi and open mp so i have multiple processor parallelism i have thread parallelism all in my my one example here to enable thread parallelism right open mp i am going to use this flag right and again like depending on which compiler you are using it might be a slightly different flag to point out again where i go when i want to find out about compilers is i look at theand pages you know there is a wealth of information in there it can be overwhelming but but just try to search for the flag you think you are looking for and you can actually learn a lot by reading through there so in this case i am going to need to use this f openmp to enable openmp for this hello world code so this is what this you know this is my compile line this is what i am going to show you here so what i have loaded is the new programming environment and we are going to comp compile that hello world example i had up above with my hello world these are my modules it might be slightly different than what you see today but essentially the default module set will find would be fine here i include my f open andp flag i need that with the gcc comp compiler i get my executable if i am doing a threaded application i have to tell it how many threads to to use have a few other environment variables i should set these are all listed in the docs for how to run an open mp code run it hey i get my 4 processes with 2 thread each and success right so just to show you i use the compile a wrapper i still you have to specify the flag to get open mp and that compiled the code now if you want to compile fancier stuff with things like kuda aware npi the module that does that is this gpu module right so if i look at module show gpu this is how we learn to see what it is doing under the covers what it essentially does is takes that m pitch gpu support enabled environmental v environment variable and sets it to one it also loads the optimization for the nvidia ad 0 gpu so that is enough to tell it when we are using the cig compiling rappers to use cuda aware mpi so i have an example here where i am going to compile something with cuda aware mpi and you know that i am essentially going to show you is like i can do this without even typing right it is that easy right yeah my own jokes so again i have got my default set of modules except that i have loaded the programming environment nvidia and i have made sure to have the gpu module loaded this is just what i am reiterating here or the typing version of myself same thing i am using the compiler wrappers this is the executable on meat i am i am linking this hardware location library because that is required by the source code put those in i tell it you know how many processes how many processors per how many cpus per process and how many gpus i want and this is the output i get which shows that the code is working okay so that is you know so so what you should be seeing is that okay it is not that difficult to include kudow weare mpi in the compile process as long as we are using compiler wrappers so more resources on compiling i have got 4 here probably the best one is the most recent one written by rebecca she wrote a thing on how to compile just a sort of step b how to compile things on norse resources nur resources if you want more advanced information you should probably get into these other 3 where we talk about all the other different compilers some of the advice i covered earlier goes into greater detail and so on so those are good resources in the docs for compiling i want to point out that at you know at nurk we support a wide range of programming models you know i have these are all the logos i can find so we have got the m pitch mpi we do have open mpi but you know we are we are i have been told to talk about best practices and i would say that the the system mpi is m pitch so you should always try to get this one working 1st unless you have a specific reason to go to open mpi and you know then then then you can try the open npi available we have cocos we have got nvidia ca we have open mp we have this standard parallelism both in in c and fortran we support cle open acc also hip so so however you want you know whatever programming model you have we probably have support for it and again more docs for more information on that so now that you have compiled your code and you have got your executable the next question is where do you put it so you know by default most of these installers you know will be a script that will try to install it into some sort of dash you know sl user location either sl user share user local something like this but if you are doing that on pearl mot you as a user cannot write to that location we need that you know it is specially reserved for our system ad bins to do all their fancy stuff so where can you install it then well you are going to have to tell your install location to pick one of these other places and you know i am not exactly sure how much this was cover will be covered in other areas but i will just briefly review here so you have got your home directory and as far as performance you know if you really want to get performance out of your code this is not really optimal it is not home directory is not optimized for running highly paralyzed code at you know high in a high performance way so mostly what you want to keep in your home directory is just the source code that you are wanted to compile maybe some scripts for running them and you know the home directory is relatively small so you can not put a lot of stuff in it so it is not really where you want to install your code for the scratch file system right this is you how you can locate it you get cd money sign scratch and it will take you there this is the most the optimal performance on the system but it has some drawbacks if you are thinking about installing software so it is really you know it is not really easy to share so for example if you were compiling a software that you wanted to share with everybody in your project if you did it on scratch drive you would not be able to do that right and it is really designed for sort of temporary input output data input put output from your runs it is very performant but you know it is not designed for executable software the other location that is designed for where your software is this global common sls software and then you have your project directory now this is performant maybe maybe not as much as scratch however still quite performing and it is optimized for soft ware installs the only thing to point out here is it is read only on compute noes that is part of the optimization right so you just have to be aware of that when you are when you are using certain types of software so if you ask me like where should i install my software i would say like personally if i am just testing and i am just trying to get something to work i if you are just testing it does not matter if you are kind of home or scratch but as soon as you want to use it on a regular basis then you should move it to common because you know that is that is going to be the best position for sharing with other people for running it yourself for for not using up your allocation the wrong way it will not get purged by accident if you do not use it for a while and you forget how to compile it that kind of stuff you know you can you know you also have this community file system but that is really mostly for sharing data my projects so think about trying to install your software in global comment software dash your project so a few other things that i mentioned at the beginning for software is a few other places to get software and spack is another one so spack the tagline is it is a it is a package manager for supercomputers it also works really well on your local machine though if you are trying to do this on on at home on your computer or even on your mac they have been doing a lot of work to make this work but the way you get back up and running is you just clone the repo with this command you source this script that is what this command does the dot tells you it is the same as the synonym for a source spack and that activates the spack environment and then you just type spack install the package you want you you know there is a bunch more spa commands that are at this website that will tell you more about how to use spack but the the point of this slide is to tell you that you can use spack on proar motor as a way to bring in the software you want why did i put the backwards penguin here so when you try to install back on promot the funny thing is it usually tries to download and build a lot of redundant dependencies it is possible to tell spa not to do this and to use other files but you know it is it is a little bit troublesome in the fact that you know maybe the code will not work exactly as designed if you are not using the one that back thinks you should so so with you know i guess with moral the stories nothing in the life is easy but but sometimes fact works and sometimes it is easy and sometimes it does not and sometimes it is not easy but if you want to just give it a try it is worth trying another set of another way to get a lot of software is the e 4s the extreme cell scientific software stack and what this is is this is like a curated set of software packages that get additional testing on our systems now it there is a lot of confusion between efor and spa spack is kind of the bigger wider thing which has many more software much more software available to you that you can install you know kind of from from anywhere right as long as it is included bank e 4s is a subset of that these are scientific software packages largely written by doe folks that have already been installed and compiled on promot a lot of them get regular testing by by some of our nurse staff to make sure they are functioning and what you can do with they are available through this modules so the way you access to them is you say module load e 4s just like i did here and the way it is set up now is we have 4 different environments you can choose from just if you are familiar with cond and cond environment is kind of the same thing in this example i picked the environment to show you which ones the gpu enabled ones are and then once you have activated that environment you can find lots of different codes that are already installed using this spack fine command and so you will you know i only showed you the 1st 3 lines of this list but there is there is like over a 100 just in the cuda environment and if you look at the 4 environments that are available you get a total of 478 so you do get a wide range of possible packages to install possible packages that you can access so my my my personal hot take on this is is similar to the spack thing where i would give it a try and if it works it works if it fails then then then just try something else because trying to troubleshoot why something like this does not work can be more complex but again when they work they are really nice and convenient and it is worth trying just for that fact so this brings me to my last slide these are my suggestions for breast practices for programming environments and compilation the 1st one is for modules use module spider because that will negate that module hierarchy and make sure you are searching through all available modules the big lesson of this whole talk is to use the compiler wrappers because they do all the magic behind the scenes to make your code work so capital cc lowercase cc and ftn in combination with those programming environment modules if you are doing build systems like i said autocom and cmake you know verify they using those compiler wrappers a nice trick with c cake is that command ccmake to give you that guey so you can confirm that things are u as you think they are another i think good hint is man files so i mean i am sure man is short for manual but if you wanted to know about npi in the system and you admire people who have been on the system for like 20 30 years and how do they know all this deep knowledge it is it is basically because they just read this part here nothing fancy but that is that is where all that information is another tip or trick is if you want to see some example builds there is several scripts available at this location in this repo nurse community software so if you want to see how i build software i have some scripts there that i have written so you can look there and see how i set the flags and and do the things and always if you have more questions or need any help you know you can find us at help that nurse thatg or or if you ever see me on at the berkeley lab or on the street you i am happy to answer your super computing questions so with that i guess i will leave it there

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ_PCzQjGRQ

we we believe the the scripture that says the gospel is the power of God and the salvation We Believe when I tell that story again the same power that was released to Calvary comes into the room again today the same deliverance and salvation from 2000 years ago comes today we believe that I believe that's what's supposed to happen when we partake of communion because when we testify of what he did we're supposed that's what the word communion means it means means to partake I believe every time we take it we're supposed to partake of what he did maybe this is why God said you overcome by the blood of the lamb and the word of your maybe when you give your testimony when you talk maybe when you talk about what God did yesterday the same power comes in the room today maybe it's why the redeemed of the Lord are supposed to say so thing that strikes me is that that ring of truth about something is that I know what happens when I go somewhere where God has done something significant and I revisit that and say it again I know what I sense when I go to Cape Henry and read the decree Over America that lays out God's Destiny for this nation when I do it which I've done several times I feel what must have been happening on that day in 1607. a holy awesome fear of God comes on me a faith Rises up in me the presence of God comes to that Beach and I realize I am doing something that is not just a ritual God is here here you don't have to be a Cape Henry to do that by the way if you ever get the chance you should go and it doesn't have to be what he he's what hunt Robert hunt prophesied at Cape Henry it's probably a prophecy or two about Georgia there's probably a promise he's given you about your prodigal I I mean what I'm about to say I don't I can't prove it I'm not positive this is true but I'm I'm conf I'm confident it's true I don't think there's ever been a a four or five week period of time with as many people in as many places have commanded the word of the Lord that he has spoken in the past the forward over our nation of our states our cities our kids our schools our governments I don't because I know I know for absolute fact tens of thousands of people around this nation are doing this maybe hundreds of thousands of people are doing it because it's not just my minutes not just giving 15. scores of letters and emails about people that have been doing this before we ever talked about it it's like I said we're already doing this God's already been telling us they didn't use the same phrase but he said them on these assignments to go here and here and here and you know and pray around the Border here and do I just have to believe that that when we say what God says because let me take this a step farther and then I'm going to wind this down and and then I'm going to do something really amazing tomorrow morning that some of you are going to miss foreign the part that will change your life forever for morning let me just say in with this it doesn't to say What God Says and that release his power to say it together to say it with him it doesn't have to be quoting scripture oh that messing with some of you isn't it this has to be the word of the Lord now I am not equating prophecy or anything a person says with the Bible because this is the only infallible word I know of this is the only Eternal infallible grafe of God right here and everything anybody else says has to be judged by this okay so I'm I'm I'm with you one thousand percent on that but it is scriptural to say things that God says that are not written down and come into agreement with them anything you hear and you think it's from God you better judge that you better judge it with scripture often you need to have others help you judge that and and interpret it so that you know you're really understanding what God is saying but when you know it's a word from the Lord you need to begin to say that I know I can I can I've done this long enough to read you okay I know some of you are wrestling with that Paul told Timothy Timothy was going through a really hard time Timothy had a really hard job he was leading one of the most challenging a church in the most challenging one of the most challenging places at that time on the planet and one of the most influential and he was a young man and he was he was just having all kinds of adversity Paul who mentored discipled father this young guy and he said I'll leave you here at Ephesus take it and if you read the two letters to Timothy you you can see in there this is the heart of a father he's he's about to die second Timothy's the last book he wrote the epistle Paul the last epistle he wrote he's he didn't have time to to to to be nice and all touchy-feely with Timothy he's just saying look I'm not good much longer here and I need to say some things to you now get it together God hasn't given you a spirit of fear but Power of Love And A sound mind you fight the fight of a good soldier and you lay hold with faith and he's a lot of instructions to this guy he says I know this is it I'd love to teach someone that because some of the words he used have the connotation of I know what's inside of you because I put it in there now you get it out but he said to him at one point you take the prophecies that we prophesied over you and I want you to use them to fight this battle I want you to get them out and read them and start saying them and saying war with the words the prophecies that we gave you Hallelujah

we we believe the the scripture that says the gospel is the power of god and the salvation we believe when i tell that story again the same power that was released to calvary comes into the room again today the same deliverance and salvation from 2000 years ago comes today we believe that i believe that is what is supposed to happen when we partake of communion because when we testify of what he did we are supposed that is what the word communion means it means means to partake i believe every time we take it we are supposed to partake of what he did maybe this is why god said you overcome by the blood of the lamb and the word of your maybe when you give your testimony when you talk maybe when you talk about what god did yesterday the same power comes in the room today maybe it is why the redeemed of the lord are supposed to say so thing that strikes me is that that ring of truth about something is that i know what happens when i go somewhere where god has done something significant and i revisit that and say it again i know what i sense when i go to cape henry and read the decree over america that lays out god is destiny for this nation when i do it which i have done several times i feel what must have been happening on that day in 1607 a holy awesome fear of god comes on me a faith rises up in me the presence of god comes to that beach and i realize i am doing something that is not just a ritual god is here here you do not have to be a cape henry to do that by the way if you ever get the chance you should go and it does not have to be what he he is what hunt robert hunt prophesied at cape henry it is probably a prophecy or 2 about georgia there is probably a promise he is given you about your prodigal i i mean what i am about to say i do not i can not prove it i am not positive this is true but i am i am conf i am confident it is true i do not think there is ever been a a 4 or 5 week period of time with as many people in as many places have commanded the word of the lord that he has spoken in the past the forward over our nation of our states our cities our kids our schools our governments i do not because i know i know for absolute fact 10s of 1000s of people around this nation are doing this maybe 100s of 1000s of people are doing it because it is not just my minutes not just giving 15 scores of letters and emails about people that have been doing this before we ever talked about it it is like i said we are already doing this god is already been telling us they did not use the same phrase but he said them on these assignments to go here and here and here and you know and pray around the border here and do i just have to believe that that when we say what god says because let me take this a step farther and then i am going to wind this down and and then i am going to do something really amazing tomorrow morning that some of you are going to miss foreign the part that will change your life forever for morning let me just say in with this it does not to say what god says and that release his power to say it together to say it with him it does not have to be quoting scripture 0 that messing with some of you is not it this has to be the word of the lord now i am not equating prophecy or anything a person says with the bible because this is the only infallible word i know of this is the only eternal infallible grafe of god right here and everything anybody else says has to be judged by this okay so i am i am i am with you 1000% on that but it is scriptural to say things that god says that are not written down and come into agreement with them anything you hear and you think it is from god you better judge that you better judge it with scripture often you need to have others help you judge that and and interpret it so that you know you are really understanding what god is saying but when you know it is a word from the lord you need to begin to say that i know i can i can i have done this long enough to read you okay i know some of you are wrestling with that paul told timothy timothy was going through a really hard time timothy had a really hard job he was leading one of the most challenging a church in the most challenging one of the most challenging places at that time on the planet and one of the most influential and he was a young man and he was he was just having all kinds of adversity paul who mentored discipled father this young guy and he said i will leave you here at ephesus take it and if you read the 2 letters to timothy you you can see in there this is the heart of a father he is he is about to die 2nd timothy is the last book he wrote the epistle paul the last epistle he wrote he is he did not have time to to to to be nice and all touchy feely with timothy he is just saying look i am not good much longer here and i need to say some things to you now get it together god has not given you a spirit of fear but power of love and a sound mind you fight the fight of a good soldier and you lay hold with faith and he is a lot of instructions to this guy he says i know this is it i would love to teach someone that because some of the words he used have the connotation of i know what is inside of you because i put it in there now you get it out but he said to him at one point you take the prophecies that we prophesied over you and i want you to use them to fight this battle i want you to get them out and read them and start saying them and saying war with the words the prophecies that we gave you hallelujah

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kx_iYoioQqg

greetings Seekers of Truth and wisdom today we embark on a profound journey to explore the final six Commandments of the Ten Commandments and uncover their profound relevance in our modern world for centuries these ancient teachings have stood as beacons of moral guidance Illuminating the path towards a life of purpose and fulfillment yet in our era of self-proclaimed wokeness we often find ourselves questioning the very foundations upon which these Commandments were built through this sermon series we will discover that true Awakening transcends the fleeting trends of our times for it was Jesus Christ himself the embodiment of divine Love and Truth who lived and taught a form of Awakening far greater than our current [Music] understanding today's youth and pseudo science culture has developed this idea of woke okay so you're woke why is this a major issue now when we were culturally United before 2008 wokeism has now divided the Western World here's the issue Jesus was woke before this quote idea entered our lexicon seriously although as Christians have standards and rules we follow the main issue of being woke is one of the core tenants for us our rules are standard by what we try to live by these rules constrain our animalistic and debase nature but many woke idiots have said that Christianity is the cause of the issues here in the world today local state and federal laws are being ignored in a majority of quote Progressive cities and states look at what happened great examples is Los Angeles and New York City so how is being Christian more woke than the progressive left when we look at Jesus and his ministry the core is to restore or fulfill the law we see this when it comes to Matthew 5: 17- 20 don't suppose for a minute that I have come to demolish the scriptures either God's law or the prophets I'm not here to demolish but to complete I am going to put it all together put it all together in a vast Panorama God's law is more real and Lasting than the stars in the sky and the ground at your feet long after Stars burn out and Earth wears out God's law will will be alive and working trivialize even the smallest item in God's law and you will only have triv Tri trivialized yourself but take it seriously show the way for others and you will find honor in the Kingdom unless you do far better than the Pharisees in the matters of right living you won't know the first thing about entering the kingdom in many aspects the law being referred to is the original Law from God the ten commands Commandments now the first four Commandments deal with God directly in worshiping him the next six are the big issues that face our place here on Earth what is key here and how Jesus was a woke individual is in verses 19 and 20 trivialize even the smallest items in God's law and you will only have triv trivialized yourself but take it seriously show the way for others and you will find honor in the Kingdom unless you do far better than the Pharisees in the matters of right living you won't know the first thing about entering the kingdom in this one passage Jesus basically destroys the duonic and levitic laws 90% of these two books regarding the laws of the Jews were written by the Pharisees not God if you ever studied Deuteronomy and Leviticus look how anal retentive the laws and punishments are you know this TV series The West Wing actually has an entire scene where the president is quoting from these two books to a very literal Christian now this is why Jesus uses the word trivialize the mundane and small issues we see in our civil law cloes should not be emblazoned in the Bible these individual legal cloes are for our government and people God made very general but also very specific items when it came to the Ten Commandments now as I said God's ten commandments are very general in meaning when it came to his father followers while the first four Commandments relate to God and worship the next six are key to this message they are honor your father and your mother that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you you shall not murder you shall not commit adultery you shall not steal you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor you shall not covet your neighbor's house you shall not covet your neighbor's wife or his male servant or his female servant or his ox or his donkey or anything that is your neighbors again if we compare these six Commandments with today's legal codex notice the lack of punishment Jesus m is making it quite clear that God will punish those who disobey The Ten Commandments but is not disclosing those punishments because they are not tied to the Corporal World God has not time to list each punishment based on the number of violations God is only interested in making sure we are limited in our actions here on Earth to be better citizens to each other if any of youve noticed your memes there's one that is two panels with Jim from the office in front of a whiteboard the Whiteboard States your religion does not prohibit me from anything it prohibits you learn the difference you're right religion does not prohibit anyone but we are given freedom of choice in our lives what religion does is not pray not only pray and be obedient to a higher power but we also acknowledge that high that higher power wishes us to be morally right when we deal with our world The Ten Commandments were presented in stone for a reason Stone was used as a foundation in homes in ancient times this is why the Ten Commandments are so also carved in stone they represent the foundation of being better individuals and a moral Superior Society now you wondering why I state that Jesus is more woke than today's hairy liberals in the media in this series we will break down how Jesus in fulfilling the laws of Moses was the most woke individual of his time and why it is time to turn the tide back to worshiping God and Jesus to ensure the survival of our cultures and lives Jesus would heal people would heal people in front of the rabbis the Pharisees and scribes who were deemed impure and Evil under their laws in Deuteronomy and Le Leviticus Jesus walked and talked with common people Jesus asked uneducated people to become his disciples in other words Jesus showed through his compassion understanding and love for people that the old Deuteronomy and Leviticus laws are man-made and not the Ten Commandments that are God's true laws so continue with us on this next on the sixth part Series where we look at the last six Commandments Commandments individually and show that Jesus is the woke guy we all need to emulate and follow come back next week as we begin our six part series about the most woke God in the [Music] world

greetings seekers of truth and wisdom today we embark on a profound journey to explore the final 6 commandments of the 10 commandments and uncover their profound relevance in our modern world for centuries these ancient teachings have stood as beacons of moral guidance illuminating the path towards a life of purpose and fulfillment yet in our era of self proclaimed wokeness we often find ourselves questioning the very foundations upon which these commandments were built through this sermon series we will discover that true awakening transcends the fleeting trends of our times for it was jesus christ himself the embodiment of divine love and truth who lived and taught a form of awakening far greater than our current understanding today is youth and pseudo science culture has developed this idea of woke okay so you are woke why is this a major issue now when we were culturally united before 2008 wokeism has now divided the western world here is the issue jesus was woke before this quote idea entered our lexicon seriously although as christians have standards and rules we follow the main issue of being woke is one of the core tenants for us our rules are standard by what we try to live by these rules constrain our animalistic and debase nature but many woke idiots have said that christianity is the cause of the issues here in the world today local state and federal laws are being ignored in a majority of quote progressive cities and states look at what happened great examples is los angeles and new york city so how is being christian more woke than the progressive left when we look at jesus and his ministry the core is to restore or fulfill the law we see this when it comes to matthew 5 17 20 do not suppose for a minute that i have come to demolish the scriptures either god is law or the prophets i am not here to demolish but to complete i am going to put it all together put it all together in a vast panorama god is law is more real and lasting than the stars in the sky and the ground at your feet long after stars burn out and earth wears out god is law will will be alive and working trivialize even the smallest item in god is law and you will only have triv tri trivialized yourself but take it seriously show the way for others and you will find honor in the kingdom unless you do far better than the pharisees in the matters of right living you will not know the 1st thing about entering the kingdom in many aspects the law being referred to is the original law from god the 10 commands commandments now the 1st 4 commandments deal with god directly in worshiping him the next 6 are the big issues that face our place here on earth what is key here and how jesus was a woke individual is in verses 19 and 20 trivialize even the smallest items in god is law and you will only have triv trivialized yourself but take it seriously show the way for others and you will find honor in the kingdom unless you do far better than the pharisees in the matters of right living you will not know the 1st thing about entering the kingdom in this one passage jesus basically destroys the duonic and levitic laws 90% of these 2 books regarding the laws of the jews were written by the pharisees not god if you ever studied deuteronomy and leviticus look how anal retentive the laws and punishments are you know this tv series the west wing actually has an entire scene where the president is quoting from these 2 books to a very literal christian now this is why jesus uses the word trivialize the mundane and small issues we see in our civil law cloes should not be emblazoned in the bible these individual legal cloes are for our government and people god made very general but also very specific items when it came to the 10 commandments now as i said god is 10 commandments are very general in meaning when it came to his father followers while the 1st 4 commandments relate to god and worship the next 6 are key to this message they are honor your father and your mother that your days may be long in the land that the lord your god is giving you you shall not murder you shall not commit adultery you shall not steal you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor you shall not covet your neighbor is house you shall not covet your neighbor is wife or his male servant or his female servant or his ox or his donkey or anything that is your neighbors again if we compare these 6 commandments with today is legal codex notice the lack of punishment jesus m is making it quite clear that god will punish those who disobey the 10 commandments but is not disclosing those punishments because they are not tied to the corporal world god has not time to list each punishment based on the number of violations god is only interested in making sure we are limited in our actions here on earth to be better citizens to each other if any of youve noticed your memes there is one that is 2 panels with jim from the office in front of a whiteboard the whiteboard states your religion does not prohibit me from anything it prohibits you learn the difference you are right religion does not prohibit anyone but we are given freedom of choice in our lives what religion does is not pray not only pray and be obedient to a higher power but we also acknowledge that high that higher power wishes us to be morally right when we deal with our world the 10 commandments were presented in stone for a reason stone was used as a foundation in homes in ancient times this is why the 10 commandments are so also carved in stone they represent the foundation of being better individuals and a moral superior society now you wondering why i state that jesus is more woke than today is hairy liberals in the media in this series we will break down how jesus in fulfilling the laws of moses was the most woke individual of his time and why it is time to turn the tide back to worshiping god and jesus to ensure the survival of our cultures and lives jesus would heal people would heal people in front of the rabbis the pharisees and scribes who were deemed impure and evil under their laws in deuteronomy and le leviticus jesus walked and talked with common people jesus asked uneducated people to become his disciples in other words jesus showed through his compassion understanding and love for people that the old deuteronomy and leviticus laws are man made and not the 10 commandments that are god is true laws so continue with us on this next on the 6th part series where we look at the last 6 commandments commandments individually and show that jesus is the woke guy we all need to emulate and follow come back next week as we begin our 6 part series about the most woke god in the world

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5bcF5rtwzI

[Music] is word max whips across and Kern is from the max word for the mountain ash tree and they would make them at this time of year just before men to ward off evil spirits they leave em in witches and the clarify losers like sometimes calling themselves and the mangy beggar they often get calls you never quite trust them and you have to be very careful about them you want to just avoid if you can okay some wool that you've collected off the hedgerows rather than having has been cut off a sheep or a barbed wire you collected from the bushes that's just naturally come off of the cheapest brush tough you have to use your thumbnail to score a little hole and through it just makes it easy to keep the cross together and just score it with your thumb nail and push another little piece through and then you wrap it with some wool but you need to sort of make the ball into some kind of a thread I usually rolls along mini and and then there you just wind it round sort of in a X sort of shape and there and took it in at the back and hope it stays usually does when you make them you don't use any iron or any metal and have to use your hands only because I think they believed and anything metal or solutely nails that put the Jesus on the cross these days people think of it as a good luck symbol what does anything and then then we put it up on the back door and on the front door toward away the evil spirits for the year the only island to do so so if we don't keep our own traditions alive movie ourselves and it's good to see where we've come from and it just sets us apart makes it of existence and alone [Music]

is word max whips across and kern is from the max word for the mountain ash tree and they would make them at this time of year just before men to ward off evil spirits they leave em in witches and the clarify losers like sometimes calling themselves and the mangy beggar they often get calls you never quite trust them and you have to be very careful about them you want to just avoid if you can okay some wool that you have collected off the hedgerows rather than having has been cut off a sheep or a barbed wire you collected from the bushes that is just naturally come off of the cheapest brush tough you have to use your thumbnail to score a little hole and through it just makes it easy to keep the cross together and just score it with your thumb nail and push another little piece through and then you wrap it with some wool but you need to sort of make the ball into some kind of a thread i usually rolls along mini and and then there you just wind it round sort of in a x sort of shape and there and took it in at the back and hope it stays usually does when you make them you do not use any iron or any metal and have to use your hands only because i think they believed and anything metal or solutely nails that put the jesus on the cross these days people think of it as a good luck symbol what does anything and then then we put it up on the back door and on the front door toward away the evil spirits for the year the only island to do so so if we do not keep our own traditions alive movie ourselves and it is good to see where we have come from and it just sets us apart makes it of existence and alone

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDZyBEsdq4o

hi guys Dan here and today I'm going to be doing the latest installment in hardened danes indie read long so if I'm correct this is the January video probably out in about March knowing my current approach to making videos but I'm getting there and I'm gonna be reviewing two more Olly Jacobs Kirk sandblaster books so I'll link below to my last video where I discussed three of them in the series so he's a local high wycombe author and she went around to his house for a party and he gave me three of his books in this series and so I thought I might as well buy the final remaining two that he didn't have spare copies of so the Kirk sandblaster books are a little bit reminiscent of Douglas Adams they're basically humorous sci-fi they follow the titular character Kirk sandblaster space adventurer he's a bit of an arrogant douche to be honest he's kind of a character you love to hate and then he has his sidekick czar who has two heads and a power suit and zilara is much more kind of cynical and he's just brought along for the ride and doesn't always want to be there and it's just got this great song it's got this British sense of humor I think I also like in quite a few places he references like areas and things that are kind of native to High Wycombe where I live you know so I'm gonna start by taking a look at this one this is the space adventures of Kirk's ambassador space adventurer this is the first book in the series I'll read the blurb adventure that's Kirk's and blasters mantra in a universe filled with the wild and wonderful he's looking for his next fix along with his re and sidekicks la Kirk sandblaster is ready to zip zoom and laugh in the face of most things strapped in have a beverage and get ready for the space adventures of Kirk sandblaster space adventurer well I would not be one to denied a beverage so as I say this is the first book in the series you can kind of tell in the as the series progresses the the editing in particular and the copy editing gets a lot better so things like apostrophes been in the wrong places and that kind of stuff happens more kind of frequently towards to start that said it is a great introduction to the world of Kirk sandblaster it did what I would say it annoyed me but it was a bit jarring for me and that it jumps backwards and forwards through time because basically what happens is you start at this certain point in the story and then the AI the onboard AI called Navi on on his spaceship he's kind of telling the story of how him and LA met which is an important story but it's just weird a little bit how it's done that it jumps from the sort of the present back to the past and then back to the present back to the past again but it does work well I will read you a few a few things that I I highlighted here now I will say again I think it's because I read these out of order I would suggest reading them in order because basically this whole thing felt like backstory to me because it basically was because I'd read the next three books or whatever whereas Lara is already a character and this is very much introducing slaw and Kirk sandblaster and you know building the universe and I speaking of which the the world building which is actually universe building in this fantastic like very imaginative even some of the place names are just like the place names I got a kind of humor of their own to them as well oh yeah so here we go this will be recognizable to anybody from the UK in this place name whizzing through the majesty of space sandblaster knew exactly where he was going back in his gif days swigging carter Ali's with the lads before slinking off and letting them pay the bill they often spoke of the home of the Lost pilots it was a place where maverick flights mists went to perish on the wave of their own legacy burn out stretched thin and hung out to dry they were any willing captains for a price and the price wasn't cheap after all these outcasts had all come for a reason and we're usually willing to stay that place the floating bastion of jaded hope and lost souls Space Station Hulk no offense to any of my viewers who may be from a hole I like this little paragraph here as well so since then the art of transwarp has have still been mired in controversy in casual wariness in fact many Psychopaths have accepted transwarp a phobia is a serious recognizable condition at this juncture it should be noted that psychopaths are not in fact the mad acts murdering type that history defined them as but a portmanteau of psychologists and telepaths who exceed in the field oh yeah I like this a bit as well it breaks the fourth wall let me repeat this bit out so this builds directly on from that and because this is the computer telling the story and then we jump back to the present San Blas turns Largay Veatch other a befuddled look on the Gurian ship the dual face pirates gave themselves an equally confused one which given their multi-phase status was very confusing indeed Nabi why did you feel the need to clarify that San Blas were asked well sir just in cases of non future type person was listening in what do you mean non future type i mean someone who is not from this exciting science fictional world this isn't science fiction though you dumb piece of technology is lara growled maybe so but someone could be reading this and won't know all of these ram d ram damn diddly future terms apologies if the camera angle has changed my battery just died one thing i do like here as well just this little tiny bit of attention to detail so basically they've just recovered this map from outer space and it goes as thes re and crash back into the relative safety of the bounty sam blasted grab the map he instantly wished he hadn't as it was fairly frozen from brick being out in deep space he swiftly dropped it to the floor and dunked his hands in some thermal aqua we have this bit where they get into a super bright sun as well so they get up to earth well they tint the they keep tinting the screen of the ship so they can see it and it says at five thousand percent tin he finally managed to get a good look at the mega sun that was before him sure enough it was the largest surface he had ever seen with no hint of an edge to it no matter where he looked what amazed him further was the fact that periodically little black dots would pass by small enough to be almost insignificant but exactly all this but noticeable all the same sun blaster knew exactly what the dots were they were planets we also have the moment in this story where's la loses his eye and it gets replaced by a robotic one which is then mention in the later books as well I'm gonna give this I'm going to give this a three point seven five out of five actually going back through it now I did enjoy it more than I remembered enjoying it so that there's that so is good and we move on to this one here which is Kirk sandblaster plays the game of Lauria and the blurb for this boom despite the exploding glory of universe here Kirk's sand blaster is bored so what's a space adventurer to do sign up the most dangerous exciting tournament there is and bring along slaw for the ride so once again strap yourself in and grab your lasers because kirk sam blaster plays the game of Lauria and the game of Lauria is basically like a battle royale with non deadly lasers except there are also some very deadly explosions so it's not all kind of safe the reason Kirk sandblasting wants to do it is for the promise of adventure because that's the kind of guy he is there's also a big old prize if you win it but he's not too worried about that because for reasons I'm still not quite entirely certain of he is like a tetra lien heir he's very rich and this this is on par with Kirk sandblaster faces tetra Gaiden which I reviewed in the last batch that I read those who are probably my favorite of the series types so far I think they're also probably the later ones as well which you know potentially makes sense I also know that all these recently finished work on a new one and there might be a sixth one that I haven't got yet as well so I might wait till that that new one comes out and then we'll do it we'll do an update we'll do a third video on this series here we have another one of the great names as well so there's Space Station Risborough so the planet Lauria is where the actual game is held and Space Station Risborough I believe orbits that planet in a house the Medical Bay and all that stuff and basically people get shot by the lasers in this game and then they're like airlifted out by drones and taken to the Medi bay because they're paralyzed once they're hit only temporarily so that's good but um Space Station Risborough is presumably named after princess Risborough which is about 10-15 miles from here I like this little observation as well so basically because this is an actual planet that it's take taking place on the planet you get you get explain this as part of the you know the backstory of the book but the planet was kind of colonized and then abandoned so there's like lots of abandoned buildings that which is perfect for you to have this game of Lauria you know so it says here as I wanted to be in the thick of the action not playing babysitter but knew that fit would be useless on his own he picked up the alien and run to the hole that Broncs rocket had cause it had opened up a small series of offices filled with mechanical equipment and motivational posters one showcasing a cat dangling precariously from a piece of wire tolds la - hang on in there part of him wanted to shoot it I like this bit as well so sandblasters facing off against his sort of nemesis for this book and the the bit that you need to know going this is that the company that runs it all is called out for sports so this is this enemy he goes well let's let's read this bit here we go you know your problem Bronk Bronk just shook with rage he was snorting hard now swinging his limp limbs around with such ferocity that should they connect they'd still probably knock you out clean I'm gonna break you Sam blaster exactly that's your problem you're so caught up in getting revenge you lost sight of the game itself I mean what did you think this was vengeance Island at that moment alpha sports went into copywriting the term vengeance Island and plan to have its first season premiere next month so there is there some great commentary on like corporate culture in this as well oh there is a there is a typo in this that did make me chuckle of it it says you wouldn't you couldn't fault them for ceasing the moment instead of seizing the moment but again I mean it's an indie book you've gotta cut it some slack you know here we have a start one of the chapters as well so as the Alpha sports recovery center hold toward the dusty ground of Sector F Kirk sandblaster and his re and comrades la could only watch a certain doom looked at them straight on now Dean can come in all flavors of course but this was an impressive level of doom you can get mild doom or even a spot of heavy doom but certain doom that was very dooming and then we have a reference to Montague Santiago as well and the University of Man of the Year competition which I'm not sure whether that's already happened by this point because again I read them out of order but there is a there is a book about that so I think it goes yeah the space adventures of Kirk soundblaster space adventurer coke Sound Blaster in the ice pirates of La Koch Sound Blaster plays the game of Lauria Kirk soundblaster faces tetra gedan and then Kirk son Kirk Sound Blaster vs Montague since Santiago is number five I think so there's a nice a little bit for shadow in there all in all I give this a pretty solid four if not a four point two five out of five and yeah I enjoyed both of these I've enjoyed all of the books so far some of them are better than others be get that in a series and cuz of like if you look at them they're not particularly massive books so you can kind of binge on them pretty easily as well as I did I've read there five of them in two months now I believe and I look forward to reading some more and yeah I've read some of Ollie Jacobs his other stuff as well and were just yeah he's a good guy and a good author so I'd recommend it so we have it that is it for this month's edition of Hardin Danes Indy read along I'm not quite sure what I'll be reading in the month of February yet but it's chances are it's probably gonna be strange dat no sorries chances are it's gonna be West Richardson Street by saqib Deshmukh who is another High Wycombe author that's why I was thinking strange days in High Wycombe which isn't Olly Jacobs but yeah I'll probably read that and maybe some Duncan Ralston as well who I've read before who writes some horror but as always feel free to join us all you really have to do to take part is read an indie book each month or more if you would like to and I check out Todd the librarian as well shout out to time for books who has joined us I think every month since we started in his zag probably doing a better job at this point than either me or Todd ah she should be the third host really well yeah it is what it is so on that note thanks as always for watching don't forget to hit that like button if you've enjoyed this video and let me know in the comments if you're gonna be checking out the Kirk soundblaster books or indeed any of Olly Jacobs his stuff or anything by an indie author hit subscribe for more and I'll see you soon for another bookish video thanks a lot bye bye [Music] you

hi guys dan here and today i am going to be doing the latest installment in hardened danes indie read long so if i am correct this is the january video probably out in about march knowing my current approach to making videos but i am getting there and i am going to be reviewing 2 more olly jacobs kirk sandblaster books so i will link below to my last video where i discussed 3 of them in the series so he is a local high wycombe author and she went around to his house for a party and he gave me 3 of his books in this series and so i thought i might as well buy the final remaining 2 that he did not have spare copies of so the kirk sandblaster books are a little bit reminiscent of douglas adams they are basically humorous sci fi they follow the titular character kirk sandblaster space adventurer he is a bit of an arrogant douche to be honest he is kind of a character you love to hate and then he has his sidekick czar who has 2 heads and a power suit and zilara is much more kind of cynical and he is just brought along for the ride and does not always want to be there and it is just got this great song it has got this british sense of humor i think i also like in quite a few places he references like areas and things that are kind of native to high wycombe where i live you know so i am going to start by taking a look at this one this is the space adventures of kirk is ambassador space adventurer this is the 1st book in the series i will read the blurb adventure that is kirk is and blasters mantra in a universe filled with the wild and wonderful he is looking for his next fix along with his re and sidekicks la kirk sandblaster is ready to zip zoom and laugh in the face of most things strapped in have a beverage and get ready for the space adventures of kirk sandblaster space adventurer well i would not be one to denied a beverage so as i say this is the 1st book in the series you can kind of tell in the as the series progresses the the editing in particular and the copy editing gets a lot better so things like apostrophes been in the wrong places and that kind of stuff happens more kind of frequently towards to start that said it is a great introduction to the world of kirk sandblaster it did what i would say it annoyed me but it was a bit jarring for me and that it jumps backwards and forwards through time because basically what happens is you start at this certain point in the story and then the ai the onboard ai called navi on on his spaceship he is kind of telling the story of how him and la met which is an important story but it is just weird a little bit how it is done that it jumps from the sort of the present back to the past and then back to the present back to the past again but it does work well i will read you a few a few things that i i highlighted here now i will say again i think it is because i read these out of order i would suggest reading them in order because basically this whole thing felt like backstory to me because it basically was because i would read the next 3 books or whatever whereas lara is already a character and this is very much introducing slaw and kirk sandblaster and you know building the universe and i speaking of which the the world building which is actually universe building in this fantastic like very imaginative even some of the place names are just like the place names i got a kind of humor of their own to them as well 0 yeah so here we go this will be recognizable to anybody from the uk in this place name whizzing through the majesty of space sandblaster knew exactly where he was going back in his gif days swigging carter ali is with the lads before slinking off and letting them pay the bill they often spoke of the home of the lost pilots it was a place where maverick flights mists went to perish on the wave of their own legacy burn out stretched thin and hung out to dry they were any willing captains for a price and the price was not cheap after all these outcasts had all come for a reason and we are usually willing to stay that place the floating bastion of jaded hope and lost souls space station hulk no offense to any of my viewers who may be from a hole i like this little paragraph here as well so since then the art of transwarp has have still been mired in controversy in casual wariness in fact many psychopaths have accepted transwarp a phobia is a serious recognizable condition at this juncture it should be noted that psychopaths are not in fact the mad acts murdering type that history defined them as but a portmanteau of psychologists and telepaths who exceed in the field 0 yeah i like this a bit as well it breaks the 4th wall let me repeat this bit out so this builds directly on from that and because this is the computer telling the story and then we jump back to the present san blas turns largay veatch other a befuddled look on the gurian ship the dual face pirates gave themselves an equally confused one which given their multi phase status was very confusing indeed nabi why did you feel the need to clarify that san blas were asked well sir just in cases of non future type person was listening in what do you mean non future type i mean someone who is not from this exciting science fictional world this is not science fiction though you dumb piece of technology is lara growled maybe so but someone could be reading this and will not know all of these ram d ram damn diddly future terms apologies if the camera angle has changed my battery just died one thing i do like here as well just this little tiny bit of attention to detail so basically they have just recovered this map from outer space and it goes as thes re and crash back into the relative safety of the bounty sam blasted grab the map he instantly wished he had not as it was fairly frozen from brick being out in deep space he swiftly dropped it to the floor and dunked his hands in some thermal aqua we have this bit where they get into a super bright sun as well so they get up to earth well they tint the they keep tinting the screen of the ship so they can see it and it says at 5000% tin he finally managed to get a good look at the mega sun that was before him sure enough it was the largest surface he had ever seen with no hint of an edge to it no matter where he looked what amazed him further was the fact that periodically little black dots would pass by small enough to be almost insignificant but exactly all this but noticeable all the same sun blaster knew exactly what the dots were they were planets we also have the moment in this story where is la loses his eye and it gets replaced by a robotic one which is then mention in the later books as well i am going to give this i am going to give this a 3.75 out of 5 actually going back through it now i did enjoy it more than i remembered enjoying it so that there is that so is good and we move on to this one here which is kirk sandblaster plays the game of lauria and the blurb for this boom despite the exploding glory of universe here kirk is sand blaster is bored so what is a space adventurer to do sign up the most dangerous exciting tournament there is and bring along slaw for the ride so once again strap yourself in and grab your lasers because kirk sam blaster plays the game of lauria and the game of lauria is basically like a battle royale with non deadly lasers except there are also some very deadly explosions so it is not all kind of safe the reason kirk sandblasting wants to do it is for the promise of adventure because that is the kind of guy he is there is also a big old prize if you win it but he is not too worried about that because for reasons i am still not quite entirely certain of he is like a tetra lien heir he is very rich and this this is on par with kirk sandblaster faces tetra gaiden which i reviewed in the last batch that i read those who are probably my favorite of the series types so far i think they are also probably the later ones as well which you know potentially makes sense i also know that all these recently finished work on a new one and there might be a 6th one that i have not got yet as well so i might wait till that that new one comes out and then we will do it we will do an update we will do a 3rd video on this series here we have another one of the great names as well so there is space station risborough so the planet lauria is where the actual game is held and space station risborough i believe orbits that planet in a house the medical bay and all that stuff and basically people get shot by the lasers in this game and then they are like airlifted out by drones and taken to the medi bay because they are paralyzed once they are hit only temporarily so that is good but space station risborough is presumably named after princess risborough which is about 10 15 miles from here i like this little observation as well so basically because this is an actual planet that it is take taking place on the planet you get you get explain this as part of the you know the backstory of the book but the planet was kind of colonized and then abandoned so there is like lots of abandoned buildings that which is perfect for you to have this game of lauria you know so it says here as i wanted to be in the thick of the action not playing babysitter but knew that fit would be useless on his own he picked up the alien and run to the hole that broncs rocket had cause it had opened up a small series of offices filled with mechanical equipment and motivational posters one showcasing a cat dangling precariously from a piece of wire tolds la hang on in there part of him wanted to shoot it i like this bit as well so sandblasters facing off against his sort of nemesis for this book and the the bit that you need to know going this is that the company that runs it all is called out for sports so this is this enemy he goes well let us let us read this bit here we go you know your problem bronk bronk just shook with rage he was snorting hard now swinging his limp limbs around with such ferocity that should they connect they would still probably knock you out clean i am going to break you sam blaster exactly that is your problem you are so caught up in getting revenge you lost sight of the game itself i mean what did you think this was vengeance island at that moment alpha sports went into copywriting the term vengeance island and plan to have its 1st season premiere next month so there is there some great commentary on like corporate culture in this as well 0 there is a there is a typo in this that did make me chuckle of it it says you would not you could not fault them for ceasing the moment instead of seizing the moment but again i mean it is an indie book you have got to cut it some slack you know here we have a start one of the chapters as well so as the alpha sports recovery center hold toward the dusty ground of sector f kirk sandblaster and his re and comrades la could only watch a certain doom looked at them straight on now dean can come in all flavors of course but this was an impressive level of doom you can get mild doom or even a spot of heavy doom but certain doom that was very dooming and then we have a reference to montague santiago as well and the university of man of the year competition which i am not sure whether that is already happened by this point because again i read them out of order but there is a there is a book about that so i think it goes yeah the space adventures of kirk soundblaster space adventurer coke sound blaster in the ice pirates of la koch sound blaster plays the game of lauria kirk soundblaster faces tetra gedan and then kirk son kirk sound blaster vs montague since santiago is number 5 i think so there is a nice a little bit for shadow in there all in all i give this a pretty solid 4 if not a 4.25 out of 5 and yeah i enjoyed both of these i have enjoyed all of the books so far some of them are better than others be get that in a series and cuz of like if you look at them they are not particularly massive books so you can kind of binge on them pretty easily as well as i did i have read there 5 of them in 2 months now i believe and i look forward to reading some more and yeah i have read some of ollie jacobs his other stuff as well and were just yeah he is a good guy and a good author so i would recommend it so we have it that is it for this month is edition of hardin danes indy read along i am not quite sure what i will be reading in the month of february yet but it is chances are it is probably going to be strange dat no sorries chances are it is going to be west richardson street by saqib deshmukh who is another high wycombe author that is why i was thinking strange days in high wycombe which is not olly jacobs but yeah i will probably read that and maybe some duncan ralston as well who i have read before who writes some horror but as always feel free to join us all you really have to do to take part is read an indie book each month or more if you would like to and i check out todd the librarian as well shout out to time for books who has joined us i think every month since we started in his zag probably doing a better job at this point than either me or todd ah she should be the 3rd host really well yeah it is what it is so on that note thanks as always for watching do not forget to hit that like button if you have enjoyed this video and let me know in the comments if you are going to be checking out the kirk soundblaster books or indeed any of olly jacobs his stuff or anything by an indie author hit subscribe for more and i will see you soon for another bookish video thanks a lot bye bye you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sXlk9bqkW8

[Music] he [Music] for [Music] for [Music] he [Music] hey in this nitty-gritty Basics let's play live stream we're going to be playing American majan using the national Maj on League card at I love Mage the nitty-gritty Basics demonstrations are all done at I love MJ because they have a wonderful exercise room we'll be using Charleston decision making probably next week because today's topic is on high-risk sabotage and that's going to require watching what the robots are doing at the table so we're going to be reactive today highrisk sabotage that is the topic for today it's a little bit more advanced than I usually share so you'll have to let me know if you're a beginner if you find this overwhelming and if it is just pick and choose one or two to tactics to help you begin thinking strategically on how you can block your opponents from hand development while you still develop your own hand and decide if you're going to play to win or fold please write your comments in the chat as we go and if you're watching the repost first thank you for that and then also write your comments below the video and I'll be happy to answer any questions you might have you can also join us on Facebook if you use social media because we do talk through a lot of strategies and rules on Facebook you can find links in the video description below I want to say thank you again for watching my videos channel members thank you so much for supporting MJ life and moderators thank you for being here to help moderate the chat today's format is nitty-gritty so no socialization if you like gameplay with social socialization and shenanigans join us on Fridays starting at 6 PM eastern time all right let's get started I'm gonna share my screen oh I've already got it let's see here right here there we go highrisk sabotage can you hear me okay somebody give me a a go in chat to let me know that you can hear me I can do a quick test also hold on y okay I got my hi Mona all right great here we go hi your sabotage buckle up when you're playing this game the object of the game of course is to complete a winning hand secondarily you want to not lose you don't want to throw a winning tile and you want to try to keep your opponents from developing their hand and that's what high-risk sabotage is all about the highrisk part is when you sense that your opponents are getting close to a winning hand and we're going to talk about how you can tell the first step is you need to be aware of red flags the next step is you're going to assess your position then observe tells next choose tactics and then lastly you're going to take action so we're going to step through these and then we'll do demonstrations at I love maage with robots awesome Sandra thank you okay so beware of red flags what are the red flags during the Charleston one red flag is if an opponent is passing blind that can be an indicator that they have a well-developed hand so they don't have enough tiles to pass they don't want to give away a keeper now keep in mind here that they could be in between categories or in between hands that could also indicate that particular situation but you want to think about the worst case scenario and plan for that so if someone is passing blind the best way to interpret that if you if you know them especially eventually you'll be able to determine whether they're in between or if they know what they're playing and sometimes a tell for this is their speed in passing their their physical action so if somebody for example after receiving a pass they quickly take two tiles and then take one tile to supplement that pass there's like no delay to me that would be an indicator that they probably have a well-developed hand now if they delay and they're thinking about what to do and then they pass maybe two and supplement if there's a delay there that could be an indicator that they're in between so think about speed with their action s passing blind that's one red flag the next would be stopping the Charleston this is a big red flag and typically when experienced players stop the Charleston they have a well-developed hand very rarely will an experienced player stop the Charleston if they're in [Music] between there's a disclaimer here though because there are some experienced players who stop the Charleston as a tactic they do that consistently and when that occurs they are harming their own hand development potentially as well as the hand development of their opponents so so even though they can slow the hand development for their opponents they're doing the same thing to themselves because they're denying themselves the opportunity to potentially improve their dealt hand further with 12 more tiles up to 12 because after this first left you're going to pass left across right in that last right you can pass blind and in the optional cross you negotiate with your opponent across from you up to three tiles many times when someone stops the Charleston the opponent sitting opposite will not pass tiles to that player because they need they assume that the player has a well-developed hand that's why I say up to 12 some people might think well really isn't it nine no not necessarily because some opponents will exchange tiles it's best not to though because they could be near a a ready hand so consider that the next flag is that in the optional across they negotiate low so here's an example I'm sitting across from you and I pass one blind in the first left that's the first red flag then I think a moment and I say I want to stop the Charleston that's the second red flag then I pause and I am reactive I wait for my opponent to offer a pass and if they don't offer which I expect that they won't but if they don't then I might say would you like any tiles I don't say how many I want yet I just say would you like any tiles and they're going to decline or they're going to negotiate so if they say sure I'll take three and then I might say how about two so that would be a low negotiation if I say one say no thank you really if I say even two or three say no thank you because the likelihood is that I have a well-developed hand so these are the Red Flags during the Charleston opponents passing blind opponents stopping the Charleston and OPP uh opponents negotiating low three red flags if any of these occur you need to be mindful of that going into the next phase of the game and that's what we're going to talk about next in the play the play is after East discards that first tile so East discards and now we're going to be playing so here are the red flags that occur in this phase of the game any post exposure discard I need to add one to this is an early exposure if somebody makes an exposure when the short wall is in play that would be the second wall that is a red flag because they're willing to risk giving away information and also many times that first exposure could have Joker so they're going to risk losing a joker in an early exposure so an early exposure and then post exposure discards you want to watch the relationship to their exposure so like if I let's say someone discards a seven bam and I call it and I expose a Kong with a joker of seven bams and then I discard a six bam you can assume that I'm either playing maybe a executive runand in mix suits or big odds so it will help you identify what category they're playing or maybe the pattern of their hand and you're going to continue to watch their discards so an early exposure is the first red flag then the postexposure discard is another red flag and incidentally these will continue through the game next an opponent making more than one exposure the more exposures someone has the easier it is going to be to identify their category and their hand eventually because you're going to watch those exposures and by process of elimination figure out what category they're playing and then maybe even what hand they're playing if you know the card well lastly if opponents start discarding Jokers that's another big red flag typically that is going to mean that they're either playing a Joker's hand or they could be waiting on a single tile or maybe they're waiting to complete a pair so you should have heightened awareness and defense with that last bullet for sure that last Red Flag if anyone discards a joker so what do you do with all of that you're going to assess your position your position in the game is going to be based on the hand development after the Charleston so after the charlest after you've received all your passes and you have hopefully improved your dealt hand you're going to assess your position and you're going to do that by counting your discards so whatever category you're playing at this stage of the game probably you may not have picked a hand yet maybe you have if you have just count your discards if you have more than four discards at at the begin game when East discards their first tile or during that second wall the short wall you are likely an underdog in the game you're probably trailing behind the pack take a lowrisk approach until you have a hand with no gaps and few weaknesses and we're going to look at some examples of this so this would be the underdog position low risk you're going to take low low risk and depending on how things go with your opponents and what they reveal you can either increase your control of risk or you can pull back and take more risks depending on what happens at the table if you have four discards you're likely a contender for that game this means you can take a moderate risk approach and expedite your hand development and that would mean claiming discards and making exposures to help quicker Quicken hand development expedite hand development by using discards keep in mind that every exposure you make is going to reveal information just like your opponents so for discards you're likely a contender if if you have less than four you're likely a front runner for that hand regardless of risk expedite hand development so for example let's say you're in that begin game and someone discards a joker and you can make an exposure with a Kong someone discards a tile and you can make an exposure with Jokers let's say you want to U make an exposure with Kongs and a couple of jokers it's okay to risk that because you're a front runner with only four discards after that exposure you discard and now you have only three and the game is still in that first short wall so being a front runner means that you can take more risks let's look at some examples so here up in the right corner you see the short wall that's a bird's eye view of a table short wall in that upper right corner and this is the hand after the Charleston we have odds odds the first odd hand in one suit and we could maybe even play 5 S N in one suit if we maybe get a Red Dragon for example so let's just say the first odd hand in one suit and we would have four discards really five because we have an extra extra nine crack so because there are five we're an underdog so we want to take a low-risk approach if this were our hand the weakness for this hand right now is the one crack we need a pair for that and we have only one that would be an example of a weakness another weakness is the five crack because for this hand that needs to be a Kong we have two but we can't call anything so that would be example of another weakness so this particular hand even though there are no gaps there are two weaknesses until we get another one crack or maybe draw a five crack or a joker and then we can act on the three crack and pong Kong the five pong the seven and be ready to win maybe on that five or that one crack so kind of plan it through in your head briefly and and see see where the hand can go what might happen as you continue to develop but in this case because we have five discards we should assume that we're in that Underdog position and take a lowrisk approach all right next we're going to look at this example we have winds and Dragons number seven this would be the concealed hand the concealed hand we have news we have extra East because we only need singles there and then we have a Pung of sevens and an eight dot so in this case we have four discards so we would be a contender we could take a little bit of a higher risk here even though it's a concealed hand we've got our singles all we need to do is build we need tiles to help with the eight dot the North and that's it so so we could get Jokers maybe through picking or Joker exchanges so we would be a contender If This Were our hand four discards here's another example we have like numbers number two we have a couple of jokers and then we have three pairs of ones and Dragons we're missing one Dragon the white dragon and we have two discards two we would be a front runner here so we can take any level of risk and just play at will in this case this is a concealed hand maybe we could since we have two jokers we could Kong these ones and discard the flowers in which case that would put us back to a contender because with the dragons if we decide to play the exposable hand we would have four discards so that would be an example of taking this hand a different route to expedite hand development let's say for example someone puts up a pong of white dragons that's going to limit your ability to get that last dragon so you might switch to the exposable hand and that would that would basically mean the two dragons would become discards so your position is going to change depending on the decisions that you make and what happens at the table let's look at another example we have a consecutive run hand and the consecutive run hand for this one is the second hand down on the right one two in dots three four and cracks pong Kong pong Kong we have another pair on the left but we have four multiples that can be used for that second hand down so I would earmark the twos the two cracks as potential Joker bait which is another tactic that we may be able to demonstrate later when we play the game at I love M but here you would discard one of these twos in the middle of the game and maybe someone will make an exposure with a joker and then you can do a joker exchange with the other tile that's called Joker Bab and that particular tactic was coined by Tom sloper of sloperama so thank you Tom for that so in this particular case we have five discards however three of those discards are clear and the other two are Joker bait so we have the potential of getting a joker so the C the the categorization is a little bit different I would would say we have three discards with Joker bait and to me that would make us a front runner because if we do get that joker then we're just going to confirm that we're in we're advancing so we have three clear discards the two cracks we're going to hold on to a little bit and see maybe if we could get Jokers there so this would be an example of a front runner because we have Joker bait and that of course is going to depend on what happen S at the table if somebody in the begin game or even the early part of the middle game discards A two crack and nobody wants it well then it's going to become a discard and you're going to adjust your position accordingly you might put yourself back to being a a contender bump back if something happens with the potential for Joker bait just bump yourself back to Contender so that you're prepared to take the appropriate level of risk with as you develop your hand okay any questions about position Underdog more than four discards Contender four discards front runner less than four discards so the magic number there is four under four or I'm sorry over four would be an underdog four would be a contender less than four would be a front runner any questions I don't see any questions so we're going to keep going we're going to start talking about sabotage okay here we go you it's going to be really important for you to learn how to compartmentalize the game and using hop toys strategy by wall is a good way to do that so the strategy by wall originally was introduced to the community by Tom sloper and I've used that strategy myself and over time have added my own tactics to it which is why I call it strateg h hop toys strategy by wall so the Charleston is what I call the pregame this is before East discards the first tile the game doesn't officially begin until that point so the Charleston is a pregame hand development expediter that Charleston the whole purpose of the Charleston is to help you further develop your delt hand so that when the game begins with East discard and the game kind of slows down where you pick one tile at a time getting these these three tiles up to uh let's see three nine 10 times let's see I'm sorry seven passes so right across left left across right and then the optional across that's seven passes up to 21 tiles you're going to be able to further develop your hand to some degree hopefully so that's what happens during the pregame or the Charleston then we have the begin game which is the short wall second wall here you want to you know after the Charleston you're going to assess your position and then when East discards you're going to hopefully know at least what category you're playing and then if you can pick a hand by the end of the second wall if you can sometimes it's not possible that's okay just continue continue to gather and build the middle game is the third wall if you can try to be ready to win by the end of the third wall that's a good goal it's it's hard to do but it's good to set your sights there build with the end of Mind basically try to be ready to win by the end of the third wall if you can and then the end game which is the last wall actually here I just want to mention if you're not ready to win by that end of the third wall adjust your position and bump back so that you can focus on sabotage if you have four discards and you're at the end of the third wall or maybe you don't even know what hand you're playing yet make yourself an underdog and switch to sabotage basically fold your hand and discard safely and then maybe the next hand you'll have a better start and be ahead by this point for the next game live to fight another day basically so and I need to add the end game which is the fourth wall in that fourth wall that is where you really want to heighten defense and decide if you're going to play to win or fold and discard as safely as possible to keep your opponents from further developing their hand so now we're going to talk about how to observe tells this is kind of where the beginning of the sabotage because you've got to gather information it's going to require you to observe what is happening at the table not just what's happening in your own hand but what is happening at the table and if you don't already know a tell is a change in a player's behavior that can give Clues to that player's viability of their hand this comes from the poker world the same thing can be done in maang there are all kinds of tells well three kinds specifically that we're going to talk about it is a change in a player's behavior that gives you a clue on the viability of your opponent's hand the first type of tell is a verbal tell this is where their filter might slip they may say something about the game or maybe even their hand that gives information that you can use to your advantage for example somebody might be frustrated and say where are all the flowers they need flowers and they have none so you could take that to me they're either in the wall or maybe your other opponents have the flowers but also that you have time to build your hand because they're behind they have no flowers and they want them so they gave away information by verbalizing something about their hand that would be an example of verbal tells there's a whole other video lots of videos on tells I believe it's look for Intel Gathering I believe is the title of the videos on tells this I just want to cover very briefly because we're going to talk more about sabotage what to do with this information so the next two would be physical tells and that's where people Flinch it's kind of like a verbal tell only they're not speaking they're moving their body they're they're using their body or their their emotions are being expressed through their body whether it be maybe their they have their their chin in their in their hand or maybe they're covering their mouth or their forehead is in their hand like this I mean those can all be expressions of frustration boredom and you know maybe their hand is not progressing as they want it to those are all tells physical tells the way they use their body it could also be a flinch or a smirk so facial tails come in here as well and then there are tile tails the tile tails are the ones where they're manipulating their hand in some kind of way maybe they're shuffling their tiles quickly that could be an indicator that they're switching their hand if that's done in the middle game after someone makes an exposure well they're basically starting over with a hand or maybe they're switching from one hand to another or maybe even changing categories who knows but a lot of times after somebody makes an exposure somebody might need to change their hand and they the tell there would be probably tile Tails where they're shuffling their tiles another would be if people turn tiles that's another tile tail somebody discards something and then another player will turn a tile that usually is an indicator that they wanted that discard so the Tells are all behaviors exhibited by your opponents that can give you information to help you decide how to proceed with your own hand whether you're going to push or fold consider though that there are bluffs people can Bluff an example of a bluff would be in the middle game somebody picks a tile from the wall and they rack it and then they maybe pause a moment and they discard a natural tile a symbol tile and then someone discards and they maang and they have Jokers they could have thrown a joker but when you throw a joker that's enough another red that's a red flag just like we talked about earlier so as not to alert the table or spook the opponents they'll discard a natural tile because they have enough of them to cover that Gap and then they're still ready to win they just don't want people to think oh my gosh they discarded a joker they must be waiting on a pair or a single tile they must be ready to win or or they're playing a big hand a Paar hand so there is such a thing as Bluff so keep that in mind and people also can use tells as manipulation deception they could just do it even if it doesn't apply some people for example will decide to fold in the end end game let's say someone discards a tile and they have a pure exposure that they can make some people will make an exposure even though they've decided to fold just to sabotage someone else's hand but I disagree with that particular strategy it is something that people use but I I think it's a bad move because it gives away information some people use that though so keep that in mind people can manipulate the game but if you learn how to read tells especially if you play with the same people all the time you can gather some information that can give you an advantage at the table let's now talk about how you can use that and sabotage your opponents or block them from hand development this would be taking action or in action that will deliberately destroy disrupt or damage their potential to develop their hand so you're going to choose tactics I'm what to do one thing that you could do is destruction this would be a deliberate action that involves destroying their hand and this is going to require uh time it's got to be timely and mindful so for example let's say in the middle game somebody discards a three Dot and an opponent flinches and let's say you have a three dot in your hand that Flinch is a tell on your next turn if you don't need that three dot I would discard it that would be a deliberate action because you saw that tell the Flinch and you're thinking well they must have needed it and couldn't call it so now I'm going to let it go right away that is a deliberate act to sabotage their hand and it's timely because it was just discarded so instead of holding it discard it that would be an example of Destruction the next would be wastage wastage is a deliberate action that involves discarding a joker or discarding a symbol tile that you could have used in a joker exchange and usually these would be red flags at the table if someone discards a joker red flag and if someone also discards a tile that could have been used to do a joker exchange for one you don't want anyone to have a pure hand so you're wasting that opportunity to get the Joker so as not to give them a a pure hand but let's say you don't even need a joker so it doesn't matter to you now I just want to briefly say something about people discarding a tile that could be used in exchange for a joker never say anything about it don't bring it to anyone's attention oh you could have exchanged a joker for that don't do that because they could be doing it deliberately and it will highlight that action and it frustrate them because they may have used it as a tactic a wastage tactic so it draws attention to their playing style and that could cause some hurt feelings so don't comment on any tactic that's being used really you shouldn't talk about anything in a that has to do with the game and play whether it's your own hand your opponent's hand what someone discards what someone um maybe doesn't do this inaction where they could take a joker exchange don't comment on any of that talk about the weather talk about your grandkids what have you uh talk about what you're having for dinner tonight or don't talk at all and just play the game depending on the atmosphere or the the culture of your group of course so the point here is that you don't want to draw attention or give attention to the decisions that other people are making because it it could be intentional okay so wastage next we have inaction this is the deliberate inaction that prevents an opponent's hand development and typically this is going to happen if you decide to fold if you decide your hand is not going anywhere or maybe you're blocked because you needed a pair it's late in the game end of the third wall and you need a pear tile and someone just made a pure Kong or a pure pong and there's no way for you to get a joker and there's not enough time for you to pick another hand this is where you may want to fold and start discarding safe tiles the inaction would be that you are not going to be discarding tiles that could potentially help an opponent develop their hand so that would be holding tiles you think they need and it would also be using tiles you think they will need if you decide to play to win you could maybe have time or the flexibility to switch your hand and use tiles that you think they could need instead of discarding them for example I've played a hand where I had a I picked a flower from the wall in the end of the third wall and I have jokers in my hand and I could switch to a hand that uses flowers with those Jokers instead of discarding a flower in the late game I'm going to change my hand to use the flower that would be an inaction because I'm not going to be discarding that flower instead I'm going to use it myself which is kind of the other side of the coin and that the action I'm taking is to repurpose or reset my hand and use that flower myself instead of discarding it and potentially giving somebody a winning hand or maybe an opportunity to call it and make an exposure and develop their hand further so we have destruction wastage and inaction those are the three tactics that you can use to sabotage your opponent's hand all right any questions we're getting ready to look at one more consideration and that's risk okay here we go risk when you are at the end of the third wall you're going to assess your potential to win and the way that you're going to do that is look at your weaknesses or if you have any gaps or weaknesses a gap would be let's say you're playing 369 and you have no threes I would fold let's say that you need you're playing a hand with four pair a concealed hand like maybe the consecutive concealed hand that needs four pair and you have two singles that need to become pairs that would be two weaknesses you might consider folding especially if your tiles are out on the table as discards or maybe they're in an exposure or maybe you're you think your opponent has them so those are kind of some things you want to think about when you assess your position at the end game right at that third wall or I'm sorry the end of the third wall going into the fourth wall in that end game you want to try to assess where you are in relation to your opponents because if your opponents are further ahead than you you might consider folding and just play defense so that you can block them from winning and then play another game where you might have a better opportunity for quicker hand development so here's how you can decide pick by pick what to do on the left we have the likelihood of a discard being risky you have some that could be improbable let's say for example I draw a two crack and there are three out that have been discarded that would be an improbable tile that could give somebody a winning hand the risk is unlikely if three are out if you can account for three tiles whether they be discards or maybe one is in an exposure and two are discards that two crack would be would have improbable risk the next would be possible risk and this would be fewer discards are out let's say only two are visible that's going to increase the risk level of that particular tile and if only one is out or none are out well then that's going to be a probable tile that could either help someone develop their hand or win so think about the likelihood of that newly picked tile if you don't need it yourself what's going to happen when you discard would be the impact that it's going to create there are levels of impact the first is an acceptable level of impact and that might apply if somebody has no exposures you have no idea what they're playing or maybe they're playing a low a low Point hand and you're okay with paying 50 cents for a hand let's say so that might be an acceptable impact if you pick a time that is risky next we have a tolerable impact maybe someone has one exposure you still don't know what they're playing or maybe you based on discards can figure out that they're playing a higher Point hand it's not it's going to have a higher impact than an acceptable discard an acceptable situation because you're going to end up having to pay higher if if they have happen to be playing a more valuable hand then there's an unacceptable impact where somebody has two exposures and you have a tile that you pick from the wall with someone having two exposures you can figure out what hand they're playing by process of elimination looking at the discards and other exposures that are out you can figure out what that person is playing and incidentally all this is probably more on the advanced beginner side or if you're on a spectrum from beginner to Advanced it's kind of edging into the middle where your Advanced beginner or maybe intermediate so some of this might be a little too advanced for you if so then just let this go until later and then incorporate these things as you gain confidence with the game so the final impact would be intolerable this would be if somebody has three exposures if you draw a tile that is has probable risk you do not want to discard that tile you're going to fold so you're going to think about these things what what is the likelihood that my discard is going to give someone the ability to expedite hand development or potentially win and what is going to be the impact of that win and it's going to be acceptable to intolerable based on the number of exposures so with that on the acceptable side improbable and possible have low impact probable if you have a tile that maybe only has one discard out that's going to have a medium impact so you want to think about that next we have tolerable and this increases as you can see we have medium impact and a high impact if you if you if someone has one exposure and you draw a tile where there's only one out that's going to have a high impact if someone has two exposures or maybe they're playing a quint a high value hand the impact is going to be higher and even if you have a an improbable tile like a a let's say that two crack and there's two out that's going to have a medium impact with somebody who has two exposures or maybe an exposure with a quint if you think they can use that tile you might fold and then if it is a possible winning tile or a probable winning tile it's going to have a high impact you might get criticism from your opponents if you discard a possible or probable winning tile for someone who has two exposures that's a high impact and then finally we have high and extreme if someone has three exposures and you discard a probable winning tile that's going to bring some reaction from your opponents who are going to have to end up paying for that hand so train yourself to be observant watch for tells try to figure out what your opponents are playing if you can if it's a little too advanced for you that's okay table this for a while and then as you gain confidence come back to these videos and learn how to to read the table it will give you an advantage at the table even if you're a beginner and you use these Concepts when there are high-risk situations at the table like somebody having two exposures or three exposures you'll know to probably downgrade your position and fold and discard safely and do it confidently that's the goal all right I'm going to to stop sharing now because we're going to play at I love M let me know what you think about that I may move that to the nitty-gritty prime time because I think it's pretty advanced intermediate maybe which is why I initially put it here in this session but it may be too advanced so if I can add a another basic strategy or skill I'll probably replace it and put that in the prime time so let me know your thoughts on that if you're a beginner let me know if that is just too much if it's just too Advanced too overwhelming to think about those things let me know I welcome the input and then I'll make adjustments based on the response okay so I'm GNA go to this layout and we're gonna play maang we're just going to go straight to playing with robots so that we can monitor their exposures and try to look for their discards it's going to be very challenging to do at I love M because they they don't do random discards they line the discards in rows so it's very difficult or impossible I should say to remember who discarded what with that kind of a layout so the only thing we're going to be able to do is Monitor exposures we and post exposure dis post exposure discards that we can watch for as well so we're going to remember the red flags I'll try to speak to them or Point them out as they occur and then we're going to focus on our own hand development and try to demonstrate high-risk sabotage against robots so we're going to launch a game and play with robots so get started here okay and also the other thing we're going to talk about as we go is position so I'll be able to demonstrate how to assess your position after the Charleston and then as the game progresses so that we know the level of risk we can take when playing the game so in this particular delt hand it's going to be challenging because we have no multiples we have a widespread West one 2 689 in bams 2359 in cracks 2 four five6 in dots I would choose the predominant pattern and see what we have left over so if if these were my tiles I would play either two through six 2 three four five 3 four five6 something like that or I would play evens so let's just pull off the e first to see if there's any particular pattern that shows up so there's 2468 we have seven tiles towards 2468 and we have 18 32s 2 sixes we have two fives over here so because we have only one eight I think I would instead play consecutive run we have more tiles that we can use with consecutive run than we do with 2468 and it's much more efficient because you can go up or down in a sequence then with 2 468 you skip a number so you need specific tiles limited tiles so I think we should play consecutive Run 2 three four five 3 four5 5 six and let's just start there and see what happens we could even maybe do 1 2 3 4 but I'm thinking 2 three 4 five or 3 four5 six primarily because we have two fives and two sixes so that kind of pushes us up into higher numbers rather than going low with a one even though we do have 1 two 3 4 in here okay so we have three tiles we can p pass without having to let any of those tiles go so what we're looking for is three clear discards to pass and we have them right there it's a little bit risky because we have a 89 in mixed suits so it's not as bad is if we had like an eight crack with a nine crack this is not too awful bad but there is some risk there and that's okay there's going to be risk in every pass so now what we're going to be keeping an eye open for is a multiple because that's going to be the trigger for us to Target the multiple because American maang is a game of multiples PE pong Kong all over the card there's not a hand without them there's no hand with just singles even in the singles and pairs hands there are pairs so you want to leverage that strength multiples PA punong Kong so if one develops we're going to reassess we have a a multiple right here three crack so we completely now reassess we have a three crack pair so that's where I would start three crack pair with a three crack I see that we could maybe play a 369 hand let's just look quickly at 369 there are five tiles that we could use for three 69 but we also have one through five far more so I would give up the big numbers the sixes will go maybe even the red dragon because we won't be able to use that red dragon unless we get flowers and we have no flowers we have a gap and therefore that red dragon even though it's pretty it corresponds with cracks which we have 125 right there but without flowers that red dragon is useless so we're going to discard it and we're left here with one through five targeting three the three crack is the new strength and we have four discards so we stop the analysis just stop right there because we have three clear discards the red dragon a six Dot and a nine bam so we can pass it's a little bit risky but every pass has some level of risk you want to focus on developing your own hand first and then do the best you can with what you have left over and the sixes and the nine red dragon that's what we have left over so that would be the safest we could make it okay now we have a one bam paired up anytime you develop another multiple reassess we we did pick up a three dot so we have a three crack pair and a one bam pair hopefully we'll be able to use a one two three of some kind we have two clear discards so now we have all Keepers remaining after letting the six and the eight go so we need to let something go here with a one bam and the three crack one two three 4 I'm thinking 1 three five we could maybe try for little odds but we have no flowers and if we were to use a little odd hand let's say the Five Dot 135 MC suit Kongs with a pair of flowers that would be the third hand down we have no flowers so I wouldn't even think about playing that hand so the five dot might be a good discard we may not be able to use the one or we may not be able to use the three we have in here one two one two six hand down under consecutive run we could also do uh one two three four if we get a four crack so with one two one two or one two three 4 you know what if we get a white dragon we could maybe even play a year hand so I'd probably keep all the twos and threes so probably I would card Let's see we do have a hand in here by the way 1 two 3 4 or no no 2 three four five so it would be two three crack four five in dots so at the moment we probably should pick a hand I think what I would do here since we could do two three four five pong Kong pong Kong with cracks and dots I think I would let the five crack go we still have options with one two one2 we still could maybe do a yearand if we get a white dragon we could still do one two three four if we get a four crack so there's still a lot of potential here by giving up that five crack so let's let that go we did not get any keepers which means we can just stop the analysis and keep going so we're going to continue this r Dragon not helpful without flowers and we have no flowers so we're not keeping it we're going to pass all right we have a new multiple two new multiples two crack three crack four. five 2 three four five punung Kong Pung Kong no gaps three multiples so that's what I would probably focus on maybe the one band can be Joker bait later we have enough discards to think about that so let's pass Five crack with let's say a two Dot and a three dot we have two three crack four five dot second hand down on the right no Keepers let's pass south nine with a one let's see here 1 two 3 4 actually let's keep that one if we get a five bam we might be able to play that fourth hand down single pair pong one two 3 four. five bam so let's discard this two Dot and that is a great pass right there a wind a big number in one suit and a little number in a second suit this is the best kind of pass you can do we got a five crack back and two wins and we can pass fully here in the optional so let's pass the South the five and the Seven okay we did not get any keepers this is now where you want to a assess your position we have a hand with no gaps we have a weakness though two weaknesses actually because the three crack and the Five Dot need to be Kongs we have a pair of threes and a single five so those would be weaknesses no gaps but we do have weaknesses if we played one two three four. five bam that would have a gap we would need a five bam if we decided to play that hand I would still keep the one crack we have a pair we don't need we might be able to use this to help us get a joker maybe and we have four discards so we have four discards with Joker bait a hand with no gaps and a potential hand with a gap again we have weaknesses so I would say that we're probably um I would say we're an underdog on this one because even with Joker bait we don't know yet if that's going to be useful until we start seeing the discards so I'd say we're probably in an underdog which means we need to take a lowrisk approach we don't need wins at all so that's what we're going to start with for discarding okay so nobody wants the red dragon it went around in the Charleston that'll be a good discard if I'm not playing wins those go first and then the dragons and then the year tiles that's the the the um I call it a triage that's the order in which I discard winds if you're not using them then dragons and then year tiles and the reason is that winds and Dragons since they're in fewer hands are less likely going to be an exposures with Jokers and I want to optimize my potential to get Jokers because they're going to help me build my or develop my hand so the three dot would be an example of a year tile year tiles are predominant this year two 2023 there's two twos in there and and they the 2023 is also in the biggest hand on the card and I want to try to sabotage that hand I don't want to pay 75 cents or 75 points to somebody or even discard into that and pay double I don't want to do that so that's why I include year tiles as my first discards if I'm not using them clearly if I'm going to use it I'll keep it like for example we might be able to do one two crack three four dot so let's keep the the three dot so we're going to ignore this red dragon we don't we don't need that no flower flower oh there's a Kong up there Kong of flowers that's a good thing to notice and incidentally that would be a red flag that robot that person let's call him Joe his name is Joe Curtis excuse me they made an early dis an early exposure a pure Kong of flowers so they're committing early they're either RI taking a big risk in a Kong of flowers because that's going to limit their hands they could play or they have a well-developed hand which could also be the case so that would be a red flag that's an example of a red flag so we need to try to watch what Kurt Joe is discarding to see if we can figure out which hand that uses four flowers could they be playing there are several on the card you can look and and see yourself the hands with four flowers on it okay or in it all right here's a white dragon we're GNA pass of course we got a nine dot but we want to let the wind go okay five bam that would be a keeper if we were to play the fourth hand down but there's nothing we can do about that and probably I would take that hand off the option list okay pair of red dragon nobody wanted the red dragon so you might think oh Joker B no that has no power because a red dragon was discarded plus it went around during the Charleston just because you have an unwanted pair doesn't make it Joker bait it has no power in this case because nobody wants the red dragon okay we don't need big numbers okay so we have we've had one two three discards so we're still in the begin game to the right West Expo made an exposure that's another red flag so we have two robots who have made exposures in the begin game red flags which further solidifies that we are likely an underdog so we need to continue with a lowrisk approach for this hand okay so we'll let the red dragon go now this six crack would probably be a good discard because of what this player on the right has so probably I would discard that next okay now that would be potentially one of our tiles we're not going to be able to call it so one of our tiles is out okay we have a six crack that we can let go of this nine dot might be able to give us an opportunity for a joker exchange either the one or the nine we'll see we're at 78 tiles remaining Joker bait typically is ideal the timing for Joker bait ideally is in the middle of the game 60 tiles remaining so we have a few picks before they kind of need to simmer a little bit we got to give our opponents time to gather tiles so they can call that's how Joker bait works also consider that nine crack has been discarded that would be like numbers around potential Joker bait and there's no interest so that kind of weakens that particular Joker bait also we now have a pong of one bams that also weakens Joker bait because what that means is that our opponents if they have a one they and they don't have enough Jokers to call to make an exposure that's not going to give us that opportunity for a joker exchange so in this case even though it's a pong we have stronger potential with 2 three four so we're going to let that one bam go right now and let's just see what happens with it there's no interest whatsoever so I would discard those next all right so we we the the four is in our range but we're not interested in bams we're working with cracks and dots it seems that nobody wants nines but the nine dot we don't know yet about that because our opponent on the right for example Wes they could be playing big odds maybe they want the nine dot we don't know yet okay so let's hold the seven and let the one go there's a seven bam out also so that'll probably be a good discard okay now that for us would probably be a Kong and we're not ready so we have to let it go although it could be a pong if we played the fourth hand down single pair pong one two three crack four. Kong five bam Kong but we have no five bam that's a gap n one is out so I would not consider calling that at all because that is a huge weakness okay here we have a keeper three dot one two crack 34 dot let's let the one bamboo okay we don't need that that would be our tile but we're not ready for it okay so let's see the seven bam is already out we're going to let that go okay so the player on our left AGA has not had any exposures yet that could also be a red flag by the way they could be playing a pair hand they could be playing a concealed hand which means that hand value is going to go up so there's risk there they could also not be ready which is kind of where we're at okay we don't want wins it looks like nobody wants wins so those should always be safe discards for now for this hand okay 8. 6.9 okay we're at 56 tiles remaining let's let the nine. go and see if we can get a joker exchange opportunity no so we'll let that go next that would be a miss that is a missed a joker bait Miss okay let's let the nine go here's two 2 three 4 One Two Three we're still just going to gather and watch observe so we have a p a Kong of flowers and a flower discarded so five are out now nine dot nobody wanted we're at 48 tiles the six Dot and the eight dot those are those have not been discarded yet we clearly don't need them so I think we should discard them there we go there's a pure Kong over there I would discard let's see so they're doing they have a seven crack 8 dot s crack pong so they're playing let's see here 7878 7 crack8 crack punong Kong 7.8 do punong Kong they're playing punong Kong punong Kong second hand down in two suit oh no no sixth hand down so we're going to still let the six Dot and nine dot go next so they're playing 78 78 on the right so that's six flower out nobody wants nine dot Green Dragon dragons typically I let go of early because they gain risk as the game progresses so I'm going to let that that green dragon go first seems like nobody wants dragons Okay now here's Joker's up for grabs that is another red flag they're risking two jokers in an exposure just before the end game that is an a an assertive maneuver basically so that is a red flag and we need to probably switch to defense we need to fold and play defensively our goal when when we fold is to SA sabotage we want to discard as safely as possible to try to keep our opponents from developing their hand since they have a Kong of sixes we're now going to hold that six dot because they could be playing like numbers with sixes four flowers like numbers with sixes firsthand under that is probably what they're doing I mean it could be they could be playing a 369 hand or they could be playing something consecutive so I probably would not discard that Five Dot either because they could be doing four five six MC soup Kongs all right well let's discard this or let's let this go we're we're folding we've got two players with two exposures each and we we have a hand in here 2 three four five or one two three four but it has weaknesses let's get a joker and we know nobody wants nine dot because it's two are out so our our super risky tile right now is that six dot if it if it is discarded and our opponent Joe doesn't take it then we can discard it and play to win so right now we're probably gonna be folding we're going to play a fold most likely but if someone discards the six Dot and Joe doesn't take it we might be able to discard it and then play to win especially now that we have a joker okay now here I was thinking that nobody wanted winds and there's a South it's the East and wests that are out no Norths are out and there's a South out so AGA is playing a wind hand and they have an exposure almost in the end game we're at the last pick of the third wall and they made an exp exposure which means they're playing to win if anybody at this stage of the game end of the third wall going into the fourth wall if anybody makes an exposure assume that they're playing to win so we have three players playing to win and we have weakness so we should fold all right now we have a one crack so we have one two three four it looks like nobody wants the two dot with a Pung of souths this should be safe even though it's oh yeah here it is right there there are two out we might be able to throw the three crack too so we have one two three four the Five Dot was thrown we might be able to unfold and play to win because we have this Joker we could Pung the one crack and the three Dot we could Kong the two or the four but not both so what we want to see here is someone we want someone to discard a six dot because that is going to be risky we are officially in the end game 40 tiles remaining that's risky okay we got a four crack let's see none are out five dot let's throw that okay there's four crack so now if no one takes it we'll throw it so that that'll be a safe discard for us that is going to be very risky now seven dot the player on our right 7878 they want that tile flowers it appears nobody wants we have 27 tiles remaining Joker oh my goodness this hand really turned on a dime because now we have potential to win but we have two risky tiles this player across from us I think they're playing like numbers with sixes how many six bams are out let's see here one no six dots are out and one six bam is out north and south to the left they could they're probably playing North and South with a run maybe they're playing 456 let's see what happens here let's let's call and just see what happens I'm still hoping someone will discard a six or a seven okay let's Pung all right now oh I want to play to win of course I do 1 two 3 4 six dot okay now this is where you think about that risk Matrix there are no six dots out and there are no seven dots out this is going to be a we have two exposures so this is going to be a to uh intolerable impact I should not have made that exposure we should fold we're folding I do not want to throw those tiles if you know if you have risky tiles that are going to have an intolerable impact and they are a probable keeper for your opponent fold I should not have made these exposures but I wanted to win so I did it no regrets though we're just going to fold at this point okay 8 bam 8 bam well let's throw the one we know nobody wanted that okay here look six dot they want it so now we can let it go okay we still have a risky tile so I don't regret folding all right that would have given them a win all right so we did not discard the winning time tile so I'd say we did good even though we didn't win all right let's play again all right what do we have another widespread so we look for the predominant pattern we have Northwest South white dragon two bam three crack some year potential in there we also have 6789 there's some 2468 in here but it's really really light I think what I would do is focus on probably winds or maybe a yearand and I would let probably we have like numbers with sixes 65 eight let's let the seven oh that's really risky let's let the let's see here let's let a six dot go actually let's let the six crack go all right we'll start here let's see what happens okay WIS we're going to probably play wins so there's news so let's pass one of each suit 4 five8 oh we got a two that that could be useful let's do 579 maybe the six would be better in there at least there's an even tile in there it's going to be probably six one half dozen the other okay no no Keepers this time we're gonna keep going so let's do 457 let's see here we have news three I'm thinking news concealed here's North and a two okay I'm thinking news concealed we have a one or a three that we can use with the two that's going to mean we we're going to pass a white dragon this is a little bit risky but we have a hand with no gaps and we have our singles okay so let's pass two n and then let's see here it's kind of 6 one half dozen the other really let's let the one go okay we have an option with the three bam there's an East there's an option to play maybe the firsthand I think what I would do here is pass two we're kind of in between the first hand and the concealed hand okay two three with news probably there goes our tile right away we're playing concealed oh what where what is our position we are Let's see we have let's put these number tiles to the left so we can just differentiate them a little bit we have an option with our three we have a a news with no gaps we have an extra East so I would say we have three clear discard cards with an option so I would say we're probably a contender for this hand and again we're playing the concealed news hand there's a joker and by the way begin game red flag oh Tu B we passed that and somebody kept it we'll get rid of it another early exposure so they're playing 4567 pong Kong pong Kong 4567 pun Kong pun Kong second hand down on the right two exposures red flag okay six crack nine crack let's throw nine crack we're good there we can let the seven go they're playing bams and dots over there we don't know yet what the other two are doing we can take a Joker thank you okay now here's another exposure now we're this is one one two I'm counting blocks of four one two three four discards or four rounds of picks so we're still in the begin game the first five picks typically are going to be the that second wall so AGA made an early exposure that's a red flag so we have two robots with probable well-developed hands ours is will develop too we have two discard or three this East needs to go we have three discards I would say we're we could be a front runner with one good pick I'd still say we're a contender because we're playing a concealed hand we have to draw really well okay for bam my guess is they're not ready to win this early so I'm going to risk it so I took the risk because because we're a contender we can take greater risk if we were an underdog I might try to find a way to use that for because this player across from us they needed that four um there's another one of our tiles being discarded right there now another one I would probably let that go now and focus on the three crack or focus on news pong Kong pong Kong or Kong pong pong Kong wait a minute it's either Kong pong pong Kong or pong Kong Kong pong okay two crack we really don't need that at all let's see a six crack is on the left we don't know what they're doing yet two three three let's throw the four okay nobody wants the three bam okay now we have we're in the middle game now third wall so that's not that big of a red flag once they have two exposures then it will increase so here we need to decide do we want to play an exposable hand or do we want to stay concealed and play that concealed hand if we expose I would probably play the pong Kong Kong pong and we would be able to act on the North and the South and then maybe the East if we want a chance a greater chance of winning we probably should call this and switch to an exposable hand because our our opponents all have exposures they're Expediting their hand development we can do the same so let's let's do it let's pong we're going to play the firsthand so we're going to now let the risky tiles go maybe maybe the two dot will give us some Joker exchange potential let's throw the two crack here let's call okay so now IGN we can call the East but we need help with West we don't need one crack at all it's out so in two more picks 60 tiles remaining that's when we're going to discard one of the uh this two dot maybe our opponent on the left agota maybe they're playing a some kind of a 2468 hand who knows I suppose probably not though with a Kong of sixes if so they would need pairs of twos we probably should let those go right now because of the K of sixes if you look at the evens if they're even in that category the twos are pairs for them with Kongs of sixes because the sixes with pongs of twos would be pongs third hand down so and a two won't go all the way up to a six unless they're playing the fourth hand down and again let's see 2 three four it would be a pair so we need to expedite the develop the discarding of these Tils we need to escalate them as discards so let's Let It Go okay it's already out we're good okay dragons we don't want to hold dragons three dot is out let's throw to let's see here we're at 53 tiles remaining 40 tiles remaining is the end game The Last wall so we're still in the middle game I think our riskiest tile right now we don't have one the threes are out nobody these players are not going to want to one and then the three dot is already out so these all these are probably safe okay now for crack that could be could be a keeper no okay we'll call we'll call okay now we need West nine bam I see one out okay one crack is out we're we're in the end game now 40 tiles remaining last wall oh we're gonna need a joker now we got it we got a joker I'd say we should play to win push we'll push there are two jokers up for grabs right now oh somebody got it we got close though one away all right so five six seven eight all right we're gonna go play another game we have two pair twos and eights so we should play either 2 46 8 or 789 of some kind we actually have a hand in here already 7899 7899 second hand from the bottom because we have no fours or sixes that two dot is not going to be helpful we have like numbers with fives I think what we should do is let the green dragon go with a two and one of the five I don't want to get stuck with a pair we have a hand with no gaps thanks for coming Karen okay so now let's keep the eights that's in our range 789 and let's break break up the two we'll give it to somebody else so two five ah let's well no let's do that because we don't want to do a two four and one suit either okay we got a keeper the nine crack let's throw North Green with a four we got an eight so we have eight n in here and we have like numbers with twos I would probably discard this eight crack and do 258 like that we have a eight bam pair we a pong we may not use both eights we got the two a two crack pair now I would not pass like numbers here I would let the eight bam go because we have a hand with no gaps we have 78 Paar pair Pung n Pung N 9 with flowers we need help with flowers but we have no gaps really the flowers would be the weakness we have a weakness too with a seven manam that needs to be a pair so we have two weaknesses okay we have tiles we can pass we could do 51 but I think it'd be better to break up the 23 because if we get Keepers I don't want to pass a two three in one suit we got we keep getting like numbers yikes okay now we're doing the optional West four with a one that's a pretty good pass we got the eight back so we'll keep it if we get a seven dot we could play 789 mixu Kongs fifth hand down on the right okay so it looks like let's see if someone discards oh we got a flower that's awesome we don't know yet if someone kept that two well someone did keep the two let's Let It Go okay I would not call that with a joker there are plenty of flowers left we're just going to wait I'd rather hold that joker for the nine dot we could Pung the nine crack and the nine Dot and the four the flower we can use a joker or maybe draw another flower for a pure Kong later I would not take that okay now three crack was just discarded we have a pair here somebody still might want a three crack and they're just not ready to call it cuz we're still in the begin game so let's just hold the three crack for a little bit and see what happens happens none of the robots are making early exposures at the moment which is interesting there's an early exposure with a joker red flag that is a red flag okay six S8 nine not not helpful really that's that really the six bam is not going to be helpful unless we play 6 seven8 flowers and let the nine crack go let's just wait and see how we draw we're good Let It Go so there are two flowers out we'll keep an eye on flowers we got a joker so let's let the three crack go all right good choice oh we don't want to hold on to this this is going to get more and more risky as the game goes on Wes may take it but that's okay I don't think they're ready to win this early so we're going to let it go now so they W ready to take it and my guess with two souths out is that they're playing East and West with a run let's let the 6 PM go we're looking for nines we got a nine band but that's out here we don't we don't need that there are two nine B out that's a pair for us we're going to ignore it we got a keeper all right so now if a if a one a flower goes down I would call at this point we have two discards we have an extra AP bam I would love to draw that seven bam that's a weakness right now it's our only weakness we have one weakness we'll call and P okay so they just got the West Joker so now they have another Joker three three crack nobody wants so we're looking for a flower and then we'll be ready to win on a 7 PM okay nobody wants one dot or three if a flower goes down will'll Kong I'm hoping we'll draw so they're doing 789 7 do or 6789 there are two6 dots out and there's a seven dot out that's our tile there's only one more oh no seven Dot three exposures this is a there's one out this would be an intolerable impact intolerable high risk we need a pair of sevens and there's only one more we fold we got the seven we play a win we got lucky we're ready to win now that weakness filled in so that bumped us up in position so we want a flower or a joker you know what hold the phone one two how many seven dots oh two two seven dots are out all right so their hand is still viable seemingly okay now that that was risky agota is playing to win exposure with a Joker in the end game that is a red flag it doesn't matter though because we maang all right so AGA on the left is ready to win on an eight crack to the right ready to win on a six dot across from us one away from ready with a six dot okay I hope that you're finding this helpful please let me know in the comment section below what you think about highrisk sabotage the red flags and position and let me know if that has helped you in any way rewatch this if it if it is a little overwhelming watch it again if it is overwhelming and it's still not making sense or it's just too overwhelming just wait until you've gained confidence with the game and then watch it later and we're going to do this repeatedly so when you're ready you'll be able to watch the videos and try to incorporate these Concepts in your playing style so here we have a pair of sixes so that is where we start yep I folded and unfolded because we we strengthened a weakness and although that discard was high risk it was a intolerable risk but we are ready to win with that weakness taken care of and we were on a multiple weight where we could have one on a flower which the robots were discarding flowers and we could have also have gotten a joker so I thought it was worth the risk and I took it um okay so now six Dot and we have 34 five we have a hand in here already 34 five in bams 67 crack so let's start there we have four five six let's throw the nine yeah in Maan you can unfold okay we have a eight eight crack pair so I would reassess here we have six Dot and an eight dot we have two clear discards so now we have to make a choice with a six Dot and an eight dot or eight crack 3 four five we have a hand with no gaps so that's what I would focus on 3 four five six 7 okay no Keepers 68 no I would not keep these okay still no Keepers Here's 2 three4 that can kind of give us an option if we happen to get a a five crack let's keep going okay no Keepers here seven bam 4.9 these really are not helpful this is a little bit risky 79 okay we have a Five Dot so we have three four five six no gaps three four so I'd let the two go here and pass fully all right we have a six bam four five I would just fold it all in here okay 3 four five6 and bams four five6 and dots 78 and cracks we have three through eight that's way too wide of a spread we have one multiple the six dot I'd say we're an underdog on this game we're going to play some kind of a consecutive hand I would say probably the eight crack is our clear discard at the moment now we have a pair of flowers I would play a hand with flowers for sure so I think with a six dot pair and what we have remaining I would say mixit Kongs or four five6 here's four five six one suit Kongs or we could do five bam six dot seven crown mxit Kongs so three discards and two hands potentially okay wow four flowers out yikes okay now we have four five six we H we let's see 5 six7 we do have another hand in here now second hand from the bottom flowers 5. 6.77 four flowers are out we got a joker let's see here I'm thinking we should do four five or five 677 CU we can we can call a discard for the flower we can call for both sevens leaving us ready to win on a five I would play to win and I would say we're probably a front runner at this point our hand is is set we are going to be probably exposing Jokers which is a bit risky okay now nobody has exposures that is a bit of a red flag let's hope that they're still working on Gathering there's an exposure with a joker that was quick they go so quick there is an exposure with two jokers that is a red flag if someone makes an exposure with multiple Jokers they're Expediting so I would say that would be a red flag green is out we need to draw that Five Dot so somebody got a joker we're good there we got a keeper will call a pong we're one away from ready I'd say we're a front runner we're still in the middle game that's our tile but we're not ready nice okay we're ready to win on a five dot ready to win before the end of the third wall this is that that I guess it's a guideline if you can be ready to win by the end of the third wall if you're thinking that you're a front runner and you make that goal I would say that that confirms your assessment of where you are we're ready to win and the all these uh I believe all the robots have been throwing flowers even though we don't I don't know why I said that we don't need a flower we need a Five Dot nobody wants the Five Dot so I think we're going to be okay here but we're waiting on one tile I would risk any discard I would play to win here somebody threw the Five Dot just a little while ago now if any of these are discarded I might stay concealed because if we reveal if we make an exposure with jokers in the end game we risk an exchange Mak giving our opponents the ability to further develop their hand so so I would probably not call any of these and just keep the Jokers to myself we're waiting for a Five Dot we're g to let it go we want to Five Dot oh somebody got it it was in the wall all right let's try to play one more game okay we have news we have news and then we have 358156 378 like numbers with eights like numbers with fives like numbers with threes news we have news and a flower let's see here this is going to be a challenging one I think I would focus on number tiles news oh maybe a yearand because there there are year hands with winds Kongs we could maybe play the concealed hand so let's keep the five of the threes and then maybe do let's see here yeah we could do that one this is a tough one all right so there's an East and we have a two so we have our first multiple and East so that confirms a wind hand of some kind so let's pass 586 another East and we have a three we could do East and West with the year maybe maybe a South okay now we need to let something go we have a red a nine since we have a a pong of East I would probably let one of the threes go let's see what happens here we ended up with a six crack pair there is some potential in here for East and West with a run but that would require us to pass a two three with a one I wouldn't I don't think I would do that I think I'd rather try for East and West with the year that would even use the flower so I would break up the six okay we're going to pass three oh well now look what showed up 234 East and West okay we have a one two three well one two three matching Dragon even we have one discard but we have options we're in between hands or really in between categories even I would say a wind hand or maybe East and West with the year so I would say that we have at least four discards if not more because we're kind of in between I would say we're going to be an underdog until we draw more tiles we have we have too many discards right now we don't know if we're going to play winds or maybe a yearand with winds if we play a yearand with winds we don't need the North and South we'd have to let a pearo I think I would rather play a wind hand all winds so that would mean we'd have five six discards red all right let's let the one crack go we have east and west with the dragon here going down hard okay so there's a a early exposure here no joker though another early exposure red flags okay there's a two crack pair let's throw the let's see here we may be able to do East and West with a run let's throw the dragon we could also maybe do East and West with the year although there are three white dragons out so if I don't think I would play a year hand here I would play probably East and West with 234 or all wins and let the number tiles go so there's another early exposure with a joker another red flag two exposures now one with two jokers big red flag so I would there's another exposure with a joker so I would bump us back probably to Underdog at this point unless we're able to get these Jokers to help us with East and West with a run that three crack is our tile and we can't call it it's a pair for us yeah one no we don't want that okay now I don't think we want this flower any way we slice and dice this so let's Let It Go now we got a South so with South in here I probably would play maybe the firstand and let the number tiles go unless we draw three crack let's see what are they playing here 4 six four five six7 I think they're doing four five six s here to the right in one suit on the left five six s eight let's throw this eight bam now five cracks six cracks seven bam eight bam on the left they seem to like the pong Kong hands okay now here we have one suit Kongs all the robots have two exposures that's a red flag okay now we're the 71 tiles this is probably going to be used by Agoda for four or five six seven eight so if we're going to play to win we need to let this go now may call it but I don't think they're ready to win I would be surprised so they weren't ready but they need that tile okay AGA got the Joker okay this should be safe nobody's going to want that a eight we're not ready for the north I was just thinking maybe maybe if we get flowers we can cord because we could maybe still try for that flower hand with winds on second thought no regrets though oh we have a winner oh it's that one Su it's the dragon hand all right I think that'll do it for this live stream we're at the top of the hour so I hope that you found this helpful I know that it is a bit more advanced than usual please give me some feedback let me know if you think this should be a topic for Prime Time rather than for beginners I'm kind of leaning that way but I need another I need another beginner skill or St tactics I guess that we could focus on to swap it out thank you so much for being here with me I appreciate it and maybe on both okay Advance says Sue I'm kind of thinking it is Advanced it's pretty Advanced just as I was sharing it because I've never I've not shared this topic before and so I I'm thinking it's pretty Advanced touch on it before moving to the advanced do you mean refine it I know there's a couple corrections I need to make in there but I think it's good good I think the tactics are good the focus is good but I do think it's Advanced so if you're a beginner and you're overwhelmed by it I apologize and I'll see if I can arrange things a little differently and move this to Prime Time like an introduction to Future lessons all right lots to think about moderators thank you so much for being here don't concentrate but say this is still being Advanced oh okay I see all right the next time we meet for nitty-gritty Basics let me just pull up let me share my screen here hold on okay oh okay here we go website so I just want to go to the Matrix if you look for the Matrix you'll see the schedule right here America rajang skills and strategies Matrix okay so here we go skills and strategies Matrix I saw your comment there kind of do a multi-level so make that a level two like level one and level two kind of simplify it and still cover it on a simplified level I think is what you're talking about Evelyn like a 101 and a 2011 or one 101 and yeah anyway okay so let's see the next time we meet you look for the ex's and we're going to do Skill Builders next next week we're going to be talking about Skill Builders so join us again next Monday this will be a new uh Focus so join us again and we'll be able to play at I love Mars they've got an excellent exercise room so if you want to practice between now and then go to I love Ma and when you sign up use MJ life you'll get three weeks free trial and I am an affiliate partner there so I will get a small compensation or compensation I'll get a small commission if you decide to become a paid member all right and we'll be back again at 4: we're GNA do a marathon we're going to do marathons we're going to talk about competitive play for prime time time so that will probably be more advanced if you're an intermediate player you might enjoy it and for any of those players who have a competitive streak it'll be a good one for you too so I hope to see you back again at 4 in the meantime thank you so much for watching my videos and for sharing about this Channel with your friends if you like this video give me a thumbs up if you haven't subscribed to my channel consider subscribing click the little gray Bell if you do that way you'll get notification for when I post new videos and you won't miss an opportunity to learn a new strategy or pick up an insight to the game that could give you an advantage at the table between now and the next video may all your picks Bee Keepers he [Music]

he for for he hey in this nitty gritty basics let us play live stream we are going to be playing american majan using the national maj on league card at i love mage the nitty gritty basics demonstrations are all done at i love mj because they have a wonderful exercise room we will be using charleston decision making probably next week because today is topic is on high risk sabotage and that is going to require watching what the robots are doing at the table so we are going to be reactive today highrisk sabotage that is the topic for today it is a little bit more advanced than i usually share so you will have to let me know if you are a beginner if you find this overwhelming and if it is just pick and choose one or 2 to tactics to help you begin thinking strategically on how you can block your opponents from hand development while you still develop your own hand and decide if you are going to play to win or fold please write your comments in the chat as we go and if you are watching the repost 1st thank you for that and then also write your comments below the video and i will be happy to answer any questions you might have you can also join us on facebook if you use social media because we do talk through a lot of strategies and rules on facebook you can find links in the video description below i want to say thank you again for watching my videos channel members thank you so much for supporting mj life and moderators thank you for being here to help moderate the chat today is format is nitty gritty so no socialization if you like gameplay with social socialization and shenanigans join us on fridays starting at 6 pm eastern time all right let us get started i am going to share my screen 0 i have already got it let us see here right here there we go highrisk sabotage can you hear me okay somebody give me a a go in chat to let me know that you can hear me i can do a quick test also hold on y okay i got my hi mona all right great here we go hi your sabotage buckle up when you are playing this game the object of the game of course is to complete a winning hand secondarily you want to not lose you do not want to throw a winning tile and you want to try to keep your opponents from developing their hand and that is what high risk sabotage is all about the highrisk part is when you sense that your opponents are getting close to a winning hand and we are going to talk about how you can tell the 1st step is you need to be aware of red flags the next step is you are going to assess your position then observe tells next choose tactics and then lastly you are going to take action so we are going to step through these and then we will do demonstrations at i love maage with robots awesome sandra thank you okay so beware of red flags what are the red flags during the charleston one red flag is if an opponent is passing blind that can be an indicator that they have a well developed hand so they do not have enough tiles to pass they do not want to give away a keeper now keep in mind here that they could be in between categories or in between hands that could also indicate that particular situation but you want to think about the worst case scenario and plan for that so if someone is passing blind the best way to interpret that if you if you know them especially eventually you will be able to determine whether they are in between or if they know what they are playing and sometimes a tell for this is their speed in passing their their physical action so if somebody for example after receiving a pass they quickly take 2 tiles and then take one tile to supplement that pass there is like no delay to me that would be an indicator that they probably have a well developed hand now if they delay and they are thinking about what to do and then they pass maybe 2 and supplement if there is a delay there that could be an indicator that they are in between so think about speed with their action s passing blind that is one red flag the next would be stopping the charleston this is a big red flag and typically when experienced players stop the charleston they have a well developed hand very rarely will an experienced player stop the charleston if they are in between there is a disclaimer here though because there are some experienced players who stop the charleston as a tactic they do that consistently and when that occurs they are harming their own hand development potentially as well as the hand development of their opponents so so even though they can slow the hand development for their opponents they are doing the same thing to themselves because they are denying themselves the opportunity to potentially improve their dealt hand further with 12 more tiles up to 12 because after this 1st left you are going to pass left across right in that last right you can pass blind and in the optional cross you negotiate with your opponent across from you up to 3 tiles many times when someone stops the charleston the opponent sitting opposite will not pass tiles to that player because they need they assume that the player has a well developed hand that is why i say up to 12 some people might think well really is not it 9 no not necessarily because some opponents will exchange tiles it is best not to though because they could be near a a ready hand so consider that the next flag is that in the optional across they negotiate low so here is an example i am sitting across from you and i pass one blind in the 1st left that is the 1st red flag then i think a moment and i say i want to stop the charleston that is the 2nd red flag then i pause and i am reactive i wait for my opponent to offer a pass and if they do not offer which i expect that they will not but if they do not then i might say would you like any tiles i do not say how many i want yet i just say would you like any tiles and they are going to decline or they are going to negotiate so if they say sure i will take 3 and then i might say how about 2 so that would be a low negotiation if i say one say no thank you really if i say even 2 or 3 say no thank you because the likelihood is that i have a well developed hand so these are the red flags during the charleston opponents passing blind opponents stopping the charleston and opp opponents negotiating low 3 red flags if any of these occur you need to be mindful of that going into the next phase of the game and that is what we are going to talk about next in the play the play is after east discards that 1st tile so east discards and now we are going to be playing so here are the red flags that occur in this phase of the game any post exposure discard i need to add one to this is an early exposure if somebody makes an exposure when the short wall is in play that would be the 2nd wall that is a red flag because they are willing to risk giving away information and also many times that 1st exposure could have joker so they are going to risk losing a joker in an early exposure so an early exposure and then post exposure discards you want to watch the relationship to their exposure so like if i let us say someone discards a 7 bam and i call it and i expose a kong with a joker of 7 bams and then i discard a 6 bam you can assume that i am either playing maybe a executive runand in mix suits or big odds so it will help you identify what category they are playing or maybe the pattern of their hand and you are going to continue to watch their discards so an early exposure is the 1st red flag then the postexposure discard is another red flag and incidentally these will continue through the game next an opponent making more than one exposure the more exposures someone has the easier it is going to be to identify their category and their hand eventually because you are going to watch those exposures and by process of elimination figure out what category they are playing and then maybe even what hand they are playing if you know the card well lastly if opponents start discarding jokers that is another big red flag typically that is going to mean that they are either playing a joker is hand or they could be waiting on a single tile or maybe they are waiting to complete a pair so you should have heightened awareness and defense with that last bullet for sure that last red flag if anyone discards a joker so what do you do with all of that you are going to assess your position your position in the game is going to be based on the hand development after the charleston so after the charlest after you have received all your passes and you have hopefully improved your dealt hand you are going to assess your position and you are going to do that by counting your discards so whatever category you are playing at this stage of the game probably you may not have picked a hand yet maybe you have if you have just count your discards if you have more than 4 discards at at the begin game when east discards their 1st tile or during that 2nd wall the short wall you are likely an underdog in the game you are probably trailing behind the pack take a lowrisk approach until you have a hand with no gaps and few weaknesses and we are going to look at some examples of this so this would be the underdog position low risk you are going to take low low risk and depending on how things go with your opponents and what they reveal you can either increase your control of risk or you can pull back and take more risks depending on what happens at the table if you have 4 discards you are likely a contender for that game this means you can take a moderate risk approach and expedite your hand development and that would mean claiming discards and making exposures to help quicker quicken hand development expedite hand development by using discards keep in mind that every exposure you make is going to reveal information just like your opponents so for discards you are likely a contender if if you have less than 4 you are likely a front runner for that hand regardless of risk expedite hand development so for example let us say you are in that begin game and someone discards a joker and you can make an exposure with a kong someone discards a tile and you can make an exposure with jokers let us say you want to u make an exposure with kongs and a couple of jokers it is okay to risk that because you are a front runner with only 4 discards after that exposure you discard and now you have only 3 and the game is still in that 1st short wall so being a front runner means that you can take more risks let us look at some examples so here up in the right corner you see the short wall that is a bird is eye view of a table short wall in that upper right corner and this is the hand after the charleston we have odds odds the 1st odd hand in one suit and we could maybe even play 5s n in one suit if we maybe get a red dragon for example so let us just say the 1st odd hand in one suit and we would have 4 discards really 5 because we have an extra extra 9 crack so because there are 5 we are an underdog so we want to take a low risk approach if this were our hand the weakness for this hand right now is the one crack we need a pair for that and we have only one that would be an example of a weakness another weakness is the 5 crack because for this hand that needs to be a kong we have 2 but we can not call anything so that would be example of another weakness so this particular hand even though there are no gaps there are 2 weaknesses until we get another one crack or maybe draw a 5 crack or a joker and then we can act on the 3 crack and pong kong the 5 pong the 7 and be ready to win maybe on that 5 or that one crack so kind of plan it through in your head briefly and and see see where the hand can go what might happen as you continue to develop but in this case because we have 5 discards we should assume that we are in that underdog position and take a lowrisk approach all right next we are going to look at this example we have winds and dragons number 7 this would be the concealed hand the concealed hand we have news we have extra east because we only need singles there and then we have a pung of 7s and an 8 dot so in this case we have 4 discards so we would be a contender we could take a little bit of a higher risk here even though it is a concealed hand we have got our singles all we need to do is build we need tiles to help with the 8 dot the north and that is it so so we could get jokers maybe through picking or joker exchanges so we would be a contender if this were our hand 4 discards here is another example we have like numbers number 2 we have a couple of jokers and then we have 3 pairs of ones and dragons we are missing one dragon the white dragon and we have 2 discards 2 we would be a front runner here so we can take any level of risk and just play at will in this case this is a concealed hand maybe we could since we have 2 jokers we could kong these ones and discard the flowers in which case that would put us back to a contender because with the dragons if we decide to play the exposable hand we would have 4 discards so that would be an example of taking this hand a different route to expedite hand development let us say for example someone puts up a pong of white dragons that is going to limit your ability to get that last dragon so you might switch to the exposable hand and that would that would basically mean the 2 dragons would become discards so your position is going to change depending on the decisions that you make and what happens at the table let us look at another example we have a consecutive run hand and the consecutive run hand for this one is the 2nd hand down on the right 12 in dots 34 and cracks pong kong pong kong we have another pair on the left but we have 4 multiples that can be used for that 2nd hand down so i would earmark the 2s the 2 cracks as potential joker bait which is another tactic that we may be able to demonstrate later when we play the game at i love m but here you would discard one of these 2s in the middle of the game and maybe someone will make an exposure with a joker and then you can do a joker exchange with the other tile that is called joker bab and that particular tactic was coined by tom sloper of sloperama so thank you tom for that so in this particular case we have 5 discards however 3 of those discards are clear and the other 2 are joker bait so we have the potential of getting a joker so the c the the categorization is a little bit different i would would say we have 3 discards with joker bait and to me that would make us a front runner because if we do get that joker then we are just going to confirm that we are in we are advancing so we have 3 clear discards the 2 cracks we are going to hold on to a little bit and see maybe if we could get jokers there so this would be an example of a front runner because we have joker bait and that of course is going to depend on what happen s at the table if somebody in the begin game or even the early part of the middle game discards a 2 crack and nobody wants it well then it is going to become a discard and you are going to adjust your position accordingly you might put yourself back to being a a contender bump back if something happens with the potential for joker bait just bump yourself back to contender so that you are prepared to take the appropriate level of risk with as you develop your hand okay any questions about position underdog more than 4 discards contender 4 discards front runner less than 4 discards so the magic number there is 4 under 4 or i am sorry over 4 would be an underdog 4 would be a contender less than 4 would be a front runner any questions i do not see any questions so we are going to keep going we are going to start talking about sabotage okay here we go you it is going to be really important for you to learn how to compartmentalize the game and using hop toys strategy by wall is a good way to do that so the strategy by wall originally was introduced to the community by tom sloper and i have used that strategy myself and over time have added my own tactics to it which is why i call it strateg h hop toys strategy by wall so the charleston is what i call the pregame this is before east discards the 1st tile the game does not officially begin until that point so the charleston is a pregame hand development expediter that charleston the whole purpose of the charleston is to help you further develop your delt hand so that when the game begins with east discard and the game kind of slows down where you pick one tile at a time getting these these 3 tiles up to let us see 39 10 times let us see i am sorry 7 passes so right across left left across right and then the optional across that is 7 passes up to 21 tiles you are going to be able to further develop your hand to some degree hopefully so that is what happens during the pregame or the charleston then we have the begin game which is the short wall 2nd wall here you want to you know after the charleston you are going to assess your position and then when east discards you are going to hopefully know at least what category you are playing and then if you can pick a hand by the end of the 2nd wall if you can sometimes it is not possible that is okay just continue continue to gather and build the middle game is the 3rd wall if you can try to be ready to win by the end of the 3rd wall that is a good goal it is it is hard to do but it is good to set your sights there build with the end of mind basically try to be ready to win by the end of the 3rd wall if you can and then the end game which is the last wall actually here i just want to mention if you are not ready to win by that end of the 3rd wall adjust your position and bump back so that you can focus on sabotage if you have 4 discards and you are at the end of the 3rd wall or maybe you do not even know what hand you are playing yet make yourself an underdog and switch to sabotage basically fold your hand and discard safely and then maybe the next hand you will have a better start and be ahead by this point for the next game live to fight another day basically so and i need to add the end game which is the 4th wall in that 4th wall that is where you really want to heighten defense and decide if you are going to play to win or fold and discard as safely as possible to keep your opponents from further developing their hand so now we are going to talk about how to observe tells this is kind of where the beginning of the sabotage because you have got to gather information it is going to require you to observe what is happening at the table not just what is happening in your own hand but what is happening at the table and if you do not already know a tell is a change in a player is behavior that can give clues to that player is viability of their hand this comes from the poker world the same thing can be done in maang there are all kinds of tells well 3 kinds specifically that we are going to talk about it is a change in a player is behavior that gives you a clue on the viability of your opponent is hand the 1st type of tell is a verbal tell this is where their filter might slip they may say something about the game or maybe even their hand that gives information that you can use to your advantage for example somebody might be frustrated and say where are all the flowers they need flowers and they have none so you could take that to me they are either in the wall or maybe your other opponents have the flowers but also that you have time to build your hand because they are behind they have no flowers and they want them so they gave away information by verbalizing something about their hand that would be an example of verbal tells there is a whole other video lots of videos on tells i believe it is look for intel gathering i believe is the title of the videos on tells this i just want to cover very briefly because we are going to talk more about sabotage what to do with this information so the next 2 would be physical tells and that is where people flinch it is kind of like a verbal tell only they are not speaking they are moving their body they are they are using their body or their their emotions are being expressed through their body whether it be maybe their they have their their chin in their in their hand or maybe they are covering their mouth or their forehead is in their hand like this i mean those can all be expressions of frustration boredom and you know maybe their hand is not progressing as they want it to those are all tells physical tells the way they use their body it could also be a flinch or a smirk so facial tails come in here as well and then there are tile tails the tile tails are the ones where they are manipulating their hand in some kind of way maybe they are shuffling their tiles quickly that could be an indicator that they are switching their hand if that is done in the middle game after someone makes an exposure well they are basically starting over with a hand or maybe they are switching from one hand to another or maybe even changing categories who knows but a lot of times after somebody makes an exposure somebody might need to change their hand and they the tell there would be probably tile tails where they are shuffling their tiles another would be if people turn tiles that is another tile tail somebody discards something and then another player will turn a tile that usually is an indicator that they wanted that discard so the tells are all behaviors exhibited by your opponents that can give you information to help you decide how to proceed with your own hand whether you are going to push or fold consider though that there are bluffs people can bluff an example of a bluff would be in the middle game somebody picks a tile from the wall and they rack it and then they maybe pause a moment and they discard a natural tile a symbol tile and then someone discards and they maang and they have jokers they could have thrown a joker but when you throw a joker that is enough another red that is a red flag just like we talked about earlier so as not to alert the table or spook the opponents they will discard a natural tile because they have enough of them to cover that gap and then they are still ready to win they just do not want people to think 0 my gosh they discarded a joker they must be waiting on a pair or a single tile they must be ready to win or or they are playing a big hand a paar hand so there is such a thing as bluff so keep that in mind and people also can use tells as manipulation deception they could just do it even if it does not apply some people for example will decide to fold in the end end game let us say someone discards a tile and they have a pure exposure that they can make some people will make an exposure even though they have decided to fold just to sabotage someone else is hand but i disagree with that particular strategy it is something that people use but i i think it is a bad move because it gives away information some people use that though so keep that in mind people can manipulate the game but if you learn how to read tells especially if you play with the same people all the time you can gather some information that can give you an advantage at the table let us now talk about how you can use that and sabotage your opponents or block them from hand development this would be taking action or in action that will deliberately destroy disrupt or damage their potential to develop their hand so you are going to choose tactics i am what to do one thing that you could do is destruction this would be a deliberate action that involves destroying their hand and this is going to require time it has got to be timely and mindful so for example let us say in the middle game somebody discards a 3 dot and an opponent flinches and let us say you have a 3 dot in your hand that flinch is a tell on your next turn if you do not need that 3 dot i would discard it that would be a deliberate action because you saw that tell the flinch and you are thinking well they must have needed it and could not call it so now i am going to let it go right away that is a deliberate act to sabotage their hand and it is timely because it was just discarded so instead of holding it discard it that would be an example of destruction the next would be wastage wastage is a deliberate action that involves discarding a joker or discarding a symbol tile that you could have used in a joker exchange and usually these would be red flags at the table if someone discards a joker red flag and if someone also discards a tile that could have been used to do a joker exchange for one you do not want anyone to have a pure hand so you are wasting that opportunity to get the joker so as not to give them a a pure hand but let us say you do not even need a joker so it does not matter to you now i just want to briefly say something about people discarding a tile that could be used in exchange for a joker never say anything about it do not bring it to anyone is attention 0 you could have exchanged a joker for that do not do that because they could be doing it deliberately and it will highlight that action and it frustrate them because they may have used it as a tactic a wastage tactic so it draws attention to their playing style and that could cause some hurt feelings so do not comment on any tactic that is being used really you should not talk about anything in a that has to do with the game and play whether it is your own hand your opponent is hand what someone discards what someone maybe does not do this inaction where they could take a joker exchange do not comment on any of that talk about the weather talk about your grandkids what have you talk about what you are having for dinner tonight or do not talk at all and just play the game depending on the atmosphere or the the culture of your group of course so the point here is that you do not want to draw attention or give attention to the decisions that other people are making because it it could be intentional okay so wastage next we have inaction this is the deliberate inaction that prevents an opponent is hand development and typically this is going to happen if you decide to fold if you decide your hand is not going anywhere or maybe you are blocked because you needed a pair it is late in the game end of the 3rd wall and you need a pear tile and someone just made a pure kong or a pure pong and there is no way for you to get a joker and there is not enough time for you to pick another hand this is where you may want to fold and start discarding safe tiles the inaction would be that you are not going to be discarding tiles that could potentially help an opponent develop their hand so that would be holding tiles you think they need and it would also be using tiles you think they will need if you decide to play to win you could maybe have time or the flexibility to switch your hand and use tiles that you think they could need instead of discarding them for example i have played a hand where i had a i picked a flower from the wall in the end of the 3rd wall and i have jokers in my hand and i could switch to a hand that uses flowers with those jokers instead of discarding a flower in the late game i am going to change my hand to use the flower that would be an inaction because i am not going to be discarding that flower instead i am going to use it myself which is kind of the other side of the coin and that the action i am taking is to repurpose or reset my hand and use that flower myself instead of discarding it and potentially giving somebody a winning hand or maybe an opportunity to call it and make an exposure and develop their hand further so we have destruction wastage and inaction those are the 3 tactics that you can use to sabotage your opponent is hand all right any questions we are getting ready to look at one more consideration and that is risk okay here we go risk when you are at the end of the 3rd wall you are going to assess your potential to win and the way that you are going to do that is look at your weaknesses or if you have any gaps or weaknesses a gap would be let us say you are playing 369 and you have no 3s i would fold let us say that you need you are playing a hand with 4 pair a concealed hand like maybe the consecutive concealed hand that needs 4 pair and you have 2 singles that need to become pairs that would be 2 weaknesses you might consider folding especially if your tiles are out on the table as discards or maybe they are in an exposure or maybe you are you think your opponent has them so those are kind of some things you want to think about when you assess your position at the end game right at that 3rd wall or i am sorry the end of the 3rd wall going into the 4th wall in that end game you want to try to assess where you are in relation to your opponents because if your opponents are further ahead than you you might consider folding and just play defense so that you can block them from winning and then play another game where you might have a better opportunity for quicker hand development so here is how you can decide pick by pick what to do on the left we have the likelihood of a discard being risky you have some that could be improbable let us say for example i draw a 2 crack and there are 3 out that have been discarded that would be an improbable tile that could give somebody a winning hand the risk is unlikely if 3 are out if you can account for 3 tiles whether they be discards or maybe one is in an exposure and 2 are discards that 2 crack would be would have improbable risk the next would be possible risk and this would be fewer discards are out let us say only 2 are visible that is going to increase the risk level of that particular tile and if only one is out or none are out well then that is going to be a probable tile that could either help someone develop their hand or win so think about the likelihood of that newly picked tile if you do not need it yourself what is going to happen when you discard would be the impact that it is going to create there are levels of impact the 1st is an acceptable level of impact and that might apply if somebody has no exposures you have no idea what they are playing or maybe they are playing a low a low point hand and you are okay with paying ¢50 for a hand let us say so that might be an acceptable impact if you pick a time that is risky next we have a tolerable impact maybe someone has one exposure you still do not know what they are playing or maybe you based on discards can figure out that they are playing a higher point hand it is not it is going to have a higher impact than an acceptable discard an acceptable situation because you are going to end up having to pay higher if if they have happen to be playing a more valuable hand then there is an unacceptable impact where somebody has 2 exposures and you have a tile that you pick from the wall with someone having 2 exposures you can figure out what hand they are playing by process of elimination looking at the discards and other exposures that are out you can figure out what that person is playing and incidentally all this is probably more on the advanced beginner side or if you are on a spectrum from beginner to advanced it is kind of edging into the middle where your advanced beginner or maybe intermediate so some of this might be a little too advanced for you if so then just let this go until later and then incorporate these things as you gain confidence with the game so the final impact would be intolerable this would be if somebody has 3 exposures if you draw a tile that is has probable risk you do not want to discard that tile you are going to fold so you are going to think about these things what what is the likelihood that my discard is going to give someone the ability to expedite hand development or potentially win and what is going to be the impact of that win and it is going to be acceptable to intolerable based on the number of exposures so with that on the acceptable side improbable and possible have low impact probable if you have a tile that maybe only has one discard out that is going to have a medium impact so you want to think about that next we have tolerable and this increases as you can see we have medium impact and a high impact if you if you if someone has one exposure and you draw a tile where there is only one out that is going to have a high impact if someone has 2 exposures or maybe they are playing a quint a high value hand the impact is going to be higher and even if you have a an improbable tile like a a let us say that 2 crack and there is 2 out that is going to have a medium impact with somebody who has 2 exposures or maybe an exposure with a quint if you think they can use that tile you might fold and then if it is a possible winning tile or a probable winning tile it is going to have a high impact you might get criticism from your opponents if you discard a possible or probable winning tile for someone who has 2 exposures that is a high impact and then finally we have high and extreme if someone has 3 exposures and you discard a probable winning tile that is going to bring some reaction from your opponents who are going to have to end up paying for that hand so train yourself to be observant watch for tells try to figure out what your opponents are playing if you can if it is a little too advanced for you that is okay table this for a while and then as you gain confidence come back to these videos and learn how to to read the table it will give you an advantage at the table even if you are a beginner and you use these concepts when there are high risk situations at the table like somebody having 2 exposures or 3 exposures you will know to probably downgrade your position and fold and discard safely and do it confidently that is the goal all right i am going to to stop sharing now because we are going to play at i love m let me know what you think about that i may move that to the nitty gritty prime time because i think it is pretty advanced intermediate maybe which is why i initially put it here in this session but it may be too advanced so if i can add a another basic strategy or skill i will probably replace it and put that in the prime time so let me know your thoughts on that if you are a beginner let me know if that is just too much if it is just too advanced too overwhelming to think about those things let me know i welcome the input and then i will make adjustments based on the response okay so i am gna go to this layout and we are going to play maang we are just going to go straight to playing with robots so that we can monitor their exposures and try to look for their discards it is going to be very challenging to do at i love m because they they do not do random discards they line the discards in rows so it is very difficult or impossible i should say to remember who discarded what with that kind of a layout so the only thing we are going to be able to do is monitor exposures we and post exposure dis post exposure discards that we can watch for as well so we are going to remember the red flags i will try to speak to them or point them out as they occur and then we are going to focus on our own hand development and try to demonstrate high risk sabotage against robots so we are going to launch a game and play with robots so get started here okay and also the other thing we are going to talk about as we go is position so i will be able to demonstrate how to assess your position after the charleston and then as the game progresses so that we know the level of risk we can take when playing the game so in this particular delt hand it is going to be challenging because we have no multiples we have a widespread west one 2 689 in bams 2359 in cracks 245 6 in dots i would choose the predominant pattern and see what we have left over so if if these were my tiles i would play either 2 through 6 2345 345 6 something like that or i would play evens so let us just pull off the e 1st to see if there is any particular pattern that shows up so there is 2468 we have 7 tiles towards 2468 and we have 18 32s 26s we have 25s over here so because we have only 18 i think i would instead play consecutive run we have more tiles that we can use with consecutive run than we do with 2468 and it is much more efficient because you can go up or down in a sequence then with 2 468 you skip a number so you need specific tiles limited tiles so i think we should play consecutive run 2345 34 5 56 and let us just start there and see what happens we could even maybe do one 2 3 4 but i am thinking 23 45 or 34 56 primarily because we have 25s and 26s so that kind of pushes us up into higher numbers rather than going low with a one even though we do have 12 3 4 in here okay so we have 3 tiles we can p pass without having to let any of those tiles go so what we are looking for is 3 clear discards to pass and we have them right there it is a little bit risky because we have a 89 in mixed suits so it is not as bad is if we had like an 8 crack with a 9 crack this is not too awful bad but there is some risk there and that is okay there is going to be risk in every pass so now what we are going to be keeping an eye open for is a multiple because that is going to be the trigger for us to target the multiple because american maang is a game of multiples pe pong kong all over the card there is not a hand without them there is no hand with just singles even in the singles and pairs hands there are pairs so you want to leverage that strength multiples pa punong kong so if one develops we are going to reassess we have a a multiple right here 3 crack so we completely now reassess we have a 3 crack pair so that is where i would start 3 crack pair with a 3 crack i see that we could maybe play a 369 hand let us just look quickly at 369 there are 5 tiles that we could use for 3 69 but we also have one through 5 far more so i would give up the big numbers the 6s will go maybe even the red dragon because we will not be able to use that red dragon unless we get flowers and we have no flowers we have a gap and therefore that red dragon even though it is pretty it corresponds with cracks which we have 125 right there but without flowers that red dragon is useless so we are going to discard it and we are left here with one through 5 targeting 3 the 3 crack is the new strength and we have 4 discards so we stop the analysis just stop right there because we have 3 clear discards the red dragon a 6 dot and a 9 bam so we can pass it is a little bit risky but every pass has some level of risk you want to focus on developing your own hand 1st and then do the best you can with what you have left over and the 6s and the 9 red dragon that is what we have left over so that would be the safest we could make it okay now we have a one bam paired up anytime you develop another multiple reassess we we did pick up a 3 dot so we have a 3 crack pair and a one bam pair hopefully we will be able to use a 123 of some kind we have 2 clear discards so now we have all keepers remaining after letting the 6 and the 8 go so we need to let something go here with a one bam and the 3 crack 123 4 i am thinking 135 we could maybe try for little odds but we have no flowers and if we were to use a little odd hand let us say the 5 dot 135 mc suit kongs with a pair of flowers that would be the 3rd hand down we have no flowers so i would not even think about playing that hand so the 5 dot might be a good discard we may not be able to use the one or we may not be able to use the 3 we have in here 12126 hand down under consecutive run we could also do 1234 if we get a 4 crack so with 1212 or 123 4 you know what if we get a white dragon we could maybe even play a year hand so i would probably keep all the 2s and 3s so probably i would card let us see we do have a hand in here by the way 12 3 4 or no no 2345 so it would be 23 crack 45 in dots so at the moment we probably should pick a hand i think what i would do here since we could do 2345 pong kong pong kong with cracks and dots i think i would let the 5 crack go we still have options with 121 2 we still could maybe do a yearand if we get a white dragon we could still do 1234 if we get a 4 crack so there is still a lot of potential here by giving up that 5 crack so let us let that go we did not get any keepers which means we can just stop the analysis and keep going so we are going to continue this r dragon not helpful without flowers and we have no flowers so we are not keeping it we are going to pass all right we have a new multiple 2 new multiples 2 crack 3 crack 45 2345 punung kong pung kong no gaps 3 multiples so that is what i would probably focus on maybe the one band can be joker bait later we have enough discards to think about that so let us pass 5 crack with let us say a 2 dot and a 3 dot we have 23 crack 45 dot 2nd hand down on the right no keepers let us pass south 9 with a one let us see here 12 3 4 actually let us keep that one if we get a 5 bam we might be able to play that 4th hand down single pair pong 12 345 bam so let us discard this 2 dot and that is a great pass right there a wind a big number in one suit and a little number in a 2nd suit this is the best kind of pass you can do we got a 5 crack back and 2 wins and we can pass fully here in the optional so let us pass the south the 5 and the 7 okay we did not get any keepers this is now where you want to a assess your position we have a hand with no gaps we have a weakness though 2 weaknesses actually because the 3 crack and the 5 dot need to be kongs we have a pair of 3s and a single 5 so those would be weaknesses no gaps but we do have weaknesses if we played 12345 bam that would have a gap we would need a 5 bam if we decided to play that hand i would still keep the one crack we have a pair we do not need we might be able to use this to help us get a joker maybe and we have 4 discards so we have 4 discards with joker bait a hand with no gaps and a potential hand with a gap again we have weaknesses so i would say that we are probably i would say we are an underdog on this one because even with joker bait we do not know yet if that is going to be useful until we start seeing the discards so i would say we are probably in an underdog which means we need to take a lowrisk approach we do not need wins at all so that is what we are going to start with for discarding okay so nobody wants the red dragon it went around in the charleston that will be a good discard if i am not playing wins those go 1st and then the dragons and then the year tiles that is the the the i call it a triage that is the order in which i discard winds if you are not using them then dragons and then year tiles and the reason is that winds and dragons since they are in fewer hands are less likely going to be an exposures with jokers and i want to optimize my potential to get jokers because they are going to help me build my or develop my hand so the 3 dot would be an example of a year tile year tiles are predominant this year 2 2023 there is 22s in there and and they the 2023 is also in the biggest hand on the card and i want to try to sabotage that hand i do not want to pay ¢75 or 75 points to somebody or even discard into that and pay double i do not want to do that so that is why i include year tiles as my 1st discards if i am not using them clearly if i am going to use it i will keep it like for example we might be able to do 12 crack 34 dot so let us keep the the 3 dot so we are going to ignore this red dragon we do not we do not need that no flower flower 0 there is a kong up there kong of flowers that is a good thing to notice and incidentally that would be a red flag that robot that person let us call him joe his name is joe curtis excuse me they made an early dis an early exposure a pure kong of flowers so they are committing early they are either ri taking a big risk in a kong of flowers because that is going to limit their hands they could play or they have a well developed hand which could also be the case so that would be a red flag that is an example of a red flag so we need to try to watch what kurt joe is discarding to see if we can figure out which hand that uses 4 flowers could they be playing there are several on the card you can look and and see yourself the hands with 4 flowers on it okay or in it all right here is a white dragon we are gna pass of course we got a 9 dot but we want to let the wind go okay 5 bam that would be a keeper if we were to play the 4th hand down but there is nothing we can do about that and probably i would take that hand off the option list okay pair of red dragon nobody wanted the red dragon so you might think 0 joker b no that has no power because a red dragon was discarded plus it went around during the charleston just because you have an unwanted pair does not make it joker bait it has no power in this case because nobody wants the red dragon okay we do not need big numbers okay so we have we have had 123 discards so we are still in the begin game to the right west expo made an exposure that is another red flag so we have 2 robots who have made exposures in the begin game red flags which further solidifies that we are likely an underdog so we need to continue with a lowrisk approach for this hand okay so we will let the red dragon go now this 6 crack would probably be a good discard because of what this player on the right has so probably i would discard that next okay now that would be potentially one of our tiles we are not going to be able to call it so one of our tiles is out okay we have a 6 crack that we can let go of this 9 dot might be able to give us an opportunity for a joker exchange either the one or the 9 we will see we are at 78 tiles remaining joker bait typically is ideal the timing for joker bait ideally is in the middle of the game 60 tiles remaining so we have a few picks before they kind of need to simmer a little bit we got to give our opponents time to gather tiles so they can call that is how joker bait works also consider that 9 crack has been discarded that would be like numbers around potential joker bait and there is no interest so that kind of weakens that particular joker bait also we now have a pong of one bams that also weakens joker bait because what that means is that our opponents if they have a one they and they do not have enough jokers to call to make an exposure that is not going to give us that opportunity for a joker exchange so in this case even though it is a pong we have stronger potential with 234 so we are going to let that one bam go right now and let us just see what happens with it there is no interest whatsoever so i would discard those next all right so we we the the 4 is in our range but we are not interested in bams we are working with cracks and dots it seems that nobody wants 9s but the 9 dot we do not know yet about that because our opponent on the right for example wes they could be playing big odds maybe they want the 9 dot we do not know yet okay so let us hold the 7 and let the one go there is a 7 bam out also so that will probably be a good discard okay now that for us would probably be a kong and we are not ready so we have to let it go although it could be a pong if we played the 4th hand down single pair pong 123 crack 4 kong 5 bam kong but we have no 5 bam that is a gap n one is out so i would not consider calling that at all because that is a huge weakness okay here we have a keeper 3 dot 12 crack 34 dot let us let the one bamboo okay we do not need that that would be our tile but we are not ready for it okay so let us see the 7 bam is already out we are going to let that go okay so the player on our left aga has not had any exposures yet that could also be a red flag by the way they could be playing a pair hand they could be playing a concealed hand which means that hand value is going to go up so there is risk there they could also not be ready which is kind of where we are at okay we do not want wins it looks like nobody wants wins so those should always be safe discards for now for this hand okay 8 6.9 okay we are at 56 tiles remaining let us let the 9 go and see if we can get a joker exchange opportunity no so we will let that go next that would be a miss that is a missed a joker bait miss okay let us let the 9 go here is 2 23 4123 we are still just going to gather and watch observe so we have a p a kong of flowers and a flower discarded so 5 are out now 9 dot nobody wanted we are at 48 tiles the 6 dot and the 8 dot those are those have not been discarded yet we clearly do not need them so i think we should discard them there we go there is a pure kong over there i would discard let us see so they are doing they have a 7 crack 8 dot s crack pong so they are playing let us see here 7878 7 crack 8 crack punong kong 7.8 do punong kong they are playing punong kong punong kong 2nd hand down in 2 suit 0 no no 6th hand down so we are going to still let the 6 dot and 9 dot go next so they are playing 78 78 on the right so that is 6 flower out nobody wants 9 dot green dragon dragons typically i let go of early because they gain risk as the game progresses so i am going to let that that green dragon go 1st seems like nobody wants dragons okay now here is joker is up for grabs that is another red flag they are risking 2 jokers in an exposure just before the end game that is an a an assertive maneuver basically so that is a red flag and we need to probably switch to defense we need to fold and play defensively our goal when when we fold is to sa sabotage we want to discard as safely as possible to try to keep our opponents from developing their hand since they have a kong of 6s we are now going to hold that 6 dot because they could be playing like numbers with 6s 4 flowers like numbers with 6s firsthand under that is probably what they are doing i mean it could be they could be playing a 369 hand or they could be playing something consecutive so i probably would not discard that 5 dot either because they could be doing 456 mc soup kongs all right well let us discard this or let us let this go we are we are folding we have got 2 players with 2 exposures each and we we have a hand in here 2345 or 1234 but it has weaknesses let us get a joker and we know nobody wants 9 dot because it is 2 are out so our our super risky tile right now is that 6 dot if it if it is discarded and our opponent joe does not take it then we can discard it and play to win so right now we are probably going to be folding we are going to play a fold most likely but if someone discards the 6 dot and joe does not take it we might be able to discard it and then play to win especially now that we have a joker okay now here i was thinking that nobody wanted winds and there is a south it is the east and wests that are out no norths are out and there is a south out so aga is playing a wind hand and they have an exposure almost in the end game we are at the last pick of the 3rd wall and they made an exp exposure which means they are playing to win if anybody at this stage of the game end of the 3rd wall going into the 4th wall if anybody makes an exposure assume that they are playing to win so we have 3 players playing to win and we have weakness so we should fold all right now we have a one crack so we have 1234 it looks like nobody wants the 2 dot with a pung of souths this should be safe even though it is 0 yeah here it is right there there are 2 out we might be able to throw the 3 crack too so we have 1234 the 5 dot was thrown we might be able to unfold and play to win because we have this joker we could pung the one crack and the 3 dot we could kong the 2 or the 4 but not both so what we want to see here is someone we want someone to discard a 6 dot because that is going to be risky we are officially in the end game 40 tiles remaining that is risky okay we got a 4 crack let us see none are out 5 dot let us throw that okay there is 4 crack so now if no one takes it we will throw it so that that will be a safe discard for us that is going to be very risky now 7 dot the player on our right 7878 they want that tile flowers it appears nobody wants we have 27 tiles remaining joker 0 my goodness this hand really turned on a dime because now we have potential to win but we have 2 risky tiles this player across from us i think they are playing like numbers with 6s how many 6 bams are out let us see here one no 6 dots are out and 16 bam is out north and south to the left they could they are probably playing north and south with a run maybe they are playing 456 let us see what happens here let us let us call and just see what happens i am still hoping someone will discard a 6 or a 7 okay let us pung all right now 0 i want to play to win of course i do 12 3 46 dot okay now this is where you think about that risk matrix there are no 6 dots out and there are no 7 dots out this is going to be a we have 2 exposures so this is going to be a to intolerable impact i should not have made that exposure we should fold we are folding i do not want to throw those tiles if you know if you have risky tiles that are going to have an intolerable impact and they are a probable keeper for your opponent fold i should not have made these exposures but i wanted to win so i did it no regrets though we are just going to fold at this point okay 8 bam 8 bam well let us throw the one we know nobody wanted that okay here look 6 dot they want it so now we can let it go okay we still have a risky tile so i do not regret folding all right that would have given them a win all right so we did not discard the winning time tile so i would say we did good even though we did not win all right let us play again all right what do we have another widespread so we look for the predominant pattern we have northwest south white dragon 2 bam 3 crack some year potential in there we also have 6789 there is some 2468 in here but it is really really light i think what i would do is focus on probably winds or maybe a yearand and i would let probably we have like numbers with 6s 658 let us let the 70 that is really risky let us let the let us see here let us let a 6 dot go actually let us let the 6 crack go all right we will start here let us see what happens okay wis we are going to probably play wins so there is news so let us pass one of each suit 45 80 we got a 2 that that could be useful let us do 579 maybe the 6 would be better in there at least there is an even tile in there it is going to be probably 61 half dozen the other okay no no keepers this time we are going to keep going so let us do 457 let us see here we have news 3 i am thinking news concealed here is north and a 2 okay i am thinking news concealed we have a one or a 3 that we can use with the 2 that is going to mean we we are going to pass a white dragon this is a little bit risky but we have a hand with no gaps and we have our singles okay so let us pass 2 n and then let us see here it is kind of 61 half dozen the other really let us let the one go okay we have an option with the 3 bam there is an east there is an option to play maybe the firsthand i think what i would do here is pass 2 we are kind of in between the 1st hand and the concealed hand okay 23 with news probably there goes our tile right away we are playing concealed 0 what where what is our position we are let us see we have let us put these number tiles to the left so we can just differentiate them a little bit we have an option with our 3 we have a a news with no gaps we have an extra east so i would say we have 3 clear discard cards with an option so i would say we are probably a contender for this hand and again we are playing the concealed news hand there is a joker and by the way begin game red flag 0 tu b we passed that and somebody kept it we will get rid of it another early exposure so they are playing 4567 pong kong pong kong 4567 pun kong pun kong 2nd hand down on the right 2 exposures red flag okay 6 crack 9 crack let us throw 9 crack we are good there we can let the 7 go they are playing bams and dots over there we do not know yet what the other 2 are doing we can take a joker thank you okay now here is another exposure now we are this is 112 i am counting blocks of 41234 discards or 4 rounds of picks so we are still in the begin game the 1st 5 picks typically are going to be the that 2nd wall so aga made an early exposure that is a red flag so we have 2 robots with probable well developed hands ours is will develop too we have 2 discard or 3 this east needs to go we have 3 discards i would say we are we could be a front runner with one good pick i would still say we are a contender because we are playing a concealed hand we have to draw really well okay for bam my guess is they are not ready to win this early so i am going to risk it so i took the risk because because we are a contender we can take greater risk if we were an underdog i might try to find a way to use that for because this player across from us they needed that 4 there is another one of our tiles being discarded right there now another one i would probably let that go now and focus on the 3 crack or focus on news pong kong pong kong or kong pong pong kong wait a minute it is either kong pong pong kong or pong kong kong pong okay 2 crack we really do not need that at all let us see a 6 crack is on the left we do not know what they are doing yet 233 let us throw the 4 okay nobody wants the 3 bam okay now we have we are in the middle game now 3rd wall so that is not that big of a red flag once they have 2 exposures then it will increase so here we need to decide do we want to play an exposable hand or do we want to stay concealed and play that concealed hand if we expose i would probably play the pong kong kong pong and we would be able to act on the north and the south and then maybe the east if we want a chance a greater chance of winning we probably should call this and switch to an exposable hand because our our opponents all have exposures they are expediting their hand development we can do the same so let us let us do it let us pong we are going to play the firsthand so we are going to now let the risky tiles go maybe maybe the 2 dot will give us some joker exchange potential let us throw the 2 crack here let us call okay so now ign we can call the east but we need help with west we do not need one crack at all it is out so in 2 more picks 60 tiles remaining that is when we are going to discard one of the this 2 dot maybe our opponent on the left agota maybe they are playing a some kind of a 2468 hand who knows i suppose probably not though with a kong of 6s if so they would need pairs of 2s we probably should let those go right now because of the k of 6s if you look at the evens if they are even in that category the 2s are pairs for them with kongs of 6s because the 6s with pongs of 2s would be pongs 3rd hand down so and a 2 will not go all the way up to a 6 unless they are playing the 4th hand down and again let us see 234 it would be a pair so we need to expedite the develop the discarding of these tils we need to escalate them as discards so let us let it go okay it is already out we are good okay dragons we do not want to hold dragons 3 dot is out let us throw to let us see here we are at 53 tiles remaining 40 tiles remaining is the end game the last wall so we are still in the middle game i think our riskiest tile right now we do not have one the 3s are out nobody these players are not going to want to one and then the 3 dot is already out so these all these are probably safe okay now for crack that could be could be a keeper no okay we will call we will call okay now we need west 9 bam i see one out okay one crack is out we are we are in the end game now 40 tiles remaining last wall 0 we are going to need a joker now we got it we got a joker i would say we should play to win push we will push there are 2 jokers up for grabs right now 0 somebody got it we got close though one away all right so 5678 all right we are going to go play another game we have 2 pair 2s and 8s so we should play either 2 46 8 or 789 of some kind we actually have a hand in here already 7899 78992nd hand from the bottom because we have no 4s or 6s that 2 dot is not going to be helpful we have like numbers with 5s i think what we should do is let the green dragon go with a 2 and one of the 5 i do not want to get stuck with a pair we have a hand with no gaps thanks for coming karen okay so now let us keep the 8s that is in our range 789 and let us break break up the 2 we will give it to somebody else so 25 ah let us well no let us do that because we do not want to do a 24 and one suit either okay we got a keeper the 9 crack let us throw north green with a 4 we got an 8 so we have 8 n in here and we have like numbers with 2s i would probably discard this 8 crack and do 258 like that we have a 8 bam pair we a pong we may not use both 8s we got the 2 a 2 crack pair now i would not pass like numbers here i would let the 8 bam go because we have a hand with no gaps we have 78 paar pair pung n pung n 9 with flowers we need help with flowers but we have no gaps really the flowers would be the weakness we have a weakness too with a 7 manam that needs to be a pair so we have 2 weaknesses okay we have tiles we can pass we could do 51 but i think it would be better to break up the 23 because if we get keepers i do not want to pass a 23 in one suit we got we keep getting like numbers yikes okay now we are doing the optional west 4 with a one that is a pretty good pass we got the 8 back so we will keep it if we get a 7 dot we could play 789 mixu kongs 5th hand down on the right okay so it looks like let us see if someone discards 0 we got a flower that is awesome we do not know yet if someone kept that 2 well someone did keep the 2 let us let it go okay i would not call that with a joker there are plenty of flowers left we are just going to wait i would rather hold that joker for the 9 dot we could pung the 9 crack and the 9 dot and the 4 the flower we can use a joker or maybe draw another flower for a pure kong later i would not take that okay now 3 crack was just discarded we have a pair here somebody still might want a 3 crack and they are just not ready to call it cuz we are still in the begin game so let us just hold the 3 crack for a little bit and see what happens happens none of the robots are making early exposures at the moment which is interesting there is an early exposure with a joker red flag that is a red flag okay 6s 89 not not helpful really that is that really the 6 bam is not going to be helpful unless we play 67 8 flowers and let the 9 crack go let us just wait and see how we draw we are good let it go so there are 2 flowers out we will keep an eye on flowers we got a joker so let us let the 3 crack go all right good choice 0 we do not want to hold on to this this is going to get more and more risky as the game goes on wes may take it but that is okay i do not think they are ready to win this early so we are going to let it go now so they w ready to take it and my guess with 2 souths out is that they are playing east and west with a run let us let the 6 pm go we are looking for 9s we got a 9 band but that is out here we do not we do not need that there are 29 b out that is a pair for us we are going to ignore it we got a keeper all right so now if a if a one a flower goes down i would call at this point we have 2 discards we have an extra ap bam i would love to draw that 7 bam that is a weakness right now it is our only weakness we have one weakness we will call and p okay so they just got the west joker so now they have another joker 33 crack nobody wants so we are looking for a flower and then we will be ready to win on a 7 pm okay nobody wants one dot or 3 if a flower goes down will will kong i am hoping we will draw so they are doing 789 7 do or 6789 there are 2 6 dots out and there is a 7 dot out that is our tile there is only one more 0 no 7 dot 3 exposures this is a there is one out this would be an intolerable impact intolerable high risk we need a pair of 7s and there is only one more we fold we got the 7 we play a win we got lucky we are ready to win now that weakness filled in so that bumped us up in position so we want a flower or a joker you know what hold the phone 12 how many 7 dots 227 dots are out all right so their hand is still viable seemingly okay now that that was risky agota is playing to win exposure with a joker in the end game that is a red flag it does not matter though because we maang all right so aga on the left is ready to win on an 8 crack to the right ready to win on a 6 dot across from us one away from ready with a 6 dot okay i hope that you are finding this helpful please let me know in the comment section below what you think about highrisk sabotage the red flags and position and let me know if that has helped you in any way rewatch this if it if it is a little overwhelming watch it again if it is overwhelming and it is still not making sense or it is just too overwhelming just wait until you have gained confidence with the game and then watch it later and we are going to do this repeatedly so when you are ready you will be able to watch the videos and try to incorporate these concepts in your playing style so here we have a pair of 6s so that is where we start yep i folded and unfolded because we we strengthened a weakness and although that discard was high risk it was a intolerable risk but we are ready to win with that weakness taken care of and we were on a multiple weight where we could have one on a flower which the robots were discarding flowers and we could have also have gotten a joker so i thought it was worth the risk and i took it okay so now 6 dot and we have 345 we have a hand in here already 345 in bams 67 crack so let us start there we have 456 let us throw the 9 yeah in maan you can unfold okay we have a 88 crack pair so i would reassess here we have 6 dot and an 8 dot we have 2 clear discards so now we have to make a choice with a 6 dot and an 8 dot or 8 crack 345 we have a hand with no gaps so that is what i would focus on 3456 7 okay no keepers 68 no i would not keep these okay still no keepers here is 23 4 that can kind of give us an option if we happen to get a a 5 crack let us keep going okay no keepers here 7 bam 4.9 these really are not helpful this is a little bit risky 79 okay we have a 5 dot so we have 3456 no gaps 34 so i would let the 2 go here and pass fully all right we have a 6 bam 45 i would just fold it all in here okay 345 6 and bams 45 6 and dots 78 and cracks we have 3 through 8 that is way too wide of a spread we have one multiple the 6 dot i would say we are an underdog on this game we are going to play some kind of a consecutive hand i would say probably the 8 crack is our clear discard at the moment now we have a pair of flowers i would play a hand with flowers for sure so i think with a 6 dot pair and what we have remaining i would say mixit kongs or 45 6 here is 4561 suit kongs or we could do 5 bam 6 dot 7 crown mxit kongs so 3 discards and 2 hands potentially okay wow 4 flowers out yikes okay now we have 456 we h we let us see 56 7 we do have another hand in here now 2nd hand from the bottom flowers 5 6.774 flowers are out we got a joker let us see here i am thinking we should do 45 or 5 677 cu we can we can call a discard for the flower we can call for both 7s leaving us ready to win on a 5 i would play to win and i would say we are probably a front runner at this point our hand is is set we are going to be probably exposing jokers which is a bit risky okay now nobody has exposures that is a bit of a red flag let us hope that they are still working on gathering there is an exposure with a joker that was quick they go so quick there is an exposure with 2 jokers that is a red flag if someone makes an exposure with multiple jokers they are expediting so i would say that would be a red flag green is out we need to draw that 5 dot so somebody got a joker we are good there we got a keeper will call a pong we are one away from ready i would say we are a front runner we are still in the middle game that is our tile but we are not ready nice okay we are ready to win on a 5 dot ready to win before the end of the 3rd wall this is that that i guess it is a guideline if you can be ready to win by the end of the 3rd wall if you are thinking that you are a front runner and you make that goal i would say that that confirms your assessment of where you are we are ready to win and the all these i believe all the robots have been throwing flowers even though we do not i do not know why i said that we do not need a flower we need a 5 dot nobody wants the 5 dot so i think we are going to be okay here but we are waiting on one tile i would risk any discard i would play to win here somebody threw the 5 dot just a little while ago now if any of these are discarded i might stay concealed because if we reveal if we make an exposure with jokers in the end game we risk an exchange mak giving our opponents the ability to further develop their hand so so i would probably not call any of these and just keep the jokers to myself we are waiting for a 5 dot we are g to let it go we want to 5 dot 0 somebody got it it was in the wall all right let us try to play one more game okay we have news we have news and then we have 358156 378 like numbers with 8s like numbers with 5s like numbers with 3s news we have news and a flower let us see here this is going to be a challenging one i think i would focus on number tiles news 0 maybe a yearand because there there are year hands with winds kongs we could maybe play the concealed hand so let us keep the 5 of the 3s and then maybe do let us see here yeah we could do that one this is a tough one all right so there is an east and we have a 2 so we have our 1st multiple and east so that confirms a wind hand of some kind so let us pass 586 another east and we have a 3 we could do east and west with the year maybe maybe a south okay now we need to let something go we have a red a 9 since we have a a pong of east i would probably let one of the 3s go let us see what happens here we ended up with a 6 crack pair there is some potential in here for east and west with a run but that would require us to pass a 23 with a one i would not i do not think i would do that i think i would rather try for east and west with the year that would even use the flower so i would break up the 6 okay we are going to pass 30 well now look what showed up 234 east and west okay we have a 123 well 123 matching dragon even we have one discard but we have options we are in between hands or really in between categories even i would say a wind hand or maybe east and west with the year so i would say that we have at least 4 discards if not more because we are kind of in between i would say we are going to be an underdog until we draw more tiles we have we have too many discards right now we do not know if we are going to play winds or maybe a yearand with winds if we play a yearand with winds we do not need the north and south we would have to let a pearo i think i would rather play a wind hand all winds so that would mean we would have 56 discards red all right let us let the one crack go we have east and west with the dragon here going down hard okay so there is a a early exposure here no joker though another early exposure red flags okay there is a 2 crack pair let us throw the let us see here we may be able to do east and west with a run let us throw the dragon we could also maybe do east and west with the year although there are 3 white dragons out so if i do not think i would play a year hand here i would play probably east and west with 234 or all wins and let the number tiles go so there is another early exposure with a joker another red flag 2 exposures now one with 2 jokers big red flag so i would there is another exposure with a joker so i would bump us back probably to underdog at this point unless we are able to get these jokers to help us with east and west with a run that 3 crack is our tile and we can not call it it is a pair for us yeah one no we do not want that okay now i do not think we want this flower any way we slice and dice this so let us let it go now we got a south so with south in here i probably would play maybe the firstand and let the number tiles go unless we draw 3 crack let us see what are they playing here 46456 7 i think they are doing 456s here to the right in one suit on the left 56s 8 let us throw this 8 bam now 5 cracks 6 cracks 7 bam 8 bam on the left they seem to like the pong kong hands okay now here we have one suit kongs all the robots have 2 exposures that is a red flag okay now we are the 71 tiles this is probably going to be used by agoda for 4 or 5678 so if we are going to play to win we need to let this go now may call it but i do not think they are ready to win i would be surprised so they were not ready but they need that tile okay aga got the joker okay this should be safe nobody is going to want that a 8 we are not ready for the north i was just thinking maybe maybe if we get flowers we can cord because we could maybe still try for that flower hand with winds on 2nd thought no regrets though 0 we have a winner 0 it is that one su it is the dragon hand all right i think that will do it for this live stream we are at the top of the hour so i hope that you found this helpful i know that it is a bit more advanced than usual please give me some feedback let me know if you think this should be a topic for prime time rather than for beginners i am kind of leaning that way but i need another i need another beginner skill or saint tactics i guess that we could focus on to swap it out thank you so much for being here with me i appreciate it and maybe on both okay advance says sue i am kind of thinking it is advanced it is pretty advanced just as i was sharing it because i have never i have not shared this topic before and so i i am thinking it is pretty advanced touch on it before moving to the advanced do you mean refine it i know there is a couple corrections i need to make in there but i think it is good good i think the tactics are good the focus is good but i do think it is advanced so if you are a beginner and you are overwhelmed by it i apologize and i will see if i can arrange things a little differently and move this to prime time like an introduction to future lessons all right lots to think about moderators thank you so much for being here do not concentrate but say this is still being advanced 0 okay i see all right the next time we meet for nitty gritty basics let me just pull up let me share my screen here hold on okay 0 okay here we go website so i just want to go to the matrix if you look for the matrix you will see the schedule right here america rajang skills and strategies matrix okay so here we go skills and strategies matrix i saw your comment there kind of do a multi level so make that a level 2 like level one and level 2 kind of simplify it and still cover it on a simplified level i think is what you are talking about evelyn like a 101 and a 2011 or one 101 and yeah anyway okay so let us see the next time we meet you look for the ex is and we are going to do skill builders next next week we are going to be talking about skill builders so join us again next monday this will be a new focus so join us again and we will be able to play at i love mars they have got an excellent exercise room so if you want to practice between now and then go to i love ma and when you sign up use mj life you will get 3 weeks free trial and i am an affiliate partner there so i will get a small compensation or compensation i will get a small commission if you decide to become a paid member all right and we will be back again at 4 we are gna do a marathon we are going to do marathons we are going to talk about competitive play for prime time time so that will probably be more advanced if you are an intermediate player you might enjoy it and for any of those players who have a competitive streak it will be a good one for you too so i hope to see you back again at 4 in the meantime thank you so much for watching my videos and for sharing about this channel with your friends if you like this video give me a thumbs up if you have not subscribed to my channel consider subscribing click the little gray bell if you do that way you will get notification for when i post new videos and you will not miss an opportunity to learn a new strategy or pick up an insight to the game that could give you an advantage at the table between now and the next video may all your picks bee keepers he

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJIQXZw_yXY

when you pass on ramps make sure check them to make sure there's no one coming down right next to you kind of sneaking up on you because they're coming over your shoulder watch his motorcycle he's quite getting off of it make sure he doesn't try to slow down here sometimes motorcycles don't even look they drive their bikes like they drive their cars which is not good indicating each other you know he could just say I'm gonna bike I think a lot of motorcyclists don't check their mirrors they kind of end up being like I'm in a bike I can do whatever I'm going faster in the rails and they don't realize there's another bike right next to them coming up on him let's do this diamond leaning again if you can I just got this I didn't realize what's gonna stop right there perfect but remember that's just a piece of this is a stripe of paint on the ground that's not a wall that's not a fence even though they're not supposed to cross that double-double even if they have people enough people it's a couple you're not supposed to cross over that double-double this is the way I didn't do it before but people do it all the time anyway so just cuz that's the rules doesn't mean you're perfectly safe you know hug that corner hug that edge and you know coming around here these are all blind everyone there's a blind corner see unless you're right on top of them they don't know you're even here because it's a court the way that the roads bending they might decide oh here's the space behind this guy and they start to pop out and right in front of me very very possible very very possible now here you know they can kind of see farther down the turn so they can see me better when you come up on brake lights start aiming for between cars always just in case you come in too hot you might buy yourself an extra foot that you need instead of hitting something I don't care where you've draw a ride I don't care if you know if it's again United States and not in California so technically you're not allowed to split you're not splitting you're trying to just stop instead of hitting the cars you're not like splitting here and then continue going on you're stopping but if you do if you come up too fast you want to have a little space in between the space in between can save you so start aiming immediately for it even if you don't need it to start aiming for it because you want to practice that maneuver that's one of the best things about splitting justing looking for slots to fit into which is very important and what is the bad thing about not allowing it is that people don't practice that because you know they're not allowed they just never think about it they're always looking at license plates that's the worst thing you can target right in the middle of the vehicle in front so you see I'm going here I'm splitting off the same going faster than everyone else but I'm not trying to fly around here at 50 just because this is a broom for it cuz I don't know who's gonna decide to try to change lanes from one side or the other and when they do change lanes at this speed they're going so slow they're not going to get out of your way like in other words if you see people changing lanes and we're all moving pretty quick but the lane change is fast because we're all going us for 10 60 miles an hour so the lane change happens at 60 miles an hour when these guys are stopped or they're doing like three you know three miles an hour is very slow that's like walking speed so they're just barely get halfway across the line and then they get blocked because the other Lane stopped or they you know are still getting across but it's so slow and you come flying along here at 40 there's a good chance you're not gonna be able to stop in time and we're now here you are boxed in now you really have nowhere to go because you're in this little Canyon what if that guy pulls out where am I supposed to turn to avoid hitting him if I'm doing 40 you know or 30 and they're doing you know five so you need to give yourself an exit and not and definitely don't assume just cuz I want to do this thing everyone is gonna get out of my way or stay out of my way that's a terrible presumption and the only thing that's gonna happen fast as your day is gonna suck and you might get away with it one week two weeks you might get away with it for five years but driving like that eventually the odds of catch up with you because there's so many bad drivers you're not gonna be lucky forever unless you don't bribe in a big city then maybe you know there's not that many people around actually the truck behind me just shifted lanes so they were probably thinking about it and as I went by don't drive next to people that's the bad idea this is good we're not near anyone's doors for a second here I'm going to buy it and go buy this giant bus of course let's see how that works out no no this sides moving along well belt there we go they worked out now this diamond lane and soon so some of these people might be thinking I don't have to wait you know honor those stripes anymore see there it is now as free-for-all everyone can do anything they want and we're at the same time we're merging with another freeway the five though or the five is dumping onto here we're not merging with it it's their their off-ramp is getting onto this freeway if you're going slow a slight wave like this is not a bad idea just to keep people attention on you when you're when they're trying to merge they're looking over here they looking for over there they're not sure if you're using the whole lane maybe they want to try to share it with you well you do something like this and they kind of realized oh yeah he's there or she's there could be she you want it to look like I'm here and don't don't try to cut in front of me around me you don't get near me don't you don't move into my lane you want to be you want to occupy this de Lane sounds like it might rain I hope it doesn't thirty minutes from home and the rain wasn't the plan and keep your eye out for guys like this now I wouldn't say he was doing bad I mean I came into the lane the same time he did does there's nothing you know he's gonna do his thing too and you can't look 24 you know 360 all the time so it's your job to pay attention when someone's doing something stupid obviously you're watching out but even if they're doing something normal it just happens to be kind of close to you that's not the end of the world there's no reason to get mad or we're gonna Rev your engine or whatever although I think revving your engine is kind of dumb I don't know why people do that they think that anyone gives a about your engine you know use your horn that's what it's for and get a valid warrant first of all mine came it's a sad little easy thing that sound like a goat that died three days ago [Music] the ground wet emitter did rain here maybe just stopped hope we're in famous [Music]

when you pass on ramps make sure check them to make sure there is no one coming down right next to you kind of sneaking up on you because they are coming over your shoulder watch his motorcycle he is quite getting off of it make sure he does not try to slow down here sometimes motorcycles do not even look they drive their bikes like they drive their cars which is not good indicating each other you know he could just say i am going to bike i think a lot of motorcyclists do not check their mirrors they kind of end up being like i am in a bike i can do whatever i am going faster in the rails and they do not realize there is another bike right next to them coming up on him let us do this diamond leaning again if you can i just got this i did not realize what is going to stop right there perfect but remember that is just a piece of this is a stripe of paint on the ground that is not a wall that is not a fence even though they are not supposed to cross that double double even if they have people enough people it is a couple you are not supposed to cross over that double double this is the way i did not do it before but people do it all the time anyway so just cuz that is the rules does not mean you are perfectly safe you know hug that corner hug that edge and you know coming around here these are all blind everyone there is a blind corner see unless you are right on top of them they do not know you are even here because it is a court the way that the roads bending they might decide 0 here is the space behind this guy and they start to pop out and right in front of me very very possible very very possible now here you know they can kind of see farther down the turn so they can see me better when you come up on brake lights start aiming for between cars always just in case you come in too hot you might buy yourself an extra foot that you need instead of hitting something i do not care where you have draw a ride i do not care if you know if it is again united states and not in california so technically you are not allowed to split you are not splitting you are trying to just stop instead of hitting the cars you are not like splitting here and then continue going on you are stopping but if you do if you come up too fast you want to have a little space in between the space in between can save you so start aiming immediately for it even if you do not need it to start aiming for it because you want to practice that maneuver that is one of the best things about splitting justing looking for slots to fit into which is very important and what is the bad thing about not allowing it is that people do not practice that because you know they are not allowed they just never think about it they are always looking at license plates that is the worst thing you can target right in the middle of the vehicle in front so you see i am going here i am splitting off the same going faster than everyone else but i am not trying to fly around here at 50 just because this is a broom for it cuz i do not know who is going to decide to try to change lanes from one side or the other and when they do change lanes at this speed they are going so slow they are not going to get out of your way like in other words if you see people changing lanes and we are all moving pretty quick but the lane change is fast because we are all going us for 10 60 miles an hour so the lane change happens at 60 miles an hour when these guys are stopped or they are doing like 3 you know 3 miles an hour is very slow that is like walking speed so they are just barely get halfway across the line and then they get blocked because the other lane stopped or they you know are still getting across but it is so slow and you come flying along here at 40 there is a good chance you are not going to be able to stop in time and we are now here you are boxed in now you really have nowhere to go because you are in this little canyon what if that guy pulls out where am i supposed to turn to avoid hitting him if i am doing 40 you know or 30 and they are doing you know 5 so you need to give yourself an exit and not and definitely do not assume just cuz i want to do this thing everyone is going to get out of my way or stay out of my way that is a terrible presumption and the only thing that is going to happen fast as your day is going to suck and you might get away with it one week 2 weeks you might get away with it for 5 years but driving like that eventually the odds of catch up with you because there is so many bad drivers you are not going to be lucky forever unless you do not bribe in a big city then maybe you know there is not that many people around actually the truck behind me just shifted lanes so they were probably thinking about it and as i went by do not drive next to people that is the bad idea this is good we are not near anyone is doors for a 2nd here i am going to buy it and go buy this giant bus of course let us see how that works out no no this sides moving along well belt there we go they worked out now this diamond lane and soon so some of these people might be thinking i do not have to wait you know honor those stripes anymore see there it is now as free for all everyone can do anything they want and we are at the same time we are merging with another freeway the 5 though or the 5 is dumping onto here we are not merging with it it is their their off ramp is getting onto this freeway if you are going slow a slight wave like this is not a bad idea just to keep people attention on you when you are when they are trying to merge they are looking over here they looking for over there they are not sure if you are using the whole lane maybe they want to try to share it with you well you do something like this and they kind of realized 0 yeah he is there or she is there could be she you want it to look like i am here and do not do not try to cut in front of me around me you do not get near me do not you do not move into my lane you want to be you want to occupy this de lane sounds like it might rain i hope it does not 30 minutes from home and the rain was not the plan and keep your eye out for guys like this now i would not say he was doing bad i mean i came into the lane the same time he did does there is nothing you know he is going to do his thing too and you can not look 24 you know 360 all the time so it is your job to pay attention when someone is doing something stupid obviously you are watching out but even if they are doing something normal it just happens to be kind of close to you that is not the end of the world there is no reason to get mad or we are going to reverend your engine or whatever although i think revving your engine is kind of dumb i do not know why people do that they think that anyone gives a about your engine you know use your horn that is what it is for and get a valid warrant 1st of all mine came it is a sad little easy thing that sound like a goat that died 3 days ago the ground wet emitter did rain here maybe just stopped hope we are in famous

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmePQfkCgIM

this is cos forage sorghum we've had people actually nickname this the strickler sorghum because it's short and cheap really cheap it is an inexpensive sorghum because it's open pollinated so you don't have to do a male female cross we can do our own seed production of this and really for the cost you get a lot of value out of this now this is not a new product it's it's kind of new back on the market this has developed what 50 60 70 years ago by the ars out in akron colorado because it was developed in that high altitude area we tend to think that it does better with some cooler evenings and that higher elevations you can see it's putting seed heads on it's actually classified as a dual purpose sorghum uh for either grain or forage uh again not going to have the high end yield potential of some of the hybrids but dale when and where would you use this coast sorghum well you know just like this year you know we're in the summer 22 right now and we've had severe drought and of course when you're in uncertain circumstances sometimes the best option is to risk the least money yeah but that very seldom is the best option to just plant nothing so getting something cheap out there get that ground covered the the cheapest cover you can have and a lot of times the this coast fits that bill and it can be used as a silage crop it can be used as a hay crop can be used as a grazing crop it's pretty versatile it's not great at anything but it's good at a lot of things and again it's cheap and that's hard to beat so so it's probably half the cost of like a top-line bmr sorghum but you're getting way more than half the value and the benefit out of it with not much risk it's you know 75 of the benefit for half the cost you

this is cos forage sorghum we have had people actually nickname this the strickler sorghum because it is short and cheap really cheap it is an inexpensive sorghum because it is open pollinated so you do not have to do a male female cross we can do our own seed production of this and really for the cost you get a lot of value out of this now this is not a new product it is it is kind of new back on the market this has developed what 50 60 70 years ago by the ars out in akron colorado because it was developed in that high altitude area we tend to think that it does better with some cooler evenings and that higher elevations you can see it is putting seed heads on it is actually classified as a dual purpose sorghum for either grain or forage again not going to have the high end yield potential of some of the hybrids but dale when and where would you use this coast sorghum well you know just like this year you know we are in the summer 22 right now and we have had severe drought and of course when you are in uncertain circumstances sometimes the best option is to risk the least money yeah but that very seldom is the best option to just plant nothing so getting something cheap out there get that ground covered the the cheapest cover you can have and a lot of times the this coast fits that bill and it can be used as a silage crop it can be used as a hay crop can be used as a grazing crop it is pretty versatile it is not great at anything but it is good at a lot of things and again it is cheap and that is hard to beat so so it is probably half the cost of like a top line bmr sorghum but you are getting way more than half the value and the benefit out of it with not much risk it is you know 75 of the benefit for half the cost you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vsd0n93nzns

[Music] hey hi folks how are you i hope all of you are doing good and hell and hearty healthy sound enjoying life now we are going to take up another problem on congruent triangles and you must be cursing me that if someone is doing congruent triangles how can life be good but that's how it is right and i think questions are good and it gives us a lot of mental exercise and we learn how to solve problems so hence i like geometry proving problems i hope if you're also keen on doing geometries then you have to solve more and more problems right so what's the problem here the question says uh ac is equal to bc okay where is ac okay this is ac this is bc and dc a so b c a is equal to e c b e c b i hope you are able to wait a minute let me change this yeah so what i'm saying is this angle here is these angles these are two equal angles clear okay and also angle this a is equal to angle b which is also given okay so let me just remove those highlighted arrows now we have to prove that triangle dbc where is dbc let's highlight d here and check d b c is uh congruent to e a c e a c okay and hence obviously the moment they are congruent lots of other things can be found out we'll see dc is equal to ec and bd is equal to a and all that but i am going to complicate this problem once again and uh what i'm thinking of doing is why don't we join be again and why don't we join d a as well okay now can we prove this so over and above whatever is given can we prove that triangle a db adb is congruent to triangle e a b e a a d b a d b b e a that's fun and hence can you prove that a d is equal to a d is equal to b e this is what is the extra thing you have to do so let's do some mental exercise don't worry first we'll prove what is given and then we'll try and go there okay so let's go about the proof what is to be proven so as we have been doing let's write given so what's given ac is equal to bc no doubt about it ac is equal to bc this is given and what else angle dc a dc a check dca where is dca c a d c a yeah is equal to um e c b e c b s right e c and b very good and dbc angle dbc where is dbc let's check b d is here b is here c is here so this angle is equal to e ac s is equal to angle e a c folks right let me write it a little better way because clarity of mind is what we are seeking so e ac e right properly e a c correct what do we need to prove prove that to prove to prove what do we need to prove triangle what d bc so d bc is congruent to triangle eac e a c and for that what all do we need one thing you wouldn't have seen dbc right so dbc one thing is anyways given ac is equal to bc so that's given also [Music] one angle is also equal if you check see first is this side is equal to this side and this angle anyways is equal to this angle between the two triangles i hope you are able to identify the two triangles we are talking about if not let me draw this for you so this is the first triangle this is the first triangle and the second triangle is this right so just to highlight okay and then i will take it away just to find it so this and this right these two triangles are to prove it we have to prove that these two are equal congruent let me take away all of this otherwise you'll get utterly confused i hope so i'm taking away all this yes right so now so yes so now the picture the two triangles are clear in your mind so let's go about it so in to prove in this triangle so let's say in triangle dbc triangle d bc and triangle e ac what all is known what do we see so one is clearly angle eac or deep angle dbc itself d b c itself is equal to angle e ac so point number one one angle is established to be equal which one i'm talking about this one here this is equal to this right and ac is equal to or in this case the side will be bc so right b c is equal to ac so i'm getting a so if you see this is the a then this is the s so we need one more a and we're done what is that a so either the top angles top angle meaning this d is equal to a e but that's what we have to prove actually see we have to is it no we don't need to prove that but anyways we don't know whether d is equal to e but we know one more thing what is that look at this let me write it here so if you see angle ace a c e is equal to angle bce or let me write e c d trace the points e c d e c d plus plus let me for the convenience sake let me write this angle as x okay and this angle also will be x because that's given so e c d plus x okay and angle b c d p c d is also angle e c d plus x check both are true isn't it ecd happens to be the common angle and x you add to both you'll get to the two of these angles so hence from these two together i can say here and say angle a so first i'll write bcd because i have taken that triangle in the left hand side so angle b b um c d right so b c d is equal to c this one will be equal to angle a c e and turn on so hence the t so we get the third a right so a so a s a criteria fulfilled right then we can say that these two triangles are congruent hence dear friends triangle dbc is congruent to triangle eac right and the moment you say that the entire thing whatever is asked for is actually true so dc where is dc so dc and ec are the cpc right so ncc dc and ec so you can write dc is equal to ec current so this is established and bd is equal to ae so where is bd check bd again this is also ct cpct so this bd and this a will be equal so hence you'll write b d is equal to a e true both are true and reason is congruent parts of sorry corresponding parts of components now the evil mind what we'll do is we'll connect a d n b e do you think these two triangles are also congruent this one adb and b e a can we do that um yes they are and let's look at these two triangles very carefully a d b and a e b right these two triangles clearly a b happens to be the common side right and this angle here this one the e a b is equal to b b a it's also given equal and third we just proved that bd is equal to a e isn't it we just proved that isn't it so hence hence let me now draw further so you see triangle a db mark the point so a db i'm taking first adb again draw it properly a b b triangle adb a d b and triangle b e a interesting these two right what will happen there clearly this a b is equal to b a corresponding side c common size so a b is equal to b a no doubt about it what else we also know that angle abd is equal to angle bae who says i am not saying anything the question is saying right abd um where is it um or is it so yeah abd where was it given a b yeah that is cbd is abd actually so it's given here see abd or abd or cbd same thing right so and e a c e a c is equal to e a b yep so hence these two are also equal and what else we just proved that bd is equal to ae right from where from where from here right bd is equal to a so this again if you see this is s a and s friends so by sas i can say i can say what can i say i can say by sas s a s congruence criteria i can say again a b d triangle a b d is congruent a b d a b d is equal to triangle or whatever we had mentioned we should be mentioning the same this thing so let's not change the change order of the points so adb had written so let's write adb only and this is congruent to triangle b e a b e a perfect right the moment a d b is congruent to b e a we don't need to do much here so again a d will be equal to b e and that is cpcd and hence the extended version of the question is also done and likewise if you want to really extend it further these are some food for thought for you so you can prove d o is equal to o e o a is equal to ob all that right so and yeah so these are you can establish also if this is m this is let's say this point is m this point is n so you can check m c m will be equal to c n also right om will be equal to o n so much so many symmetrical results you can establish and here is how questions are set they will ask you prove that om is good o n correct and that will be extended version of what we just saw which appear to be very very simple so these are food for thought try to prove om is equal to o n o d is equal to oe m a is equal to nb cm is equal to cn lots of lots of things you can do in one problem itself you can do lots of proving things okay so i hope you understood what was the learning in this session learning is we must be very very clear with the four rules of congruences secondly we must be very you know be able to identify the right triangles where you can find out equal parts right so identifying the right set of triangles also is an art it will happen not overnight it will take some time so solve keep solving all such problems and you will see eventually you will be able to find out exactly which two triangles to be found out and made congruent so that the given or the demand of the question can be made i hope you understood this so let's meet again next session new question okay till then bye take care [Music] you

hey hi folks how are you i hope all of you are doing good and hell and hearty healthy sound enjoying life now we are going to take up another problem on congruent triangles and you must be cursing me that if someone is doing congruent triangles how can life be good but that is how it is right and i think questions are good and it gives us a lot of mental exercise and we learn how to solve problems so hence i like geometry proving problems i hope if you are also keen on doing geometries then you have to solve more and more problems right so what is the problem here the question says ac is equal to bc okay where is ac okay this is ac this is bc and dc a so b c a is equal to e c b e c b i hope you are able to wait a minute let me change this yeah so what i am saying is this angle here is these angles these are 2 equal angles clear okay and also angle this a is equal to angle b which is also given okay so let me just remove those highlighted arrows now we have to prove that triangle dbc where is dbc let us highlight d here and check d b c is congruent to e a c e a c okay and hence obviously the moment they are congruent lots of other things can be found out we will see dc is equal to ec and bd is equal to a and all that but i am going to complicate this problem once again and what i am thinking of doing is why do not we join be again and why do not we join d a as well okay now can we prove this so over and above whatever is given can we prove that triangle a db adb is congruent to triangle e a b e a a d b a d b b e a that is fun and hence can you prove that a d is equal to a d is equal to b e this is what is the extra thing you have to do so let us do some mental exercise do not worry 1st we will prove what is given and then we will try and go there okay so let us go about the proof what is to be proven so as we have been doing let us write given so what is given ac is equal to bc no doubt about it ac is equal to bc this is given and what else angle dc a dc a check dca where is dca c a d c a yeah is equal to e c b e c b s right e c and b very good and dbc angle dbc where is dbc let us check b d is here b is here c is here so this angle is equal to e ac s is equal to angle e a c folks right let me write it a little better way because clarity of mind is what we are seeking so e ac e right properly e a c correct what do we need to prove prove that to prove to prove what do we need to prove triangle what d bc so d bc is congruent to triangle eac e a c and for that what all do we need one thing you would not have seen dbc right so dbc one thing is anyways given ac is equal to bc so that is given also one angle is also equal if you check see 1st is this side is equal to this side and this angle anyways is equal to this angle between the 2 triangles i hope you are able to identify the 2 triangles we are talking about if not let me draw this for you so this is the 1st triangle this is the 1st triangle and the 2nd triangle is this right so just to highlight okay and then i will take it away just to find it so this and this right these 2 triangles are to prove it we have to prove that these 2 are equal congruent let me take away all of this otherwise you will get utterly confused i hope so i am taking away all this yes right so now so yes so now the picture the 2 triangles are clear in your mind so let us go about it so in to prove in this triangle so let us say in triangle dbc triangle d bc and triangle e ac what all is known what do we see so one is clearly angle eac or deep angle dbc itself d b c itself is equal to angle e ac so point number 11 angle is established to be equal which one i am talking about this one here this is equal to this right and ac is equal to or in this case the side will be bc so right b c is equal to ac so i am getting a so if you see this is the a then this is the s so we need one more a and we are done what is that a so either the top angles top angle meaning this d is equal to a e but that is what we have to prove actually see we have to is it no we do not need to prove that but anyways we do not know whether d is equal to e but we know one more thing what is that look at this let me write it here so if you see angle ace a c e is equal to angle bce or let me write e c d trace the points e c d e c d plus let me for the convenience sake let me write this angle as x okay and this angle also will be x because that is given so e c d plus x okay and angle b c d p c d is also angle e c d plus x check both are true is not it ecd happens to be the common angle and x you add to both you will get to the 2 of these angles so hence from these 2 together i can say here and say angle a so 1st i will write bcd because i have taken that triangle in the left hand side so angle b b c d right so b c d is equal to c this one will be equal to angle a c e and turn on so hence the t so we get the 3rd a right so a so a s a criteria fulfilled right then we can say that these 2 triangles are congruent hence dear friends triangle dbc is congruent to triangle eac right and the moment you say that the entire thing whatever is asked for is actually true so dc where is dc so dc and ec are the cpc right so ncc dc and ec so you can write dc is equal to ec current so this is established and bd is equal to ae so where is bd check bd again this is also ct cpct so this bd and this a will be equal so hence you will write b d is equal to a e true both are true and reason is congruent parts of sorry corresponding parts of components now the evil mind what we will do is we will connect a d n b e do you think these 2 triangles are also congruent this one adb and b e a can we do that yes they are and let us look at these 2 triangles very carefully a d b and a e b right these 2 triangles clearly a b happens to be the common side right and this angle here this one the e a b is equal to b b a it is also given equal and 3rd we just proved that bd is equal to a e is not it we just proved that is not it so hence hence let me now draw further so you see triangle a db mark the point so a db i am taking 1st adb again draw it properly a b b triangle adb a d b and triangle b e a interesting these 2 right what will happen there clearly this a b is equal to b a corresponding side c common size so a b is equal to b a no doubt about it what else we also know that angle abd is equal to angle bae who says i am not saying anything the question is saying right abd where is it or is it so yeah abd where was it given a b yeah that is cbd is abd actually so it is given here see abd or abd or cbd same thing right so and e a c e a c is equal to e a b yep so hence these 2 are also equal and what else we just proved that bd is equal to ae right from where from where from here right bd is equal to a so this again if you see this is s a and s friends so by sas i can say i can say what can i say i can say by sas s a s congruence criteria i can say again a b d triangle a b d is congruent a b d a b d is equal to triangle or whatever we had mentioned we should be mentioning the same this thing so let us not change the change order of the points so adb had written so let us write adb only and this is congruent to triangle b e a b e a perfect right the moment a d b is congruent to b e a we do not need to do much here so again a d will be equal to b e and that is cpcd and hence the extended version of the question is also done and likewise if you want to really extend it further these are some food for thought for you so you can prove d 0 is equal to 0 e 0 a is equal to ob all that right so and yeah so these are you can establish also if this is m this is let us say this point is m this point is n so you can check m c m will be equal to c n also right om will be equal to 0 n so much so many symmetrical results you can establish and here is how questions are set they will ask you prove that om is good 0 n correct and that will be extended version of what we just saw which appear to be very very simple so these are food for thought try to prove om is equal to 0 n 0 d is equal to oe m a is equal to nb cm is equal to cn lots of lots of things you can do in one problem itself you can do lots of proving things okay so i hope you understood what was the learning in this session learning is we must be very very clear with the 4 rules of congruences secondly we must be very you know be able to identify the right triangles where you can find out equal parts right so identifying the right set of triangles also is an art it will happen not overnight it will take some time so solve keep solving all such problems and you will see eventually you will be able to find out exactly which 2 triangles to be found out and made congruent so that the given or the demand of the question can be made i hope you understood this so let us meet again next session new question okay till then bye take care you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AWE5Tj7w9E

hey guys how's it going so in this video we are going to go over the bisection method which is a numerical method to find out the root of an equation so basically for example if you have a function let's say f of x then you find out the values of x for which the function equals zero so the need for uh such numerical methods basically arises from the fact that sometimes it is very difficult to do or perform a symbolic computation for example if i ask you to find out the roots of a function f of x defined as sine of let's say the cosine of let's say the exponential of x now as you can imagine you wouldn't want to be finding out the roots of such a function by hand of course but if you have access to a computer as well as a programming language that actually it is very easy to find out the rules of such a function by writing some code using the numerical techniques such as the bisection method that we are going to learn today so here i have a function f of x that i have plotted as you can see over here and as you can see that the rule of the function lies somewhere here now what we are going to do in bisection method is we are going to come up with some initial guesses a and b let's say the a lies here and the b point lies here so basically we are going to come up with some initial guesses for x values that are supposed to bracket the root that is the root must belong within the interval a and b so now you might ask me that okay that sounds a bit weird you're telling me that i need to come up with two initial guesses a and b and ensure that they bracket the root that is the root lies within those points i don't even know what the rule is yet i'm going to use this method to find out the rule of the equation so how can i make sure that the answer is actually very simple you can very easily verify or ensure that these initial guesses bracket the root by doing the following when you just check whether f of a multiplied by f of b is less than zero or not if f of a multiplied by f of b is less than zero then it implies that the root lies within the interval a and b now why do i say so so let's have a look over here so here i say that the value of the function at x equals to a is f of a and similarly the value of the function at x equals to b is actually f of b now as you can see very easily that f of a is actually positive while f of b is actually negative therefore the multiplication or the product of f of a and f of b is of course going to be negative and in such a scenario where the root is within these points then of course this product is going to be negative and you can see over here that the function f of x when it is based when it passes through the roots root it actually changes sign from positive to negative so basically what i'm saying is that whenever your function passes through the root it changes its sign thereby ensuring that the product of f of a and f of b if they bracket the root is going to be negative similar situation can happen when let's say your function goes from negative to positive it passes through the root in this direction in this direction of course the f of a would be negative and f of b would be positive and thereby again the product of these two would be less than zero or rather negative therefore so it is a very simple thing to ensure that your initial guess is graphically root or not now what is the next step so the next step would be to calculate the value of c defined as a plus b divided by 2. so what we are basically doing is we are bisecting this interval a b into half so this would be our c and that is why this method is actually known as the bisection method because you start some with some interval using your initial guesses a and b and you keep on dividing or bisecting this interval until you narrow down your route within some error limits so as you can see over here that our new um point c is right at the middle of a and b so this basically is your first iteration of the bisection method as you might know that the numerical methods are iterational in nature so you perform various iterations so similarly here we have made the first iteration where we have calculated the value of c now in the next hydration what we are going to do is we are going to check whether the root lies within the interval a and c or does it lie within the interval c and b and we will adjust our initial guesses or rather the um guess rate accordingly so as you can very easily see here that the root actually lies within the interval a and c therefore what we do is that in the next iteration iteration two maybe and we calculate the lower bound of the initial guess that is let's call it a prime um we let it remain a however the upper bound that was earlier b let's call it b prime now actually becomes c this time so basically now we readjust or redefine our root or rather we narrow down our search window to this interval a and c over here so this is extremely useful because at each iteration you are basically dividing the interval in half and hence narrowing down your search window for the root and you keep on repeating it now here i could tell that the root lies within anc by just looking at the graph however in reality you won't of course have an access to such a graph so you will again as i have stated already you will do something like that like this you will do a calculation of f of a multiplied by f of c and check whether it is less positive or negative and similarly you will calculate f of c multiplied by f of b and check whether it is positive or negative and if this is negative then of course you know that the root lies within a and c however if this is negative then you know that root lies between c and b so in that case you will say that the root lies between c and b as highlighted over here as well however in our case actually the root lies between a and c as highlighted using the green highlighter and the next step would again be to calculate some new c let's call it c prime and this would basically be a prime plus b prime divided by two and in our case it is basically a plus c divided by two and we keep on creating new iterations where we keep on bisecting our search window we start from a and b initial guesses we narrowed them down we check whether which half of the um initial interval contains the root and then we adjust our interval according to that and we keep on doing so so that basically is the idea of the bisection method now you might be wondering when do i stop you say that i keep on finding the new values of c rehydration and keep adjusting my search window but when do i actually stop so the condition for stopping is actually very simple basically stop when your f of c or rather the absolute value of f of c is less than some error limit that you may have so maybe something like 10 to the minus 6 maybe that is good enough for you or whatever is good enough for you you terminate your iterations then now let's try to do an example because i believe that these methods are best explained when we are working with some examples so let's work on an example where we calculate the root of an equation given by x squared minus four so symbolically or analytically it is very easy to see that x squared minus 4 equals 0 that means the roots are basically plus minus 2 so we have two roots in this case either plus two or minus two so since there are two roots um you cannot really find out both the roots simultaneously in bisection methods so in order to find out the positive root you will have to have initial guesses according to that and similarly in order to find out the negative root you will have to adjust your initial guesses accordingly for example for negative root you will need negative initial guesses and similarly for positive root you will require either at least one positive value of the initial guess so these are the analytical roots and now let's try to find the um numerical root using the bisection method so what should we use for our initial guesses i guess in order to make the computation very fast i will use a very good initial guess that is a equal zero and b equals eight so at the first iteration iteration number one i'm going to be calculating c equals a plus b by 2 and that gives us 8 over 2 that is 4 so our midpoint of a and b is 4. now we check whether the root lies between a and c or does it lie between c and b so we do f of a multiplied by f of c which is equal to zero squared minus four multiplied by four squared minus four and that is equal to minus four times sixteen minus four 412 that is minus 48 which is negative now since f of a multiplied by f of c is less than zero therefore we know that this condition over here is is true completely true now before we move on to the next titration what we might want to do is we might want to check whether we we have reached very close to the root or not and we do that by checking the value of f of c now here we can see that the absolute value of f of c is actually 12 and this is very far from zero so of course this cannot be a root so next we go to the next iteration this time we set our a as the starting a that was zero however our b now becomes equal to c the previous c which was four and now we calculate the value of c which is basically two this time because four a plus b zero plus four divided by two is two now this we already know is a root but uh if it was a computer doing this then of course the computer would check whether the absolute value of f of c lies within some error limits let's say 10 to the minus 6 and here of course the value of f of c is actually 0 which is of course less than 10 to the minus 6 and that means we have succeeded in finding the root so that is basically the gist of the bisection method you start with some initial window bracketing your route and then you keep on narrowing down your search by dividing this initial window in half at each step so that is it i hope you guys enjoyed this tutorial in my next few tutorials i will be talking about the error as well as the order of the bisection method the error basically will help you understand how many iterations you will need to make to get the value of the root within some error limits similarly the order of the bisection method will basically tell you how fast your bisection method converges to your root and of course i will be making some videos on newton-raphson method secret method fixed point iteration method and so on so stay tuned and subscribe to the channel for such videos and in case you guys enjoy this video then don't forget to the like button thanks for watching and have a great day

hey guys how is it going so in this video we are going to go over the bisection method which is a numerical method to find out the root of an equation so basically for example if you have a function let us say f of x then you find out the values of x for which the function equals 0 so the need for such numerical methods basically arises from the fact that sometimes it is very difficult to do or perform a symbolic computation for example if i ask you to find out the roots of a function f of x defined as sine of let us say the cosine of let us say the exponential of x now as you can imagine you would not want to be finding out the roots of such a function by hand of course but if you have access to a computer as well as a programming language that actually it is very easy to find out the rules of such a function by writing some code using the numerical techniques such as the bisection method that we are going to learn today so here i have a function f of x that i have plotted as you can see over here and as you can see that the rule of the function lies somewhere here now what we are going to do in bisection method is we are going to come up with some initial guesses a and b let us say the a lies here and the b point lies here so basically we are going to come up with some initial guesses for x values that are supposed to bracket the root that is the root must belong within the interval a and b so now you might ask me that okay that sounds a bit weird you are telling me that i need to come up with 2 initial guesses a and b and ensure that they bracket the root that is the root lies within those points i do not even know what the rule is yet i am going to use this method to find out the rule of the equation so how can i make sure that the answer is actually very simple you can very easily verify or ensure that these initial guesses bracket the root by doing the following when you just check whether f of a multiplied by f of b is less than 0 or not if f of a multiplied by f of b is less than 0 then it implies that the root lies within the interval a and b now why do i say so so let us have a look over here so here i say that the value of the function at x equals to a is f of a and similarly the value of the function at x equals to b is actually f of b now as you can see very easily that f of a is actually positive while f of b is actually negative therefore the multiplication or the product of f of a and f of b is of course going to be and in such a scenario where the root is within these points then of course this product is going to be and you can see over here that the function f of x when it is based when it passes through the roots root it actually changes sign from positive to negative so basically what i am saying is that whenever your function passes through the root it changes its sign thereby ensuring that the product of f of a and f of b if they bracket the root is going to be negative similar situation can happen when let us say your function goes from negative to positive it passes through the root in this direction in this direction of course the f of a would be and f of b would be and thereby again the product of these 2 would be less than 0 or rather negative therefore so it is a very simple thing to ensure that your initial guess is graphically root or not now what is the next step so the next step would be to calculate the value of c defined as a plus b divided by 2 so what we are basically doing is we are bisecting this interval a b into half so this would be our c and that is why this method is actually known as the bisection method because you start some with some interval using your initial guesses a and b and you keep on dividing or bisecting this interval until you narrow down your route within some error limits so as you can see over here that our new point c is right at the middle of a and b so this basically is your 1st iteration of the bisection method as you might know that the numerical methods are iterational in nature so you perform various iterations so similarly here we have made the 1st iteration where we have calculated the value of c now in the next hydration what we are going to do is we are going to check whether the root lies within the interval a and c or does it lie within the interval c and b and we will adjust our initial guesses or rather the guess rate accordingly so as you can very easily see here that the root actually lies within the interval a and c therefore what we do is that in the next iteration iteration 2 maybe and we calculate the lower bound of the initial guess that is let us call it a prime we let it remain a however the upper bound that was earlier b let us call it b prime now actually becomes c this time so basically now we readjust or redefine our root or rather we narrow down our search window to this interval a and c over here so this is extremely useful because at each iteration you are basically dividing the interval in half and hence narrowing down your search window for the root and you keep on repeating it now here i could tell that the root lies within anc by just looking at the graph however in reality you will not of course have an access to such a graph so you will again as i have stated already you will do something like that like this you will do a calculation of f of a multiplied by f of c and check whether it is less positive or and similarly you will calculate f of c multiplied by f of b and check whether it is positive or and if this is negative then of course you know that the root lies within a and c however if this is negative then you know that root lies between c and b so in that case you will say that the root lies between c and b as highlighted over here as well however in our case actually the root lies between a and c as highlighted using the green highlighter and the next step would again be to calculate some new c let us call it c prime and this would basically be a prime plus b prime divided by 2 and in our case it is basically a plus c divided by 2 and we keep on creating new iterations where we keep on bisecting our search window we start from a and b initial guesses we narrowed them down we check whether which half of the initial interval contains the root and then we adjust our interval according to that and we keep on doing so so that basically is the idea of the bisection method now you might be wondering when do i stop you say that i keep on finding the new values of c rehydration and keep adjusting my search window but when do i actually stop so the condition for stopping is actually very simple basically stop when your f of c or rather the absolute value of f of c is less than some error limit that you may have so maybe something like 10 to the 6 maybe that is good enough for you or whatever is good enough for you you terminate your iterations then now let us try to do an example because i believe that these methods are best explained when we are working with some examples so let us work on an example where we calculate the root of an equation given by x squared 4 so symbolically or analytically it is very easy to see that x squared 4 equals 0 that means the roots are basically 2 so we have 2 roots in this case either 2 or 2 so since there are 2 roots you cannot really find out both the roots simultaneously in bisection methods so in order to find out the positive root you will have to have initial guesses according to that and similarly in order to find out the negative root you will have to adjust your initial guesses accordingly for example for negative root you will need negative initial guesses and similarly for positive root you will require either at least one positive value of the initial guess so these are the analytical roots and now let us try to find the numerical root using the bisection method so what should we use for our initial guesses i guess in order to make the computation very fast i will use a very good initial guess that is a equal 0 and b equals 8 so at the 1st iteration iteration number one i am going to be calculating c equals a plus b by 2 and that gives us 8 over 2 that is 4 so our midpoint of a and b is 4 now we check whether the root lies between a and c or does it lie between c and b so we do f of a multiplied by f of c which is equal to 0 squared 4 multiplied by 4 squared 4 and that is equal to 4 times 16 4 412 that is 48 which is negative now since f of a multiplied by f of c is less than 0 therefore we know that this condition over here is is true completely true now before we move on to the next titration what we might want to do is we might want to check whether we we have reached very close to the root or not and we do that by checking the value of f of c now here we can see that the absolute value of f of c is actually 12 and this is very far from 0 so of course this cannot be a root so next we go to the next iteration this time we set our a as the starting a that was 0 however our b now becomes equal to c the previous c which was 4 and now we calculate the value of c which is basically 2 this time because 4 a plus b 0 4 divided by 2 is 2 now this we already know is a root but if it was a computer doing this then of course the computer would check whether the absolute value of f of c lies within some error limits let us say 10 to the 6 and here of course the value of f of c is actually 0 which is of course less than 10 to the 6 and that means we have succeeded in finding the root so that is basically the gist of the bisection method you start with some initial window bracketing your route and then you keep on narrowing down your search by dividing this initial window in half at each step so that is it i hope you guys enjoyed this tutorial in my next few tutorials i will be talking about the error as well as the order of the bisection method the error basically will help you understand how many iterations you will need to make to get the value of the root within some error limits similarly the order of the bisection method will basically tell you how fast your bisection method converges to your root and of course i will be making some videos on newton raphson method secret method fixed point iteration method and so on so stay tuned and subscribe to the channel for such videos and in case you guys enjoy this video then do not forget to the like button thanks for watching and have a great day

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Kqx_oOTgWY

hello everyone um to start us off we have interpretation available in Spanish you can click the bottom of your screen the globe icon to access interpretation in Spanish we have the wonderful Tanya and Elena with us today as interpreters I'll give everyone a second to switch if they would like to right it's so lovely to have all of you with us today um this is the fourth webinar in our series um the power of feminist narratives from fragmentation to solidarity my name is vandita and I'm the modulator of this webinar series put together by The Fabulous Heinrich poll team last Tuesday we held a webinar on the power of feminist research in understanding implications in shaping public discourse with everyone and Shams it was an important and insightful conversation and it left me with a lot of learning on how do we bring our feminist Praxis and our politics together in our everyday life a theme for today is the power of feminist teaching and how it can be used to overcome binary narratives the positioning of feminist academics in Academia is a crucial importance especially since the rise of authoritarianism has legitimized and normalized misogynistic homophobic sexist transphobic and racist discourse even in public institutions and Academia just like when Hungary banned gender studies programs claiming that they were a dangerous ideology today's webinar will aim to unpack some of this and perhaps go a little bit into some of the larger questions around this issue starting with where does our understanding of feminism come from do we merely refer to the liberal feminism shape from the global north and west and what role does a collective experience rooted in different contexts of the world play in feminist teaching in particular what is it that we can learn from feminist movements in global South countries and Southeastern Europe in addition to this how do we teach diverse feminist schools of thoughts in Academia despite being influenced by a certain type of mainstream feminism alongside this we also look at what kind of language would we need to use for better acceptance of gender studies feminist studies and also thus avoiding a misuse of authoritarian regimes we discussed these and other questions with our esteemed and very experienced feminist academic with us today I'm going to give you a second Spotlight them I'm very honored to introduce you to our panelists for the day we have with us agnies she's a Polish a Polish scholar feminist activist and public intellectual she teaches at the American studies Center University of Warsaw her most recent book is anti-gender politics in the populist Moment co-authored by else better uh Coral published by ruthless unfortunately our second panelist Dr yalavi Clark is unable to join us today but before we start off um I want to share a small thing um in my experience with agnies after my first one-on-one call with them the only question I asked them is are there classes of yours that I can attend and is there a way that I can learn from it because the 30 minute conversation was so insightful for me so I can't tell you how excited I am to have them with us for today's webinar thank you so much for having me and um I'm really sorry the other panelist um is not with us I've actually read um her article in preparation which I thought was really fascinating about binary identities um in Africa so maybe we can get um together at some other um Point um yeah the conversation was really fun for me as well uh and uh yeah and there is a class you can attend by not by me but by my students which maybe we can talk about that interview that was recorded and that I consider my greatest teaching achievement anyway let's let's get started thank you thank you that's very kind um before we start off I just wanted to share some housekeeping information um I request that you rename yourself with your name and your pronouns if you feel comfortable doing so just a small reminder that interpretation is available in Spanish and we will also have some time both at the end and throughout for questions so please use the chat to share your questions if you feel uncomfortable sharing it with everybody you can DM you can direct message your question to me as well we also have a community wall where you can engage with us throughout or even after the webinar so I'm going to encourage all participants to start using the chat by sharing their name pronouns if comfortable where you're joining us from and we also thought we could ask you if there's a book you're reading of late that you'd like to share with us while these responses come in I'm going to start us off with my first question to you uh which is it's it's a simple question I think uh why should we talk about feminism in plural why is it important to understand different feminisms it's actually a question I had to figure out for myself um I used to teach a survey class called American feminism and about five or six years ago I changed it um to faces of American feminism uh I wanted to make it feminisms but polish online systems are quite conservative and they thought that was a mistake so um I think we find ourselves ourselves in a in a historical moment when the plural internal plurality of feminism um has become inevitable it's what it's what you teach it's not what you teach around trying to to to create a sense of um uh Oneness but rather it's the differences that I find um fascinating and they're both um intellectual differences in other words I always insist on there being several competitive traditions of feminist thought which are sometimes antagonistic sometimes in dialogue with each other but it's it's actually really useful to see that continuity of several divisions and of course I think since the 80s which is when I became a feminist something dramatic has happened with the assumption that there is such a thing as Global feminism one of the the first books I I got in on my feminist bookshelf was the Robin Morgan Sisterhood is global Anthology I think that would be an unthinkable title today in fact that whole moment in feminist history in the late mid 80s is now viewed with a certain embarrassment um as as the last breath of that effort to make everyone you know sisters without examining the power imbalances ideological differences political differences that that actually divide women as well as the various definitions of what it means to be a woman um and yet I always start my classes with a minimum definition of feminism which I'm happy to share with you so I I teach my students and we end up interrogating that definition eventually is that feminism is the ideology of the women's movement um as well as the movement in other words the word has two meanings and those meanings are sometimes in Conflict as you mentioned in the sense that practices and Theory um are sometimes in tension with each other and that to be a feminist is to uh believe that that women um are treated worse than men that this is a political phenomenon and that it is unacceptable and everything beyond that is Up For Debate including the definition of women of course so why are we treated unequally um how to change it um what is the role of capitalism in the history of of that inequality um what is the role of bodies what is the relationship of that inequality uh between these groups called men and groups for women and um uh and racial or national identities but the the first impulse that I think um must be named and that students find often a relief to name is that well that's what it is it's it's no to be a feminist is to realize that what we are taught very often from Early Childhood to consider As Natural difference is actually an injustice and inequality and I think that Insight is repeated by every generation of feminists it takes different forms but it's always I think there the feminine just aha takes place so that's that's where I start and then I show the Divergent roots thank you I love that um I especially really like the part where you mentioned that you start with your students by giving them a simple definition and then getting them to question that itself and that makes me think about like when I was I've been both a student and a teacher in some ways and when I was a student I remember being told this is what the definition is and it created a lot of discomfort for me because there were parts of it that I'd Interline with or I felt like I needed to explore more to truly own that definition as well and to get that space in a classroom is really beautiful um so yeah definitely I definitely think there is no single feminism and I'm going to ask the participants this question as well um so the question is do you believe multiple feminisms can coexist I think they have coexisted uh for for many generations um and uh the question is whether we we find ourselves in a situation where that coexistence is difficult around certain issues and I think feminism today is at a Crossroads or a difficult turn concerning the the trans rights issue and I I think that that debate is um or that antagonism can be understood variously um some people see it as a betrayal um if you are firmly located on one side then you will see the other side as Traders and not really feminists and to some extent I share that view um but if you step back and look at the genealogy of that debate then you realize that actually the two positions are historically speaking um emergent from the distinction between a difference feminism and equality feminism which runs very deep or to put it differently um in a more modern version essentialism and constructionism and that division has always been there there's a wonderful essay that I very often teach by Anne snito my uh Mentor unfortunately no longer with us it's called gender diary and she actually traces that division within her own life and within the literature feminist literature of the of the 80s and 90s and for me that was a revelation the fact that for for many women it's also an experiential thing for some women to become a feminist is to is to realize that being a woman is a terrible difficult painful thing and to feel oh if only I were not born a woman but for other women to be a feminist is to be glad to be relieved to be a woman and to dwell on Womanhood and so so there is a kind of emotional investment in that but feminists have always either challenged the uh what what is defined as the biological difference between men and women uh or um insisted on it while claiming that patriarchy denigrates the female side and I think those two cohorts have always existed and I'm I'm actually very troubled by the fact that the antagonism today is so deep and occasionally violent um I'm of course I'm on one of the sides but but I also know the history but there are other differences which can be equally um uh painful one is about the relationship between feminism and capitalism and I think that's clearly a dividing line that um you know that the younger gen younger Young Generation of feminists want to talk to uh when I was um in my most prolific years in the 90s that divide was actually obfuscated by so-called post-feminism and that the the neoliberal feminism was so omnipresent that it actually took me some time to realize that I was breathing it but now that divide is right in the center um another divide has to do with religion and depending on whether you live in a society that wears secularism is a given or completely off the table you will live that division differently and I've actually changed my position several times over over religion so so there are power there are long lasting debates and I think feminism does not exist as a single worldview it's not Dogma it's not a sect in Poland we like to say that feminism is not a political party and does not have a Central Committee um you know which was the body that under communist times told uh party members what to think so we don't have one you know you if you want to know what feminists think you have to ask a number of feminists and you'll get different answers yeah thank you I love that I really enjoyed the reflexivity of your own experiences already have questions coming in so one of the questions that I think would be really great to ask at this point is you mentioned when I became a feminist and you also referred to people becoming feminists um so participants would love to understand that how does one become a family is then how do you teach or convey this message I also want to bring up something you shared with me in our conversation which was what is the goal of feminist teaching and you know you mentioned that to become a feminist you have to be able to do this as a free person with your own agenda and I'd love for you to expand on that a little bit well I became um I became a feminist in in the most boring way possible I read a book um and that book was um Virginia wolves A Room of One's Own which I read with such uh such excitement and and uh well pain and it was it was just a revelation for me that I ended up translating it into polish it was my first publication I um and it's actually still imprinted was reprinted recently so apparently I'm I'm I did a good job so so that was I was also a student at a university where there were lots of feminists but I thought um I went to the states to study but actually I made an effort to find out how women become feminists um by asking um a lot of them when I was writing my First Book World Without women and um and a lot of them uh gave me an answer which is Out Of Reach for me because I'm a single child I don't have brothers apparently a lot of women become feminists after being repeatedly told to clean up after their brothers I heard a lot of stories about dirty socks and the expectation that the sister do the cleaning up and I was recently at a um as a teacher I guess at the meeting in the Polish Parliament with a lot of Polish high school students where this question was asked and again the dirty socks experience was was pretty vivid um but I think it's it's a generational thing there are generations of women in certain locations where you are almost born into feminism that's what the so-called third wave in the 90s in the US was one of the metaphors they had in this period was that feminism is like fluoride you drink it with the water that's how I found out they have fluoride in the water in the states so there were Daughters of feminists that were raised feminists and then they had to Define their own feminism in relationship to their mothers but then there are generations and I certainly was a member of such a generation in Poland where to be a feminist is to be marked as crazy um deviant strange unmarriageable another thing um gay all sorts of things and and to to claim that identity is actually a huge step into an abyss and a a dangerous and liberating experience um and so I I belong to a small cohort of women that did that in Poland in the 90s and you know went into the streets and overcoming the shame and the stigma and bonding with other women making the taking that risk so I think it's it really varies and I'm finding the that a lot of my students today become feminists through participating in other movements so they will be in involved in uh you know in queer movements in um ecological movements and climate change and they will they will realize that within those movements they are being treated differently as women which of course is an experience that has a long history that's what happened to many American women during the Civil Rights era that you know they would be fighting for other people's causes um passionately and then realizing they're making tea for the men who are making the speeches so I think there are certain patterns but but it depends on the location and then I'm I'm always mindful of the dirty socks story I think it's it's useful to know that a lot of it is just minimal it's it's you know small everyday experiences that radicalize women and make them rethink their whole upbringing uh social and emotional makeup um you're asking about the goal of feminist teaching oh I'm um I guess I teach feminism in different ways um when I teach it at the University I try to keep a distance and to remember that I'm a cultural studies person in a cultural studies department and that while I occasionally teach feminism as a methodology for instance in film studies I teach course courses on film with feminist film Theory as the methodology um I I primarily teach about feminism in other words I treat it as part of the history of the country about which I'm teaching which happens to be the United States I teach about the interconnection between feminism as a social movement and a theory and various other theories and historical developments sometimes I I teach about feminism as a player in uh struggles I'm teaching a cultural Wars class today um this semester and and feminism is actually paired with anti-feminism but what inevitably happens because I'm a publicly known person in Poland and I also write activist essays is that my students you know push me further they they ask me about what do you really think about Phyllis Schlafly and so you know you can't always resist the temptation to express your views and I also believe that positionalities matter so so I teach about feminism rather than teach feminism and that might be a weakness um but that that's how I operate and I I and I discover year after year that by being taught about feminism and being given the Liberty to distance themselves or not and also to to explore different versions of feminism or different um trajectories um many students not exclusively female um are radicalized and re-examined their own lives but um uh but in in my case um this radicalization tends to happen as a side effect of an intellectual encounter so um you know I'm I guess I'm I'm just a you know well-trained academic and I I and I try to keep my activists shoes in a separate cupboard um but then there is but there is that other activist cupboard and I I do occasionally um speak to activist audiences and then it's a whole different matter um I try to make them self-conscious about a tradition of which they're already a part I try to make them aware of internal disputes within feminism but you know it's it's a it's a different tone it's a different game when I'm um when I'm talking to fellow activists and I've also been a part of those debates like you know I've changed my position on uh on pornography and sex work over the last 20 years and that was under the influence of many teaching moments and learning moments it's a I I think of feminism as an intellectual Adventure basically which and and how how people engage with it and how um how personal they get about it it depends both on the person and the political moment no that's really interesting um I especially um found that part very intriguing where you mentioned that you don't teach feminism you teach about feminism I think that also creates the space for people to sort of understand their own feminisms um I also want to share quickly the poll results so all the participants here do agree that multiple feminisms can coexist um I also want to reflect agnies on the first part you mentioned about the dirty socks bit um if it's okay I'll share a bit of a personal incident not a dirty socks thing because fortunately my brother is as much of a feminist as I am but my mother told me this when I was eight years old when I was born um my entire family and I come from a big Indian family they were expecting a boy so the hospital room was full like everyone was waiting the moments they got to know they waited for hours right they waited through Labor Etc and the moments they got to know it's a girl everyone left except for my father everyone my father didn't care he said you know I have a child and I'm happy and like my parents and my brother have been very strongly feminist perhaps without knowing the language of it but also really resonated with me when you shared about everyday experiences that shape feminism like my mother would never say she's a feminist and I definitely belong to that second category where when you say your feminist you're not marriageable you're crazy um you're sort of outlawed from certain sections of society but that is also that adoption of certain principles of feminism in people in my life who may not adopt the label so um everything that you shared was really strongly resonating with me so thank you for sharing that and we have a bunch of questions for you in chat but I want to ask you one before I get to them you mentioned when you were sharing a lot about how feminism is about power right and how a lot of the different feminisms have been about questioning power relations have been looking at the intersection between politics power Academia um even looking at how it's been shaped historically so question then is why is it important to teach about gender and sexuality in the context of power relation and also do you think there has been a shift in the understanding of gender that is bended towards depolitization yeah that's something I've been thinking about a lot um and trying not to judge trying to be an observer um first I I've actually reconsidered my earlier answer um I don't just teach about feminism I teach as a feminist I always put my cards on the table and most people know anyway um and I guess what that means is that I take women's women's intellectual lives very seriously um I um I teach essays from the 70s Adrian Rich for instance has a number of essays but also Virginia Woolf has been really important to me there there's that you know um first wave second wave Insight that that I that shaped me tremendously which is that women are encouraged to give up on their intellectual lives in order to have reproductive lives and emotional lives and I won't have that I've I've actually antagonized students by telling them that I will not take excuses for not you know for for missing deadlines when they tell me that you know they had to prepare a huge dinner for their husband I mean if it's a baby then I've learned that you know care work has a different position and I do allow for that but but but I'm extremely cautious to about students female students this happens a lot in Poland allowing themselves to be lazy and I'm sorry to be using that stigmatizing term but just you know dropping things because they are really in it for you know they they think of themselves as future wives and mothers and and so that is a value I think that you know taking your life seriously as an intellectual is part of the feminist ethos and I teach about it but I also teach it um gender sexuality power up to me the way I was educated and feminist Theory that's absolutely Central in other words the the term gender as it developed in gender studies in um starting the 70s and then when it become became institutionalized as gender studies rather than women's studies is about the is about um gender imbalance in other words you would the experience that you were relating which by the way is heartbreaking and I've heard stories like this also from my uh you know from my life including from mothers and including from daughters who who realized that they were expected to be a boy that is the ultimate gendered experience in other words you realize that your value as a human being is measured by a cultural standard in which men's lives are worth more than women's lives and you know female infanticide is the X stream version of that but you know the socks bit it's also a realization of that of that type right in other words your brother is someone who deserves to have his socks picked up and your destiny in life is to pick up the socks of men and you can extrapolate from that by I don't know reading the second shift by early host child or uh you know reading about um which which trials it's you know it's all over the place gender is about the the the Lesser value of women in patriarchal cultures so what happens to this category in recent years and some feminists are troubled by it some are fascinated by it is that gender becomes synonymous for the social construction of identity for the free choice of pronouns in other words um and I you know I realized that the pronouns thing is all about um making a gesture towards people whose pronouns do not correspond to their um you know to their self-presentation or to their presumed biological endowment and I you know I do it when I'm asked to do it but there's something inside me and it may be my training in the 80s and 90s that says well actually we don't get to choose our pronouns and that's the problem in other words there to me there is something um uh disturbing about my students um certainty that gender is about freedom because to me gender is a regime right it's actually that uh that whole system of of symbols uh remunerations um the way we are interpolated as subjects in early childhood that that tells um you know females that their worst worth less than males and also tells males who have a feminine gender expression that they're worth less in other words anything that's that's associated with femininity in patriarchal culture is immediately downgraded it is about power and that has a symbolic economic intellectual Dimension and that's what the study of feminism is all about so I think there that what we are witnessing right now in the loosening of gender Norms in in Western societies and let's face it this is a western primarily a western phenomenon um is is a huge change and I'm very curious of where it will go um because uh because there's tremendous backlash against it and it might not last on the other hand because the backlash is so obsessed with gender um I'm I'm willing to allow that this is where the revolution is today that it's not about telling stories about about socks or unequal pay or I don't know menstrual the need for menstrual leave which I understand in some countries is being introduced right now in other words those changes that for equality that actually assume um that biology is um is you know where the action is and uh and that the revolution might be in um non-binary um self-definitions but it's a but it is a shift it is and it is a shift within feminism and because that shift is so fast and so sweeping um I think uh um the that break that you were asking about earlier uh that the so-called turf wars are are such as you know so antagonistic so strong because it is it is a real change within feminism I don't think we can pretend that the word gender means what it meant in gender studies 20 years ago thank you for that um there are a couple of questions in chat I'm going to pick that up for now uh one I would definitely want to know more on when you say gender is a regime if you could expand upon that but also another question in relation to that I'm just gonna pick it up yeah um is that when you're speaking you're speaking of men and women and why is it that you're not speaking of trans and non-binary folks is a question from a participant the answer to the second question is because I'm um old-fashioned and a little tired from teaching I guess I would say that if I thought about it and I'm you know I'm happy to to add but um as far as the gender regime is concerned um the way the term functioned until recently was to talk about societal Norms expectations uh and hierarchies in other words the gender regime is that which tells women that they must shave their legs and armpits and which says that non-binary people are non-existent in other words you must choose your gender we live um although maybe that's not true about you vandita because India is is actually has a very interesting um uh variation and and it goes way back in history for people who are in between or who refuse to be either but in in Western societies the gender regime is obsessively binary um it's also obsessed with women's softness and men's toughness which results in a very particular set of rules for emotional self-expression or lack thereof I mean these are all these are all banalities right the idea that you know that men shouldn't um shouldn't cry the idea that that women are more sensitive or somehow predestined to take care of their children or to take care of people in general if you are uh if you were in gender studies in the 90s studying gender was about studying the oppressiveness of those rules if you are in gender studies today doing gender studies is at least to some extent about studying the variation in self-definitions that are available to people in other words the the political act today which I've I'm sorry I failed to um to engage in is to always add CIS gendered when you're talking about people whose gender and biological whatever match and to always add trans and non-binary when you're mentioning men and women it's a new game and you know it's a game I'm willing to play to a certain extent but I'm also interested in historicizing this game in other words to to seeing that that's not what feminism was 10 or 20 years ago and by noting that historicity I'm not saying that you know in the 1969 which is my favorite period in feminist history by the way it's extremely exciting and and funny and colorful but they were all transphobes um well no they weren't transphobes just the the trans question wasn't the core question at the time the core questions were you know rape orgasms um violence against women uh it you know feminism has a history and the the emergence of the um of gender as self-identity is is part of that history that's how I see it but I can understand why a certain cohort of women who are committed to that earlier definition would say that this is uh that this is a misunderstanding at best or a betrayal at worst and that's where the turf wars are about about the rejection of that shift within feminism okay thank you for that um I will wait in case participants have follow-up questions um so if you do please leave them in chat and I will get to them in a bit I do also want to understand and I'm going to pick up a question from a participant there are questions on like the north-south divide and gender right I think you also mentioned how say in a country like mine um the understanding of gender historically has been very different and there is a colonial impact of how gender then shaped and shifted over the last day to all three centuries so I'd love to understand and there's a this is a question from Anne Chris is what relations do you see between the globalization of feminism so to say and post-colonial discourse is on feminism okay the the history of feminism includes a moment uh at the end of the 19th century when most uh feminist movements in Europe but also I think that would be include including Australia and the United States were actually pretty racist and Colonial and one of the the the a nationalist in other words the the the primary argument of the suffragettes working at the time was that uh women need to be given the right to vote so as to prevent um the race mixing for instance that was an argument which which is completely Unthinkable even 20 years later but it was there so I think feminism has a very troubled um history with uh of of collusion with colonialism and racism and that history has been examined um it has made some Progressive women anti-feminist in other words there is that argument around that feminism is inevitably western or racist and Colonial and some of this argumentation has actually been taken up by the global right in a strange twist um and that's something that I've been studying in in our book um the anti-gender um politics in the populist moment um we show we demonstrate how uh the global right um you know including the Catholic Church religious fundamentalists in the United States but also in Brazil various groups that we identify have persistently used the argument that gender is a form of colonization I would be very curious by the way to hear if people have heard this argument in their various locations it's out there it's an argument that the right the anti-feminist right has been using and the feminist movement is very um in a very difficult position responding to it because it it's clearly not true that that gender equality is a colonial imposition in fact gender inequality and the binary gender system was the colonial imposition in a lot of contexts but it's also true that the United Nations um uh around you know around the middle mid 80s and then going strong and into the 90s use the language of global human rights which I actually I find it extremely useful I've used it myself as a feminist but it is a language which takes for granted the hegemonic position of Western feminism and that is a problem and the right has been taking advantage of that uh of that problem so I don't know if that answers your question I would say that as with many other questions it's complicated and sometimes as an activist I'm I'm tempted to ignore that complication and just say it's you know the answer is simple feminism is good and anti-feminism is bad but actually feminism bad things have been done in the name of feminism and and we need to reckon with that right no um I think especially the part in life I think there is a tendency at least in my context to blame everything on colonization um especially when you don't like it and there isn't an understanding sometimes if things that have gone wrong internally or unequal Power Systems that have existed within the country as well before colonization happened I give you a small example um some studying in the UK currently and in the UK I have a lot of fellow Indians in my class but this is the first time we Face discrimination because of race Etc and it really makes me think about who are we like who are the students here because we often come from oppressor caste communities because back in our countries we've never faced discrimination because we're perhaps the ones doing the oppression and that is not a result of colonization um that existed before colonization came in and exists even today um and also the part about how gender binary is Perhaps Perhaps a construct that's been imposed on us at least on my country and certain contexts thank you for sharing that there's another question by Jen Cruz in line with this they would love to understand where you think Europe stands politically speaking in terms of feminisms like do you think there are countries that are leading the conversation here um do you think there is a political Bend in Europe in terms of feminist views was that was Europe part of that question what countries are leading in Europe yes um I'm an americanist so perhaps I'm not the best person to ask that question I mostly read debates happening in the U.S um and recently I think there has been an upsurge in feminist writing in Eastern Europe which is very interesting to me as a scholar so you know I don't follow all the debates you know French feminism of the 60s and and 70s and 80s is is canonical right I mean you cannot really do feminist history and feminist Theory without reading lnc TSU or Lucy rigare and so on and now there's um uh Paul presiado who is Spanish but writes in French and you know and and he formerly she is a crucial voice of I don't know if it's European or Global feminism so I'm I don't know I think it you know in terms it would be easier for me to speak in terms of activism you know where is the action and I would say Spain and Italy and Poland are on my radar screen it's where the largest feminist uh um uprisings have happened in recent years in response to powerful uh misogynistic movements um but I would you know I would really gladly hear about important writing coming out of whatever country I'm heavily influenced by British feminism I can say because I was I um I needed account to counter balance American feminism which tends to be very individualistic and when it talks about diversity or economic inequality and it almost immediately starts talking about race which is which is a crucial topic and I see there is a question about it but it's not the same as as socialist feminism so when I became aware of Sheila robotam and then later I think Nancy Fraser is British by Brooke I'm not sure um then that that was a game changer for me um so psychoanalytic feminism coming from France was what was crucial for me and my education and of course simonda bevoir but then the Socialist feminists um uh from from Britain but yeah I'm not I'm not very well versed in German feminism for instance and I'm sure they're I'm missing something I can see there's a question about about racism yeah and feminism and about black feminist thought and I would like to address that because it's actually can I just bring that question up so it can be translated I'll just read it out yes so the question is how are you teaching about racism in feminism and about black feminist thought and feminists of color which narratives about the women's movement in the USA do you used to get everybody in the picture go ahead please yeah I would say that African-American feminists are about a third of my syllabus um and I'm actually uh I've been um called out on not having enough uh indigenous or uh or Asian feminists and that's because I think of race as a absolutely Central issue of American cultural history and therefore that division without within feminism and those those conflicts are absolutely Central to to my understanding well I teach it by by making my students read first Sojourner Truth than iwls and and other women of that generation and then Angela Davis um the kombahi river statement franville and then later obviously the intersectionality theory and some of the recent voices but I also teach um about tropes in other words I look at how um and this is a discovery of black feminists uh Patricia Collins perhaps is a crucial name here in other words I I I ask my students to look at American culture through an African-American feminist lens we watch movies from the 50s or 60s and and I ask them I push them to notice that almost every movie from that era contains a scene in which a nanny um a black woman speaks with an artificially um high voice and says something extremely silly and then disappears and so we want well what is this what what what does this need to bring in the Deviant black female face but then also bring her out of the picture who are these women black women in May West movies who is the nanny what is what is what is the function that she plays and uh and some I've actually supervised several Theses on these images on what Patricia Collins calls the controlling images The Nanny The Jezebel um the extremely images that are both sexist and racist at the same time there of course exist also on the male side gendered images such as um the black brute or and so we talk a lot about not just about black feminism or about um inevitably racism in white mainstream feminism especially of the 70s but we also talk about the insights of black feminists which I think ironically became the central insights of gender studies in ensuing years in other words we're not I don't I don't include black feminists as a minority within a you know kind of salad bowl but it's actually the authors of what eventually became the the core Insight of gender studies of intersectionality theory um uh it's a perspective more than a phenomenon I would say um Angela Davis is a key is a key text I usually and Bell hooks to some extent but I I really like the the that early book by Angela Davis and which has also been translated into polish but my students tend to really like Bell hooks um so I follow them there as well and we also read a lot of Audrey Lord partly because I I um you know I'm trained in literature and I find Lord to just be a genius of the English language and some of the some of those insights that I've been mentioning she just writes them in these incredible poetic moving wise also autobiographically so I would say that that black yeah I'm never taught a course exclusively on black feminism but I've been accused of having too much black feminism in my in my courses um yeah I guess like there's one more reflection that I would like to share um is that uh black feminism is more relatable than mainstream white feminism when you are teaching outside the United States in other words you know in a post-socialist country when when you're talking to groups of people who are raised by working mothers who are routinely accused of being too strong to being ball Breakers too responsible you know you give them Betty free dance Feminine Mystique to read which we have to because it's a classic and it's fun in its own way and they're like this is exotic this is strange what do you mean housewife they've never met one like Polish women work it's a poor country on the other hand when they read Michelle Wallace's um essay on the black matriarch where she talks about how black women in the United States work extremely hard and are constantly accused of um you know being too strong and and you know and and a threat to their men's masculinity oh that they say that's my story that's my mom that's my grandmother so there's a strange um there's a relatability and I find a lot of students want to write about black feminism for that reason okay thank you um I personally also I feel like whenever I've read anything coming from black feminist authors I find that there is an intrinsic and you correct me if I'm wrong there is an intrinsic material analysis to their feminism um that really reaches out to someone like me because it is representative of my life and it is representative of the struggles I face perhaps even what you mentioned around a lot of it being autobiographical when it started out um could perhaps play a role in that to make it more relatable to people yes but of course American feminism in general um is heavy on autobiographical tropes in other words reading feminism is reading women tell the stories of you know how they awakened but you're right when you're reading uh when minor women from my ethnic minorities or working-class women that some that's a whole other white so-called white trash woman um who who examine their class position and the masculinities in white working class there is a context uh or materialist component which I think makes a lot of sense including I think to contemporary middle class white people in the states in other words you know those days of the 70s when you know everybody was more or less well off and you know your therapist was your main problem that that's exotic that's gone those days of prosperity and uh pure culture wars are gone so yeah and but but also the fact that gender in it on its own doesn't really do do much for us anymore we need done intersectional analysis so you know Gloria Steinem is a cultural document on the other hand the kombaki river Collective statement actually there is a kind of realness about it that that my students discuss yeah no I really appreciate that I think for me the river Collective statement also speaks to failure and I feel like that reflection on failure and that reflection on this is who we are and this is how we show up is very important um there are a bunch of questions um so I'm going to pick one of them up that's related to this so one of the participants commented that there are good practices of movements coming together um say trans and cure activism movements coming together with more mainstream women's rights movement um and there's a related question that I'd love for you to answer is that other principles that bind us together as feminists is this something you bring into your teaching or even in your personal practice if you'd like to answer me principles that bind us together as feminists um you know we used to talk about Sisterhood as an ethos you know always putting your uh your your sisters in battle first but I think that you know enough um critique of um of Sisterhood has has been produced in in the last decades to make me skeptical of that um it's it's hard to put into words I mean I think it's a movement that that that valorizes um solidarity with including solidarity across um class lines polish feminism has a slogan you will never walk alone which I think was also it has a history somewhere in in sports but I know it was around a lot in the black lives matter movement this idea that you do not abandon people that there that we are a community and not a group of um liberated individuals so and then egalitarianism I've I I I come from a fairly hierarchical society in which academics speak to each other using um terms like professor professor doctor you know always marking hierarchy we don't do that in feminist circles we're all on first name basis and I think there isn't there's a conscious effort at egalitarianism um and you know we like to think the the of the feminist groups including research groups as friendship groups but they're they're not always that and I think they're you know there's also an ongoing conversation about um Woman to Woman cruelty hierarchies and so on um but I guess I'm too deeply incited to to judge that ethos in comparison to say you know the ethos of people doing anthropology or the ethos of people engaged in other forms of activism um but yeah being careful about you know how you treat other people is a big part of it and and and the word care in the last year years has has joined the discussion more than the idea of individual Freedom or individual um you know competitiveness and of course in Poland the word solidarity has a special meaning to it which feminism um tries to draw on I've written about the way that we draw on earlier traditions of activism an ethyl sun and symbolism right no I mean I know you didn't give principles but I still heard of you um I think especially those around egalitarianism and I think a little bit even around how sometimes solidarity solidarity can be meaningless in words if it's not followed up with action and how that can perhaps be a gap in a lot of our contexts like I find that in the Indian context the places I work in where solidarity is now sometimes used as a language or a brand um as a way to like further discourse as a way to gain popular attraction but it isn't followed up with action because action requires work in action also requires sitting with discomfort and sometimes navigating through the discomfort so I'm gonna ask you um one of the questions that comes up from reading your book who is afraid of gender um you speak about how we might be able to reach more people by speaking of everyday experiences than by speaking of human rights which can sometimes be really abstract right and I also heard that a little bit in the examples you were sharing um Even in our one-on-one conversation I remember you mentioning that theory can sometimes be intimidating and it can also be a gatekeeping factor for a lot of people to participate in movement but so then in keeping with that um do you think populist feminism can help us understand and strengthen local feminist resistance um our book is is an analysis of movements that are in existence in other words we're not giving advice we are describing what's actually going on and I think um the name populist feminism has been contested some people say that it actually sounds like uh so we could for the purpose of this conversation I could replace it with popular feminism that you know the feminism of new ornamentals of the black um the black protests in Poland of the women's March on Washington in the states of you know the the this was not happening 10 years ago it coincides with the rise of right-wing populism and it's a stage in in feminist history some some Scholars have referred to it as a fourth wave which claims the the idea of people We the People uh for uh feminists for for women talking about women's rights but but they're also talking about economic Injustice the you know the it's feminism for 99 as um discussed by by uh in this famous Manifesto A few few years ago co-authored by um Fraser among others um it is also a movement that is not afraid of emotions in other words unlike the second wave which was very often ironic cryptic the third wave which was often High theoretical and um many women found it inaccessible its discourses the fourth wave speaks in in in powerful phrases it talks about pain it talks about life and death it talks about survival it talks about in Poland we actually analyze the slogans that accompany the wave of protests it talks about the other side patriarchy being about torture and cruelty in other words feminism has in recent years claimed the language of everyday experience but also the language of values the language of moral outrage and I find it fascinating and empowering and I watch my students you know become feminists not by reading Virginia Woolf but by reading the most recent you know newspaper and finding out that their lives are in danger because religious fundamentalists are planning to take what remains of our Reproductive Rights away so there is a kind of Fury about it it's a lot like the 60s actually in that way that you know feminism becomes a mass movement overnight and I mean that literally in Poland when the complete abandoned abortion was proposed in nine in 2016 the Facebook group that was started by three women uh overnight became a group of sixty thousand and then the next day there were there were massive demonstrations so yeah everyday experience uh emotionality um and Building Bridges and bringing building coalitions very fast and they they're also fragile because they were built so fast uh but it is a real social movement it's it's not a it's not an academic and it's not just a field of an academic inquiry which of course makes my teaching very different when I started teaching feminism in the late 90s I was teaching something abstract mysterious exciting something that had potential but was just really odd and two years ago when I started my class on faces of feminism most of my students were wearing buttons that they had you know that that they used during Street demonstrations because it was it was at the height of the the the black protests so very different context thank you for that I think even in India and in other contexts that I've worked in for feminism to become popular it has to become a lot more relatable to each person's experience I remember um even the Argentinian one that the example you mentioned I think what I found so powerful about that was it changed the narrative to talk about the right to life and the right to life of the person bearing the child and it started with a small green like scarf and a small slogan and it took over so thank you for that um there are a bunch of related questions that have for you in terms of what is popularism um then lead to in terms of backlash right but before I ask you that um I'm gonna ask our participants there's a multimeter Link in chat we'd love to understand from you some backlash against feminist movements that you have seen in your context this could be your country where you live um whatever context you want to share and maybe we'll take a minute to let everyone answer this so the backlash question is that what we're talking about um do we want to maybe wait for some participant responses I'm just mindful that you know oh you're you're I'm sorry I lost I was lost in the depths of Zoom uh we're hearing about backlash from other people yeah um I'd love to hear from you as well but I thought it'd be nice to get some responses from the participants yeah well what we're diagnosing in our book is a global wave of backlash which we refrain from calling backlash actually we think that the term which comes of course from the famous book by Susan feludi might be misleading in that it's more than backlash it's actually a huge offensive of a new kind of uh often religiously motivated patriarch patriarchal ideology and power and it's not it likes to see itself and to present itself as a reaction against the supposed excesses of feminism but it's actually quite self-sufficient I mean the some of the the the the ideas that the global anti-gender movement has would take us back to you know to before women had the vote um they they are in the they're contemplating outlawing divorce complete bans on abortion of course um homophobic uh laws that you know in the west they might be about reversal of um uh gay marriage but in in places like Russia it's about you know persecution and and putting people in prison so I think it's it's worse than backlash what we're talking about we're talking about a wave of what in some places can be called right-wing populism that's obsessed with gender and in some places you can I think safely call it Fascism and so backlash is too weak a word I would say there's no idea that um I think the backlash has some very severe consequences in undermining rights I'll also share my screen and perhaps you have any Reflections on what's being shared so some of the backlash that people are saying that they have seen is um in one increase in cancer culture um the idea that women have and ask for too many rights nowadays um that feminism is overshadowing real property right like global warming or money problems not understanding that there's a correlation um they give an example how in France inclusive language has been politicized and translators and copyright writers may lose work because of their feminist position very interesting um in Germany there's a strong opposition to feminist development policy yeah there are a bunch of answers coming in I'm wondering if you have um any thoughts on any of this yes I think that gender issues uh meaning gay rights Trends rights the new wave of gender identities but also Reproductive Rights violence against women that these issues are at the center of the new cultural Wars and that some some Scholars have argued that what we are viewing is a Resurgence of um masculinity which is resentful about the you know the changes that took place over the last few decades and that it's a it's a real effort to reinstate a gender regime you know that maybe we shouldn't be thinking in terms of uh his Progressive historical trajectories we don't know if they would want us to go back to the 50s or maybe the 1820s but certainly the the project is to um to naturalize men and women as uh completely binary categories with nothing in between and uh to relegate women to to reproductive um functions and to give to empower men in what is considered natural masculinity and I'm I'm saying this based on a lot of reading of um um alt-right uh positions on gender I I wrote a paper on the new masculinities listening to many Jordan Peterson videos and so on there it's the the culture of new masculinism is really out there um uh but it's one of the one of the the contributors mentioned uh cancel culture I'll be I would be very curious of what is meant by that so-called radical feminist being engaging called cancel culture these are both very contested terms and not knowing where the person is coming from I have no idea what it means actually okay so I um actually can't tell who was added what I'm saying the person whose added it would like to share it if they would like to explain I would be very interested in that yeah because of course you know there are feminists who call themselves radical feminists um and are actually considered anti-feminists by others um and I'm talking about the the so-called gender critical feminism uh on the other hand the concept of cancel culture is extremely contested also because some some feminists would tell you it doesn't exist at all it's just part of the right wing language but some would say that you know that actually it does exist it's you know it's a very complex scene and I think the internet and social media have been a game changer um and one thing that that feminism has to face um is that we are not quite as good at social media as uh the outright trolls the Russian trolls the misogynists and you know I don't know if it's if if it's a gendered phenomenon if you could you know some people just say of course women don't spend so much time online as men do or if it's about Progressive movements not being so well versed in hate speech and trolling and uh it's it's it's a huge problem 20 years ago it seemed like the internet would be this place where equality and free debate rules but I think we now know that's not the case the internet is what made Trump the president of the United States and and so on definitely thanks for that I was just um I had done I was going to attend an event that looked at how anti-gender movements have taken over the digital space and how they're so Insidious in being able to reach a population that a lot of feminist groups just can't right uh because of access to resources technical know-how Etc and also the very construction of digital spaces is designed to enable that sort of division and it's designed to enable that sort of political and social thinking silos and it gets worse they're in worser um so a lot of at least in my experience a lot of conversations that I would have perhaps had with someone over coffee or in a classroom um now are no longer conversations because they happen behind screens and it's easier to become a part of what you call Echo Chambers and then only exists in that thank you for that so we have a lot of questions for you um and we have about 20 more minutes so I'm going to hold on to my questions I will keep one for later and maybe ask you a couple of questions from the ones that have come in um I think you mentioned it a point that your students love Bell Hooks and that's why you do uh defer to it and you do uh teach more of it just going to there is a question on Bell hooks for you is it's from aryada I hope I'm saying your name correctly it's what about Bell Hook's idea of activism in the classroom uh what does that resonate with you what do you think of it um and also thinking of teaching and learning as activism for example I'm ambivalent about it um it it may be a question of being uh trained in a fairly conservative academic environment um but I I think in Poland it just there there's something about being obviously and um bringing your politics into the classroom in this completely obvious manner that that makes that disqualifies you as an academic and I'm in a way I'm getting the um you know the bad end of both uh sides of this debate because I'm accused of not being activist enough um by people who assume that Bell hooks is the guy you know is the guidelines that can can be applied everywhere um and I think it's contextual I think she is speaking from a very American situation American campuses have been very political for a very long time in ways that they aren't in other locations but I also get accused of my fellow academics of being too political so my solution to that problem in recent years has been increasingly to teach conflict to and I teach courses on the cultural Wars on the Dynamics of polarization and so on but I believe that a certain amount of maybe even pretended neutrality gives students you know Elbow Room I don't expect my students to all be left-wing and feminist I welcome conservatives in my classrooms I think Academia is about thinking and not about um being forced to make commitments so in that way I am old-fashioned thank you for that um there's a follow-up related question by seriban Imran and their question is related to the dichotomy you shared around being an activist and an Activision right so the question is are you able to draw a line between activism and Academia and are we doing infer from what you've shared that academics who do their academic work from an activist perspective are not well trained so what is the line between activism and Academia and can we assume that there is a need separation I remember when you and I spoke you said this one line that stayed with me where you said that Academia is the archive of the feminist movement and if that's not the case then it's not like it's not useful so do you want to expand on that [Music] yes it's actually something I I heard in a feminist class many years ago and it stuck with me and it was the statement was made by a by one of the founders of women's studies in Britain and um it struck me because at the time this was late 90s there was a lot of feminist theory that was completely detached from any activist base but that was the case in Western European and Western context in general in a country like Poland to teach a course with feminism in its title or to start a women's studies course was was in itself a fairly radical thing to do in other words to loosen up the walls of Academia so inevitably these things are interconnected um but I also think that you know that there is such a thing as methodology and intellectual Traditions that we study which are which have their place in Academia and once I'm in the street or making signs you know I don't make footnotes in my signs um there there is a way in which I have to abandon the complexities of feminist Theory when I'm out there defending women's rights to right to choose and I've cut myself thinking oh my gosh this is a sign that I'm you know this sign that I'm making I could teach a class about its history but of course the sign works because it works not because I know the history right but it is complicated and it's very difficult to keep apart and we we make jokes about you know we're in the business when you get to be the bird in the morning and the Anthropologist and the and the ornithologist in the afternoon and you know so to some extent it's a pretense that we're keeping it apart I think the the asker of the question had that in mind and it's it's true but I think it's also a useful pretense and you you know it's complicated so agreeing uh would that complicated aspect for sure um there's a question from Pia um which does talk about like this you know how you said Uganda add a footnote to your sign and how there are complexities which sometimes don't um translate as well so I'm thinking even about the feminist discussions around Reproductive Rights in Poland was ableism a part of those conversations was disability Justice a part of those conversations it I would say that to some extent it was a blind spot and actually I have a colleague in my Institute um who who examined that in other words um that there was a an unintended and unthought through cruelty in some of the feminist slogeneuring around the right of women to choose abortion in cases of fetal deformation in some cases the way people women talked about it was actually potentially offensive or deeply hurtful to women who had disabled children with disabilities or two women who had chosen to have children with Down Syndrome I think that and that that's something that is worth thinking through on the other hand there is also a very powerful Coalition in Poland between the women's movement and the movement for the rights of people who are taking care of human beings with disabilities children but but also grown-up children and you know it's it's a complex situation which has to do with the fact that the the these people are getting money from the state under the condition that they don't work which puts them in in a position of something that is routinely compared to slavery right you can't there's a famous writer um uh who has written a book and couldn't claim the honorarium for the book because she would lose the money she's getting for her disabled child that sort of thing and so feminists have actually stood uh you know have partaken and uh partaken and co-organized um demonstrations uh in defense of people with disabilities but but I think there is also a blind spot there is a there is a the the idea that you should never be forced to give birth to a um to a malformed fetus is an obvious ethical claim but once you start talking about it it can easily be turned into uh something that is disrespectful of people with disabilities okay thank you for that um I know you mentioned a little bit about care and there's another question sorry there's so many um which is great um I think the question is around what you think of uh what you think of the focus of putting care in the center of feminist studies especially analyzing and explaining um current societal problems such as the collapsing health and education system climate crisis for um since you bought up the context of care when you were talking about disability rights I was wondering if you want to share your thoughts on this my possibly most popular book um published in 2014 is called matka feministka mother and feminist and um it was very broadly discussed I was accused by fellow feminists of having abandoned feminism which I think some feminists in Poland um associated with a kind of you know career woman ecos individualism um and so on and and I was also um you know I was engaged by conservatives who had assumed that the idea of motherhood or parenting and Care is actually a conservative idea so I I was very much involved in those debates and I absolutely share uh the idea that that is out there now in a lot of countries I've been looking at books from Britain and and the states that that care is the care crisis is a game changer for feminist history um so yes I just I the answer is yes I think it's absolutely central care is I think also that one place where you cannot divide between um identity issues and economic issues it's where they meet right it's by analyzing the the the the the situation of the global care um um circuit right the fact that polish women are taking care of the elderly in Germany while ukrainians are taking care of their children while poorer ukrainians are taking care of their children and so on that that whole situation that that by now has a lot of literature migration care care work exploitation it's not an issue it's a heavily gendered issue which is also about economic inequality and globalization and it is one of the most serious issues out there absolutely it's also what makes people who used to be conservative into feminists I've seen people become feminists by by reading about that whole situation well that does make a lot of sense I think um the crisis we're seeing around us is also because of the lack of acknowledgment of that work and seeing that as well um looking at chats there are a bunch of comments and this has been an interesting session and when they're really enjoying it I also have one last question from for you from my end and then if we have time we can take a couple of others from the audience I think having been both a student and a teacher myself um I have been very deeply influenced by teachers who sort of helped me lift my feminist principles and also Built My agency to take action and I'd love to know from you um as an academic as a teacher yourself what is it that you want to give your students or the next generation of feminists right like what kind of feminisms I know you shared about building the agency of your students so we'd love to hear more on that yes I've had you know I've been a teacher for 25 years now so it's been quite a while I've established lasting relationships with former students who is my co-author now and colleague is also my former student and I have several relationships like this and I think um and I I had relationships like this with my female feminist teachers so there's a way of and in which teaching becomes a form of empowerment one thing that I engaged in that I can brag about a little bit is in an educational experiment um uh called open University of Carl mozalevski named after a guy but that wasn't my my choice a very Progressive important guy in which high school students University students and two professors including me um well we engaged in educational events in high schools and also online and two of the high school students three of the high schools students participating in it asked me if I knew the email for Judith Butler and I said well I actually I do but I don't know she'll answer they wrote to her she responded and we ended up with an interview with Judith Butler by three students one girl and uh two guys and you can find it online I wonder if maybe um vandita can share the link um it was it was broadcast from my bedroom and um I think something like 30 000 people watched it it was quite broadly shared and it's wonderful they're terrified of her but they kind of warm up to Judith at some point and and I think it was fun for her as well and she actually explains her Theory and her the changes in her thinking about gender in extremely relatable ways um I think it's one of the best interviews with Judith Butler out there so you know I'm not on the screen but I was behind the uh and I'm proud of that position the fact that I you know I helped them Fray is the email I helped them schedule and broadcast and write the questions and and I know that it was a life-changing experience for those kids they're they are now at the University and I I've tried similar things with students I encourage students to to do their own things to publish their written work uh to translate and publish texts that they find fascinating um you know it's and it's it's it all goes down to that um Adrian Rich idea you know take your intellectual life seriously um so yeah that kind of empowerment is something that I would like to be remembered for once I retire which is not so soon but already on the horizon thank you so much we have shared that link in chat uh we'd love for participants to check it out I think it's really beautiful and Powerful to be able to empower and create that space for students to do this um especially when it can be really terrifying but to know that your teacher like has your back really helps and to me that's a little bit of you know you said you teach about feminism but I think this is also for me a demonstration of how feminism can be a way of teaching and the methodology of teaching rather than just teaching about it so I find that really empowering and I see a comment in chat that sees that is feminist leadership uh so thank you so much for that I am going to close now because we're we have about five minutes more to go this has been so great we still have a lot of questions for you so I'm perhaps going to send them across to you later there um there is one final question and only if it's not too personal and if you feel like answering it is where do you position yourself as a feminist and how do we all come together against the anti-gender movement um only if you feel like answering that how do I position myself so um you know on the spectrum of um various feminisms um I like the term radical feminist but of course I associate that with the radical 60s and not with the so-called you know anti-gender feminist today but I I I'm in a way I live my intellectual much of my intellectual life in the late 60s so I'm very invested in that um in those debates in those uh those those radical ideas um I'm certainly an anti-nationalist and anti-racist feminist I'm also Jewish who introduced me as a poll but I'm Jewish and one of my one of the the ongoing issues in my life is about the intersection of anti-Semitism and anti-genderism I've published my my most recent article is about this I'll be happy to send it to anyone who wants it um and I think it's my biggest Discovery also is that there is a connection between anti-semitic movements and the attacks on gender and so so that's something I'm interested in I'm also very much interested in Jewish feminism both religious secular um Israeli anti-israeli that's that's a debate that I'm I have a huge personal investment and I've actually been to Israel to talk to various Jewish feminists and um and it you know it's part of it of being a second generation um polish to my father is a holocaust Survivor the this is a deeply personal and important issue to me thank you and thank you for sharing that with us um I can't imagine how difficult it's been but to see you build that across country is um to build that sort of solidarity is really powerful thank you um I am going to close now sorry there are more questions coming to me in DM but we're running out of time um but we will share these questions ahead um thank you so much for being a part of this today I learned so much and I I just want to reaffirm what I said last time I'd love to be in a classroom with you uh so thank you I've learned so much about how to teach and also what to teach and how to inspire critical thinking and reflexivity as a big part of what it means to be a feminist teacher so thank you for that um and thank you also to our participants we've had so much engagement from you all um I will share a link to the PDF where you've shared your answers on the padlet board I want to check quickly about the next panel um we have our final panel next Tuesday on the power of feminist writing with Minas salami and battalia please do join us if you're interested and you can also leave your thoughts and Reflections from today on the pad report are there any final thoughts you'd like to leave us with thank you for having me and um I left my email in case anyone wants to engage in a conversation or uh you know ask for a PDF I'll be happy to share um syllabi um articles by myself or someone else um and it's been a pleasure and thank you for holding this series um I participate I was listening in on the earlier panel it was fascinating and I'm I'm coming again I think it's really important to have these conversations internationally and um openly thank you very much thank you thank you for being here with us and I know it wasn't easy to be our sole panelist which we're very very grateful to have you thank you um everyone can drop off um we will share some of the links on the padlet board so you can keep an eye out over there thank you see you Jordan mute um in case you're speaking oh I just wanted to say thank you again um it's it's been stressful but really um exciting and fun I hope that the audience liked it so loved it um and I'm so sorry I know that being alone meant a lot of questions kept coming at you but you were fabulous thank you thank you so much thank you bye-bye

hello everyone to start us off we have interpretation available in spanish you can click the bottom of your screen the globe icon to access interpretation in spanish we have the wonderful tanya and elena with us today as interpreters i will give everyone a 2nd to switch if they would like to right it is so lovely to have all of you with us today this is the 4th webinar in our series the power of feminist narratives from fragmentation to solidarity my name is vandita and i am the modulator of this webinar series put together by the fabulous heinrich poll team last tuesday we held a webinar on the power of feminist research in understanding implications in shaping public discourse with everyone and shams it was an important and insightful conversation and it left me with a lot of learning on how do we bring our feminist praxis and our politics together in our everyday life a theme for today is the power of feminist teaching and how it can be used to overcome binary narratives the positioning of feminist academics in academia is a crucial importance especially since the rise of authoritarianism has legitimized and normalized misogynistic homophobic sexist transphobic and racist discourse even in public institutions and academia just like when hungary banned gender studies programs claiming that they were a dangerous ideology today is webinar will aim to unpack some of this and perhaps go a little bit into some of the larger questions around this issue starting with where does our understanding of feminism come from do we merely refer to the liberal feminism shape from the global north and west and what role does a collective experience rooted in different contexts of the world play in feminist teaching in particular what is it that we can learn from feminist movements in global south countries and southeastern europe in addition to this how do we teach diverse feminist schools of thoughts in academia despite being influenced by a certain type of mainstream feminism alongside this we also look at what kind of language would we need to use for better acceptance of gender studies feminist studies and also thus avoiding a misuse of authoritarian regimes we discussed these and other questions with our esteemed and very experienced feminist academic with us today i am going to give you a 2nd spotlight them i am very honored to introduce you to our panelists for the day we have with us agnies she is a polish a polish scholar feminist activist and public intellectual she teaches at the american studies center university of warsaw her most recent book is anti gender politics in the populist moment co authored by else better coral published by ruthless unfortunately our 2nd panelist doctor yalavi clark is unable to join us today but before we start off i want to share a small thing in my experience with agnies after my 1st one on one call with them the only question i asked them is are there classes of yours that i can attend and is there a way that i can learn from it because the 30 minute conversation was so insightful for me so i can not tell you how excited i am to have them with us for today is webinar thank you so much for having me and i am really sorry the other panelist is not with us i have actually read her article in preparation which i thought was really fascinating about binary identities in africa so maybe we can get together at some other point yeah the conversation was really fun for me as well and yeah and there is a class you can attend by not by me but by my students which maybe we can talk about that interview that was recorded and that i consider my greatest teaching achievement anyway let us let us get started thank you thank you that is very kind before we start off i just wanted to share some housekeeping information i request that you rename yourself with your name and your pronouns if you feel comfortable doing so just a small reminder that interpretation is available in spanish and we will also have some time both at the end and throughout for questions so please use the chat to share your questions if you feel uncomfortable sharing it with everybody you can dm you can direct message your question to me as well we also have a community wall where you can engage with us throughout or even after the webinar so i am going to encourage all participants to start using the chat by sharing their name pronouns if comfortable where you are joining us from and we also thought we could ask you if there is a book you are reading of late that you would like to share with us while these responses come in i am going to start us off with my 1st question to you which is it is it is a simple question i think why should we talk about feminism in plural why is it important to understand different feminisms it is actually a question i had to figure out for myself i used to teach a survey class called american feminism and about 5 or 6 years ago i changed it to faces of american feminism i wanted to make it feminisms but polish online systems are quite conservative and they thought that was a mistake so i think we find ourselves ourselves in a in a historical moment when the plural internal plurality of feminism has become inevitable it is what it is what you teach it is not what you teach around trying to to to create a sense of oneness but rather it is the differences that i find fascinating and they are both intellectual differences in other words i always insist on there being several competitive traditions of feminist thought which are sometimes antagonistic sometimes in dialog with each other but it is it is actually really useful to see that continuity of several divisions and of course i think since the 80s which is when i became a feminist something dramatic has happened with the assumption that there is such a thing as global feminism one of the the 1st books i i got in on my feminist bookshelf was the robin morgan sisterhood is global anthology i think that would be an unthinkable title today in fact that whole moment in feminist history in the late mid 80s is now viewed with a certain embarrassment as as the last breath of that effort to make everyone you know sisters without examining the power imbalances ideological differences political differences that that actually divide women as well as the various definitions of what it means to be a woman and yet i always start my classes with a minimum definition of feminism which i am happy to share with you so i i teach my students and we end up interrogating that definition eventually is that feminism is the ideology of the women is movement as well as the movement in other words the word has 2 meanings and those meanings are sometimes in conflict as you mentioned in the sense that practices and theory are sometimes in tension with each other and that to be a feminist is to believe that that women are treated worse than men that this is a political phenomenon and that it is unacceptable and everything beyond that is up for debate including the definition of women of course so why are we treated unequally how to change it what is the role of capitalism in the history of of that inequality what is the role of bodies what is the relationship of that inequality between these groups called men and groups for women and and racial or national identities but the the 1st impulse that i think must be named and that students find often a relief to name is that well that is what it is it is it is no to be a feminist is to realize that what we are taught very often from early childhood to consider as natural difference is actually an injustice and inequality and i think that insight is repeated by every generation of feminists it takes different forms but it is always i think there the feminine just aha takes place so that is that is where i start and then i show the divergent roots thank you i love that i especially really like the part where you mentioned that you start with your students by giving them a simple definition and then getting them to question that itself and that makes me think about like when i was i have been both a student and a teacher in some ways and when i was a student i remember being told this is what the definition is and it created a lot of discomfort for me because there were parts of it that i would interline with or i felt like i needed to explore more to truly own that definition as well and to get that space in a classroom is really beautiful so yeah definitely i definitely think there is no single feminism and i am going to ask the participants this question as well so the question is do you believe multiple feminisms can coexist i think they have coexisted for for many generations and the question is whether we we find ourselves in a situation where that coexistence is difficult around certain issues and i think feminism today is at a crossroads or a difficult turn concerning the the trans rights issue and i i think that that debate is or that antagonism can be understood variously some people see it as a betrayal if you are firmly located on one side then you will see the other side as traders and not really feminists and to some extent i share that view but if you step back and look at the genealogy of that debate then you realize that actually the 2 positions are historically speaking emergent from the distinction between a difference feminism and equality feminism which runs very deep or to put it differently in a more modern version essentialism and constructionism and that division has always been there there is a wonderful essay that i very often teach by anne snito my mentor unfortunately no longer with us it is called gender diary and she actually traces that division within her own life and within the literature feminist literature of the of the 80s and 90s and for me that was a revelation the fact that for for many women it is also an experiential thing for some women to become a feminist is to is to realize that being a woman is a terrible difficult painful thing and to feel 0 if only i were not born a woman but for other women to be a feminist is to be glad to be relieved to be a woman and to dwell on womanhood and so so there is a kind of emotional investment in that but feminists have always either challenged the what what is defined as the biological difference between men and women or insisted on it while claiming that patriarchy denigrates the female side and i think those 2 cohorts have always existed and i am i am actually very troubled by the fact that the antagonism today is so deep and occasionally violent i am of course i am on one of the sides but but i also know the history but there are other differences which can be equally painful one is about the relationship between feminism and capitalism and i think that is clearly a dividing line that you know that the younger general younger young generation of feminists want to talk to when i was in my most prolific years in the 90s that divide was actually obfuscated by so called post feminism and that the the neoliberal feminism was so omnipresent that it actually took me some time to realize that i was breathing it but now that divide is right in the center another divide has to do with religion and depending on whether you live in a society that wears secularism is a given or completely off the table you will live that division differently and i have actually changed my position several times over over religion so so there are power there are long lasting debates and i think feminism does not exist as a single worldview it is not dogma it is not a sect in poland we like to say that feminism is not a political party and does not have a central committee you know which was the body that under communist times told party members what to think so we do not have one you know you if you want to know what feminists think you have to ask a number of feminists and you will get different answers yeah thank you i love that i really enjoyed the reflexivity of your own experiences already have questions coming in so one of the questions that i think would be really great to ask at this point is you mentioned when i became a feminist and you also referred to people becoming feminists so participants would love to understand that how does one become a family is then how do you teach or convey this message i also want to bring up something you shared with me in our conversation which was what is the goal of feminist teaching and you know you mentioned that to become a feminist you have to be able to do this as a free person with your own agenda and i would love for you to expand on that a little bit well i became i became a feminist in in the most boring way possible i read a book and that book was virginia wolves a room of one is own which i read with such such excitement and and well pain and it was it was just a revelation for me that i ended up translating it into polish it was my 1st publication i and it is actually still imprinted was reprinted recently so apparently i am i am i did a good job so so that was i was also a student at a university where there were lots of feminists but i thought i went to the states to study but actually i made an effort to find out how women become feminists by asking a lot of them when i was writing my 1st book world without women and and a lot of them gave me an answer which is out of reach for me because i am a single child i do not have brothers apparently a lot of women become feminists after being repeatedly told to clean up after their brothers i heard a lot of stories about dirty socks and the expectation that the sister do the cleaning up and i was recently at a as a teacher i guess at the meeting in the polish parliament with a lot of polish high school students where this question was asked and again the dirty socks experience was was pretty vivid but i think it is it is a generational thing there are generations of women in certain locations where you are almost born into feminism that is what the so called 3rd wave in the 90s in the us was one of the metaphors they had in this period was that feminism is like fluoride you drink it with the water that is how i found out they have fluoride in the water in the states so there were daughters of feminists that were raised feminists and then they had to define their own feminism in relationship to their mothers but then there are generations and i certainly was a member of such a generation in poland where to be a feminist is to be marked as crazy deviant strange unmarriageable another thing gay all sorts of things and and to to claim that identity is actually a huge step into an abyss and a a dangerous and liberating experience and so i i belong to a small cohort of women that did that in poland in the 90s and you know went into the streets and overcoming the shame and the stigma and bonding with other women making the taking that risk so i think it is it really varies and i am finding the that a lot of my students today become feminists through participating in other movements so they will be in involved in you know in queer movements in ecological movements and climate change and they will they will realize that within those movements they are being treated differently as women which of course is an experience that has a long history that is what happened to many american women during the civil rights era that you know they would be fighting for other people is causes passionately and then realizing they are making tea for the men who are making the speeches so i think there are certain patterns but but it depends on the location and then i am i am always mindful of the dirty socks story i think it is it is useful to know that a lot of it is just minimal it is it is you know small everyday experiences that radicalize women and make them rethink their whole upbringing social and emotional makeup you are asking about the goal of feminist teaching 0 i am i guess i teach feminism in different ways when i teach it at the university i try to keep a distance and to remember that i am a cultural studies person in a cultural studies department and that while i occasionally teach feminism as a methodology for instance in film studies i teach course courses on film with feminist film theory as the methodology i i primarily teach about feminism in other words i treat it as part of the history of the country about which i am teaching which happens to be the united states i teach about the interconnection between feminism as a social movement and a theory and various other theories and historical developments sometimes i i teach about feminism as a player in struggles i am teaching a cultural wars class today this semester and and feminism is actually paired with anti feminism but what inevitably happens because i am a publicly known person in poland and i also write activist essays is that my students you know push me further they they ask me about what do you really think about phyllis schlafly and so you know you can not always resist the temptation to express your views and i also believe that positionalities matter so so i teach about feminism rather than teach feminism and that might be a weakness but that that is how i operate and i i and i discover year after year that by being taught about feminism and being given the liberty to distance themselves or not and also to to explore different versions of feminism or different trajectories many students not exclusively female are radicalized and re examined their own lives but but in in my case this radicalization tends to happen as a side effect of an intellectual encounter so you know i am i guess i am i am just a you know well trained academic and i i and i try to keep my activists shoes in a separate cupboard but then there is but there is that other activist cupboard and i i do occasionally speak to activist audiences and then it is a whole different matter i try to make them self conscious about a tradition of which they are already a part i try to make them aware of internal disputes within feminism but you know it is it is a it is a different tone it is a different game when i am when i am talking to fellow activists and i have also been a part of those debates like you know i have changed my position on on pornography and sex work over the last 20 years and that was under the influence of many teaching moments and learning moments it is a i i think of feminism as an intellectual adventure basically which and and how how people engage with it and how how personal they get about it it depends both on the person and the political moment no that is really interesting i especially found that part very intriguing where you mentioned that you do not teach feminism you teach about feminism i think that also creates the space for people to sort of understand their own feminisms i also want to share quickly the poll results so all the participants here do agree that multiple feminisms can coexist i also want to reflect agnies on the 1st part you mentioned about the dirty socks bit if it is okay i will share a bit of a personal incident not a dirty socks thing because fortunately my brother is as much of a feminist as i am but my mother told me this when i was 8 years old when i was born my entire family and i come from a big indian family they were expecting a boy so the hospital room was full like everyone was waiting the moments they got to know they waited for hours right they waited through labor etc and the moments they got to know it is a girl everyone left except for my father everyone my father did not care he said you know i have a child and i am happy and like my parents and my brother have been very strongly feminist perhaps without knowing the language of it but also really resonated with me when you shared about everyday experiences that shape feminism like my mother would never say she is a feminist and i definitely belong to that 2nd category where when you say your feminist you are not marriageable you are crazy you are sort of outlawed from certain sections of society but that is also that adoption of certain principles of feminism in people in my life who may not adopt the label so everything that you shared was really strongly resonating with me so thank you for sharing that and we have a bunch of questions for you in chat but i want to ask you one before i get to them you mentioned when you were sharing a lot about how feminism is about power right and how a lot of the different feminisms have been about questioning power relations have been looking at the intersection between politics power academia even looking at how it has been shaped historically so question then is why is it important to teach about gender and sexuality in the context of power relation and also do you think there has been a shift in the understanding of gender that is bended towards depolitization yeah that is something i have been thinking about a lot and trying not to judge trying to be an observer 1st i i have actually reconsidered my earlier answer i do not just teach about feminism i teach as a feminist i always put my cards on the table and most people know anyway and i guess what that means is that i take women is women is intellectual lives very seriously i i teach essays from the 70s adrian rich for instance has a number of essays but also virginia woolf has been really important to me there there is that you know 1st wave 2nd wave insight that that i that shaped me tremendously which is that women are encouraged to give up on their intellectual lives in order to have reproductive lives and emotional lives and i will not have that i have i have actually antagonized students by telling them that i will not take excuses for not you know for for missing deadlines when they tell me that you know they had to prepare a huge dinner for their husband i mean if it is a baby then i have learned that you know care work has a different position and i do allow for that but but but i am extremely cautious to about students female students this happens a lot in poland allowing themselves to be lazy and i am sorry to be using that stigmatizing term but just you know dropping things because they are really in it for you know they they think of themselves as future wives and mothers and and so that is a value i think that you know taking your life seriously as an intellectual is part of the feminist ethos and i teach about it but i also teach it gender sexuality power up to me the way i was educated and feminist theory that is absolutely central in other words the the term gender as it developed in gender studies in starting the 70s and then when it become became institutionalized as gender studies rather than women is studies is about the is about gender imbalance in other words you would the experience that you were relating which by the way is heartbreaking and i have heard stories like this also from my you know from my life including from mothers and including from daughters who who realized that they were expected to be a boy that is the ultimate gendered experience in other words you realize that your value as a human being is measured by a cultural standard in which men is lives are worth more than women is lives and you know female infanticide is the x stream version of that but you know the socks bit it is also a realization of that of that type right in other words your brother is someone who deserves to have his socks picked up and your destiny in life is to pick up the socks of men and you can extrapolate from that by i do not know reading the 2nd shift by early host child or you know reading about which which trials it is you know it is all over the place gender is about the the the lesser value of women in patriarchal cultures so what happens to this category in recent years and some feminists are troubled by it some are fascinated by it is that gender becomes synonymous for the social construction of identity for the free choice of pronouns in other words and i you know i realized that the pronouns thing is all about making a gesture towards people whose pronouns do not correspond to their you know to their self presentation or to their presumed biological endowment and i you know i do it when i am asked to do it but there is something inside me and it may be my training in the 80s and 90s that says well actually we do not get to choose our pronouns and that is the problem in other words there to me there is something disturbing about my students certainty that gender is about freedom because to me gender is a regime right it is actually that that whole system of of symbols remunerations the way we are interpolated as subjects in early childhood that that tells you know females that their worst worth less than males and also tells males who have a feminine gender expression that they are worth less in other words anything that is that is associated with femininity in patriarchal culture is immediately downgraded it is about power and that has a symbolic economic intellectual dimension and that is what the study of feminism is all about so i think there that what we are witnessing right now in the loosening of gender norms in in western societies and let us face it this is a western primarily a western phenomenon is is a huge change and i am very curious of where it will go because because there is tremendous backlash against it and it might not last on the other hand because the backlash is so obsessed with gender i am i am willing to allow that this is where the revolution is today that it is not about telling stories about about socks or unequal pay or i do not know menstrual the need for menstrual leave which i understand in some countries is being introduced right now in other words those changes that for equality that actually assume that biology is is you know where the action is and and that the revolution might be in non binary self definitions but it is a but it is a shift it is and it is a shift within feminism and because that shift is so fast and so sweeping i think the that break that you were asking about earlier that the so called turf wars are are such as you know so antagonistic so strong because it is it is a real change within feminism i do not think we can pretend that the word gender means what it meant in gender studies 20 years ago thank you for that there are a couple of questions in chat i am going to pick that up for now one i would definitely want to know more on when you say gender is a regime if you could expand upon that but also another question in relation to that i am just going to pick it up yeah is that when you are speaking you are speaking of men and women and why is it that you are not speaking of trans and non binary folks is a question from a participant the answer to the 2nd question is because i am old fashioned and a little tired from teaching i guess i would say that if i thought about it and i am you know i am happy to to add but as far as the gender regime is concerned the way the term functioned until recently was to talk about societal norms expectations and hierarchies in other words the gender regime is that which tells women that they must shave their legs and armpits and which says that non binary people are non existent in other words you must choose your gender we live although maybe that is not true about you vandita because india is is actually has a very interesting variation and and it goes way back in history for people who are in between or who refuse to be either but in in western societies the gender regime is obsessively binary it is also obsessed with women is softness and men is toughness which results in a very particular set of rules for emotional self expression or lack thereof i mean these are all these are all banalities right the idea that you know that men should not should not cry the idea that that women are more sensitive or somehow predestined to take care of their children or to take care of people in general if you are if you were in gender studies in the 90s studying gender was about studying the oppressiveness of those rules if you are in gender studies today doing gender studies is at least to some extent about studying the variation in self definitions that are available to people in other words the the political act today which i have i am sorry i failed to to engage in is to always add cis gendered when you are talking about people whose gender and biological whatever match and to always add trans and non binary when you are mentioning men and women it is a new game and you know it is a game i am willing to play to a certain extent but i am also interested in historicizing this game in other words to to seeing that that is not what feminism was 10 or 20 years ago and by noting that historicity i am not saying that you know in the 1969 which is my favorite period in feminist history by the way it is extremely exciting and and funny and colorful but they were all transphobes well no they were not transphobes just the the trans question was not the core question at the time the core questions were you know rape orgasms violence against women it you know feminism has a history and the the emergence of the of gender as self identity is is part of that history that is how i see it but i can understand why a certain cohort of women who are committed to that earlier definition would say that this is that this is a misunderstanding at best or a betrayal at worst and that is where the turf wars are about about the rejection of that shift within feminism okay thank you for that i will wait in case participants have follow up questions so if you do please leave them in chat and i will get to them in a bit i do also want to understand and i am going to pick up a question from a participant there are questions on like the north south divide and gender right i think you also mentioned how say in a country like mine the understanding of gender historically has been very different and there is a colonial impact of how gender then shaped and shifted over the last day to all 3 centuries so i would love to understand and there is a this is a question from anne chris is what relations do you see between the globalization of feminism so to say and post colonial discourse is on feminism okay the the history of feminism includes a moment at the end of the 19th century when most feminist movements in europe but also i think that would be include including australia and the united states were actually pretty racist and colonial and one of the the the a nationalist in other words the the the primary argument of the suffragettes working at the time was that women need to be given the right to vote so as to prevent the race mixing for instance that was an argument which which is completely unthinkable even 20 years later but it was there so i think feminism has a very troubled history with of of collusion with colonialism and racism and that history has been examined it has made some progressive women anti feminist in other words there is that argument around that feminism is inevitably western or racist and colonial and some of this argumentation has actually been taken up by the global right in a strange twist and that is something that i have been studying in in our book the anti gender politics in the populist moment we show we demonstrate how the global right you know including the catholic church religious fundamentalists in the united states but also in brazil various groups that we identify have persistently used the argument that gender is a form of colonization i would be very curious by the way to hear if people have heard this argument in their various locations it is out there it is an argument that the right the anti feminist right has been using and the feminist movement is very in a very difficult position responding to it because it it is clearly not true that that gender equality is a colonial imposition in fact gender inequality and the binary gender system was the colonial imposition in a lot of contexts but it is also true that the united nations around you know around the middle mid 80s and then going strong and into the 90s use the language of global human rights which i actually i find it extremely useful i have used it myself as a feminist but it is a language which takes for granted the hegemonic position of western feminism and that is a problem and the right has been taking advantage of that of that problem so i do not know if that answers your question i would say that as with many other questions it is complicated and sometimes as an activist i am i am tempted to ignore that complication and just say it is you know the answer is simple feminism is good and anti feminism is bad but actually feminism bad things have been done in the name of feminism and and we need to reckon with that right no i think especially the part in life i think there is a tendency at least in my context to blame everything on colonization especially when you do not like it and there is not an understanding sometimes if things that have gone wrong internally or unequal power systems that have existed within the country as well before colonization happened i give you a small example some studying in the uk currently and in the uk i have a lot of fellow indians in my class but this is the 1st time we face discrimination because of race etc and it really makes me think about who are we like who are the students here because we often come from oppressor caste communities because back in our countries we have never faced discrimination because we are perhaps the ones doing the oppression and that is not a result of colonization that existed before colonization came in and exists even today and also the part about how gender binary is perhaps perhaps a construct that has been imposed on us at least on my country and certain contexts thank you for sharing that there is another question by jen cruz in line with this they would love to understand where you think europe stands politically speaking in terms of feminisms like do you think there are countries that are leading the conversation here do you think there is a political bend in europe in terms of feminist views was that was europe part of that question what countries are leading in europe yes i am an americanist so perhaps i am not the best person to ask that question i mostly read debates happening in the u s and recently i think there has been an upsurge in feminist writing in eastern europe which is very interesting to me as a scholar so you know i do not follow all the debates you know french feminism of the 60s and and 70s and 80s is is canonical right i mean you cannot really do feminist history and feminist theory without reading lnc tsu or lucy rigare and so on and now there is paul presiado who is spanish but writes in french and you know and and he formerly she is a crucial voice of i do not know if it is european or global feminism so i am i do not know i think it you know in terms it would be easier for me to speak in terms of activism you know where is the action and i would say spain and italy and poland are on my radar screen it is where the largest feminist uprisings have happened in recent years in response to powerful misogynistic movements but i would you know i would really gladly hear about important writing coming out of whatever country i am heavily influenced by british feminism i can say because i was i i needed account to counter balance american feminism which tends to be very individualistic and when it talks about diversity or economic inequality and it almost immediately starts talking about race which is which is a crucial topic and i see there is a question about it but it is not the same as as socialist feminism so when i became aware of sheila robotam and then later i think nancy fraser is british by brooke i am not sure then that that was a game changer for me so psychoanalytic feminism coming from france was what was crucial for me and my education and of course simonda bevoir but then the socialist feminists from from britain but yeah i am not i am not very well versed in german feminism for instance and i am sure they are i am missing something i can see there is a question about about racism yeah and feminism and about black feminist thought and i would like to address that because it is actually can i just bring that question up so it can be translated i will just read it out yes so the question is how are you teaching about racism in feminism and about black feminist thought and feminists of color which narratives about the women is movement in the usa do you used to get everybody in the picture go ahead please yeah i would say that african american feminists are about a 3rd of my syllabus and i am actually i have been called out on not having enough indigenous or or asian feminists and that is because i think of race as a absolutely central issue of american cultural history and therefore that division without within feminism and those those conflicts are absolutely central to to my understanding well i teach it by by making my students read 1st sojourner truth than iwls and and other women of that generation and then angela davis the kombahi river statement franville and then later obviously the intersectionality theory and some of the recent voices but i also teach about tropes in other words i look at how and this is a discovery of black feminists patricia collins perhaps is a crucial name here in other words i i i ask my students to look at american culture through an african american feminist lens we watch movies from the 50s or 60s and and i ask them i push them to notice that almost every movie from that era contains a scene in which a nanny a black woman speaks with an artificially high voice and says something extremely silly and then disappears and so we want well what is this what what what does this need to bring in the deviant black female face but then also bring her out of the picture who are these women black women in may west movies who is the nanny what is what is what is the function that she plays and and some i have actually supervised several theses on these images on what patricia collins calls the controlling images the nanny the jezebel the extremely images that are both sexist and racist at the same time there of course exist also on the male side gendered images such as the black brute or and so we talk a lot about not just about black feminism or about inevitably racism in white mainstream feminism especially of the 70s but we also talk about the insights of black feminists which i think ironically became the central insights of gender studies in ensuing years in other words we are not i do not i do not include black feminists as a minority within a you know kind of salad bowl but it is actually the authors of what eventually became the the core insight of gender studies of intersectionality theory it is a perspective more than a phenomenon i would say angela davis is a key is a key text i usually and bell hooks to some extent but i i really like the the that early book by angela davis and which has also been translated into polish but my students tend to really like bell hooks so i follow them there as well and we also read a lot of audrey lord partly because i i you know i am trained in literature and i find lord to just be a genius of the english language and some of the some of those insights that i have been mentioning she just writes them in these incredible poetic moving wise also autobiographically so i would say that that black yeah i am never taught a course exclusively on black feminism but i have been accused of having too much black feminism in my in my courses yeah i guess like there is one more reflection that i would like to share is that black feminism is more relatable than mainstream white feminism when you are teaching outside the united states in other words you know in a post socialist country when when you are talking to groups of people who are raised by working mothers who are routinely accused of being too strong to being ball breakers too responsible you know you give them betty free dance feminine mystique to read which we have to because it is a classic and it is fun in its own way and they are like this is exotic this is strange what do you mean housewife they have never met one like polish women work it is a poor country on the other hand when they read michelle wallace is essay on the black matriarch where she talks about how black women in the united states work extremely hard and are constantly accused of you know being too strong and and you know and and a threat to their men is masculinity 0 that they say that is my story that is my mom that is my grandmother so there is a strange there is a relatability and i find a lot of students want to write about black feminism for that reason okay thank you i personally also i feel like whenever i have read anything coming from black feminist authors i find that there is an intrinsic and you correct me if i am wrong there is an intrinsic material analysis to their feminism that really reaches out to someone like me because it is representative of my life and it is representative of the struggles i face perhaps even what you mentioned around a lot of it being autobiographical when it started out could perhaps play a role in that to make it more relatable to people yes but of course american feminism in general is heavy on autobiographical tropes in other words reading feminism is reading women tell the stories of you know how they awakened but you are right when you are reading when minor women from my ethnic minorities or working class women that some that is a whole other white so called white trash woman who who examine their class position and the masculinities in white working class there is a context or materialist component which i think makes a lot of sense including i think to contemporary middle class white people in the states in other words you know those days of the 70s when you know everybody was more or less well off and you know your therapist was your main problem that that is exotic that has gone those days of prosperity and pure culture wars are gone so yeah and but but also the fact that gender in it on its own does not really do do much for us anymore we need done intersectional analysis so you know gloria steinem is a cultural document on the other hand the kombaki river collective statement actually there is a kind of realness about it that that my students discuss yeah no i really appreciate that i think for me the river collective statement also speaks to failure and i feel like that reflection on failure and that reflection on this is who we are and this is how we show up is very important there are a bunch of questions so i am going to pick one of them up that is related to this so one of the participants commented that there are good practices of movements coming together say trans and cure activism movements coming together with more mainstream women is rights movement and there is a related question that i would love for you to answer is that other principles that bind us together as feminists is this something you bring into your teaching or even in your personal practice if you would like to answer me principles that bind us together as feminists you know we used to talk about sisterhood as an ethos you know always putting your your your sisters in battle 1st but i think that you know enough critique of of sisterhood has has been produced in in the last decades to make me skeptical of that it is it is hard to put into words i mean i think it is a movement that that that valorizes solidarity with including solidarity across class lines polish feminism has a slogan you will never walk alone which i think was also it has a history somewhere in in sports but i know it was around a lot in the black lives matter movement this idea that you do not abandon people that there that we are a community and not a group of liberated individuals so and then egalitarianism i have i i i come from a fairly hierarchical society in which academics speak to each other using terms like professor professor doctor you know always marking hierarchy we do not do that in feminist circles we are all on 1st name basis and i think there is not there is a conscious effort at egalitarianism and you know we like to think the the of the feminist groups including research groups as friendship groups but they are they are not always that and i think they are you know there is also an ongoing conversation about woman to woman cruelty hierarchies and so on but i guess i am too deeply incited to to judge that ethos in comparison to say you know the ethos of people doing anthropology or the ethos of people engaged in other forms of activism but yeah being careful about you know how you treat other people is a big part of it and and and the word care in the last year years has has joined the discussion more than the idea of individual freedom or individual you know competitiveness and of course in poland the word solidarity has a special meaning to it which feminism tries to draw on i have written about the way that we draw on earlier traditions of activism an ethyl sun and symbolism right no i mean i know you did not give principles but i still heard of you i think especially those around egalitarianism and i think a little bit even around how sometimes solidarity solidarity can be meaningless in words if it is not followed up with action and how that can perhaps be a gap in a lot of our contexts like i find that in the indian context the places i work in where solidarity is now sometimes used as a language or a brand as a way to like further discourse as a way to gain popular attraction but it is not followed up with action because action requires work in action also requires sitting with discomfort and sometimes navigating through the discomfort so i am going to ask you one of the questions that comes up from reading your book who is afraid of gender you speak about how we might be able to reach more people by speaking of everyday experiences than by speaking of human rights which can sometimes be really abstract right and i also heard that a little bit in the examples you were sharing even in our one on one conversation i remember you mentioning that theory can sometimes be intimidating and it can also be a gatekeeping factor for a lot of people to participate in movement but so then in keeping with that do you think populist feminism can help us understand and strengthen local feminist resistance our book is is an analysis of movements that are in existence in other words we are not giving advice we are describing what is actually going on and i think the name populist feminism has been contested some people say that it actually sounds like so we could for the purpose of this conversation i could replace it with popular feminism that you know the feminism of new ornamentals of the black the black protests in poland of the women is march on washington in the states of you know the the this was not happening 10 years ago it coincides with the rise of right wing populism and it is a stage in in feminist history some some scholars have referred to it as a 4th wave which claims the the idea of people we the people for feminists for for women talking about women is rights but but they are also talking about economic injustice the you know the it is feminism for 99 as discussed by by in this famous manifesto a few few years ago co authored by fraser among others it is also a movement that is not afraid of emotions in other words unlike the 2nd wave which was very often ironic cryptic the 3rd wave which was often high theoretical and many women found it inaccessible its discourses the 4th wave speaks in in in powerful phrases it talks about pain it talks about life and death it talks about survival it talks about in poland we actually analyze the slogans that accompany the wave of protests it talks about the other side patriarchy being about torture and cruelty in other words feminism has in recent years claimed the language of everyday experience but also the language of values the language of moral outrage and i find it fascinating and empowering and i watch my students you know become feminists not by reading virginia woolf but by reading the most recent you know newspaper and finding out that their lives are in danger because religious fundamentalists are planning to take what remains of our reproductive rights away so there is a kind of fury about it it is a lot like the 60s actually in that way that you know feminism becomes a mass movement overnight and i mean that literally in poland when the complete abandoned abortion was proposed in 9 in 2016 the facebook group that was started by 3 women overnight became a group of 60000 and then the next day there were there were massive demonstrations so yeah everyday experience emotionality and building bridges and bringing building coalitions very fast and they they are also fragile because they were built so fast but it is a real social movement it is it is not a it is not an academic and it is not just a field of an academic inquiry which of course makes my teaching very different when i started teaching feminism in the late 90s i was teaching something abstract mysterious exciting something that had potential but was just really odd and 2 years ago when i started my class on faces of feminism most of my students were wearing buttons that they had you know that that they used during street demonstrations because it was it was at the height of the the the black protests so very different context thank you for that i think even in india and in other contexts that i have worked in for feminism to become popular it has to become a lot more relatable to each person is experience i remember even the argentinian one that the example you mentioned i think what i found so powerful about that was it changed the narrative to talk about the right to life and the right to life of the person bearing the child and it started with a small green like scarf and a small slogan and it took over so thank you for that there are a bunch of related questions that have for you in terms of what is popularism then lead to in terms of backlash right but before i ask you that i am going to ask our participants there is a multimeter link in chat we would love to understand from you some backlash against feminist movements that you have seen in your context this could be your country where you live whatever context you want to share and maybe we will take a minute to let everyone answer this so the backlash question is that what we are talking about do we want to maybe wait for some participant responses i am just mindful that you know 0 you are you are i am sorry i lost i was lost in the depths of zoom we are hearing about backlash from other people yeah i would love to hear from you as well but i thought it would be nice to get some responses from the participants yeah well what we are diagnosing in our book is a global wave of backlash which we refrain from calling backlash actually we think that the term which comes of course from the famous book by susan feludi might be misleading in that it is more than backlash it is actually a huge offensive of a new kind of often religiously motivated patriarch patriarchal ideology and power and it is not it likes to see itself and to present itself as a reaction against the supposed excesses of feminism but it is actually quite self sufficient i mean the some of the the the the ideas that the global anti gender movement has would take us back to you know to before women had the vote they they are in the they are contemplating outlawing divorce complete bans on abortion of course homophobic laws that you know in the west they might be about reversal of gay marriage but in in places like russia it is about you know persecution and and putting people in prison so i think it is it is worse than backlash what we are talking about we are talking about a wave of what in some places can be called right wing populism that is obsessed with gender and in some places you can i think safely call it fascism and so backlash is too weak a word i would say there is no idea that i think the backlash has some very severe consequences in undermining rights i will also share my screen and perhaps you have any reflections on what is being shared so some of the backlash that people are saying that they have seen is in one increase in cancer culture the idea that women have and ask for too many rights nowadays that feminism is overshadowing real property right like global warming or money problems not understanding that there is a correlation they give an example how in france inclusive language has been politicized and translators and copyright writers may lose work because of their feminist position very interesting in germany there is a strong opposition to feminist development policy yeah there are a bunch of answers coming in i am wondering if you have any thoughts on any of this yes i think that gender issues meaning gay rights trends rights the new wave of gender identities but also reproductive rights violence against women that these issues are at the center of the new cultural wars and that some some scholars have argued that what we are viewing is a resurgence of masculinity which is resentful about the you know the changes that took place over the last few decades and that it is a it is a real effort to reinstate a gender regime you know that maybe we should not be thinking in terms of his progressive historical trajectories we do not know if they would want us to go back to the 50s or maybe the 1820s but certainly the the project is to to naturalize men and women as completely binary categories with nothing in between and to relegate women to to reproductive functions and to give to empower men in what is considered natural masculinity and i am i am saying this based on a lot of reading of alt right positions on gender i i wrote a paper on the new masculinities listening to many jordan peterson videos and so on there it is the the culture of new masculinism is really out there but it is one of the one of the the contributors mentioned cancel culture i will be i would be very curious of what is meant by that so called radical feminist being engaging called cancel culture these are both very contested terms and not knowing where the person is coming from i have no idea what it means actually okay so i actually can not tell who was added what i am saying the person whose added it would like to share it if they would like to explain i would be very interested in that yeah because of course you know there are feminists who call themselves radical feminists and are actually considered anti feminists by others and i am talking about the the so called gender critical feminism on the other hand the concept of cancel culture is extremely contested also because some some feminists would tell you it does not exist at all it is just part of the right wing language but some would say that you know that actually it does exist it is you know it is a very complex scene and i think the internet and social media have been a game changer and one thing that that feminism has to face is that we are not quite as good at social media as the outright trolls the russian trolls the misogynists and you know i do not know if it is if if it is a gendered phenomenon if you could you know some people just say of course women do not spend so much time online as men do or if it is about progressive movements not being so well versed in hate speech and trolling and it is it is it is a huge problem 20 years ago it seemed like the internet would be this place where equality and free debate rules but i think we now know that is not the case the internet is what made trump the president of the united states and and so on definitely thanks for that i was just i had done i was going to attend an event that looked at how anti gender movements have taken over the digital space and how they are so insidious in being able to reach a population that a lot of feminist groups just can not right because of access to resources technical know how etc and also the very construction of digital spaces is designed to enable that sort of division and it is designed to enable that sort of political and social thinking silos and it gets worse they are in worser so a lot of at least in my experience a lot of conversations that i would have perhaps had with someone over coffee or in a classroom now are no longer conversations because they happen behind screens and it is easier to become a part of what you call echo chambers and then only exists in that thank you for that so we have a lot of questions for you and we have about 20 more minutes so i am going to hold on to my questions i will keep one for later and maybe ask you a couple of questions from the ones that have come in i think you mentioned it a point that your students love bell hooks and that is why you do defer to it and you do teach more of it just going to there is a question on bell hooks for you is it is from aryada i hope i am saying your name correctly it is what about bell hook is idea of activism in the classroom what does that resonate with you what do you think of it and also thinking of teaching and learning as activism for example i am ambivalent about it it it may be a question of being trained in a fairly conservative academic environment but i i think in poland it just there there is something about being obviously and bringing your politics into the classroom in this completely obvious manner that that makes that disqualifies you as an academic and i am in a way i am getting the you know the bad end of both sides of this debate because i am accused of not being activist enough by people who assume that bell hooks is the guy you know is the guidelines that can can be applied everywhere and i think it is contextual i think she is speaking from a very american situation american campuses have been very political for a very long time in ways that they are not in other locations but i also get accused of my fellow academics of being too political so my solution to that problem in recent years has been increasingly to teach conflict to and i teach courses on the cultural wars on the dynamics of polarization and so on but i believe that a certain amount of maybe even pretended neutrality gives students you know elbow room i do not expect my students to all be left wing and feminist i welcome conservatives in my classrooms i think academia is about thinking and not about being forced to make commitments so in that way i am old fashioned thank you for that there is a follow up related question by seriban imran and their question is related to the dichotomy you shared around being an activist and an activision right so the question is are you able to draw a line between activism and academia and are we doing infer from what you have shared that academics who do their academic work from an activist perspective are not well trained so what is the line between activism and academia and can we assume that there is a need separation i remember when you and i spoke you said this one line that stayed with me where you said that academia is the archive of the feminist movement and if that is not the case then it is not like it is not useful so do you want to expand on that yes it is actually something i i heard in a feminist class many years ago and it stuck with me and it was the statement was made by a by one of the founders of women is studies in britain and it struck me because at the time this was late 90s there was a lot of feminist theory that was completely detached from any activist base but that was the case in western european and western context in general in a country like poland to teach a course with feminism in its title or to start a women is studies course was was in itself a fairly radical thing to do in other words to loosen up the walls of academia so inevitably these things are interconnected but i also think that you know that there is such a thing as methodology and intellectual traditions that we study which are which have their place in academia and once i am in the street or making signs you know i do not make footnotes in my signs there there is a way in which i have to abandon the complexities of feminist theory when i am out there defending women is rights to right to choose and i have cut myself thinking 0 my gosh this is a sign that i am you know this sign that i am making i could teach a class about its history but of course the sign works because it works not because i know the history right but it is complicated and it is very difficult to keep apart and we we make jokes about you know we are in the business when you get to be the bird in the morning and the anthropologist and the and the ornithologist in the afternoon and you know so to some extent it is a pretense that we are keeping it apart i think the the asker of the question had that in mind and it is it is true but i think it is also a useful pretense and you you know it is complicated so agreeing would that complicated aspect for sure there is a question from pia which does talk about like this you know how you said uganda add a footnote to your sign and how there are complexities which sometimes do not translate as well so i am thinking even about the feminist discussions around reproductive rights in poland was ableism a part of those conversations was disability justice a part of those conversations it i would say that to some extent it was a blind spot and actually i have a colleague in my institute who who examined that in other words that there was a an unintended and unthought through cruelty in some of the feminist slogeneuring around the right of women to choose abortion in cases of fetal deformation in some cases the way people women talked about it was actually potentially offensive or deeply hurtful to women who had disabled children with disabilities or 2 women who had chosen to have children with down syndrome i think that and that that is something that is worth thinking through on the other hand there is also a very powerful coalition in poland between the women is movement and the movement for the rights of people who are taking care of human beings with disabilities children but but also grown up children and you know it is it is a complex situation which has to do with the fact that the the these people are getting money from the state under the condition that they do not work which puts them in in a position of something that is routinely compared to slavery right you can not there is a famous writer who has written a book and could not claim the honorarium for the book because she would lose the money she is getting for her disabled child that sort of thing and so feminists have actually stood you know have partaken and partaken and co organized demonstrations in defense of people with disabilities but but i think there is also a blind spot there is a there is a the the idea that you should never be forced to give birth to a to a malformed fetus is an obvious ethical claim but once you start talking about it it can easily be turned into something that is disrespectful of people with disabilities okay thank you for that i know you mentioned a little bit about care and there is another question sorry there is so many which is great i think the question is around what you think of what you think of the focus of putting care in the center of feminist studies especially analyzing and explaining current societal problems such as the collapsing health and education system climate crisis for since you bought up the context of care when you were talking about disability rights i was wondering if you want to share your thoughts on this my possibly most popular book published in 2014 is called matka feministka mother and feminist and it was very broadly discussed i was accused by fellow feminists of having abandoned feminism which i think some feminists in poland associated with a kind of you know career woman ecos individualism and so on and and i was also you know i was engaged by conservatives who had assumed that the idea of motherhood or parenting and care is actually a conservative idea so i i was very much involved in those debates and i absolutely share the idea that that is out there now in a lot of countries i have been looking at books from britain and and the states that that care is the care crisis is a game changer for feminist history so yes i just i the answer is yes i think it is absolutely central care is i think also that one place where you cannot divide between identity issues and economic issues it is where they meet right it is by analyzing the the the the the situation of the global care circuit right the fact that polish women are taking care of the elderly in germany while ukrainians are taking care of their children while poorer ukrainians are taking care of their children and so on that that whole situation that that by now has a lot of literature migration care care work exploitation it is not an issue it is a heavily gendered issue which is also about economic inequality and globalization and it is one of the most serious issues out there absolutely it is also what makes people who used to be conservative into feminists i have seen people become feminists by by reading about that whole situation well that does make a lot of sense i think the crisis we are seeing around us is also because of the lack of acknowledgment of that work and seeing that as well looking at chats there are a bunch of comments and this has been an interesting session and when they are really enjoying it i also have one last question from for you from my end and then if we have time we can take a couple of others from the audience i think having been both a student and a teacher myself i have been very deeply influenced by teachers who sort of helped me lift my feminist principles and also built my agency to take action and i would love to know from you as an academic as a teacher yourself what is it that you want to give your students or the next generation of feminists right like what kind of feminisms i know you shared about building the agency of your students so we would love to hear more on that yes i have had you know i have been a teacher for 25 years now so it has been quite a while i have established lasting relationships with former students who is my co author now and colleague is also my former student and i have several relationships like this and i think and i i had relationships like this with my female feminist teachers so there is a way of and in which teaching becomes a form of empowerment one thing that i engaged in that i can brag about a little bit is in an educational experiment called open university of carl mozalevski named after a guy but that was not my my choice a very progressive important guy in which high school students university students and 2 professors including me well we engaged in educational events in high schools and also online and 2 of the high school students 3 of the high schools students participating in it asked me if i knew the email for judith butler and i said well i actually i do but i do not know she will answer they wrote to her she responded and we ended up with an interview with judith butler by 3 students one girl and 2 guys and you can find it online i wonder if maybe vandita can share the link it was it was broadcast from my bedroom and i think something like 30 0 people watched it it was quite broadly shared and it is wonderful they are terrified of her but they kind of warm up to judith at some and and i think it was fun for her as well and she actually explains her theory and her the changes in her thinking about gender in extremely relatable ways i think it is one of the best interviews with judith butler out there so you know i am not on the screen but i was behind the and i am proud of that position the fact that i you know i helped them fray is the email i helped them schedule and broadcast and write the questions and and i know that it was a life changing experience for those kids they are they are now at the university and i i have tried similar things with students i encourage students to to do their own things to publish their written work to translate and publish texts that they find fascinating you know it is and it is it is it all goes down to that adrian rich idea you know take your intellectual life seriously so yeah that kind of empowerment is something that i would like to be remembered for once i retire which is not so soon but already on the horizon thank you so much we have shared that link in chat we would love for participants to check it out i think it is really beautiful and powerful to be able to empower and create that space for students to do this especially when it can be really terrifying but to know that your teacher like has your back really helps and to me that is a little bit of you know you said you teach about feminism but i think this is also for me a demonstration of how feminism can be a way of teaching and the methodology of teaching rather than just teaching about it so i find that really empowering and i see a comment in chat that sees that is feminist leadership so thank you so much for that i am going to close now because we are we have about 5 minutes more to go this has been so great we still have a lot of questions for you so i am perhaps going to send them across to you later there there is one final question and only if it is not too personal and if you feel like answering it is where do you position yourself as a feminist and how do we all come together against the anti gender movement only if you feel like answering that how do i position myself so you know on the spectrum of various feminisms i like the term radical feminist but of course i associate that with the radical 60s and not with the so called you know anti gender feminist today but i i i am in a way i live my intellectual much of my intellectual life in the late 60s so i am very invested in that in those debates in those those those radical ideas i am certainly an anti nationalist and anti racist feminist i am also jewish who introduced me as a poll but i am jewish and one of my one of the the ongoing issues in my life is about the intersection of anti semitism and anti genderism i have published my my most recent article is about this i will be happy to send it to anyone who wants it and i think it is my biggest discovery also is that there is a connection between anti semitic movements and the attacks on gender and so so that is something i am interested in i am also very much interested in jewish feminism both religious secular israeli anti israeli that is that is a debate that i am i have a huge personal investment and i have actually been to israel to talk to various jewish feminists and and it you know it is part of it of being a 2nd generation polish to my father is a holocaust survivor the this is a deeply personal and important issue to me thank you and thank you for sharing that with us i can not imagine how difficult it has been but to see you build that across country is to build that sort of solidarity is really powerful thank you i am going to close now sorry there are more questions coming to me in dm but we are running out of time but we will share these questions ahead thank you so much for being a part of this today i learned so much and i i just want to reaffirm what i said last time i would love to be in a classroom with you so thank you i have learned so much about how to teach and also what to teach and how to inspire critical thinking and reflexivity as a big part of what it means to be a feminist teacher so thank you for that and thank you also to our participants we have had so much engagement from you all i will share a link to the pdf where you have shared your answers on the padlet board i want to check quickly about the next panel we have our final panel next tuesday on the power of feminist writing with minas salami and battalia please do join us if you are interested and you can also leave your thoughts and reflections from today on the pad report are there any final thoughts you would like to leave us with thank you for having me and i left my email in case anyone wants to engage in a conversation or you know ask for a pdf i will be happy to share syllabi articles by myself or someone else and it has been a pleasure and thank you for holding this series i participate i was listening in on the earlier panel it was fascinating and i am i am coming again i think it is really important to have these conversations internationally and openly thank you very much thank you thank you for being here with us and i know it was not easy to be our sole panelist which we are very very grateful to have you thank you everyone can drop off we will share some of the links on the padlet board so you can keep an eye out over there thank you see you jordan mute in case you are speaking 0 i just wanted to say thank you again it is it has been stressful but really exciting and fun i hope that the audience liked it so loved it and i am so sorry i know that being alone meant a lot of questions kept coming at you but you were fabulous thank you thank you so much thank you bye bye

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZLQjR0qU7A

[Music] alright let us go handle this stronghold welcome back to button smash and welcome back to assess I own Creed we're still assassins in Greece you could be a little bit more on food than that monkey give it some weight oh well we're gonna do some exploring of that sandra while killing people killing people gonna be a fun trip fun trip say what we got we got doggies dogs dogs all these dogs actually I said I was gonna go and grab this treasure first okay since this light out of the way I might as well right yeah I wanna see if I can busted the doors there's some doors that you could have us through in the last game hey Mazz will see you know nothing ventured nothing gained people nothing ventured nothing yet the you oh thank you Jesus I don't have to use this damn thing what damn thing I have to use a mace I can go for a faster weapon ha what I found the sword oh I'm gonna hire DB a tail way higher DPS yeah use that oh it's not a story it's it's do we'll be so happy I love with my I love with our weapons are quick quick weapons are the absolute [ __ ] I love them Richard DPS is lower yes but I can swing faster okay so there's treasure down here okay oh yeah see did you see all that blood splatter this is awesome oh there you are wait what did we just get to two of two of the other treasure okay what we got we got a faster storage ooh let's just rip this out yeah no we're not gonna do that you can go freak yourself carry your ass okay okay I think we get a little bit Oh more people are coming so we need to kind of whip this a little bit quicker thank you come on all right you're next let's go goddamnit [ __ ] it make we retreat - I kind of did because I have a big gun the big boss showed up in that area they're like handling four guys and the big boss is not something I want to do okay so Beamer tree see now they don't know where I am okay so let's do Plan C technically still Plan B they don't know where I am which is good are they're all holed up over there yeah see I got my health back and everything see like yeah I could stick a move okay me sticking the movement is not a bad thing no it's not it's not okay so okay so we just one sec here okay all right all right okay he's almost dead so you could just wreck him so is it some more yes I'm on the side yeah wait you want to go through that wall real quick I think I can pull this guy over whistle I did okay I don't think he heard you I need to get a little bit closer is that the boss others carry here no but you can get him okay somebody spotted you Oh was it him it was him all right there you go got her all right what's wrong nope okay I'm gonna pick them off one by one I love how intense the music is there you got incredibly it sets if he do he said okay I see a lot of us guys are dead uh it was just the way he was positioned it looked a little weird no wrong a lot weird to be position is dead what's the question mark what it does that what does it mean you're searching it's all that means okay oh you got it okay cool well you'd have nowhere which way yeah you read our way so while that's happening let me go ahead and pick up this piece here this tablet yeah see like we gotta be we're gonna stick and move that's all right that's our new plan stick and move they don't know where I am that's all that matters I kind of wish I had a bomb or something a bomb every night or something well okay considering the time period we are in we are what 439 BCE I mean we still can like get a Grenadier so from where and from what I mean it wouldn't be like a bomb like we know it's a bomb not like a ticking time bomb or anything like I could probably throw some oils or something you probably could or you could I think maybe it best make maybe like do a Molotov and I'm only saying that because you do have alcohol which is wine which is more really available then and Fire yes know this probably stupid I mean say oh oh okay wait that's a way all right in there no come on oh that was not cool not cool well doesn't matter he's dead there you go again pitiful just because I let you go there you talk about super on the back you go well you you didn't you didn't even that's your song and you didn't even try to sing it with me huh wait yo what the [ __ ] just happened I just got confused really really quickly oh we accidentally killed the dog accident I need to kill a dog oh okay well we just put the dog sorry loot loot if I can what everything might be okay so I I have a UH where was the ending mata up there okay so that's like the other thing that have to grab then this area will be over and then I can continue my mission and that's the plan now okay see I'm worried about [ __ ] you sitting here worried about [ __ ] I don't worry about [ __ ] you were worried about it you're a little worried now you care about the pupper not [ __ ] you [ __ ] the DA I said pupper it's a dog it's a popper if it knows it can get some it's a dog it's not your only one who's bringing sex into the equation I was reading education there yeah failure tragic yeah if you were trace the steps of Odysseus and take the path north you'll find a goat farm in Ithaca where he wants met Athena she helped him with the disguise okay Hydra Ward in on a slaughtered goat so said if I go north from here yeah in North you want to go towards Ithaca so we need to go to is again yeah I think I already did dad I think I found the treasure he was talking about cuz this is north yeah I know I'm I'm going way off the beaten path I'm aware okay are you wolf yes you are okay there yeah I got some more Ludi things over there but there is a more Ludi things damn it wolf yes he's right here somewhere okay I don't know where I don't know how to get to it weirdo okay so here's what I'm gonna do I'm just gonna go ahead and finish this part of the mission okay I'll come back and I'll get it get it caresses or Odysseus's freaking fingers yeah okay okay cool that seems like it's a good plan right now I killed everybody everybody's dead all right they have been murdered they Dolph have been murdered now I go pick up a shroud you know what I'm gonna pick up oh oh we got a captive letter out so you wanna yeah let's say you wanna you know swag your ass got rekt [ __ ] word of warning don't come out of nowhere you will get annihilated in wrong ways yes oh there's another wolf over here where did you come from I don't know I killed all the dolls come get some [ __ ] I just killed your sister ass off all right I now I have a new engraved mint left okay that was weird oh oh oh damn she hammered her business she sure did go girl I'm not mad at you not in the least yeah let's go fire can I get what you have yeah let's get like you she's like really literally sit his ass I don't want to fit people on fire so where we going oh we got a turn to the racist [ __ ] wasn't richness yes he was he said you're kind you're kind I'm pretty sure it was not meant in a good way okay I think she's free to else let me talk to her I can't believe I let those my Lackey sneak up on me essica is a dangerous place to wander around on your own you are wandering around on your own you're welcome by the way dad dad you know new mission yeah let's travel all right let's go I'll need to leave Ithaca no we have to go to it we're ready here apparently is it if I go yeah okay the palace is like a hundred and hundred meters away oh okay which I could swear this where we were already let's run me and my fancy sandals what do you expected I know Lisa's name no what the hell okay now I'm taking it to the boat she was she was hoping okay why something blew me off wait no she was hoping that like the the area be like a little bit more it's kind of like her pilgrimage oh okay sorry name's sake okay okay I'm at your boat are you coming are you telling me that I have to literally walk you over here do I really have to walk you over here sorry where is she that's I took the Assassin's Creed path which you know drops me all the way down and she just didn't follow along so what do we gotta do so you coming or what I was already at your boat I was already there I was already enjoying my vacation we really don't have to help you you do know that right well now I do if I want to get paid I'm very sure we could do other missions to get paid she could just go [ __ ] herself what do you want what do you want girl what was that I don't know I was trying to say something it out of nowhere you know what I was trying to say something in my body was like snatched it away from like no I am certain that's a good question that is a story cuz didn't he go like on submission and then you're welcome I do give some good advice [Music] all right so we finished that mission we literally just have to turn in this shroud okay we're definitely the next someone special I am however going to okay I got a new weapon I didn't even notice oh that's another freaking mace that I don't want mace like actual mace no like a a mace not mace isn't okay you know it I can't with you right now I can't with you right now but I want to find out where this thing is yeah okay so if you retraced the steps of Odysseus and take the path north you'll find a goat farm in Ithaca where he wants met Athena so I think I just have to keep going north of well I actually keep going towards the path which way is that it's here somewhere there's actually a path though but I have to go from here but we will do that next time on button smashing we will catch y'all later thank y'all for joining us by the way you can catch y'all later deuces [Music]

alright let us go handle this stronghold welcome back to button smash and welcome back to assess i own creed we are still assassins in greece you could be a little bit more on food than that monkey give it some weight 0 well we are going to do some exploring of that sandra while killing people killing people going to be a fun trip fun trip say what we got we got doggies dogs dogs all these dogs actually i said i was going to go and grab this treasure 1st okay since this light out of the way i might as well right yeah i want to see if i can busted the doors there is some doors that you could have us through in the last game hey mazz will see you know nothing ventured nothing gained people nothing ventured nothing yet the you 0 thank you jesus i do not have to use this damn thing what damn thing i have to use a mace i can go for a faster weapon ha what i found the sword 0 i am going to hire db a tail way higher dps yeah use that 0 it is not a story it is it is do we will be so happy i love with my i love with our weapons are quick quick weapons are the absolute i love them richard dps is lower yes but i can swing faster okay so there is treasure down here okay 0 yeah see did you see all that blood splatter this is awesome 0 there you are wait what did we just get to 2 of 2 of the other treasure okay what we got we got a faster storage ooh let us just rip this out yeah no we are not going to do that you can go freak yourself carry your ass okay okay i think we get a little bit 0 more people are coming so we need to kind of whip this a little bit quicker thank you come on all right you are next let us go goddamnit it make we retreat i kind of did because i have a big gun the big boss showed up in that area they are like handling 4 guys and the big boss is not something i want to do okay so beamer tree see now they do not know where i am okay so let us do plan c technically still plan b they do not know where i am which is good are they are all holed up over there yeah see i got my health back and everything see like yeah i could stick a move okay me sticking the movement is not a bad thing no it is not it is not okay so okay so we just one sec here okay all right all right okay he is almost dead so you could just wreck him so is it some more yes i am on the side yeah wait you want to go through that wall real quick i think i can pull this guy over whistle i did okay i do not think he heard you i need to get a little bit closer is that the boss others carry here no but you can get him okay somebody spotted you 0 was it him it was him all right there you go got her all right what is wrong nope okay i am going to pick them off one by one i love how intense the music is there you got incredibly it sets if he do he said okay i see a lot of us guys are dead it was just the way he was positioned it looked a little weird no wrong a lot weird to be position is dead what is the question mark what it does that what does it mean you are searching it is all that means okay 0 you got it okay cool well you would have nowhere which way yeah you read our way so while that is happening let me go ahead and pick up this piece here this tablet yeah see like we got to be we are going to stick and move that is all right that is our new plan stick and move they do not know where i am that is all that matters i kind of wish i had a bomb or something a bomb every night or something well okay considering the time period we are in we are what 439 bce i mean we still can like get a grenadier so from where and from what i mean it would not be like a bomb like we know it is a bomb not like a ticking time bomb or anything like i could probably throw some oils or something you probably could or you could i think maybe it best make maybe like do a molotov and i am only saying that because you do have alcohol which is wine which is more really available then and fire yes know this probably stupid i mean say 0 okay wait that is a way all right in there no come on 0 that was not cool not cool well does not matter he is dead there you go again pitiful just because i let you go there you talk about super on the back you go well you you did not you did not even that is your song and you did not even try to sing it with me huh wait yo what the just happened i just got confused really really quickly 0 we accidentally killed the dog accident i need to kill a dog 0 okay well we just put the dog sorry loot loot if i can what everything might be okay so i i have a where was the ending mata up there okay so that is like the other thing that have to grab then this area will be over and then i can continue my mission and that is the plan now okay see i am worried about you sitting here worried about i do not worry about you were worried about it you are a little worried now you care about the pupper not you the da i said pupper it is a dog it is a popper if it knows it can get some it is a dog it is not your only one who is bringing sex into the equation i was reading education there yeah failure tragic yeah if you were trace the steps of odysseus and take the path north you will find a goat farm in ithaca where he wants met athena she helped him with the disguise okay hydra ward in on a slaughtered goat so said if i go north from here yeah in north you want to go towards ithaca so we need to go to is again yeah i think i already did dad i think i found the treasure he was talking about cuz this is north yeah i know i am i am going way off the beaten path i am aware okay are you wolf yes you are okay there yeah i got some more ludi things over there but there is a more ludi things damn it wolf yes he is right here somewhere okay i do not know where i do not know how to get to it weirdo okay so here is what i am going to do i am just going to go ahead and finish this part of the mission okay i will come back and i will get it get it caresses or odysseus is freaking fingers yeah okay okay cool that seems like it is a good plan right now i killed everybody everybody is dead all right they have been murdered they dolph have been murdered now i go pick up a shroud you know what i am going to pick up 0 we got a captive letter out so you want to yeah let us say you want to you know swag your ass got rekt word of warning do not come out of nowhere you will get annihilated in wrong ways yes 0 there is another wolf over here where did you come from i do not know i killed all the dolls come get some i just killed your sister ass off all right i now i have a new engraved mint left okay that was weird 0 damn she hammered her business she sure did go girl i am not mad at you not in the least yeah let us go fire can i get what you have yeah let us get like you she is like really literally sit his ass i do not want to fit people on fire so where we going 0 we got a turn to the racist was not richness yes he was he said you are kind you are kind i am pretty sure it was not meant in a good way okay i think she is free to else let me talk to her i can not believe i let those my lackey sneak up on me essica is a dangerous place to wander around on your own you are wandering around on your own you are welcome by the way dad dad you know new mission yeah let us travel all right let us go i will need to leave ithaca no we have to go to it we are ready here apparently is it if i go yeah okay the palace is like a 10000 meters away 0 okay which i could swear this where we were already let us run me and my fancy sandals what do you expected i know lisa is name no what the hell okay now i am taking it to the boat she was she was hoping okay why something blew me off wait no she was hoping that like the the area be like a little bit more it is kind of like her pilgrimage 0 okay sorry name is sake okay okay i am at your boat are you coming are you telling me that i have to literally walk you over here do i really have to walk you over here sorry where is she that is i took the assassin is creed path which you know drops me all the way down and she just did not follow along so what do we got to do so you coming or what i was already at your boat i was already there i was already enjoying my vacation we really do not have to help you you do know that right well now i do if i want to get paid i am very sure we could do other missions to get paid she could just go herself what do you want what do you want girl what was that i do not know i was trying to say something it out of nowhere you know what i was trying to say something in my body was like snatched it away from like no i am certain that is a good question that is a story cuz did not he go like on submission and then you are welcome i do give some good advice all right so we finished that mission we literally just have to turn in this shroud okay we are definitely the next someone special i am however going to okay i got a new weapon i did not even notice 0 that is another freaking mace that i do not want mace like actual mace no like a a mace not mace is not okay you know it i can not with you right now i can not with you right now but i want to find out where this thing is yeah okay so if you retraced the steps of odysseus and take the path north you will find a goat farm in ithaca where he wants met athena so i think i just have to keep going north of well i actually keep going towards the path which way is that it is here somewhere there is actually a path though but i have to go from here but we will do that next time on button smashing we will catch you all later thank you all for joining us by the way you can catch you all later deuces

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZlFzyMvVnE

Buddha nature or Buddha principle refers to several related terms most notably tathagatagarbha and buddha dato tathagatagarbha means the womb or embryo Garba of that thus gone tathagata or containing a tathagata while buddha da du literally means Buddha realm or Buddha substrate tathagatagarbha has a wide range of sometimes conflicting meanings in Indian and later East Asian and Tibetan Buddhist literature debates on what the term means continues to be a major part of Mahayana Buddhist scholastics for example the tibetan scholar go lotsawa outlined four meanings of the term tathagatagarbha as used by Indian Buddhist scholars generally one as an emptiness that is a non implicated negation to the luminous nature of the mind three Alya Vigi onna store consciousness for all Bodhisattvas and sentient beings topic etymology you topic tathagatagarbha the term tathagatagarbha may mean embryonic tathagata womb of the Tathagata or containing a tathagata various meanings may all be brought into mind when the term tathagatagarbha is being used topic compound the Sanskrit term tathagatagarbha is a compound of two terms Tata gada and Garba tathagata means the one thus gone referring to the Buddha it is composed of tatha and a gada the scum or tatha and gada thus gone the term refers to a Buddha who has thus gone from samsara into nirvana and thus come from Nirvana into samsara to work for the salvation of all sentient beings Garba womb embryo Center essence topic Asian translations the Chinese translated the term tathagatagarbha as traditional Chinese rule I Kang pinyin rule a jean or tathagata's rule i storehouse Zhuang according to brown storehouse may indicate both that which in folds or contained something or that which is itself in folded hidden or contained by another the Tibetan translation as DBZ ng segs Pais nyan po which cannot be translated as womb m ng al or L hums but as embryonic essence kernel or heart the term heart was also used by Mongolian translators topic Western translations the term tathagatagarbha is translated and interpreted in various ways by western translators and scholars according to Sally King the term tathagatagarbha may be understood in two ways embryonic tathagata the incipient buddha the cause of the Tathagata womb of the Tathagata the fruit of tathagata according to King the Chinese rule a Zhong was taken in its meaning as womb or fruit Waymon and Waymon also point out that the Chinese regularly takes Garba as womb but prefer to use the term embryo according to brown following Waymon and Waymon embryo is the best-fitting translation since it preserves the dynamic self transformative nature of the Tathagata Garba according to zimmerman Garba may also mean the interior or center of something and its essence or central part as a tip or ISA it may refer to a person being a womb for or container of the Tathagata as a BA Hoover ehi it may refer to a person as having an embryonic tathagata inside in both cases this embryonic tathagata still has to be developed zimmerman concludes that tathagatagarbha as a BA Hoover ehi meaning containing a tathagata but notes the variety of meanings of Garba such as containing born from embryo embracing concealing womb calyx child member of a clan core which may all be brought into mind when the term tathagatagarbha is being used topic buddha-nature the term buddha-nature traditional Chinese fushing pinyin foxing japanese basho is closely related in meaning to the term tathagatagarbha but is not a translation of this term it refers to what is essential in the human being the corresponding Sanskrit term is Buddha do it has two meanings namely the nature of the Buddha equivalent to the term dharmakaya and the cause of the Buddha the link between the cause and the result is the nature da - which is common to both namely the Dharma da - Matsumoto Shiro also points out that Buddha nature translates the Sanskrit term Buddha to a place to put something a foundation a locus according to Shiro it does not mean original nature or essence nor does it mean the possibility of the attainment of Buddhahood the original nature of the Buddha or the essence of the Buddha in the Vajrayana the term for Buddha nature is Suga Tiger MA topic indian sutra sources you topic earliest sources according to Wayman the idea of the tathagatagarbha is grounded on sayings by the Buddha that there is something called the luminous mind Prabhas vara citta which is only adventitious Li covered over by defilements a GaN Turkic Lisa the luminous mind is mentioned in a passage from the anga Torah nakiya luminous monks is the mind and it is defiled by incoming defilements the maha some Vika school coupled this idea of the luminous mind with the idea of the mullah vijnana the substratum consciousness that serves as the basis consciousness from the idea of the luminous mind emerged the idea that the awakened mind is the pure visually undefiled mine in the tathagatagarbha sutras it is this pure consciousness that is regarded to be the seed from which Buddhahood grows when this intrinsically pure consciousness came to be regarded as an element capable of growing into Buddhahood there was the embryo Garba of the Tathagata equals buddha doctrine whether or not this term is employed carl Brun holzle writes that the first probable mention of the term is in the echo tariqa agama though here it is used in a different way than in later texts the passage states if someone devotes himself to the a Qatari kagama then he has the Tathagata Garba even if his body cannot exhaust defilements in this life in his next life he will attain supreme wisdom this tathagatagarbha idea was the result of an interplay between various strands of Buddhist thought on the nature of human consciousness and the means of awakening Gregory comments on this origin of the tathagatagarbha doctrine the implication of this doctrine is that enlightenment as the natural and true state of the mind topic avatamsaka sutra according to Wayman the avatamsaka sutra 1st 3rd century CE II was the next step in the development of the Buddha nature thought after the concept of the luminous mind w here it is taught that the Buddha's divine knowledge pervades sentient beings and that it's representation in an individual being is the substratum consciousness the avatamsaka sutra does not contain a singular discussion of the concept but the idea of a universal penetration of sentient beings by the wisdom of the Buddha Buddha Gianna was complimentary to the concept of the Buddha womb the basic idea of the avatamsaka sutra is the unity of the absolute and the relative all in one one in all the all melts into a single hole there are no divisions in the totality of reality IT views the cosmos as holy as one Brightpearl the universal reality of the buddha the universal Buddhahood of all reality as the religious message of the avatamsaka sutra all levels of reality are related and interpenetrated this is depicted in the image of indras net this unity in totality allows every individual entity of the phenomenal world its uniqueness without attributing an inherent nature to anything topic sad ARMA pundarika Sutra the Lotus Sutra SKT sad Dharma Pandorica Sutra written between 100 BCE and 200 CE II does not mention buddha nature but shares other themes and ideas with the later tagada Garba sutras like the tathagatagarbha sutra and some scholars theorized that it was an influence on these texts the tenth chapter emphasizes in accordance with the Bodhisattva ideal of the Mahayana teachings that everyone can be liberated all living beings can become a Buddha not only monks and nuns but also laypeople serve occas Bodhisattvas and non-human creatures it also details that all living beings can be a teacher of the Dharma the 12th chapter of the Lotus Sutra details that the potential to become enlightened as universal among all people even the historical devaraja has the potential to become a Buddha the story of devadasi is followed by another story about a dragon princess who is both a naga and a female whom the bodhisattva manjusri proclaims will reach enlightenment immediately in her present form topic tether gotta garbage sutras there are several major Indian texts which discussed the idea of Buddha nature and they are often termed the tathagatagarbha sutras according to Brun holzle the earliest Mahayana sutras that are based on and discussed the notion of tathagatagarbha as the Buddha potential that is innate in all sentient beings began to appear in written form in the late 2nd and early 3rd century their ideas became very influential in East Asian Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism Mahayana sutras which mentioned this doctrine include the tathagatagarbha Sutra and anat VII purnatva nur dasa ramallah devi simonetta sutra mahayana mahaparinirvana sutra anjali meliha sutra in the lank of Vitara sutra the tathagatagarbha sutra 200 to 250 c ii is considered the earliest expression of this the tathagatagarbha doctrine and the term tathagatagarbha itself seems to have been coined in this very sutra it states that one is already or primordial ii awakened and that all beings already have perfect Buddhahood within themselves but do not recognize it because it is covered over by afflictions another one of these texts the GaN of you has Sutra as quoted by longchenpa states that the tathagatagarbha is the ground of all things the ultimate universal ground also has always been with the Buddha essence tathagatagarbha and this essence in terms of the universal ground has been taught by the tathagata the fools who do not know it because of their habits see even the universal ground as having various happiness and suffering and actions and emotional defilements its nature is pure and immaculate its qualities are as wishing jewels there are neither changes nor cessations whoever realizes it attains liberation you topic ramallah Devi semmanaadu Sutra thus ramallah Devi semmanaadu Sutra 3rd century CE he also named the lion's roar of queens ramallah centers on the teaching of the tathagatagarbha ultimate soteriological principle regarding the tathagatagarbha it states Lord the tathagatagarbha is neither self nor sentient being nor soul more personality the tathagatagarbha is not the domain of beings who fall into the belief in a real personality who adhered to wayward views whose thoughts are distracted by voidness Lord this tathagatagarbha as the embryo of the illustrious dharma due to the embryo of the Dharmakaya the embryo of the super mundane dharma the embryo of the intrinsically pure dharma in this ramallah Devi semmanaadu sutra there are two possible States for the tathagatagarbha e either covered by defilement when it is called only embryo of the Tathagata or free from defilements when the embryo of the Tathagata is no more the embryo potentiality but the tathagata actuality the sutra itself states it this way this dharmakaya of the Tathagata when not free from the store of defilement is referred to as the tathagatagarbha topic mahaparinirvana sutra the early buddha nature concept has expressed in the seminal tathagatagarbha sutra named the nirvana sutra as according to Kevin Traynor as follows sentient beings are said to possess a sacred nature that is the basis for them becoming Buddhist this Buddha nature has in fact our true nature universal and completely unsullied by whatever psychological and karmic state an individual may be in the mahaparinirvana sutra written 2nd century CE II was very influential in the Chinese reception of the Buddhist teachings the Mahayana mahaparinirvana sutra linked the concept of tathagatagarbha with the buddha to Kosho yamamoto points out that the nirvana sutra contains a series of equations thus there comes about the equation of buddha body topic dharmakaya eternal body topic eternal Buddha eternity quote according to Shimoda Masahiro the authors of the mahaparinirvana sutra were leaders and advocates of stupa worship the term buddha dato originally referred to relics in the mahaparinirvana sutra it came to be used in place of the concept of tathagatagarbha the authors used the teachings of the tathagatagarbha sutra to reshape the worship of the physical relics of the buddha into worship of the inner buddha as a principle of salvation Sasaki in a review of Shimoda conveys a key premise of Shimoda z' work namely that the origins of Mahayana Buddhism and the Nirvana Sutra are entwined the Buddha nature is always present in all times and in all beings this does not mean that sentient beings are at present endowed with the qualities of a Buddha but that they will have those qualities in the future it is obscured from worldly vision by the screening effect of tenacious negative mental afflictions within each being once these negative mental states have been eliminated however the buddha dato is said to shine forth unimpeded Li and the buddhists fear Buddha do this aya can then be consciously entered into and therewith deathless Nirvana attained T kita the gada Garba is none but the snis or the buddha nature and as the originally untainted pure mind which lies over spread by and exists in the mind of greed and anger of all beings this bespeaks a Buddha body that exists in a state of bondage according to Sally became it does not represent a major innovation and is rather unsystematic which made it a fruitful one for later students and commentators who are obliged to create their own order and bring it to the text according to Kain its most important innovation is the linking of the term Buddha do with tathagatagarbha the sutra presents the boot in nature or tathagatagarbha Zhou self the mahaparinirvana sutra refers to a true self the mahayana mahaparinirvana sutra especially influential in East Asian Buddhist thought goes so far as to speak of it as our true self Atman it's precise metaphysical and ontological status as however open to interpretation in the terms of different mahayana philosophical schools for the madhyamika sit must be empty of its own existence like everything else for the yoga currents following the lank of Vitara it can be identified with store consciousness as the receptacle of the seeds of awakening paul williams states it is obvious that the mahaparinirvana sutra does not consider it impossible for a Buddhist to affirm anatman provided it is clear what the correct understanding of this concept s and indeed the sutra clearly sees certain advantages in doing so but it speaks about buddha nature in so many different ways that Chinese scholars created a list of types of buddha nature that could be found in the text Paul Williams also notes nevertheless the sutra as it stands is quite clear that while we can speak of the tathagatagarbha as self actually it is not at all a self and those who have such self notions cannot perceive the tathagatagarbha and thus become enlightened see ruing 1 9 8 9 8 21 to 6 topic lankavatara sutra the Lang covet ARRA Sutra compiled 350 to 400 seee synthesized the tathagatagarbha doctrine and the Alaia Vidya doctrine the Lang covet ARRA Sutra assimilates tathagatagarbha thought to the yogacara viewpoint and this assimilation is further developed in the treatise on the awakening of faith in the Mahayana according to the Lanco Vitara sutra tathagatagarbha is identical to the Alaia vidya known prior to awakening as the storehouse consciousness or eighth consciousness the Alaia vision yonder is supposed to contain the pure seed or tathagatagarbha from which awakening arises the lankavatara sutra contains tathagatagarbha thought but also warns against reification of the idea of buddha nature and presents it as an aid to attaining awakening is not this tat that gotta Garbett taught by the blessed one the same as the ego substance taught by the philosophers the ego is taught by the philosophers as an eternal creator unqualified omnipresent and imperishable the blessed one replied it is emptiness reality limit nirvana being unborn unqualified and avoidable effort the reason why the tathagata's teach the doctrine pointing to the tathagatagarbha as to make the ignorant cast aside their fear when they listen to the teaching of egolessness and to have them realize the state of non-discrimination and image lessness according to Alex and Hideko Wayman the equation of tathagatagarbha and Alya vidya in the Lanco Vitara fails it is plain that when the lank of Vitara sutra identifies the two terms this scripture necessarily diverges in the meaning of one or both of the terms from the usage of the term tathagatagarbha in the earlier Sri mala or of the term Alaia Vedanta in the subsequent yogacara school topic in Indian commentaries the tathagatagarbha doctrine was also widely discussed by Indian Mahayana scholars in treatises or commentaries called sastra the most influential of which was the Rinnegan travail Baga 5th century CE II topic written agha trova baaga or uh dura tantra sastra the Rinnegan of iboga also called uh turret entre sastra fifth century CE II is an Indian sastra in which synthesized all the major elements and themes of the tathagatagarbha theory it gives an overview of authoritative tathagatagarbha sutras mentioning the tathagatagarbha sutra thus ramallah devi semmanaadu sutra maha parinirvana sutra the angle emolia sutra the antonov VII purnatva nerd essa in the maha very Haruka sutra it presents the tathagatagarbha as an ultimate unconditional reality that is simultaneously the inherent dynamic process towards its complete manifestation mundane and enlightened reality are seen as complementary the sness tadada defiled as the tathagatagarbha and the snis undefiled his enlightenment in the Rinnegan of iboga the tathagatagarbha is seen as having three specific characteristics one dharmakaya to suchness and 3 disposition as well as the general characteristic for non conceptuality according to the writ negative iboga all sentient beings have the embryo of the Tathagata in three senses the tathagata's dharmakaya permeates all sentient beings the tathagata's ta-da'-da is omnipresent a vib beta the tathagata's species Kotra a synonym for tathagatagarbha occurs in them the Rinnegan of iboga equates enlightenment with the Nirvana realm in the Dharmakaya it gives a variety of synonyms for Garba the most frequently used being go try and Dante this text also explains the tathagatagarbha in terms of luminous mind the luminous nature of the mind is unchanging just like space topic madhyamaka school Indian madhyamaka philosophers interpreted the theory as a description of emptiness and as a non implicated negation bhava cos Tarka Jwala states the expression possessing the tathagata heart is used because emptiness signlessness wishlist nests and so on exist in the mind streams of all sentient beings however it is not something like a permanent and all-pervasive person that is the inner agent for we find passages such as all phenomena have the nature of emptiness signlessness and wishlist Ness what is emptiness signlessness and wishlist miss as the tathagata Kendrick Rudy's medomak avatar Basia States one should know that since the Alaia consciousness follows the nature of all entities it is nothing but emptiness that is taught through the term Alaia consciousness go lotsawa states that this statement is referencing the tathagatagarbha doctrine Kendrick Rudy's medomak avatar Basia also argues basing itself on the Lang covet ARRA Sutra that the statement of the emptiness of sentient beings being a Buddha adorned with all major and minor marks as of expedient meaning Kamala Sheila's C 742 795 madhyamaka Luca Associates tathagatagarbha with luminosity and luminosity with emptiness this statement all sentient beings possess the tathagata heart teaches that all are suitable to attain the state of unsurpassable completely perfect awakening since it is held that the term tathagata expresses that the Dharma da - which is characterized by personal and phenomenal identity lessness is natural luminosity uniquely among madhyamaka texts some texts attributed to Nagarjuna mainly poetic works like the Dharma da - stava chitta warszawa and bodhicitta viviana associate the term tathagatagarbha with the luminous nature of the mine topic yogacara scholars according to Brun holzle all early Indian yogacara masters such as a Sangha vasa bon dieu stroma tea and as vibhava if they refer to the term tathagatagarbha at all always explain it as nothing but suchness in the sense of twofold identity lessness some later yogacara scholars spoke of the tathagatagarbha in more positive terms such as jane jana Sumitra who in his Sakura City equates it with the appearances of lucidity pricasso Rupa likewise Brun holzle notes that ratnakara Santi generally describes the tathagata heart as being equivalent to naturally luminous mind none till self-awareness and the perfect nature which he considers to be an implicated negation and not a non implicated negation topic alaya Vigi onna the yogacara concept of the Alya vagina store consciousness also came to be associated by some scholars with the tathagatagarbha this can be seen in sutras like the Lang covet ARA thus Ramallah Davian in the translations of para Martha the concept of the Alya Vigi Ana originally meant defiled consciousness defiled by the workings of the five senses in the mind it was also seen as the mule of a Gianna the base consciousness or stream of consciousness from which awareness and perception spring to account for the notion of Buddha nature in all beings with the yogacara belief in the five categories of beings yogacara scholars in China such as su n CN 632 to 682 the first patriarch in China advocated two types of nature the latent nature found in all beings Li fushing in the Buddha nature in practice Sheng food the latter nature was determined by the innate seeds in the Alaia topic try kya doctrine around 300 seee the yogacara school systematized the prevalent ideas on the nature of the buddha in the trachea or three body doctrine according to this doctrine Buddhahood has three aspects the nirmanakaya or transformation body the earthly manifestation of the Buddha the sambhogakaya or enjoyment body a subtle body by which the Buddha appears to Bodhisattvas to teach them the Dharmakaya or Dharma body the ultimate nature of the Buddha and the ultimate nature of reality they may be described as follows the first is that knowledge body jnana kaya the inner nature shared by all buddhas their Buddha mass Buddha the second aspect of the Dharma body is the self-existent body swab avika kaya this is the ultimate nature of reality the sness emptiness the non nature which is the very nature of dharmas their Dharma nests Dharma de it is the tathagatagarbha and bodhicitta hidden within beings and the transformed storehouse consciousness topic in Chinese Buddhism the tathagatagarbha idea was extremely influential in the development of East Asian Buddhism when Buddhism was introduced to China in the first century CE II Buddhism was understood through comparisons of its teachings to Chinese terms and ways of thinking Chinese Buddhist thinkers like ji min do jadynn and we un D 433 interpreted Buddhist concepts in terms of the Chinese neo Taoist philosophy called dark learning Shuang zu this tendency was only later countered by the work of Chinese madhyamaka scholar translators like kumara Jeeva the Buddha nature idea was introduced into China with the translation of the mahaparinirvana sutra in the early 5th century in this text became the central source of Buddha nature doctrine in Chinese Buddhism based on their understanding of the Mahayana mahaparinirvana sutra some Chinese Buddhist supposed that the teaching of the Buddha nature was as stated by that Sutra the final Buddhist teaching and that there is an essential truth above Sanada and the two truths this idea was interpreted as being similar to the ideas of Dao in principle Lee in Chinese philosophy topic the awakening of faith the awakening of faith was very influential in the development of Chinese Buddhism said to have been translated by para Martha 499 to 569 while the text is traditionally attributed to as vasa no sanskrit version of the text is extant the earliest known versions are written in chinese and contemporary scholars believe that the text is a chinese composition the awakening of faith in the mahayana offers a synthesis of chinese buddhist thinking it sees the buddha nature doctrine as a cosmological theory in contrast to the Indo Tibetan tradition where the soteriological aspect is emphasized it described the one mind which includes in itself all states of being of the phenomenal and transcendental world it tried to harmonize the ideas of the tathagatagarbha and a lyova gianna in the words of the awakening of faith which summarizes the essentials of Mahayana self in world mind and suchness are integrally one everything is a carrier of that a priori enlightenment all incipient enlightenment is predicated on it the mystery of existence is then not how may we overcome alienation the challenge is rather why do we think we are lost in the first place in the awakening of faith that one mind has two aspects namely ta-da'-da suchness the things as they are and samsara the cycle of birth and death this text was in line with an essay by Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty reign 502 to 549 C II in which he postulated a pure essence the enlightened mind trapped in darkness which is ignorant by this ignorance the pure mind is trapped in samsara this resembles the tathagatagarbha and the idea of the defilement of the luminous mind in a commentary on this essay Shen Yue stated that insight into this true essence is awakened by stopping the thoughts a point of view which is also being found in the platform Sutra of waning the joining together of these different ideas supported the notion of the a Keanu the one vehicle absolute oneness all-pervading Buddha wisdom and original enlightenment as a holistic whole this synthesis was a reflection of the unity which was attained in China with the United Song Dynasty topic in Chinese yogacara and madhyamaka by the sixth century seee buddha-nature had been well-established in chinese buddhism and a wide variety of theories developed to explain it one influential figure who wrote about buddha nature was Ching Ying Wei yuan five hundred twenty three to five hundred ninety to see a Chinese yoga Karen who argued for a kind of idealism which held that all Dharma's without exception originated and are formed from the true mind and other than the true mind there exists absolutely nothing which can give rise to false thoughts changing Wei yuan he equated this true mind with the Alaia vidya the tathagatagarbha and buddha nature foxing and held that it was in essence a true consciousness and a metaphysical principle that ensured that all sentient beings will reach enlightenment according to ming wood luo wei you'ens interpretation of the buddha nature doctrine represents the culmination of a long process of transformation of the buddha nature from a basically practical to an ontological concept the chinese yogacara school was also split on the relationship between the tathagatagarbha and a lyova gianna fa Shang 495 to 580 representing the southern yogacara asserted that they were separate that the Alaia was illusory and impure while buddha nature was the ultimate source of all phenomenal reality in the northern school meanwhile it was held that the Alya and Buddha nature were the same pure support for all phenomena in the 6th and 7th centuries the yogacara theory became associated with a substantial Istanbul metaphysics which saw Buddha nature as an eternal istic ground this idea was promoted by figures like fizz Aang and rotten Amati in contrast with the Chinese yogacara view the Chinese madhyamaka scholar jizeen 549 2 623 C II sought to remove all ontological connotations of the term as a metaphysical reality and saw Buddha nature as being synonymous with terms like tabata Dharma to Akiane wisdom ultimate reality quote quote middle way and also the wisdom that contemplates dependent origination in formulating his view was influenced by the earlier Chinese madhyamaka thinker sang cha 384 to 414 C II who was a key figure in outlining an understanding of emptiness which was based on the Indian sources and not on Taoist concepts which previous Chinese Buddhists had used used the compound middle-way buddha-nature joong-dal foxing zhong dafu Shang to refer to his view was also one of the first Chinese philosophers to famously argue that plants and in sentient objects of buddha nature which he also termed true reality and universal principle Dao in the 20th century the influential Chinese master Yin Chun drew on Chinese madhyamaka to argue against any yogacara influenced view that buddha nature was an underlying permanent ground of reality and instead supported the view that buddha nature teachings are just an expedient means yin shun drawing on his study of indian madhyamaka promoted the emptiness of all things as the ultimate Buddhist truth and argued that the Buddha nature teaching was a provisional teaching taught in order to ease the fear of some Buddhists regarding emptiness as well as to attract those people who have an affinity to the idea of a self or Brahman later after taking up the Buddhist path they would be introduced to the truth of emptiness topic in TNT in the Tian Tai school the primary figure as the scholar Zi according to Paul L Swanson none of Z's works discuss Buddha nature explicitly at length however yet it is still an important concept in his philosophy which is seen as synonymous with the Akiane principle outlined in the Lotus Sutra Swanson argues that for Zi Buddha nature as an active threefold process which involves the way reality is the wisdom to see reality as it is and the practice required to attain this wisdom Buddha nature is threefold the three aspects of reality wisdom and practice are interdependent one aspect does not make any sense without the others Buddha nature for Z therefore has three aspects which he bases on passages from the Lotus Sutra and the Nirvana Sutra the direct cause of attaining Buddhahood the innate potential in all sentient beings to become Buddhist which is the aspect of true nature the way things are the complete cause of attaining Buddhahood which is the aspect of wisdom that illuminates the true nature and the goal of practice the conditional causes of attaining Buddhahood which is the aspect of the practices and activities that lead to Buddhahood the later T&T scholar genre expand the TNT view of Buddha nature which he saw is synonymous with such nassif or the idea that in sentient rocks and plants also have Buddha nature topic in Chan Buddhism in Chan Buddhism Buddha nature tends to be seen as the non substantial essential nature of all beings but the Zen tradition also emphasizes that Buddha nature is sunyata the absence of an independent and substantial self chan masters from waning in 7th century China to Haku and ikkaku in 18th century Japan to Xiu Yin in 20th century China have all taught that the process of awakening begins with the light of the mind turning around within the eighth consciousness so that the alive Anjana also known as the tathagatagarbha is transformed into the bright mirror wisdom the Lanco Vitara sutra presents the chan zen buddhist view of the tathagatagarbha the buddha said now mohammed ii what is perfect knowledge it is realized when one casts aside the discriminating notions of form named reality and character it is the inner realization by noble wisdom this perfect knowledge maha mati is the essence of the tathagatagarbha when this active transformation is complete the other seven consciousnesses are also transformed the seventh consciousness of delusive discrimination becomes transformed into the Equality wisdom the sixth consciousness of thinking sense becomes transformed into that profound observing wisdom and the first 2/5 consciousnesses of the five sensory senses become transformed into the all performing wisdom the chan master mizue dao y:i 709 to 713 of Buddha nature famously stating that it was nothing less than ordinary mind and that all beings were already enlightened from the start the influential chan patriarch guifang zhang my 782 841 interpreted buddha nature as empty tranquil awareness Kang Chi Chi which he took from the Jose School of Chan following thus ramallah sutra he interpreted the theory of emptiness as presented in the progeny parameter sutras as provisional and saw buddha nature as the definitive teaching of Buddhism according to hang Ching she the teaching of the universal Buddha nature does not intend to assert the existence of substantial entity like self endowed with excellent features of a Buddha rather Buddha nature simply represents the potentiality to be realized in the future singen 48 patriarch of the linji school equates the buddha nature with the Dharmakaya in line with pronouncements in Keita the gada Garba sutras he defines these two as the inherent nature that exists in all beings in Mahayana Buddhism enlightenment as a process of uncovering this inherent nature the Buddha nature is identical with transcendental reality the unity of the Buddha with everything that exists topic Korean Buddhism in the Korean Vajra Samadhi Sutra 685 seee the tathagatagarbha is presented as being possessed of two elements one essential immutable changeless and still the other active and salvation' 'el this dharma of the one mind which is the original tathagatagarbha is said to be calm and motionless the vajrasana DS analysis of tathagatagarbha also recalls a distinction the awakening of faith makes between the calm unchanging essence of the mind and it's active adaptable function the tathagatagarbha is equated with the original edge of reality Buddha Cote that is beyond all distinctions the equivalent of original enlightenment or the essence but tathagatagarbha is also the active functioning of that original enlightenment the inspirational power of that fundamental faculty the tathagatagarbha is thus both the original edge of reality that is beyond cultivation equals essence as well as the specific types of wisdom and mystical talents that are the byproducts of enlightenment equals function equals topic Japanese Buddhism equals topic Nichiren Buddhism Nichiren 1222 to 1282 was a Buddhist monk who taught devotion to the Lotus Sutra as the exclusive means to attain enlightenment and the chanting of namu myoho renge Kyo is the essential practice of the teaching Nichiren Buddhism includes various schools with diverging interpretations of nichiren's teachings Nichiren Buddhism views the Buddha nature as the inner potential for attaining Buddhahood common to all people based on the Lotus Sutra Nichiren maintained that all living being possessed the Buddha nature being the inherent potential to attain Buddhahood the Buddha nature refers to the potential for attaining Buddhahood a state of awakening filled with compassion and wisdom the emphasis in Nichiren Buddhism is on revealing the Buddha nature or attaining Buddhahood in this lifetime through chanting the name of the Dharma of the Lotus Sutra T the Buddha nature within us has summoned forth and manifested by our chanting of nam-myoho-renge-kyo the potential for Buddhahood exists in the whole spectrum of the ten worlds of life and this means that all people including evildoers of Buddha nature which remains as a dormant possibility or a theoretical potential in the field of emptiness or non substantiality until it is materialized in reality through Buddhist practice in his letter opening the eyes of wooden and painted images Nichiren explains that in sentient matter such as trees mandalas images statues also possess the Buddha nature because they serve as objects of worship this view regards the Buddha nature as the original nature of all manifestations of life sentient and in sentient through their interconnectedness this concept of the enlightenment of plants in turn derives from the doctrine of three thousand realms in a single moment of life which teaches that all life in sentient insentient possesses the Buddha nature topic Zen Buddhism the founder of the Soto school of Zen Buddhism Duggan's ng held that Buddha nature Basho Fusheng was simply the true nature of reality and being this true nature was just impermanence becoming and vast emptiness because he saw the whole universe as an expression of Buddha nature he held that even grass and trees are Buddha nature therefore the very impertinent tree thicket and forest as the Buddha nature the very impermanence e of men and things body and mind is the Buddha nature nature and lands mountains and rivers are impermanent because they are the Buddha nature supreme and complete enlightenment because it is impermanent is the Buddha nature the founder of San Bochy Odin lineage of Zen Buddhism yasutani hakuna Roshi also defined Buddha nature in terms of the emptiness and impermanence of all Dharma's everything by its very nature is subject to the process of infinite transformation this is its Buddha or Dharma nature what is the substance of this Buddha or Dharma nature in Buddhism it is called qu Shunyata now qu is not mere emptiness it is that which is living dynamic devoid of mass unfixed beyond individuality or personality the matrix of all phenomena a famous reference to Buddha nature in the Zen tradition as the MU : a monk asked Jo Jo Cong Jen a Chinese Zen master known as Joshua in Japanese has a dog Buddha nature or not jo Jo answered it does not would Chinese mu in Japanese topic Shin Buddhism the founder of the jodo shinshu of pure land buddhism Shinran equated buddha nature with shinjin topic Tibetan Buddhism in Tibetan Buddhist scholastics there are two main camps of interpreting Buddha nature there are those who argue that tathagatagarbha is just emptiness described either as Dharma due to the nature of phenomena or a non implicated negation and there are those who see it as the union of the minds emptiness and luminosity which includes the Buddha qualities the gelug school of tibetan buddhism favors what is called the rank tong interpretation of priests and iike madhyamaka philosophy they thus interpret buddha nature as an expedient term for the emptiness of inherent existence other schools especially the joning in kagyu have tended to accept the Shenton other empty madhyamaka philosophy which discerns an absolute which is empty of adventitious defilements which are intrinsically other than it but is not empty of its own inherent existence these interpretations of the tathagatagarbha teachings has been a matter of intensive debates in tibet topic gelug an early Tibetan translator Ngoc lotsawa 1052 1109 argues in his commentary to the Uttara Tantra that buddha nature is a non implicative negation which is to say that it is emptiness as a total negation of inherent existence slava that does not imply that anything is left unneeded in terms of its svabhava another early figure Chobot chokki Sanj also argued that buddha nature was a non implicated negation the Kadampa tradition generally followed not lotsawa by holding that buddha nature was a non implicated negation the gelug school which sees itself as a continuation of the Kadampa s-- also hold this view while also holding as Csaba did that buddha nature teachings are of expedient meaning head rubs age a leg ball song 1385 to 1438 one of the main disciples of tsong khapa defined the tathagatagarbha thus it is the emptiness of minds being empty of being really established that is called the naturally pure true nature of the mind the naturally pure true nature of the mind in its phase of not being free from adventitious stains as called sugata heart or naturally abiding disposition run holzle states that the view of gau shabd dharma rinchen 1364 to 1432 is that the tathagata heart is the state of a being and whom minds emptiness is obscured while buddhas by definition do not possess this tathagata heart the 14th Dalai Lama sees the Buddha nature as the original clear light of mind but points out that it ultimately does not exist independently because like all other phenomena it is of the nature of emptiness once one pronounces the words emptiness and absolute one has the impression of speaking of the same thing in fact of the absolute if emptiness must be explained through the use of just one of these two terms there will be confusion I must say this otherwise you might think that the innate original clear light is absolute truth really exists topic satya Sakya Pandita 1182 to 1250 one sees the buddha nature as the dharma to free from all reference points and states that the teaching that buddha nature exists in all beings as of expedient meaning and that its basis is emptiness citing Kendrick Rudy's medomak avatar Basia the sake of scholar Rondon meanwhile argued that Buddha nature is such nice boys stains or emptiness of the mind with stains sake Oh scholar boot and wrench and rub 1292 1364 like the gelugpa s held that the Buddha nature teachings were of expedient meaning and that that the naturally abiding disposition is nothing but emptiness however unlike them his view was that the basis for these teachings is the Alaia Vidya and also that Buddha nature is the Dharmakaya of the Buddha but never exists in the great mass of sentient beings according to Brun holzle in the works of the influential Satya scholar Garamba Sonam senge 1429 to 1489 Buddha nature s non dual unity of minds lucidity and emptiness or awareness and emptiness free from all reference points it is not mere emptiness because sheer emptiness cannot be the basis of both samsara and nirvana however it is not mere lucidity either because this lucidity is a conditioned entity and the tathagata heart is unconditioned satya choked and meanwhile argues that the ultimate Buddha nature has Minds natural luminosity free from all extremes of reference points which is the sphere of personally experienced wisdom and an implicated negation topic joning the joning school whose foremost historical figure was the tibetan scholar mung dal PO Beshear Abbe Galton 1292 to 1361 sees the Buddha nature as the very ground of the Buddha himself as the permanent indwelling of the Buddha in the basal state according to Brun holzle dal Papa basing himself uncertainty the gada Garba sutras argued that the Buddha nature is ultimately really established everlasting eternal permanent immutable Thursday and being beyond dependent origination this is the foundation of what is called the Shenton view moreover the buddhist tantric Scripture entitled chanting the names of Manya Sri Manya Serena MA Sangeeta repeatedly exalts as portrayed by dal Papa not the non-self but the self and applies the following terms to this ultimate reality the Buddhist self the beginningless self the solid self the diamond self these terms are applied in a manner which reflects the katha fatik approach to Buddhism typical of much of dull Papa's writings dr. Cyrus Stearns writes that dull Papa's attitude to the third turning of the wheel doctrines ie the Buddha nature teachings is that they are the final definitive statements on the nature of ultimate reality the primordial ground or substrate and beyond the chain of dependent origination and which is only empty of other relative phenomena topic nygma in the Ning the school doctrines on buddha-nature are generally marked by the tendency to align the idea with zou chin views as well as with press on jika madhyamaka beginning with the work of wrongs 'm 1042 to 11:36 and continuing into the work of longchenpa 1308 to 1364 and me from 1846 to 1912 me from rinpoche the most authoritative figure in modern nigma adopted a view of buddha nature as the unity of appearance and emptiness relating it to the descriptions of the ground in zou Chen as outlined by longchenpa this ground is said to be primordial ii pure kadai and spontaneously present e'en grub Germano rights that sochan represents the most sophisticated interpretation of the so-called buddha nature tradition within the context of indo-tibetan thought the 19th 20th century english scholar chechen Galt SAP Durham Pema namgyal sees the Buddha nature as ultimate truth nirvana which is constituted of profundity primordial peace and radiance Buddha nature is immaculate it is profound serene unfair cated suchness and uncompounded expanse of luminosity non arising unceasing primordial peace spontaneously present Nirvana Tulku or Jian Rinpoche sees an identity between the Buddha nature Dharma dato essence of all phenomena and the noumenon and the three Varis saying Dharma donto is adorned with dharmakaya which is endowed with Dharma to wisdom this is a brief but very profound statement because Dharma da2 also refers to sugata Garba or Buddha nature Buddha nature is all-encompassing this buddha-nature is present just as the shining sun is present in the sky it is indivisible from the three Vadra x' ie the Buddha's body speech and mind of the awakened state which do not perish or change the mingling meditation masters kenshin Paulding Shi Rabun khenpo so wang daniel emphasized that the essential nature of the mind the buddha nature is not a blankness but is characterized by wonderful qualities and a non conceptual perfection that is already present and complete it's just obscured and we fail to recognize it speaking in the context of Nima zou Chen ponlop expresses the view that there exists within Vajrayana Buddhism the doctrine that we are already Buddha in the Vajrayana we are Buddha right now in this very moment and that it is legitimate to have Bhadra pride in our Buddha mind and the already present qualities of enlightenment with which it is replete Vajra pride refers to our pride and confidence in the absolute nature of our mind as Buddha primordial II originally pure awake and full of the qualities of enlightenment topic kagyu according to Brun holzle virtually all kagyu masters hold the teaching on buddha nature to be a definitive meaning and denied that the tathagata heart has just sheer emptiness or a non implicative negation though the kagyu approach has certain similarities with dole tapas view it is generally less absolute than the ladders and shows several significant differences such as not claiming that the Buddha qualities exist in their full-blown form even in confused sentient beings and not making such an absolute distinction between the two realities as dal PO pod as the exception as jamgön control load wrote a who largely follows Taran Atta and dal Papa but at times blends their positions with the third karma is view in kagyu the view of the third karmapa is generally seen as the most authoritative this is the view that Buddha nature us minds luminous ultimate nature or non-dual wisdom which is the basis of everything in samsara and Nirvana rangu Rinpoche sees the Buddha nature as the indivisible oneness of wisdom and emptiness the union of wisdom and emptiness is the essence of Buddhahood or what is called Buddha nature SKT tagada Garba because it contains the very seed the potential of Buddhahood it resides in each and every being and because of this essential nature this heart nature there is the possibility of reaching Buddhahood topic the remai movement the rim a movement as an ecumenical movement in Tibet which started as an attempt to reconcile the various Tibetan schools in the 19th century in contrast to the Galya GPA which adheres to the rank strong self empty or person geek a point of view the rim a movement supports Shen Tong G's on Tong other empty an essential nature which is pure radiant non-dual consciousness jamgön control says about the two systems madhyamika philosophies have no differences in realizing as Shunyata all phenomena that we experience on a relative level they have no differences also in reaching the meditative state where all extremes ideas completely dissolve their difference lies in the words they used to describe the dharma de shen tong describes the dharma de the mind of buddha is ultimately real while ranked on philosophers feared that if it is described that way people might understand it as the concept of soul or Atma the Shen Tong philosopher believes that there is a more serious possibility of misunderstanding in describing the enlightened state as unreal and void control finds the ranked Hong Way of presentation the best to dissolve concepts in the Shenton way the best to describe the experience topic modern scholarship modern scholarship points to the various possible interpretations of Buddha nature as either an essential self as Sanada or is the inherent possibility of awakening topic essential self Shen pen hook'em oxford buddhist scholar and tibetan lama of the Shen tong tradition writes of the buddha nature or true self as something real and permanent and already present within the being is uncompounded enlightenment she calls it the buddha within and comments in scriptural terms there can be no real objection to referring to Buddha Buddhist Nana Buddha awareness Buddha knowledge Nirvana and so forth as the true self unless the concept of Buddha and so forth being propounded can be shown to be impermanent suffering compounded or imperfect in some way in Shen Tong terms the non self is about what is not the case and the self of the third Dharma chakra ie the Buddha nature doctrine is about what truly s Buddhist scholar and chronicler mer Fowler writes that the Buddha nature really is present as an essence within each being Fowler Commons the teaching that Buddha nature is the hidden essence within all sentient beings as the main message of the tathagatagarbha literature the earliest of which is the tathagatagarbha sutra this short Sutra says that all living beings are in essence identical to the Buddha regardless of their defilements or there continuing transmigration from life to life as in the earlier traditions there is present the idea that enlightenment or Nirvana is not something which has to be achieved it is something which is already there in a way it means that everyone is really a Buddha now topic sunyata according to Hank qianxi the tathagatagarbha buddha-nature does not represent a substantial self admin rather it is a positive language expression of emptiness sunyata which emphasizes the potentiality to realize Buddhahood through Buddhist practices the intention of the teaching of tathagatagarbha Buddha nature is soteriological rather than theoretical Paul Williams puts forward the madhyamaka interpretation of the Buddha nature as emptiness in the following terms if one is a madhyamika then that which enables sentient beings to become Buddha's must be the very factor that enables the minds of sentient beings to change into the minds of Buddhist that which enables things to change is their simple absence of inherent existence their emptiness thus the tathagatagarbha becomes emptiness itself but specifically emptiness when applied to the mental continuum topic critical buddhist interpretation several contemporary Japanese Buddhist scholars headed under the label critical Buddhism to Han Vecchio pipe Fojo have been critical of Buddha nature thought according to Matsumoto Shiro and Haku Maia noriaki of kumazawa University essentialist conceptions of Buddha nature are at odds with the fundamental Buddhist doctrine of dependent origination and non-self anatman the Buddha nature doctrines which they label as dot Avada substantial ism sometimes rendered locus theory or topical ism and generative monism is not Buddhism at all as defined by Matsumoto this locus theory or dot Avada which he rejects as unbootable ayka sama existent locus dot o or basis as the cause that produces the manifold phenomena or super-low Sai Dharma Matsumoto further argues that tathagatagarbha thought was a Buddhist version of Hindu monism formed by the influence of Hinduism gradually introduced into Buddhism especially after the rise of Mahayana Buddhism other Japanese scholars responded to this view leading to a lively debate in Japan Takasaki G Kido a well-known authority on tathagatagarbha thought accepted that Buddha nature theories are similar to Panasonic theories and that da2 vada is an accurate expression of the structure of these doctrines but argues that the Buddha nature texts are aware of this and that Buddha nature is not necessarily unbootable likewise hirokawa akira sees buddha nature as the potential to attain Buddhahood which not static but ever-changing and argues that dato does not necessarily mean sub stratum he points to some agamas which identified da2 with pratityasamutpada Western scholars have reacted in different ways to this idea Sally B King objects to their view seeing the Buddha nature as a metaphor for the potential in all beings to attain Buddhahood rather than as an ontological reality Robert H sharp notes that the worries of the critical Buddhists is nothing new for the early tathagatagarbha scriptures betray a similar anxiety as they tacitly acknowledge that the doctrine is close to if not identical with the heretical Atma vada teachings of the non-buddhists he also notes how the Nirvana Sutra tacitly concedes the on Buddhist roots of the tathagatagarbha idea Scharf also has pointed out how certain southern qian masters were concerned with other interpretations of buddha nature showing how the tendency to critique certain views of buddha nature is not new in East Asian Buddhism Peter and Gregory has also argued that at least some East Asian interpretations of Buddha nature are equivalent to what critical Buddhists called da to vada especially the work of some me who emphasizes the underlying ontological ground on which all phenomenal appearances sang are based which he variously refers to as the nature saying the one mind eyes Sheen according to dan lust house certain Chinese Buddhist ideologies which became dominant in the eighth century promoted the idea of an underlying metaphysical substratum or underlying invariant universal metaphysical source and thus do seem to be a kind of Dottie vada according to lust house in early Tang China 7th 8th century there was a deliberate attempt to divorce Chinese Buddhism from developments in India lest house notes that the wyan thinker FA sang was influential in this theological trend who promoted the idea that true Buddhism was about comprehending the one mind that alone is the ground of reality weixin Paul Williams too has criticized this view saying that critical Buddhism is too narrow in its definition of what constitutes Buddhism according to Williams we should abandon any simplistic identification of Buddhism with a straightforward not self definition topic multiple meanings you sudden degrees with Williams critique on the narrowness of any single interpretation in discussing the inadequacies of modern scholarship on buddha-nature sudden states one is impressed by the fact that these authors as a rule tend to opt for a single meaning disregarding all other possible meanings which are embraced in turn by other texts he goes on to point out that the term tathagatagarbha has up to six possible connotations of these he says the three most important are an underlying ontological reality or essential nature Tathagata tadada via tariqa which is functionally equivalent to a self Atman in a new Panasonic sense the Dharmakaya which penetrates all beings Sarvis sattva su dharmakaya Paris Farina which is functionally equivalent to Brahman in a new Panasonic sense the womb or matrix of Buddhahood existing in all beings Tathagata gotras Sambhav a-- which provides beings with the possibility of awakening of these three sudden claims that only the third connotation has any soteriological significance while the other two posit Buddha nature as an ontological reality and essential nature behind all phenomena topic see also equals equals notes

buddha nature or buddha principle refers to several related terms most notably tathagatagarbha and buddha dato tathagatagarbha means the womb or embryo garba of that thus gone tathagata or containing a tathagata while buddha da du literally means buddha realm or buddha substrate tathagatagarbha has a wide range of sometimes conflicting meanings in indian and later east asian and tibetan buddhist literature debates on what the term means continues to be a major part of mahayana buddhist scholastics for example the tibetan scholar go lotsawa outlined 4 meanings of the term tathagatagarbha as used by indian buddhist scholars generally one as an emptiness that is a non implicated negation to the luminous nature of the mind 3 alya vigi onna store consciousness for all bodhisattvas and sentient beings topic etymology you topic tathagatagarbha the term tathagatagarbha may mean embryonic tathagata womb of the tathagata or containing a tathagata various meanings may all be brought into mind when the term tathagatagarbha is being used topic compound the sanskrit term tathagatagarbha is a compound of 2 terms tata gada and garba tathagata means the one thus gone referring to the buddha it is composed of tatha and a gada the scum or tatha and gada thus gone the term refers to a buddha who has thus gone from samsara into nirvana and thus come from nirvana into samsara to work for the salvation of all sentient beings garba womb embryo center essence topic asian translations the chinese translated the term tathagatagarbha as traditional chinese rule i kang pinyin rule a jean or tathagata is rule i storehouse zhuang according to brown storehouse may indicate both that which in folds or contained something or that which is itself in folded hidden or contained by another the tibetan translation as dbz ng segs pais nyan po which cannot be translated as womb m ng al or l hums but as embryonic essence kernel or heart the term heart was also used by mongolian translators topic western translations the term tathagatagarbha is translated and interpreted in various ways by western translators and scholars according to sally king the term tathagatagarbha may be understood in 2 ways embryonic tathagata the incipient buddha the cause of the tathagata womb of the tathagata the fruit of tathagata according to king the chinese rule a zhong was taken in its meaning as womb or fruit waymon and waymon also point out that the chinese regularly takes garba as womb but prefer to use the term embryo according to brown following waymon and waymon embryo is the best fitting translation since it preserves the dynamic self transformative nature of the tathagata garba according to zimmerman garba may also mean the interior or center of something and its essence or central part as a tip or isa it may refer to a person being a womb for or container of the tathagata as a ba hoover ehi it may refer to a person as having an embryonic tathagata inside in both cases this embryonic tathagata still has to be developed zimmerman concludes that tathagatagarbha as a ba hoover ehi meaning containing a tathagata but notes the variety of meanings of garba such as containing born from embryo embracing concealing womb calyx child member of a clan core which may all be brought into mind when the term tathagatagarbha is being used topic buddha nature the term buddha nature traditional chinese fushing pinyin foxing japanese basho is closely related in meaning to the term tathagatagarbha but is not a translation of this term it refers to what is essential in the human being the corresponding sanskrit term is buddha do it has 2 meanings namely the nature of the buddha equivalent to the term dharmakaya and the cause of the buddha the link between the cause and the result is the nature da which is common to both namely the dharma da matsumoto shiro also points out that buddha nature translates the sanskrit term buddha to a place to put something a foundation a locus according to shiro it does not mean original nature or essence nor does it mean the possibility of the attainment of buddhahood the original nature of the buddha or the essence of the buddha in the vajrayana the term for buddha nature is suga tiger ma topic indian sutra sources you topic earliest sources according to wayman the idea of the tathagatagarbha is grounded on sayings by the buddha that there is something called the luminous mind prabhas vara citta which is only adventitious li covered over by defilements a gan turkic lisa the luminous mind is mentioned in a passage from the anga torah nakiya luminous monks is the mind and it is defiled by incoming defilements the maha some vika school coupled this idea of the luminous mind with the idea of the mullah vijnana the substratum consciousness that serves as the basis consciousness from the idea of the luminous mind emerged the idea that the awakened mind is the pure visually undefiled mine in the tathagatagarbha sutras it is this pure consciousness that is regarded to be the seed from which buddhahood grows when this intrinsically pure consciousness came to be regarded as an element capable of growing into buddhahood there was the embryo garba of the tathagata equals buddha doctrine whether or not this term is employed carl brun holzle writes that the 1st probable mention of the term is in the echo tariqa agama though here it is used in a different way than in later texts the passage states if someone devotes himself to the a qatari kagama then he has the tathagata garba even if his body cannot exhaust defilements in this life in his next life he will attain supreme wisdom this tathagatagarbha idea was the result of an interplay between various strands of buddhist thought on the nature of human consciousness and the means of awakening gregory comments on this origin of the tathagatagarbha doctrine the implication of this doctrine is that enlightenment as the natural and true state of the mind topic avatamsaka sutra according to wayman the avatamsaka sutra 1st 3rd century ce ii was the next step in the development of the buddha nature thought after the concept of the luminous mind w here it is taught that the buddha is divine knowledge pervades sentient beings and that it is representation in an individual being is the substratum consciousness the avatamsaka sutra does not contain a singular discussion of the concept but the idea of a universal penetration of sentient beings by the wisdom of the buddha buddha gianna was complimentary to the concept of the buddha womb the basic idea of the avatamsaka sutra is the unity of the absolute and the relative all in 11 in all the all melts into a single hole there are no divisions in the totality of reality it views the cosmos as holy as one brightpearl the universal reality of the buddha the universal buddhahood of all reality as the religious message of the avatamsaka sutra all levels of reality are related and interpenetrated this is depicted in the image of indras net this unity in totality allows every individual entity of the phenomenal world its uniqueness without attributing an inherent nature to anything topic sad arma pundarika sutra the lotus sutra skt sad dharma pandorica sutra written between 100 bce and 200 ce ii does not mention buddha nature but shares other themes and ideas with the later tagada garba sutras like the tathagatagarbha sutra and some scholars theorized that it was an influence on these texts the 10th chapter emphasizes in accordance with the bodhisattva ideal of the mahayana teachings that everyone can be liberated all living beings can become a buddha not only monks and nuns but also laypeople serve occas bodhisattvas and non human creatures it also details that all living beings can be a teacher of the dharma the 12th chapter of the lotus sutra details that the potential to become enlightened as universal among all people even the historical devaraja has the potential to become a buddha the story of devadasi is followed by another story about a dragon princess who is both a naga and a female whom the bodhisattva manjusri proclaims will reach enlightenment immediately in her present form topic tether got to garbage sutras there are several major indian texts which discussed the idea of buddha nature and they are often termed the tathagatagarbha sutras according to brun holzle the earliest mahayana sutras that are based on and discussed the notion of tathagatagarbha as the buddha potential that is innate in all sentient beings began to appear in written form in the late 2nd and early 3rd century their ideas became very influential in east asian buddhism and tibetan buddhism mahayana sutras which mentioned this doctrine include the tathagatagarbha sutra and anat vii purnatva nur dasa ramallah devi simonetta sutra mahayana mahaparinirvana sutra anjali meliha sutra in the lank of vitara sutra the tathagatagarbha sutra 200 to 250 c ii is considered the earliest expression of this the tathagatagarbha doctrine and the term tathagatagarbha itself seems to have been coined in this very sutra it states that one is already or primordial ii awakened and that all beings already have perfect buddhahood within themselves but do not recognize it because it is covered over by afflictions another one of these texts the gan of you has sutra as quoted by longchenpa states that the tathagatagarbha is the ground of all things the ultimate universal ground also has always been with the buddha essence tathagatagarbha and this essence in terms of the universal ground has been taught by the tathagata the fools who do not know it because of their habits see even the universal ground as having various happiness and suffering and actions and emotional defilements its nature is pure and immaculate its qualities are as wishing jewels there are neither changes nor cessations whoever realizes it attains liberation you topic ramallah devi semmanaadu sutra thus ramallah devi semmanaadu sutra 3rd century ce he also named the lion is roar of queens ramallah centers on the teaching of the tathagatagarbha ultimate soteriological principle regarding the tathagatagarbha it states lord the tathagatagarbha is neither self nor sentient being nor soul more personality the tathagatagarbha is not the domain of beings who fall into the belief in a real personality who adhered to wayward views whose thoughts are distracted by voidness lord this tathagatagarbha as the embryo of the illustrious dharma due to the embryo of the dharmakaya the embryo of the super mundane dharma the embryo of the intrinsically pure dharma in this ramallah devi semmanaadu sutra there are 2 possible states for the tathagatagarbha e either covered by defilement when it is called only embryo of the tathagata or free from defilements when the embryo of the tathagata is no more the embryo potentiality but the tathagata actuality the sutra itself states it this way this dharmakaya of the tathagata when not free from the store of defilement is referred to as the tathagatagarbha topic mahaparinirvana sutra the early buddha nature concept has expressed in the seminal tathagatagarbha sutra named the nirvana sutra as according to kevin traynor as follows sentient beings are said to possess a sacred nature that is the basis for them becoming buddhist this buddha nature has in fact our true nature universal and completely unsullied by whatever psychological and karmic state an individual may be in the mahaparinirvana sutra written 2nd century ce ii was very influential in the chinese reception of the buddhist teachings the mahayana mahaparinirvana sutra linked the concept of tathagatagarbha with the buddha to kosho yamamoto points out that the nirvana sutra contains a series of equations thus there comes about the equation of buddha body topic dharmakaya eternal body topic eternal buddha eternity quote according to shimoda masahiro the authors of the mahaparinirvana sutra were leaders and advocates of stupa worship the term buddha dato originally referred to relics in the mahaparinirvana sutra it came to be used in place of the concept of tathagatagarbha the authors used the teachings of the tathagatagarbha sutra to reshape the worship of the physical relics of the buddha into worship of the inner buddha as a principle of salvation sasaki in a review of shimoda conveys a key premise of shimoda z work namely that the origins of mahayana buddhism and the nirvana sutra are entwined the buddha nature is always present in all times and in all beings this does not mean that sentient beings are at present endowed with the qualities of a buddha but that they will have those qualities in the future it is obscured from worldly vision by the screening effect of tenacious negative mental afflictions within each being once these negative mental states have been eliminated however the buddha dato is said to shine forth unimpeded li and the buddhists fear buddha do this aya can then be consciously entered into and therewith deathless nirvana attained t kita the gada garba is none but the snis or the buddha nature and as the originally untainted pure mind which lies over spread by and exists in the mind of greed and anger of all beings this bespeaks a buddha body that exists in a state of bondage according to sally became it does not represent a major innovation and is rather unsystematic which made it a fruitful one for later students and commentators who are obliged to create their own order and bring it to the text according to kain its most important innovation is the linking of the term buddha do with tathagatagarbha the sutra presents the boot in nature or tathagatagarbha zhou self the mahaparinirvana sutra refers to a true self the mahayana mahaparinirvana sutra especially influential in east asian buddhist thought goes so far as to speak of it as our true self atman it is precise metaphysical and ontological status as however open to interpretation in the terms of different mahayana philosophical schools for the madhyamika sit must be empty of its own existence like everything else for the yoga currents following the lank of vitara it can be identified with store consciousness as the receptacle of the seeds of awakening paul williams states it is obvious that the mahaparinirvana sutra does not consider it impossible for a buddhist to affirm anatman provided it is clear what the correct understanding of this concept s and indeed the sutra clearly sees certain advantages in doing so but it speaks about buddha nature in so many different ways that chinese scholars created a list of types of buddha nature that could be found in the text paul williams also notes nevertheless the sutra as it stands is quite clear that while we can speak of the tathagatagarbha as self actually it is not at all a self and those who have such self notions cannot perceive the tathagatagarbha and thus become enlightened see ruing one 9 8 9 8 21 to 6 topic lankavatara sutra the lang covet arra sutra compiled 350 to 400 seee synthesized the tathagatagarbha doctrine and the alaia vidya doctrine the lang covet arra sutra assimilates tathagatagarbha thought to the yogacara viewpoint and this assimilation is further developed in the treatise on the awakening of faith in the mahayana according to the lanco vitara sutra tathagatagarbha is identical to the alaia vidya known prior to awakening as the storehouse consciousness or 8th consciousness the alaia vision yonder is supposed to contain the pure seed or tathagatagarbha from which awakening arises the lankavatara sutra contains tathagatagarbha thought but also warns against reification of the idea of buddha nature and presents it as an aid to attaining awakening is not this tat that got to garbett taught by the blessed one the same as the ego substance taught by the philosophers the ego is taught by the philosophers as an eternal creator unqualified omnipresent and imperishable the blessed one replied it is emptiness reality limit nirvana being unborn unqualified and avoidable effort the reason why the tathagata is teach the doctrine pointing to the tathagatagarbha as to make the ignorant cast aside their fear when they listen to the teaching of egolessness and to have them realize the state of non discrimination and image lessness according to alex and hideko wayman the equation of tathagatagarbha and alya vidya in the lanco vitara fails it is plain that when the lank of vitara sutra identifies the 2 terms this scripture necessarily diverges in the meaning of one or both of the terms from the usage of the term tathagatagarbha in the earlier sri mala or of the term alaia vedanta in the subsequent yogacara school topic in indian commentaries the tathagatagarbha doctrine was also widely discussed by indian mahayana scholars in treatises or commentaries called sastra the most influential of which was the rinnegan travail baga 5th century ce ii topic written agha trova baaga or dura tantra sastra the rinnegan of iboga also called turret entre sastra 5th century ce ii is an indian sastra in which synthesized all the major elements and themes of the tathagatagarbha theory it gives an overview of authoritative tathagatagarbha sutras mentioning the tathagatagarbha sutra thus ramallah devi semmanaadu sutra maha parinirvana sutra the angle emolia sutra the antonov vii purnatva nerd essa in the maha very haruka sutra it presents the tathagatagarbha as an ultimate unconditional reality that is simultaneously the inherent dynamic process towards its complete manifestation mundane and enlightened reality are seen as complementary the sness tadada defiled as the tathagatagarbha and the snis undefiled his enlightenment in the rinnegan of iboga the tathagatagarbha is seen as having 3 specific characteristics one dharmakaya to suchness and 3 disposition as well as the general characteristic for non conceptuality according to the writ negative iboga all sentient beings have the embryo of the tathagata in 3 senses the tathagata is dharmakaya permeates all sentient beings the tathagata is ta da da is omnipresent a vib beta the tathagata is species kotra a synonym for tathagatagarbha occurs in them the rinnegan of iboga equates enlightenment with the nirvana realm in the dharmakaya it gives a variety of synonyms for garba the most frequently used being go try and dante this text also explains the tathagatagarbha in terms of luminous mind the luminous nature of the mind is unchanging just like space topic madhyamaka school indian madhyamaka philosophers interpreted the theory as a description of emptiness and as a non implicated negation bhava cos tarka jwala states the expression possessing the tathagata heart is used because emptiness signlessness wishlist nests and so on exist in the mind streams of all sentient beings however it is not something like a permanent and all pervasive person that is the inner agent for we find passages such as all phenomena have the nature of emptiness signlessness and wishlist ness what is emptiness signlessness and wishlist miss as the tathagata kendrick rudy is medomak avatar basia states one should know that since the alaia consciousness follows the nature of all entities it is nothing but emptiness that is taught through the term alaia consciousness go lotsawa states that this statement is referencing the tathagatagarbha doctrine kendrick rudy is medomak avatar basia also argues basing itself on the lang covet arra sutra that the statement of the emptiness of sentient beings being a buddha adorned with all major and minor marks as of expedient meaning kamala sheila is c 742 795 madhyamaka luca associates tathagatagarbha with luminosity and luminosity with emptiness this statement all sentient beings possess the tathagata heart teaches that all are suitable to attain the state of unsurpassable completely perfect awakening since it is held that the term tathagata expresses that the dharma da which is characterized by personal and phenomenal identity lessness is natural luminosity uniquely among madhyamaka texts some texts attributed to nagarjuna mainly poetic works like the dharma da stava chitta warszawa and bodhicitta viviana associate the term tathagatagarbha with the luminous nature of the mine topic yogacara scholars according to brun holzle all early indian yogacara masters such as a sangha vasa bon dieu stroma tea and as vibhava if they refer to the term tathagatagarbha at all always explain it as nothing but suchness in the sense of twofold identity lessness some later yogacara scholars spoke of the tathagatagarbha in more positive terms such as jane jana sumitra who in his sakura city equates it with the appearances of lucidity pricasso rupa likewise brun holzle notes that ratnakara santi generally describes the tathagata heart as being equivalent to naturally luminous mind none till self awareness and the perfect nature which he considers to be an implicated negation and not a non implicated negation topic alaya vigi onna the yogacara concept of the alya vagina store consciousness also came to be associated by some scholars with the tathagatagarbha this can be seen in sutras like the lang covet ara thus ramallah davian in the translations of para martha the concept of the alya vigi ana originally meant defiled consciousness defiled by the workings of the 5 senses in the mind it was also seen as the mule of a gianna the base consciousness or stream of consciousness from which awareness and perception spring to account for the notion of buddha nature in all beings with the yogacara belief in the 5 categories of beings yogacara scholars in china such as su n cn 632 to 682 the 1st patriarch in china advocated 2 types of nature the latent nature found in all beings li fushing in the buddha nature in practice sheng food the latter nature was determined by the innate seeds in the alaia topic try kya doctrine around 300 seee the yogacara school systematized the prevalent ideas on the nature of the buddha in the trachea or 3 body doctrine according to this doctrine buddhahood has 3 aspects the nirmanakaya or transformation body the earthly manifestation of the buddha the sambhogakaya or enjoyment body a subtle body by which the buddha appears to bodhisattvas to teach them the dharmakaya or dharma body the ultimate nature of the buddha and the ultimate nature of reality they may be described as follows the 1st is that knowledge body jnana kaya the inner nature shared by all buddhas their buddha mass buddha the 2nd aspect of the dharma body is the self existent body swab avika kaya this is the ultimate nature of reality the sness emptiness the non nature which is the very nature of dharmas their dharma nests dharma de it is the tathagatagarbha and bodhicitta hidden within beings and the transformed storehouse consciousness topic in chinese buddhism the tathagatagarbha idea was extremely influential in the development of east asian buddhism when buddhism was introduced to china in the 1st century ce ii buddhism was understood through comparisons of its teachings to chinese terms and ways of thinking chinese buddhist thinkers like ji min do jadynn and we un d 433 interpreted buddhist concepts in terms of the chinese neo taoist philosophy called dark learning shuang zu this tendency was only later countered by the work of chinese madhyamaka scholar translators like kumara jeeva the buddha nature idea was introduced into china with the translation of the mahaparinirvana sutra in the early 5th century in this text became the central source of buddha nature doctrine in chinese buddhism based on their understanding of the mahayana mahaparinirvana sutra some chinese buddhist supposed that the teaching of the buddha nature was as stated by that sutra the final buddhist teaching and that there is an essential truth above sanada and the 2 truths this idea was interpreted as being similar to the ideas of dao in principle lee in chinese philosophy topic the awakening of faith the awakening of faith was very influential in the development of chinese buddhism said to have been translated by para martha 499 to 569 while the text is traditionally attributed to as vasa no sanskrit version of the text is extant the earliest known versions are written in chinese and contemporary scholars believe that the text is a chinese composition the awakening of faith in the mahayana offers a synthesis of chinese buddhist thinking it sees the buddha nature doctrine as a cosmological theory in contrast to the indo tibetan tradition where the soteriological aspect is emphasized it described the one mind which includes in itself all states of being of the phenomenal and transcendental world it tried to harmonize the ideas of the tathagatagarbha and a lyova gianna in the words of the awakening of faith which summarizes the essentials of mahayana self in world mind and suchness are integrally one everything is a carrier of that a priori enlightenment all incipient enlightenment is predicated on it the mystery of existence is then not how may we overcome alienation the challenge is rather why do we think we are lost in the 1st place in the awakening of faith that one mind has 2 aspects namely ta da da suchness the things as they are and samsara the cycle of birth and death this text was in line with an essay by emperor wu of the liang dynasty reign 502 to 549 c ii in which he postulated a pure essence the enlightened mind trapped in darkness which is ignorant by this ignorance the pure mind is trapped in samsara this resembles the tathagatagarbha and the idea of the defilement of the luminous mind in a commentary on this essay shen yue stated that insight into this true essence is awakened by stopping the thoughts a point of view which is also being found in the platform sutra of waning the joining together of these different ideas supported the notion of the a keanu the one vehicle absolute oneness all pervading buddha wisdom and original enlightenment as a holistic whole this synthesis was a reflection of the unity which was attained in china with the united song dynasty topic in chinese yogacara and madhyamaka by the 6th century seee buddha nature had been well established in chinese buddhism and a wide variety of theories developed to explain it one influential figure who wrote about buddha nature was ching ying wei yuan 523 to 590 to see a chinese yoga karen who argued for a kind of idealism which held that all dharma is without exception originated and are formed from the true mind and other than the true mind there exists absolutely nothing which can give rise to false thoughts changing wei yuan he equated this true mind with the alaia vidya the tathagatagarbha and buddha nature foxing and held that it was in essence a true consciousness and a metaphysical principle that ensured that all sentient beings will reach enlightenment according to ming wood luo wei you ens interpretation of the buddha nature doctrine represents the culmination of a long process of transformation of the buddha nature from a basically practical to an ontological concept the chinese yogacara school was also split on the relationship between the tathagatagarbha and a lyova gianna fa shang 495 to 580 representing the southern yogacara asserted that they were separate that the alaia was illusory and impure while buddha nature was the ultimate source of all phenomenal reality in the northern school meanwhile it was held that the alya and buddha nature were the same pure support for all phenomena in the 6th and 7th centuries the yogacara theory became associated with a substantial istanbul metaphysics which saw buddha nature as an eternal istic ground this idea was promoted by figures like fizz aang and rotten amati in contrast with the chinese yogacara view the chinese madhyamaka scholar jizeen 549 2 623 c ii sought to remove all ontological connotations of the term as a metaphysical reality and saw buddha nature as being synonymous with terms like tabata dharma to akiane wisdom ultimate reality quote quote middle way and also the wisdom that contemplates dependent origination in formulating his view was influenced by the earlier chinese madhyamaka thinker sang cha 384 to 414 c ii who was a key figure in outlining an understanding of emptiness which was based on the indian sources and not on taoist concepts which previous chinese buddhists had used used the compound middle way buddha nature joong dal foxing zhong dafu shang to refer to his view was also one of the 1st chinese philosophers to famously argue that plants and in sentient objects of buddha nature which he also termed true reality and universal principle dao in the 20th century the influential chinese master yin chun drew on chinese madhyamaka to argue against any yogacara influenced view that buddha nature was an underlying permanent ground of reality and instead supported the view that buddha nature teachings are just an expedient means yin shun drawing on his study of indian madhyamaka promoted the emptiness of all things as the ultimate buddhist truth and argued that the buddha nature teaching was a provisional teaching taught in order to ease the fear of some buddhists regarding emptiness as well as to attract those people who have an affinity to the idea of a self or brahman later after taking up the buddhist path they would be introduced to the truth of emptiness topic in tnt in the tian tai school the primary figure as the scholar zi according to paul l swanson none of z is works discuss buddha nature explicitly at length however yet it is still an important concept in his philosophy which is seen as synonymous with the akiane principle outlined in the lotus sutra swanson argues that for zi buddha nature as an active threefold process which involves the way reality is the wisdom to see reality as it is and the practice required to attain this wisdom buddha nature is threefold the 3 aspects of reality wisdom and practice are interdependent one aspect does not make any sense without the others buddha nature for z therefore has 3 aspects which he bases on passages from the lotus sutra and the nirvana sutra the direct cause of attaining buddhahood the innate potential in all sentient beings to become buddhist which is the aspect of true nature the way things are the complete cause of attaining buddhahood which is the aspect of wisdom that illuminates the true nature and the goal of practice the conditional causes of attaining buddhahood which is the aspect of the practices and activities that lead to buddhahood the later t amp t scholar genre expand the tnt view of buddha nature which he saw is synonymous with such nassif or the idea that in sentient rocks and plants also have buddha nature topic in chan buddhism in chan buddhism buddha nature tends to be seen as the non substantial essential nature of all beings but the zen tradition also emphasizes that buddha nature is sunyata the absence of an independent and substantial self chan masters from waning in 7th century china to haku and ikkaku in 18th century japan to xiu yin in 20th century china have all taught that the process of awakening begins with the light of the mind turning around within the 8th consciousness so that the alive anjana also known as the tathagatagarbha is transformed into the bright mirror wisdom the lanco vitara sutra presents the chan zen buddhist view of the tathagatagarbha the buddha said now mohammed ii what is perfect knowledge it is realized when one casts aside the discriminating notions of form named reality and character it is the inner realization by noble wisdom this perfect knowledge maha mati is the essence of the tathagatagarbha when this active transformation is complete the other 7 consciousnesses are also transformed the 7th consciousness of delusive discrimination becomes transformed into the equality wisdom the 6th consciousness of thinking sense becomes transformed into that profound observing wisdom and the 1st 2 5 consciousnesses of the 5 sensory senses become transformed into the all performing wisdom the chan master mizue dao y i 709 to 713 of buddha nature famously stating that it was nothing less than ordinary mind and that all beings were already enlightened from the start the influential chan patriarch guifang zhang my 782 841 interpreted buddha nature as empty tranquil awareness kang chi chi which he took from the jose school of chan following thus ramallah sutra he interpreted the theory of emptiness as presented in the progeny parameter sutras as provisional and saw buddha nature as the definitive teaching of buddhism according to hang ching she the teaching of the universal buddha nature does not intend to assert the existence of substantial entity like self endowed with excellent features of a buddha rather buddha nature simply represents the potentiality to be realized in the future singen 48 patriarch of the linji school equates the buddha nature with the dharmakaya in line with pronouncements in keita the gada garba sutras he defines these 2 as the inherent nature that exists in all beings in mahayana buddhism enlightenment as a process of uncovering this inherent nature the buddha nature is identical with transcendental reality the unity of the buddha with everything that exists topic korean buddhism in the korean vajra samadhi sutra 685 seee the tathagatagarbha is presented as being possessed of 2 elements one essential immutable changeless and still the other active and salvation el this dharma of the one mind which is the original tathagatagarbha is said to be calm and motionless the vajrasana ds analysis of tathagatagarbha also recalls a distinction the awakening of faith makes between the calm unchanging essence of the mind and it is active adaptable function the tathagatagarbha is equated with the original edge of reality buddha cote that is beyond all distinctions the equivalent of original enlightenment or the essence but tathagatagarbha is also the active functioning of that original enlightenment the inspirational power of that fundamental faculty the tathagatagarbha is thus both the original edge of reality that is beyond cultivation equals essence as well as the specific types of wisdom and mystical talents that are the byproducts of enlightenment equals function equals topic japanese buddhism equals topic nichiren buddhism nichiren 1222 to 1282 was a buddhist monk who taught devotion to the lotus sutra as the exclusive means to attain enlightenment and the chanting of namu myoho renge kyo is the essential practice of the teaching nichiren buddhism includes various schools with diverging interpretations of nichiren is teachings nichiren buddhism views the buddha nature as the inner potential for attaining buddhahood common to all people based on the lotus sutra nichiren maintained that all living being possessed the buddha nature being the inherent potential to attain buddhahood the buddha nature refers to the potential for attaining buddhahood a state of awakening filled with compassion and wisdom the emphasis in nichiren buddhism is on revealing the buddha nature or attaining buddhahood in this lifetime through chanting the name of the dharma of the lotus sutra t the buddha nature within us has summoned forth and manifested by our chanting of nam myoho renge kyo the potential for buddhahood exists in the whole spectrum of the 10 worlds of life and this means that all people including evildoers of buddha nature which remains as a dormant possibility or a theoretical potential in the field of emptiness or non substantiality until it is materialized in reality through buddhist practice in his letter opening the eyes of wooden and painted images nichiren explains that in sentient matter such as trees mandalas images statues also possess the buddha nature because they serve as objects of worship this view regards the buddha nature as the original nature of all manifestations of life sentient and in sentient through their interconnectedness this concept of the enlightenment of plants in turn derives from the doctrine of 3000 realms in a single moment of life which teaches that all life in sentient insentient possesses the buddha nature topic zen buddhism the founder of the soto school of zen buddhism duggan is ng held that buddha nature basho fusheng was simply the true nature of reality and being this true nature was just impermanence becoming and vast emptiness because he saw the whole universe as an expression of buddha nature he held that even grass and trees are buddha nature therefore the very impertinent tree thicket and forest as the buddha nature the very impermanence e of men and things body and mind is the buddha nature nature and lands mountains and rivers are impermanent because they are the buddha nature supreme and complete enlightenment because it is impermanent is the buddha nature the founder of san bochy odin lineage of zen buddhism yasutani hakuna roshi also defined buddha nature in terms of the emptiness and impermanence of all dharma is everything by its very nature is subject to the process of infinite transformation this is its buddha or dharma nature what is the substance of this buddha or dharma nature in buddhism it is called qu shunyata now qu is not mere emptiness it is that which is living dynamic devoid of mass unfixed beyond individuality or personality the matrix of all phenomena a famous reference to buddha nature in the zen tradition as the mu a monk asked jo jo cong jen a chinese zen master known as joshua in japanese has a dog buddha nature or not jo jo answered it does not would chinese mu in japanese topic shin buddhism the founder of the jodo shinshu of pure land buddhism shinran equated buddha nature with shinjin topic tibetan buddhism in tibetan buddhist scholastics there are 2 main camps of interpreting buddha nature there are those who argue that tathagatagarbha is just emptiness described either as dharma due to the nature of phenomena or a non implicated negation and there are those who see it as the union of the minds emptiness and luminosity which includes the buddha qualities the gelug school of tibetan buddhism favors what is called the rank tong interpretation of priests and iike madhyamaka philosophy they thus interpret buddha nature as an expedient term for the emptiness of inherent existence other schools especially the joning in kagyu have tended to accept the shenton other empty madhyamaka philosophy which discerns an absolute which is empty of adventitious defilements which are intrinsically other than it but is not empty of its own inherent existence these interpretations of the tathagatagarbha teachings has been a matter of intensive debates in tibet topic gelug an early tibetan translator ngoc lotsawa 1052 1109 argues in his commentary to the uttara tantra that buddha nature is a non implicative negation which is to say that it is emptiness as a total negation of inherent existence slava that does not imply that anything is left unneeded in terms of its svabhava another early figure chobot chokki sanj also argued that buddha nature was a non implicated negation the kadampa tradition generally followed not lotsawa by holding that buddha nature was a non implicated negation the gelug school which sees itself as a continuation of the kadampa s also hold this view while also holding as csaba did that buddha nature teachings are of expedient meaning head rubs age a leg ball song 1385 to 14381 of the main disciples of tsong khapa defined the tathagatagarbha thus it is the emptiness of minds being empty of being really established that is called the naturally pure true nature of the mind the naturally pure true nature of the mind in its phase of not being free from adventitious stains as called sugata heart or naturally abiding disposition run holzle states that the view of gau shabd dharma rinchen 1364 to 1432 is that the tathagata heart is the state of a being and whom minds emptiness is obscured while buddhas by definition do not possess this tathagata heart the 14th dalai lama sees the buddha nature as the original clear light of mind but points out that it ultimately does not exist independently because like all other phenomena it is of the nature of emptiness once one pronounces the words emptiness and absolute one has the impression of speaking of the same thing in fact of the absolute if emptiness must be explained through the use of just one of these 2 terms there will be confusion i must say this otherwise you might think that the innate original clear light is absolute truth really exists topic satya sakya pandita 1182 to 1251 sees the buddha nature as the dharma to free from all reference points and states that the teaching that buddha nature exists in all beings as of expedient meaning and that its basis is emptiness citing kendrick rudy is medomak avatar basia the sake of scholar rondon meanwhile argued that buddha nature is such nice boys stains or emptiness of the mind with stains sake 0 scholar boot and wrench and rub 1292 1364 like the gelugpa s held that the buddha nature teachings were of expedient meaning and that that the naturally abiding disposition is nothing but emptiness however unlike them his view was that the basis for these teachings is the alaia vidya and also that buddha nature is the dharmakaya of the buddha but never exists in the great mass of sentient beings according to brun holzle in the works of the influential satya scholar garamba sonam senge 1429 to 1489 buddha nature s non dual unity of minds lucidity and emptiness or awareness and emptiness free from all reference points it is not mere emptiness because sheer emptiness cannot be the basis of both samsara and nirvana however it is not mere lucidity either because this lucidity is a conditioned entity and the tathagata heart is unconditioned satya choked and meanwhile argues that the ultimate buddha nature has minds natural luminosity free from all extremes of reference points which is the sphere of personally experienced wisdom and an implicated negation topic joning the joning school whose foremost historical figure was the tibetan scholar mung dal po beshear abbe galton 1292 to 1361 sees the buddha nature as the very ground of the buddha himself as the permanent indwelling of the buddha in the basal state according to brun holzle dal papa basing himself uncertainty the gada garba sutras argued that the buddha nature is ultimately really established everlasting eternal permanent immutable thursday and being beyond dependent origination this is the foundation of what is called the shenton view moreover the buddhist tantric scripture entitled chanting the names of manya sri manya serena ma sangeeta repeatedly exalts as portrayed by dal papa not the non self but the self and applies the following terms to this ultimate reality the buddhist self the beginningless self the solid self the diamond self these terms are applied in a manner which reflects the katha fatik approach to buddhism typical of much of dull papa is writings doctor cyrus stearns writes that dull papa is attitude to the 3rd turning of the wheel doctrines ie the buddha nature teachings is that they are the final definitive statements on the nature of ultimate reality the primordial ground or substrate and beyond the chain of dependent origination and which is only empty of other relative phenomena topic nygma in the ning the school doctrines on buddha nature are generally marked by the tendency to align the idea with zou chin views as well as with press on jika madhyamaka beginning with the work of wrongs am 1042 to 11 36 and continuing into the work of longchenpa 1308 to 1364 and me from 1846 to 1912 me from rinpoche the most authoritative figure in modern nigma adopted a view of buddha nature as the unity of appearance and emptiness relating it to the descriptions of the ground in zou chen as outlined by longchenpa this ground is said to be primordial ii pure kadai and spontaneously present e en grub germano rights that sochan represents the most sophisticated interpretation of the so called buddha nature tradition within the context of indo tibetan thought the 19th 20th century english scholar chechen galt sap durham pema namgyal sees the buddha nature as ultimate truth nirvana which is constituted of profundity primordial peace and radiance buddha nature is immaculate it is profound serene unfair cated suchness and uncompounded expanse of luminosity non arising unceasing primordial peace spontaneously present nirvana tulku or jian rinpoche sees an identity between the buddha nature dharma dato essence of all phenomena and the noumenon and the 3 varis saying dharma donto is adorned with dharmakaya which is endowed with dharma to wisdom this is a brief but very profound statement because dharma da 2 also refers to sugata garba or buddha nature buddha nature is all encompassing this buddha nature is present just as the shining sun is present in the sky it is indivisible from the 3 vadra x ie the buddha is body speech and mind of the awakened state which do not perish or change the mingling meditation masters kenshin paulding shi rabun khenpo so wang daniel emphasized that the essential nature of the mind the buddha nature is not a blankness but is characterized by wonderful qualities and a non conceptual perfection that is already present and complete it is just obscured and we fail to recognize it speaking in the context of nima zou chen ponlop expresses the view that there exists within vajrayana buddhism the doctrine that we are already buddha in the vajrayana we are buddha right now in this very moment and that it is legitimate to have bhadra pride in our buddha mind and the already present qualities of enlightenment with which it is replete vajra pride refers to our pride and confidence in the absolute nature of our mind as buddha primordial ii originally pure awake and full of the qualities of enlightenment topic kagyu according to brun holzle virtually all kagyu masters hold the teaching on buddha nature to be a definitive meaning and denied that the tathagata heart has just sheer emptiness or a non implicative negation though the kagyu approach has certain similarities with dole tapas view it is generally less absolute than the ladders and shows several significant differences such as not claiming that the buddha qualities exist in their full blown form even in confused sentient beings and not making such an absolute distinction between the 2 realities as dal po pod as the exception as jamgon control load wrote a who largely follows taran atta and dal papa but at times blends their positions with the 3rd karma is view in kagyu the view of the 3rd karmapa is generally seen as the most authoritative this is the view that buddha nature us minds luminous ultimate nature or non dual wisdom which is the basis of everything in samsara and nirvana rangu rinpoche sees the buddha nature as the indivisible oneness of wisdom and emptiness the union of wisdom and emptiness is the essence of buddhahood or what is called buddha nature skt tagada garba because it contains the very seed the potential of buddhahood it resides in each and every being and because of this essential nature this heart nature there is the possibility of reaching buddhahood topic the remai movement the rim a movement as an ecumenical movement in tibet which started as an attempt to reconcile the various tibetan schools in the 19th century in contrast to the galya gpa which adheres to the rank strong self empty or person geek a point of view the rim a movement supports shen tong g is on tong other empty an essential nature which is pure radiant non dual consciousness jamgon control says about the 2 systems madhyamika philosophies have no differences in realizing as shunyata all phenomena that we experience on a relative level they have no differences also in reaching the meditative state where all extremes ideas completely dissolve their difference lies in the words they used to describe the dharma de shen tong describes the dharma de the mind of buddha is ultimately real while ranked on philosophers feared that if it is described that way people might understand it as the concept of soul or atma the shen tong philosopher believes that there is a more serious possibility of misunderstanding in describing the enlightened state as unreal and void control finds the ranked hong way of presentation the best to dissolve concepts in the shenton way the best to describe the experience topic modern scholarship modern scholarship points to the various possible interpretations of buddha nature as either an essential self as sanada or is the inherent possibility of awakening topic essential self shen pen hook em oxford buddhist scholar and tibetan lama of the shen tong tradition writes of the buddha nature or true self as something real and permanent and already present within the being is uncompounded enlightenment she calls it the buddha within and comments in scriptural terms there can be no real objection to referring to buddha buddhist nana buddha awareness buddha knowledge nirvana and so forth as the true self unless the concept of buddha and so forth being propounded can be shown to be impermanent suffering compounded or imperfect in some way in shen tong terms the non self is about what is not the case and the self of the 3rd dharma chakra ie the buddha nature doctrine is about what truly s buddhist scholar and chronicler mer fowler writes that the buddha nature really is present as an essence within each being fowler commons the teaching that buddha nature is the hidden essence within all sentient beings as the main message of the tathagatagarbha literature the earliest of which is the tathagatagarbha sutra this short sutra says that all living beings are in essence identical to the buddha regardless of their defilements or there continuing transmigration from life to life as in the earlier traditions there is present the idea that enlightenment or nirvana is not something which has to be achieved it is something which is already there in a way it means that everyone is really a buddha now topic sunyata according to hank qianxi the tathagatagarbha buddha nature does not represent a substantial self admin rather it is a positive language expression of emptiness sunyata which emphasizes the potentiality to realize buddhahood through buddhist practices the intention of the teaching of tathagatagarbha buddha nature is soteriological rather than theoretical paul williams puts forward the madhyamaka interpretation of the buddha nature as emptiness in the following terms if one is a madhyamika then that which enables sentient beings to become buddha is must be the very factor that enables the minds of sentient beings to change into the minds of buddhist that which enables things to change is their simple absence of inherent existence their emptiness thus the tathagatagarbha becomes emptiness itself but specifically emptiness when applied to the mental continuum topic critical buddhist interpretation several contemporary japanese buddhist scholars headed under the label critical buddhism to han vecchio pipe fojo have been critical of buddha nature thought according to matsumoto shiro and haku maia noriaki of kumazawa university essentialist conceptions of buddha nature are at odds with the fundamental buddhist doctrine of dependent origination and non self anatman the buddha nature doctrines which they label as dot avada substantial ism sometimes rendered locus theory or topical ism and generative monism is not buddhism at all as defined by matsumoto this locus theory or dot avada which he rejects as unbootable ayka sama existent locus dot 0 or basis as the cause that produces the manifold phenomena or super low sai dharma matsumoto further argues that tathagatagarbha thought was a buddhist version of hindu monism formed by the influence of hinduism gradually introduced into buddhism especially after the rise of mahayana buddhism other japanese scholars responded to this view leading to a lively debate in japan takasaki g kido a well known authority on tathagatagarbha thought accepted that buddha nature theories are similar to panasonic theories and that da 2 vada is an accurate expression of the structure of these doctrines but argues that the buddha nature texts are aware of this and that buddha nature is not necessarily unbootable likewise hirokawa akira sees buddha nature as the potential to attain buddhahood which not static but ever changing and argues that dato does not necessarily mean sub stratum he points to some agamas which identified da 2 with pratityasamutpada western scholars have reacted in different ways to this idea sally b king objects to their view seeing the buddha nature as a metaphor for the potential in all beings to attain buddhahood rather than as an ontological reality robert h sharp notes that the worries of the critical buddhists is nothing new for the early tathagatagarbha scriptures betray a similar anxiety as they tacitly acknowledge that the doctrine is close to if not identical with the heretical atma vada teachings of the non buddhists he also notes how the nirvana sutra tacitly concedes the on buddhist roots of the tathagatagarbha idea scharf also has pointed out how certain southern qian masters were concerned with other interpretations of buddha nature showing how the tendency to critique certain views of buddha nature is not new in east asian buddhism peter and gregory has also argued that at least some east asian interpretations of buddha nature are equivalent to what critical buddhists called da to vada especially the work of some me who emphasizes the underlying ontological ground on which all phenomenal appearances sang are based which he variously refers to as the nature saying the one mind eyes sheen according to dan lust house certain chinese buddhist ideologies which became dominant in the 8th century promoted the idea of an underlying metaphysical substratum or underlying invariant universal metaphysical source and thus do seem to be a kind of dottie vada according to lust house in early tang china 7th 8th century there was a deliberate attempt to divorce chinese buddhism from developments in india lest house notes that the wyan thinker fa sang was influential in this theological trend who promoted the idea that true buddhism was about comprehending the one mind that alone is the ground of reality weixin paul williams too has criticized this view saying that critical buddhism is too narrow in its definition of what constitutes buddhism according to williams we should abandon any simplistic identification of buddhism with a straightforward not self definition topic multiple meanings you sudden degrees with williams critique on the narrowness of any single interpretation in discussing the inadequacies of modern scholarship on buddha nature sudden states one is impressed by the fact that these authors as a rule tend to opt for a single meaning disregarding all other possible meanings which are embraced in turn by other texts he goes on to point out that the term tathagatagarbha has up to 6 possible connotations of these he says the 3 most important are an underlying ontological reality or essential nature tathagata tadada via tariqa which is functionally equivalent to a self atman in a new panasonic sense the dharmakaya which penetrates all beings sarvis sattva su dharmakaya paris farina which is functionally equivalent to brahman in a new panasonic sense the womb or matrix of buddhahood existing in all beings tathagata gotras sambhav a which provides beings with the possibility of awakening of these 3 sudden claims that only the 3rd connotation has any soteriological significance while the other 2 posit buddha nature as an ontological reality and essential nature behind all phenomena topic see also equals equals notes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCGrQN_sF6A

just briefly for people who came in late the slides are actually balding calm / comment / publications and actually if you bug me and you came in really late you want the whole thing I have audio recordings I would do audio recordings so it's take if you take me a while to get it then and I'm actually I accept my own YouTube channel because I do these lectures quite regularly in a lot this one is new but you can actually hear the last year's lecture I gave and stuff like that so a lot of us up you'll hear you kind of go oh yeah as you said that with in a different way yeah I know I never give the same lecture twice okay so we've covered kind of two-fifths because skip over it and Jeremy have to give you more time to cover in this class and the other class might aggregate does anyone have any like show-stopping questions that we want to cover right now before I yeah so this is when we do the advertisement for system thinking Ontario which is it's a lifetime pursuit I didn't start in systems so I started in 1998 and the reason I started was I have an assignment at the Advanced Business Institute which IBM an executive education facility these--we education for free and Steve Hakala wrote this book called a - better prize and I studied at that point like business for eight years like I have undergrad and commerce I have an MBA from Kellogg School it's two years the people you can see if Steve Technol is saying all these unreasonable sorts of things and he finally said go read some Russakoff why do the Breitner book and then what after when I started work writing books it actually a very good foundation because I'd say Steve this way of writing in the book but ruff said is this and how does that compare and so one of the observers to this actually says that they believe that Steve would never have written the book except for the arguments we should get into because at one point Steve said I told you to read rough takeoff not become rustic huh rough a cough and and you guys had a reading from John sheet character doggie who is working directly with him a coffee is really valuable he is the most published author in system thinking and he is really great because he is clear he is super super clear after you've got the clarity then you can figure out why he's wrong and so you end up with a sort of thing so that's why it's even dipping into a cup and then out of a coffin into a coffin out of a coffin because of that clarity and so people that actually understand take off well great systems thinkers he he had the program in return Pennsylvania and I meet these people and like brilliant but passing that on and trying to move beyond that when I was president of the International Society for system sciences my agenda was that most the system thinking that you see is actually kind of 1980s era and that's where it's frozen but systems scientists had moved past that and it's gone to continue to all sort of work if people aren't recognizing that so the difference between me and a lot of other people assist the community is I'm back to current with the research I'm trying to push particular things forward so yeah you'll get to it just if that's for this way try to keep the third Wednesday of the month after you graduate from this program come back this is the thickening Ontario because we have these discussions and everyone they're still trying to figure stuff out like a sore thumb yeah and those comes first in your perspective just okay so function is well so they all kind of exist it's not it's not a proceeding sort of thing the the issue with function so so if you're doing stuff like system dynamics so you've already careful the language so the International Society for the system sciences when I took it to in Cosi which is the systems engineering community they're they're making jokes because firstly you say systems which is know it's plural not singular and then you say Sciences and engineers don't like that it's like how could you work on multiple Sciences so systems dynamics system dynamics is within a system and it focuses on structure a process they focus less on profs on on function because they don't look at the containing whole the containing whole generally means that you're in what's called hierarchy theory and that's really what Timothy Allen actually does which he's a leader in hierarchy theory which says you know looking at the water versus hydrogen and oxygen sort of stuff if you had to do that on two-dimensional graph graph and draw it then it's like well you can draw the function actually doesn't happen on a flat surface like that it's actually multi-dimensional so they all happen and and so another thing that that's been a bit of debate particularly with systems engineers they go our systems real and the answer systems are not real systems are human beings way of dealing with the complexity in the world that's the way we represent things and so systems are never real all these constructs about function structure they're think that we make up try to understand the real world and discuss with each other the one of the first things that happened when you get the system's thinking is you have to make sure you're both discussing the same system and then we expecting the same system and you draw a boundary around it is the boundary in both time and space and then when active draw on the system what is the environment around that because we don't think about the environment is bounded but when you talk about it the environment can't be everything right so in the Tavistock work that what's called a field the field is in effect the relevant environment you're talking about it so you have the system and in the field which is relevant environment so I didn't ask your question yes so so in mechanical system structure equals function in biological systems that's not the case so let's teach you covered old cabbage so we're talking aparts holes and their relations the parts are actually systems so in your body do you have your respiratory system and your digestive system the operate in parallel but deciding which one is a part of what it's kind of like well the digestive system and the respiratory system are not independent because your digestive system probably takes gases into account so it's like so the parts are actually systems they're not just mechanistic you know carburetor type parts and and that's that's challenge of getting over it and and and if you start working on system thinking it's never clear it's the sort of thing you're just gonna go oh you know that you're on a streetcar you're going you're thinking you're like oh that's a system and okay I get it now this stuff just takes a while there's no fast way of doing okay let me proceed I had talked about unfreeze change and freeze which gets me into the trumpet innovation series compared to innovation learning theory stuff that's the book I'm going to talk about a history of social psychological technical technological systems that come from cattle talk that would leave the causal textbook theory pacing layers of change and then my process change matrix which people find out to be quite practical okay of you how many of you have organizational change they were heard of unfreeze change freeze okay so maybe for deep perspective so if you're doing we're gonna kick tail change this is kind of the foundational idea and it comes from Kurt it's read do with the be unfreeze change and refreeze is how we change the system is that you go through this period and you come and you unfreeze the system and it's like going to army boot camp well how do you create a new arm well first thing to take all these people and you break them down to boot camp so they're all equal which is the unfreezing part and then you give them new behavior which is changing it and then new Freeza and you reinforce them do you know how an army that operate the same way that's the way the army works well if you actually look at the history of this this act is something new it does think of this lecture it's like well this change has three steps as they call it unfreeze change that refreeze was not something that actually Lewin Levine actually wrote himself he actually wrote the unfreeze part and then it turns out that over the 50 1950s 1960s they get with the change these parts but when you're looking at this sort of idea this is based off more ideas of structure than process although it's a kind of structure process when thinking about looking at from the perspective of the day you could talk about it like ecologists do when you're trying to do regime shifts so multiple stable states they're trying to move from one stable state to another stable state and the way you would do that is you have a stable state you have this trance and you try to push them in a new stable state can you do that will it stick how people read innovators dilemma plate the Christensen okay so innovators dilemma of the original research when Christensen was doing his ph.d he didn't research into three-and-a-half-inch describes a fire according to drive tries essentially manufacturers had this issue which was as pc technology was coming out they were building five and a quarter inch drives hard drives and the more you build them the better they get the price goes down the quality goes up the capacity goes up but there came this thing called laptop and you can move either used old technology that was a five into quarter inch drive or three and a half inch drives smaller drives that fit in laptops and so they end up with what they call the innovative dilemma you can either satisfy the old marketplace the old people that were buying all the five quarter inch drives and they're reliable you make them happier as a matter of fact people serving those customers it's kind of like I want exactly what I've got is gonna work faster and I want more capacity the other way of looking at it would be make the shift into a new unproven market three and a half inch drives there are no standards they break down more for they're unreliable and then less capacity so why would you do that and so you end up with innovative dilemma and it's actually a reworking of Jupiter's creative instruction idea where you start off with what's called sustain technologies in product orbits but then the question should you have to definitely different curve so before I fell it for the benefit of a Vinayak I know each other wearing through IBM people with IBM are going through this process right now and you have to have been through one before because when I joined IBM I was there before Lou Gerstner took over and so I was there with the company actually could have gone bankrupt and so when you have to go through a change like this is this a sort of change you want to look at where you making a shift and you're doing the unfreeze change and refreeze or is it something different now 2006 work with IBM 2006 for you okay so this is the mantra that we learned and it's actually pretty good so what's what's going on the innovation and the nature of innovation has changed and they said it'll nation is now open collaborative multi-disc learning global which is really great to say and you know it's kind of as IBM are there in this manner I'd say their innovation is cage whaling innovation but it doesn't make sense to me so it's like I wrote a blog post a long time ago if that doesn't make sense well what was it before if it was not open collaborative apply this canary mobile so we have the idea Industrial Age where you have no idea private or use that private Rd so we had IBM research you have Bell Labs doesn't art concur the telecom wrong I think smart element but essentially the idea that came out of there was that you did all your research e to develop when you had a pipeline and everything was done internally we have this change towards open standards interfaces and choosing expedient platforms were for advancing design and so this is the basis of the book of open innovation learning and I take as an example now which this is a research book heavy backward-looking if you look at IBM's cloud technologies today where were all those technologies developed so number one IBM bluemix or IBM cloud that's called now was actually developed by pivotal it's open source project as interesting over two pivotal and going over there cuz typical guys are complaining you know typical is doing all the legwork on this stuff and IBM is free riding on us and it's like we wish IBM would just get premium poor people to work on the pivotal project except they forget that IBM invested the first billion dollars in Linux in 1999 and and then I think those two years ago they committed the second billion dollars and so IBM as good could make an open-source community like well you know because actually do they build the operating systems internally well they don't do that anymore to ship some strategy so the I mean you would have private research versus open research new production chains value chains that sort of way and you know into organizational contracts so when you look at economics you typical theory of the firm if something the questions why the firm's exist once you're making a marketplace and it's because of these transaction cost economics and everything works that way but the idea today is you have collaborative where your alliances co-producing and doing accelerator learning that's why github is important but everyone here has been on github or understand github ok so everyone knows minused or Bald's number one and mentioned from the store bolt was latest or bowles invented Oh all right this way I come here to history of science nothing that Linda's Torvald with a grad student at University Helsinki and invented Linux okay what was the top west it would know I guess what was Linda's Torvalds number two invention Linda's Torvalds number two invention was ditched and what is get get is a check-in/check-out just a fur coat because when you are working on a project there's two ways the old way of working on code was I'm working on code and no one else can work out a lot of works on I'm totally computer systems you guys can't touch it now you're doing there is a serial leader that's not going to do things so what minister ball does did was invent a parallel technology in an effect the way that github works is that you have sections and so Jeremy works on chapter one and I'm working on chapter nine and we write that independently and then what happens is as you're quite time to come I could say okay it's something I write impact you and we go back and we match those things up but that's what you do in this sort of environment where you're dealing collaboratively and you're dealing in an efficient way you can parallel line stuff because but you want to work on everything in a complicated structure now when you make the complexity when you want to make it a complex system you have to put it back together again but you're designing it so that you can actually go from complex to complicate it back to complex complicated and going back before playback the method before you speak and legal problem solving and you understand what that means now the new way is multi-disciplinary conversations where people are constantly at dialogue and I understand next week people are we're talking about that sort of stuff the economics used to be able to colonial trade in effect having a headquarters in one country now its global talent people live all around the world and working with information so that's how innovation has changed so if we're actually looking at innovation can we let approach it from a different way I'm going to jump to what's in my book which is actually chapter nine and talk about the work of tipping gold all has a 20-7 article 2017 article which is really change the philosophy of the way I look at systems if you want a reference are this this has changed me from being a a coffee guy to being a beast but the idea is that the way that I've already described the system to you is we're pretty traditional where people draw systems with system and then the environment around so you draw a circle with a system and around the upside get the environment the different way of looking at it which is looking tied first so what different way of drawing system would be I am on a line and my lion kind of squiggles over time do I want our work on this project and that project you can imagine what line Evans life line and then we come in and we have other people's life so Jeremy is on the line and Adam is on the line role working weight and what's the while we come together we form a knot and then we go away again and we're but what happens is that we make that connection and the knots come at different points of time and this is your way of looking at systems and what 10 min will writes about is human life lines in caustic correspondence I try to be clear and say co-respondent because it's not like me in a machine it is me interacting with someone else so I am course well I am responding to them and they're responding to be right so now we're talking about a system it's this is called an technological approach to anthropology to epistemology because it's it's north interactive it's cold responding but it's based off a theory of blood habits so have adversity coalition and he talks about walking as an example so when you are walking your legs are doing the walking so is it your legs moving you or you moving your legs it's actually both simultaneously right so how did it you design a system where you're trying to now model your leg is moving in a world are you moving your legs are you moving or you moving your legs are like living you it's both kind of got this corresponding thing happening the second is agency rather than agency and we have in situ get corresponding and the corresponding is more than interaction so in design of course lots of interaction design which was finally during the age where you didn't have artificial intelligence on the other side if you have artificial intelligence on the other side you're not correspond and thirdly attention out the ground the intentionality and the other's ideas as example of particular slight no I'm not gonna cover ok so we have the idea of learning and how people learn and so in gold focuses on as to it those two ideas about learning or knowledge management most of these learning stuff has actually been focus on whole philosophy which is about transmitting information and so I have told into my head and trying to transmit it into your head and that but another way of looking at it is and what I'm trying to do is focus attention ality and so of all system stuff that I told you you know I actually don't that I'd like to tell you much more than Jeremy's already told you but what I'm doing is I'm directing your attention so I'm giving you all the references you could read the references but you may not get the same ideas it's like interacting in class right so there's an intentionality there the distinction made between a maze and a labyrinth a maze has multiple ways in and multiple ways ever essentially is problem-solving if you go to a labyrinth you go back to the Greek stories of labyrinth there's a labyrinth is a multi-purpose Nazario a maze is a multi Kersal puzzle a labyrinth is a unicursal puzzle a labyrinth has one way in and one way out if you go over to Trinity Square they actually have a labyrinth there on the ground you can take your kids and run around it but there's one way in is one way ever so why would you be interested in the labyrinth so what's the story of the labyrinth the idea is that you would go into a labyrinth and you get lost in the labyrinth you kind of it wouldn't not you couldn't find your way out because pretty clear the way in the way out it's pretty clear but you would get so involved in it that you forget to even leave yeah labyrinth the people are trapped in the labyrinth good not paying attention so why go back to an art gallery you've been there before you've been in the art gallery you go back again it's because when you go you're paying attention to different things you come back to a painting and you say oh I know this painting you go wow I never noticed that before you know what was it that changed was that you were the painting in front of you the change something happened to you and you're looking at the painting and going oh I'm not seeing it the same way I saw like two years ago it looks different that's due intentionality so these are sort of things like trying to bake into the way that moving on system thinking I can take you back to some more stuff this goes back they say World War two but this missive tradition on most what most of the management theory in systems which developed on the Tavistock Institute in the UK it was three three perspectives on systems and they don't happen at the same time so it's so technical that so psychological there's actually a three-volume publication called the Tavistock anthology and it has all the papers and they separated to those three but they say don't get confused it's not because they were done sequentially it's just what they were working on the period of time social psychology so social psychological perspective had to do mostly with the work of getting soldiers coming back from the war so soldiers came back in the Second World War and the problem essentially was you've got these veterans now and they're with now we called PTSD right so they're traumatized and society thinks they should readapt and so the conventional way would be we need to change the way these veterans are coming back into society an alternative way of looking at it would be no we need to change society for the veterans coming back how is it we change institutions so that the psychology of the people is that are supported so it reverses the way that psychology being done at the time which says it's all about the person although the veteran you know and and we look into the veterans head we're trying to do the Petra King stop it's like no no change the environment don't change the system the second one so technical systems out during the period of coal mining and the original studies that were done and they're pretty clear that could good to read the original articles the tristan Bamford article in management science 1967 or some like that's really old but the old Journal article just be readable and they talk about the way that mining had changed because used to be that mining you go in with a pickaxe and your family and you take down walls that's how you do it and they can't believe Sheen's come log wall machines and what would happen with me that you would have this machine everyone would have a crank you turn the crank and you move the machine down that takes down in some little wall and then shovels intact and this is what mechanization started coming in but when they did that people started dying because before they had the family structures now the head that a human being is part of the machine and it serves the machine and so how do you reorganize work and so the socio technical systems movement came up with the idea of things like job rotation and the most interesting trivia to be is in 1983 Eric tryst was at York University and he published the last paper for the Ontario Ministry of Labour he published the last paper on quality of work life it's actually available to be merged into a library I would look at it because that's kind of where that that stuff kind of ended up the idea quality of work life if that work might that would follow something like this research idea was about design principles and so they had one of doing optimization which is like human beings and machines together the second production function versus the tendency of parts this speaks to your question of a 1 to 1 and 1/2 minute because if you are dealing with a engineer they do one to one but human beings have multiple functions and they can adapt so machine tips are typically designed for one function or a limited number of functions but human these will adapt to that and so a redundancy of functions does not mean a redundancy apart did that one person do multiple things as a matter of fact four people do best if people do what they only did for the third perspective social methodological perspective had to do with the rapid change that started happening in the 90s when they truck remember change in the world started happening really fast and it turns out that the that the way they were dealing with that was a lot of organizational change issues and that comes to yeah that the open systems approach so your traditional way of looking at systems again you have the system now what you can do is you can look at the planning process which is the system impacts the environment this is the outer world and the organization learns from that and so this however there are other things going on what is that inside the system you've got these internal part part relations going on so those changes happening internally plus at the same time you've got down here Parker stuff so some timing in the environment has nothing to do with the organization and all these things are changing simultaneously and so this was based awesome work a direct correlation with somewhere off I'll give you the short answer this is a very difficult paper seminal systems paper but I spent like three days working on it I'll give you this to the neck the answer there's two ways of playing soccer football one is you move to the ball the other is the ball comes to you profound so if you were dealing with a system do you go to the ball or do the ball come to you because if you are dealing with ecology it's like running doesn't help right and you could just wait the ball to come to you the patient enough now it's not coming faster than move towards but the idea is that you could or you might you might when you might not take action the cause of text are sort of social environments is one of the oldest papers are most cited and and there are four types of fields that conference the field is the environment systemic environment and the story they tell is the first night so random classic you have a surface you have animals on the surface you have food on the surface so what's the rule you eat this food everywhere you don't care that is a random class environment the food is randomly distributed everything is great no problem segment environment clustered plastic clustered Placid is animals there's an animal surface and the food is no longer everywhere it's a little clumps so what's the rule now what's the behavior it happens you move to the food when you finish that food it's gone you move to the other third the spirit reactive this is the previous one now your competition so there are multiple animals on the surface there are multiple couples of food on the surface what's the rule move for food if there's someone else already there move somewhere else there's lots of food around to see clumps but originally going to bump into someone else the fourth type of environment is turbulent you have a surface you're in an earthquake the food is they push all over the place you're getting thrown all over the place what do you do the answer is you actually need to coordinate at this point you act you have to work with the other people because it's not just about the food it's you're going to smash through each other and kill each other because the ground so when you are looking at the environment you're in one of these types of environments and when you're designing a system are you designing for that type of feeling so if we look at very slow changing so we're talking earlier about the Ontario Health System and a health and government stuff like that that's a very slow system you don't really want to be dealing with that in a turbulent environment like you really need to change that system and say look we couldn't deal with this in one of the other ways but this is the type of environment we're in not everything in the world is turbulent we make it that way one is self-induced okay this is the point at which I stopped last time but I'm going to jump on this okay I'll give you the the briefest description of my book of the findings from my book I don't know I'm not going to do that there will be a video on my website I recorded the book launch so you guys look at that okay here's homework for you on YouTube there is a series called how buildings learn watch this series do a brand who co-founder belong now network along that foundation have done this and this is the idea of pasting layers and the metaphor comes from this which is you can look at a building that the originally Stuart brand want to study organizational learning but organizational learning is nothing to really study so we studied how building Clerk and this is systems perspective because both of us consider people are in the building and people system and we learn but it's looking the other way around it's just a perspective you can look as a change in buildings of how they are so you describe as multiple layers you start off with a site which is the foundation and from here you build load-bearing walls for the structure and after the local bilberry structure you put in the skin which protects the outside of the building after that you put in the surfaces you put in the electricity put in the plumbing all that stuff inside the walls you put in a space plan to the non load-bearing walls and after that you for this stuff it's all furniture and so this is a pacing layers view of systems and how they work the reason I like this is because it it gets you to thinking about structure and process in two different ways it actually puts the process and makes it material and changing over time now let's talk about how you make changes so if you are going to have if you leave a house you can have a choice wait this way the story clothes you can store clothes in a closet or you can store it in an armoire an armoire as part of the stuff just furniture and moves around rapidly you can move it around a closet is fixed into the wall when you leave the house you cannot take the closet with you do you think an armoire with you when you were designing things you need to figure out what you want to design it in a fad a quickly changing layer or a slowly changing layer when you if you actually follow through and go to how buildings learn he talked about the Pompidou Center and in Paris where they did swatches something outrageous and what they did was they put the services outside skin which is not a good idea because all the air-conditioned ducting is outside and it's corroding the acid rain so there's a logic behind doing these things a helpful way of licking up about change this is a 1993 people kind of notice oh the mass customization framework of a dynamic Stability instability framework is that there are ideas of product change and process change and if you have a stable product so the way normal business model is to start off to the invention mode the first time you build something you have a product that's dynamic everything you invent is different and the process by which you do with this dynamic after you've an invention you come down into mass production Hall what they do mass production if you try to stabilize the product so you create the same thing over and over again and try to stabilize the processes so you can do it with quality after that within a continuous improvement mode so that in here we're kind of in the Model T every color every cars all of this black you can make incremental improvements to that which is we have a foundation or a platform and Google on top of any variation but this idea might build ships will make up into the mass customization framework which is to have the dynamic process not magnetic product and stable process the trick behind us is that people who are working in mass customization did not move to mass customization you can't do that you have to go through the ceilings which is started mass production go to continuous improvement the process transformation and then you can get the mass customization so I pretty well run out of time I think that I've run out of time shortly so I have to figure out what I'm going to jump to here let's see I think I need to just one thing on services okay we're going to jump to the end and out of all these things I'm going to do be and so I'll talk about theory the offering and talking a little adaptive change so there's been a lot of work on service systems I come in to a different lecture for that the money that I recommend is that you actually look at the work of rapper Ramirez and Richard Norman into which neighborhoods and this I give during the offering and the proposition when you get the service economy is that there's two E's approaches service economy one if you've actually done work in service science is Steve Fargo's work which is on service dominant logic and service Don the logic I talked to Steve focus asked me to do this research and he said of course he knows this researcher asks what why are you have service dominant logic he said there's two ain't approaching you thinking one needs to use all the same words and and overload them and the other one is Ukrainian vocabulary so what Richard Norman did systems thinker he created a new vocabulary from looking at systems what Steve had Cod what Steve Fargo does which turned on logic that he says I'm doing research those services and then he redefined what services means so this was a little bit clearer a sense of the idea is that we have offerings and offerings of three dimensions there is a physical component so if you look at automobile that's physical car service content which is the financing the all certain thing to get along with the car to the OnStar those sorts of things and if people content which could be the maintenance afterwards release and the way you approach this is we notice our documents the idea offering its output doing system so you have input of this input process output the offering is output gives industrial logging kind of customer value to transactions and so essentially the idea here is when you someone sounds a car when you buy the car you own the car that's it the transaction is done the value is in accurate physical hassle there's been a movement towards a service logic which is they have a relationship to the auto we love manufacturers don't actually make money on the vehicle they make money on the financing and any money on the on the maintenance after the car but that's your having a customer value to a relationship they have to have a relationship with you if you if you're doing your own maintenance doing your own oil changes that's less of a relationship if you have no idea that offering as an input the other self service module so if someone could have to be an auto fuel manufacturer give you all the parts for a car and you assemble it so that means that you're actually doing you're not you don't care about the assembled car those you want a custom bicycle is more practical or a mass customized bike what happens is that they give you all the components and you change them yourself you build them yourself the do a partnership logic which is a relationship logic that is in the long term you deal with I could be like a joint venture and so it could be a couple of research organizations come together they don't know what the outcome is going to be they come with a physical product a service product and people content altogether and that's in the output now you can mix the stuff because there's a difference between having self-service logic where you come in to do something regularly and it's your transaction so it's like going to an ATM machine going to an ATM machine is not like actually going in a partnership with someone and building something together it's going to make money longer can the difference in the thinking towards this is that traditionally we think about supply chain we think about value madam and ideally the product add things on top whereas if you come with this IKEA is usually the example they talk about when you are building something like it is a co-production and you could pay someone to assemble the IKEA furniture for you but value proposition is actually even putting things together with you so you are actually contributing to co-production ok come down to the end yes [Music] okay hold on now I have to go back to one of the slides so that's the address of rats no it's good it's good okay so Jim's four who is at that point director of prominent Services Research would ask the question by the National Science Foundation how should we change education so it's very service economy and this was his the answer was that if you look at primary school education this is the way we should we have to get knocked by science and math and stuff like that but doing this way so firstly work on systems that move store part of the process the transportation systems when they are in kindergarten your kids have to get on a bus or walk or whatever they understand traffic takes them make them understand that really secondly water waste management do you understand that water doesn't happen on the tap you know how does it go with the water cycle and the clouds and you know River is all sort of stuff food and global supply chain need understands that food doesn't have that supermarket to go to farms energy and energy grid like Christy doesn't as come over the wall if you think of a plant consulate so if I read for they can ask the question how does their whole bottle and actually work good that way I have a waffle good CD talk here and it ends up over there somewhere the second category systems that enable healthy well like people building the construction is actually a big service industry about a product industry banking and finance is obvious retail hospitality health care and education our services but great feat is when you focus on the health care system how you actually know how the whole culture system works and I like it that my great nine you're talking about education but they've been in school since kindergarten so now is that why are you there systems that govern grade 10 a government cities then you get Restatement of provinces and then federal and so the idea is to work from the concrete to the more abstract and so our education system traditionally has not been oriented towards this way of thinking about service systems the there's a differentiation between a production perspective and a service perspective and this is fundamental to a lot of the work on doing a pattern language in the research I'm doing now is we talk about buildings and Chris frolic dentists work on buildings is about getting the building as a product if we took an extent and we started talking to them in a different way a service perspective we would change the way they look at it and the way we do that is by talking about affordances so I told you about the okay firstly I need to do this sorry I may have to run over a little bit I hate to do this to a class but you guys are asking the question so order the systems movement as assistant thing I were working on it's been torch what's called technological perspective and so when I'm saying doctor I understand that called in a different way the history of this was back in the nineteen fifties sixties and you go back to behavioral psychology so behavioral psychology you have BF Skinner he rings the bell the dog salivates the way means to understand people was trying to get inside their heads Jacob Gibson was kind of the father of ecological psychology and what he looked at was how is it that we should understand a pilot trying to land a plane on an aircraft carrier you've got the ship moving as of the landing movie and you've got the pilot with this plane and both going together and how is he actually get that interaction what is the system here try to get inside the pilots head doesn't understand it doesn't help you what you trying to do now is understand the interaction between the pilot the aircraft and the carrier and to all this stuff that's a system you're interested in you're interested and so the question is asked up what's inside your head but what your head is inside that's that's a systems perspective that is the ecological systems perspective talking about the containing whole and getting that idea but what your heads inside and that's the hardest part now the way that designers actually do this and they've done it Don Norman unfortunately did it's a really bad to service on this is JJ gets a crazy idea of an affordance an affordance is whatever the environment contribute to the carny the tracks that occurs and traditionally we talk about affordances is a doorknob is an affordance a doorknob affords you the ability to open the door if you have a door you know you can pull on the door and the affordance is actually not the doorknob itself the affordance is the person perceiving that the doorknob existed it could pull on Don Norman when he was doing work at Apple start talking about real affordances without actually you had to rewrite this in psychology of everything the design of everyday things and so if you start with the map of the Mac trashcan as an example the Mac trashcan is an affordance because it allows you to delete stuff however when you get to the real Jay Jay gives a definition if a person does not recognize the trashcan is to get rid of stuff it is not an affordance so if you want to shut off you if you want to eject a disk out of a Mac and the way to do it is put in a trash can that's not an affordance that people use you can't figure that one out right in new service design will we do affordances we should we think about affordances for mobility and high ability people so currently I'm a mobility person I'm getting my Achilles tendon fixed up so there's two ways of IDing this building for me to come in what is a complex way it was a complicated way the complicated weights me together this building two entrances one entrance with a handicap and one entrance for everyone else is being embodied a complex system would be one entrance everyone comes in the safe way now there's actually no problem having a complicated approach but we tend unlike the complex approaches so stop and think about but either case there are four dances and if you think about that affordance what you would have is an entrance that affords me the ability to get into the building is going now okay I had a question about gender activity and so I'm going to close on that and I know make the differentiation with with the way you think about systems there's two ways to grow systems there's dentistry somatic and between systemic and systemic the better way of describing this and bates it is right this way so Natick system our cylinder changed so if you think about going from here to the rocky mountain going to Denver rocking out high altitude there are somatic chains have happened when the human body goes to high altitude the body will adapt eventually right don't drink the first couple of days falsely preserve them but there's also someone who is born at high altitude and they have a genetic advantage because they are born there over generations of time it'll be built into them so that's the difference between genetic change and somatic gene generally we have the distinction between Auto pointer and aliphatic I'm a factory line is a nonliving thing and as effect reducing the inputs are not the same as the outputs that's of biology this is called a logo esis which is creating something different a generative system is part of living systems and it's autopoietic autopoietic which means it can reproduce itself so human beings are autopoietic because we reproduce human beings but this gets a bit distinction between a reactive system also a co responsive system so when you have these sort of things to try and design a system you can design them one way or the other and it's not that one is right or one is wrong in particular you're looking at a Lapointe existence versus autopoietic systems it's actually more efficient to create aliphatic systems cloning the sort of stuff that technology it actually takes less energy to do cloning than it does to actually do a fully autopoietic human being so when you make any sorts of choices then then you end up with making decisions about architecting types if you're going to work on with that I think my time is up so I'm happy to take questions or hang around or whatever we should do a cough so philosophically okay hold on keeping applying this okay there's a difference in philosophy that happens and the difference is teleology versus juliana me so teleology is the study of ends its philosophy of ends and so Aristotle has four cups of coffee so I talked about goals objectives ideals you end up with trying to figure out how something causes something else so you're starting from here and kind of moving into the future tili-tili enemy is a study that happens in biology and it is about programming so as opposed to having a goal for something would you actually design a program that might actually influence something in the future so let's talk a moment about my children or asanas so there's one way of doing this would be okay I'm going to raise my children with all these goals you know so they should actually have a goal and life have purpose the other philosophy would be well I'm actually going to put I'm gonna try to program them a little bit I'm gonna you know try them as different sports and different activities and if they don't like it it's fine but it's like all for my son can actually play piano but none of them are really serious about it every once awhile it's like oh yeah you go back to offer a guide to piano lessons doesn't mean they're going to concert pianist but that's part of their program because it provided that I didn't say I want to be concert pianist I need to say learner piano play piano I wanted them to learn music and so we asked to have guitars around the their learn how to play guitar by themselves and hang around the house they play now I put it down but a lot of them a lot of a cost of a cost dissertation became published as on purposeful systems and so he is all about purpose can you get away of about not talking about purpose and in most projects you're working on that's really tough you have a sponsor and they go why am i sponsoring you what am I going to get out of this and so that's generally not to do with purpose or ends and the work that we're working on it's much more of a process I'm going to take this process as a matter of fact this is the work so the person introduced out of the meat is actually Raphael Rogers at IBM research in San Jose and this is a stop Arachne focused on can you do research and Suzanne Oates Elevens in Shanghai we're actually trying to figure out how you do artificial intelligence and design together from a process perspective getting it published because if you look at the publication waste people the publishing process now what happens you research and you have an output and you publish that but what happens you go instead of the process orientation which is we have a journal that actually tracks with progress along the way and whenever it cut whatever happens is whatever happens it's a different way but you go well how do you peer review we do peer review on the process you don't forget peer review on the endpoint so suseelan Raphael are really hot on that and that kind of came along to help yeah so Bateson is way over here and he comes over here and in between you've got all these guys are called to work with resilience and stuff like that they're biologists and they trying to figure out how to satisfy these people could you get an environmental management and regime shifts and stuff like that so watersheds like how do we change this watershed that's kind of like well you want to run to the ball you won't fall to come to you so to the absolute to the Epis all the problem if you're going to dissolve a problem when you're actually dissolving the problem and redesigning the system you want to design self reinforcing self-organizing systems and people don't like that so the the person that's influenced me most logistical community David Hawke who was Russ a cos first PhD student and he wrote his PhD at the Wharton School of Finance on anarchy anarchy is not chaos anarchy is a lack of hierarchy so everyone is flat it is the ultimate complicated organization so if you're going to find a complicated organization with autonomy of the people how is it you do that yeah I just had a quick I have a couple of questions that I think take a lot of people really interested in change change making and so we tend to be focused on how to make change think about the change that's coming it's interesting because I went brilliant my class who actually hot and even at that timing systems-thinking her she had a very strong systems approach so her approach was so too affordable for instance at the time she the wheelchair disability problem and she was obsessed with the idea that we were going but it all along the way that we should be retrofitting our buildings at half a million dollars a piece and we shouldn't be doing all this we should be actually tackling the problem which is the people so she went off to design she's now one of the leading experts in artificial limbs but also skin suits so she did I forget what they're calling out but they're they're suits that if you wheelchair you can put them on and you can actually walk they actually are completely self-supporting so that you you don't actually need a wheelchair so the importance is you can now behave like a normal being she's been working on this for 20 years but they're finally getting to the point where they actually exist in our if you're in a wheelchair you can choose no I don't want to spend my whole life rolling around I want to actually be putting on a suit at some point and I can actually walk society like a person so those are interesting ways of looking at two different systems one human my question really is about one of my big projects right now is autonomous vehicle stop and so and my question is my question is around at some point systems they they become they know are no longer associate technical they actually are almost living that they they learn your behaviors they respond to your habits they they do they do things that you would do even before you would do them in fact right so and autonomous vehicles are kind of like that where they program but they're also programmed to learn yeah and so at some point they actually do what you do better than you do right in the sense that well normally you would do this so now I'm going to do it only I can do it in a fraction of a second millisecond where you would actually have to think about it for two seconds right so we're going into a whole bunch of systems like that behaviors and attitudes am I gonna be comfortable with somebody making a better decision like me yeah so so I have two ideas that come with that have you covered panarchy okay okay so so the way that a call just look at panarchy is that they tend to look at where resilience is strong because I'm an organizational change person I want to look for low resilient systems if a system is strong its resilient you can't change it because whatever you do to it it it's kind of stays there the way that the call just draw this out is they have what are called fallen cuff diagrams and so you have a cup and you've got a fall it's at the bottom here and then when you perturb it you kind of rock it around but then you've got another cup over here and what you want to do is is have a regime shift where you push it and it comes out of this cup and goes into a different cup right if it's resilient but you have a super deep cup there's no way you're gonna move it that's a highly resilient system you can't move it what you want is something in a flat structure and then it's easy to move it place another place so as organizational change person I look for where is the low resilience in the system where is it weak because if the system is weak that's a great time for change so people look at Donald Trump and they like oh my god you know but it's a great opportunity for change in the United States and they should take advantage of it if they don't take advantage of well you get the alternative collapse you hope with regime shift because they go to another stable state that's better they could also collapse but that's kind of their choice the other idea that comes out of this is Gary rabbits have the idea of normal science and post-normal science and in normal science we actually tend to rely on the experts but when the stakes are high and the payoffs are big like nuclear power plants should would rely on nuclear scientists act to give us all the advice on nuclear power and the answer is no we should actually get involved with citizens and citizens like their it with enough patience as an average educated citizen should be able to figure what's going on even with nuclear power plant to make them decisions all the plants all the decisions should not be made by experts and so it's not clear to me right now with autonomous vehicles that the average person knows why they're doing this and and to me I understand the move away from from internal combustion engines but I also noticed like masta I've been driving masses for a while and they do the best they can with the existing technologies and we have all the infrastructure in place for you know gas stations and stuff like that my son Adam works at neo with niño which is one of the manufacturers and he has this video you see on YouTube they're doing the electric vehicle you drive the next vehicle beside what looks like a garage you push the button the car automatically autonomously backs in to the garage the bottom of the garage comes open they take the battery out the battery in in two minutes on the car drives empty and they're doing this in China and that's the design because in China it's not a democracy you can actually decide that you're going to have the entire transportation system change you could say we're gonna stop producing a internal combustion engines and the way you're going to do this you can swap cars and they're gonna drive in in two minutes again their battery please I can't see any that stuff in the United States not our democracy it's like a to many of interests and there's no there's no way they could do that so the system's behind it are different another interesting aspect generational because our generation for us the idea of freedom was you new generation yeah yourself actually driving I don't need to drive a car with drive is attractive so I think local policy is over other source of generational shift yeah but but this is this is why I don't know how many people still have a hard landline telephone line in their house oh it's actually pretty good that's more than I expected I still have a landline in my house and the reason is that I don't know if you were living in Toronto we have the total blackout power failure the phone still work right the phones still work and that's the reason is that people forget about the systems that exist and don't do proper analysis of the systems that exist to find out what it is about that's good about the old system for the court of the new system price take off when he actually one of the methods he has it's called reference projection and that's really a healthy exercise you might look at the reference projection for the work you're doing in your MRP because that is an impetus so what happens if we continue the way that we're going the example that he talked about was originally than when telephone switching was an operator plugging in stuff at a switchboard if we if the people kept adopting telephones at the rate they were adopting them there have been a requirement for more operators more telephone operators switchboard operators than there were people in the United States so it's obviously unsustainable and so you just go on this trend now in autonomous vehicles I don't know if they've done that analysis work it's like so what did we kept improving internal combustion engines at the rate that we've been turning now there's going to get a point where you you say you can't do better than that but that kind of happened to the computer industry where it's like oh we can't make chips any faster Oh parallel processing now we're doing all these other things so maybe there was an alternative way of lengthening that and I don't know what are the economics of that compared to the economics of the coffee it's to innovation is happening in Canada and they're not necessarily the same right so what is we should be moving to electric vehicles so we should be putting all our energy into making a battery in a dozen way at time like that's that's why those cars was so heavy right so that's one thing and yeah we can all be driving electric vehicles the other is the Millennium ship to to people who don't necessarily want to drive don't care about driving and I think you know sidewalk labs for instance there their argument we think people are living in the waterfront are all Millennials they don't want to drive that's why we're pushing these because they just want these things they're gonna get them on their phone they're gonna show up and that's it and that's why we're eliminating all the private roads oh that's interesting yeah but but it's also a big mistake and and so one of the things I want to work on is is the issue of cities and complexity a city is a complex system and we know it's not sustainable so what are we doing to create 2d complexify cities and this is why I find I actually say that it's interesting to see what happens at the provincial level I'm really into than provincial government cuz provincial government should actually be trying to get people to move out of Toronto that should be what they're funding and they should fund it seriously because having more people come to the city is a increasingly complex and Disqus worse and worse they're not going to solve that problem like I'm not gonna have too much of an infrastructure there we should actually be getting people who be out of the city so it's prevent agencies were all rallying architects and urban planners and there was tons of competitions we would my office at the time submitted all kinds of things we won a couple of awards doing alternative building of cities right definitely and it was all based on transportation system that could get you from here to there in like 30 minutes when you could be in another like Reston or another place and other village that was you know two hours from here right and the idea was that you wouldn't have suburban sprawl you would actually have nodes if that were that there were farms in between right and so the preventional funding so that was their solution but I think we're trying to to aggregate those ideas and get people and developers to build those so that if they stop sprawl and he stopped the kind of incredible just density or identifying of the city they found though because they never had there was never like they had the land they had the idea but they just could not put it all together and now the models are gone you have no I can't think of the last time anybody was talking about where we should be creating a whole new town somewhere yes and amazon coming to Toronto that's the worst idea like that's a terrible idea we don't need Amazon also gonna call the word congestion that's a really bad idea probably lots of surface okay well so maybe we'll leave it there and one thing I would say two things is you'll probably be digesting this talk there's a lot I can say only because this is also my territory that was very relaxed you're going I guarantee you as you go along in your future projects you will find all kinds of things that you'll want to go back and say oh my god I need to look that up get down all of the slides and have them because they will come in handy as is he's got lots of resources and the other thing is once you connect so once again thank you for coming in it was great you could talk the story of how Peter and I got engaged so what happened that Peter Jones comes into Toronto who's in Toronto and he was working on language action perspective and it was publishing an article and so he sends a message to my blog says I notice you're in Toronto quite a lot we meet when you're here and I said I live in Toronto

just briefly for people who came in late the slides are actually balding calm comment publications and actually if you bug me and you came in really late you want the whole thing i have audio recordings i would do audio recordings so it is take if you take me a while to get it then and i am actually i accept my own youtube channel because i do these lectures quite regularly in a lot this one is new but you can actually hear the last year is lecture i gave and stuff like that so a lot of us up you will hear you kind of go 0 yeah as you said that with in a different way yeah i know i never give the same lecture twice okay so we have covered kind of 2 fifths because skip over it and jeremy have to give you more time to cover in this class and the other class might aggregate does anyone have any like show stopping questions that we want to cover right now before i yeah so this is when we do the advertisement for system thinking ontario which is it is a lifetime pursuit i did not start in systems so i started in 1998 and the reason i started was i have an assignment at the advanced business institute which ibm an executive education facility these we education for free and steve hakala wrote this book called a better prize and i studied at that point like business for 8 years like i have undergrad and commerce i have an mba from kellogg school it is 2 years the people you can see if steve technol is saying all these unreasonable sorts of things and he finally said go read some russakoff why do the breitner book and then what after when i started work writing books it actually a very good foundation because i would say steve this way of writing in the book but ruff said is this and how does that compare and so one of the observers to this actually says that they believe that steve would never have written the book except for the arguments we should get into because at one point steve said i told you to read rough takeoff not become rustic huh rough a cough and and you guys had a reading from john sheet character doggie who is working directly with him a coffee is really valuable he is the most published author in system thinking and he is really great because he is clear he is super super clear after you have got the clarity then you can figure out why he is wrong and so you end up with a sort of thing so that is why it is even dipping into a cup and then out of a coffin into a coffin out of a coffin because of that clarity and so people that actually understand take off well great systems thinkers he he had the program in return pennsylvania and i meet these people and like brilliant but passing that on and trying to move beyond that when i was president of the international society for system sciences my agenda was that most the system thinking that you see is actually kind of 1980s era and that is where it is frozen but systems scientists had moved past that and it has gone to continue to all sort of work if people are not recognizing that so the difference between me and a lot of other people assist the community is i am back to current with the research i am trying to push particular things forward so yeah you will get to it just if that is for this way try to keep the 3rd wednesday of the month after you graduate from this program come back this is the thickening ontario because we have these discussions and everyone they are still trying to figure stuff out like a sore thumb yeah and those comes 1st in your perspective just okay so function is well so they all kind of exist it is not it is not a proceeding sort of thing the the issue with function so so if you are doing stuff like system dynamics so you have already careful the language so the international society for the system sciences when i took it to in cosi which is the systems engineering community they are they are making jokes because firstly you say systems which is know it is plural not singular and then you say sciences and engineers do not like that it is like how could you work on multiple sciences so systems dynamics system dynamics is within a system and it focuses on structure a process they focus less on profs on on function because they do not look at the containing whole the containing whole generally means that you are in what is called hierarchy theory and that is really what timothy allen actually does which he is a leader in hierarchy theory which says you know looking at the water versus hydrogen and oxygen sort of stuff if you had to do that on 2 dimensional graph graph and draw it then it is like well you can draw the function actually does not happen on a flat surface like that it is actually multi dimensional so they all happen and and so another thing that that has been a bit of debate particularly with systems engineers they go our systems real and the answer systems are not real systems are human beings way of dealing with the complexity in the world that is the way we represent things and so systems are never real all these constructs about function structure they are think that we make up try to understand the real world and discuss with each other the one of the 1st things that happened when you get the system is thinking is you have to make sure you are both discussing the same system and then we expecting the same system and you draw a boundary around it is the boundary in both time and space and then when active draw on the system what is the environment around that because we do not think about the environment is bounded but when you talk about it the environment can not be everything right so in the tavistock work that what is called a field the field is in effect the relevant environment you are talking about it so you have the system and in the field which is relevant environment so i did not ask your question yes so so in mechanical system structure equals function in biological systems that is not the case so let us teach you covered old cabbage so we are talking aparts holes and their relations the parts are actually systems so in your body do you have your respiratory system and your digestive system the operate in parallel but deciding which one is a part of what it is kind of like well the digestive system and the respiratory system are not independent because your digestive system probably takes gases into account so it is like so the parts are actually systems they are not just mechanistic you know carburetor type parts and and that is that is challenge of getting over it and and and if you start working on system thinking it is never clear it is the sort of thing you are just going to go 0 you know that you are on a streetcar you are going you are thinking you are like 0 that is a system and okay i get it now this stuff just takes a while there is no fast way of doing okay let me proceed i had talked about unfreeze change and freeze which gets me into the trumpet innovation series compared to innovation learning theory stuff that is the book i am going to talk about a history of social psychological technical technological systems that come from cattle talk that would leave the causal textbook theory pacing layers of change and then my process change matrix which people find out to be quite practical okay of you how many of you have organizational change they were heard of unfreeze change freeze okay so maybe for deep perspective so if you are doing we are going to kick tail change this is kind of the foundational idea and it comes from kurt it is read do with the be unfreeze change and refreeze is how we change the system is that you go through this period and you come and you unfreeze the system and it is like going to army boot camp well how do you create a new arm well 1st thing to take all these people and you break them down to boot camp so they are all equal which is the unfreezing part and then you give them new behavior which is changing it and then new freeza and you reinforce them do you know how an army that operate the same way that is the way the army works well if you actually look at the history of this this act is something new it does think of this lecture it is like well this change has 3 steps as they call it unfreeze change that refreeze was not something that actually lewin levine actually wrote himself he actually wrote the unfreeze part and then it turns out that over the 50 1950s 1960s they get with the change these parts but when you are looking at this sort of idea this is based off more ideas of structure than process although it is a kind of structure process when thinking about looking at from the perspective of the day you could talk about it like ecologists do when you are trying to do regime shifts so multiple stable states they are trying to move from one stable state to another stable state and the way you would do that is you have a stable state you have this trance and you try to push them in a new stable state can you do that will it stick how people read innovators dilemma plate the christensen okay so innovators dilemma of the original research when christensen was doing his ph d he did not research into 3.5 inch describes a fire according to drive tries essentially manufacturers had this issue which was as pc technology was coming out they were building 5 and a quarter inch drives hard drives and the more you build them the better they get the price goes down the quality goes up the capacity goes up but there came this thing called laptop and you can move either used old technology that was a 5 into quarter inch drive or 3.5 inch drives smaller drives that fit in laptops and so they end up with what they call the innovative dilemma you can either satisfy the old marketplace the old people that were buying all the 5 quarter inch drives and they are reliable you make them happier as a matter of fact people serving those customers it is kind of like i want exactly what i have got is going to work faster and i want more capacity the other way of looking at it would be make the shift into a new unproven market 3.5 inch drives there are no standards they break down more for they are unreliable and then less capacity so why would you do that and so you end up with innovative dilemma and it is actually a reworking of jupiter is creative instruction idea where you start off with what is called sustain technologies in product orbits but then the question should you have to definitely different curve so before i fell it for the benefit of a vinayak i know each other wearing through ibm people with ibm are going through this process right now and you have to have been through one before because when i joined ibm i was there before lou gerstner took over and so i was there with the company actually could have gone bankrupt and so when you have to go through a change like this is this a sort of change you want to look at where you making a shift and you are doing the unfreeze change and refreeze or is it something different now 2006 work with ibm 2006 for you okay so this is the mantra that we learned and it is actually pretty good so what is what is going on the innovation and the nature of innovation has changed and they said it will nation is now open collaborative multi disk learning global which is really great to say and you know it is kind of as ibm are there in this manner i would say their innovation is cage whaling innovation but it does not make sense to me so it is like i wrote a blog post a long time ago if that does not make sense well what was it before if it was not open collaborative apply this canary mobile so we have the idea industrial age where you have no idea private or use that private rd so we had ibm research you have bell labs does not art concur the telecom wrong i think smart element but essentially the idea that came out of there was that you did all your research e to develop when you had a pipeline and everything was done internally we have this change towards open standards interfaces and choosing expedient platforms were for advancing design and so this is the basis of the book of open innovation learning and i take as an example now which this is a research book heavy backward looking if you look at ibm is cloud technologies today where were all those technologies developed so number one ibm bluemix or ibm cloud that is called now was actually developed by pivotal it is open source project as interesting over 2 pivotal and going over there cuz typical guys are complaining you know typical is doing all the legwork on this stuff and ibm is free riding on us and it is like we wish ibm would just get premium poor people to work on the pivotal project except they forget that ibm invested the 1st $1000000000 in linux in 1999 and and then i think those 2 years ago they committed the 2nd $1000000000 and so ibm as good could make an open source community like well you know because actually do they build the operating systems internally well they do not do that anymore to ship some strategy so the i mean you would have private research versus open research new production chains value chains that sort of way and you know into organizational contracts so when you look at economics you typical theory of the firm if something the questions why the firm is exist once you are making a marketplace and it is because of these transaction cost economics and everything works that way but the idea today is you have collaborative where your alliances co producing and doing accelerator learning that is why github is important but everyone here has been on github or understand github ok so everyone knows minused or bald is number one and mentioned from the store bolt was latest or bowles invented 0 all right this way i come here to history of science nothing that linda is torvald with a grad student at university helsinki and invented linux okay what was the top west it would know i guess what was linda is torvalds number 2 invention linda is torvalds number 2 invention was ditched and what is get get is a check in check out just a fur coat because when you are working on a project there is 2 ways the old way of working on code was i am working on code and no one else can work out a lot of works on i am totally computer systems you guys can not touch it now you are doing there is a serial leader that is not going to do things so what minister ball does did was invent a parallel technology in an effect the way that github works is that you have sections and so jeremy works on chapter one and i am working on chapter 9 and we write that independently and then what happens is as you are quite time to come i could say okay it is something i write impact you and we go back and we match those things up but that is what you do in this sort of environment where you are dealing collaboratively and you are dealing in an efficient way you can parallel line stuff because but you want to work on everything in a complicated structure now when you make the complexity when you want to make it a complex system you have to put it back together again but you are designing it so that you can actually go from complex to complicate it back to complex complicated and going back before playback the method before you speak and legal problem solving and you understand what that means now the new way is multi disciplinary conversations where people are constantly at dialog and i understand next week people are we are talking about that sort of stuff the economics used to be able to colonial trade in effect having a headquarters in one country now its global talent people live all around the world and working with information so that is how innovation has changed so if we are actually looking at innovation can we let approach it from a different way i am going to jump to what is in my book which is actually chapter 9 and talk about the work of tipping gold all has a 20 7 article 2017 article which is really change the philosophy of the way i look at systems if you want a reference are this this has changed me from being a a coffee guy to being a beast but the idea is that the way that i have already described the system to you is we are pretty traditional where people draw systems with system and then the environment around so you draw a circle with a system and around the upside get the environment the different way of looking at it which is looking tied 1st so what different way of drawing system would be i am on a line and my lion kind of squiggles over time do i want our work on this project and that project you can imagine what line evans life line and then we come in and we have other people is life so jeremy is on the line and adam is on the line role working weight and what is the while we come together we form a knot and then we go away again and we are but what happens is that we make that connection and the knots come at different points of time and this is your way of looking at systems and what 10 min will writes about is human life lines in caustic correspondence i try to be clear and say co respondent because it is not like me in a machine it is me interacting with someone else so i am course well i am responding to them and they are responding to be right so now we are talking about a system it is this is called an technological approach to anthropology to epistemology because it is it is north interactive it is cold responding but it is based off a theory of blood habits so have adversity coalition and he talks about walking as an example so when you are walking your legs are doing the walking so is it your legs moving you or you moving your legs it is actually both simultaneously right so how did it you design a system where you are trying to now model your leg is moving in a world are you moving your legs are you moving or you moving your legs are like living you it is both kind of got this corresponding thing happening the 2nd is agency rather than agency and we have in situ get corresponding and the corresponding is more than interaction so in design of course lots of interaction design which was finally during the age where you did not have artificial intelligence on the other side if you have artificial intelligence on the other side you are not correspond and thirdly attention out the ground the intentionality and the other is ideas as example of particular slight no i am not going to cover ok so we have the idea of learning and how people learn and so in gold focuses on as to it those 2 ideas about learning or knowledge management most of these learning stuff has actually been focus on whole philosophy which is about transmitting information and so i have told into my head and trying to transmit it into your head and that but another way of looking at it is and what i am trying to do is focus attention ality and so of all system stuff that i told you you know i actually do not that i would like to tell you much more than jeremy is already told you but what i am doing is i am directing your attention so i am giving you all the references you could read the references but you may not get the same ideas it is like interacting in class right so there is an intentionality there the distinction made between a maze and a labyrinth a maze has multiple ways in and multiple ways ever essentially is problem solving if you go to a labyrinth you go back to the greek stories of labyrinth there is a labyrinth is a multi purpose nazario a maze is a multi kersal puzzle a labyrinth is a unicursal puzzle a labyrinth has one way in and one way out if you go over to trinity square they actually have a labyrinth there on the ground you can take your kids and run around it but there is one way in is one way ever so why would you be interested in the labyrinth so what is the story of the labyrinth the idea is that you would go into a labyrinth and you get lost in the labyrinth you kind of it would not not you could not find your way out because pretty clear the way in the way out it is pretty clear but you would get so involved in it that you forget to even leave yeah labyrinth the people are trapped in the labyrinth good not paying attention so why go back to an art gallery you have been there before you have been in the art gallery you go back again it is because when you go you are paying attention to different things you come back to a painting and you say 0 i know this painting you go wow i never noticed that before you know what was it that changed was that you were the painting in front of you the change something happened to you and you are looking at the painting and going 0 i am not seeing it the same way i saw like 2 years ago it looks different that is due intentionality so these are sort of things like trying to bake into the way that moving on system thinking i can take you back to some more stuff this goes back they say world war 2 but this missive tradition on most what most of the management theory in systems which developed on the tavistock institute in the uk it was 33 perspectives on systems and they do not happen at the same time so it is so technical that so psychological there is actually a 3 volume publication called the tavistock anthology and it has all the papers and they separated to those 3 but they say do not get confused it is not because they were done sequentially it is just what they were working on the period of time social psychology so social psychological perspective had to do mostly with the work of getting soldiers coming back from the war so soldiers came back in the 2nd world war and the problem essentially was you have got these veterans now and they are with now we called ptsd right so they are traumatized and society thinks they should readapt and so the conventional way would be we need to change the way these veterans are coming back into society an alternative way of looking at it would be no we need to change society for the veterans coming back how is it we change institutions so that the psychology of the people is that are supported so it reverses the way that psychology being done at the time which says it is all about the person although the veteran you know and and we look into the veterans head we are trying to do the petra king stop it is like no no change the environment do not change the system the 2nd one so technical systems out during the period of coal mining and the original studies that were done and they are pretty clear that could good to read the original articles the tristan bamford article in management science 1967 or some like that is really old but the old journal article just be readable and they talk about the way that mining had changed because used to be that mining you go in with a pickaxe and your family and you take down walls that is how you do it and they can not believe sheen is come log wall machines and what would happen with me that you would have this machine everyone would have a crank you turn the crank and you move the machine down that takes down in some little wall and then shovels intact and this is what mechanization started coming in but when they did that people started dying because before they had the family structures now the head that a human being is part of the machine and it serves the machine and so how do you reorganize work and so the socio technical systems movement came up with the idea of things like job rotation and the most interesting trivia to be is in 1983 eric tryst was at york university and he published the last paper for the ontario ministry of labor he published the last paper on quality of work life it is actually available to be merged into a library i would look at it because that is kind of where that that stuff kind of ended up the idea quality of work life if that work might that would follow something like this research idea was about design principles and so they had one of doing optimization which is like human beings and machines together the 2nd production function versus the tendency of parts this speaks to your question of a one to one and one 2 minute because if you are dealing with a engineer they do one to one but human beings have multiple functions and they can adapt so machine tips are typically designed for one function or a limited number of functions but human these will adapt to that and so a redundancy of functions does not mean a redundancy apart did that one person do multiple things as a matter of fact 4 people do best if people do what they only did for the 3rd perspective social methodological perspective had to do with the rapid change that started happening in the 90s when they truck remember change in the world started happening really fast and it turns out that the that the way they were dealing with that was a lot of organizational change issues and that comes to yeah that the open systems approach so your traditional way of looking at systems again you have the system now what you can do is you can look at the planning process which is the system impacts the environment this is the outer world and the organization learns from that and so this however there are other things going on what is that inside the system you have got these internal part part relations going on so those changes happening internally plus at the same time you have got down here parker stuff so some timing in the environment has nothing to do with the organization and all these things are changing simultaneously and so this was based awesome work a direct correlation with somewhere off i will give you the short answer this is a very difficult paper seminal systems paper but i spent like 3 days working on it i will give you this to the neck the answer there is 2 ways of playing soccer football one is you move to the ball the other is the ball comes to you profound so if you were dealing with a system do you go to the ball or do the ball come to you because if you are dealing with ecology it is like running does not help right and you could just wait the ball to come to you the patient enough now it is not coming faster than move towards but the idea is that you could or you might you might when you might not take action the cause of text are sort of social environments is one of the oldest papers are most cited and and there are 4 types of fields that conference the field is the environment systemic environment and the story they tell is the 1st night so random classic you have a surface you have animals on the surface you have food on the surface so what is the rule you eat this food everywhere you do not care that is a random class environment the food is randomly distributed everything is great no problem segment environment clustered plastic clustered placid is animals there is an animal surface and the food is no longer everywhere it is a little clumps so what is the rule now what is the behavior it happens you move to the food when you finish that food it has gone you move to the other 3rd the spirit reactive this is the previous one now your competition so there are multiple animals on the surface there are multiple couples of food on the surface what is the rule move for food if there is someone else already there move somewhere else there is lots of food around to see clumps but originally going to bump into someone else the 4th type of environment is turbulent you have a surface you are in an earthquake the food is they push all over the place you are getting thrown all over the place what do you do the answer is you actually need to coordinate at this point you act you have to work with the other people because it is not just about the food it is you are going to smash through each other and kill each other because the ground so when you are looking at the environment you are in one of these types of environments and when you are designing a system are you designing for that type of feeling so if we look at very slow changing so we are talking earlier about the ontario health system and a health and government stuff like that that is a very slow system you do not really want to be dealing with that in a turbulent environment like you really need to change that system and say look we could not deal with this in one of the other ways but this is the type of environment we are in not everything in the world is turbulent we make it that way one is self induced okay this is the point at which i stopped last time but i am going to jump on this okay i will give you the the briefest description of my book of the findings from my book i do not know i am not going to do that there will be a video on my website i recorded the book launch so you guys look at that okay here is homework for you on youtube there is a series called how buildings learn watch this series do a brand who co founder belong now network along that foundation have done this and this is the idea of pasting layers and the metaphor comes from this which is you can look at a building that the originally stuart brand want to study organizational learning but organizational learning is nothing to really study so we studied how building clerk and this is systems perspective because both of us consider people are in the building and people system and we learn but it is looking the other way around it is just a perspective you can look as a change in buildings of how they are so you describe as multiple layers you start off with a site which is the foundation and from here you build load bearing walls for the structure and after the local bilberry structure you put in the skin which protects the outside of the building after that you put in the surfaces you put in the electricity put in the plumbing all that stuff inside the walls you put in a space plan to the non load bearing walls and after that you for this stuff it is all furniture and so this is a pacing layers view of systems and how they work the reason i like this is because it it gets you to thinking about structure and process in 2 different ways it actually puts the process and makes it material and changing over time now let us talk about how you make changes so if you are going to have if you leave a house you can have a choice wait this way the story clothes you can store clothes in a closet or you can store it in an armoire an armoire as part of the stuff just furniture and moves around rapidly you can move it around a closet is fixed into the wall when you leave the house you cannot take the closet with you do you think an armoire with you when you were designing things you need to figure out what you want to design it in a fad a quickly changing layer or a slowly changing layer when you if you actually follow through and go to how buildings learn he talked about the pompidou center and in paris where they did swatches something outrageous and what they did was they put the services outside skin which is not a good idea because all the air conditioned ducting is outside and it is corroding the acid rain so there is a logic behind doing these things a helpful way of licking up about change this is a 1993 people kind of notice 0 the mass customization framework of a dynamic stability instability framework is that there are ideas of product change and process change and if you have a stable product so the way normal business model is to start off to the invention mode the 1st time you build something you have a product that is dynamic everything you invent is different and the process by which you do with this dynamic after you have an invention you come down into mass production hall what they do mass production if you try to stabilize the product so you create the same thing over and over again and try to stabilize the processes so you can do it with quality after that within a continuous improvement mode so that in here we are kind of in the model t every color every cars all of this black you can make incremental improvements to that which is we have a foundation or a platform and google on top of any variation but this idea might build ships will make up into the mass customization framework which is to have the dynamic process not magnetic product and stable process the trick behind us is that people who are working in mass customization did not move to mass customization you can not do that you have to go through the ceilings which is started mass production go to continuous improvement the process transformation and then you can get the mass customization so i pretty well run out of time i think that i have run out of time shortly so i have to figure out what i am going to jump to here let us see i think i need to just one thing on services okay we are going to jump to the end and out of all these things i am going to do be and so i will talk about theory the offering and talking a little adaptive change so there has been a lot of work on service systems i come in to a different lecture for that the money that i recommend is that you actually look at the work of rapper ramirez and richard norman into which neighborhoods and this i give during the offering and the proposition when you get the service economy is that there is 2 e is approaches service economy one if you have actually done work in service science is steve fargo is work which is on service dominant logic and service don the logic i talked to steve focus asked me to do this research and he said of course he knows this researcher asks what why are you have service dominant logic he said there is 2 aint approaching you thinking one needs to use all the same words and and overload them and the other one is ukrainian vocabulary so what richard norman did systems thinker he created a new vocabulary from looking at systems what steve had cod what steve fargo does which turned on logic that he says i am doing research those services and then he redefined what services means so this was a little bit clearer a sense of the idea is that we have offerings and offerings of 3 dimensions there is a physical component so if you look at automobile that is physical car service content which is the financing the all certain thing to get along with the car to the onstar those sorts of things and if people content which could be the maintenance afterwards release and the way you approach this is we notice our documents the idea offering its output doing system so you have input of this input process output the offering is output gives industrial logging kind of customer value to transactions and so essentially the idea here is when you someone sounds a car when you buy the car you own the car that is it the transaction is done the value is in accurate physical hassle there has been a movement towards a service logic which is they have a relationship to the auto we love manufacturers do not actually make money on the vehicle they make money on the financing and any money on the on the maintenance after the car but that is your having a customer value to a relationship they have to have a relationship with you if you if you are doing your own maintenance doing your own oil changes that is less of a relationship if you have no idea that offering as an input the other self service module so if someone could have to be an auto fuel manufacturer give you all the parts for a car and you assemble it so that means that you are actually doing you are not you do not care about the assembled car those you want a custom bicycle is more practical or a mass customized bike what happens is that they give you all the components and you change them yourself you build them yourself the do a partnership logic which is a relationship logic that is in the long term you deal with i could be like a joint venture and so it could be a couple of research organizations come together they do not know what the outcome is going to be they come with a physical product a service product and people content altogether and that is in the output now you can mix the stuff because there is a difference between having self service logic where you come in to do something regularly and it is your transaction so it is like going to an atm machine going to an atm machine is not like actually going in a partnership with someone and building something together it is going to make money longer can the difference in the thinking towards this is that traditionally we think about supply chain we think about value madam and ideally the product add things on top whereas if you come with this ikea is usually the example they talk about when you are building something like it is a co production and you could pay someone to assemble the ikea furniture for you but value proposition is actually even putting things together with you so you are actually contributing to co production ok come down to the end yes okay hold on now i have to go back to one of the slides so that is the address of rats no it is good it is good okay so jim is 4 who is at that point director of prominent services research would ask the question by the national science foundation how should we change education so it is very service economy and this was his the answer was that if you look at primary school education this is the way we should we have to get knocked by science and math and stuff like that but doing this way so firstly work on systems that move store part of the process the transportation systems when they are in kindergarten your kids have to get on a bus or walk or whatever they understand traffic takes them make them understand that really secondly water waste management do you understand that water does not happen on the tap you know how does it go with the water cycle and the clouds and you know river is all sort of stuff food and global supply chain need understands that food does not have that supermarket to go to farms energy and energy grid like christy does not as come over the wall if you think of a plant consulate so if i read for they can ask the question how does their whole bottle and actually work good that way i have a waffle good cd talk here and it ends up over there somewhere the 2nd category systems that enable healthy well like people building the construction is actually a big service industry about a product industry banking and finance is obvious retail hospitality health care and education our services but great feat is when you focus on the health care system how you actually know how the whole culture system works and i like it that my great 9 you are talking about education but they have been in school since kindergarten so now is that why are you there systems that govern grade 10 a government cities then you get restatement of provinces and then federal and so the idea is to work from the concrete to the more abstract and so our education system traditionally has not been oriented towards this way of thinking about service systems the there is a differentiation between a production perspective and a service perspective and this is fundamental to a lot of the work on doing a pattern language in the research i am doing now is we talk about buildings and chris frolic dentists work on buildings is about getting the building as a product if we took an extent and we started talking to them in a different way a service perspective we would change the way they look at it and the way we do that is by talking about affordances so i told you about the okay firstly i need to do this sorry i may have to run over a little bit i hate to do this to a class but you guys are asking the question so order the systems movement as assistant thing i were working on it has been torch what is called technological perspective and so when i am saying doctor i understand that called in a different way the history of this was back in the 1950s 60s and you go back to behavioral psychology so behavioral psychology you have bf skinner he rings the bell the dog salivates the way means to understand people was trying to get inside their heads jacob gibson was kind of the father of ecological psychology and what he looked at was how is it that we should understand a pilot trying to land a plane on an aircraft carrier you have got the ship moving as of the landing movie and you have got the pilot with this plane and both going together and how is he actually get that interaction what is the system here try to get inside the pilots head does not understand it does not help you what you trying to do now is understand the interaction between the pilot the aircraft and the carrier and to all this stuff that is a system you are interested in you are interested and so the question is asked up what is inside your head but what your head is inside that is that is a systems perspective that is the ecological systems perspective talking about the containing whole and getting that idea but what your heads inside and that is the hardest part now the way that designers actually do this and they have done it don norman unfortunately did it is a really bad to service on this is jj gets a crazy idea of an affordance an affordance is whatever the environment contribute to the carny the tracks that occurs and traditionally we talk about affordances is a doorknob is an affordance a doorknob affords you the ability to open the door if you have a door you know you can pull on the door and the affordance is actually not the doorknob itself the affordance is the person perceiving that the doorknob existed it could pull on don norman when he was doing work at apple start talking about real affordances without actually you had to rewrite this in psychology of everything the design of everyday things and so if you start with the map of the mac trashcan as an example the mac trashcan is an affordance because it allows you to delete stuff however when you get to the real jay jay gives a definition if a person does not recognize the trashcan is to get rid of stuff it is not an affordance so if you want to shut off you if you want to eject a disk out of a mac and the way to do it is put in a trash can that is not an affordance that people use you can not figure that one out right in new service design will we do affordances we should we think about affordances for mobility and high ability people so currently i am a mobility person i am getting my achilles tendon fixed up so there is 2 ways of iding this building for me to come in what is a complex way it was a complicated way the complicated weights me together this building 2 entrances one entrance with a handicap and one entrance for everyone else is being embodied a complex system would be one entrance everyone comes in the safe way now there is actually no problem having a complicated approach but we tend unlike the complex approaches so stop and think about but either case there are 4 dances and if you think about that affordance what you would have is an entrance that affords me the ability to get into the building is going now okay i had a question about gender activity and so i am going to close on that and i know make the differentiation with with the way you think about systems there is 2 ways to grow systems there is dentistry somatic and between systemic and systemic the better way of describing this and bates it is right this way so natick system our cylinder changed so if you think about going from here to the rocky mountain going to denver rocking out high altitude there are somatic chains have happened when the human body goes to high altitude the body will adapt eventually right do not drink the 1st couple of days falsely preserve them but there is also someone who is born at high altitude and they have a genetic advantage because they are born there over generations of time it will be built into them so that is the difference between genetic change and somatic gene generally we have the distinction between auto pointer and aliphatic i am a factory line is a nonliving thing and as effect reducing the inputs are not the same as the outputs that is of biology this is called a logo esis which is creating something different a generative system is part of living systems and it is autopoietic autopoietic which means it can reproduce itself so human beings are autopoietic because we reproduce human beings but this gets a bit distinction between a reactive system also a co responsive system so when you have these sort of things to try and design a system you can design them one way or the other and it is not that one is right or one is wrong in particular you are looking at a lapointe existence versus autopoietic systems it is actually more efficient to create aliphatic systems cloning the sort of stuff that technology it actually takes less energy to do cloning than it does to actually do a fully autopoietic human being so when you make any sorts of choices then then you end up with making decisions about architecting types if you are going to work on with that i think my time is up so i am happy to take questions or hang around or whatever we should do a cough so philosophically okay hold on keeping applying this okay there is a difference in philosophy that happens and the difference is teleology versus juliana me so teleology is the study of ends its philosophy of ends and so aristotle has 4 cups of coffee so i talked about goals objectives ideals you end up with trying to figure out how something causes something else so you are starting from here and kind of moving into the future tili tili enemy is a study that happens in biology and it is about programming so as opposed to having a goal for something would you actually design a program that might actually influence something in the future so let us talk a moment about my children or asanas so there is one way of doing this would be okay i am going to raise my children with all these goals you know so they should actually have a goal and life have purpose the other philosophy would be well i am actually going to put i am going to try to program them a little bit i am going to you know try them as different sports and different activities and if they do not like it it is fine but it is like all for my son can actually play piano but none of them are really serious about it every once awhile it is like 0 yeah you go back to offer a guide to piano lessons does not mean they are going to concert pianist but that is part of their program because it provided that i did not say i want to be concert pianist i need to say learner piano play piano i wanted them to learn music and so we asked to have guitars around the their learn how to play guitar by themselves and hang around the house they play now i put it down but a lot of them a lot of a cost of a cost dissertation became published as on purposeful systems and so he is all about purpose can you get away of about not talking about purpose and in most projects you are working on that is really tough you have a sponsor and they go why am i sponsoring you what am i going to get out of this and so that is generally not to do with purpose or ends and the work that we are working on it is much more of a process i am going to take this process as a matter of fact this is the work so the person introduced out of the meat is actually raphael rogers at ibm research in san jose and this is a stop arachne focused on can you do research and suzanne oates 11s in shanghai we are actually trying to figure out how you do artificial intelligence and design together from a process perspective getting it published because if you look at the publication waste people the publishing process now what happens you research and you have an output and you publish that but what happens you go instead of the process orientation which is we have a journal that actually tracks with progress along the way and whenever it cut whatever happens is whatever happens it is a different way but you go well how do you peer review we do peer review on the process you do not forget peer review on the endpoint so suseelan raphael are really hot on that and that kind of came along to help yeah so bateson is way over here and he comes over here and in between you have got all these guys are called to work with resilience and stuff like that they are biologists and they trying to figure out how to satisfy these people could you get an environmental management and regime shifts and stuff like that so watersheds like how do we change this watershed that is kind of like well you want to run to the ball you will not fall to come to you so to the absolute to the epis all the problem if you are going to dissolve a problem when you are actually dissolving the problem and redesigning the system you want to design self reinforcing self organizing systems and people do not like that so the the person that is influenced me most logistical community david hawke who was russ a cos 1st phd student and he wrote his phd at the wharton school of finance on anarchy anarchy is not chaos anarchy is a lack of hierarchy so everyone is flat it is the ultimate complicated organization so if you are going to find a complicated organization with autonomy of the people how is it you do that yeah i just had a quick i have a couple of questions that i think take a lot of people really interested in change change making and so we tend to be focused on how to make change think about the change that is coming it is interesting because i went brilliant my class who actually hot and even at that timing systems thinking her she had a very strong systems approach so her approach was so too affordable for instance at the time she the wheelchair disability problem and she was obsessed with the idea that we were going but it all along the way that we should be retrofitting our buildings at half a $1000000 a piece and we should not be doing all this we should be actually tackling the problem which is the people so she went off to design she is now one of the leading experts in artificial limbs but also skin suits so she did i forget what they are calling out but they are they are suits that if you wheelchair you can put them on and you can actually walk they actually are completely self supporting so that you you do not actually need a wheelchair so the importance is you can now behave like a normal being she has been working on this for 20 years but they are finally getting to the point where they actually exist in our if you are in a wheelchair you can choose no i do not want to spend my whole life rolling around i want to actually be putting on a suit at some and i can actually walk society like a person so those are interesting ways of looking at 2 different systems one human my question really is about one of my big projects right now is autonomous vehicle stop and so and my question is my question is around at some point systems they they become they know are no longer associate technical they actually are almost living that they they learn your behaviors they respond to your habits they they do they do things that you would do even before you would do them in fact right so and autonomous vehicles are kind of like that where they program but they are also programmed to learn yeah and so at some point they actually do what you do better than you do right in the sense that well normally you would do this so now i am going to do it only i can do it in a fraction of a 2nd millisecond where you would actually have to think about it for 2 seconds right so we are going into a whole bunch of systems like that behaviors and attitudes am i going to be comfortable with somebody making a better decision like me yeah so so i have 2 ideas that come with that have you covered panarchy okay okay so so the way that a call just look at panarchy is that they tend to look at where resilience is strong because i am an organizational change person i want to look for low resilient systems if a system is strong its resilient you can not change it because whatever you do to it it it is kind of stays there the way that the call just draw this out is they have what are called fallen cuff diagrams and so you have a cup and you have got a fall it is at the bottom here and then when you perturb it you kind of rock it around but then you have got another cup over here and what you want to do is is have a regime shift where you push it and it comes out of this cup and goes into a different cup right if it is resilient but you have a super deep cup there is no way you are going to move it that is a highly resilient system you can not move it what you want is something in a flat structure and then it is easy to move it place another place so as organizational change person i look for where is the low resilience in the system where is it weak because if the system is weak that is a great time for change so people look at donald trump and they like 0 my god you know but it is a great opportunity for change in the united states and they should take advantage of it if they do not take advantage of well you get the alternative collapse you hope with regime shift because they go to another stable state that is better they could also collapse but that is kind of their choice the other idea that comes out of this is gary rabbits have the idea of normal science and post normal science and in normal science we actually tend to rely on the experts but when the stakes are high and the payoffs are big like nuclear power plants should would rely on nuclear scientists act to give us all the advice on nuclear power and the answer is no we should actually get involved with citizens and citizens like their it with enough patience as an average educated citizen should be able to figure what is going on even with nuclear power plant to make them decisions all the plants all the decisions should not be made by experts and so it is not clear to me right now with autonomous vehicles that the average person knows why they are doing this and and to me i understand the move away from from internal combustion engines but i also noticed like masta i have been driving masses for a while and they do the best they can with the existing technologies and we have all the infrastructure in place for you know gas stations and stuff like that my son adam works at neo with nino which is one of the manufacturers and he has this video you see on youtube they are doing the electric vehicle you drive the next vehicle beside what looks like a garage you push the button the car automatically autonomously backs in to the garage the bottom of the garage comes open they take the battery out the battery in in 2 minutes on the car drives empty and they are doing this in china and that is the design because in china it is not a democracy you can actually decide that you are going to have the entire transportation system change you could say we are going to stop producing a internal combustion engines and the way you are going to do this you can swap cars and they are going to drive in in 2 minutes again their battery please i can not see any that stuff in the united states not our democracy it is like a to many of interests and there is no there is no way they could do that so the system is behind it are different another interesting aspect generational because our generation for us the idea of freedom was you new generation yeah yourself actually driving i do not need to drive a car with drive is attractive so i think local policy is over other source of generational shift yeah but but this is this is why i do not know how many people still have a hard landline telephone line in their house 0 it is actually pretty good that is more than i expected i still have a landline in my house and the reason is that i do not know if you were living in toronto we have the total blackout power failure the phone still work right the phones still work and that is the reason is that people forget about the systems that exist and do not do proper analysis of the systems that exist to find out what it is about that is good about the old system for the court of the new system price take off when he actually one of the methods he has it is called reference projection and that is really a healthy exercise you might look at the reference projection for the work you are doing in your mrp because that is an impetus so what happens if we continue the way that we are going the example that he talked about was originally than when telephone switching was an operator plugging in stuff at a switchboard if we if the people kept adopting telephones at the rate they were adopting them there have been a requirement for more operators more telephone operators switchboard operators than there were people in the united states so it is obviously unsustainable and so you just go on this trend now in autonomous vehicles i do not know if they have done that analysis work it is like so what did we kept improving internal combustion engines at the rate that we have been turning now there is going to get a point where you you say you can not do better than that but that kind of happened to the computer industry where it is like 0 we can not make chips any faster 0 parallel processing now we are doing all these other things so maybe there was an alternative way of lengthening that and i do not know what are the economics of that compared to the economics of the coffee it is to innovation is happening in canada and they are not necessarily the same right so what is we should be moving to electric vehicles so we should be putting all our energy into making a battery in a dozen way at time like that is that is why those cars was so heavy right so that is one thing and yeah we can all be driving electric vehicles the other is the millennium ship to to people who do not necessarily want to drive do not care about driving and i think you know sidewalk labs for instance there their argument we think people are living in the waterfront are all millennials they do not want to drive that is why we are pushing these because they just want these things they are going to get them on their phone they are going to show up and that is it and that is why we are eliminating all the private roads 0 that is interesting yeah but but it is also a big mistake and and so one of the things i want to work on is is the issue of cities and complexity a city is a complex system and we know it is not sustainable so what are we doing to create 2 d complexify cities and this is why i find i actually say that it is interesting to see what happens at the provincial level i am really into than provincial government cuz provincial government should actually be trying to get people to move out of toronto that should be what they are funding and they should fund it seriously because having more people come to the city is a increasingly complex and disqus worse and worse they are not going to solve that problem like i am not going to have too much of an infrastructure there we should actually be getting people who be out of the city so it is prevent agencies were all rallying architects and urban planners and there was tons of competitions we would my office at the time submitted all kinds of things we won a couple of awards doing alternative building of cities right definitely and it was all based on transportation system that could get you from here to there in like 30 minutes when you could be in another like reston or another place and other village that was you know 2 hours from here right and the idea was that you would not have suburban sprawl you would actually have nodes if that were that there were farms in between right and so the preventional funding so that was their solution but i think we are trying to to aggregate those ideas and get people and developers to build those so that if they stop sprawl and he stopped the kind of incredible just density or identifying of the city they found though because they never had there was never like they had the land they had the idea but they just could not put it all together and now the models are gone you have no i can not think of the last time anybody was talking about where we should be creating a whole new town somewhere yes and amazon coming to toronto that is the worst idea like that is a terrible idea we do not need amazon also going to call the word congestion that is a really bad idea probably lots of surface okay well so maybe we will leave it there and one thing i would say 2 things is you will probably be digesting this talk there is a lot i can say only because this is also my territory that was very relaxed you are going i guarantee you as you go along in your future projects you will find all kinds of things that you will want to go back and say 0 my god i need to look that up get down all of the slides and have them because they will come in handy as is he has got lots of resources and the other thing is once you connect so once again thank you for coming in it was great you could talk the story of how peter and i got engaged so what happened that peter jones comes into toronto who is in toronto and he was working on language action perspective and it was publishing an article and so he sends a message to my blog says i notice you are in toronto quite a lot we meet when you are here and i said i live in toronto

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lFHPBD-qxs

[Music] if you were listening to this tape you have probably already experienced a panic attack let me reassure you that you are not alone this estimate is that in the United Kingdom about 1 in 3 people will be affected by panic attacks some of the signs and symptoms I will describe a common - panic attacks and whilst it is unusual for panic attacks to have a physical cause it is always advisable to see your GP to rule this out from time to time in our lives we have all experienced feelings of anxiety worry panic sometimes these feelings seem to get out of hand and we experience extreme anxiety worry and or panic attacks these experiences are all part of the body's response to a perceived threatening situation you may be familiar with the concept of the stress response or our fight-or-flight mechanism the stress response is a primitive survival mechanism it is an instinctive reaction for when we are in danger it can be readily understood if we think about our ancestors who may have been faced with say for example a saber-toothed tiger when faced with such a threat our ancestors would have had needed to make the decision whether they were going to stay and fight the tiger or run away either way they would need extra energy to help them run or fight that extra energy is adrenaline as the adrenaline circulates around the body it provides the major organs of the body with the energy needed until the threat is over this adrenaline rush all happens within a few seconds and the energy is used up in the body by either fleeing or fighting it is the fight-or-flight response that enables people to perform apparently superhuman feats of strength and stamina so what if we've got to do with panic attacks a panic attack is simply an exaggeration of the body's normal fight-or-flight response one of the things people frequently ask is why they feel the way they do why they experience some of the following symptoms palpitations an increased awareness of their heartbeat butterflies in the tummy jelly legs fuzzy head dizziness dry mouth pains in the chest hot or cold flushes sweating shaking rapid breathing or shortness of breath sick these feelings can be scary when some people feel as if they're having a heart attack and fear they may die after a panic attack you may find it you're left feeling physically and emotionally exhausted again this is due to the stress response panic attacks although very uncomfortable and distressing are completely harmless to reiterate a panic attack is simply an exaggeration of the body's normal fight-or-flight response as well as these physical symptoms of panic people may also experience psychological symptoms distressing thoughts such as feeling they're going to collapse but they may lose control but they feel from her detached from things around them things may feel unreal commonly people think that they are seriously ill and may be going crazy again it is important to recognize that many people who experience panic attacks have these or similar negative or catastrophic thoughts when the panic attack is over these thoughts may seem embarrassing or irrational but at the time they are very real and so strong that they may create a Nikoli worry at the back of the mind which in turn can create further anxiety it is the fear of the fear that lingers for example the fear of taking another panic attack this feeds the anxiety and begins a vicious circle of fear fleeting anxious thoughts which influence our feelings and back to the feelings of here again and so on this is important to address and challenge these anxieties directly by paying attention to what we think or to explain it in another way being mindful of our thoughts we will look at this a bit later on panic attacks can occur for many different reasons often people can recognize an identifiable trigger this trigger could be a certain chapter 15 such as an accident or hearing some terrible news it could be a major life stress or a more steady buildup of stress the trigger could be physical illness flu or virus for some people a particular situation may cause feelings of panic for example standing in a queue to supermarket for other people seeing or thinking about a particular object may cause panic for some people there is no identifiable trigger and the panic attacks seem to come from out of nowhere at this point it is important for you to know that panic attacks can be controlled and although they can be scary they are not faithful I will repeat that no one has ever died of a panic attack there are several simple things you can do to gain control of your panic attacks firstly and very importantly once you have been clearly reassured by a medical practitioner do you are experiencing panic attacks and your symptoms are results of this you then need to add knowledge and believe this from here you can move on to help yourself and take responsibility for the way you feel physically just take a moment now to look at your lifestyle by lifestyle I mean your routines the things you do day to day take a look at your diet are you happy with the type of foods you're eating do you feel you know what a well-balanced diet is it is recommended that we eat 5 to 6 portions of fruit and vegetables there are plenty of good information leaflets available in libraries health centers and Clinics they're clearly outlined what constitutes the good balanced diet many community organizations food cooperatives and health promotion centers offer information advice and recipes about healthy eating on a budget a poor diet does affect the way we feel and think check your caffeine intake how many cups of coffee do you drink in a day remember that caffeine can be found in tea Cola and some other soft drinks think about trying a decaffeinated substitute try to drink at least eight glasses of water a day don't wait until you feel thirsty as a birthday to have already started to dehydrate whilst looking at lifestyles be honest with yourself and think about how much physical exercise you take daily a brisk walk and a breath of fresh air is a simple cheap and effective form of stress relief as I continue to listen to this tape just try to keep an open mind after all you have nothing to lose but your panic attacks I talked earlier about the stress response or fight-or-flight remember that the results of race is an increase in energy circulating around your body in the form of adrenaline this is an automatic response and it's part of what is known as our autonomic nervous system the relaxation response is also part of the autonomic nervous system and it is important to recognize that you can't feel panic and calm at the same time it's an either-or the next thing to look at doing to overcome your panic attacks is building relaxation into a daily life side to of this type will help with this many people say that they can feel physically relaxed but find it hard to switch off their mind chatter a useful technique to try is just to imagine that all your thoughts are floating inside a bubble and you can just gradually let each bubble float away into the distance no need to ignore these thoughts just recognize they are there then watch them float on by without giving much attention to any one thought simply let them go with all of these techniques the clear words are persistence and practice if you do experience a minor setback don't be disheartened keep going and you will overcome your panic remember that you can make changes it will make a difference to you many people when they experience a panic attack notice that their breathing rate increases and become shallow they may over breathe or hyperventilate two common signs of chronic fighter ventilation are excessive yawning or sighing both the breathing causes more carbon dioxide to be released from the body than usual and this lowering of carbon dioxide can in itself results in panicky feelings one quick way to remedy this is whenever you experience signs of panic just close your mouth by doing this you will automatically adjust your breathing to a deeper more relaxed breath breathing in and out through your nose it is important to practice correct breathing exercises on a daily basis so that you can be certain that your body is learning to breathe properly in a relaxed rather than stressed monolith to help you with this here are a couple of techniques to try take a nice deep breath in through your nose if you can and if that's comfortable but as you breathe in imagine your stomach expanding when filling out hold for the count of four then breathe out slowly and completely here's another one to try this time completely ignore your upper body nose mouth lungs and just imagine that you are breathing in and out through your toes and just take a moment now just to try that now let's look at your thoughts as I mentioned earlier it is easy to get caught up in unhelpful thinking patterns one of the most important things to do is to learn to become aware of what you are thinking about while your thoughts predominantly positive and supportive or negative and unhelpful what kind of words do you use when you are talking to yourself and describing your planet do you use the more negative words such as never and count or do you use more optimistic terms such as I can overcome these panic attacks one thing you can be certain about is that whatever you say you will feel and believe so begin from today to pay attention or be mindful about what you through you think a mindful technique not only highlights our anxious thoughts but we can also learn to be more aware of other unhelpful confidence trailing thoughts and beliefs we may hold why don't you try writing down a few positive thoughts on postage stickers and place them around your houses reminders practice reminding yourself the feelings of panic are as a result of the fight-or-flight response and that you are safe both physically and emotionally [Music] also remind yourself these feelings will pass and you can stand your ground no need to run away some people noticed that if they find something to focus on other than the panic then the anxious feelings for decide more rapidly you could try focusing on an object planting or a combination of these focus on and objects in your environment in Campton for example lamppost or cars you could also try imagining yourself in a lovely relaxing place or situation you will find what works for you so don't give up keep trying it is important that you can begin to feel in charge of your feelings of panic now let me just recap on the main points a panic attack is simply an exaggeration of the body's normal fight-or-flight response you can make positive steps to overcome panic keep an open mind practice relaxation and breathing techniques daily practice mindfulness decide whether you need to make any lifestyle changes take time out to you and do the things that you enjoy doing finally most importantly to scope you [Music] you [Music]

if you were listening to this tape you have probably already experienced a panic attack let me reassure you that you are not alone this estimate is that in the united kingdom about one in 3 people will be affected by panic attacks some of the signs and symptoms i will describe a common panic attacks and whilst it is unusual for panic attacks to have a physical cause it is always advisable to see your gp to rule this out from time to time in our lives we have all experienced feelings of anxiety worry panic sometimes these feelings seem to get out of hand and we experience extreme anxiety worry and or panic attacks these experiences are all part of the body is response to a perceived threatening situation you may be familiar with the concept of the stress response or our fight or flight mechanism the stress response is a primitive survival mechanism it is an instinctive reaction for when we are in danger it can be readily understood if we think about our ancestors who may have been faced with say for example a saber toothed tiger when faced with such a threat our ancestors would have had needed to make the decision whether they were going to stay and fight the tiger or run away either way they would need extra energy to help them run or fight that extra energy is adrenaline as the adrenaline circulates around the body it provides the major organs of the body with the energy needed until the threat is over this adrenaline rush all happens within a few seconds and the energy is used up in the body by either fleeing or fighting it is the fight or flight response that enables people to perform apparently superhuman feats of strength and stamina so what if we have got to do with panic attacks a panic attack is simply an exaggeration of the body is normal fight or flight response one of the things people frequently ask is why they feel the way they do why they experience some of the following symptoms palpitations an increased awareness of their heartbeat butterflies in the tummy jelly legs fuzzy head dizziness dry mouth pains in the chest hot or cold flushes sweating shaking rapid breathing or shortness of breath sick these feelings can be scary when some people feel as if they are having a heart attack and fear they may die after a panic attack you may find it you are left feeling physically and emotionally exhausted again this is due to the stress response panic attacks although very uncomfortable and distressing are completely harmless to reiterate a panic attack is simply an exaggeration of the body is normal fight or flight response as well as these physical symptoms of panic people may also experience psychological symptoms distressing thoughts such as feeling they are going to collapse but they may lose control but they feel from her detached from things around them things may feel unreal commonly people think that they are seriously ill and may be going crazy again it is important to recognize that many people who experience panic attacks have these or similar negative or catastrophic thoughts when the panic attack is over these thoughts may seem embarrassing or irrational but at the time they are very real and so strong that they may create a nikoli worry at the back of the mind which in turn can create further anxiety it is the fear of the fear that lingers for example the fear of taking another panic attack this feeds the anxiety and begins a vicious circle of fear fleeting anxious thoughts which influence our feelings and back to the feelings of here again and so on this is important to address and challenge these anxieties directly by paying attention to what we think or to explain it in another way being mindful of our thoughts we will look at this a bit later on panic attacks can occur for many different reasons often people can recognize an identifiable trigger this trigger could be a certain chapter 15 such as an accident or hearing some terrible news it could be a major life stress or a more steady buildup of stress the trigger could be physical illness flu or virus for some people a particular situation may cause feelings of panic for example standing in a queue to supermarket for other people seeing or thinking about a particular object may cause panic for some people there is no identifiable trigger and the panic attacks seem to come from out of nowhere at this point it is important for you to know that panic attacks can be controlled and although they can be scary they are not faithful i will repeat that no one has ever died of a panic attack there are several simple things you can do to gain control of your panic attacks firstly and very importantly once you have been clearly reassured by a medical practitioner do you are experiencing panic attacks and your symptoms are results of this you then need to add knowledge and believe this from here you can move on to help yourself and take responsibility for the way you feel physically just take a moment now to look at your lifestyle by lifestyle i mean your routines the things you do day to day take a look at your diet are you happy with the type of foods you are eating do you feel you know what a well balanced diet is it is recommended that we eat 5 to 6 portions of fruit and vegetables there are plenty of good information leaflets available in libraries health centers and clinics they are clearly outlined what constitutes the good balanced diet many community organizations food cooperatives and health promotion centers offer information advice and recipes about healthy eating on a budget a poor diet does affect the way we feel and think check your caffeine intake how many cups of coffee do you drink in a day remember that caffeine can be found in tea cola and some other soft drinks think about trying a decaffeinated substitute try to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day do not wait until you feel thirsty as a birthday to have already started to dehydrate whilst looking at lifestyles be honest with yourself and think about how much physical exercise you take daily a brisk walk and a breath of fresh air is a simple cheap and effective form of stress relief as i continue to listen to this tape just try to keep an open mind after all you have nothing to lose but your panic attacks i talked earlier about the stress response or fight or flight remember that the results of race is an increase in energy circulating around your body in the form of adrenaline this is an automatic response and it is part of what is known as our autonomic nervous system the relaxation response is also part of the autonomic nervous system and it is important to recognize that you can not feel panic and calm at the same time it is an either or the next thing to look at doing to overcome your panic attacks is building relaxation into a daily life side to of this type will help with this many people say that they can feel physically relaxed but find it hard to switch off their mind chatter a useful technique to try is just to imagine that all your thoughts are floating inside a bubble and you can just gradually let each bubble float away into the distance no need to ignore these thoughts just recognize they are there then watch them float on by without giving much attention to any one thought simply let them go with all of these techniques the clear words are persistence and practice if you do experience a minor setback do not be disheartened keep going and you will overcome your panic remember that you can make changes it will make a difference to you many people when they experience a panic attack notice that their breathing rate increases and become shallow they may over breathe or hyperventilate 2 common signs of chronic fighter ventilation are excessive yawning or sighing both the breathing causes more carbon dioxide to be released from the body than usual and this lowering of carbon dioxide can in itself results in panicky feelings one quick way to remedy this is whenever you experience signs of panic just close your mouth by doing this you will automatically adjust your breathing to a deeper more relaxed breath breathing in and out through your nose it is important to practice correct breathing exercises on a daily basis so that you can be certain that your body is learning to breathe properly in a relaxed rather than stressed monolith to help you with this here are a couple of techniques to try take a nice deep breath in through your nose if you can and if that is comfortable but as you breathe in imagine your stomach expanding when filling out hold for the count of 4 then breathe out slowly and completely here is another one to try this time completely ignore your upper body nose mouth lungs and just imagine that you are breathing in and out through your toes and just take a moment now just to try that now let us look at your thoughts as i mentioned earlier it is easy to get caught up in unhelpful thinking patterns one of the most important things to do is to learn to become aware of what you are thinking about while your thoughts predominantly and supportive or and unhelpful what kind of words do you use when you are talking to yourself and describing your planet do you use the more negative words such as never and count or do you use more optimistic terms such as i can overcome these panic attacks one thing you can be certain about is that whatever you say you will feel and believe so begin from today to pay attention or be mindful about what you through you think a mindful technique not only highlights our anxious thoughts but we can also learn to be more aware of other unhelpful confidence trailing thoughts and beliefs we may hold why do not you try writing down a few positive thoughts on postage stickers and place them around your houses reminders practice reminding yourself the feelings of panic are as a result of the fight or flight response and that you are safe both physically and emotionally also remind yourself these feelings will pass and you can stand your ground no need to run away some people noticed that if they find something to focus on other than the panic then the anxious feelings for decide more rapidly you could try focusing on an object planting or a combination of these focus on and objects in your environment in campton for example lamppost or cars you could also try imagining yourself in a lovely relaxing place or situation you will find what works for you so do not give up keep trying it is important that you can begin to feel in charge of your feelings of panic now let me just recap on the main points a panic attack is simply an exaggeration of the body is normal fight or flight response you can make positive steps to overcome panic keep an open mind practice relaxation and breathing techniques daily practice mindfulness decide whether you need to make any lifestyle changes take time out to you and do the things that you enjoy doing finally most importantly to scope you you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q03WCXmp34

hey it's brett with summit auto and today i'm going to show you how to take your doors off of your jeep wrangler jl uh you can see we already got the hard top off of this one if you want to check out that video on how to take your hard top off it's in the on the right hand part of the screen so you're going to need a couple tools to take your doors off one is the tool kit that comes with the jeep wrangler you're going to need the t50 bit and your socket or your ratchet i should set uh this particular door removal process and then the second thing you're going to want to do is you're going to want to prep to make sure that you have a spot to put your doors because the last thing you want to do is be lifting a 50 pound door or 45 pound or whatever they weigh and not have any place to put it and then damage the bottom of your doors which will cause them to oxidize and all that stuff so get a 2x4 or something put it pretty close to the wall so you can lay the door on there and then lean it up against the wall and we'll get started right now so the first thing that you want to do before you undo any bolts or undo any quick disconnects is you're going to want to roll your windows down now this does two things it allows you to get a better grip on the door when you actually have it off and then it'll also protect your glass from running into anything and breaking while you're moving your doors so i always recommend rolling your windows down so that they're easier to transport and it's safer for the glass now the first thing you're going to do is we're going to take these front doors off first but you got to take the quick disconnect so as you can see there's a strap here which helps the door um not swing open all the way and then there's also the electrical so that the locks and the windows work so the first thing that you're going to want to do is you're going to want to pop this panel off like so there's two quick tabs like so now this is the tricky part you're going to want to take this red snap that's right here you're going to want to push that up and then the second thing there's a little tab right here that's the secret to this you push that end and then that top piece will come off like so so once it's all the way up that comes off like that there's a little strap here you put your door in just go like that and now your strap is off the next thing we're going to want to do is take off this hinge right here so that we can get the door fully off the vehicle all right so new on the jls is they have this bar right here which helps kind of hold the door in place in different spots it's kind of nice because what it does is it stops your door from swinging all the way open if you saw a lot of the jks come in unused when people would take the doors off they'd remove this strap the door would swing open and they'd dent their front fenders which happens i'm probably about half the used jeeps that we see come through as far as the jks go so you're going to want to grab your torx 40 wrench or your t40 get that into your ratchet right here then we're just going to take this piece off and once we get this off we can take our door hinge bolts out and you'll be able to lift this door right off and put in your pre-determined storage area all right now that we have our quick disconnects off and we also have our hinge off we'll be able to take these other door hinges off with a t50 and go in just like so but what i was telling you about before on the jks now that we have that hinge off this is what would happen on all the jks the doors would open and then they would swing the mirrors would swing into these fenders and then you'd get big dents on your fenders there so you just got to be careful once you have that hinge undone that you make sure that it doesn't swing open but if you stay on this side of the vehicle you shouldn't have a problem so you're going to want to get your socket and just get these guys up and don't worry about the door falling off because it slides on top of the holders there so once we get these out we'll show you how to take them off then you can take it to your predetermined spot for your doors all right so now that we got both the bolts actually they're kind of more like nuts than they are bolts you got both of those off i'll show you you can see that it actually there's like a female end there where it will screw into there but once we got both of those off we can lift the door right up and then we'll take it over to our assigned spot and then i'll show you how to get the back doors off all right now that we have them off both of those nuts um what we're going to do is uh if we come around to the back side here i'll show you what i'm doing on this side of the door there's actually a handle for the inside handle that you can grab and this is what makes having these doors off really nice so we're going to grab the handle here and then i'm actually going to grab the bottom of the door so if you want to come around to this side nice and low so you want to grab right here so that you get a good angle on this so they're not going to like go up so these just slide up like so and they come right off like that you can see once they came off it was pretty pretty easy so now i'm using the mirror to kind of hold it and support it and this you can store it like so other people put hangers on their walls that can support up to 50 pounds i believe these are right around 30 to 35 pounds but uh you can put supports on the wall making on the wall that's what i do with my old jk but that's how you get the front door off and now we'll take the back door off all right to get the back doors off it's pretty much same process as in the front there's just a couple little things that are different now the first thing you're going to want to do is take this front seat and slide it all the way forward so once you have that all the way forward then you have access to this panel right here there's two tabs on the bottom so kind of push on the bottom and then it'll slide down there's two holders right there and that piece kind of just hangs off to the side so once again you're going to have a quick disconnect in here there's a little tab a little gray tab press that in pull that down and that comes off just like so you're going to want to close your door a little bit so this piece comes off like that and then your next step is exactly the same as the front door you take this piece off you take your two nuts off the outside and then this lifts up just like the front one now this one's going to be a lot lighter than the front door because it doesn't have the mirror on it and it's a little bit smaller of a door so we'll do that in just a second you can check that out all right now we'll take our back door off we got all the nuts off we got the hinge off and we also have the quick disconnects off once again there's a handle on the back side that you're going to want to grab and then you're going to want to grab the bottom just make sure that these lift off nicely that you don't chip the paint once you've got it off so you know this door is a lot lighter let's say this one's probably about 25 pounds maybe 30. now i forgot to mention it on this door but what you're going to want to do is you're always going to want to put the painted side towards the wall in case it does fall over you're not going to damage the outside on your vehicle you want to make sure that you're nice and lined up there and then just store it like that make sure it's nice and square but that way you're never going to get any dents in your paint or your body um we're getting chips on it and that's how you do it we'll take the other dose off and then we'll go for a spin with all the doors and top off now that we got our top and our doors off it's time to take this thing for a spin and as always buckle your seatbelt let's go for a ride so i hope you enjoyed the video on how to take your doors off of your wrangler uh throughout the process this is the first jail that we've taken the doors off here at summit and personally for myself but uh just kind of one little pro tip uh for taking the doors off that you may want to incorporate while you're taking the doors off so the first thing is take these bolts off first i know in the video i may have taken the uh the hinge bolt off first take these out first so that they're loosened and it's just easier to get them out because the door is supported by the hinge or by the block on there so it's easier to get these out and then when you do take these off make sure that you have the door opened up all the way when you take this hinge off because if you close it you're not going to be able to get that hinge out and when you want to put the door back on it becomes very difficult so that's your pro tip of the day take these guys off first and then they hinge inside and leave the door open when you remove the door so hope you enjoy the video remember to like subscribe and share and click the bell notifications to get updates on all the videos that we do each and every day thanks again

hey it is brett with summit auto and today i am going to show you how to take your doors off of your jeep wrangler jl you can see we already got the hard top off of this one if you want to check out that video on how to take your hard top off it is in the on the right hand part of the screen so you are going to need a couple tools to take your doors off one is the tool kit that comes with the jeep wrangler you are going to need the t 50 bit and your socket or your ratchet i should set this particular door removal process and then the 2nd thing you are going to want to do is you are going to want to prep to make sure that you have a spot to put your doors because the last thing you want to do is be lifting a £50 door or £45 or whatever they weigh and not have any place to put it and then damage the bottom of your doors which will cause them to oxidize and all that stuff so get a 2 x 4 or something put it pretty close to the wall so you can lay the door on there and then lean it up against the wall and we will get started right now so the 1st thing that you want to do before you undo any bolts or undo any quick disconnects is you are going to want to roll your windows down now this does 2 things it allows you to get a better grip on the door when you actually have it off and then it will also protect your glass from running into anything and breaking while you are moving your doors so i always recommend rolling your windows down so that they are easier to transport and it is safer for the glass now the 1st thing you are going to do is we are going to take these front doors off 1st but you got to take the quick disconnect so as you can see there is a strap here which helps the door not swing open all the way and then there is also the electrical so that the locks and the windows work so the 1st thing that you are going to want to do is you are going to want to pop this panel off like so there is 2 quick tabs like so now this is the tricky part you are going to want to take this red snap that is right here you are going to want to push that up and then the 2nd thing there is a little tab right here that is the secret to this you push that end and then that top piece will come off like so so once it is all the way up that comes off like that there is a little strap here you put your door in just go like that and now your strap is off the next thing we are going to want to do is take off this hinge right here so that we can get the door fully off the vehicle all right so new on the jls is they have this bar right here which helps kind of hold the door in place in different spots it is kind of nice because what it does is it stops your door from swinging all the way open if you saw a lot of the jks come in unused when people would take the doors off they would remove this strap the door would swing open and they would dent their front fenders which happens i am probably about half the used jeeps that we see come through as far as the jks go so you are going to want to grab your torx 40 wrench or your t 40 get that into your ratchet right here then we are just going to take this piece off and once we get this off we can take our door hinge bolts out and you will be able to lift this door right off and put in your pre determined storage area all right now that we have our quick disconnects off and we also have our hinge off we will be able to take these other door hinges off with a t 50 and go in just like so but what i was telling you about before on the jks now that we have that hinge off this is what would happen on all the jks the doors would open and then they would swing the mirrors would swing into these fenders and then you would get big dents on your fenders there so you just got to be careful once you have that hinge undone that you make sure that it does not swing open but if you stay on this side of the vehicle you should not have a problem so you are going to want to get your socket and just get these guys up and do not worry about the door falling off because it slides on top of the holders there so once we get these out we will show you how to take them off then you can take it to your predetermined spot for your doors all right so now that we got both the bolts actually they are kind of more like nuts than they are bolts you got both of those off i will show you you can see that it actually there is like a female end there where it will screw into there but once we got both of those off we can lift the door right up and then we will take it over to our assigned spot and then i will show you how to get the back doors off all right now that we have them off both of those nuts what we are going to do is if we come around to the back side here i will show you what i am doing on this side of the door there is actually a handle for the inside handle that you can grab and this is what makes having these doors off really nice so we are going to grab the handle here and then i am actually going to grab the bottom of the door so if you want to come around to this side nice and low so you want to grab right here so that you get a good angle on this so they are not going to like go up so these just slide up like so and they come right off like that you can see once they came off it was pretty pretty easy so now i am using the mirror to kind of hold it and support it and this you can store it like so other people put hangers on their walls that can support up to £50 i believe these are right around 30 to £35 but you can put supports on the wall making on the wall that is what i do with my old jk but that is how you get the front door off and now we will take the back door off all right to get the back doors off it is pretty much same process as in the front there is just a couple little things that are different now the 1st thing you are going to want to do is take this front seat and slide it all the way forward so once you have that all the way forward then you have access to this panel right here there is 2 tabs on the bottom so kind of push on the bottom and then it will slide down there is 2 holders right there and that piece kind of just hangs off to the side so once again you are going to have a quick disconnect in here there is a little tab a little gray tab press that in pull that down and that comes off just like so you are going to want to close your door a little bit so this piece comes off like that and then your next step is exactly the same as the front door you take this piece off you take your 2 nuts off the outside and then this lifts up just like the front one now this one is going to be a lot lighter than the front door because it does not have the mirror on it and it is a little bit smaller of a door so we will do that in just a 2nd you can check that out all right now we will take our back door off we got all the nuts off we got the hinge off and we also have the quick disconnects off once again there is a handle on the back side that you are going to want to grab and then you are going to want to grab the bottom just make sure that these lift off nicely that you do not chip the paint once you have got it off so you know this door is a lot lighter let us say this one is probably about £25 maybe 30 now i forgot to mention it on this door but what you are going to want to do is you are always going to want to put the painted side towards the wall in case it does fall over you are not going to damage the outside on your vehicle you want to make sure that you are nice and lined up there and then just store it like that make sure it is nice and square but that way you are never going to get any dents in your paint or your body we are getting chips on it and that is how you do it we will take the other dose off and then we will go for a spin with all the doors and top off now that we got our top and our doors off it is time to take this thing for a spin and as always buckle your seatbelt let us go for a ride so i hope you enjoyed the video on how to take your doors off of your wrangler throughout the process this is the 1st jail that we have taken the doors off here at summit and personally for myself but just kind of one little pro tip for taking the doors off that you may want to incorporate while you are taking the doors off so the 1st thing is take these bolts off 1st i know in the video i may have taken the the hinge bolt off 1st take these out 1st so that they are loosened and it is just easier to get them out because the door is supported by the hinge or by the block on there so it is easier to get these out and then when you do take these off make sure that you have the door opened up all the way when you take this hinge off because if you close it you are not going to be able to get that hinge out and when you want to put the door back on it becomes very difficult so that is your pro tip of the day take these guys off 1st and then they hinge inside and leave the door open when you remove the door so hope you enjoy the video remember to like subscribe and share and click the bell notifications to get updates on all the videos that we do each and every day thanks again

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rz_w70_Oj_Y

hi everybody this is Michelle today is Monday September 5th 2016 and this is my CVS all for you looks a little boring doesn't it there isn't a lot going on this week and I think that's due to the labor day weekend we obviously did not have inserts this weekend because they they kind of do that normally on holiday weekends so yeah basically not a lot going on but what happened was I started to shop and then I came across the 75 percent off clearance aisle and I was just stunned I found toys galore basically and I went up to the redbox checking each one to make sure they were on sale and sure enough they were and so I just started feeling my cart my husband had to go grab me another car because mine was just chalked full now I will say you're going to want to check that video out I posted that last night it's the CBS seventy-five percent off coupon haul and look at all this stuff I found and I i would highly suggest going to check your CBS s out because if you can stock up on gifts for birthdays or even with the holidays coming for Christmas it's going to be a great thing because it's going to be less stress on you come to come that time of year you know so I start doing that because we are in September and before you know it it will be the holiday so little here little there is better than nothing so anyway this is my CVS haul the first thing I did was the newbie amends body wash they are by ten dollars worth and get a what was it a five-dollar ECB so basically what i did was i purchased three because i had There Were coupons on coupons calm for a dollar off each bottle so what I did was I bought three these are four dollars a piece and then when you spend the 10 you get a three dollar extra care buck well I had a to make sure I tell you the right one I had a three off attend body wash purchase so if you factor in the coupons the three one dollar coupons the three dollars off ten dollar body wash purchase coupon and then the fact that you get a three dollar ECB back it makes each bottle a dollar so for newbies body wash that's an awesome deal so if you want to print the coupons off coupons calm because if you want to get three of them you're going to need two devices because you're allowed to print twice from each device so I still have a body wash coupon so I'll try to get some more but we'll see so that was a great deal the kogi is buy one get one half off at my store one would be 679 and the other one was 339 getting me to the ten-dollar if you spend ten dollars on the mouthwash or toothpaste you get a five-dollar ECB I had two one dollar off coupons from I think it was last weekend's insert I used two of those and then I had a to office six dollar mouthwash purchase so basically I think made it like pennies sex for me for each of these so that was a great deal so if you have these redbox coupons it's going to make a better deal for you so that was awesome ok so the glue sticks were the six pack was a dollar 49 and then what happens was you purchased one and then you get a I think it was a dollar I irie flipped my ECPA so I think it was a dollar yes a dollar ecd back so it made them 49 cents not too bad not too shabby ok now the physicians formula now they have a deal going on right now where you spend was it twenty dollars on physicians formula you would get a ten-dollar ECB now i happen to have that had printed off last weekend a make sure i get got it right a five off of $15 physician formula coupon from the redbox last week so basically i bought two of these concealer I'm know what you call them like pen type things these were 1279 and then i used the five off of 15 so you know it took the five dollars off and then i also had a cosmetics purchase coupon which I could use also which took off another three off of fifteen dollars for makeup so it took off eight dollars from me so that was great and then I got my ten dollar ECB and i got these these are a little more pricier I didn't get the other ones because I had a bunch of the other like little concealer type things I didn't want to get that I got these ones so it made it a really good deal for me so it wasn't that was really good okay the venus razors when you bought two they were giving you back a six-dollar ECB i had make sure I give you the right one three off of a fifteen dollar venus razor purchase coupon i had two of those so it would take six dollars off and then I had two coupons that were three dollars off of a venus razor so that was twelve dollars off and these were 899 a piece and so then i got my six dollar back so that was an awesome deal um so that was cool so other than that that's pretty much that's pretty much what I did that's unless so far but like I said I concentrated on the seventy-five percent off clearance aisle because I really want to stock up my room for the holidays so I hope you guys are having a great labor day I hope you're all taking it easy or maybe you're starting to clean a bit before the winter hits that's what I'm doing today and hopefully I'll get out and do a little more shopping and some deals and i'll post those but if you have any questions leave them down below and also make sure you go check out that CVS haul that i did last night and post it for you I really highly suggest that you check out CVS for that clearance stuff because we're all trying to save money and it's well worth it alright guys have a great day and I'll talk to you soon love you and God bless

hi everybody this is michelle today is monday september 5th 2016 and this is my cvs all for you looks a little boring does not it there is not a lot going on this week and i think that is due to the labor day weekend we obviously did not have inserts this weekend because they they kind of do that normally on holiday weekends so yeah basically not a lot going on but what happened was i started to shop and then i came across the 75% off clearance aisle and i was just stunned i found toys galore basically and i went up to the redbox checking each one to make sure they were on sale and sure enough they were and so i just started feeling my cart my husband had to go grab me another car because mine was just chalked full now i will say you are going to want to check that video out i posted that last night it is the cbs 75% off coupon haul and look at all this stuff i found and i i would highly suggest going to check your cbs s out because if you can stock up on gifts for birthdays or even with the holidays coming for christmas it is going to be a great thing because it is going to be less stress on you come to come that time of year you know so i start doing that because we are in september and before you know it it will be the holiday so little here little there is better than nothing so anyway this is my cvs haul the 1st thing i did was the newbie amends body wash they are by $10 worth and get a what was it a $5 ecb so basically what i did was i purchased 3 because i had there were coupons on coupons calm for a dollar off each bottle so what i did was i bought 3 these are $4 a piece and then when you spend the 10 you get a $3 extra care buck well i had a to make sure i tell you the right one i had a 3 off attend body wash purchase so if you factor in the coupons the $31 coupons the $3 off $10 body wash purchase coupon and then the fact that you get a $3 ecb back it makes each bottle a dollar so for newbies body wash that is an awesome deal so if you want to print the coupons off coupons calm because if you want to get 3 of them you are going to need 2 devices because you are allowed to print twice from each device so i still have a body wash coupon so i will try to get some more but we will see so that was a great deal the kogi is buy one get one half off at my store one would be 679 and the other one was 339 getting me to the $10 if you spend $10 on the mouthwash or toothpaste you get a $5 ecb i had $21 off coupons from i think it was last weekend is insert i used 2 of those and then i had a to office $6 mouthwash purchase so basically i think made it like pennies sex for me for each of these so that was a great deal so if you have these redbox coupons it is going to make a better deal for you so that was awesome ok so the glue sticks were the 6 pack was a dollar 49 and then what happens was you purchased one and then you get a i think it was a dollar i irie flipped my ecpa so i think it was a dollar yes a dollar ecd back so it made them ¢49 not too bad not too shabby ok now the physicians formula now they have a deal going on right now where you spend was it $20 on physicians formula you would get a $10 ecb now i happen to have that had printed off last weekend a make sure i get got it right a 5 off of $15 physician formula coupon from the redbox last week so basically i bought 2 of these concealer i am know what you call them like pen type things these were 1279 and then i used the 5 off of 15 so you know it took the $5 off and then i also had a cosmetics purchase coupon which i could use also which took off another 3 off of $15 for makeup so it took off $8 from me so that was great and then i got my $10 ecb and i got these these are a little more pricier i did not get the other ones because i had a bunch of the other like little concealer type things i did not want to get that i got these ones so it made it a really good deal for me so it was not that was really good okay the venus razors when you bought 2 they were giving you back a $6 ecb i had make sure i give you the right 13 off of a $15 venus razor purchase coupon i had 2 of those so it would take $6 off and then i had 2 coupons that were $3 off of a venus razor so that was $12 off and these were 899 a piece and so then i got my $6 back so that was an awesome deal so that was cool so other than that that is pretty much that is pretty much what i did that is unless so far but like i said i concentrated on the 75% off clearance aisle because i really want to stock up my room for the holidays so i hope you guys are having a great labor day i hope you are all taking it easy or maybe you are starting to clean a bit before the winter hits that is what i am doing today and hopefully i will get out and do a little more shopping and some deals and i will post those but if you have any questions leave them down below and also make sure you go check out that cvs haul that i did last night and post it for you i really highly suggest that you check out cvs for that clearance stuff because we are all trying to save money and it is well worth it alright guys have a great day and i will talk to you soon love you and god bless

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehl00Cydl5g

um I'm not I we're going to make this happen again I presume we're g to we're going to do further interviews let's make this a thing yeah that'd be wonderful okay does anybody have any more questions um Jay asked how many kids do you think are part of the program let's say this I want everybody to understand that um when I shut down the precidio military base and consequently shut down the largest human traffic human child trafficking operation in the world which was con operated by the US Army in particular but all other branches of service tangentially I want people to understand that the military retorted uh by damage control they established What's called the month of the military child and if you ever take a look at the month of the military child it's in April look up the month of the military child ask yourself when it started you'll find out it started after the pridal military base was closed after Doug Dietrich had it shut down this was their damage control that they put through Congress and then you'll see them bragging about our um thousands of daycare centers thousands are the role model for daycare centers worldwide I mean first off ask yourself this question we all know that war is is essentially inescapable we know that nation states ultimately need militaries it's silly to say they don't because obviously if you don't other nations will March in uh we do know that there are Warrior cultures the yunkers of Germany the samurai of Japan America does not have that it has what's called a quote unquote professional military well whatever military you've got understand understand that the whole purpose of a military I'm certain we all agree is to break things and kill people and otherwise you don't have a military you've got something like a Peace Corp um so if you want to help people in humanitarian Aid you develop a peace core something like that but a military it's to break things and kill people and I think we can all agree that whatever ever else a war machine might be it should never be a family environment so when you've got the US military touting the month of the military child and bragging about we got thousands of daycare centers all over the world and oh they're the model for daycare centers worldwide ask yourself why why does our military have daycare centers the very Insanity of what what I'm saying should echo through your mind and force you to confront the insanity of the military hun which runs your culture so this is what needs to be confronted is how many children too many but one thing I can tell you when I was involved with the military thousands of children were being trafficked we had a daycare center that was capable of caring for 1,500 children at any given time and we had families transferring in and out of the pridal military base regularly so at any given time you'd have a thousand kids in this daycare center and the half a hundred kids that were infected by Gary Willard hamite alone think of all the others infected by so many other people participating in this in this abuse this pimping out of children to people who came in to have sex with them uh which is what the kids were reporting being taken home to other people's homes being taken home to a Kino's home uh you have these kids by the thousands in precidio alone and we're talking with on a regular basis so ultimately you I'd have to say the tens of thousands of kids were essentially trafficked pimped out prostituted VI the the precidio daycare center system and you put in all the other military bases think of what I described at West Point uh ask yourself have you ever seen in General like a politician or some quote unquote successful individual who said I was raised on a military base have you ever met anyone ever in your life who has ever said I was raised on a military base now the scary thing is there are people who are born on a base and die on a base these people exist are they anyone you would ever want to meet I would wager not they're the product of a sick welfare state in which they're born on a base join the military die on a base it is this is not healthy this is your professional military that's not professionalism that's a cult what you have is an armed cult that is effectively running your nation as a hun running your culture so uh I would say that pretty much every child that is born into the system is in one way or another a part of that system exploited if they're not being directly abused they wind up enabling A system that condones and expedites and ultimately traffics and this abuse I think next time too we'll go into about the um the finders and about a lot of that um but we'll have to have that for another time absolutely and we'll schedule that um I think I think everyone has okay I hope you guys enjoyed this stream Mr dri please tell them give them um tell them about your books real quick yes and um where they can find those tell them about your website and then um and about your own YouTube channel that you run and any other information they can where they can find more thank you um thanks to Jennifer Hawkins the young lady who made this possible she's a she's a hero and uh make certain you maintain her in thoughts and prayers she will come under further attack or approach by these elements in the future I'm sure uh but I also know she's strong and stands against them uh with your help your thoughts and prayers she'll stay strong and uh resist the call call of cthulu the call of chaos uh so when it comes to uh myself I have a website that I um I'm no longer really putting anything on uh but I will I hope to ultimately return to doing so it's full of all kinds of information though incredible yes it has articles and by all means access those articles that are on there by all means thank you Jennifer and uh yeah so Douglas d.com uh so that's easy douglas.com and aside from that uh my YouTube channel is Douglas Dietrich so yeah look up Douglas Dietrich on YouTube when you find the Asian guy you know you're there um the Asian guy with blue eyes uh they're actually it's actually Alexandria's Genesis they're they're actually um more of a shade of phosphate purple or something but than that they're lovely oh you're very kind oh bless you honey uh and you're you're gorgeous it's been wonderful having you to this and your books your books yes my books uh the Roswell Des ception uh and the demystification of World War II that's a single book with a non get that too sometime I hope I can interview about absolutely yeah and so the Roswell deception look that up on Amazon or buy it from skybooks USA and also vampy uh spelled v m pyrology yeah so vamper ly and that is uh again Amazon.com or skybooks USA uh yeah might as well order it directly from skybooks USA when you can Amazon fine you know just uh make certain that you spread the word and uh by all means uh Nemo says could you tell the listeners to look up DDD archive 1 and two on Odyssey so yes um odyssey.com uh I do want people to understand that there's been a backup of a lot of my videos that are no longer on YouTube or censored by YouTube so this is on Odyssey to find more of my content uh DDD archive that's D do D do d apparently no dot D.D do D archive one and two on Odyssey now one of these is from John Warrington I believe or they might both be by Nemo Albano um and so he's typing some more stuff here um and um Jennifer you you have the patience of a saint I pray you get enough rest are you going to get enough rest tonight before your work tomorrow um it'll be fine it'll and and and do I do want people to understand she will us uh Jennifer will remind us the next time she and I are getting together which hopefully will be within a month or two we're going to um Talk also about Frank Borman what he had to do with aino and may Brussel and how I had to contact him and uh May Brussel both and how Michael Lino was attempting to destroy them both and why and um so we'll we'll get into that next time as well as the time that Michael Kino sent me to the Soviet Union so I was dispatched to the Soviet Union to meet Alexander Dugan who was a guest often times of Alex Jones and who was also often introduced by Alex Alex Jones as Putin's brain and also how I was interviewed by Sha Stone who wound up converting to Michael ao's cause uh his father father Oliver Stone became an aino acolyte by force uh basically aino got control of uh uh ol Stone through his son Shawn Stone because his son compromised himself by repeating what I had to say without context and on Alex Jones which got him compromised by Michael aino so all that hopefully we'll remember next time I'm just writing I'm just saying this so we can write I'm I am going to and then um we'll come back to it so we're not picking up or repeat you know going so we're kind of just gonna pick it up right here not right here directly but they're going to begin to address those things and go further into because there's so much more about the occult in World War II and then more about the Temple of there's just so much there's just so much actually and this could have gone on but um for me yeah but for me for you for you no I was just going to say I'm sorry before I forgot before it dribbles out of my ears we do want to remind people that uh both juli and Assange was connected to an aino run cult as well Shany Nikon in Australia we'll get into that hopefully as well as uh Michael snowden's connection or um Edward snowden's connection uh I can't even remember his full name I triy to bleach it out of my mind but please let's Jennifer have the last word um uh believe me I I can't thank you enough you're incredible the what you you I was actually going to say that you're incredible and um everything this information is just I want to say again whenever I found um it was I couldn't believe that I had you know was able to get to talk with with you I think people don't understand how like how um how how incredible to be hearing these accounts from you are um it's completely it's um invaluable it's it's amazing Priceless information that that you have and and what's interesting because I've taken everything that you that I have heard you referen to and mention and I have looked up um since we've been visiting over the last couple of weeks or so looked up so much of this and it's just unbelievable just the level of this that you the information that you have and I hope that we will and so I appreciate it so much and thank you so much for sharing it with everyone and um I'm very glad that I know this was tedious and that it was it did not go smoothly at first but I promise you it um I think next well I hope the next time it will be easier to get started with it and then um we can just continue to um hear your your your experiences let's put it this way Jennifer what our audience needs to understand is uh we're going to hope for the best but you've all got to expect the worst because when it comes to anytime we try to initiate these discussions the enemy does everything they can to discourage us they want to destroy our morale so that we never do this again this is why they attack all sides in terms of the technological Communications this is n a at work so this is this is truly uh a technical assault and uh it's a dedicated cyber assault and uh they have the means of doing this uh and it also involves a form of occult attack as well don't not doubt that that's simply a form of Applied quantum mechanics so we will have to get into that too I wish we could get into that right now but I think it's but otherwise because that's gonna but I I really want to give it a lot of time to hear that um what you're going to say about the quantum mechanics of the magic itself so that people can hear a lot about the um nle the N Engle Circle and just the the the way that the more about that and I think we could go into a little of that and um you could explain some of that to people in a in a way of course if you'd like I'd be happy to and uh so um uh Jen you're an angel you're uh you're more than Earth deserves you're amazing Mr Dietrich and thank you so much and um I'm going to come over here and I'll probably let me make sure there's nobody let me see here I think everybody really enjoyed this and um you guys have a great night and thank you so much for staying with us this is a again um I'm Jenna Arana with the troubled Minds radio network kuap and this was Mr Douglas Dietrich first interview and I hope everyone has a wonderful evening Day morning and thank you so much for being with us good night

i am not i we are going to make this happen again i presume we are g to we are going to do further interviews let us make this a thing yeah that would be wonderful okay does anybody have any more questions jay asked how many kids do you think are part of the program let us say this i want everybody to understand that when i shut down the precidio military base and consequently shut down the largest human traffic human child trafficking operation in the world which was con operated by the us army in particular but all other branches of service tangentially i want people to understand that the military retorted by damage control they established what is called the month of the military child and if you ever take a look at the month of the military child it is in april look up the month of the military child ask yourself when it started you will find out it started after the pridal military base was closed after doug dietrich had it shut down this was their damage control that they put through congress and then you will see them bragging about our 1000s of daycare centers 1000s are the role model for daycare centers worldwide i mean 1st off ask yourself this question we all know that war is is essentially inescapable we know that nation states ultimately need militaries it is silly to say they do not because obviously if you do not other nations will march in we do know that there are warrior cultures the yunkers of germany the samurai of japan america does not have that it has what is called a quote unquote professional military well whatever military you have got understand understand that the whole purpose of a military i am certain we all agree is to break things and kill people and otherwise you do not have a military you have got something like a peace corp so if you want to help people in humanitarian aid you develop a peace core something like that but a military it is to break things and kill people and i think we can all agree that whatever ever else a war machine might be it should never be a family environment so when you have got the us military touting the month of the military child and bragging about we got 1000s of daycare centers all over the world and 0 they are the model for daycare centers worldwide ask yourself why why does our military have daycare centers the very insanity of what what i am saying should echo through your mind and force you to confront the insanity of the military hun which runs your culture so this is what needs to be confronted is how many children too many but one thing i can tell you when i was involved with the military 1000s of children were being trafficked we had a daycare center that was capable of caring for 1500 children at any given time and we had families transferring in and out of the pridal military base regularly so at any given time you would have a 1000 kids in this daycare center and the half a 100 kids that were infected by gary willard hamite alone think of all the others infected by so many other people participating in this in this abuse this pimping out of children to people who came in to have sex with them which is what the kids were reporting being taken home to other people is homes being taken home to a kino is home you have these kids by the 1000s in precidio alone and we are talking with on a regular basis so ultimately you i would have to say the 10s of 1000s of kids were essentially trafficked pimped out prostituted vi the the precidio daycare center system and you put in all the other military bases think of what i described at west point ask yourself have you ever seen in general like a politician or some quote unquote successful individual who said i was raised on a military base have you ever met anyone ever in your life who has ever said i was raised on a military base now the scary thing is there are people who are born on a base and die on a base these people exist are they anyone you would ever want to meet i would wager not they are the product of a sick welfare state in which they are born on a base join the military die on a base it is this is not healthy this is your professional military that is not professionalism that is a cult what you have is an armed cult that is effectively running your nation as a hun running your culture so i would say that pretty much every child that is born into the system is in one way or another a part of that system exploited if they are not being directly abused they wind up enabling a system that condones and expedites and ultimately traffics and this abuse i think next time too we will go into about the the finders and about a lot of that but we will have to have that for another time absolutely and we will schedule that i think i think everyone has okay i hope you guys enjoyed this stream mister dri please tell them give them tell them about your books real quick yes and where they can find those tell them about your website and then and about your own youtube channel that you run and any other information they can where they can find more thank you thanks to jennifer hawkins the young lady who made this possible she is a she is a hero and make certain you maintain her in thoughts and prayers she will come under further attack or approach by these elements in the future i am sure but i also know she is strong and stands against them with your help your thoughts and prayers she will stay strong and resist the call call of cthulu the call of chaos so when it comes to myself i have a website that i i am no longer really putting anything on but i will i hope to ultimately return to doing so it is full of all kinds of information though incredible yes it has articles and by all means access those articles that are on there by all means thank you jennifer and yeah so douglas d com so that is easy douglas com and aside from that my youtube channel is douglas dietrich so yeah look up douglas dietrich on youtube when you find the asian guy you know you are there the asian guy with blue eyes they are actually it is actually alexandria is genesis they are they are actually more of a shade of phosphate purple or something but than that they are lovely 0 you are very kind 0 bless you honey and you are you are gorgeous it has been wonderful having you to this and your books your books yes my books the roswell des ception and the demystification of world war ii that is a single book with a non get that too sometime i hope i can interview about absolutely yeah and so the roswell deception look that up on amazon or buy it from skybooks usa and also vampy spelled v m pyrology yeah so vamper ly and that is again amazon com or skybooks usa yeah might as well order it directly from skybooks usa when you can amazon fine you know just make certain that you spread the word and by all means nemo says could you tell the listeners to look up ddd archive one and 2 on odyssey so yes odyssey com i do want people to understand that there has been a backup of a lot of my videos that are no longer on youtube or censored by youtube so this is on odyssey to find more of my content ddd archive that is d do d do d apparently no dot d d do d archive one and 2 on odyssey now one of these is from john warrington i believe or they might both be by nemo albano and so he is typing some more stuff here and jennifer you you have the patience of a saint i pray you get enough rest are you going to get enough rest tonight before your work tomorrow it will be fine it will and and and do i do want people to understand she will us jennifer will remind us the next time she and i are getting together which hopefully will be within a month or 2 we are going to talk also about frank borman what he had to do with aino and may brussel and how i had to contact him and may brussel both and how michael lino was attempting to destroy them both and why and so we will we will get into that next time as well as the time that michael kino sent me to the soviet union so i was dispatched to the soviet union to meet alexander dugan who was a guest often times of alex jones and who was also often introduced by alex alex jones as putin is brain and also how i was interviewed by sha stone who wound up converting to michael ao is cause his father father oliver stone became an aino acolyte by force basically aino got control of ol stone through his son shawn stone because his son compromised himself by repeating what i had to say without context and on alex jones which got him compromised by michael aino so all that hopefully we will remember next time i am just writing i am just saying this so we can write i am i am going to and then we will come back to it so we are not picking up or repeat you know going so we are kind of just going to pick it up right here not right here directly but they are going to begin to address those things and go further into because there is so much more about the occult in world war ii and then more about the temple of there is just so much there is just so much actually and this could have gone on but for me yeah but for me for you for you no i was just going to say i am sorry before i forgot before it dribbles out of my ears we do want to remind people that both juli and assange was connected to an aino run cult as well shany nikon in australia we will get into that hopefully as well as michael snowden is connection or edward snowden is connection i can not even remember his full name i triy to bleach it out of my mind but please let us jennifer have the last word believe me i i can not thank you enough you are incredible the what you you i was actually going to say that you are incredible and everything this information is just i want to say again whenever i found it was i could not believe that i had you know was able to get to talk with with you i think people do not understand how like how how how incredible to be hearing these accounts from you are it is completely it is invaluable it is it is amazing priceless information that that you have and and what is interesting because i have taken everything that you that i have heard you referen to and mention and i have looked up since we have been visiting over the last couple of weeks or so looked up so much of this and it is just unbelievable just the level of this that you the information that you have and i hope that we will and so i appreciate it so much and thank you so much for sharing it with everyone and i am very glad that i know this was tedious and that it was it did not go smoothly at 1st but i promise you it i think next well i hope the next time it will be easier to get started with it and then we can just continue to hear your your your experiences let us put it this way jennifer what our audience needs to understand is we are going to hope for the best but you have all got to expect the worst because when it comes to anytime we try to initiate these discussions the enemy does everything they can to discourage us they want to destroy our morale so that we never do this again this is why they attack all sides in terms of the technological communications this is n a at work so this is this is truly a technical assault and it is a dedicated cyber assault and they have the means of doing this and it also involves a form of occult attack as well do not not doubt that that is simply a form of applied quantum mechanics so we will have to get into that too i wish we could get into that right now but i think it is but otherwise because that is going to but i i really want to give it a lot of time to hear that what you are going to say about the quantum mechanics of the magic itself so that people can hear a lot about the nle the n engle circle and just the the the way that the more about that and i think we could go into a little of that and you could explain some of that to people in a in a way of course if you would like i would be happy to and so jen you are an angel you are you are more than earth deserves you are amazing mister dietrich and thank you so much and i am going to come over here and i will probably let me make sure there is nobody let me see here i think everybody really enjoyed this and you guys have a great night and thank you so much for staying with us this is a again i am jenna arana with the troubled minds radio network kuap and this was mister douglas dietrich 1st interview and i hope everyone has a wonderful evening day morning and thank you so much for being with us good night

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1OIMrobM2U

do with these programs when i talk about office software the most basic type is operating systems this is the actual program that runs your computer that access the accesses files and launches programs we also often talk about word processing for writing letters or emails talking about spreadsheets used for forms and calculations i'll show you flow charts when you want to draw a diagram or do mind mapping i'll show you about how to make presentations like this for slide shows i'll show you how to use a project software when you need complex ordered lists for project management the most important really for office is communication email and instant messengers and other ways to contact people and online meetings such as webex net meetings skype and vue that will allow you to meet people remotely and get office meetings done now first let's talk about operating systems uh the types of operating systems you're probably familiar with is windows os x which is used for macintosh linux and unix personally i am a windows user so i want to show you a few tips on how to use windows more effectively first off is using your desktop and shortcuts now um i have often worked at a big corporations where all the important files are buried in a network drive somewhere maybe 10 folders down and drive x and if you navigate to them every single time you need them it will take a lot of time a much quicker way to do this is to create a folder for your shortcuts so that you can quickly access all your files now when i go to the desktop also show you uh the more icons you have on your desktop the more it will slow down your computer as every time you go to your desktop it has to draw all these little icons now here's a folder i created called shortcuts and this is where i like to put a shortcut say for my office or for my job and we'll go down in here to my work folder and say i need to access uh in my employee handbook regularly i can actually go in here right click it click create shortcut and you'll see this little shortcut appeared at the bottom i can now actually drag and drop that to my shortcuts folder it looks like i'm going to need to go back so i'm actually another way is i can cut this shortcut let's go back to my shortcut folder and i will paste it and there we go now whenever i need my handbook it's right on the desktop and i can just go right down here to my shortcuts and access it now an even handier tool on windows is the quick launch bar um and this is down on the bottom right next to your start menu if you're in windows xp it gives you little tiny icons here and windows 7 it gives you these much larger icons what this is for is if you want to take these shortcuts you can actually drag them down onto your bar and you can pin them here so that anytime you need that folder it is right there and ready to access but really handy for uh software um when i've worked at corporations we may have three chat programs and all these office programs that i will put down here in my quick launch bar making it really fast for me to launch the program and again getting these icons off my desktop so it stops slowing down my computer uh the start menu a really good way to use windows is to reorganize your start menu if we go back here to my desktop and you look at the start menu you'll see that all the programs are organized by the manufacturer by the company that made them and i really would prefer them to be organized by the type of program that i'm using so the way you do that is you can go to all programs right click it and click open uh we'll double go into programs and here is some of the folders that are in my start menu now what i like to do is create folders for the types of programs again i'll create a folder for audio a folder for pictures a folder for video programs and uh probably most importantly a folder for internet so you can right click here go to new go to folder and i'm going to name this folder internet and there's a couple different types of internet software i have my internet browsers so i'm going to make another folder called browsers and then i'm going to make a folder called chat as i have several different chat programs and i might also put one in here for webcam since i often have different programs for my webcam i'm going to close this down now notice when i go back into my start menu you will see here is my internet folder with my browser chat and webcam folders now i can actually go here and i'm going to grab yahoo messenger i'm going to drag it up here and i'm going to put it in this chat folder here we go move to chat unable to create folder chat okay well it did not like that one let's move a different one uh i'm gonna move um i have these google apps and here's google talk this is another chat program i like to use you just put it down here and we'll go with some of my browsers here's my google chrome i'm going to put that right in the browser i'm going to also add internet explorer i can drag that down to my browsers now when i'm done i'm organizing my start menu i'm not going to organize it all in this class but when i'm done i will usually only have about five folders in my start menu and i can find everything really fast as it will be all organized underneath the type of software and not who manufactures it now some really important shortcuts on windows i'm going to show you here first is control alt delete you're probably familiar with this one anytime your computer locks up where you have a program that's not working right now if you control delete you'll pull up the screen in windows 7 or it'll actually pull up the task manager in windows xp the first tab shows applications these are all the programs that are running right now so if you need an end into program you can just uh click end task and it will close that out if your computer is locked up you can go to processes and i usually will sort by cpu to see what program is using the most power and here is my recorder program that's actually recording this class or you can sort by memory and see which programs are taking the most memory and then if you click end process it will kill that program and your computer a lot of times will come back to life again uh screen capture is also really useful especially if you have an error in a program that you need to send to a programmer or to your itt department or if you're just trying to capture something on your entire screen you can hit control alt and print screen which is uh up on upper right hand side of your keyboard and what i do is i actually i'll go down here and start microsoft paint and then i'll just paste my screen in here so here's a a picture of the screen i just did of my powerpoint i can actually capture this screen again and now we have a window within a window and then you can actually crop it down to the size you want um whatever your error is that you need to send out uh to people so that is a really handy tip now if you do a lot of copying and pasting or moving files trying to rearrange things it's really handy to know the shortcuts to copy which is ctrl c or to paste which is ctrl v or undo things this works in almost every program to control z will undo your last whatever change you made if you do actually it's not control d this is windows d it'll take you to your desktop that's how i keep flipping to my desktop um and also windows e to get to your computer so i have these two wrong and i will update those in the handout that's attached to this class now when i'm talking about the office software i really want you to keep in mind offline versus online now traditionally we have always worked with offline software for microsoft office of course all the office programs before the internet the nice thing about offline programs is that you can access them even when you don't have internet access just a laptop in your office program and you can start up and start working on your documents it's only accessible from one specific drive so that makes it a lot more secure you know where it's at you know nobody's accessing it you can share the file on an internal network so you can post it out on a network drive you can also email it if you need to share it online but that's really the only way to share an offline document is to email it as i said you can link to these documents if there's out on a network drive you can send a link to people on the same network there's a lot of support for offline programs microsoft office has been around a very long time so it's familiar to most people a huge problem of course with offline programs is if your hard drive goes bad or the file gets corrupted that file is gone you've lost it and there's really no way to re get your work back if you send the file out to somebody else and they don't have the same program they can't open the file and sometimes that's even with the same program if you send a microsoft word 2010 document to somebody who's using uh microsoft word 1997 they're not going to be able to open the file and then also files will display this differently in different programs so if you send me a word file and i open it up in uh open office or somewhere else it may not show up the same now online um also has many good good things and bad things about it first thing is that it's accessible on the internet from any computer it doesn't matter where you are if you do your office work to an online program you can go log into your phone afterwards or go to a friend's house and use their computer uh so the second point i have is you can access it on your smartphone that's really handy uh if you are a traveling a business person and constantly need to look at things that you're working on in the office uh you don't have to worry about your computer crashing if your computer crashes and you are working on an online document it will all still be there still be online uh you might just lose whatever the very last changes uh when your computer crashed it's also really easy to share online documents as long as the people you're working with have internet access and you can control the access you can give specific people rights to get into your documents and either just look at them or edit them there's also lots of very specific tools online that will make things easier for instance you can make a quiz in microsoft word but there are actually really simple programs online that will create quizzes for you and then you don't have to fight with the formatting and trying to get pictures in and all that the programs will be much more specific to your use uh now some problems with online is that if you want to attach an online document to an email you have to send them a link and of course if they're offline or their internet's down or the website is down they will not be able to get to the file another big problem is that there's not much familiarity by users uh using online programs so there's not a whole lot of support if you're using an online program but they're all very easy to use and rather intuitive so first let's talk about word processors the biggest one people know about is microsoft word or maybe microsoft works which kind of has word tied into it another common one is open office write and open office is a open source program so it's free to everyone you can download it for free where microsoft word costs money you need to buy the microsoft office package and then there's also google's offering which is google docs an online office program and uh there's a really good one out there for creating quizzes called quizzinator.com and another really uh common word processor is wordpad it's on every single windows and if you don't have microsoft word you at least have wordpad which will help you to write letters and emails so main features of word processing is that you can format your words you can bold italic change the size of the words you can also embed images and graphs into your document so you can have graphs and kind of tell a story or or give a dialogue and then word processing usually has spell check as well so if you make any spelling mistakes you can fix it and usually has mail merge which allows you to use a spreadsheet to say pull up a list of addresses and insert them into letters so you don't have to write a thousand letters you can just write one letter and then do a mail merge to have it sent out to every person on your list now i'm going to show you just real quick a little bit of a text document now this is open office as i said this is an open source program you can get it openoffice.org and one thing i want to reiterate is that all of these programs are very very similar there's not a whole lot of difference between open office rider which is right here and you can see at the top we have our file and edit and various uh formatting things i'm going to switch over here to microsoft word now you see it's it's a little bit different it's a little prettier but it is the exact same functions um still have bold and all of our formatting and everything and i'll hop over here actually to google documents as well and let's see um here we are in google documents and i'll create a new document and again there again the exact same here's all your your formatting so uh whatever you want to write you can put in here and then you can change that highlight it make it bold or italic underline it change the color whatever you need there's also a lot of times tools in here to help you create certain types of programs especially in microsoft word there's things to help you build resumes or write lists whatever you need now one thing i do want to just show you is that i like to use google documents for things like my shopping list a lot of times i write out my shopping list while i'm at home and then when i go to the grocery store i'll pull out my phone and access my shopping list on google docs and just see what i had typed on my computer it's a lot easier for me than writing down a list and crossing it off and everything and i can also share this with other people if i was sending somebody else shopping i could send them a link to this program so they could go and buy what i need them to buy okay let's move on here next i'm going to talk about spreadsheets now spreadsheets are really what made computers uh what they are today businesses got into spreadsheets because they automatically add up numbers so you can do automatic calculations you don't have to worry that you added something wrong you just have to type the number in there correctly and make sure you make your formula right the most uh common is microsoft excel for spreadsheets it's used by just about every corporation i've ever worked at but some alternatives are also open office they have one called calc and google has one called google spreadsheets the key features of a spreadsheet is that it has columns and rows where you can add numbers put column headers and put different types of formulas you can format your different columns so you can bold things change the colors color the cells you can put calculations to automatically add up different columns or even pull numbers from other spreadsheets for doing reporting especially at one job i was able to automate a report that took my boss about two weeks to make and with excel i was able to automate it completely so that this report would generate just by opening up the spreadsheet you can also add graphs and charts into an excel it will take a bunch of numbers and it can generate pie graphs and bar graphs and other sorts of graphs to show people your data visually now let's just show you real quick uh what a spreadsheet looks like and some basic operations of it now again i'm going to go to google documents here i'm really a big fan of google documents and let's see cancel let's get out of this and google documents i'm going to create a spreadsheet now as i said in a spreadsheet you have your columns here going up and down named abcdefg and your rose which will number one through uh 66 000 or something like that and uh what i often do is you go in here you can put in your header and i'll put it in another header so you can classify what each column is yet another header and you can grab the columns and stretch them so they're whatever size you need same thing with the rows you can grab a row and stretch it if you want to be bigger or smaller you can highlight a whole row and say change the size of the words for the point size or you can make them bold and then we'll do a quick equation let's say i'm just going to type some random numbers in here just to show you uh what this can do 86 9 20 55 okay so here we have a list of numbers uh if i want to add these up i could whip out a calculator and add them up but a much easier way is to actually go on here and this uh i can click this little thing here that's um it gives you an option of what the different uh equations are or you can type in equals sum and i'm actually going to high oops excuse me so when you click this i'll click sum and you'll notice it automatically is trying to move my cursor in there and i can select what i want to add and hit enter and it will automatically add this up even better i can copy and paste and it will automatically move my equations you'll see the equation up here says b2 to b6 so column b row 2 to b6 so whatever i add here is automatically going to be added up so you can see how in a business where you have a lot of numbers this makes accounting so much easier when you have the computer add up the numbers and you just have to make sure that you typed in the right numbers um and then you can do grand totals again i'll do a sum of these three and hit enter and there we go so i can do all sorts of really neat tricks with these different equations and if you wanted to learn more about spreadsheets you can just go out and look up excel equations or spreadsheet equations and there are some pretty great ones where you can do all sorts of math and functions okay moving on i'm going to show you flow charts now flowcharts are used when you want to draw a diagram to try to explain how a process works or explain your idea the most commonly used in offices is microsoft vizio openoffice has one called draw that's pretty much the same and google also has one called google drawing i found one even better that i like online called lucidcharts and i'm going to actually show you an example of that one again these flowcharts all really work the same the way the programs are the key features is that you can use boxes and shapes so you can draw out your different ideas you can format the text so you can get bolds and italics and different fonts you can draw lines to connect your different boxes and you can add backgrounds to make a your flowchart look pretty so let's uh show you again an example i'm going to pull up lucidcharts as i said this is one of my favorites for using online and we're going to create a new document just so i can show you what it looks like whenever you create a new flowchart it will ask you what type of flowchart you want and i'm just going to show you a simple blank flowchart and show you the basics of how this works so i'm going to just say name document i don't have a name for it so first off uh you would want to drag and drop and put a title on here so title of my flow chart and again i can go in here and i can set the point size and make this however big and fancy as i want um and i can drag it and resize it uh usually we'll start with a little box here it's our process and let's say um my first process is to create a list of things to do and then i will actually put in the different things that i want to do where i could put in uh go running and maybe i need to put a list of tasks the things i'm gonna do to go running so i need to put on running shoes and uh i'll need to decide where to run run maybe i want to put the process to say this little diamond here is for questions is it cold outside and then i will put what happens if it is and what happens if it isn't so let's say here put jacket on and if it's warm i will put shorts on okay now let's uh connect some lines here there's actually a couple different ways you can connect lines this program is really nice because you can just drag and drop what you want some programs you have to actually go up and pick your line tool so i'm going to go down here and notice i can just draw my arrows like so and then uh oops these are actually backwards is it cold outside yes and if it's not cold outside no now the biggest thing this is used for is actually to uh draw out um software to how software is going to work what happens when you click on a certain button or what software talks to or if we draw system charts to show all the different computer systems and what data they send back and forth we'll usually do that in a flowchart such as this and i'll show you uh just real quick here's a couple flowcharts i've made i do music composition so i kind of drew out a little flowchart of one way that i come up with music and uh so i just kind of show the process of how i come up with things and this really writing down the process and drawing it helps you see where you can make improvements what you can add how you can make things better one of the best ways to drive change at a company all right let's move on uh now i want to show you about presentations like what i'm using now to show you this uh slideshow which is microsoft powerpoint again the industry standard openoffice of course has their own called presentation and google has one also called presentation very creative names key features of a powerpoint presentation type program is that you can do a slideshow such as this you can also do text formatting you can animate things you can embed images and tables you can add backgrounds really makes a nice a little slideshow here for when you want to teach or when you want to show a group of your co-workers or your executives reports or analyzations of your company or whatever they're asking you to do now i'm going to pop over here into powerpoint just to show you real quick what this looks like now powerpoint um really is a lot it's a lot like word where you can just go in here and type in what you need you can let's see why don't i create a new one just go blank presentation when you create one of these first it will pull up a title here's my title uh your subtitle subtitle here there we go and when you want to add a new slide you just go over here right click say new slide and i can go back and forth this is my first slide and then here i can add my pictures or words or graphs whatever you need to add um one of the best ways to dress up your picture is is your presentation is to pick one of these templates so that it will make your presentation real fancy you can also do all sorts of different formatting to animate things here we have animation slides that will bring the words out or bring the the colors out as you change screens so there's a lot of really powerful features in here to play with powerpoint really is a lot more powerful than the open office and the google versions with all these really cool tools that they've added into office 2012 where you can just change your setup or do all these neat animations which is

do with these programs when i talk about office software the most basic type is operating systems this is the actual program that runs your computer that access the accesses files and launches programs we also often talk about word processing for writing letters or emails talking about spreadsheets used for forms and calculations i will show you flow charts when you want to draw a diagram or do mind mapping i will show you about how to make presentations like this for slide shows i will show you how to use a project software when you need complex ordered lists for project management the most important really for office is communication email and instant messengers and other ways to contact people and online meetings such as webex net meetings skype and vue that will allow you to meet people remotely and get office meetings done now 1st let us talk about operating systems the types of operating systems you are probably familiar with is windows os x which is used for macintosh linux and unix personally i am a windows user so i want to show you a few tips on how to use windows more effectively 1st off is using your desktop and shortcuts now i have often worked at a big corporations where all the important files are buried in a network drive somewhere maybe 10 folders down and drive x and if you navigate to them every single time you need them it will take a lot of time a much quicker way to do this is to create a folder for your shortcuts so that you can quickly access all your files now when i go to the desktop also show you the more icons you have on your desktop the more it will slow down your computer as every time you go to your desktop it has to draw all these little icons now here is a folder i created called shortcuts and this is where i like to put a shortcut say for my office or for my job and we will go down in here to my work folder and say i need to access in my employee handbook regularly i can actually go in here right click it click create shortcut and you will see this little shortcut appeared at the bottom i can now actually drag and drop that to my shortcuts folder it looks like i am going to need to go back so i am actually another way is i can cut this shortcut let us go back to my shortcut folder and i will paste it and there we go now whenever i need my handbook it is right on the desktop and i can just go right down here to my shortcuts and access it now an even handier tool on windows is the quick launch bar and this is down on the bottom right next to your start menu if you are in windows xp it gives you little tiny icons here and windows 7 it gives you these much larger icons what this is for is if you want to take these shortcuts you can actually drag them down onto your bar and you can pin them here so that anytime you need that folder it is right there and ready to access but really handy for software when i have worked at corporations we may have 3 chat programs and all these office programs that i will put down here in my quick launch bar making it really fast for me to launch the program and again getting these icons off my desktop so it stops slowing down my computer the start menu a really good way to use windows is to reorganize your start menu if we go back here to my desktop and you look at the start menu you will see that all the programs are organized by the manufacturer by the company that made them and i really would prefer them to be organized by the type of program that i am using so the way you do that is you can go to all programs right click it and click open we will double go into programs and here is some of the folders that are in my start menu now what i like to do is create folders for the types of programs again i will create a folder for audio a folder for pictures a folder for video programs and probably most importantly a folder for internet so you can right click here go to new go to folder and i am going to name this folder internet and there is a couple different types of internet software i have my internet browsers so i am going to make another folder called browsers and then i am going to make a folder called chat as i have several different chat programs and i might also put one in here for webcam since i often have different programs for my webcam i am going to close this down now notice when i go back into my start menu you will see here is my internet folder with my browser chat and webcam folders now i can actually go here and i am going to grab yahoo messenger i am going to drag it up here and i am going to put it in this chat folder here we go move to chat unable to create folder chat okay well it did not like that one let us move a different one i am going to move i have these google apps and here is google talk this is another chat program i like to use you just put it down here and we will go with some of my browsers here is my google chrome i am going to put that right in the browser i am going to also add internet explorer i can drag that down to my browsers now when i am done i am organizing my start menu i am not going to organize it all in this class but when i am done i will usually only have about 5 folders in my start menu and i can find everything really fast as it will be all organized underneath the type of software and not who manufactures it now some really important shortcuts on windows i am going to show you here 1st is control alt delete you are probably familiar with this one anytime your computer locks up where you have a program that is not working right now if you control delete you will pull up the screen in windows 7 or it will actually pull up the task manager in windows xp the 1st tab shows applications these are all the programs that are running right now so if you need an end into program you can just click end task and it will close that out if your computer is locked up you can go to processes and i usually will sort by cpu to see what program is using the most power and here is my recorder program that is actually recording this class or you can sort by memory and see which programs are taking the most memory and then if you click end process it will kill that program and your computer a lot of times will come back to life again screen capture is also really useful especially if you have an error in a program that you need to send to a programmer or to your itt department or if you are just trying to capture something on your entire screen you can hit control alt and print screen which is up on upper right hand side of your keyboard and what i do is i actually i will go down here and start microsoft paint and then i will just paste my screen in here so here is a a picture of the screen i just did of my powerpoint i can actually capture this screen again and now we have a window within a window and then you can actually crop it down to the size you want whatever your error is that you need to send out to people so that is a really handy tip now if you do a lot of copying and pasting or moving files trying to rearrange things it is really handy to know the shortcuts to copy which is ctrl c or to paste which is ctrl v or undo things this works in almost every program to control z will undo your last whatever change you made if you do actually it is not control d this is windows d it will take you to your desktop that is how i keep flipping to my desktop and also windows e to get to your computer so i have these 2 wrong and i will update those in the handout that is attached to this class now when i am talking about the office software i really want you to keep in mind offline versus online now traditionally we have always worked with offline software for microsoft office of course all the office programs before the internet the nice thing about offline programs is that you can access them even when you do not have internet access just a laptop in your office program and you can start up and start working on your documents it is only accessible from one specific drive so that makes it a lot more secure you know where it is at you know nobody is accessing it you can share the file on an internal network so you can post it out on a network drive you can also email it if you need to share it online but that is really the only way to share an offline document is to email it as i said you can link to these documents if there is out on a network drive you can send a link to people on the same network there is a lot of support for offline programs microsoft office has been around a very long time so it is familiar to most people a huge problem of course with offline programs is if your hard drive goes bad or the file gets corrupted that file is gone you have lost it and there is really no way to re get your work back if you send the file out to somebody else and they do not have the same program they can not open the file and sometimes that is even with the same program if you send a microsoft word 2010 document to somebody who is using microsoft word 1997 they are not going to be able to open the file and then also files will display this differently in different programs so if you send me a word file and i open it up in open office or somewhere else it may not show up the same now online also has many good good things and bad things about it 1st thing is that it is accessible on the internet from any computer it does not matter where you are if you do your office work to an online program you can go log into your phone afterwards or go to a friend is house and use their computer so the 2nd point i have is you can access it on your smartphone that is really handy if you are a traveling a business person and constantly need to look at things that you are working on in the office you do not have to worry about your computer crashing if your computer crashes and you are working on an online document it will all still be there still be online you might just lose whatever the very last changes when your computer crashed it is also really easy to share online documents as long as the people you are working with have internet access and you can control the access you can give specific people rights to get into your documents and either just look at them or edit them there is also lots of very specific tools online that will make things easier for instance you can make a quiz in microsoft word but there are actually really simple programs online that will create quizzes for you and then you do not have to fight with the formatting and trying to get pictures in and all that the programs will be much more specific to your use now some problems with online is that if you want to attach an online document to an email you have to send them a link and of course if they are offline or their internet is down or the website is down they will not be able to get to the file another big problem is that there is not much familiarity by users using online programs so there is not a whole lot of support if you are using an online program but they are all very easy to use and rather intuitive so 1st let us talk about word processors the biggest one people know about is microsoft word or maybe microsoft works which kind of has word tied into it another common one is open office write and open office is a open source program so it is free to everyone you can download it for free where microsoft word costs money you need to buy the microsoft office package and then there is also google is offering which is google docs an online office program and there is a really good one out there for creating quizzes called quizzinator com and another really common word processor is wordpad it is on every single windows and if you do not have microsoft word you at least have wordpad which will help you to write letters and emails so main features of word processing is that you can format your words you can bold italic change the size of the words you can also embed images and graphs into your document so you can have graphs and kind of tell a story or or give a dialog and then word processing usually has spell check as well so if you make any spelling mistakes you can fix it and usually has mail merge which allows you to use a spreadsheet to say pull up a list of addresses and insert them into letters so you do not have to write a 1000 letters you can just write one letter and then do a mail merge to have it sent out to every person on your list now i am going to show you just real quick a little bit of a text document now this is open office as i said this is an open source program you can get it openoffice org and one thing i want to reiterate is that all of these programs are very very similar there is not a whole lot of difference between open office rider which is right here and you can see at the top we have our file and edit and various formatting things i am going to switch over here to microsoft word now you see it is it is a little bit different it is a little prettier but it is the exact same functions still have bold and all of our formatting and everything and i will hop over here actually to google documents as well and let us see here we are in google documents and i will create a new document and again there again the exact same here is all your your formatting so whatever you want to write you can put in here and then you can change that highlight it make it bold or italic underline it change the color whatever you need there is also a lot of times tools in here to help you create certain types of programs especially in microsoft word there is things to help you build resumes or write lists whatever you need now one thing i do want to just show you is that i like to use google documents for things like my shopping list a lot of times i write out my shopping list while i am at home and then when i go to the grocery store i will pull out my phone and access my shopping list on google docs and just see what i had typed on my computer it is a lot easier for me than writing down a list and crossing it off and everything and i can also share this with other people if i was sending somebody else shopping i could send them a link to this program so they could go and buy what i need them to buy okay let us move on here next i am going to talk about spreadsheets now spreadsheets are really what made computers what they are today businesses got into spreadsheets because they automatically add up numbers so you can do automatic calculations you do not have to worry that you added something wrong you just have to type the number in there correctly and make sure you make your formula right the most common is microsoft excel for spreadsheets it is used by just about every corporation i have ever worked at but some alternatives are also open office they have one called calc and google has one called google spreadsheets the key features of a spreadsheet is that it has columns and rows where you can add numbers put column headers and put different types of formulas you can format your different columns so you can bold things change the colors color the cells you can put calculations to automatically add up different columns or even pull numbers from other spreadsheets for doing reporting especially at one job i was able to automate a report that took my boss about 2 weeks to make and with excel i was able to automate it completely so that this report would generate just by opening up the spreadsheet you can also add graphs and charts into an excel it will take a bunch of numbers and it can generate pie graphs and bar graphs and other sorts of graphs to show people your data visually now let us just show you real quick what a spreadsheet looks like and some basic operations of it now again i am going to go to google documents here i am really a big fan of google documents and let us see cancel let us get out of this and google documents i am going to create a spreadsheet now as i said in a spreadsheet you have your columns here going up and down named abcdefg and your rose which will number one through 66 0 or something like that and what i often do is you go in here you can put in your header and i will put it in another header so you can classify what each column is yet another header and you can grab the columns and stretch them so they are whatever size you need same thing with the rows you can grab a row and stretch it if you want to be bigger or smaller you can highlight a whole row and say change the size of the words for the point size or you can make them bold and then we will do a quick equation let us say i am just going to type some random numbers in here just to show you what this can do 86 9 20 55 okay so here we have a list of numbers if i want to add these up i could whip out a calculator and add them up but a much easier way is to actually go on here and this i can click this little thing here that is it gives you an option of what the different equations are or you can type in equals sum and i am actually going to high oops excuse me so when you click this i will click sum and you will notice it automatically is trying to move my cursor in there and i can select what i want to add and hit enter and it will automatically add this up even better i can copy and paste and it will automatically move my equations you will see the equation up here says b 2 to b 6 so column b row 2 to b 6 so whatever i add here is automatically going to be added up so you can see how in a business where you have a lot of numbers this makes accounting so much easier when you have the computer add up the numbers and you just have to make sure that you typed in the right numbers and then you can do grand totals again i will do a sum of these 3 and hit enter and there we go so i can do all sorts of really neat tricks with these different equations and if you wanted to learn more about spreadsheets you can just go out and look up excel equations or spreadsheet equations and there are some pretty great ones where you can do all sorts of math and functions okay moving on i am going to show you flow charts now flowcharts are used when you want to draw a diagram to try to explain how a process works or explain your idea the most commonly used in offices is microsoft vizio openoffice has one called draw that is pretty much the same and google also has one called google drawing i found one even better that i like online called lucidcharts and i am going to actually show you an example of that one again these flowcharts all really work the same the way the programs are the key features is that you can use boxes and shapes so you can draw out your different ideas you can format the text so you can get bolds and italics and different fonts you can draw lines to connect your different boxes and you can add backgrounds to make a your flowchart look pretty so let us show you again an example i am going to pull up lucidcharts as i said this is one of my favorites for using online and we are going to create a new document just so i can show you what it looks like whenever you create a new flowchart it will ask you what type of flowchart you want and i am just going to show you a simple blank flowchart and show you the basics of how this works so i am going to just say name document i do not have a name for it so 1st off you would want to drag and drop and put a title on here so title of my flow chart and again i can go in here and i can set the point size and make this however big and fancy as i want and i can drag it and resize it usually we will start with a little box here it is our process and let us say my 1st process is to create a list of things to do and then i will actually put in the different things that i want to do where i could put in go running and maybe i need to put a list of tasks the things i am going to do to go running so i need to put on running shoes and i will need to decide where to run run maybe i want to put the process to say this little diamond here is for questions is it cold outside and then i will put what happens if it is and what happens if it is not so let us say here put jacket on and if it is warm i will put shorts on okay now let us connect some lines here there is actually a couple different ways you can connect lines this program is really nice because you can just drag and drop what you want some programs you have to actually go up and pick your line tool so i am going to go down here and notice i can just draw my arrows like so and then oops these are actually backwards is it cold outside yes and if it is not cold outside no now the biggest thing this is used for is actually to draw out software to how software is going to work what happens when you click on a certain button or what software talks to or if we draw system charts to show all the different computer systems and what data they send back and forth we will usually do that in a flowchart such as this and i will show you just real quick here is a couple flowcharts i have made i do music composition so i kind of drew out a little flowchart of one way that i come up with music and so i just kind of show the process of how i come up with things and this really writing down the process and drawing it helps you see where you can make improvements what you can add how you can make things better one of the best ways to drive change at a company all right let us move on now i want to show you about presentations like what i am using now to show you this slideshow which is microsoft powerpoint again the industry standard openoffice of course has their own called presentation and google has one also called presentation very creative names key features of a powerpoint presentation type program is that you can do a slideshow such as this you can also do text formatting you can animate things you can embed images and tables you can add backgrounds really makes a nice a little slideshow here for when you want to teach or when you want to show a group of your co workers or your executives reports or analyzations of your company or whatever they are asking you to do now i am going to pop over here into powerpoint just to show you real quick what this looks like now powerpoint really is a lot it is a lot like word where you can just go in here and type in what you need you can let us see why do not i create a new one just go blank presentation when you create one of these 1st it will pull up a title here is my title your subtitle subtitle here there we go and when you want to add a new slide you just go over here right click say new slide and i can go back and forth this is my 1st slide and then here i can add my pictures or words or graphs whatever you need to add one of the best ways to dress up your picture is is your presentation is to pick one of these templates so that it will make your presentation real fancy you can also do all sorts of different formatting to animate things here we have animation slides that will bring the words out or bring the the colors out as you change screens so there is a lot of really powerful features in here to play with powerpoint really is a lot more powerful than the open office and the google versions with all these really cool tools that they have added into office 2012 where you can just change your setup or do all these neat animations which is

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRy29156mGA

I am the least educated in these areas so I am thrilled to be here to learn from all of you so I'm welcoming you to the city of Cambridge as Jonathan said I'm a city councilor but I'm also an architect urban designer and I'm someone that builds neighborhoods builds communities and so my heart is with you for obvious reasons to invest in life and not in death Cambridge and MIT have played important roles in the push for a nuclear disarmament you all know that Cambridge is the home to mass Peace Action which recently celebrated its 60th anniversary which means I was 10 years old when mass peace action began it's also the home to the Union of Concerned Scientists in the original home of one women's Action for nuclear disarmament MIT physicists were key players in the development of nuclear weapons freeze campaign in the 1980s and I'm happy to say that Cambridge City Council was the first to pass don't Bank on the bomb resolution in the country and this is work that I hope to continue and part of the reason is when I talk back in the 70s at Harvard my co-director of a program and I went out to dinner and hero that's his name HRO and I were friends but we never had a one-on-one talk and we're having dinner and I said hero I you know I don't know where you grew up in Japan and he said her Oshima and it seemed like an eternity and I said wait a minute you're older than me were you there and he said yes he was 4 years old he his sister and his mother were out the country for miles out when the bomb went off and in that instance he lost eight brothers and sisters lost the family business lost his father and the amazing thing about hero is you couldn't find a nicer caring person in this world who also is an urban designer and it just really condemned studied in college tanned feared and then when I met Jonathan and Cole and Sheila at mass peace action it all just came back to me and that's why I'm here today and that's why I like you I care enormous ly so it's my pleasure to introduce one of my friends and one of the people I learned from all the time Jonathan King Thank You Dennis it's a pleasure to you know actually be represented in the halls of government by by true friends so many of our friends and neighbors have you know have long hoped that decades have passed since the bomb in Hiroshima Nagasaki and that they hoping that that would mean the slow demise of the risk of nuclear war but as everybody here knows with the election of our new president rattling nuclear weapons sabers and then confronted by the North Koreans doing doing the same thing this situation has changed with very sharp increase in tension in the course of that North Korean tension the Congress suddenly and quietly raised the budget caps and added eighty billion dollars to the defense budget biggest peacetime increase in Pentagon spending and in decades to more than half half of all our income taxes the dollars now go to the to the Pentagon but what it was it six weeks ago the Olympic truce was the cleared in in the Koreas right the North Korean women and hockey players and South Korean workers joined together looked like there was a ray of hope sunshine on the horizon talks were arranged the talks are still set set to go but sadly was it two weeks ago President Trump announced the appointment of super Hawks john bolton and mike Papale Pompeo as defense advisors and these people really are super Hawks I spent 10 years of my life working with many of my biological colleagues on the biological weapons convention which all the countries in the world has signed and then when the steps would need to be taken for implementation and checkup which everybody was for john bolton and intervened and sabotaged it in Geneva and sabotaged it in the United Nations and then in the u.s. well so it's different different environment than some of us expected at last year's conference on reducing the danger of nuclear war which some of you attended we concluded that just educating each other what you wasn't enough and we noted the demise of anti-war groups on u.s. college campuses when when I was a student there wasn't a campus in the country that didn't have peace groups and I spent some time on some some leading right-wing campuses in the United States and they had anti-war groups that's gone almost almost everywhere some years ago mass peace action in New York State Peace Action decided to move on on that and started rebuilding on campuses and we decided this conference we should use this year's conference to try to focus on rebuilding campus justice and peace groups that's why we decided on the title invest in mines nan missiles because we thought we're going to talk about the fact that federal funds are very important for higher education with the change in the national situation we ended up kind of pulling back we don't have a whole lot of talks about the economics of Education pretty much everybody on the Coordinating Committee felt like we have to deal with this immediate the danger so we have retreated a little bit to focus on how can we prevent you know another nuclear holocaust now you know a lot of people help in at conferences like this particular thanks to due to MIT radius which is an arm of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts at MIT and Trish Weinmann who refused to come in to show her face but is absolutely key key person in this and her assistant Christina English my own administrative assistant Cindy Cindy Willie at peace action Col Harrison and Michelle Cunha and Alexander floatin who was a UMass Amherst intern the nuclear disarmament working group of Peace Action many of the members are here doing things like staffing the registration tables Jim Hall here is the timer and and many of the people will be in the workshop they deserve thanks I know all the speakers who are speaking pro bono and not taking honorarium and then we had a financial support from the plowshares foundation to help bring the students and from the ami Rugel foundation to help feed them now some people think it's odd that at MIT there's a strong nuclear disarmament component because MIT was the first a second leading weapons contractor weapons research contractor in the country for for 30 years but many people don't know that when the Manhattan Project wound down the group of physicists from the Manhattan Project came to MIT were the ones who thought that dropping the bomb was it was a mistake and so they established this kind of strong nuclear disarmament presence at MIT Philip Morrison Viki Weisskopf Henry Kendall who founded the Union of Concerned Scientists Randi forsberg author of the freeze campaign Barnard felt it was the founding editor of the bullying Atomic Scientists verjus the Cousy costs the simplest jorge rationed aaron bernstein still with us still fighting and then there were a group of non physicists who were kind of lower on the pecking order there we arranged the rooms and put up the science but that group David Baltimore Ethan Cygnus Cygnus out viloria very important than the general anti-war thrust which at MIT was the sight of the scientists strike for peace also kind of very important historically so we haven't given up and we're still here and we see no reason why this shouldn't be similar events happening in other places now we have students here from about 14 New England campuses which we're very very excited about you'll be meeting hearing from some of them meeting for some of the day students will caucus on their own on Sunday morning it's not that they don't mind listening to the old folks but they don't they do mind continuously listening so we haven't broken up now shape to this conference we have the two morning plenary coffee break in a bathroom break between the plenaries then you get lunch box and go to a workshop and introduce each other while you're starting lunch and then the workshop programs will start and then we'll come back here for the afternoon plenary which are really about political mobilization and what can be done and what what we all we all can do you know it is difficult to understand the insanity of nations maintaining thousands of nuclear weapons far more destructive power than could have you then you know you need to annihilate the whole whole planet every living every living creature but that's what's going on in the world it's like the biggest boondoggle in human history right no function no rule doesn't doesn't do anything for us but it drains drains our economy ah but there's no doubt that these folks are embedded the industry is one of the most profitable sectors of the US industry of US corporations which we're gonna hear about hear more about this morning so it's gonna take all our creativity and imagination to kind of figure out how to launch the county campaign some of the very imaginative campaigns which tackled directly the business of making nuclear weapons don't bank on the bomb and the divestment the code paint divestment campaign we're gonna hear about today I think they're very important initiatives so our opening panelist is Aaron Bernstein Aaron Bernstein longtime professor of physics at MIT member the board of the Council for a livable world and leading light and trying to convince other physicists that when they teach about fish and infusion they should actually mention what happens when it actually happens in within the in the world thank you Jonathan I'm gonna deviate from the written things because Jonathan mentioned a few things so I have I have to start with the original thought of many perhaps most of the Atomic Scientists who made the bomb and first there was the famous statement from I I Rabi first we were afraid that Hitler would get the bomb then we were afraid that we would get it and that was quite prophetic and Jonathan mentioned Victor Weisskopf and the veterans of the Manhattan Project like Phil Morrison whose knees I sat upon so I'm the next generation and these were close friends and mentors to me and as I said the the original feeling of many of the physicists who made the bomb was that this was a common problem that mankind had to be mankind as a whole had to solve and the politicians and these included FDR and Churchill Stalin of course saw the bomb as an instrument of national power and raw national power and then we get to mr. Trump who said in the beginning when he was first pondering not real-estate deals but international issues as plaintively what good a nuclear weapons if you can't use that so I'll leave you with that thought because the threat of their use is destabilizing the fact that they exist is destabilizing and there's one stable solution that's zero and I think one should always keep that in mind it's it's it's the only way that people that will prevent people from threatening their neighbors okay that and the threat of conventional war is serious enough because if you think of conventional law and the firepower that one has let me just give one example North Korea's nuclear weapons has raised alarm that the existence of these weapons with delivery systems that have relatively long ranges but the South Koreans have been living with tens of thousands of North Korean missiles massed just north of the so-called DMZ the Demilitarized Zone and they've gone about their lives seemingly unaffected by this because this power the power to launch even conventional weapons in that case would be the end of the regime and the end of the Kim dynasty their primary motive in life is the preservation of that dynasty so they are inhibited by the use of their conventional weapons of which they have enormous superiority so one has to keep that in mind what their real motives are whatever the rhetoric is keep in mind the underlying ideas and principles that's one of the reasons we have launched a nuclear weapons education project one of the most active people in that is Louisa Canales she's in the audience someplace thank you I'm proud to have been a teacher and a student a colleague and student look education is very important I know it's long range it doesn't address the issue of John Bolton but it's the fundamental material that we have our brains a sense of history and our knowledge of the principles and the past those are the things that I think are the long range the antidote for this kind of militarism ok so let me get let me quickly get to my talk I've I'm sorry I couldn't help it it was an outburst of emotion look nobody wants a nuclear war everyone realize that it's suicide and yet we have these things and we threatened to use them and again I come back to Trump's remark what good are they if you can't use them so and we can't use them not for moral reasons it is immoral to use them of course they're the ultimate weapon of mass destruction I always say they kill people independent of race national origin anything religious beliefs non beliefs whatever they'll kill you if you get in their way and they'll kill you at long distances luckily a winter if you launch enough of them I don't have to tell this audience all of that but so the primary way that we're gonna have a nuclear war or exchange is by accident since nobody wants it and that's the thing that we have to guard against the talk about using them is destabilizing and their existence and people always talk about the numbers I think the numbers are far less relevant they talk about the numbers coming down what's relevant is the deployment mode and the crucial thing is that both the US and Russia have 900 weapons on hair-trigger alert that is launch on warning those are the buzzwords and the difference between the physical posture of launch on warning as opposed to launch after an explosion is that you can also launch an agressive first strike the physical difference in the way the forces are deployed there there is none and that's the crucial thing so you see a blip on a screen someplace and you say Oh My gods the missiles are coming and we've been saved by luck and by specific individuals a number of times there's a book by Eric Schlosser command-and-control which goes through in detail many of these I I don't have time or desire to do that but we've been saved by luck and by you manatee of a few individuals on many occasions and the Cuban Missile Crisis was the most dramatic of these so what I want to talk about and leave you with is in my view citizen education and education of students who will become citizens and become the leaders is the crucial thing and that's what we're working on in the nuclear weapons education project okay and I invite anyone who's interested to contact me afterwards or contact Louisa okay thank you [Applause]

i am the least educated in these areas so i am thrilled to be here to learn from all of you so i am welcoming you to the city of cambridge as jonathan said i am a city councilor but i am also an architect urban designer and i am someone that builds neighborhoods builds communities and so my heart is with you for obvious reasons to invest in life and not in death cambridge and mit have played important roles in the push for a nuclear disarmament you all know that cambridge is the home to mass peace action which recently celebrated its 60th anniversary which means i was 10 years old when mass peace action began it is also the home to the union of concerned scientists in the original home of one women is action for nuclear disarmament mit physicists were key players in the development of nuclear weapons freeze campaign in the 1980s and i am happy to say that cambridge city council was the 1st to pass do not bank on the bomb resolution in the country and this is work that i hope to continue and part of the reason is when i talk back in the 70s at harvard my co director of a program and i went out to dinner and hero that is his name hro and i were friends but we never had a one on one talk and we are having dinner and i said hero i you know i do not know where you grew up in japan and he said her oshima and it seemed like an eternity and i said wait a minute you are older than me were you there and he said yes he was 4 years old he his sister and his mother were out the country for miles out when the bomb went off and in that instance he lost 8 brothers and sisters lost the family business lost his father and the amazing thing about hero is you could not find a nicer caring person in this world who also is an urban designer and it just really condemned studied in college tanned feared and then when i met jonathan and cole and sheila at mass peace action it all just came back to me and that is why i am here today and that is why i like you i care enormous ly so it is my pleasure to introduce one of my friends and one of the people i learned from all the time jonathan king thank you dennis it is a pleasure to you know actually be represented in the halls of government by by true friends so many of our friends and neighbors have you know have long hoped that decades have passed since the bomb in hiroshima nagasaki and that they hoping that that would mean the slow demise of the risk of nuclear war but as everybody here knows with the election of our new president rattling nuclear weapons sabers and then confronted by the north koreans doing doing the same thing this situation has changed with very sharp increase in tension in the course of that north korean tension the congress suddenly and quietly raised the budget caps and added $80000000000 to the defense budget biggest peacetime increase in pentagon spending and in decades to more than half half of all our income taxes the dollars now go to the to the pentagon but what it was it 6 weeks ago the olympic truce was the cleared in in the koreas right the north korean women and hockey players and south korean workers joined together looked like there was a ray of hope sunshine on the horizon talks were arranged the talks are still set set to go but sadly was it 2 weeks ago president trump announced the appointment of super hawks john bolton and mike papale pompeo as defense advisors and these people really are super hawks i spent 10 years of my life working with many of my biological colleagues on the biological weapons convention which all the countries in the world has signed and then when the steps would need to be taken for implementation and checkup which everybody was for john bolton and intervened and sabotaged it in geneva and sabotaged it in the united nations and then in the u s well so it is different different environment than some of us expected at last year is conference on reducing the danger of nuclear war which some of you attended we concluded that just educating each other what you was not enough and we noted the demise of anti war groups on u s college campuses when when i was a student there was not a campus in the country that did not have peace groups and i spent some time on some some leading right wing campuses in the united states and they had anti war groups that has gone almost almost everywhere some years ago mass peace action in new york state peace action decided to move on on that and started rebuilding on campuses and we decided this conference we should use this year is conference to try to focus on rebuilding campus justice and peace groups that is why we decided on the title invest in mines nan missiles because we thought we are going to talk about the fact that federal funds are very important for higher education with the change in the national situation we ended up kind of pulling back we do not have a whole lot of talks about the economics of education pretty much everybody on the coordinating committee felt like we have to deal with this immediate the danger so we have retreated a little bit to focus on how can we prevent you know another nuclear holocaust now you know a lot of people help in at conferences like this particular thanks to due to mit radius which is an arm of the episcopal diocese of massachusetts at mit and trish weinmann who refused to come in to show her face but is absolutely key key person in this and her assistant christina english my own administrative assistant cindy cindy willie at peace action colonel harrison and michelle cunha and alexander floatin who was a umass amherst intern the nuclear disarmament working group of peace action many of the members are here doing things like staffing the registration tables jim hall here is the timer and and many of the people will be in the workshop they deserve thanks i know all the speakers who are speaking pro bono and not taking honorarium and then we had a financial support from the plowshares foundation to help bring the students and from the ami rugel foundation to help feed them now some people think it is odd that at mit there is a strong nuclear disarmament component because mit was the 1st a 2nd leading weapons contractor weapons research contractor in the country for for 30 years but many people do not know that when the manhattan project wound down the group of physicists from the manhattan project came to mit were the ones who thought that dropping the bomb was it was a mistake and so they established this kind of strong nuclear disarmament presence at mit philip morrison viki weisskopf henry kendall who founded the union of concerned scientists randi forsberg author of the freeze campaign barnard felt it was the founding editor of the bullying atomic scientists verjus the cousy costs the simplest jorge rationed aaron bernstein still with us still fighting and then there were a group of non physicists who were kind of lower on the pecking order there we arranged the rooms and put up the science but that group david baltimore ethan cygnus cygnus out viloria very important than the general anti war thrust which at mit was the sight of the scientists strike for peace also kind of very important historically so we have not given up and we are still here and we see no reason why this should not be similar events happening in other places now we have students here from about 14 new england campuses which we are very very excited about you will be meeting hearing from some of them meeting for some of the day students will caucus on their own on sunday morning it is not that they do not mind listening to the old folks but they do not they do mind continuously listening so we have not broken up now shape to this conference we have the 2 morning plenary coffee break in a bathroom break between the plenaries then you get lunch box and go to a workshop and introduce each other while you are starting lunch and then the workshop programs will start and then we will come back here for the afternoon plenary which are really about political mobilization and what can be done and what what we all we all can do you know it is difficult to understand the insanity of nations maintaining 1000s of nuclear weapons far more destructive power than could have you then you know you need to annihilate the whole whole planet every living every living creature but that is what is going on in the world it is like the biggest boondoggle in human history right no function no rule does not does not do anything for us but it drains drains our economy ah but there is no doubt that these folks are embedded the industry is one of the most profitable sectors of the us industry of us corporations which we are going to hear about hear more about this morning so it is going to take all our creativity and imagination to kind of figure out how to launch the county campaign some of the very imaginative campaigns which tackled directly the business of making nuclear weapons do not bank on the bomb and the divestment the code paint divestment campaign we are going to hear about today i think they are very important initiatives so our opening panelist is aaron bernstein aaron bernstein longtime professor of physics at mit member the board of the council for a livable world and leading light and trying to convince other physicists that when they teach about fish and infusion they should actually mention what happens when it actually happens in within the in the world thank you jonathan i am going to deviate from the written things because jonathan mentioned a few things so i have i have to start with the original thought of many perhaps most of the atomic scientists who made the bomb and 1st there was the famous statement from i i rabi 1st we were afraid that hitler would get the bomb then we were afraid that we would get it and that was quite prophetic and jonathan mentioned victor weisskopf and the veterans of the manhattan project like phil morrison whose knees i sat upon so i am the next generation and these were close friends and mentors to me and as i said the the original feeling of many of the physicists who made the bomb was that this was a common problem that mankind had to be mankind as a whole had to solve and the politicians and these included fdr and churchill stalin of course saw the bomb as an instrument of national power and raw national power and then we get to mister trump who said in the beginning when he was 1st pondering not real estate deals but international issues as plaintively what good a nuclear weapons if you can not use that so i will leave you with that thought because the threat of their use is destabilizing the fact that they exist is destabilizing and there is one stable solution that is 0 and i think one should always keep that in mind it is it is it is the only way that people that will prevent people from threatening their neighbors okay that and the threat of conventional war is serious enough because if you think of conventional law and the firepower that one has let me just give one example north korea is nuclear weapons has raised alarm that the existence of these weapons with delivery systems that have relatively long ranges but the south koreans have been living with 10s of 1000s of north korean missiles massed just north of the so called dmz the demilitarized zone and they have gone about their lives seemingly unaffected by this because this power the power to launch even conventional weapons in that case would be the end of the regime and the end of the kim dynasty their primary motive in life is the preservation of that dynasty so they are inhibited by the use of their conventional weapons of which they have enormous superiority so one has to keep that in mind what their real motives are whatever the rhetoric is keep in mind the underlying ideas and principles that is one of the reasons we have launched a nuclear weapons education project one of the most active people in that is louisa canales she is in the audience someplace thank you i am proud to have been a teacher and a student a colleague and student look education is very important i know it is long range it does not address the issue of john bolton but it is the fundamental material that we have our brains a sense of history and our knowledge of the principles and the past those are the things that i think are the long range the antidote for this kind of militarism ok so let me get let me quickly get to my talk i have i am sorry i could not help it it was an outburst of emotion look nobody wants a nuclear war everyone realize that it is suicide and yet we have these things and we threatened to use them and again i come back to trump is remark what good are they if you can not use them so and we can not use them not for moral reasons it is immoral to use them of course they are the ultimate weapon of mass destruction i always say they kill people independent of race national origin anything religious beliefs non beliefs whatever they will kill you if you get in their way and they will kill you at long distances luckily a winter if you launch enough of them i do not have to tell this audience all of that but so the primary way that we are going to have a nuclear war or exchange is by accident since nobody wants it and that is the thing that we have to guard against the talk about using them is destabilizing and their existence and people always talk about the numbers i think the numbers are far less relevant they talk about the numbers coming down what is relevant is the deployment mode and the crucial thing is that both the us and russia have 900 weapons on hair trigger alert that is launch on warning those are the buzzwords and the difference between the physical posture of launch on warning as opposed to launch after an explosion is that you can also launch an agressive 1st strike the physical difference in the way the forces are deployed there there is none and that is the crucial thing so you see a blip on a screen someplace and you say 0 my gods the missiles are coming and we have been saved by luck and by specific individuals a number of times there is a book by eric schlosser command and control which goes through in detail many of these i i do not have time or desire to do that but we have been saved by luck and by you manatee of a few individuals on many occasions and the cuban missile crisis was the most dramatic of these so what i want to talk about and leave you with is in my view citizen education and education of students who will become citizens and become the leaders is the crucial thing and that is what we are working on in the nuclear weapons education project okay and i invite anyone who is interested to contact me afterwards or contact louisa okay thank you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aEFc12HHcs

[Music] [Applause] [Music] hey guys richie from fredericks and we are back um we're going to be digging into one of my favorite effects today and that is the uni vibe um there's loads on my channel if you go back there's a playlist that takes you through all different units one question that i'm sure others and i get a lot is what's your favorite universe um this is a question i think is really personal and can't really be answered which got me thinking that kind of questions got me thinking to you know what makes us hear things differently and i think the one thing that hasn't really been addressed on any of the videos that i've seen is is the amp you know all right so you can pay out and you get a unique vibe or you know these big big hit us and you take it back and it don't sound too great well it led me to think a lot of it isn't the amp a lot of the tone that we really want to hear from universe comes from hendrix really and um he was playing through marshall so i thought this would be a good video um to get a regular uni vibe and just put it through a fender blackface style lamp and put it through commercial and hear the difference to me the difference is massive um bearing in mind the black face amp i've got is a vibral verb that has no mids so i can't push the mids i've got a fixed mid resistor on that if i'm correct whereas on the master i can kind of ramp those mids um so i'm going to get these two amps as close as i can in terms of volumes and eq and i'm going to put the same universe on the record with the same mic and get everything as close as i can within my environment and show you the difference that your universe can sound trying it for a different amp you know i've had many universe in the past that i've written off as junk um and i've even bought some back and tried in a different amp and they've they've come alive so bear in mind it is worth thinking about univibe where it was built and what amp it was built through if that makes sense you know if these guys ain't cloning it and they're making their own kind of thing you you really kind of want to know where am they're building through to test their their products and then you know that you're going to be you're going to get the same kind of sound that they're showcasing you know um i just thought this is a bit of food for four and be it quite a nice topic so i'm going to play through the vibe verb i'm going to play for the marshall studio vintage and we're going to get stuck in it's richie from fried chicken thanks for being here peace [Music] [Applause] [Music] mmm [Music] this [Music] so [Music] you [Music] so [Music] [Laughter] [Music] my so [Music] um [Music] so [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] so [Music] hey you

hey guys richie from fredericks and we are back we are going to be digging into one of my favorite effects today and that is the uni vibe there is loads on my channel if you go back there is a playlist that takes you through all different units one question that i am sure others and i get a lot is what is your favorite universe this is a question i think is really personal and can not really be answered which got me thinking that kind of questions got me thinking to you know what makes us hear things differently and i think the one thing that has not really been addressed on any of the videos that i have seen is is the amp you know all right so you can pay out and you get a unique vibe or you know these big big hit us and you take it back and it do not sound too great well it led me to think a lot of it is not the amp a lot of the tone that we really want to hear from universe comes from hendrix really and he was playing through marshall so i thought this would be a good video to get a regular uni vibe and just put it through a fender blackface style lamp and put it through commercial and hear the difference to me the difference is massive bearing in mind the black face amp i have got is a vibral verb that has no mids so i can not push the mids i have got a fixed mid resistor on that if i am correct whereas on the master i can kind of ramp those mids so i am going to get these 2 amps as close as i can in terms of volumes and eq and i am going to put the same universe on the record with the same mic and get everything as close as i can within my environment and show you the difference that your universe can sound trying it for a different amp you know i have had many universe in the past that i have written off as junk and i have even bought some back and tried in a different amp and they have they have come alive so bear in mind it is worth thinking about univibe where it was built and what amp it was built through if that makes sense you know if these guys aint cloning it and they are making their own kind of thing you you really kind of want to know where am they are building through to test their their products and then you know that you are going to be you are going to get the same kind of sound that they are showcasing you know i just thought this is a bit of food for 4 and be it quite a nice topic so i am going to play through the vibe verb i am going to play for the marshall studio vintage and we are going to get stuck in it is richie from fried chicken thanks for being here peace this so you so my so so so hey you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2esU_8iyO6c

welcome uh the man i'm sitting with today needs no introduction you probably know him as mr wonderful maybe you've seen him on shark tank he's a fellow canadian businessman entrepreneur kevin o'leary kevin it's wonderful to have you today great to be here but i i also want to make sure we cover my other nationalities because i don't want to diss anybody i'm also irish and recently became an emirati emirati so much happening in the in the middle east in the uae great for business big crypto center you know that's excellent yeah so uh kevin yesterday i heard you speaking about bitcoin mining and potentially its role in creating a greener future a lot of people might not understand that because of all the fud surrounding bitcoin mining can you explain maybe the role of bitcoin mining and creating uh green technology or actually paving the way for more green technology yeah and and it's it's a good observation you're making let's start with fun flows okay because what bitcoin mining is a capex it's an infrastructure play it's a data center play so when the first companies started to build up hash here hash rates here in the united states they basically linked into the existing electricity lines not knowing what the source of that power was it might have been flared gas it might have been cold it could have been whatever it was it's blended now that was fine two years ago and and why it mattered was that many large institutions like sovereign pension plans they are not allowed to own bitcoin but they want exposure to the assets so what they did and i know this because i'm in the indexing business so let's say you're a sovereign wealth fund in a middle east country and you're most of your wealth came from oil but you don't want to invest more in oil you already have that so you go to an indexer and you say okay index me the s p 500 x oil x air lines we don't want to own those and so indexers like me do that so we're exposed to fund flows by the trillions you know 24 7. we're servicing these giant entities and they are majority of wealth u.s pension plans sovereign funds this is where most of the money is in investors so the reason i'm walking you through this cycle is you'll understand this this massive switch that's going on in bitcoin mining so we indexed all these companies companies like marathon hive uh hud-8 uh riot and others and that's how these large solvent plans own bitcoin because the price of these public stocks goes up and down as a proxy against bitcoin pricing so if you know bitcoin pricing gets cut in half they get cut in half if it doubles they double so it was a great way to own bitcoin until the esg mandate came out from it started with blackrock then you saw it in the potus executive order then the sec just announced that they're in a memo that they're contemplating carbon audits on public companies doesn't matter what if you're a bitcoinmeister any company that's in the s p 500 and here's the problem everybody knows and all of the bitcoin miners were using carbon offset so they would say we're carbon neutral because he bought all these offsets the offset market is such a wide range of call it target error that it's impossible to audit it and here's the problem the sec order is contemplating getting your audit firm to sign off on your carbon neutrality in the same way they're signing off on your financials you can't get an auditor to sign that right now they're never going to do it because everybody knows that tracking air is so wide on carbon offsets in another term carbon offsets are that's the only way to put it okay so all of a sudden we have to sell all those shares because we know they're going to get into a lot of trouble when they try and prove their neutrality so the new mining is emerging it's being funded primarily by sovereign wealth and here's how it works you find a country like norway or you find a province like quebec or upstate new york or montana or north dakota where there's excess hydroelectricity you build a facility right by the turbines it's a brand new build and you get an agreement with the minor i think this is happening right now in northern norway with a company called bit zero it's a private company i'm an investor in it so it's largest investors out of the united arab emirates every coin that they're awarded is staying on the balance sheet so that becomes our proxy to bitcoin now we own our coin now we've mined it ethically now we've mined it all green we do not have to be audited for carbon because there's no carbon it's 100 hydro and so in doing so we are not only capturing unused hydroelectricity we've got the latest state mining equipment which just uses 40 less energy we're taking the heat from the stacks and creating a hydroponic facility that grows tomatoes and a canning plant beside it because in northern norway there's not that much sun for tomatoes we're integrated into the community we are creating a new power source for all the citizens in that 3 000 person village that is the new mining so the best way to look at this is we should applaud the early miners that you know built up capacity here in the united states but they are essentially the pioneers with the arrows in their back because the capital is going to move away from them and it's going to go to the new generation of miner which is the norway model as i call it we're building these in almost every state here in america that has hydro we're very fortunate because we have access to the latest technology a lot of people don't realize this but it's the sovereign wealth plans in the middle east that were niacin early on 25 years ago to buy capacity of chip manufacturing in many you know the global foundries and many of the other taiwan semi conductors etc so we have access to those mining chips that we need and we're going to build these new miners all over the world brazil has hydro georgia has hydro all of these quebec has hydro that's the new model and i'm not against what's happening with the existing public companies us and i'm getting a lot of people aren't happy for me telling the truth but it is the truth they're screwed they're gonna face carbon audit what can you do and everybody knows that they're it's gonna be very very very hard for them to pass that and whatever happens their stocks are going to be one alternative for an institution to buy or all these other companies go public in the next 18 months it's obvious which ones they're going to pick they're going to go with the green miners the real green miners that don't have to deal with carbon offsets bottom line is and i think policy's showing it and the sec is driving it potus his order has it carbon offsets are that's the story absolutely absolutely that's interesting you talked about you know for me crypto proxy stocks are a way for these legacy financial institutions to actually participate in the market what's the limiting factor for uh outright ownership of bitcoin is it still the regulatory side is it uncertainty on which way it's going to go from a you know from a policy perspective what's preventing so many legacy finance institutions from actually investing out right in crypto or are they waiting for spot etf for example well you're 100 right it's completely regulatory so here's here's how a sovereign a pension fund would work and this is pretty well the mandate state side and globally let's say you're running a 100 billion dollar mandate you have certain parameters you're allowed to work with and indexers like me we work with these people every day generally speaking there's 11 sectors in the s p um you're allowed to hold up to 20 in any one sector and up to 5 anyone's stock so those are sort of the diversification mandates and it's been that way for you know some derivative of that for forever so you get diversification within the broad hundred billion dollar mandate you have on top of you as the money manager a compliance department they mark to market your positions by the second they know exactly what you hold whether you've breached the mandate whether you're in an area that you're not allowed to invest in or whatever how much leverage you have on if you have leverage all of these things are in this infrastructure build out that's been around for decades on top of the compliance department is now an esg compliant department and an ethics department and so the reason none of these funds you know people are so excited about bitcoin and say oh this is amazing and we're sitting at 40 plus thousand dollars the truth is the majority of the world's managed money trillions and trillions of dollars has this much bitcoin zero and they're never going to put it on their balance sheets until they get the regulatory environment to give them the rules then the compliance department to say okay then the esg committee to say okay and the ethics committee to say okay so they don't want coin that's mined in china for example because it burned coal that's the esg guys coming in and weighing in so this is forcing a change it's not changing the nature of a coin that's awarded but people want to know the providence of the coin which is why these new age miners the norway project the bit zeros all of these other companies that are going with 100 green hydro they're very coveted their shares are going to be very coveted as they come onto the public market because now these sovereign plans can buy the shares of these companies they pass esg mandates they pass compliance mandates on ethics and they are an equity so they're going to be able to be held within one of the broader mandates so there's a tremendous amount of capital funding these new miners and that will be the proxy for exposure until the sec and the other regulators in the us which pretty well most regulators around the world abide by um that that etf you talked about is actually was an issue an order from the osc in canada which is one of the most advanced they were the first to bring an etf that had the underlying being bitcoin but they also brought an etf that had the underlying ethereum and the policy up in canada is they also issued the very first crypto exchange with a broker dealer attached they're very advanced but my thesis this is a personal opinion is that the sec has a very close relationship with the osce in canada they their policies are almost identical they're probably using ontario and canada as a guinea pig to try these policies right and if they work they'll use some of these maybe in the in the united states which we hope but i'm very bullish that policy is coming because you've seen bills coming from said senator limits and you've also got the same from hagerty um you know there's all kinds to me was on cnbc this morning talking about uh stablecoin the hagerty bill is a two-page bill that contemplates stablecoin so there's a lot of momentum on the regulatory side that i'm very excited about yeah well as a resident of ontario i can tell you the sky is not falling because we have a bitcoin etf so there's really not much to be afraid of everyone right um so we talked about bitcoin and the bitcoin mining are there any other sectors within crypto that you're really excited about is it the d5 space any other investments that you're really looking into maybe a thematic investment potential that you look at within crypto yeah i'm very very interested in as an investment thesis and this is not only in canada but globally show me the jurisdictions that are issuing crypto exchange licenses because that's the infrastructure of crypto forever and so uae united arab emirates particularly abu dhabi brazil argentina switzerland in the uk i'm using a vehicle called wonderfuy a company that's a canadian company they own the largest crypto exchange in canada they bought bit by they're looking at other opportunities all over the world i assume that's what the management you know has said to the market and i'm very interested in you know investing in that because i'm hoping what they're going to do is a rollup of exchanges globally and what better place in canada because canada has been so accommodative on issuing the very first crypto license the other area that really intrigues me and and what i like about wonderful is they have both centralized wallets and decentralized so where they're allowed to provide a decentralized wallet which that means when you when you acquire a customer they can keep both wallets active maybe your nfts are in a decentralized and you're and you're you're keeping your coin in a centralized wallet for security reasons but the point is they have both i love infrastructure so i also have a position in bit zero which is you know also private but building the norway model that's infrastructure data centers and bitcoin mining uh they're they're looking at many opportunities around hydro state side and then of course there's immunable holdings they're the infrastructure for nfts they are they own nft.com i'm a shareholder jordan freed is the ceo there these are all infrastructure plays uh that's that pup that company again went public in canada holds the stock so there you have it i mean there's lots of opportunity and within our operating companies portfolio now 20 is in crypto that's the most i can hold i was going to ask you you know how you reached for 20 i know you mentioned it last year have you reached the 20 uh threshold last year i was at seven seven so now i'm at 20 and now we and we have 32 positions on it's the most exciting part of my portfolio the most volatile i mean it's all over the map every day here to disclose what kind of assets you're holding i will i'll disclose some of them um you know part of this came through my relationship with ftx i'm a shareholder in ftx as well as a paid spokesperson to have to disclose that i love what sam is building there you know and i use my ftx wallet obviously but i'm i also own h-bar i own polygon i just put a position on in polygon after you know meeting sandeep i love his vision of reducing gas fees particularly you know for people that can't afford to to spend that much on eath but he's you know he's aggregating transactions and passing it through in one saving a ton of money i love that idea um just got into helium also avalanche solana i'm a big believer in that i've got i've got 32 aggregate positions those are some of the larger positions and so i don't know which one's going to win nobody knows but certainly you know ethereum's too slow for me as a financial services guy so i you know i'm looking i'm hoping that solana ends up being something much faster it's got the backing of sam bankman freed which is always a good thing but there's a lot of new ideas and i'll back any entrepreneur that has something of value i'm not so much on to the you know for lack of a better word the coins i i want something to show economic potential create value somewhere but it doesn't mean you can't have fun with chris you know if you want to trade some dogecoin great dojo on mars and stuff like that that's all fine it's like going to las vegas yeah some healthy speculation isn't too bad right yeah and i'm also very very interested in seeing policy come through on stable coins because in many of my operating companies we have large cash positions we're making 22 basis points if i can lend out a contract for 30 days at four percent on you know usdc or whatever you there's many ways to go on stable coins but we really need policy there because my auditors and my compliance departments will not let me put on a significant position unstable no well you've got to think that market is really right for for growth given the yields that you can earn just by holding stables the deals have come down over the last three months because we're past 100 billion but it's still better and and i think why it should be standardized as policy is it allows the us dollar to remain the you know the default currency globally and you want that and i'd like to do a lot of the work i do in europe on usdc and just not have to go through fx transactions all the time but we need regulators to approve that but we're in ascent days we're early days but i'm extremely optimistic excellent kevin appreciate your time sam with cointelegraph it was great to talk to kevin o'leary and we'll continue the conversation

welcome the man i am sitting with today needs no introduction you probably know him as mister wonderful maybe you have seen him on shark tank he is a fellow canadian businessman entrepreneur kevin 0 leary kevin it is wonderful to have you today great to be here but i i also want to make sure we cover my other nationalities because i do not want to diss anybody i am also irish and recently became an emirati emirati so much happening in the in the middle east in the uae great for business big crypto center you know that is excellent yeah so kevin yesterday i heard you speaking about bitcoin mining and potentially its role in creating a greener future a lot of people might not understand that because of all the fud surrounding bitcoin mining can you explain maybe the role of bitcoin mining and creating green technology or actually paving the way for more green technology yeah and and it is it is a good observation you are making let us start with fun flows okay because what bitcoin mining is a capex it is an infrastructure play it is a data center play so when the 1st companies started to build up hash here hash rates here in the united states they basically linked into the existing electricity lines not knowing what the source of that power was it might have been flared gas it might have been cold it could have been whatever it was it is blended now that was fine 2 years ago and and why it mattered was that many large institutions like sovereign pension plans they are not allowed to own bitcoin but they want exposure to the assets so what they did and i know this because i am in the indexing business so let us say you are a sovereign wealth fund in a middle east country and you are most of your wealth came from oil but you do not want to invest more in oil you already have that so you go to an indexer and you say okay index me the s p 500 x oil x air lines we do not want to own those and so indexers like me do that so we are exposed to fund flows by the 1000000000000s you know 24 7 we are servicing these giant entities and they are majority of wealth u s pension plans sovereign funds this is where most of the money is in investors so the reason i am walking you through this cycle is you will understand this this massive switch that is going on in bitcoin mining so we indexed all these companies companies like marathon hive hud 8 riot and others and that is how these large solvent plans own bitcoin because the price of these public stocks goes up and down as a proxy against bitcoin pricing so if you know bitcoin pricing gets cut in half they get cut in half if it doubles they double so it was a great way to own bitcoin until the esg mandate came out from it started with blackrock then you saw it in the potus executive order then the sec just announced that they are in a memo that they are contemplating carbon audits on public companies does not matter what if you are a bitcoinmeister any company that is in the s p 500 and here is the problem everybody knows and all of the bitcoin miners were using carbon offset so they would say we are carbon neutral because he bought all these offsets the offset market is such a wide range of call it target error that it is impossible to audit it and here is the problem the sec order is contemplating getting your audit firm to sign off on your carbon neutrality in the same way they are signing off on your financials you can not get an auditor to sign that right now they are never going to do it because everybody knows that tracking air is so wide on carbon offsets in another term carbon offsets are that is the only way to put it okay so all of a sudden we have to sell all those shares because we know they are going to get into a lot of trouble when they try and prove their neutrality so the new mining is emerging it is being funded primarily by sovereign wealth and here is how it works you find a country like norway or you find a province like quebec or upstate new york or montana or north dakota where there is excess hydroelectricity you build a facility right by the turbines it is a brand new build and you get an agreement with the minor i think this is happening right now in northern norway with a company called bit 0 it is a private company i am an investor in it so it is largest investors out of the united arab emirates every coin that they are awarded is staying on the balance sheet so that becomes our proxy to bitcoin now we own our coin now we have mined it ethically now we have mined it all green we do not have to be audited for carbon because there is no carbon it is 100 hydro and so in doing so we are not only capturing unused hydroelectricity we have got the latest state mining equipment which just uses 40 less energy we are taking the heat from the stacks and creating a hydroponic facility that grows tomatoes and a canning plant beside it because in northern norway there is not that much sun for tomatoes we are integrated into the community we are creating a new power source for all the citizens in that 3 0 person village that is the new mining so the best way to look at this is we should applaud the early miners that you know built up capacity here in the united states but they are essentially the pioneers with the arrows in their back because the capital is going to move away from them and it is going to go to the new generation of miner which is the norway model as i call it we are building these in almost every state here in america that has hydro we are very fortunate because we have access to the latest technology a lot of people do not realize this but it is the sovereign wealth plans in the middle east that were niacin early on 25 years ago to buy capacity of chip manufacturing in many you know the global foundries and many of the other taiwan semi conductors etc so we have access to those mining chips that we need and we are going to build these new miners all over the world brazil has hydro georgia has hydro all of these quebec has hydro that is the new model and i am not against what is happening with the existing public companies us and i am getting a lot of people are not happy for me telling the truth but it is the truth they are screwed they are going to face carbon audit what can you do and everybody knows that they are it is going to be very very very hard for them to pass that and whatever happens their stocks are going to be one alternative for an institution to buy or all these other companies go public in the next 18 months it is obvious which ones they are going to pick they are going to go with the green miners the real green miners that do not have to deal with carbon offsets bottom line is and i think policy is showing it and the sec is driving it potus his order has it carbon offsets are that is the story absolutely absolutely that is interesting you talked about you know for me crypto proxy stocks are a way for these legacy financial institutions to actually participate in the market what is the limiting factor for outright ownership of bitcoin is it still the regulatory side is it uncertainty on which way it is going to go from a you know from a policy perspective what is preventing so many legacy finance institutions from actually investing out right in crypto or are they waiting for spot etf for example well you are 100 right it is completely regulatory so here is here is how a sovereign a pension fund would work and this is pretty well the mandate state side and globally let us say you are running a $100000000000 mandate you have certain parameters you are allowed to work with and indexers like me we work with these people every day generally speaking there is 11 sectors in the s p you are allowed to hold up to 20 in any one sector and up to 5 anyone is stock so those are sort of the diversification mandates and it has been that way for you know some derivative of that for forever so you get diversification within the broad $100000000000 mandate you have on top of you as the money manager a compliance department they mark to market your positions by the 2nd they know exactly what you hold whether you have breached the mandate whether you are in an area that you are not allowed to invest in or whatever how much leverage you have on if you have leverage all of these things are in this infrastructure build out that has been around for decades on top of the compliance department is now an esg compliant department and an ethics department and so the reason none of these funds you know people are so excited about bitcoin and say 0 this is amazing and we are sitting at 40 $1000 the truth is the majority of the world is managed money 1000000000000s and 1000000000000s of dollars has this much bitcoin 0 and they are never going to put it on their balance sheets until they get the regulatory environment to give them the rules then the compliance department to say okay then the esg committee to say okay and the ethics committee to say okay so they do not want coin that is mined in china for example because it burned coal that is the esg guys coming in and weighing in so this is forcing a change it is not changing the nature of a coin that is awarded but people want to know the providence of the coin which is why these new age miners the norway project the bit zeros all of these other companies that are going with 100 green hydro they are very coveted their shares are going to be very coveted as they come onto the public market because now these sovereign plans can buy the shares of these companies they pass esg mandates they pass compliance mandates on ethics and they are an equity so they are going to be able to be held within one of the broader mandates so there is a tremendous amount of capital funding these new miners and that will be the proxy for exposure until the sec and the other regulators in the us which pretty well most regulators around the world abide by that that etf you talked about is actually was an issue an order from the osc in canada which is one of the most advanced they were the 1st to bring an etf that had the underlying being bitcoin but they also brought an etf that had the underlying ethereum and the policy up in canada is they also issued the very 1st crypto exchange with a broker dealer attached they are very advanced but my thesis this is a personal opinion is that the sec has a very close relationship with the osce in canada they their policies are almost identical they are probably using ontario and canada as a guinea pig to try these policies right and if they work they will use some of these maybe in the in the united states which we hope but i am very bullish that policy is coming because you have seen bills coming from said senator limits and you have also got the same from hagerty you know there is all kinds to me was on cnbc this morning talking about stablecoin the hagerty bill is a 2 page bill that contemplates stablecoin so there is a lot of momentum on the regulatory side that i am very excited about yeah well as a resident of ontario i can tell you the sky is not falling because we have a bitcoin etf so there is really not much to be afraid of everyone right so we talked about bitcoin and the bitcoin mining are there any other sectors within crypto that you are really excited about is it the d 5 space any other investments that you are really looking into maybe a thematic investment potential that you look at within crypto yeah i am very very interested in as an investment thesis and this is not only in canada but globally show me the jurisdictions that are issuing crypto exchange licenses because that is the infrastructure of crypto forever and so uae united arab emirates particularly abu dhabi brazil argentina switzerland in the uk i am using a vehicle called wonderfuy a company that is a canadian company they own the largest crypto exchange in canada they bought bit by they are looking at other opportunities all over the world i assume that is what the management you know has said to the market and i am very interested in you know investing in that because i am hoping what they are going to do is a rollup of exchanges globally and what better place in canada because canada has been so accommodative on issuing the very 1st crypto license the other area that really intrigues me and and what i like about wonderful is they have both centralized wallets and decentralized so where they are allowed to provide a decentralized wallet which that means when you when you acquire a customer they can keep both wallets active maybe your nfts are in a decentralized and you are and you are you are keeping your coin in a centralized wallet for security reasons but the point is they have both i love infrastructure so i also have a position in bit 0 which is you know also private but building the norway model that is infrastructure data centers and bitcoin mining they are they are looking at many opportunities around hydro state side and then of course there is immunable holdings they are the infrastructure for nfts they are they own nft com i am a shareholder jordan freed is the ceo there these are all infrastructure plays that is that pup that company again went public in canada holds the stock so there you have it i mean there is lots of opportunity and within our operating companies portfolio now 20 is in crypto that is the most i can hold i was going to ask you you know how you reached for 20 i know you mentioned it last year have you reached the 20 threshold last year i was at 77 so now i am at 20 and now we and we have 32 positions on it is the most exciting part of my portfolio the most volatile i mean it is all over the map every day here to disclose what kind of assets you are holding i will i will disclose some of them you know part of this came through my relationship with ftx i am a shareholder in ftx as well as a paid spokesperson to have to disclose that i love what sam is building there you know and i use my ftx wallet obviously but i am i also own h bar i own polygon i just put a position on in polygon after you know meeting sandeep i love his vision of reducing gas fees particularly you know for people that can not afford to to spend that much on eath but he is you know he is aggregating transactions and passing it through in one saving a ton of money i love that idea just got into helium also avalanche solana i am a big believer in that i have got i have got 32 aggregate positions those are some of the larger positions and so i do not know which one is going to win nobody knows but certainly you know ethereum is too slow for me as a financial services guy so i you know i am looking i am hoping that solana ends up being something much faster it has got the backing of sam bankman freed which is always a good thing but there is a lot of new ideas and i will back any entrepreneur that has something of value i am not so much on to the you know for lack of a better word the coins i i want something to show economic potential create value somewhere but it does not mean you can not have fun with chris you know if you want to trade some dogecoin great dojo on mars and stuff like that that is all fine it is like going to las vegas yeah some healthy speculation is not too bad right yeah and i am also very very interested in seeing policy come through on stable coins because in many of my operating companies we have large cash positions we are making 22 basis points if i can lend out a contract for 30 days at 4% on you know usdc or whatever you there is many ways to go on stable coins but we really need policy there because my auditors and my compliance departments will not let me put on a significant position unstable no well you have got to think that market is really right for for growth given the yields that you can earn just by holding stables the deals have come down over the last 3 months because we are past 100000000000 but it is still better and and i think why it should be standardized as policy is it allows the us dollar to remain the you know the default currency globally and you want that and i would like to do a lot of the work i do in europe on usdc and just not have to go through fx transactions all the time but we need regulators to approve that but we are in ascent days we are early days but i am extremely optimistic excellent kevin appreciate your time sam with cointelegraph it was great to talk to kevin 0 leary and we will continue the conversation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63qZyV7jfaQ

i've tried so many different things i've  tried natural products i've tried products   i've seen on the internet i've tried so  many different things to cure my dry scalp   and nothing has really worked for me  finally finally finally found a solution   hear the birds tripping i have my door open it  feels so good but anyways i have some freaking   dry ass scalp i'm not even joking sometimes when  i wash my hair get my hair washed moisturized   conditioned i get hydration treatments my  [ __ ] still flakes sometimes it's super   embarrassing because it would look like i  didn't wash my hair in months but i have   it's just that i just have dry scalp nothing's  really worked for me i usually can't even wear   like braid styles for that long because i would  get crazy build up and even when i wash my hair   it doesn't fully come out like if i had braids  in my hair and i want to keep it in longer   if i wash my hair it does not fully come out says  i don't know if y'all seen my how i do passion   twist um video in that video i was like look at  my scalp it's not dirty i promise it's clean and   washed but let me know if y'all have any regular  or if y'all have a solution that i can use to get   rid of my dry scalp and brand actually reached out  to me and sent me some products to try and baby   yes it was right on time i've been trying these  products for maybe like three weeks to a month now y'all it has been working i'm going to insert  pictures and videos and all of that so that y'all   can see what i'm talking about before i did my  hair in these um dreadlocks or whatever they call   it i had braids in my hair so i turned my braids  into faux locs and before i did that i washed my   braids before i washed my braids i used a scalp  solution called bayon ballast flourish scalp oil   they actually changed the name of these oils  so i will put the real name on the screen   um but i i put this on my hair and massaged  it into the scalp as like a um pre conditioner   before i even wash my hair because like i  said the build-up does not go away even after   even after i wash my hair for some reason  so this really worked when i did that i put   it in my scalp i washed my hair boom all the  build up that was in my hair and my um braids   before i put these locks in were gone i also  oiled my scalp with this solution every day   once a day for the past three weeks since i've  received it and sometimes i miss days like i   actually haven't oiled my scalp all week  and this thursday it worked let me show you   i haven't oiled my scalp all right right these  dreads are pretty old now but no flakes nothing y'all see what i mean no dry flaky  it doesn't itch my scalp used to itch   so bad y'all doesn't itch nearly as much  anymore or at all thanks to this solution   in combination with this dough i also use which i  also use this but i use this less um this is the   biom bala scalp solution and this one was the  bio the biome balance flourish scalp oil so i   would use this um maybe like once or twice  a week where i would use that one every day   and it's a dynamic duo dynamic duo honey i'm  not even joking it's amazeballs it really works   company is called base bayou skincare so they  have skincare products for your face for your hair   anything skin so you can use these products  on your body you can use it on your face you   use it on your scalp the founder or the ceo is  from new orleans so i think that's a pretty dope   shout out to them for sponsoring this video and  i'm telling you all honestly if the products   didn't work i wouldn't have done this video i  wouldn't be telling you all to get it or use these   products or say that it worked for me if it didn't  these products really work for you work for me   and i highly recommend you trying it if you have  dandruff dry scalp itchy scalp any of that stuff   because it really worked for me so not only did i  have dry scalp y'all i have like i don't know this   eczema or i think it's some type of like fungus  or because i have discoloration i have some on my   back and one behind my ear and when i tell y'all  like i said my scalp made me embarrassed the one   behind my ear made me super um embarrassed and  self-conscious like i would not want to wear my   hair up even when i'm recording my videos and  i'm recording my videos from the back i always   crop out scenes that show behind my ear because it  looks like i'm dirty i'm not even dirty says like   i wash behind my ears i take showers every  day try so many different things i've tried   natural products i've tried products i've seen  on the internet nothing worked one thing that   seemed to work a little bit with neem seed oil  that my friend told me to try but baby y'all that neem seed oil stinks so bad i hope  i don't offend anyone but the older   i couldn't take it like i will use it and  it started to fade i started to see progress   but i couldn't i cannot i could not deal with  the odor so at first i was like okay well maybe   i'll just put it on at night and not in a daytime  because it's an embarrassing smell like i don't   want to walk around smelling like that and even  if i like put on perfume or anything it clash   and the smell does not fade until you wash it away  so i was like let me just put it on at night but   no it would disturb my sleep like i would smell  it in my sleep and it would literally disturb   my sleep i could not take it so i stopped using  as soon as i stopped using it the discoloration   started to come right back oh this product was  right on time so y'all i use the biome balance   face solution it says it's for eczema and dry skin  relief nourish penetrate soothe hydrate and prep   um so i use this in combination with the  scalp solution behind my ear almost every   day sometimes i miss days because i will go out of  town and forget it or i'll just forget to use it   but almost every day i would use this once  a day i didn't even use it twice a day do i live in the hood do i live in a hood there  would be no accidents if you was in the house so   yeah i started to see progress right away like  after the second day i started to see progress   and now it's almost completely gone i think  it's completely my favorite part about these   products is it has all natural ingredients some  of the products that will order it had so many   weird ingredients in it just like you're not  supposed to intake toxins like through your   mouth like ingest it you're not supposed to use  it on your skin either because it could seep into   your pores into your body that's why they say  like what pregnant people pregnant people can't   dye their hair they can't use certain products  while they're pregnant because it sinks into   the skin and it goes to the fetus and  if it's not good for them of course   not good for the baby so why would we be using  this stuff or not on our face and our skin   on our scalp if it's not good for us you know what  i mean so i love that the products are natural   they have aloe vera gel witch hazel black walnut  tea tree and y'all know tea tree is the goat   clothes hemp seed vitamin b rose health evening  orange oil and about orange oreo i know it's   orange oil in it because you can smell the citrus  in the facial sprays this brand also sent me some   facial mist i use the toning mist and i also use  the glow mist i really like the glow mist because   it actually works on my skin on my bare skin so if  i use this without makeup my face will be glowing   i put this on one time after doing my whole facial  routine and then i use this last and i took a   picture on instagram on my story and everybody  was like girl you glowing is you pregnant   i was like girl don't wish that on me no i'm not  pregnant i use this if you don't take anything   else from the video definitely pick this up the  glow mist because it will have your skin glowing   the tone and mist is okay it works as a toner  but my favorite outfit too is the glow mist   for sure but i just brought that up because it  smells super citrusy if you don't like that um   citrus smell i feel like it's still bearable  though and this actual scent wears off all of   the ingredients in the product that i mentioned  helps to balance the microbiome and your skin   ease skin inflammation helps hydrate your  skin and keep the hydrate retention come back   excessive if you have acne that cause bacteria or  bacteria in your skin that cause the acne these   ingredients will help with that it helps manage  dry skin like eczema and protect your skin from   free radical damage so that's another reason why  i'm going to continue to use the products even if   my dry itchy scalp go away my eczema go away  because the products is supposed to protect   your skin from all of that stuff so you don't even  get it i believe i have a discount code for these   products so if you want to pick some up definitely  use my discount code if i have one i will put   it on the screen and i will put it below in my  description box all of the products and the links   to purchase will be linked down in my description  box so definitely check it out that's it for   this video again if you're not subscribed go ahead  and hit that subscribe button below and join the   game make sure you like and share this video  especially for our dry itchy friends you know   i eczema folks out here thank you so much for  stopping by i will catch you all in my next video bye

i have tried so many different things i have nbsp tried natural products i have tried products nbsp nbsp i have seen on the internet i have tried so nbsp many different things to cure my dry scalp nbsp nbsp and nothing has really worked for me nbsp finally finally finally found a solution nbsp nbsp hear the birds tripping i have my door open it nbsp feels so good but anyways i have some freaking nbsp nbsp dry ass scalp i am not even joking sometimes when nbsp i wash my hair get my hair washed moisturized nbsp nbsp conditioned i get hydration treatments my nbsp still flakes sometimes it is super nbsp nbsp embarrassing because it would look like i nbsp did not wash my hair in months but i have nbsp nbsp it is just that i just have dry scalp nothing is nbsp really worked for me i usually can not even wear nbsp nbsp like braid styles for that long because i would nbsp get crazy build up and even when i wash my hair nbsp nbsp it does not fully come out like if i had braids nbsp in my hair and i want to keep it in longer nbsp nbsp if i wash my hair it does not fully come out says nbsp i do not know if you all seen my how i do passion nbsp nbsp twist video in that video i was like look at nbsp my scalp it is not dirty i promise it is clean and nbsp nbsp washed but let me know if you all have any regular nbsp or if you all have a solution that i can use to get nbsp nbsp rid of my dry scalp and brand actually reached out nbsp to me and sent me some products to try and baby nbsp nbsp yes it was right on time i have been trying these nbsp products for maybe like 3 weeks to a month now you all it has been working i am going to insert nbsp pictures and videos and all of that so that you all nbsp nbsp can see what i am talking about before i did my nbsp hair in these dreadlocks or whatever they call nbsp nbsp it i had braids in my hair so i turned my braids nbsp into faux locs and before i did that i washed my nbsp nbsp braids before i washed my braids i used a scalp nbsp solution called bayon ballast flourish scalp oil nbsp nbsp they actually changed the name of these oils nbsp so i will put the real name on the screen nbsp nbsp but i i put this on my hair and massaged nbsp it into the scalp as like a pre conditioner nbsp nbsp before i even wash my hair because like i nbsp said the build up does not go away even after nbsp nbsp even after i wash my hair for some reason nbsp so this really worked when i did that i put nbsp nbsp it in my scalp i washed my hair boom all the nbsp build up that was in my hair and my braids nbsp nbsp before i put these locks in were gone i also nbsp oiled my scalp with this solution every day nbsp nbsp once a day for the past 3 weeks since i have nbsp received it and sometimes i miss days like i nbsp nbsp actually have not oiled my scalp all week nbsp and this thursday it worked let me show you nbsp nbsp i have not oiled my scalp all right right these nbsp dreads are pretty old now but no flakes nothing you all see what i mean no dry flaky nbsp it does not itch my scalp used to itch nbsp nbsp so bad you all does not itch nearly as much nbsp anymore or at all thanks to this solution nbsp nbsp in combination with this dough i also use which i nbsp also use this but i use this less this is the nbsp nbsp biom bala scalp solution and this one was the nbsp bio the biome balance flourish scalp oil so i nbsp nbsp would use this maybe like once or twice nbsp a week where i would use that one every day nbsp nbsp and it is a dynamic duo dynamic duo honey i am nbsp not even joking it is amazeballs it really works nbsp nbsp company is called base bayou skincare so they nbsp have skincare products for your face for your hair nbsp nbsp anything skin so you can use these products nbsp on your body you can use it on your face you nbsp nbsp use it on your scalp the founder or the ceo is nbsp from new orleans so i think that is a pretty dope nbsp nbsp shout out to them for sponsoring this video and nbsp i am telling you all honestly if the products nbsp nbsp did not work i would not have done this video i nbsp would not be telling you all to get it or use these nbsp nbsp products or say that it worked for me if it did not nbsp these products really work for you work for me nbsp nbsp and i highly recommend you trying it if you have nbsp dandruff dry scalp itchy scalp any of that stuff nbsp nbsp because it really worked for me so not only did i nbsp have dry scalp you all i have like i do not know this nbsp nbsp eczema or i think it is some type of like fungus nbsp or because i have discoloration i have some on my nbsp nbsp back and one behind my ear and when i tell you all nbsp like i said my scalp made me embarrassed the one nbsp nbsp behind my ear made me super embarrassed and nbsp self conscious like i would not want to wear my nbsp nbsp hair up even when i am recording my videos and nbsp i am recording my videos from the back i always nbsp nbsp crop out scenes that show behind my ear because it nbsp looks like i am dirty i am not even dirty says like nbsp nbsp i wash behind my ears i take showers every nbsp day try so many different things i have tried nbsp nbsp natural products i have tried products i have seen nbsp on the internet nothing worked one thing that nbsp nbsp seemed to work a little bit with neem seed oil nbsp that my friend told me to try but baby you all that neem seed oil stinks so bad i hope nbsp i do not offend anyone but the older nbsp nbsp i could not take it like i will use it and nbsp it started to fade i started to see progress nbsp nbsp but i could not i cannot i could not deal with nbsp the odor so at 1st i was like okay well maybe nbsp nbsp i will just put it on at night and not in a daytime nbsp because it is an embarrassing smell like i do not nbsp nbsp want to walk around smelling like that and even nbsp if i like put on perfume or anything it clash nbsp nbsp and the smell does not fade until you wash it away nbsp so i was like let me just put it on at night but nbsp nbsp no it would disturb my sleep like i would smell nbsp it in my sleep and it would literally disturb nbsp nbsp my sleep i could not take it so i stopped using nbsp as soon as i stopped using it the discoloration nbsp nbsp started to come right back 0 this product was nbsp right on time so you all i use the biome balance nbsp nbsp face solution it says it is for eczema and dry skin nbsp relief nourish penetrate soothe hydrate and prep nbsp nbsp so i use this in combination with the nbsp scalp solution behind my ear almost every nbsp nbsp day sometimes i miss days because i will go out of nbsp town and forget it or i will just forget to use it nbsp nbsp but almost every day i would use this once nbsp a day i did not even use it twice a day do i live in the hood do i live in a hood there nbsp would be no accidents if you was in the house so nbsp nbsp yeah i started to see progress right away like nbsp after the 2nd day i started to see progress nbsp nbsp and now it is almost completely gone i think nbsp it is completely my favorite part about these nbsp nbsp products is it has all natural ingredients some nbsp of the products that will order it had so many nbsp nbsp weird ingredients in it just like you are not nbsp supposed to intake toxins like through your nbsp nbsp mouth like ingest it you are not supposed to use nbsp it on your skin either because it could seep into nbsp nbsp your pores into your body that is why they say nbsp like what pregnant people pregnant people can not nbsp nbsp dye their hair they can not use certain products nbsp while they are pregnant because it sinks into nbsp nbsp the skin and it goes to the fetus and nbsp if it is not good for them of course nbsp nbsp not good for the baby so why would we be using nbsp this stuff or not on our face and our skin nbsp nbsp on our scalp if it is not good for us you know what nbsp i mean so i love that the products are natural nbsp nbsp they have aloe vera gel witch hazel black walnut nbsp tea tree and you all know tea tree is the goat nbsp nbsp clothes hemp seed vitamin b rose health evening nbsp orange oil and about orange oreo i know it is nbsp nbsp orange oil in it because you can smell the citrus nbsp in the facial sprays this brand also sent me some nbsp nbsp facial mist i use the toning mist and i also use nbsp the glow mist i really like the glow mist because nbsp nbsp it actually works on my skin on my bare skin so if nbsp i use this without makeup my face will be glowing nbsp nbsp i put this on one time after doing my whole facial nbsp routine and then i use this last and i took a nbsp nbsp picture on instagram on my story and everybody nbsp was like girl you glowing is you pregnant nbsp nbsp i was like girl do not wish that on me no i am not nbsp pregnant i use this if you do not take anything nbsp nbsp else from the video definitely pick this up the nbsp glow mist because it will have your skin glowing nbsp nbsp the tone and mist is okay it works as a toner nbsp but my favorite outfit too is the glow mist nbsp nbsp for sure but i just brought that up because it nbsp smells super citrusy if you do not like that nbsp nbsp citrus smell i feel like it is still bearable nbsp though and this actual scent wears off all of nbsp nbsp the ingredients in the product that i mentioned nbsp helps to balance the microbiome and your skin nbsp nbsp ease skin inflammation helps hydrate your nbsp skin and keep the hydrate retention come back nbsp nbsp excessive if you have acne that cause bacteria or nbsp bacteria in your skin that cause the acne these nbsp nbsp ingredients will help with that it helps manage nbsp dry skin like eczema and protect your skin from nbsp nbsp free radical damage so that is another reason why nbsp i am going to continue to use the products even if nbsp nbsp my dry itchy scalp go away my eczema go away nbsp because the products is supposed to protect nbsp nbsp your skin from all of that stuff so you do not even nbsp get it i believe i have a discount code for these nbsp nbsp products so if you want to pick some up definitely nbsp use my discount code if i have one i will put nbsp nbsp it on the screen and i will put it below in my nbsp description box all of the products and the links nbsp nbsp to purchase will be linked down in my description nbsp box so definitely check it out that is it for nbsp nbsp this video again if you are not subscribed go ahead nbsp and hit that subscribe button below and join the nbsp nbsp game make sure you like and share this video nbsp especially for our dry itchy friends you know nbsp nbsp i eczema folks out here thank you so much for nbsp stopping by i will catch you all in my next video bye

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0kd99NXyhk

150 laptops through rigorous tests each year that check everything from screen quality to battery life this guide will arm [Music] our surveys show that when shopping one of the first things people consider is brand pcs offer a much bigger range of brands models and prices with max you'll often pay more but you'll get only eight percent of max needed repair or had a serious problem pcs range from 12 to and they previously owned the screens to take it with you often go for a smaller size such as a 13 inch these weigh roughly two this these models are still light enough three to six pounds to take on the road think about what you're going to use the laptop for for simple things like web surfing email and word processing go for a model with intel celeron or pentium or amd's a4 processor some come with two gigs of memory which can handle those basic tasks but four gigs will work a lot faster if you plan to watch a lot of streaming video a laptop with these specs will work well as long as your internet connection is fast enough to support video if you edit a lot of photos look for the intel core i3 or i5 or amd a6 or a8 processor and at least four gigs of memory for storage most laptops only have room for one drive so you'll have to choose which suits your needs better the high capacity and need storage for all your media go for an intel core i7 or amd a10 at least eight gigs of memory and at least one terabyte of storage these will run you one to two thousand dollars one of the newer trends in laptops is the two in one it allows you to also use your laptop as a tablet another trend ultra light weights they performed well in our tests and weigh around two pounds but you'll only get a screen about 12 or 13 inches large if you're taking your laptop with you you'll want to consider battery life we test this by continuously cycling through a series of web pages until the battery dies we found there's a huge range for laptops three to 19 hours you want one that will last at least eight check our ratings to find out which models last the longest we're a not for profit pay for all of the items we test and accept no advertising thanks for your support

150 laptops through rigorous tests each year that check everything from screen quality to battery life this guide will arm our surveys show that when shopping one of the 1st things people consider is brand pcs offer a much bigger range of brands models and prices with max you will often pay more but you will get only 8% of max needed repair or had a serious problem pcs range from 12 to and they previously owned the screens to take it with you often go for a smaller size such as a 13 inch these weigh roughly 2 this these models are still light enough 3 to £6 to take on the road think about what you are going to use the laptop for for simple things like web surfing email and word processing go for a model with intel celeron or pentium or amd is a 4 processor some come with 2 gigs of memory which can handle those basic tasks but 4 gigs will work a lot faster if you plan to watch a lot of streaming video a laptop with these specs will work well as long as your internet connection is fast enough to support video if you edit a lot of photos look for the intel core i 3 or i 5 or amd a 6 or a 8 processor and at least 4 gigs of memory for storage most laptops only have room for one drive so you will have to choose which suits your needs better the high capacity and need storage for all your media go for an intel core i 7 or amd a 10 at least 8 gigs of memory and at least one terabyte of storage these will run you one to $2001 of the newer trends in laptops is the 2 in one it allows you to also use your laptop as a tablet another trend ultra light weights they performed well in our tests and weigh around £2 but you will only get a screen about 12 or 13 inches large if you are taking your laptop with you you will want to consider battery life we test this by continuously cycling through a series of web pages until the battery dies we found there is a huge range for laptops 3 to 19 hours you want one that will last at least 8 check our ratings to find out which models last the longest we are a not for profit pay for all of the items we test and accept no advertising thanks for your support

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FS_ByeL-3o4

[Music] in a recent community post we mentioned that we got a playstation 1 for 50 yen it was labeled as junk but will it work it rattles a little but will that be a problem let's give it a test we're gonna use one of the hdmi adapters for video output and one of my favorite games ridge racer revolution it loads up with slight stuttering looking good oh dear leaving it for a few seconds we can actually play the game but it seems like there's some slight problem with the optical drive if we exit out and then restart the game it seems to load without any issue [Music] with the drive being slightly noisy and unreliable i thought maybe why not open this up perhaps we can pinpoint the problem and fix it for good so here's my working playstation one let's quickly compare it to the playstation junk even before using a screwdriver we can see there is a lot more resistance with the spinner and this one rattles on the bottom there are six screws which we can undo with a posi driver being careful with the units we can now pull open the case we can then brush away any dust just gonna give it a slight clean we can now unplug the data cable then slightly offset the drive so we can easily pull out the power cable to get access to the internals of this drive there are two tiny screws which must take out this cover then slides off use compressed air to clean it up [Music] before we carry on we're going to cover the lens we don't want this getting bugged up we're going to use some silicone grease for these small use a cotton bud to spread it around a little then use the other end to clean these rails rid of any dirt before we apply some grease lithium is recommended but we're going to use some serra grease i use this on the arcade sticks all the time good stuff apply it evenly to the now rails have access to the other end of the rail move the lens down carefully and continue with the grease now we're done with this side i'm going to turn it over then undo the two screws there are two tiny holes here that we can use to apply oil if you can use some sewing machine oil we're just going to use some three in one because that's all we got also lubricate the motor there's a very tiny hole here then grease up the area here next to the motor now i can screw the assembly back together add the cover make sure the ribbon sits flush and there are two latches on either end clip them in properly locations being here and here now for the two screws now with the spinner we can turn it a few times make sure the oil is doing its job now we can put it back together first we'll start with the power cable and slowly push in the data cable the 1001 series does have a latch for this for the moving parts on the outside we can use some silicon grease get a few squirts and here it should be a bit smoother nice put the cover back on and let's give it a test drive [Music] we can see here that even without changing the strength of the laser we can have a nicely moving and grooving playstation 1. now the playstation loads up faster has less skipping and is much more quiet i've just remembered something after spending many years in japan i've actually managed to build up a collection of junk playstation ones seriously i can't help myself go to a junk shop find something cheap i'll buy it now this one i got for 100 yen and it's the 1001 model which has the extra outputs at the back known by some as the audiophile model this is also sold as junk and yeah the cd spins up to crazy speeds when the lid is open the opposite what it's supposed to do [Music] the playstation bought for 300 yen actually works fine the cd drive is a little noisy but we can fix this let's try the ps1 with the same game we can already see a problem the thing just doesn't close then we're turning it on nothing let's see if we can get these working so this is the 1001 model we're going to do the same maintenance that we did earlier a bit of lube here bit of cleaning same as before we already know the 300 model works so let's go to the smaller ps1 there are six screws underneath one is hidden by the sticker but with these screws it's very easy to strip the threads make sure to use a lot of torque on the first turn [Music] as we can't close the cover easily there's a problem with the eject button we can push the latches on the side and easily pull out the cover we can use alcohol wipes or silicone lube and clean away the gunk yeah it's pretty dirty in here enter the power switch [Music] just like new looking at the optical drive itself it seems that this has not been used much but after a quick clean we can reinsert it try it again nothing happened it might be worth having a look at the board this shielding can be taken off very easily and looking at the back of the board it seems like there's some leakage or residue near the switch we could try to clean that up but i've seen reports of this board's capacitors being kind of leaky as the optical drive of both of these units are actually similar we've just switched them over we're also going to add some contact spray as the switch for the 1001 kind of sticks a little just a couple of squirts should clean it up both drives are similar but not identical the optical drive of the newer ps1 is slightly larger at the top to test this without the case we can insert the game and push in a piece of plastic as a switch here the playstation sees that the case is closed and the game works fine to make the drive fit in this case we can file down the piece of plastic now it fits like a glove so from all four of these junk playstations one is a bit crap let's go for the extra mile let's see how well we can clean these up let's get these junk stickers off [Music] then to use some alcohol wipes to get rid of dirt and also the sticker residue okay can i get so far so let's try with some washing up liquid with this model i'll be a little lazy and just leave this here and only clean the exterior after giving it a rinse and a dry with a towel we can use some contact spray on a cotton bud to clean the area around the memory card slots [Music] we can also use this to clean around the edges of the case the brown board on the left is the power supply make sure not to touch these with your fingers or anything metal especially if it's plugged in outside the absence of the playstation logo and a few scratches this one looks pretty damn nice [Music] we didn't even need to use the sink for the second unit a simple wipe with alcohol tissue is pretty much all we need but if we're looking at the buttons they do seem kind of yellow and it kind of ruins the whole look of the case we can squeeze the clips at the back and use a cotton blood to pop this out we'll be needing a screwdriver for the other only two screws and the same deal again with a cotton bud we try cleaning one of these with washing up liquid then giving it a good rinse with warm water and it did clean it but it did not remove any of the yellow we'll try the same thing with the playstation 1 slim alcohol wipes a good clean in the sink and there is a bit more of a difference here surely we can do better when we see white plastics from the 80s and 90s they're usually a yellow color this is due to a flame retardant in the material itself and the way to get rid of it is direct sunlight this could make the plastic brittle but we've got the things as junk so who cares we left this out for about four hours in the sun and let's see the results here's how it looked before and this is how it looks after a suntan compare it to the inside plastic and it looks brilliant look at these buttons look great [Music] let's put this back together [Music] wow now that is an art attack as i couldn't remember how yellow the buttons looked i bought another junk playstation [Music] the cycle continues i have a lot of nostalgia attached to the playstation 1. is it just me with this problem or can any of you relate either way we could turn junk into gold [Music] hello i am john patreon people thank you for supporting us and the 80 of you would want to hear more from john luke sorry that i wasn't in this video i was sliding around on naked ladies in the shower room please visit our discord for more information catch you in the next video engage hyperactive hyperdrive in my hot pants [Music]

in a recent community post we mentioned that we got a playstation one for 50 yen it was labeled as junk but will it work it rattles a little but will that be a problem let us give it a test we are going to use one of the hdmi adapters for video output and one of my favorite games ridge racer revolution it loads up with slight stuttering looking good 0 dear leaving it for a few seconds we can actually play the game but it seems like there is some slight problem with the optical drive if we exit out and then restart the game it seems to load without any issue with the drive being slightly noisy and unreliable i thought maybe why not open this up perhaps we can pinpoint the problem and fix it for good so here is my working playstation one let us quickly compare it to the playstation junk even before using a screwdriver we can see there is a lot more resistance with the spinner and this one rattles on the bottom there are 6 screws which we can undo with a posi driver being careful with the units we can now pull open the case we can then brush away any dust just going to give it a slight clean we can now unplug the data cable then slightly offset the drive so we can easily pull out the power cable to get access to the internals of this drive there are 2 tiny screws which must take out this cover then slides off use compressed air to clean it up before we carry on we are going to cover the lens we do not want this getting bugged up we are going to use some silicone grease for these small use a cotton bud to spread it around a little then use the other end to clean these rails rid of any dirt before we apply some grease lithium is recommended but we are going to use some serra grease i use this on the arcade sticks all the time good stuff apply it evenly to the now rails have access to the other end of the rail move the lens down carefully and continue with the grease now we are done with this side i am going to turn it over then undo the 2 screws there are 2 tiny holes here that we can use to apply oil if you can use some sewing machine oil we are just going to use some 3 in one because that is all we got also lubricate the motor there is a very tiny hole here then grease up the area here next to the motor now i can screw the assembly back together add the cover make sure the ribbon sits flush and there are 2 latches on either end clip them in properly locations being here and here now for the 2 screws now with the spinner we can turn it a few times make sure the oil is doing its job now we can put it back together 1st we will start with the power cable and slowly push in the data cable the 1001 series does have a latch for this for the moving parts on the outside we can use some silicon grease get a few squirts and here it should be a bit smoother nice put the cover back on and let us give it a test drive we can see here that even without changing the strength of the laser we can have a nicely moving and grooving playstation one now the playstation loads up faster has less skipping and is much more quiet i have just remembered something after spending many years in japan i have actually managed to build up a collection of junk playstation ones seriously i can not help myself go to a junk shop find something cheap i will buy it now this one i got for 100 yen and it is the 1001 model which has the extra outputs at the back known by some as the audiophile model this is also sold as junk and yeah the cd spins up to crazy speeds when the lid is open the opposite what it is supposed to do the playstation bought for 300 yen actually works fine the cd drive is a little noisy but we can fix this let us try the ps one with the same game we can already see a problem the thing just does not close then we are turning it on nothing let us see if we can get these working so this is the 1001 model we are going to do the same maintenance that we did earlier a bit of lube here bit of cleaning same as before we already know the 300 model works so let us go to the smaller ps one there are 6 screws underneath one is hidden by the sticker but with these screws it is very easy to strip the threads make sure to use a lot of torque on the 1st turn as we can not close the cover easily there is a problem with the eject button we can push the latches on the side and easily pull out the cover we can use alcohol wipes or silicone lube and clean away the gunk yeah it is pretty dirty in here enter the power switch just like new looking at the optical drive itself it seems that this has not been used much but after a quick clean we can reinsert it try it again nothing happened it might be worth having a look at the board this shielding can be taken off very easily and looking at the back of the board it seems like there is some leakage or residue near the switch we could try to clean that up but i have seen reports of this board is capacitors being kind of leaky as the optical drive of both of these units are actually similar we have just switched them over we are also going to add some contact spray as the switch for the 1001 kind of sticks a little just a couple of squirts should clean it up both drives are similar but not identical the optical drive of the newer ps one is slightly larger at the top to test this without the case we can insert the game and push in a piece of plastic as a switch here the playstation sees that the case is closed and the game works fine to make the drive fit in this case we can file down the piece of plastic now it fits like a glove so from all 4 of these junk playstations one is a bit crap let us go for the extra mile let us see how well we can clean these up let us get these junk stickers off then to use some alcohol wipes to get rid of dirt and also the sticker residue okay can i get so far so let us try with some washing up liquid with this model i will be a little lazy and just leave this here and only clean the exterior after giving it a rinse and a dry with a towel we can use some contact spray on a cotton bud to clean the area around the memory card slots we can also use this to clean around the edges of the case the brown board on the left is the power supply make sure not to touch these with your fingers or anything metal especially if it is plugged in outside the absence of the playstation logo and a few scratches this one looks pretty damn nice we did not even need to use the sink for the 2nd unit a simple wipe with alcohol tissue is pretty much all we need but if we are looking at the buttons they do seem kind of yellow and it kind of ruins the whole look of the case we can squeeze the clips at the back and use a cotton blood to pop this out we will be needing a screwdriver for the other only 2 screws and the same deal again with a cotton bud we try cleaning one of these with washing up liquid then giving it a good rinse with warm water and it did clean it but it did not remove any of the yellow we will try the same thing with the playstation one slim alcohol wipes a good clean in the sink and there is a bit more of a difference here surely we can do better when we see white plastics from the 80s and 90s they are usually a yellow color this is due to a flame retardant in the material itself and the way to get rid of it is direct sunlight this could make the plastic brittle but we have got the things as junk so who cares we left this out for about 4 hours in the sun and let us see the results here is how it looked before and this is how it looks after a suntan compare it to the inside plastic and it looks brilliant look at these buttons look great let us put this back together wow now that is an art attack as i could not remember how yellow the buttons looked i bought another junk playstation the cycle continues i have a lot of nostalgia attached to the playstation one is it just me with this problem or can any of you relate either way we could turn junk into gold hello i am john patreon people thank you for supporting us and the 80 of you would want to hear more from john luke sorry that i was not in this video i was sliding around on naked ladies in the shower room please visit our discord for more information catch you in the next video engage hyperactive hyperdrive in my hot pants

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ki6eTTZxySg

[Applause] thank you thank you very much i'm really glad to be here uh this is actually my first kubecon done a little bit of workshop support in ancillary events in past but this is the first time actually attending a kubecon and i'm super excited so i'm not going to talk for five minutes about myself um just so you know where i'm coming from software engineer got into architecture after that and then um i've been worked in defense and in hospitality and for some reason i always try to get myself on whatever the project is that the company is betting the business on so that's where i seem to end up that has led me into some interesting spaces a lot of distributed systems so that got me into apache cassandra and kubernetes and then now putting them together so that's kind of the genesis of how i got involved in this kind of thing um so on the way over here i was grabbing a snack and i went outside to the coffee station and i'm walking past a table and i don't i don't recognize anybody here so maybe i'll be okay uh so i'm walking past the table and there's a group of folks and they're like hey did you see that um data stacks is going to be doing a talk about how to put a database in in kubernetes and one and one guy goes why would you do that that's what oh there is still skepticism out here around this now you know i'm in a world where um i'm used to this and i've already bought into it this is an article that i'm showing up here that a colleague of mine chris bradford wrote about his personal journey from being very anti you know running databases and containers just even that idea to how he kind of went through that progression of running databases on kubernetes so what i thought i would do is this is not the why you should run a database in kubernetes talk it's more of the assuming that you agree with the premise of doing it how do we actually go about doing it that's kind of where i'm coming from if you want to ask me questions about why at the end let's do it there's a whole community of people that are working on putting stateful workloads on to kubernetes it's the data on kubernetes community we had a great full day of sessions here on tuesday you can go and watch a lot of those sessions online i may even stole a couple of my points that you'll see later in the talk from things i heard on tuesday so i'm an active and avid learner in this space as well there's a whole community of innovators doing great things here one of the things that i learned recently is a survey that the dok community commissioned i'm talking to a lot of developers architects cios you know kind of all range of the the i.t workforce looking at who is adopting kubernetes for stateful workloads and it's kind of encouraging and a little bit surprising these numbers that that were that were able to come through now who knows is there confirmation bias from people who are willing to fill out a survey about data on kubernetes yeah it may be okay but look at this okay so 70 percent of uh people have at least some that are using kubernetes have at least some stateful workflows there 90 percent think that kubernetes is ready for it which to me says you're at least thinking about doing it so how do we get there uh i want to be clear and you know set expectations and you probably saw this when you were looking for sessions this is an introductory level session so i'm hitting the wave caps and what i want to present to you is a way of thinking about how you put databases and possibly other stateful workloads onto kubernetes so i've tried to break it down into a few simple steps and it starts with making sure that you understand the kubernetes primitives uh for stateful data including the persistent volume subsystem you want to pick a storage provider because ultimately your data needs to end up somewhere unless you're just doing caching you need to pick a database and then i'm going to highly recommend that you find an operator assuming that you're using a pretty common or popular database so those are the steps uh what we'll begin with is making sure that we understand these kubernetes primitives and especially the ones for managing state for stateful workloads but actually we're going to look at some some of the other primitives as well that are not exclusively for managing state they're all involved in putting a database on kubernetes so here we go uh i want to start with uh demystifying something now when i was a junior developer i was afraid of databases okay database was like there was one guy on the team that knew how to interact with the database to be the dba create the tables and manage all of that you wanted anything you went to the guy and this was a bad thing because mitch got stuck there for a while like he got pigeonholed and he was the only he wanted to go and do other things but he was the database guy he was the only one that knew how to do it so let's demystify a database is an application in applications when we deploy them in kubernetes or anywhere else they're really an assemblage of compute network and storage those are their needs right it's code it needs somewhere to run it knows how to talk to other things and it's got to have some place to put its data that fits a database just as well as any other application okay so let's look at what kubernetes gives us and break it down organize the community kubernetes primitives in terms of compute network and storage okay so we have these primitives uh for running pods on worker nodes we have replica sets and deployments that we can use to run multiple copies of things uh we have now stateful sets that kubernetes gives us to run stateful workloads for exposing our capabilities as services we have a kubernetes service we have things like kubernetes ingress so these are primitives that kubernetes gives us for allowing things to find each other and talk to each other and then in terms of storage we have a whole persistent volume subsystem that you know we're definitely going to focus on those but in order to deploy a database we just need to pick the right pieces from kind of this grab bag of resources that kubernetes gives us i'm going to show you some code here there's going to be some yaml there will be yaml in this presentation this is all available on github we have a repo that patrick mcfadden and i have created for a book that we're working on that yes i'll plug at the end of course you know i will but that's where the material is being drawn from and most of the images that you're going to see are also drawn from the book as well okay so i want to talk about the persistent volume subsystem portion of kubernetes so our pods can mount volumes uh and then the volumes can be of various types now in production systems what we see most commonly is the use of persistent volume claims so that's a a pvc mount is the most most common type of volume that we see mounted for an application that's doing something that's stateful okay so the way this breaks down is uh i create my pod i uh create a persistent volume claim that's gonna uh basically represent a request for storage that my pod has and then the um kubernetes is going to leverage a storage class which is managed managing a section of storage in order to create persistent volumes and then when we create uh pods and replicas sets and stateful sets then that's when the process of creating those persistent volumes and associating with them with persist volume claims happens generally what we see is administrators being involved with configuring the storage classes and developers are more concerned on that consumption side with creating persistent volume claims so we'll talk through this is kind of a big picture of you and we'll talk through some more of the details so a persistent volume is the kubernetes way of getting access to storage that outlives the lifecycle of a pod and there are different types of persistent volumes so we have local persistent volumes and those are going to leverage storage that lives on your kubernetes worker nodes other persistent volumes types provide access to storage that is maybe outside the cluster network storage maybe it's provided by your preferred cloud that you're running on um there are also third-party services maybe you are running in an on-prem situation and you actually have storage arrays that you're trying to allocate storage from so all of these are legit types of persistent volumes that you can use to provide storage to your application and we'll talk a little bit more about selecting a storage provider in a bit so this is an example of a persistent volume declaration it references a volume size it references allowed access modes so you can have read only read write you can have volumes that can only be written by a single writer at a time these kinds of parameters now this particular definition is an example of a local volume that is mapped to a specific kubernetes worker node using node affinity and again this is something that would typically be configured by someone who's responsible for for the administration of your kubernetes cluster so more on the op side than the app dev site once a persistent volume has been made available for application use either manually or they can be dynamically created by storage classes as we'll see we can reference the persistent volume in our pod specifications through creating a persistent volume claim and this provides a really good separation of concerns this allows us to as an app developer just ask for the storage that we need and the characteristics that it should have without having to have the knowledge about the specific provider that's in use this also makes our applications more easily portable so that they can run in a different environment as long as we the persistent volume claim can be satisfied by some persistent volume that's available in the target environment then we should be good to go there's also a second layer of separation so a persistent volume claim is actually defined externally to the pod that references it so persistent volume claim just represents kind of in the abstract a request for storage so on the left side we see the definition of a pvc it includes a desired amount of storage and access mode um as similar to what we saw before with persistent volumes it can optionally specify a desired storage class and that's in the case where you actually would like or are okay with your persistent volume claim being satisfied dynamically by the storage provider provisioning more storage on your behalf so on the right side you see a pod that has been defined to reference that particular pvc so pods linked to pvcs which link to persistent volumes which are created by storage classes all right so speaking of storage classes this is where the idea of picking a provider comes into play so we understand the kubernetes primitives at this point now we're ready to take what we've learned and assemble things to deploy applications okay so uh storage class is responsible for the dynamic provisioning of storage on persistent volumes in order to help satisfy our pvcs so the storage class handles the details of interfacing with our requested provider or the provider that we've configured so that the requested amount of storage can be set aside so there's actually a ton of different storage providers i didn't i did like sort of like an informal survey uh i didn't count on my fingers or anything but as i was going through the kind of the solution showcase there are a lot of storage providers here at kubecon um this is a rich area of you know competition and innovation uh and and so there's a lot of options that are available and that's just even from third-party vendors i'm not even counting the the what's available from uh our standard public cloud providers so one of the things that's pretty cool is this little tool recently discovered new to me at the bottom of the slide here the kubester which is a tool that's going to allow you to see what storage classes are already available in your cluster and make sure that they are configured correctly so that's a that's a pretty fun way to educate yourself the example that i'm showing here of declaring a storage class is a really simple example of a free storage provider from you know open source from rancho labs that basically just allows you to provision your your desktop or laptop computer as a storage provider if you're just running kubernetes on your desktop kind of for you know local dev purposes so i use this i use this one all the time if you want to peel back the covers a little bit this is where i for a one second kind of stray into non-introductory material but i think it's interesting so there is a specification called the container storage interface it's actually not unique to kubernetes or tied to kubernetes you can use csi compliant storage providers on other uh container orchestration platforms as well but uh this provides a specification and basically an api for providing cloud native storage and most of these cs csi providers um not necessarily all but most of them actually uh implement their control plane on kubernetes so i think it's really cool that you know you can have your storage actually managed on the kubernetes platform uh and so anyway i love geeking out peeking under the covers for just a second okay so now that we know about the primitives that we have and uh the the storage providers that we have available to us so we pick a storage provider now we're gonna pick a database um and i'm gonna give you two options here of different deployments for databases uh we're gonna look at a single node deployment of my sql now i understand that multi-node deployments of my sql are possible so don't get us up with me i know that there is the test which helps you to do all that and there are other and other operators that help you do that for different different types of relational databases i'm just going to do a sim simple one note example here and then we'll look at a cassandra deployment that is a multi-node deployment maybe compare and contrast and look at using some of the different application compute primitives that we introduced earlier namely replica sets and deployments and staple sets okay so here's a sample deployment of sequel and this is based on an example that you can find in the kubernetes documentation um i've kind of forked it on our our repo that i shared with you earlier that that data on kate kate's book repo or github org and uh so very you know relatively minor modifications to that standard kubernetes documentation example uh what this does is deploy wordpress a single node of wordpress on top of a single node of mysql and one thing that's that's kind of interesting around this example is that it shows not only my sql creating a pvc and getting some storage allocated to it but then also wordpress is using mysql and also on top of that getting its own volume where it wants to store some configuration data so it's a good demonstration of the idea that applications can use databases which use persistent volumes and applications can also assign volume or acquire volumes directly themselves so because we are only deploying a single node of mysql in this example a kubernetes deployment is a good choice now a deployment is a compute construct that is going to sit on top of replica sets so deployments manage the life cycle of replica sets which in turn create pods according to a number of replicas that we request so this is better than just running a database in a bear pod by itself because when you create it as part of a deployment kubernetes is going to take on responsibility for that life cycle for making sure that your desired number of replicas in this case one is running so we're gonna this this might not be uh super high availability because we could have some downtime if a pod dies and has to be recreated we're down from a database perspective during that restart period but it is going to give us some measure of availability the other thing that's curious to note here is you see on this slide that there's two replicas that are created by this replica set they're both pointing to the same pvc so this is a characteristic of these replica sets is that there's only one pvc that is defined in the replica set if you create multiple replicas they're all pointing to that one pvc now this is a great config this is a great configuration if you have read only data you could certainly get some efficiencies out of this but if you want to actually have a mold situation with multiple nodes that you're writing to like cassandra which we'll see later this wouldn't be an appropriate configuration for you and you would want to use something other than the deployments in replica sets okay so to deploy our single my sql node there's a couple of things that we need to create to start out the first thing is on the left there is you see security credentials now one of the things i love about working with kubernetes is that things are secure by default right you can't get out of port unless you expose it so we want to apply these same principles when we're talking about databases so the mysql that we're deploying uh has a administrator username and password we can actually control what that is by defining it in a secret which we will then pass into uh you know leverage in the definition of our deployment for mysql on the right side we see the definition of the pvc that's going to be referenced by our replica set okay so these are two ingredients that we create up front now we are ready to specify the yaml for our deployment for mysql okay so again we're not creating an individual pod we're creating a deployment that wraps it and so part of this definition is not the actual pod but a template for a pod so every time the deployment is going to create an additional pod it's going to use this template or kind of the recipe for creating that pod and again you see in there the reference to the single pvc that we declared earlier all right the next piece that we're going to talk about is how do you actually make a database accessible to your applications again it would kind of be lame to address our applications to a single pod instance a kind of a hard-coded instance or ip address because that pod could die and get restarted so we want to stick a kubernetes service in front of that and this is going to abstract the details of where that database instance is actually living on the network so even if we're only running a single pod this is still useful we have different types of services that are defined in the kubernetes world so you have a cluster ip service which is only within the scope of that cluster you can use load balancers and those are services typically you typically implementation of a load balancer is tied to your cloud provider so incoming calls might be round robin to different instances behind that service you might find that useful um we have other things like external ports we have ingress that can be defined and what we see most often if we're talking about a database tier is the use of a cluster ip service or maybe a load balancer that's that's what i tend to see most often usually you have an application that's sitting on top of your database and the application is what is providing an interface outside of kubernetes so not that you couldn't expose the database directly but i just don't see that very often so this is an example of a simple cluster ip service this is what is known as a headless service so what this does is when you do the dns lookup based on this name of a wordpress mic sql service what you would get back is the ip addresses of everything that's sitting underneath it and again in this case it's just a single ip address so headless service is a great way to go to put in front of your database instance all right so that was a quick fly through of a mysql deployment example again i want to refer you to the github repo in the book if you want kind of the more blow by blow detailed description we try to go through all the the various options kind of at a high level and then refer you to the the points in the kubernetes documentation where you can deep dive and get the lower level details so just hitting the wave caps for you right now we want to talk about deployment of cassandra now so the way that cassandra works is it's a multi-node architecture no one runs one node of cassandra in production not very many people run three nodes of cassandra in production generally you have a lot of data if you're using cassandra and those are organized in there's two different ways to think about how cassandra organizes itself and the data that it's storing so there's two viewpoints on this slide they both refer to the same cluster one of them is a kind of a more physical layout in terms of where the machines are located within your network so a lot of times you'll have multiple data centers what can what cassandra calls a data center and multiple racks so in cloud deployments most people map a cassandra data center to a cloud provider region and they map a rack to a particular availability zone so that's what you'll see in the if you look at the code details of the example uh so cassandra is aware of where you are placing this nodes because you you tell it where the nodes are in terms of the network topology and then it's going to try to store multiple copies of your data so that they are distributed across the different availability zones and even regions if you have a multi-region cluster so those are kind of the two viewpoints of the world cassandra uses something called partitioning which is similar to the concept of sharding but it's managed entirely by cassandra so you're never interacting with what what that kind of starting our algorithm looks like when you're using cassandra so i wanted to give you those details about the topology so that this slide would make sense if you have some familiarity with stateful sets um the way that what's shown here is a cassandra deployment that has three racks so one data center consisting of three racks and there's a single pod that's shown here in each rack and so we have a stateful set that is managing each of the racks uh and then as you can see here there's a there's a key difference from the my sequel example uh that we saw before in that each pod is actually getting its own persistent volume claim so this means each cassandra node has its own dedicated storage um and and that's what we want okay so we'll talk up front here uh about the idea of creating these uh standards uh a service that is pretty much like the my the service that we put in front of my sql it's very very similar and this time we're exposing the standard constant report of 9042 and i'm i'm showing it to you now because we're actually going to reference it on this next slide so this is probably our most complicated complicated yaml that we're going to see so trigger warning for anyone who doesn't like reading yaml on slides possibly including me but uh this is better than me um scrolling through a terminal window and screwing it up so uh this is a the definition of a stateful set for for a cassandra cluster it's going to span a couple slides we'll just walk through it a little at a time and i'll try to to guide you through so the left side we see the name of the staple set and we're going to reference that service that we just created so we're telling kubernetes that we that that is the service that we want to put in front of our nodes uh also on this left side we're looking at we're defining which policies we want kubernetes to use there are some options for how it manages the life cycle of the pods as it's as it spins them up and down to scale up and and destroys pods in order to scale down in the stateful set so the options that i've specified here are actually the defaults and they represent a more conservative approach to to managing the stateful set in that they're going to start one note at a time and they're going to wait for each node to to report that it's ready before starting to spin up the next note and the the restart policy that's here uh is it functions in a similar way so restarting a single node at a time uh when you so the the uh stateful set does support the idea of a rolling update so you can deploy updates to the to the stateful set that will be rolled out individually to the pots there's other things that we see here on the right side of the slide exposing ports for the different interfaces that cassandra has for client access with this with cql cassandra query language management apis uh interfaces for talking to other nodes and so on and the last little thing on the bottom right there is is kind of cool defining a pre-stop command this helps us have each cassandra node be a good citizen in instead of just ghosting the rest of the cluster when we when we scale down the cluster it's going to actually communicate and offload its data nicely to other nodes within the cluster so there are other hooks that we can define uh in terms of we can we can customize the liveness and readiness probes that are used on each node as well as this pre-stop that you see here okay we're halfway through the yaml all right so what we see here on the left side is overriding some environment variables the particular cassandra image that we're using in this example actually allows configuration by providing a yaml file which you can swap in uh and override cassandra's built-in yaml configuration or you know there's also several environment variables that are supported that you can kind of override the the location of various things and and some different properties and then finally we need storage so we're going to define a pvc template and every time the stateful set is going to stamp out a new pod it's going to create a new a new pvc according to the template that we have defined here and this functions much the same way as the other pvc definitions that you've seen in the previous slides so that's that's the great thing about stateful sets is that it's going to manage the uh the creation of these pods and the creation of the storage that they need at the same time um one of the things that they do not do is when you scale down a cluster and uh nodes are eliminated from the stateful set it does not automatically delete the pvcs for you so you're welcome your data is still there even when the cluster scales down you actually have to go and explicitly delay delete those pvcs in order to free the data all right so staple sets are are pretty powerful and you can see that a simple example can involve quite a bit of yaml configuration so you might ask do you is that you know is that too complicated do i want to manage that complexity uh you may or may not so and that's just all i've shown you here is some brief talk about you know initial deployment of the database and then maybe a little bit we've talked about scaling up and scaling down or kind of hinted at that now what about things that databases need care and feeding tuning you know debugging things uh long you know identifying long-running queries there's all kinds of things that go into the operations of a database that that we need on top of that initial deployment so this is where the idea of operators comes in so this is a great quote from tuesday this is very likely a paraphrase of what was actually said but i remember rick vasquez from western digital saying something like this and a great panel discussion that was part of that dok day and his his words of wisdom were basically yeah if you're you know deploy if you're going to deploy a database in kubernetes you should use an operator and that was like a word to everyone not not you know not just noobs or you know uh people that maybe have less experience doing this basically like you should be using an operator that's really gonna save you a lot of pain um and i would concur with that opinion okay so this is where the operator pattern comes into play this is a kubernetes native way of managing applications that take advantage of the kubernetes deploy the the kubernetes control loop um so there's very likely uh an operator available for the database that you're using um and and in particular in the cassandra world we had like five or six of them as of uh uh earlier this year we've kind of reconciled as a community down to one called cass operator and you can find it at the address shown on there and then we've actually kind of broadened beyond that so cast operator manages the provision and running of your nodes but you also need other things and this is a common thing for other databases as well you need to manage backup and restores maybe you need secure provisioning of keys or different access credentials there's a lot of things that go into it right so an example of something innovative that we're doing in the cassandra community is this kate sander project in which we're actually building an ecosystem of things around the core cassandra project it includes cass operator to run cassandra but then also tools called medusa and reaper that perform operational tasks including backup and restore capabilities we've integrated the cube prometheus stack so that we have metrics reporting you can you can use the q prometheus stack that comes with kate sandra or you can swap in your own instances if you would like and then on top of that we've put stargate which is basically an api layer that we built on top of cassandra and uh you know my this is not a plug for our our database as a service but we have astra our database as a service what we're basically doing with that is a lot of the technology that that runs that goes into stargate and the kate sander projects so when people ask are you you know can you run a database on kubernetes well i mean that's what we're doing we have a whole database as a service business that is running in kubernetes so if you want to hear more about this kind of stuff there's a talk that my colleague chris bradford is is co-presenting with tai from google this afternoon i recommend checking that talk out especially if you want to talk about multi-cluster going having a database that spans multiple kubernetes clusters this is a really interesting and innovative area and there's a lot of work going on here uh this is the book plug that i promised that you i know that you really wanted to see the first three chapters are out and available if you have an o'reilly account you can see them on the learning platform and i'm really grateful to portworx who have agreed to sponsor the book and you can actually get the first three chapters for free that's what the first three that are available uh from them right now they've been handing out cards and i'm giving you an address here that you can use um this is something that uh i don't we're not the world class experts like no one there is no one that has all of the knowledge so i'm really happy to be corrected and fault to be found with things that we have written and things that can be made better so i'd love to have feedback from people that are looking at the early release of the book and i'm going to go hang out at the datasacks booth after this we are giving away a video game machine but i know that you're not all about the swag and the prizes so i know that you want to hear my colleague rags come and give some demos he's going to be doing some hands-on stuff with kate sandra at the booth and i think he also has a couple of t-shirts to give away um if we have folks to that want to ask questions and i'm sorry virtual people i cannot send you a virtual t-shirt okay so i'm ready for questions if we have time you know i think we might be out but uh yeah thank you very much jeffrey all right thank you [Applause]

thank you thank you very much i am really glad to be here this is actually my 1st kubecon done a little bit of workshop support in ancillary events in past but this is the 1st time actually attending a kubecon and i am super excited so i am not going to talk for 5 minutes about myself just so you know where i am coming from software engineer got into architecture after that and then i have been worked in defense and in hospitality and for some reason i always try to get myself on whatever the project is that the company is betting the business on so that is where i seem to end up that has led me into some interesting spaces a lot of distributed systems so that got me into apache cassandra and kubernetes and then now putting them together so that is kind of the genesis of how i got involved in this kind of thing so on the way over here i was grabbing a snack and i went outside to the coffee station and i am walking past a table and i do not i do not recognize anybody here so maybe i will be okay so i am walking past the table and there is a group of folks and they are like hey did you see that data stacks is going to be doing a talk about how to put a database in in kubernetes and one and one guy goes why would you do that that is what 0 there is still skepticism out here around this now you know i am in a world where i am used to this and i have already bought into it this is an article that i am showing up here that a colleague of mine chris bradford wrote about his personal journey from being very anti you know running databases and containers just even that idea to how he kind of went through that progression of running databases on kubernetes so what i thought i would do is this is not the why you should run a database in kubernetes talk it is more of the assuming that you agree with the premise of doing it how do we actually go about doing it that is kind of where i am coming from if you want to ask me questions about why at the end let us do it there is a whole community of people that are working on putting stateful workloads on to kubernetes it is the data on kubernetes community we had a great full day of sessions here on tuesday you can go and watch a lot of those sessions online i may even stole a couple of my points that you will see later in the talk from things i heard on tuesday so i am an active and avid learner in this space as well there is a whole community of innovators doing great things here one of the things that i learned recently is a survey that the dok community commissioned i am talking to a lot of developers architects cios you know kind of all range of the the i t workforce looking at who is adopting kubernetes for stateful workloads and it is kind of encouraging and a little bit surprising these numbers that that were that were able to come through now who knows is there confirmation bias from people who are willing to fill out a survey about data on kubernetes yeah it may be okay but look at this okay so 70% of people have at least some that are using kubernetes have at least some stateful workflows there 90% think that kubernetes is ready for it which to me says you are at least thinking about doing it so how do we get there i want to be clear and you know set expectations and you probably saw this when you were looking for sessions this is an introductory level session so i am hitting the wave caps and what i want to present to you is a way of thinking about how you put databases and possibly other stateful workloads onto kubernetes so i have tried to break it down into a few simple steps and it starts with making sure that you understand the kubernetes primitives for stateful data including the persistent volume subsystem you want to pick a storage provider because ultimately your data needs to end up somewhere unless you are just doing caching you need to pick a database and then i am going to highly recommend that you find an operator assuming that you are using a pretty common or popular database so those are the steps what we will begin with is making sure that we understand these kubernetes primitives and especially the ones for managing state for stateful workloads but actually we are going to look at some some of the other primitives as well that are not exclusively for managing state they are all involved in putting a database on kubernetes so here we go i want to start with demystifying something now when i was a junior developer i was afraid of databases okay database was like there was one guy on the team that knew how to interact with the database to be the dba create the tables and manage all of that you wanted anything you went to the guy and this was a bad thing because mitch got stuck there for a while like he got pigeonholed and he was the only he wanted to go and do other things but he was the database guy he was the only one that knew how to do it so let us demystify a database is an application in applications when we deploy them in kubernetes or anywhere else they are really an assemblage of compute network and storage those are their needs right it is code it needs somewhere to run it knows how to talk to other things and it has got to have some place to put its data that fits a database just as well as any other application okay so let us look at what kubernetes gives us and break it down organize the community kubernetes primitives in terms of compute network and storage okay so we have these primitives for running pods on worker nodes we have replica sets and deployments that we can use to run multiple copies of things we have now stateful sets that kubernetes gives us to run stateful workloads for exposing our capabilities as services we have a kubernetes service we have things like kubernetes ingress so these are primitives that kubernetes gives us for allowing things to find each other and talk to each other and then in terms of storage we have a whole persistent volume subsystem that you know we are definitely going to focus on those but in order to deploy a database we just need to pick the right pieces from kind of this grab bag of resources that kubernetes gives us i am going to show you some code here there is going to be some yaml there will be yaml in this presentation this is all available on github we have a repo that patrick mcfadden and i have created for a book that we are working on that yes i will plug at the end of course you know i will but that is where the material is being drawn from and most of the images that you are going to see are also drawn from the book as well okay so i want to talk about the persistent volume subsystem portion of kubernetes so our pods can mount volumes and then the volumes can be of various types now in production systems what we see most commonly is the use of persistent volume claims so that is a a pvc mount is the most most common type of volume that we see mounted for an application that is doing something that is stateful okay so the way this breaks down is i create my pod i create a persistent volume claim that is going to basically represent a request for storage that my pod has and then the kubernetes is going to leverage a storage class which is managed managing a section of storage in order to create persistent volumes and then when we create pods and replicas sets and stateful sets then that is when the process of creating those persistent volumes and associating with them with persist volume claims happens generally what we see is administrators being involved with configuring the storage classes and developers are more concerned on that consumption side with creating persistent volume claims so we will talk through this is kind of a big picture of you and we will talk through some more of the details so a persistent volume is the kubernetes way of getting access to storage that outlives the lifecycle of a pod and there are different types of persistent volumes so we have local persistent volumes and those are going to leverage storage that lives on your kubernetes worker nodes other persistent volumes types provide access to storage that is maybe outside the cluster network storage maybe it is provided by your preferred cloud that you are running on there are also 3rd party services maybe you are running in an on prem situation and you actually have storage arrays that you are trying to allocate storage from so all of these are legit types of persistent volumes that you can use to provide storage to your application and we will talk a little bit more about selecting a storage provider in a bit so this is an example of a persistent volume declaration it references a volume size it references allowed access modes so you can have read only read write you can have volumes that can only be written by a single writer at a time these kinds of parameters now this particular definition is an example of a local volume that is mapped to a specific kubernetes worker node using node affinity and again this is something that would typically be configured by someone who is responsible for for the administration of your kubernetes cluster so more on the op side than the app dev site once a persistent volume has been made available for application use either manually or they can be dynamically created by storage classes as we will see we can reference the persistent volume in our pod specifications through creating a persistent volume claim and this provides a really good separation of concerns this allows us to as an app developer just ask for the storage that we need and the characteristics that it should have without having to have the knowledge about the specific provider that is in use this also makes our applications more easily portable so that they can run in a different environment as long as we the persistent volume claim can be satisfied by some persistent volume that is available in the target environment then we should be good to go there is also a 2nd layer of separation so a persistent volume claim is actually defined externally to the pod that references it so persistent volume claim just represents kind of in the abstract a request for storage so on the left side we see the definition of a pvc it includes a desired amount of storage and access mode as similar to what we saw before with persistent volumes it can optionally specify a desired storage class and that is in the case where you actually would like or are okay with your persistent volume claim being satisfied dynamically by the storage provider provisioning more storage on your behalf so on the right side you see a pod that has been defined to reference that particular pvc so pods linked to pvcs which link to persistent volumes which are created by storage classes all right so speaking of storage classes this is where the idea of picking a provider comes into play so we understand the kubernetes primitives at this point now we are ready to take what we have learned and assemble things to deploy applications okay so storage class is responsible for the dynamic provisioning of storage on persistent volumes in order to help satisfy our pvcs so the storage class handles the details of interfacing with our requested provider or the provider that we have configured so that the requested amount of storage can be set aside so there is actually a ton of different storage providers i did not i did like sort of like an informal survey i did not count on my fingers or anything but as i was going through the kind of the solution showcase there are a lot of storage providers here at kubecon this is a rich area of you know competition and innovation and and so there is a lot of options that are available and that is just even from 3rd party vendors i am not even counting the the what is available from our standard public cloud providers so one of the things that is pretty cool is this little tool recently discovered new to me at the bottom of the slide here the kubester which is a tool that is going to allow you to see what storage classes are already available in your cluster and make sure that they are configured correctly so that is a that is a pretty fun way to educate yourself the example that i am showing here of declaring a storage class is a really simple example of a free storage provider from you know open source from rancho labs that basically just allows you to provision your your desktop or laptop computer as a storage provider if you are just running kubernetes on your desktop kind of for you know local dev purposes so i use this i use this one all the time if you want to peel back the covers a little bit this is where i for a 12nd kind of stray into non introductory material but i think it is interesting so there is a specification called the container storage interface it is actually not unique to kubernetes or tied to kubernetes you can use csi compliant storage providers on other container orchestration platforms as well but this provides a specification and basically an api for providing cloud native storage and most of these cs csi providers not necessarily all but most of them actually implement their control plane on kubernetes so i think it is really cool that you know you can have your storage actually managed on the kubernetes platform and so anyway i love geeking out peeking under the covers for just a 2nd okay so now that we know about the primitives that we have and the the storage providers that we have available to us so we pick a storage provider now we are going to pick a database and i am going to give you 2 options here of different deployments for databases we are going to look at a single node deployment of my sql now i understand that multi node deployments of my sql are possible so do not get us up with me i know that there is the test which helps you to do all that and there are other and other operators that help you do that for different different types of relational databases i am just going to do a sim simple one note example here and then we will look at a cassandra deployment that is a multi node deployment maybe compare and contrast and look at using some of the different application compute primitives that we introduced earlier namely replica sets and deployments and staple sets okay so here is a sample deployment of sequel and this is based on an example that you can find in the kubernetes documentation i have kind of forked it on our our repo that i shared with you earlier that that data on kate kate is book repo or github org and so very you know relatively minor modifications to that standard kubernetes documentation example what this does is deploy wordpress a single node of wordpress on top of a single node of mysql and one thing that is that is kind of interesting around this example is that it shows not only my sql creating a pvc and getting some storage allocated to it but then also wordpress is using mysql and also on top of that getting its own volume where it wants to store some configuration data so it is a good demonstration of the idea that applications can use databases which use persistent volumes and applications can also assign volume or acquire volumes directly themselves so because we are only deploying a single node of mysql in this example a kubernetes deployment is a good choice now a deployment is a compute construct that is going to sit on top of replica sets so deployments manage the life cycle of replica sets which in turn create pods according to a number of replicas that we request so this is better than just running a database in a bear pod by itself because when you create it as part of a deployment kubernetes is going to take on responsibility for that life cycle for making sure that your desired number of replicas in this case one is running so we are going to this this might not be super high availability because we could have some downtime if a pod dies and has to be recreated we are down from a database perspective during that restart period but it is going to give us some measure of availability the other thing that is curious to note here is you see on this slide that there is 2 replicas that are created by this replica set they are both pointing to the same pvc so this is a characteristic of these replica sets is that there is only one pvc that is defined in the replica set if you create multiple replicas they are all pointing to that one pvc now this is a great config this is a great configuration if you have read only data you could certainly get some efficiencies out of this but if you want to actually have a mold situation with multiple nodes that you are writing to like cassandra which we will see later this would not be an appropriate configuration for you and you would want to use something other than the deployments in replica sets okay so to deploy our single my sql node there is a couple of things that we need to create to start out the 1st thing is on the left there is you see security credentials now one of the things i love about working with kubernetes is that things are secure by default right you can not get out of port unless you expose it so we want to apply these same principles when we are talking about databases so the mysql that we are deploying has a administrator username and password we can actually control what that is by defining it in a secret which we will then pass into you know leverage in the definition of our deployment for mysql on the right side we see the definition of the pvc that is going to be referenced by our replica set okay so these are 2 ingredients that we create up front now we are ready to specify the yaml for our deployment for mysql okay so again we are not creating an individual pod we are creating a deployment that wraps it and so part of this definition is not the actual pod but a template for a pod so every time the deployment is going to create an additional pod it is going to use this template or kind of the recipe for creating that pod and again you see in there the reference to the single pvc that we declared earlier all right the next piece that we are going to talk about is how do you actually make a database accessible to your applications again it would kind of be lame to address our applications to a single pod instance a kind of a hard coded instance or ip address because that pod could die and get restarted so we want to stick a kubernetes service in front of that and this is going to abstract the details of where that database instance is actually living on the network so even if we are only running a single pod this is still useful we have different types of services that are defined in the kubernetes world so you have a cluster ip service which is only within the scope of that cluster you can use load balancers and those are services typically you typically implementation of a load balancer is tied to your cloud provider so incoming calls might be round robin to different instances behind that service you might find that useful we have other things like external ports we have ingress that can be defined and what we see most often if we are talking about a database tier is the use of a cluster ip service or maybe a load balancer that is that is what i tend to see most often usually you have an application that is sitting on top of your database and the application is what is providing an interface outside of kubernetes so not that you could not expose the database directly but i just do not see that very often so this is an example of a simple cluster ip service this is what is known as a headless service so what this does is when you do the dns lookup based on this name of a wordpress mic sql service what you would get back is the ip addresses of everything that is sitting underneath it and again in this case it is just a single ip address so headless service is a great way to go to put in front of your database instance all right so that was a quick fly through of a mysql deployment example again i want to refer you to the github repo in the book if you want kind of the more blow by blow detailed description we try to go through all the the various options kind of at a high level and then refer you to the the points in the kubernetes documentation where you can deep dive and get the lower level details so just hitting the wave caps for you right now we want to talk about deployment of cassandra now so the way that cassandra works is it is a multi node architecture no one runs one node of cassandra in production not very many people run 3 nodes of cassandra in production generally you have a lot of data if you are using cassandra and those are organized in there is 2 different ways to think about how cassandra organizes itself and the data that it is storing so there is 2 viewpoints on this slide they both refer to the same cluster one of them is a kind of a more physical layout in terms of where the machines are located within your network so a lot of times you will have multiple data centers what can what cassandra calls a data center and multiple racks so in cloud deployments most people map a cassandra data center to a cloud provider region and they map a rack to a particular availability zone so that is what you will see in the if you look at the code details of the example so cassandra is aware of where you are placing this nodes because you you tell it where the nodes are in terms of the network topology and then it is going to try to store multiple copies of your data so that they are distributed across the different availability zones and even regions if you have a multi region cluster so those are kind of the 2 viewpoints of the world cassandra uses something called partitioning which is similar to the concept of sharding but it is managed entirely by cassandra so you are never interacting with what what that kind of starting our algorithm looks like when you are using cassandra so i wanted to give you those details about the topology so that this slide would make sense if you have some familiarity with stateful sets the way that what is shown here is a cassandra deployment that has 3 racks so one data center consisting of 3 racks and there is a single pod that is shown here in each rack and so we have a stateful set that is managing each of the racks and then as you can see here there is a there is a key difference from the my sequel example that we saw before in that each pod is actually getting its own persistent volume claim so this means each cassandra node has its own dedicated storage and and that is what we want okay so we will talk up front here about the idea of creating these standards a service that is pretty much like the my the service that we put in front of my sql it is very very similar and this time we are exposing the standard constant report of 9042 and i am i am showing it to you now because we are actually going to reference it on this next slide so this is probably our most complicated complicated yaml that we are going to see so trigger warning for anyone who does not like reading yaml on slides possibly including me but this is better than me scrolling through a terminal window and screwing it up so this is a the definition of a stateful set for for a cassandra cluster it is going to span a couple slides we will just walk through it a little at a time and i will try to to guide you through so the left side we see the name of the staple set and we are going to reference that service that we just created so we are telling kubernetes that we that that is the service that we want to put in front of our nodes also on this left side we are looking at we are defining which policies we want kubernetes to use there are some options for how it manages the life cycle of the pods as it is as it spins them up and down to scale up and and destroys pods in order to scale down in the stateful set so the options that i have specified here are actually the defaults and they represent a more conservative approach to to managing the stateful set in that they are going to start one note at a time and they are going to wait for each node to to report that it is ready before starting to spin up the next note and the the restart policy that is here is it functions in a similar way so restarting a single node at a time when you so the the stateful set does support the idea of a rolling update so you can deploy updates to the to the stateful set that will be rolled out individually to the pots there is other things that we see here on the right side of the slide exposing ports for the different interfaces that cassandra has for client access with this with cql cassandra query language management apis interfaces for talking to other nodes and so on and the last little thing on the bottom right there is is kind of cool defining a pre stop command this helps us have each cassandra node be a good citizen in instead of just ghosting the rest of the cluster when we when we scale down the cluster it is going to actually communicate and offload its data nicely to other nodes within the cluster so there are other hooks that we can define in terms of we can we can customize the liveness and readiness probes that are used on each node as well as this pre stop that you see here okay we are halfway through the yaml all right so what we see here on the left side is overriding some environment variables the particular cassandra image that we are using in this example actually allows configuration by providing a yaml file which you can swap in and override cassandra is built in yaml configuration or you know there is also several environment variables that are supported that you can kind of override the the location of various things and and some different properties and then finally we need storage so we are going to define a pvc template and every time the stateful set is going to stamp out a new pod it is going to create a new a new pvc according to the template that we have defined here and this functions much the same way as the other pvc definitions that you have seen in the previous slides so that is that is the great thing about stateful sets is that it is going to manage the the creation of these pods and the creation of the storage that they need at the same time one of the things that they do not do is when you scale down a cluster and nodes are eliminated from the stateful set it does not automatically delete the pvcs for you so you are welcome your data is still there even when the cluster scales down you actually have to go and explicitly delay delete those pvcs in order to free the data all right so staple sets are are pretty powerful and you can see that a simple example can involve quite a bit of yaml configuration so you might ask do you is that you know is that too complicated do i want to manage that complexity you may or may not so and that is just all i have shown you here is some brief talk about you know initial deployment of the database and then maybe a little bit we have talked about scaling up and scaling down or kind of hinted at that now what about things that databases need care and feeding tuning you know debugging things long you know identifying long running queries there is all kinds of things that go into the operations of a database that that we need on top of that initial deployment so this is where the idea of operators comes in so this is a great quote from tuesday this is very likely a paraphrase of what was actually said but i remember rick vasquez from western digital saying something like this and a great panel discussion that was part of that dok day and his his words of wisdom were basically yeah if you are you know deploy if you are going to deploy a database in kubernetes you should use an operator and that was like a word to everyone not not you know not just noobs or you know people that maybe have less experience doing this basically like you should be using an operator that is really going to save you a lot of pain and i would concur with that opinion okay so this is where the operator pattern comes into play this is a kubernetes native way of managing applications that take advantage of the kubernetes deploy the the kubernetes control loop so there is very likely an operator available for the database that you are using and and in particular in the cassandra world we had like 5 or 6 of them as of earlier this year we have kind of reconciled as a community down to one called cass operator and you can find it at the address shown on there and then we have actually kind of broadened beyond that so cast operator manages the provision and running of your nodes but you also need other things and this is a common thing for other databases as well you need to manage backup and restores maybe you need secure provisioning of keys or different access credentials there is a lot of things that go into it right so an example of something innovative that we are doing in the cassandra community is this kate sander project in which we are actually building an ecosystem of things around the core cassandra project it includes cass operator to run cassandra but then also tools called medusa and reaper that perform operational tasks including backup and restore capabilities we have integrated the cube prometheus stack so that we have metrics reporting you can you can use the q prometheus stack that comes with kate sandra or you can swap in your own instances if you would like and then on top of that we have put stargate which is basically an api layer that we built on top of cassandra and you know my this is not a plug for our our database as a service but we have astra our database as a service what we are basically doing with that is a lot of the technology that that runs that goes into stargate and the kate sander projects so when people ask are you you know can you run a database on kubernetes well i mean that is what we are doing we have a whole database as a service business that is running in kubernetes so if you want to hear more about this kind of stuff there is a talk that my colleague chris bradford is is co presenting with tai from google this afternoon i recommend checking that talk out especially if you want to talk about multi cluster going having a database that spans multiple kubernetes clusters this is a really interesting and innovative area and there is a lot of work going on here this is the book plug that i promised that you i know that you really wanted to see the 1st 3 chapters are out and available if you have an 0 reilly account you can see them on the learning platform and i am really grateful to portworx who have agreed to sponsor the book and you can actually get the 1st 3 chapters for free that is what the 1st 3 that are available from them right now they have been handing out cards and i am giving you an address here that you can use this is something that i do not we are not the world class experts like no one there is no one that has all of the knowledge so i am really happy to be corrected and fault to be found with things that we have written and things that can be made better so i would love to have feedback from people that are looking at the early release of the book and i am going to go hang out at the datasacks booth after this we are giving away a video game machine but i know that you are not all about the swag and the prizes so i know that you want to hear my colleague rags come and give some demos he is going to be doing some hands on stuff with kate sandra at the booth and i think he also has a couple of t shirts to give away if we have folks to that want to ask questions and i am sorry virtual people i cannot send you a virtual t shirt okay so i am ready for questions if we have time you know i think we might be out but yeah thank you very much jeffrey all right thank you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgtYlvIv36Q

they crazy if you guys enjoyed this video don't forget it that door absorb subscribe for more and in this one I'm gonna be going over all of the animals that I own I have a total of eight animals right here president I have spot I am six animals including the new bird but there is a mysterious seventh animal inside that I'm not sure how many people know of but I do have a total of seven pets thank you guys for joining but yes I have a total of seven pets and today I will be going over exactly all of their backstories and how I obtained all of them starting off with the oldest my oldest animal is Milo right here which is ten years old he's around ten years old I'm not sure exactly how old he is but he has ten years and a lot of people ask why do you why do you not take the fruit why don't you take him anywhere it's cuz he limps most of the time so he's limping he likes to take pisses everywhere which is really annoying and he shits everywhere so he's just an old so that's why I don't take his ass anyway the second-oldest is right here the rat is my second oldest dog and he's around seven years old maybe he's perhaps eight years old so here you guys see the rat eating some kibble I know you guys love no Greg is that the red ring I know you guys left sing the rap but oh the story the story on how I got both of these dogs I got them off of an ant so all my dogs I've gone completely free so shouts out all my aunt's were always gifted me badass dogs I actually got to choose Jesus a rainforest in here I told you actually got to choose the fruit out of nine dogs and he was the only Longford and I chose him so I guess the chose the freakiest one but hey you can't blame me for that fruit mm-hmm so yes the rat is seven years old everybody always thinks he's a puppy but he's not a puppy I hear Nismo that's not his MO that's the new bird show the birds oh yes he's yes yes the third-oldest right here the dog the dog Krypto which I believe is three point nine years old oh no no no no two point nine my bad so he's two years old almost at three I did say I was gonna throw a badass party for this dog and invite all the dogs are dogs here so I'm gonna have to work on that but Krypto was actually the story on how I got crudo was they originally gave us a female husky and we didn't want a so we gave the to my uncle and he gave us a puppy now Krypto was the only option he was the last male dog so I had no other choice but for this dog hung Krypto I have been taking him for morning runs just running with him oh yeah this is I believe the dog could be he has right now is what is it I forgot what it is but he there's like two types and he usually just eats the other type of just leaves all the table we're getting what a bastard so yeah that's third oldest and then there's the homie mismo I want you guys to tell what the new bird is which one's the new bird is it a or is it B I've seen a lot of babes I've dated a lot of beige the new bird is B right here I think his name is just gonna be new bird but we should just call it a Snowbird but yes this is Nismo you guys already knows this straight douchey look at him he does not care about life but if I was to do that to the only new bird I got to approach him real nice and slow but if I am gonna keep this dude I'm gonna need a bigger cage for both of these for both of these damn Birds it's pretty funny ever since this dude got here he's been hella screamy of course and then the homie mismo just shuts up he's like I am happy now bastard should we call the bird new bird or what should we call him I'm pretty sure I'm just gonna call it ass new bird what else would I call him ok son against Eddie okay okay Nismo the story on how I got Nismo is I was looking for a cockatiel and I actually found an ad online from a breeder so I drove over there which was about 30 minute drive I took a 30 minute drive to get this bird and the night god is asked I wasn't sure if it was a guy or girl but I'm pretty sure he's a guy just cuz he sings a lot he likes to sing but he is how I cry ever since that new bird Nemo and the reason why I named him is me I should go over the reasons the reason why I named him Nismo was because of the car I owned it's a nice solid and Nismo is a type of Nissan Krypto his name was from of course Krypto the Superdog the cartoon of Superman's dog the rat that is completely self-explanatory the fruit Milo is I just we just named a Milo I have no idea that's a normal typical dog named new bird we just named new bird exactly right now so this live stream witnessed it and then we have my favorite animal out of all of them they'll homie fries this is my latest animal besides the new bird book this is my latest animal that I have purchased he is an Indian Rick come on three something's wrong with his damn dance he is an Indian or ringneck and these parents are known to talk but I'm hoping he's a guy I still haven't done the DNA test I haven't taken the feathers off of him that's the only thing I need and then I need to ship it so I think I'm zoomed in you know check the mic you want me to check something else is the mic cut is the mic cut mic test is the mic 'it is the mic that mic test mic test like this Ford Raptor or Chevy Silverado okay I just plugged it so I'm pretty sure you guys could hear the raw s9 footage I mean audio okay so I guess it was the this is what I used to record with the s9 which you need an adapter because the the phones only have the headphone jack so you need this adapter which allows you to have a microphone and headphone so it's a damn splitter and on the end of it I have superglue so we won't wiggle and jiggle just like my eggs god damn it I'm trying to avoid the X jokes I'm sorry this is way better yes it is but I'm going to shove it in again and let me know if the audio is good or it might be the mic I'm not sure what it is but I'm gonna shove it in in 3 2 is the mic is the my good so I do have an external mic now that you guys mentioned the damn mic these are the mics I use on every video that I recorded the GoPro or with the phone this is a newer lapel microphone if I'm recording with the DSLR with the DSLR I have a shotgun mic oh wait all the mics over here this is the mic I record with every GoPro and phone footage oh it says very bad connection Thank You Metro piece of thank you guys for joining I want you guys to let me know what you guys are doing on this beautiful Thursday as far as the channel I need to edit I mean I need to film a bunch of videos I don't really have footage right now and I'm extremely lazy to go out and get the footage so I do need to get some footage for you guys and edit that up but that's it pretty much I just wanted to go over all my animals I think I went over everything let me know if you get do you guys have any questions go ahead and ask the questions for the animals I will be answering them right now k z-e love your channel I've been I've had a channel for your small time check get out spam Instagram I did just try to Instagram live and it went completely bad it would kept losing connection I'm not sure why so I just gave up on Instagram life screw Instagram live we're going straight to YouTube baby I feel more at home since I can't say what's up YouTube in the beginning it was kind of weird I was like what the hell is this Ford Raptor or Chevy Silverado Raptor all day it's Wednesday oops my bad miss is it Wednesday OU's right you right start twitch yes a twitch channel a gaming twitch channel or maybe IRL vlogs who knows IRL is crazy in twitch how many times a day do you feed your dog the food is over here I usually fill it up with the cup this size like three times a day how Crypt how you love your food but we do have a boner or one of you guys sent in and he's munching on a boner get an aquarium I'm really traumatized of fish when I was little we used to you're probably good reason why do when I was little before the the fruit read rudely interrupted me when I was little I did own fish and one of them jumped out and they pretty much died and the other one got extremely lonely so that traumatized me fish just creeped me the hell out look at this dude look at this get a snake Oh snakes yes I would get a snake out completely get a snake feed that dude the rats cousins hunter red I'm sorry dog rat just the babies just the babies get on direct genome what's your favorite vehicle for mushing Krypto my favorite is gonna have to be the drift trike if I'm trying to be extremely laid-back the drift trike if I'm trying to go fast the longboard cuz longboard you could really hit the VTEC on the longboard would you get a ferret lol have one and they are so funny yes they're really weird but I don't think I would get one they freaking remind me of Ned's Declassified so I would pretty much try to be the janitor we should probably make that reenact that damn show well here you go the rats going off on the food I don't know why the fruit doesn't try to compete with the rat yeah he tries to compete with Krypto get him to rat get o get his little propeller but yes a snake that would be an awesome pet it would just be awesome watching him freaking eat and filming him me or what's the other there's like this big dragon that would be awesome as well freaking huge dragon in the backyard this dude recently got a hook stuck on his lip right here and I filmed a bit but we had to get some pliers and chop it off it was kind of crazy I have no idea how it happened it's probably one of his damn toys hopefully learned his lesson that douche a hamster I owned hamsters before man hamsters aren't my thing Komodo dragon no it was not a komodo dragon I think those were wild savages the rat ain't paying for child support he's trying to I think get a Milo Milo Milo is like rape made a fruit I'm starting to mush my husky any tips just keep keep doing it just keep mushing his ass he'll get better he'll understand once with more experience so just keep mush together have you had a pitbull no I've only had chihuahuas Huskies and a border collie I'm from Guadalajara nice have you done any past dreams I have a bunch of live streams I'm from Texas I am from California Krypto are you in California how is it ours a dog in hot weather it's not really that hot here I think it's like 65 right now I'm from Buffalo buffalo those chewing on a buffalo what is the best thing to run the dog a longboard always a longboard you have three birds yes one of them just flew into my backyard and his name is da new bird so yes three Birds three dogs oh the mystery the mystery animal kze does you 61 people are about a witness the mystery animal that kz has owned are you guys ready I hope you guys are ready because I'm not ready so this is the setup okay this isn't part of the setup this is outside the cage this is the setup for the homie Hans Oh where's he at he's inside these dudes are nocturnal this dude's my leopard gecko and he's nocturnal so I shouldn't really be doing this but this is for video purposes they're nice things he recently shed but he's a leopard he's a Sun glow wrapped her head leopard gecko look at him just closing his eyes like it's a freaking tight is he's a beast is the cutest animal I own when he has his eyes opened at least he's slowly backing it up he's okay footage says he's gonna find his ass he's gonna find his way to the frickin other island already know him but let's leave the home alone that's the homie Hanzo my seventh why are you running what do you want dude I don't have anything you're still look at him he's still shedding are you still Shannon I love snakes and I have a snake I also have a snake if you would get another dog what would it be I don't think I would have owned another dog while Krypto is still around cuz it's all got to be on of course honk repel Krypto you're the only youtuber who replies we're on live what else can I say we're on live hung Krypto I had two hamsters both of them died in the food bowl haha you should have had a snake use the brush I Sam for shedding woo ELISA yes you are very right - Lisa why are you running Krypto why are you running I have no idea alright P HAMP's I had 20 hamsters geez dude I have one rat and I could barely take that hunk repel what if what if it was a free purebred German Shepherd would I take a German Shepherd mmm honestly I think I would I would take a German Shepherd just so this dog could have a little playmate hunk ripped out and then the homie you guys already know who I don't really want to say his name because it's gonna trigger him it's gonna trigger him real bad but the homie would just completely love a German Shepherd buddy as well I'm from Ireland and have a lab mix collie who can mush Yass I have both hamster and a snake yes yes Leslie you said his name settled damn good thing I don't have voice to text to speech even though I should really get that that's awesome I think that's all a twitch thing only maybe and I think you need to have OBS YouTube get with your damn live stream program dude what are you doing show your Perry I had a green Indian redneck he was like my brother but unfortunately he flew away he used to speak the homie fries are you talking about you just picked them are you talking about look he wants to shower won't take a shower go away take a shower this dude's probably like eight months old let's put a disco with light on his ass I [Music] just use stream labs for a text-to-speech can you do that on YouTube live that's my question to you my star I want to buy a chameleon oh yes their eyes look like they're looking at some battle booty I would own a chameleon would you own a Charmeleon de booty booty you want a booty you want a booty oh my gosh I have trained him well what can I say and then all the dogs come I already showed the parrot the parrot is right here his name is fleas this phone's really dumb i focusing with the fence he's tripping out over the camera not sure why he's getting a little bit wild I need a tame has asked more but Indian rednecks are known to be extremely stubborn but I need to tame this dude cuz I felt like if he does tricks that would be completely awesomeness what is mush mush is a dog pulling you how you like to mush mmm you can ask this dog any question in any questionable question voice and he'll just question it a pet rock I do not own oh there's a bunch of pet rocks over there if that's what you're talking about Willis dude the rat is looking for some beef dude what did you do come uncle boy this dogs a freaking hand if I just move my hand he will completely fall oh man look at this Oh slow the slow approach I like it I have a Jack Russell she can pull me on bike when she sees a cat ha ha ha get her to pull you every time look at him dude kick his ass Milo I know every time the rat does this he just goes Milo just goes took Krypto and then he just tries to beat him up Krypto what is your biggest fear Kryptos biggest fear the freaking the floaties that's his biggest fear the floaties like in the lake the he trips out over those whoa Krypto Mary I don't think he'll get married I think he will smash you will most definitely smash in this whole lifetime but I don't think he'll get married why don't you neuter your dogs because I heard it changes their their attitude and I don't really want that I want this dog to go completely wild every time he sees a damn cat I'm not sure if that's true but I don't want to take the risk I don't really want to change his behavior I don't want to change his the way he looks and dogs that's how dogs are dogs are naturally horny you shouldn't really try and stop that I used to have a budgie and knew how to talk but it let I let him go now he said his cat ate up oh my gosh that's buddy my tax the same she's still crazy but she has she was fixed but I guess every dog is different I'm a very good trainer for parents had teacher had teach one wild Indian ring-necked to do high-fives shake in three days oh nice that's what I need for the homey man free that's the new bird screaming how old are all your dogs I just went over that that was what this video was about go ahead and re watch the video don't quote me don't frickin quote me the hell that was wrong with you the script they'll have an oral hygiene routine oral hygiene routine he tongue punches deaf rubes that's about it it froze again no he never freezes my cockatiel flew in my backyard too now I have a little demon trying to bite me yeah that that that bird is completely wild he's a savage and he does not apply that's the bad thing he's a douche my cousin fixed his dog and now don't like doing nothing it just completely kills her testosterone so yeah I'm pretty sure it'll change a lot he won't be feeding and a little fiend is never bad this clip they're stolen the rod I have you tried giving him raw vegetables he does like vegetables but he's not anuradha anymore when is the name Ervil call me daddy when is the face reveal when is the fascia bill I'm pretty sure the next video I will be working on will be the half a shovel for 100,000 subs and the giveaway so half face reveal is really soon that's the next video and full face reveal oh it's not the next video I wouldn't say so much but full face reveal is at 200,000 subs so I'm not sure when that is what food do you feed now what do you feed okay let's go check the food cuz I completely forgot the damn food I think it's I don't want to say what it is cuz I forgot there it is okay can I turn flash on I could oh there it is here it is this is what I buy crypto right here pre arena one lamb and beef formula this is what I said that he there's two types and he always eats this one first and he leaves the kibble and I feed him three of these every day all throughout the day so one in the morning one around 4:00 and the other one at night or like half at night I'm not exactly sure how much that weighs and everything but shouts out the damn drift right man leave this as a flash I could just make night videos and everything my malum you loves lamb yeah lamb I need to try something nice turn off the flash does it make a difference just do his eyes go like a damn vampire crypto I think that's only an eight my poodle loves chicken the rat loves chicken all all animals look freaking chicken I don't have anything dude crypto sit speak see it speak speak nope like you don't have treats sit down sit down need to go sorry thanks for joining us stay never why did you stop eating crypto raw cuz I wasn't feeding him the which he actually had to feed him there's a bunch of stuff you have to feed him and I wasn't feeding him correctly so I just stopped feeding it even though chicken raw chicken isn't bad for them I'd rather just have them eat one certain type of food and not too I'm home alone freaking seven cockatiels on the loose completely savage Purina dog food sucks if the rat likes you Yoma that's how I got to say how expensive house is where you live probably like four hundred thousand five hundred thousand how do you keep your bullet Birds cool during summer heat if it's extremely hot of course I'm not gonna have them outside but it does not get too hot yes why don't you feed crypto taste of the wild I've heard that's a really good dog food I probably should look into different dog food honestly what do you recommend Salinas or would you live somewhere else ideally Salinas is extremely amazing it's an extremely Salinas has everything you need it's nearby to everything it's close to a lot of things but if you could get out of Salinas of course get out of Salinas [Music] do your intro already did the intro in the beginning you were here you missed it what is the care for birds pretty much just feed them change their food and water every day that's about it have give them occasional occasional showers the homing Nesbo completely hate showers the mist down I do miss this bird down and he loves it they are singing and talking yes well he's a seen they're just they're just whistling more did you get crypto I said it in the pre I said it previously but they originally gave us a female and I didn't want a so I kept one of his pup or one of her puppies I gave the to my uncle what parrot do you prefer an African ringneck or a black palm cockatiel oh the blacks look crazy but an African ringneck wait an African ringneck oh no I'll take the black palm I thought you talked about the the gray one well I forgot what it was called KZ II would rather fight one crypto size the read or tend the rats I screwed up damn that's a good one KZ would you rather fight how do I do stuff to comment KZ would you rather fight one crypto sized a rat that would be extremely disgusting first of all that would be like a beyond a super rat that would be a New York sewer rat so I think I might have to fight ten the rat sized crypto is cuz that'd be just extremely adorable it'll look like I'm just kicking you know poof so hair or something no the huge rat would be a menace to society you would not need to frickin survive that would be they would need to I would kill the rat honestly I would go for the rent the big sized rat just to do a freaking favor to everything and the sewers turtles I'll buy no Turtles if anything I would like to see Northern California or Chicago area Northern California where's that at give crypto a belly rub okay here it comes oh yeah Oh Debra wants in order for one ting oh oh my gosh dude he just completely took the hand over give the rat a hug you can't hug the rat I could pinch the rat the rat the rat does love his booty spanks that's a fact dude every time he's about to go into my dirty laundry oh he's give him a good booty spank then he just hops right in would you rather have a parallel or budgie I have both in them sitting I would rather have a budgie buddies are adorable they're adorable put the Rolly on the rat uh-huh I need to make a video on with the Rolly on and then like a gold shoelace just walk them around I felt like that video would be extremely awesome so yes Rolly videos on the rat coming soon one of them of course we're gonna have to take them to public places such as the mall which kze is known to have beef with them all hopefully I don't get knelt on and they ban me make the rat look like a gangster that's impossible dee adopt another dog would I adopt a dog with a ze adopt the dog if I was to adopt the dog I would honestly just adopt a female husky if she's not neutered coop that was just like completely rescue a freaking you know what guys I think for my 100 thousand video what that was in sub video I think what i'ma do is I'm a freaking go to the pound go to the Salinas pound and just donate like a bunch money like pie like 300 bucks start a freaking GoFundMe for them so I'm a star - GoFundMe where you guys could actually donate to them and we're gonna give all the money to them with a bunch of blankets so I think that's gonna go ahead and be the hundred thousand sub video forget celebrating work in a frickin give to the animal shelter because I feel like that's the right thing to do so one hundred thousand viewed one hundred thousand sub donation video will be soon get him get on my loan he's getting mad dude they're trying to take the battle for me the rash is like super freaking spice tea dude you guys don't even know the red honestly it's like we offset the offer how a connection guys does it look good I am currently on Metro and I tested it out previous to this and it was like around 10 megabytes upload of the hood speed he's kidding hey studio rat get on my light will this be the first ever battle between the rat and fruit I don't think so I think in my honestly he just keeps bugging him can I take my husky to Kryptos birthday party this birthday party is gonna be extremely VIP only just bought a for $20 dog imma go ahead and say it was a chihuahua do you like Trump the president is just a freaking the president has absolutely no control over the u.s. it's just a damn figure it doesn't matter if Obama or Trump are in the tap are in the our president it's the same thing it's the exact same thing the kind of dog is in front of Krypto this dog is along for Chihuahua $10,000 dog versus one dog dollar dog what do you get a female to rat look at him he's trying to get in I actually do have a girl for door at the the lady that sold me fries she's a breeder and she has a female but I'm actually go ahead and hit her up actually because the rat babies that's a must honestly that right for president 2020 you guys know the rat he wouldn't even do a thing dude he's just being his bed all day around video froze try refreezing is probably your despite the connection or something try a refreshing and not refreezing it haha I never freeze this is an orange tree that's right next to him when people say Oh your connection so bad I think it's freezing you guys are completely wrong I never played this crypto microchipped yes he is microchipped he's been microchip why don't you show your face I was sadly gonna have to show my face and 200,000 subs I don't know how I feel about that one's for you I don't know I don't want I don't know why I don't show my face I just never found the need for my face to be in a video since my videos have never been about me well I mean they are and they are above me but I don't know I just never want to show my face do you like Logan Paul I don't really watch this stuff how much does it cost to microchip a husky for like 30 bucks and it's the same I don't think it matters I don't think the dog breed matters I actually do need to change the number on his microchip so these guys know if I need a like if they could do that I'm pretty sure they could right I need a freaking update that and as well as his chain number so I need a I need a update his registration as far as these dogs they are not microchipped these dogs I don't even know if a microchip fits inside the read honestly where will they shove it in through I'm sorry it's traveling to another state easy with the dog um if you're in a car if you're in a spacious car it probably would be easy you would just need a stop for them to go to the restroom you could you could always take them on a plane but traveling with the dog is always the dog is always gonna be your main concern so it so it could always be pretty dangerous since you can't really focus on other stuff since you have a dog with you but it is really easy to travel with the dog that's really easy not the most convenient but it is easy have you ever been outside of America greetings from Germany I go to Mexico every other every other year so yes I go to Mexico and that's pretty much yeah I've only been in Mexico and Cali do they have their shots Krypto does since they made him take his shots these dogs I don't I think I don't really think they have their shots but shots they don't really matter you don't you don't really know what they're putting inside of them starlings do completely fine by themselves where's the homie he's probably at his house do you have a girlfriend I do not have a girlfriend where's Nismo at and this boy's inside that cage but I'm pretty sure this one is no no wait yeah this was such a do she's just looking at the floor where did the wreck there is man you guys are freaking more attentive than my ex dude's on now or Diaz how old are you I am 21 years old do you follow go on the Husky I don't follow anybody on my youtube channel okay that son las mujeres the Salinas I what then see our no Salinas girls Salinas girls there's there's a lot of pretty Salinas grows hola hermano hello hello is the free squeaking it that's him that's the one that's going like a freaking harambe they have really squeaky voices as far as is he talking yet no he's not really talking it I'm pretty sure all those little things he does just practice so we could just say I never breathed ah one day he's just randomly gonna say it do you speak Spanish fluently yes I I took Spanish one during college and I actually had a presentation on 4/20 so I went you know I was a good presentation do you have tattoos no KZ he does not have any tattoos would I get a tattoo kinda yeah I would get a tattoo probably like on my chest and my arm high double-a high double tattoo of course of course what's the Huskies name that is repet oh good do hmm gotta get back to class good luck with school man the homie fries trippin my crazy yeah the homie breeze is this heavy it sounds like we're in one up for life well kind of tat I have no idea that's why I don't have a tattoo because I wouldn't know what to get [Music] creep has kryptonite ever been aggressive yeah he's been aggressive how much does a German Shepherd cost a German Shepherd probably around around here pile around $400 it sounds like a zoo I live in Wakanda it's crypto your favorite dog yes he's my favorite dog the rat is my least favorite I'm the 369th subscriber thank you for subscribing if you guys aren't just subscribed go ahead and subscribe Black Panther was such a good movie and there's a lot of debates on the Black Panthers there's a lot of you know there's a lot of there's a lot of stuff that went on with Black Panther that was a crazy movie was it good it was pretty good it was nice and action II man Huskies over here cost $900 have you ever been to Ireland no I've only been to Mexico and California Ireland that would be freakin awesome I'll just let crypto off-leash and let them run in the freaking mountains or something something Irish you know do I know the Netherlands no first place I would travel to out of country would probably be I'll probably say Canada Canada seems like a nice place to go [Music] how often already said that Huskies are $1200 here in German Shepherds are like 2,000 to 5,000 jeez man there's dogs you could buy online that are already trained that cost that amount of money you could buy Doberman online that are already freaking k9 trained I don't know how these ship um the part I don't ship em in a box but Linton STR fries go waa bladder no the homie fries you just gotta keep repeating the words what's your name my name is daddy PMR am i think it's a.m. right now what time is it it is now it's p.m. it's 12 19 ugh jeez that is really sensational my puppy one was a puppy was $1,000 I know the homie Mauser was expensive he was expensive and he had a hospital bill so that dog don't we Mauser shoutout the only Mouser take crypto to Alaska oh yes I would go freaking fishing in Alaska oh I'm running low battery guys I am on 9 percent battery life it's 20 to 19 in Greece I don't I don't know Roman numerals bro go to Dominic Dominican Republic I would go to Rio Rio seems like a nice place just to see a bunch of random breezes just flying everywhere it sounds like a female did I make sound effects from my mouth what kind of bird would you recommend for the first time owner are you are they easy to look after what type of bird would I recommend oh I mean every bird has a bunch of different characteristics but I would recommend cockatoos cockatiels are freaking friendly little birds so cockatiel go for a cockatiel go to the buy a video of Krypto in Dubai that's probably like the next freakin channel gold or something what's a good starting dog chihuahuas are pretty easy Chihuahua 98,000 a sub strong you're so close to 100k I think that's gonna be all that in in this video if you guys enjoyed this video don't get any that thumbs up subscribe

they crazy if you guys enjoyed this video do not forget it that door absorb subscribe for more and in this one i am going to be going over all of the animals that i own i have a total of 8 animals right here president i have spot i am 6 animals including the new bird but there is a mysterious 7th animal inside that i am not sure how many people know of but i do have a total of 7 pets thank you guys for joining but yes i have a total of 7 pets and today i will be going over exactly all of their backstories and how i obtained all of them starting off with the oldest my oldest animal is milo right here which is 10 years old he is around 10 years old i am not sure exactly how old he is but he has 10 years and a lot of people ask why do you why do you not take the fruit why do not you take him anywhere it is cuz he limps most of the time so he is limping he likes to take pisses everywhere which is really annoying and he shits everywhere so he is just an old so that is why i do not take his ass anyway the 2nd oldest is right here the rat is my 2nd oldest dog and he is around 7 years old maybe he is perhaps 8 years old so here you guys see the rat eating some kibble i know you guys love no greg is that the red ring i know you guys left sing the rap but 0 the story the story on how i got both of these dogs i got them off of an ant so all my dogs i have gone completely free so shouts out all my aunt is were always gifted me badass dogs i actually got to choose jesus a rainforest in here i told you actually got to choose the fruit out of 9 dogs and he was the only longford and i chose him so i guess the chose the freakiest one but hey you can not blame me for that fruit so yes the rat is 7 years old everybody always thinks he is a puppy but he is not a puppy i hear nismo that is not his mo that is the new bird show the birds 0 yes he is yes yes the 3rd oldest right here the dog the dog krypto which i believe is 3.9 years old 0 no no no no 2.9 my bad so he is 2 years old almost at 3 i did say i was going to throw a badass party for this dog and invite all the dogs are dogs here so i am going to have to work on that but krypto was actually the story on how i got crudo was they originally gave us a female husky and we did not want a so we gave the to my uncle and he gave us a puppy now krypto was the only option he was the last male dog so i had no other choice but for this dog hung krypto i have been taking him for morning runs just running with him 0 yeah this is i believe the dog could be he has right now is what is it i forgot what it is but he there is like 2 types and he usually just eats the other type of just leaves all the table we are getting what a bastard so yeah that is 3rd oldest and then there is the homie mismo i want you guys to tell what the new bird is which one is the new bird is it a or is it b i have seen a lot of babes i have dated a lot of beige the new bird is b right here i think his name is just going to be new bird but we should just call it a snowbird but yes this is nismo you guys already knows this straight douchey look at him he does not care about life but if i was to do that to the only new bird i got to approach him real nice and slow but if i am going to keep this dude i am going to need a bigger cage for both of these for both of these damn birds it is pretty funny ever since this dude got here he has been hella screamy of course and then the homie mismo just shuts up he is like i am happy now bastard should we call the bird new bird or what should we call him i am pretty sure i am just going to call it ass new bird what else would i call him ok son against eddie okay okay nismo the story on how i got nismo is i was looking for a cockatiel and i actually found an ad online from a breeder so i drove over there which was about 30 minute drive i took a 30 minute drive to get this bird and the night god is asked i was not sure if it was a guy or girl but i am pretty sure he is a guy just cuz he sings a lot he likes to sing but he is how i cry ever since that new bird nemo and the reason why i named him is me i should go over the reasons the reason why i named him nismo was because of the car i owned it is a nice solid and nismo is a type of nissan krypto his name was from of course krypto the superdog the cartoon of superman is dog the rat that is completely self explanatory the fruit milo is i just we just named a milo i have no idea that is a normal typical dog named new bird we just named new bird exactly right now so this live stream witnessed it and then we have my favorite animal out of all of them they will homie fries this is my latest animal besides the new bird book this is my latest animal that i have purchased he is an indian rick come on 3 something is wrong with his damn dance he is an indian or ringneck and these parents are known to talk but i am hoping he is a guy i still have not done the dna test i have not taken the feathers off of him that is the only thing i need and then i need to ship it so i think i am zoomed in you know check the mic you want me to check something else is the mic cut is the mic cut mic test is the mic it is the mic that mic test mic test like this ford raptor or chevy silverado okay i just plugged it so i am pretty sure you guys could hear the raw s 9 footage i mean audio okay so i guess it was the this is what i used to record with the s 9 which you need an adapter because the the phones only have the headphone jack so you need this adapter which allows you to have a microphone and headphone so it is a damn splitter and on the end of it i have superglue so we will not wiggle and jiggle just like my eggs god damn it i am trying to avoid the x jokes i am sorry this is way better yes it is but i am going to shove it in again and let me know if the audio is good or it might be the mic i am not sure what it is but i am going to shove it in in 3 2 is the mic is the my good so i do have an external mic now that you guys mentioned the damn mic these are the mics i use on every video that i recorded the gopro or with the phone this is a newer lapel microphone if i am recording with the dslr with the dslr i have a shotgun mic 0 wait all the mics over here this is the mic i record with every gopro and phone footage 0 it says very bad connection thank you metro piece of thank you guys for joining i want you guys to let me know what you guys are doing on this beautiful thursday as far as the channel i need to edit i mean i need to film a bunch of videos i do not really have footage right now and i am extremely lazy to go out and get the footage so i do need to get some footage for you guys and edit that up but that is it pretty much i just wanted to go over all my animals i think i went over everything let me know if you get do you guys have any questions go ahead and ask the questions for the animals i will be answering them right now k z e love your channel i have been i have had a channel for your small time check get out spam instagram i did just try to instagram live and it went completely bad it would kept losing connection i am not sure why so i just gave up on instagram life screw instagram live we are going straight to youtube baby i feel more at home since i can not say what is up youtube in the beginning it was kind of weird i was like what the hell is this ford raptor or chevy silverado raptor all day it is wednesday oops my bad miss is it wednesday ou is right you right start twitch yes a twitch channel a gaming twitch channel or maybe irl vlogs who knows irl is crazy in twitch how many times a day do you feed your dog the food is over here i usually fill it up with the cup this size like 3 times a day how crypt how you love your food but we do have a boner or one of you guys sent in and he is munching on a boner get an aquarium i am really traumatized of fish when i was little we used to you are probably good reason why do when i was little before the the fruit read rudely interrupted me when i was little i did own fish and one of them jumped out and they pretty much died and the other one got extremely lonely so that traumatized me fish just creeped me the hell out look at this dude look at this get a snake 0 snakes yes i would get a snake out completely get a snake feed that dude the rats cousins hunter red i am sorry dog rat just the babies just the babies get on direct genome what is your favorite vehicle for mushing krypto my favorite is going to have to be the drift trike if i am trying to be extremely laid back the drift trike if i am trying to go fast the longboard cuz longboard you could really hit the vtec on the longboard would you get a ferret lol have one and they are so funny yes they are really weird but i do not think i would get one they freaking remind me of ned is declassified so i would pretty much try to be the janitor we should probably make that reenact that damn show well here you go the rats going off on the food i do not know why the fruit does not try to compete with the rat yeah he tries to compete with krypto get him to rat get 0 get his little propeller but yes a snake that would be an awesome pet it would just be awesome watching him freaking eat and filming him me or what is the other there is like this big dragon that would be awesome as well freaking huge dragon in the backyard this dude recently got a hook stuck on his lip right here and i filmed a bit but we had to get some pliers and chop it off it was kind of crazy i have no idea how it happened it is probably one of his damn toys hopefully learned his lesson that douche a hamster i owned hamsters before man hamsters are not my thing komodo dragon no it was not a komodo dragon i think those were wild savages the rat aint paying for child support he is trying to i think get a milo milo milo is like rape made a fruit i am starting to mush my husky any tips just keep keep doing it just keep mushing his ass he will get better he will understand once with more experience so just keep mush together have you had a pitbull no i have only had chihuahuas huskies and a border collie i am from guadalajara nice have you done any past dreams i have a bunch of live streams i am from texas i am from california krypto are you in california how is it ours a dog in hot weather it is not really that hot here i think it is like 65 right now i am from buffalo buffalo those chewing on a buffalo what is the best thing to run the dog a longboard always a longboard you have 3 birds yes one of them just flew into my backyard and his name is da new bird so yes 3 birds 3 dogs 0 the mystery the mystery animal kze does you 61 people are about a witness the mystery animal that kz has owned are you guys ready i hope you guys are ready because i am not ready so this is the setup okay this is not part of the setup this is outside the cage this is the setup for the homie hans 0 where is he at he is inside these dudes are nocturnal this dude is my leopard gecko and he is nocturnal so i should not really be doing this but this is for video purposes they are nice things he recently shed but he is a leopard he is a sun glow wrapped her head leopard gecko look at him just closing his eyes like it is a freaking tight is he is a beast is the cutest animal i own when he has his eyes opened at least he is slowly backing it up he is okay footage says he is going to find his ass he is going to find his way to the frickin other island already know him but let us leave the home alone that is the homie hanzo my 7th why are you running what do you want dude i do not have anything you are still look at him he is still shedding are you still shannon i love snakes and i have a snake i also have a snake if you would get another dog what would it be i do not think i would have owned another dog while krypto is still around cuz it is all got to be on of course honk repel krypto you are the only youtuber who replies we are on live what else can i say we are on live hung krypto i had 2 hamsters both of them died in the food bowl haha you should have had a snake use the brush i sam for shedding woo elisa yes you are very right lisa why are you running krypto why are you running i have no idea alright p hamp is i had 20 hamsters geez dude i have one rat and i could barely take that hunk repel what if what if it was a free purebred german shepherd would i take a german shepherd honestly i think i would i would take a german shepherd just so this dog could have a little playmate hunk ripped out and then the homie you guys already know who i do not really want to say his name because it is going to trigger him it is going to trigger him real bad but the homie would just completely love a german shepherd buddy as well i am from ireland and have a lab mix collie who can mush yass i have both hamster and a snake yes yes leslie you said his name settled damn good thing i do not have voice to text to speech even though i should really get that that is awesome i think that is all a twitch thing only maybe and i think you need to have obs youtube get with your damn live stream program dude what are you doing show your perry i had a green indian redneck he was like my brother but unfortunately he flew away he used to speak the homie fries are you talking about you just picked them are you talking about look he wants to shower will not take a shower go away take a shower this dude is probably like 8 months old let us put a disco with light on his ass i just use stream labs for a text to speech can you do that on youtube live that is my question to you my star i want to buy a chameleon 0 yes their eyes look like they are looking at some battle booty i would own a chameleon would you own a charmeleon de booty booty you want a booty you want a booty 0 my gosh i have trained him well what can i say and then all the dogs come i already showed the parrot the parrot is right here his name is fleas this phone is really dumb i focusing with the fence he is tripping out over the camera not sure why he is getting a little bit wild i need a tame has asked more but indian rednecks are known to be extremely stubborn but i need to tame this dude cuz i felt like if he does tricks that would be completely awesomeness what is mush mush is a dog pulling you how you like to mush you can ask this dog any question in any questionable question voice and he will just question it a pet rock i do not own 0 there is a bunch of pet rocks over there if that is what you are talking about willis dude the rat is looking for some beef dude what did you do come uncle boy this dogs a freaking hand if i just move my hand he will completely fall 0 man look at this 0 slow the slow approach i like it i have a jack russell she can pull me on bike when she sees a cat ha ha ha get her to pull you every time look at him dude kick his ass milo i know every time the rat does this he just goes milo just goes took krypto and then he just tries to beat him up krypto what is your biggest fear kryptos biggest fear the freaking the floaties that is his biggest fear the floaties like in the lake the he trips out over those whoa krypto mary i do not think he will get married i think he will smash you will most definitely smash in this whole lifetime but i do not think he will get married why do not you neuter your dogs because i heard it changes their their attitude and i do not really want that i want this dog to go completely wild every time he sees a damn cat i am not sure if that is true but i do not want to take the risk i do not really want to change his behavior i do not want to change his the way he looks and dogs that is how dogs are dogs are naturally horny you should not really try and stop that i used to have a budgie and knew how to talk but it let i let him go now he said his cat ate up 0 my gosh that is buddy my tax the same she is still crazy but she has she was fixed but i guess every dog is different i am a very good trainer for parents had teacher had teach one wild indian ring necked to do high 5s shake in 3 days 0 nice that is what i need for the homey man free that is the new bird screaming how old are all your dogs i just went over that that was what this video was about go ahead and re watch the video do not quote me do not frickin quote me the hell that was wrong with you the script they will have an oral hygiene routine oral hygiene routine he tongue punches deaf rubes that is about it it froze again no he never freezes my cockatiel flew in my backyard too now i have a little demon trying to bite me yeah that that that bird is completely wild he is a savage and he does not apply that is the bad thing he is a douche my cousin fixed his dog and now do not like doing nothing it just completely kills her testosterone so yeah i am pretty sure it will change a lot he will not be feeding and a little fiend is never bad this clip they are stolen the rod i have you tried giving him raw vegetables he does like vegetables but he is not anuradha anymore when is the name ervil call me daddy when is the face reveal when is the fascia bill i am pretty sure the next video i will be working on will be the half a shovel for 100000 subs and the giveaway so half face reveal is really soon that is the next video and full face reveal 0 it is not the next video i would not say so much but full face reveal is at 200000 subs so i am not sure when that is what food do you feed now what do you feed okay let us go check the food cuz i completely forgot the damn food i think it is i do not want to say what it is cuz i forgot there it is okay can i turn flash on i could 0 there it is here it is this is what i buy crypto right here pre arena one lamb and beef formula this is what i said that he there is 2 types and he always eats this 11st and he leaves the kibble and i feed him 3 of these every day all throughout the day so one in the morning one around 4 0 and the other one at night or like half at night i am not exactly sure how much that weighs and everything but shouts out the damn drift right man leave this as a flash i could just make night videos and everything my malum you loves lamb yeah lamb i need to try something nice turn off the flash does it make a difference just do his eyes go like a damn vampire crypto i think that is only an 8 my poodle loves chicken the rat loves chicken all all animals look freaking chicken i do not have anything dude crypto sit speak see it speak speak nope like you do not have treats sit down sit down need to go sorry thanks for joining us stay never why did you stop eating crypto raw cuz i was not feeding him the which he actually had to feed him there is a bunch of stuff you have to feed him and i was not feeding him correctly so i just stopped feeding it even though chicken raw chicken is not bad for them i would rather just have them eat one certain type of food and not too i am home alone freaking 7 cockatiels on the loose completely savage purina dog food sucks if the rat likes you yoma that is how i got to say how expensive house is where you live probably like 900000 how do you keep your bullet birds cool during summer heat if it is extremely hot of course i am not going to have them outside but it does not get too hot yes why do not you feed crypto taste of the wild i have heard that is a really good dog food i probably should look into different dog food honestly what do you recommend salinas or would you live somewhere else ideally salinas is extremely amazing it is an extremely salinas has everything you need it is nearby to everything it is close to a lot of things but if you could get out of salinas of course get out of salinas do your intro already did the intro in the beginning you were here you missed it what is the care for birds pretty much just feed them change their food and water every day that is about it have give them occasional occasional showers the homing nesbo completely hate showers the mist down i do miss this bird down and he loves it they are singing and talking yes well he is a seen they are just they are just whistling more did you get crypto i said it in the pre i said it previously but they originally gave us a female and i did not want a so i kept one of his pup or one of her puppies i gave the to my uncle what parrot do you prefer an african ringneck or a black palm cockatiel 0 the blacks look crazy but an african ringneck wait an african ringneck 0 no i will take the black palm i thought you talked about the the gray one well i forgot what it was called kz ii would rather fight one crypto size the read or tend the rats i screwed up damn that is a good one kz would you rather fight how do i do stuff to comment kz would you rather fight one crypto sized a rat that would be extremely disgusting 1st of all that would be like a beyond a super rat that would be a new york sewer rat so i think i might have to fight 10 the rat sized crypto is cuz that would be just extremely adorable it will look like i am just kicking you know poof so hair or something no the huge rat would be a menace to society you would not need to frickin survive that would be they would need to i would kill the rat honestly i would go for the rent the big sized rat just to do a freaking favor to everything and the sewers turtles i will buy no turtles if anything i would like to see northern california or chicago area northern california where is that at give crypto a belly rub okay here it comes 0 yeah 0 debra wants in order for one ting 0 my gosh dude he just completely took the hand over give the rat a hug you can not hug the rat i could pinch the rat the rat the rat does love his booty spanks that is a fact dude every time he is about to go into my dirty laundry 0 he is give him a good booty spank then he just hops right in would you rather have a parallel or budgie i have both in them sitting i would rather have a budgie buddies are adorable they are adorable put the rolly on the rat huh i need to make a video on with the rolly on and then like a gold shoelace just walk them around i felt like that video would be extremely awesome so yes rolly videos on the rat coming soon one of them of course we are going to have to take them to public places such as the mall which kze is known to have beef with them all hopefully i do not get knelt on and they ban me make the rat look like a gangster that is impossible dee adopt another dog would i adopt a dog with a ze adopt the dog if i was to adopt the dog i would honestly just adopt a female husky if she is not neutered coop that was just like completely rescue a freaking you know what guys i think for my 100000 video what that was in sub video i think what i am going to do is i am a freaking go to the pound go to the salinas pound and just donate like a bunch money like pie like 300 bucks start a freaking gofundme for them so i am a star gofundme where you guys could actually donate to them and we are going to give all the money to them with a bunch of blankets so i think that is going to go ahead and be the 100000 sub video forget celebrating work in a frickin give to the animal shelter because i feel like that is the right thing to do so 100000 viewed 100000 sub donation video will be soon get him get on my loan he is getting mad dude they are trying to take the battle for me the rash is like super freaking spice tea dude you guys do not even know the red honestly it is like we offset the offer how a connection guys does it look good i am currently on metro and i tested it out previous to this and it was like around 10 megabytes upload of the hood speed he is kidding hey studio rat get on my light will this be the 1st ever battle between the rat and fruit i do not think so i think in my honestly he just keeps bugging him can i take my husky to kryptos birthday party this birthday party is going to be extremely vip only just bought a for $20 dog i am going to go ahead and say it was a chihuahua do you like trump the president is just a freaking the president has absolutely no control over the u s it is just a damn figure it does not matter if obama or trump are in the tap are in the our president it is the same thing it is the exact same thing the kind of dog is in front of krypto this dog is along for chihuahua $10000 dog versus one dog dollar dog what do you get a female to rat look at him he is trying to get in i actually do have a girl for door at the the lady that sold me fries she is a breeder and she has a female but i am actually go ahead and hit her up actually because the rat babies that is a must honestly that right for president 2020 you guys know the rat he would not even do a thing dude he is just being his bed all day around video froze try refreezing is probably your despite the connection or something try a refreshing and not refreezing it haha i never freeze this is an orange tree that is right next to him when people say 0 your connection so bad i think it is freezing you guys are completely wrong i never played this crypto microchipped yes he is microchipped he has been microchip why do not you show your face i was sadly going to have to show my face and 200000 subs i do not know how i feel about that one is for you i do not know i do not want i do not know why i do not show my face i just never found the need for my face to be in a video since my videos have never been about me well i mean they are and they are above me but i do not know i just never want to show my face do you like logan paul i do not really watch this stuff how much does it cost to microchip a husky for like 30 bucks and it is the same i do not think it matters i do not think the dog breed matters i actually do need to change the number on his microchip so these guys know if i need a like if they could do that i am pretty sure they could right i need a freaking update that and as well as his chain number so i need a i need a update his registration as far as these dogs they are not microchipped these dogs i do not even know if a microchip fits inside the read honestly where will they shove it in through i am sorry it is traveling to another state easy with the dog if you are in a car if you are in a spacious car it probably would be easy you would just need a stop for them to go to the restroom you could you could always take them on a plane but traveling with the dog is always the dog is always going to be your main concern so it so it could always be pretty dangerous since you can not really focus on other stuff since you have a dog with you but it is really easy to travel with the dog that is really easy not the most convenient but it is easy have you ever been outside of america greetings from germany i go to mexico every other every other year so yes i go to mexico and that is pretty much yeah i have only been in mexico and cali do they have their shots krypto does since they made him take his shots these dogs i do not i think i do not really think they have their shots but shots they do not really matter you do not you do not really know what they are putting inside of them starlings do completely fine by themselves where is the homie he is probably at his house do you have a girlfriend i do not have a girlfriend where is nismo at and this boy is inside that cage but i am pretty sure this one is no no wait yeah this was such a do she is just looking at the floor where did the wreck there is man you guys are freaking more attentive than my ex dude is on now or diaz how old are you i am 21 years old do you follow go on the husky i do not follow anybody on my youtube channel okay that son las mujeres the salinas i what then see our no salinas girls salinas girls there is there is a lot of pretty salinas grows hola hermano hello hello is the free squeaking it that is him that is the one that is going like a freaking harambe they have really squeaky voices as far as is he talking yet no he is not really talking it i am pretty sure all those little things he does just practice so we could just say i never breathed ah one day he is just randomly going to say it do you speak spanish fluently yes i i took spanish one during college and i actually had a presentation on 4 20 so i went you know i was a good presentation do you have tattoos no kz he does not have any tattoos would i get a tattoo kinda yeah i would get a tattoo probably like on my chest and my arm high double a high double tattoo of course of course what is the huskies name that is repet 0 good do got to get back to class good luck with school man the homie fries trippin my crazy yeah the homie breeze is this heavy it sounds like we are in one up for life well kind of tat i have no idea that is why i do not have a tattoo because i would not know what to get creep has kryptonite ever been aggressive yeah he has been aggressive how much does a german shepherd cost a german shepherd probably around around here pile around $400 it sounds like a zoo i live in wakanda it is crypto your favorite dog yes he is my favorite dog the rat is my least favorite i am the 369th subscriber thank you for subscribing if you guys are not just subscribed go ahead and subscribe black panther was such a good movie and there is a lot of debates on the black panthers there is a lot of you know there is a lot of there is a lot of stuff that went on with black panther that was a crazy movie was it good it was pretty good it was nice and action ii man huskies over here cost $900 have you ever been to ireland no i have only been to mexico and california ireland that would be freakin awesome i will just let crypto off leash and let them run in the freaking mountains or something something irish you know do i know the netherlands no 1st place i would travel to out of country would probably be i will probably say canada canada seems like a nice place to go how often already said that huskies are $1200 here in german shepherds are like 2000 to 5000 jeez man there is dogs you could buy online that are already trained that cost that amount of money you could buy doberman online that are already freaking k 9 trained i do not know how these ship the part i do not ship em in a box but linton str fries go waa bladder no the homie fries you just got to keep repeating the words what is your name my name is daddy pmr am i think it is a m right now what time is it it is now it is p m it is 12 19 ugh jeez that is really sensational my puppy one was a puppy was $1000 i know the homie mauser was expensive he was expensive and he had a hospital bill so that dog do not we mauser shoutout the only mouser take crypto to alaska 0 yes i would go freaking fishing in alaska 0 i am running low battery guys i am on 9% battery life it is 20 to 19 in greece i do not i do not know roman numerals bro go to dominic dominican republic i would go to rio rio seems like a nice place just to see a bunch of random breezes just flying everywhere it sounds like a female did i make sound effects from my mouth what kind of bird would you recommend for the 1st time owner are you are they easy to look after what type of bird would i recommend 0 i mean every bird has a bunch of different characteristics but i would recommend cockatoos cockatiels are freaking friendly little birds so cockatiel go for a cockatiel go to the buy a video of krypto in dubai that is probably like the next freakin channel gold or something what is a good starting dog chihuahuas are pretty easy chihuahua 98000 a sub strong you are so close to 100 k i think that is going to be all that in in this video if you guys enjoyed this video do not get any that thumbs up subscribe

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PV9CvK2HusA

[Music] hello and welcome to my career in data a podcast where we discuss with industry leaders and experts how they have built their careers I'm your host Shannon Kemp and today we're talking to Katrina Ingram from ethically aligned [Laughter] AI more and more companies are considering investing in data literacy education but still have questions about its value purpose and how to get the ball rolling introducing the newest monthly webinar series from dataversity elevating Enterprise data literacy where we discuss the landscape of data literacy and answer your burning questions learn more about this new series and register for free at dataversity Donnet hello and welcome my name is Shannon Kemp and I'm the chief digital officer at dataversity and this is my career in data a dataversity talks podcast dedicated to learning from those who have careers in data manag management to understand how they got there and to be talking with people who help make those careers a little bit easier to keep up to date in the latest in data management education go to dat divers city.net subscribe today we are joined by Katrina Ingram the founder and CEO of ethically aligned Ai and normally this is where a podcast host would read a short bio of the guest but in this podcast your bio is what we're here to talk about Katrina hello and welcome Hey Shannon how are you good how are you doing I am doing well looking forward to our chat me too so let's dive in um I love your background you are the founder and CEO of ethically aligned AI so tell me about the company yeah absolutely so there's a little bit of a backstory to this company um I actually did a midlife career pivot in 2017 so I went back to school and I started doing a master's degree in Communications and Technology at the University of Alberta and while I was there I encountered this topic of AI ethics so this is 2018 and I was really interested in this topic I just wanted to dig into it I spent all my time researching it and trying to understand how data scientists and machine learning experts were thinking about ethics were they even thinking about ethics um and so when I graduated in 2020 I really wanted to keep going in this field but I didn't really see any companies really focused on this issue so I decided to launch my own company in 2021 ethically aligned AI um we're a social Enterprise and uh we focus on helping organizations to build and deploy better more responsible AI Solutions and what that's looked like in the past couple of years is a lot of Education because people don't really know um how AI has been impacting them I think they're starting to get a sense of that now as we're kind of living through this you know AI hype cycle at the moment but a couple of years ago it wasn't really app parent so I did a lot of work in education a lot of training a lot of workshops and a lot of Consulting um and I'm really excited because we're embarking um on some new work in the realm of tools and some technologies that we're going to build to deliver a process to help with responsible AI so that's a little bit about me and the company and how we got started oh that's very cool and I'm excited to learn how uh you decided to make that make career shift but let's back it up as so um a little bit so tell me what you think what is your definition in a responsible AI the what's the focus there yeah it's really interesting so you can look at this from two different perspectives so the perspective that um first hit me was look at all the harmful things that are happening with AI so this is 2018 we're talking about facial recognition we're talking about AI gone wrong scenarios we were talking about all the ways in which AI was impacting people and causing really harmful outcomes discrimination bias unfairness of all kinds so that's kind of one way of framing it or you could look at it and go what are all the ways in which we could do better and be more responsible and more thoughtful in terms of how we're building these products so we can get to better outcomes and I do look at it both ways um sometimes it's helpful just to illustrate the ways in which harms are happening um so that you can get to that better outcome so that's really what responsible AI is all about um the practices the processes uh the tools that you need to get to these better outcomes oh very nice so um then how do you work with your customers what's your typical work week look like well we are a startup so every week is a little bit different um and I still have one foot in h Academia so for example this week I was marching a lot of papers I I taught a summer course um on AI ethics at the University so I was doing a lot of that um but on any given week I'm doing some business development I'm talking with new potential clients um I'm doing consulting work with existing clients I'm putting together training courses um I spend a lot of time reading because this field is um it's just happening so rapidly everything is changing and in flux so I really feel the need to be really up on the latest research and the latest things that are going on so I do a lot of reading um and then I I do some media engagements things like this podcast for example so that's kind of a it's a nice mix it's a whole bunch of different things that I'll do in a week sure sure absolutely so so tell me then Katrina was this the dream so like say you were six years old and was this the dream when I grow up I want to be a founder and CEO of a company that promotes responsible Ai No nowhere close um I want to be a fashion designer that was kind of my first Dream yeah yeah and then the adults they kind of come in and they're like are you sure you really want to do that and um and so I didn't pursue that actually wound up in business school instead um studying to be a marketer so it it was kind of like you know this reality uh check on on the dream but I I think in hindsight I probably gave up on that a little too soon um but the other thing yeah the other thing I wanted to do is write I I really want to be a writer um and I kind of feel like I'm closer to that because I'm doing a lot of writing I do writing for my blog I write my courses I write speeches so I maybe like closer to that dream um but yeah the idea of AI I mean that was just not even in the you know in the consideration set at all oh interesting so you went into study business then so what why did you pursue that and and where did that lead you where did you start what' you end up majoring in yeah I'll I'll tell you the the journey that you get here um it's really weird I think probably a lot of people think they have a really like circuitous career journey I know I did I 100% know that's true so yeah so I started in business school um and to get my creative fixed I thought I'll major in marketing that'll be my thing um so I started out um when I graduated I went to work at an ad agency so this is um in the 90s and I didn't love it it was a little Cutthroat it a little nelrose place if you remember that TV show people were kind of like that and I was a little bit that wasn't me I I couldn't you know step on other people or do any of that so um anyways I found my way into the the technology space um working at a company called Crystal decisions and that might be a name that's familiar to some of the audience because we made Crystal Reports which is the big reporting software um of the of the time anyways and um we were in the bi space um and I was doing marketing and some of it was really interesting but honestly it wasn't quite creative enough I didn't quite feel like it was my thing and on my way to work every day I used to walk past the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation building the CBC um and and I thought you know wouldn't it be fun to work in broadcasting it' be so cool so um one day I quit my job and I I applied at the CBC and I started working in radio and I loved it it was it was great um and then that led to other um career opportunities to manage a radio station here in Alberta where I'm from so I managed an indie music station called ckua radio um and it was super fun um and that's kind of where I stayed until that 2017 moment where I decided I was going to Pivot and go back to school um so in a weird way like I'm back in technology again but with a completely different slant on on everything sure oh that's so fascinating how fun to work for uh you know radio I've always envisioned in in some kind of radio career if in some other dimension past life of mine it's a fun place especially in radio it's kind of like um that old TV show W krp where you have all these weird characters and you're just trying to like get them you know organized they kind of felt like it was hurting cats on any given day I'm sure so you know um so you went back into technology you know and so when you started school again you know what what was the intent there what was the uh um the the really the drive the passion that you started of classes you started signing up for yeah well to be totally honest Shannon I was you know I was feeling a bit lost at that point because what was going on for me is I I was watching media blow up in some ways so a lot of the challenges with media which have to do with technology because technology came in and it kind of undercut the business model for a lot of media organizations and we see that especially with news um printed newspapers being kind of the biggest example and while I was a little bit um insulated from that I had a lot of friends working in media and I I really had this moment where I thought do I want to keep going in this field or do I want to try some new things and I honestly didn't know what those new things were so this degree sounded interesting and I thought I'll go and work it out and figure out what I want to do next so it wasn't super intentional in in the sense of I want to go and retrain to be X it was a little bit more halfhazard um and accidental and just kind of I I I'm going to try this I'm going to see what emerges from this process um and and good things did emerge from it so so that was really how it all worked out How brave I love that that is so Brave and Bold and just way to follow your your instincts and doing what you needed to do for you and and take a chance so oh I love that with a robust catalog of courses offered on demand and industry-leading live online sessions throughout the year the data Verity Training Center is your Launchpad for Career Success browse the complete catalog at training. dataversity Donnet and use code DV talks for 20% off your purchase so what was your biggest lesson then so far in in your career yeah I think it's this idea we're told at a young age that we're gonna have this really linear career path like we're going to go into something we're going to climb the ladder we're going to get to you know the top of that ladder and it's all going to be super linear and so my biggest lesson has been it's it's not really like that and that's okay um and in fact I recently I love this quote I love Malcolm Gladwell and he said uh this quote he said it's a risk not to change careers and I'm like that's fantastic I I feel really validated when I do something like that so so that's kind of like my big you know maybe life lesson and then the other thing I'll add like as an entrepreneur the other really big piece of advice that I got is to say yes to Opportunities um you may not always always know exactly how you're going to accomplish that goal but there's something about stepping out there and saying yes and then figuring it out as you go that I think is really essential to the journey of being an entrepreneur and being bold about things and so that's something that I think about a lot too because sometimes it feels like risky like I don't know how I'm going to do this but you know what I'm gonna sign up and say yes and I I feel confident I can figure it out ah so true so Bri you know part of why we uh started this podcast is because you know I to grew up you know believing that my that career path would be so linear and especially in data you know there um for for anybody older than Jen Z I think you know it wasn't a a was there wasn't really a you know a college degree there wasn't a you know data was just this kind of obscure thing out on the edges so nobody in data management really had a straight path to it it's just everyone just kind of stumbled into it you know and it's so true and it's so fun to explore and hear how people have explored to find their their path and their niche in data yeah absolutely I'm even just um thinking about your the title data Verity and I'm thinking about diversity and data and all these diverse people coming together and I love that yeah it's funny um in fact uh when I'm doing a webinar you know people turn on the transcript which is AI you know uh based right uh to and then the transcript never gets data versity right and it always translates to diversity oh my goodness well you know progress getting there so so tell me now so now what's your definition of data yeah um I'm GNA answer that question I'm going to try something here we're going to do a little experiment if you're up for it Shannon oh yes I am okay so here's the experiment so um everyone uh listening and those of us here on the podcast we all have heartbeats I hope we all have heartbeats because we don't we have a we have bigger problems here so my question is is your heartbeat data let's just like pause for a second and consider that is your heartbeat data so if we think about that we can think about that the idea that a heartbeat has the potential Tob data and I don't know Shannon are you wearing Fitbit at all I have my Apple watch oh you have your Apple watch okay good so you are probably rendering something your heartbeat perhaps into Data you're turning it into data and those of you out there listening who have a Fitbit or an Apple Watch you're doing the same thing so we think about data as as this thing that we can capture so there's lots of different um things that can be represented so I always think of data as a representation of a phenomenon it's kind of a snapshot of something and it's linked to this idea of being able to capture something and what's happening right now is we have more and more ways of capturing things so we have more and more ways of turning things into Data that we could never really turn into Data before and we have ways to store those things and we have ways to leverage those things into new you know analytics and so forth and so that's part of how I think of data um and then the other piece that I think of is um this idea of data as an assemblage so it's not just the output it's not just like the heartbeat number for me it's that whole process of what we've done so we captured it we're using it in certain ways we've made decisions to even collect it as data and so as an ethesis what I do is I look at all that context and I I look at the ethical questions that might come with that so that's kind of a way of how I think about data and um and kind of what it means to me as a data episod oh I love that perspective and it's so true and I do I do love my fitness data I do we were I was at a um at a conference recently and there was a yoga class offered and the g next to me I'm like oh I forgot to start my my watch and she's like oh yeah me too she's like it doesn't count unless we capture the data well so funny so I'm like a huge Orange Theory um Enthusiast and some people are like well what do you mean like aren't you the one who's all about privacy and ethics and all I am but I'm like but it's useful to me because I you know I can see what I'm doing in terms of my workout and where I'm going and so it's kind of serving me in that moment and so yeah I'm I'm big on the the Health Data as well yeah I love it that's the fun thing about data right it's in everything and everywhere and and we get to work with it in so many exciting ways that benefit us yeah um so tell me Katrina do you see the importance then of data management and the number of jobs working with data increasing or decreasing over the next 10 years and why yeah it's it's so vital um you know when we think about data data is everywhere and every company is becoming a technology company so we used to think of tech companies as like Microsoft or apple and yeah those are tech companies but increasingly what we're seeing is your grocery store is becoming a tech company the car company is becoming a check company it's all about data data is really at the heart of all of that and so data is everywhere and data is um part of everyone's job whether you recognize that or not and so this idea of really understanding like being uh data literate understanding data governance understanding data management like it's incredibly important understanding ethics as well all like super important to pretty much any um kind of job that you're going to have now and in the future H very true so what advice then would you give to people who are looking to get into a career in data yeah um there's so much to learn about data I mean it's such a fascinating topic obviously there's great podcasts like this and all of the great resources on data Verity so I highly recommend all of that you got some fantastic guests like some real Heavy Hitters on when I looked at who's who's who of data Laura Sebastian Coleman Peter raiken they've all been on this podcast so there's some really great people to follow um I also love the G community so um DEA is the the data management Community um they have this massive book um which is their body of knowledge and um I spent some really um good time with uh my local dma group going through that book um and it was fun because they doing it as a group project and you're like yeah helping each other out and and that and also building community at the same time so I I think get connected to community that would be part of my advice um and then I I think also sometimes it can feel intimidating if you're especially if you're thinking oh this is the career pivot or something different but there's ways to add data to whatever you're doing right now so if you're an educator um you have an education background like myself you can help to you learn about data and teach data courses if you're a lawyer maybe you can pivot into privacy and data like there's ways to kind of add data to a career that you already have if that's what you're doing so there's lots of different opportunities oh such great advice I love that so and and Katrina I I'm curious I'm so curious to like what's the number one like advice as an that you give to your customers about being responsible with AI you know what is the the core of being uh ethical yeah and responsible I mean really ethics a lot of Ethics is about being really thoughtful and intentional about your process so I think um number one if you're wanting to be responsible that's a fantastic start you're you're starting out you want to do something positive um I think you can look at everything um holistically so sometimes it's really tempting just to look at uh the solution but you should look at the problem that you're trying to solve before you kind of jump to the solution and then sort of figure out what's going on here and from an ethic standpoint what makes sense as a solution who might be impacted so start really thinking holistically about um how you're approaching things um and then just try and iterate and do better next time I think that you know sometimes people get intimidated and they think I have to have everything perfect the first time out um I try to encourage people but that's not necessarily the case what it's about is trying to build up a capacity for ethical thinking and responsible AI in your company and then just kind of building on that and iterating so that's really what I encourage people to do very nice and if somebody wanted to reach out to and solicit your services how would they find you sure well um there's lots of information on my website ethically aligned ai.com I'm also on LinkedIn a lot so you can find me there it's another good place um yeah those are probably the two main sources oh this has been so great uh Katrina thank you so much for joining us today well thanks so much for the invite it's been a lot of fun it's been a great fun so I'm I'm really excited to watch what you do and because it's I think this topic is just getting bigger and bigger and better uh and more important it's so important right now with all the generative Ai and everything else out there so thank you for taking this on champ well and to all of our listeners out there if you'd like to keep up to date in the latest in podcast and in the latest in data management education you may go to daters city.net subscribe until next time and stay curious everyone thank you for listening to dataversity talks a podcast brought to you by dataversity subscribe to our newsletter for podcast updates and information about our free educational webinars at day diversity. Nets [Laughter] subscribe

hello and welcome to my career in data a podcast where we discuss with industry leaders and experts how they have built their careers i am your host shannon kemp and today we are talking to katrina ingram from ethically aligned ai more and more companies are considering investing in data literacy education but still have questions about its value purpose and how to get the ball rolling introducing the newest monthly webinar series from dataversity elevating enterprise data literacy where we discuss the landscape of data literacy and answer your burning questions learn more about this new series and register for free at dataversity donnet hello and welcome my name is shannon kemp and i am the chief digital officer at dataversity and this is my career in data a dataversity talks podcast dedicated to learning from those who have careers in data manag management to understand how they got there and to be talking with people who help make those careers a little bit easier to keep up to date in the latest in data management education go to dat divers city net subscribe today we are joined by katrina ingram the founder and ceo of ethically aligned ai and normally this is where a podcast host would read a short bio of the guest but in this podcast your bio is what we are here to talk about katrina hello and welcome hey shannon how are you good how are you doing i am doing well looking forward to our chat me too so let us dive in i love your background you are the founder and ceo of ethically aligned ai so tell me about the company yeah absolutely so there is a little bit of a backstory to this company i actually did a midlife career pivot in 2017 so i went back to school and i started doing a master is degree in communications and technology at the university of alberta and while i was there i encountered this topic of ai ethics so this is 2018 and i was really interested in this topic i just wanted to dig into it i spent all my time researching it and trying to understand how data scientists and machine learning experts were thinking about ethics were they even thinking about ethics and so when i graduated in 2020 i really wanted to keep going in this field but i did not really see any companies really focused on this issue so i decided to launch my own company in 2021 ethically aligned ai we are a social enterprise and we focus on helping organizations to build and deploy better more responsible ai solutions and what that is looked like in the past couple of years is a lot of education because people do not really know how ai has been impacting them i think they are starting to get a sense of that now as we are kind of living through this you know ai hype cycle at the moment but a couple of years ago it was not really app parent so i did a lot of work in education a lot of training a lot of workshops and a lot of consulting and i am really excited because we are embarking on some new work in the realm of tools and some technologies that we are going to build to deliver a process to help with responsible ai so that is a little bit about me and the company and how we got started 0 that is very cool and i am excited to learn how you decided to make that make career shift but let us back it up as so a little bit so tell me what you think what is your definition in a responsible ai the what is the focus there yeah it is really interesting so you can look at this from 2 different perspectives so the perspective that 1st hit me was look at all the harmful things that are happening with ai so this is 2018 we are talking about facial recognition we are talking about ai gone wrong scenarios we were talking about all the ways in which ai was impacting people and causing really harmful outcomes discrimination bias unfairness of all kinds so that is kind of one way of framing it or you could look at it and go what are all the ways in which we could do better and be more responsible and more thoughtful in terms of how we are building these products so we can get to better outcomes and i do look at it both ways sometimes it is helpful just to illustrate the ways in which harms are happening so that you can get to that better outcome so that is really what responsible ai is all about the practices the processes the tools that you need to get to these better outcomes 0 very nice so then how do you work with your customers what is your typical work week look like well we are a startup so every week is a little bit different and i still have one foot in h academia so for example this week i was marching a lot of papers i i taught a summer course on ai ethics at the university so i was doing a lot of that but on any given week i am doing some business development i am talking with new potential clients i am doing consulting work with existing clients i am putting together training courses i spend a lot of time reading because this field is it is just happening so rapidly everything is changing and in flux so i really feel the need to be really up on the latest research and the latest things that are going on so i do a lot of reading and then i i do some media engagements things like this podcast for example so that is kind of a it is a nice mix it is a whole bunch of different things that i will do in a week sure sure absolutely so so tell me then katrina was this the dream so like say you were 6 years old and was this the dream when i grow up i want to be a founder and ceo of a company that promotes responsible ai no nowhere close i want to be a fashion designer that was kind of my 1st dream yeah yeah and then the adults they kind of come in and they are like are you sure you really want to do that and and so i did not pursue that actually wound up in business school instead studying to be a marketer so it it was kind of like you know this reality check on on the dream but i i think in hindsight i probably gave up on that a little too soon but the other thing yeah the other thing i wanted to do is write i i really want to be a writer and i kind of feel like i am closer to that because i am doing a lot of writing i do writing for my blog i write my courses i write speeches so i maybe like closer to that dream but yeah the idea of ai i mean that was just not even in the you know in the consideration set at all 0 interesting so you went into study business then so what why did you pursue that and and where did that lead you where did you start what you end up majoring in yeah i will i will tell you the the journey that you get here it is really weird i think probably a lot of people think they have a really like circuitous career journey i know i did i 100% know that is true so yeah so i started in business school and to get my creative fixed i thought i will major in marketing that will be my thing so i started out when i graduated i went to work at an ad agency so this is in the 90s and i did not love it it was a little cutthroat it a little nelrose place if you remember that tv show people were kind of like that and i was a little bit that was not me i i could not you know step on other people or do any of that so anyways i found my way into the the technology space working at a company called crystal decisions and that might be a name that is familiar to some of the audience because we made crystal reports which is the big reporting software of the of the time anyways and we were in the bi space and i was doing marketing and some of it was really interesting but honestly it was not quite creative enough i did not quite feel like it was my thing and on my way to work every day i used to walk past the canadian broadcasting corporation building the cbc and and i thought you know would not it be fun to work in broadcasting it be so cool so one day i quit my job and i i applied at the cbc and i started working in radio and i loved it it was it was great and then that led to other career opportunities to manage a radio station here in alberta where i am from so i managed an indie music station called ckua radio and it was super fun and that is kind of where i stayed until that 2017 moment where i decided i was going to pivot and go back to school so in a weird way like i am back in technology again but with a completely different slant on on everything sure 0 that is so fascinating how fun to work for you know radio i have always envisioned in in some kind of radio career if in some other dimension past life of mine it is a fun place especially in radio it is kind of like that old tv show w krp where you have all these weird characters and you are just trying to like get them you know organized they kind of felt like it was hurting cats on any given day i am sure so you know so you went back into technology you know and so when you started school again you know what what was the intent there what was the the the really the drive the passion that you started of classes you started signing up for yeah well to be totally honest shannon i was you know i was feeling a bit lost at that point because what was going on for me is i i was watching media blow up in some ways so a lot of the challenges with media which have to do with technology because technology came in and it kind of undercut the business model for a lot of media organizations and we see that especially with news printed newspapers being kind of the biggest example and while i was a little bit insulated from that i had a lot of friends working in media and i i really had this moment where i thought do i want to keep going in this field or do i want to try some new things and i honestly did not know what those new things were so this degree sounded interesting and i thought i will go and work it out and figure out what i want to do next so it was not super intentional in in the sense of i want to go and retrain to be x it was a little bit more halfhazard and accidental and just kind of i i i am going to try this i am going to see what emerges from this process and and good things did emerge from it so so that was really how it all worked out how brave i love that that is so brave and bold and just way to follow your your instincts and doing what you needed to do for you and and take a chance so 0 i love that with a robust catalog of courses offered on demand and industry leading live online sessions throughout the year the data verity training center is your launchpad for career success browse the complete catalog at training dataversity donnet and use code dv talks for 20% off your purchase so what was your biggest lesson then so far in in your career yeah i think it is this idea we are told at a young age that we are going to have this really linear career path like we are going to go into something we are going to climb the ladder we are going to get to you know the top of that ladder and it is all going to be super linear and so my biggest lesson has been it is it is not really like that and that is okay and in fact i recently i love this quote i love malcolm gladwell and he said this quote he said it is a risk not to change careers and i am like that is fantastic i i feel really validated when i do something like that so so that is kind of like my big you know maybe life lesson and then the other thing i will add like as an entrepreneur the other really big piece of advice that i got is to say yes to opportunities you may not always always know exactly how you are going to accomplish that goal but there is something about stepping out there and saying yes and then figuring it out as you go that i think is really essential to the journey of being an entrepreneur and being bold about things and so that is something that i think about a lot too because sometimes it feels like risky like i do not know how i am going to do this but you know what i am going to sign up and say yes and i i feel confident i can figure it out ah so true so bri you know part of why we started this podcast is because you know i to grew up you know believing that my that career path would be so linear and especially in data you know there for for anybody older than jen z i think you know it was not a a was there was not really a you know a college degree there was not a you know data was just this kind of obscure thing out on the edges so nobody in data management really had a straight path to it it is just everyone just kind of stumbled into it you know and it is so true and it is so fun to explore and hear how people have explored to find their their path and their niche in data yeah absolutely i am even just thinking about your the title data verity and i am thinking about diversity and data and all these diverse people coming together and i love that yeah it is funny in fact when i am doing a webinar you know people turn on the transcript which is ai you know based right to and then the transcript never gets data versity right and it always translates to diversity 0 my goodness well you know progress getting there so so tell me now so now what is your definition of data yeah i am gna answer that question i am going to try something here we are going to do a little experiment if you are up for it shannon 0 yes i am okay so here is the experiment so everyone listening and those of us here on the podcast we all have heartbeats i hope we all have heartbeats because we do not we have a we have bigger problems here so my question is is your heartbeat data let us just like pause for a 2nd and consider that is your heartbeat data so if we think about that we can think about that the idea that a heartbeat has the potential tob data and i do not know shannon are you wearing fitbit at all i have my apple watch 0 you have your apple watch okay good so you are probably rendering something your heartbeat perhaps into data you are turning it into data and those of you out there listening who have a fitbit or an apple watch you are doing the same thing so we think about data as as this thing that we can capture so there is lots of different things that can be represented so i always think of data as a representation of a phenomenon it is kind of a snapshot of something and it is linked to this idea of being able to capture something and what is happening right now is we have more and more ways of capturing things so we have more and more ways of turning things into data that we could never really turn into data before and we have ways to store those things and we have ways to leverage those things into new you know analytics and so forth and so that is part of how i think of data and then the other piece that i think of is this idea of data as an assemblage so it is not just the output it is not just like the heartbeat number for me it is that whole process of what we have done so we captured it we are using it in certain ways we have made decisions to even collect it as data and so as an ethesis what i do is i look at all that context and i i look at the ethical questions that might come with that so that is kind of a way of how i think about data and and kind of what it means to me as a data episod 0 i love that perspective and it is so true and i do i do love my fitness data i do we were i was at a at a conference recently and there was a yoga class offered and the g next to me i am like 0 i forgot to start my my watch and she is like 0 yeah me too she is like it does not count unless we capture the data well so funny so i am like a huge orange theory enthusiast and some people are like well what do you mean like are not you the one who is all about privacy and ethics and all i am but i am like but it is useful to me because i you know i can see what i am doing in terms of my workout and where i am going and so it is kind of serving me in that moment and so yeah i am i am big on the the health data as well yeah i love it that is the fun thing about data right it is in everything and everywhere and and we get to work with it in so many exciting ways that benefit us yeah so tell me katrina do you see the importance then of data management and the number of jobs working with data increasing or decreasing over the next 10 years and why yeah it is it is so vital you know when we think about data data is everywhere and every company is becoming a technology company so we used to think of tech companies as like microsoft or apple and yeah those are tech companies but increasingly what we are seeing is your grocery store is becoming a tech company the car company is becoming a check company it is all about data data is really at the heart of all of that and so data is everywhere and data is part of everyone is job whether you recognize that or not and so this idea of really understanding like being data literate understanding data governance understanding data management like it is incredibly important understanding ethics as well all like super important to pretty much any kind of job that you are going to have now and in the future h very true so what advice then would you give to people who are looking to get into a career in data yeah there is so much to learn about data i mean it is such a fascinating topic obviously there is great podcasts like this and all of the great resources on data verity so i highly recommend all of that you got some fantastic guests like some real heavy hitters on when i looked at who is who is who of data laura sebastian coleman peter raiken they have all been on this podcast so there is some really great people to follow i also love the g community so dea is the the data management community they have this massive book which is their body of knowledge and i spent some really good time with my local dma group going through that book and it was fun because they doing it as a group project and you are like yeah helping each other out and and that and also building community at the same time so i i think get connected to community that would be part of my advice and then i i think also sometimes it can feel intimidating if you are especially if you are thinking 0 this is the career pivot or something different but there is ways to add data to whatever you are doing right now so if you are an educator you have an education background like myself you can help to you learn about data and teach data courses if you are a lawyer maybe you can pivot into privacy and data like there is ways to kind of add data to a career that you already have if that is what you are doing so there is lots of different opportunities 0 such great advice i love that so and and katrina i i am curious i am so curious to like what is the number one like advice as an that you give to your customers about being responsible with ai you know what is the the core of being ethical yeah and responsible i mean really ethics a lot of ethics is about being really thoughtful and intentional about your process so i think number one if you are wanting to be responsible that is a fantastic start you are you are starting out you want to do something positive i think you can look at everything holistically so sometimes it is really tempting just to look at the solution but you should look at the problem that you are trying to solve before you kind of jump to the solution and then sort of figure out what is going on here and from an ethic standpoint what makes sense as a solution who might be impacted so start really thinking holistically about how you are approaching things and then just try and iterate and do better next time i think that you know sometimes people get intimidated and they think i have to have everything perfect the 1st time out i try to encourage people but that is not necessarily the case what it is about is trying to build up a capacity for ethical thinking and responsible ai in your company and then just kind of building on that and iterating so that is really what i encourage people to do very nice and if somebody wanted to reach out to and solicit your services how would they find you sure well there is lots of information on my website ethically aligned ai com i am also on linkedin a lot so you can find me there it is another good place yeah those are probably the 2 main sources 0 this has been so great katrina thank you so much for joining us today well thanks so much for the invite it has been a lot of fun it has been a great fun so i am i am really excited to watch what you do and because it is i think this topic is just getting bigger and bigger and better and more important it is so important right now with all the generative ai and everything else out there so thank you for taking this on champ well and to all of our listeners out there if you would like to keep up to date in the latest in podcast and in the latest in data management education you may go to daters city net subscribe until next time and stay curious everyone thank you for listening to dataversity talks a podcast brought to you by dataversity subscribe to our newsletter for podcast updates and information about our free educational webinars at day diversity nets subscribe

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuXC0NqbCog

Hey there, welcome to our AI video adventure! Get ready to dive into the world of AI and its impact on education, discovering its upsides and downsides along the way. We'll also chat about how you can shape your own take on AI in education, creativity, and productivity. Secondly, we will discuss who to talk to and where to look for AI policies in your courses, and why these rules matter in education. By the end of this video you will be able to: Describe what AI is and some of the pitfalls and benefits that come with its use in the education space. Generate your own moral framework around the use of AI in spaces such as education, creative domains, and productivity. And finally, identify whom to contact and where to look for class policies for AI usage in courses, understanding the importance of these policies in education. Before we get started what is AI exactly? Britannica describes Artificial Intelligence as “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.” AI is used in a variety of instances such as self-driving cars, Large language models like ChatGPT, virtual assistants like Alexa and Siri, and other areas of everyday life. What comes up when you search AI: Some pitfalls outlined on Forbes.com, a business news outlet, outlines some pitfalls with AI being: copyright infringement, plagiarism in education, loss of jobs, bias in AI learning, privacy concerns, and other issues. On the other hand, Forbes also outlines some benefits such as: productivity increases and more efficient workflows, getting quick feedback leading to faster iteration, efficiently process data, reducing human error, and more ways of implementation. AI is everywhere and can already be found in work forces such as healthcare, cybersecurity, finance, manufacturing, marketing and many others. What does this mean for you as a student? In some classes or assignments it might be ok to use AI. Some may encourage it, but some may also have it clearly stated to not use AI in the course. It is in your best interest to follow these policies for your classes. Breaking policies around AI use or plagiarism can lead to consequences of academic dishonesty. Outside of school it might help you be more productive or you might find it goes against your own values and beliefs to support AI. Who is affected by AI in your different life roles? As a student your decisions may affect instructors, fellow students, or future employers. As a partner, mother, father, friend, caretaker, or other roles you might have, your choices will affect those close to you. Does this have any effect or contribution to your thoughts around AI? You hold the power to shape your own ethical framework around AI, both in the realm of education and in your personal endeavors. It is imperative that you discern the appropriate contexts for AI implementation and understand the significance of adhering to ethical guidelines in these domains. So, what do you think? Take a moment and consider, what is your moral position of AI in education? What about your moral position of AI in your personal life? Let’s find out how you can identify where your classes policy around AI use in school is! As a student you will want to know where to find these policies around AI! find these policies around AI! Check your class syllabus. Open up a conversation with your instructors. Or check your school’s website for policy around academic dishonesty, cheating, plagiarism, or AI specifically. That's it! You are now equipped with the necessary knowledge and understanding to approach the integration of AI in your educational journey with an informed and ethical mindset.

hey there welcome to our ai video adventure get ready to dive into the world of ai and its impact on education discovering its upsides and downsides along the way we will also chat about how you can shape your own take on ai in education creativity and productivity secondly we will discuss who to talk to and where to look for ai policies in your courses and why these rules matter in education by the end of this video you will be able to describe what ai is and some of the pitfalls and benefits that come with its use in the education space generate your own moral framework around the use of ai in spaces such as education creative domains and productivity and finally identify whom to contact and where to look for class policies for ai usage in courses understanding the importance of these policies in education before we get started what is ai exactly britannica describes artificial intelligence as the ability of a digital computer or computer controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings ai is used in a variety of instances such as self driving cars large language models like chatgpt virtual assistants like alexa and siri and other areas of everyday life what comes up when you search ai some pitfalls outlined on forbes com a business news outlet outlines some pitfalls with ai being copyright infringement plagiarism in education loss of jobs bias in ai learning privacy concerns and other issues on the other hand forbes also outlines some benefits such as productivity increases and more efficient workflows getting quick feedback leading to faster iteration efficiently process data reducing human error and more ways of implementation ai is everywhere and can already be found in work forces such as healthcare cybersecurity finance manufacturing marketing and many others what does this mean for you as a student in some classes or assignments it might be ok to use ai some may encourage it but some may also have it clearly stated to not use ai in the course it is in your best interest to follow these policies for your classes breaking policies around ai use or plagiarism can lead to consequences of academic dishonesty outside of school it might help you be more productive or you might find it goes against your own values and beliefs to support ai who is affected by ai in your different life roles as a student your decisions may affect instructors fellow students or future employers as a partner mother father friend caretaker or other roles you might have your choices will affect those close to you does this have any effect or contribution to your thoughts around ai you hold the power to shape your own ethical framework around ai both in the realm of education and in your personal endeavors it is imperative that you discern the appropriate contexts for ai implementation and understand the significance of adhering to ethical guidelines in these domains so what do you think take a moment and consider what is your moral position of ai in education what about your moral position of ai in your personal life let s find out how you can identify where your classes policy around ai use in school is as a student you will want to know where to find these policies around ai find these policies around ai check your class syllabus open up a conversation with your instructors or check your school s website for policy around academic dishonesty cheating plagiarism or ai specifically that is it you are now equipped with the necessary knowledge and understanding to approach the integration of ai in your educational journey with an informed and ethical mindset

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVUaOfHqGck

when you hey babe do you saw my history notebook yeah it's right next to me hey should you see Kevin is friends with his dad on Facebook the day my father gets on Facebook is the day I get off Facebook actually 63% of fathers who have a child between the ages of 12 and 17 use social networking sites seriously my parents don't have facebook thank God in 2012 66% of all parents who have a child between the ages of 12 and 17 say they use a social networking site up from 58% in 2011 Jake honey don't be late and don't leave your plate for me to clean up I've got to get tore hmm and Rick from the office made me a my face account so accept my friend request Jake take you there so what did you do did you accept her yeah I mean I had to she got all weird and annoyed at first when I denied it but I just accepted a friend request anyway I mean I don't even know what to do I don't want my mom on Facebook seeing everything I do and say but uh it's annoying I'm probably only kid in the world with their mom on Facebook actually sixty-nine percent of mothers who have a child between the ages of twelve and seventeen used social networking sites if my parents saw what I did on Facebook it would be the end of me yeah oh my god you should totally do what Marcy did Oh Marcy what did Marcy do she had this Facebook page with like eight friends and that's the one her mom was friends with and then she had the Facebook page with 800 friends and her mom didn't even know about that one I don't want to do it that seems sneaky and desperate I mean really what can my mom possibly do on Facebook that would be a problem half of parents who use social media say they have commented on something that was posted to their child's profile mom ma mom where are you mom Jake why are you going I'm in my living room are you serious are you kidding me what's your problem Jake calm down what's the problem the picture you post on Facebook of me naked oh but it's so adorable listen I love that picture no once I'm naked but the hush Jake it's a baby photo and it's from so many years ago and plus nobody could see your your stuff and anyway it's just a first picture I'm making you a whole album for your page

when you hey babe do you saw my history notebook yeah it is right next to me hey should you see kevin is friends with his dad on facebook the day my father gets on facebook is the day i get off facebook actually 63% of fathers who have a child between the ages of 12 and 17 use social networking sites seriously my parents do not have facebook thank god in 2012 66% of all parents who have a child between the ages of 12 and 17 say they use a social networking site up from 58% in 2011 jake honey do not be late and do not leave your plate for me to clean up i have got to get tore and rick from the office made me a my face account so accept my friend request jake take you there so what did you do did you accept her yeah i mean i had to she got all weird and annoyed at 1st when i denied it but i just accepted a friend request anyway i mean i do not even know what to do i do not want my mom on facebook seeing everything i do and say but it is annoying i am probably only kid in the world with their mom on facebook actually 69% of mothers who have a child between the ages of 12 and 17 used social networking sites if my parents saw what i did on facebook it would be the end of me yeah 0 my god you should totally do what marcy did 0 marcy what did marcy do she had this facebook page with like 8 friends and that is the one her mom was friends with and then she had the facebook page with 800 friends and her mom did not even know about that one i do not want to do it that seems sneaky and desperate i mean really what can my mom possibly do on facebook that would be a problem half of parents who use social media say they have commented on something that was posted to their child is profile mom ma mom where are you mom jake why are you going i am in my living room are you serious are you kidding me what is your problem jake calm down what is the problem the picture you post on facebook of me naked 0 but it is so adorable listen i love that picture no once i am naked but the hush jake it is a baby photo and it is from so many years ago and plus nobody could see your your stuff and anyway it is just a 1st picture i am making you a whole album for your page

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye3vZJmdqpM

[Music] Jennifer Hudson and Celine Dion were among the superstar singers who took part in the Aretha Franklin tribute Aretha a Grammy celebration for the Queen of Soul which was slated to air on CBS Sunday evening Alicia Keys John Legend and Kelly Clarkson were other musical stars on hand to pay tribute to the late Queen of Soul and the Tyler Perry hosted ceremony in addition to legends such as Smokey Robinson and Patti LaBelle and Hollywood standouts Angela Bassett and Courtney B Vance the concert was filmed in front of 5,500 people January 13th at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles less than five months after Franklin's death at 76 on August 19th following a battle with pancreatic cancer veteran producer Clive Davis one of the show's producers said in December that this unique concert featuring many of today's greatest artists will celebrate Aretha in a spectacular manner befitting her once-in-a-lifetime talent Davis had originally devised the show as a tribute to Franklin while she was alive and it would have been held in New York City according to the Detroit Free Press host Perry told the paper that the only thing she would have regretted is not being up there to out sing everybody and show them how it really goes in our lifetime there will never be another voice like her who knows if there will ever be another woman who will endure as much as she did to sing the way she did and conquer every genre of music it's the latest in a series of memorials for the late respect singer whose August 31st funeral and Detroit featured performances from Hudson Stevie Wonder and ariana grande Franklin was also honored in segments at the Grammys Oscars and Emmys Awards past Grammy events have been held for artists such as the Beatles Stevie Wonder and Frank Sinatra

jennifer hudson and celine dion were among the superstar singers who took part in the aretha franklin tribute aretha a grammy celebration for the queen of soul which was slated to air on cbs sunday evening alicia keys john legend and kelly clarkson were other musical stars on hand to pay tribute to the late queen of soul and the tyler perry hosted ceremony in addition to legends such as smokey robinson and patti labelle and hollywood standouts angela bassett and courtney b vance the concert was filmed in front of 5500 people january 13th at the shrine auditorium in los angeles less than 5 months after franklin is death at 76 on august 19th following a battle with pancreatic cancer veteran producer clive davis one of the show is producers said in december that this unique concert featuring many of today is greatest artists will celebrate aretha in a spectacular manner befitting her once in a lifetime talent davis had originally devised the show as a tribute to franklin while she was alive and it would have been held in new york city according to the detroit free press host perry told the paper that the only thing she would have regretted is not being up there to out sing everybody and show them how it really goes in our lifetime there will never be another voice like her who knows if there will ever be another woman who will endure as much as she did to sing the way she did and conquer every genre of music it is the latest in a series of memorials for the late respect singer whose august 31st funeral and detroit featured performances from hudson stevie wonder and ariana grande franklin was also honored in segments at the grammys oscars and emmys awards past grammy events have been held for artists such as the beatles stevie wonder and frank sinatra

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iqz3K8qbIA

um our next speaker is Ronaldo vibhart he's a senior scientist with agrasearch based at grasslands and Palmerston North he describes himself as an Argentinian Economist to come Farm manager who's been transformed into an animal and farm system scientist his research focus is on the soil plant grazing Dynamic including greenhouse gases across complex Landscapes Ronaldo very good good morning thank you Warren that was very kind of you um what a privilege um I just want to thank my co-authors on this on this work especially those coming from beef and lamb New Zealand Andrew Bird and Jen Crystal without you guys we wanted to have been able to come up with this so just as a means of background New Zealand human beef Farms the really diverse as you know it's a diverse spectrum of biophysical resources and management and um achievement beef livestock uh unfortunately about 50 percent of the enteric methane emissions come from that particular herd and of course there's haywakaiken or I guess not much more needed on that but simply that it has a very strict Milestones um you know that by the end of 2022 this is that is this year all New Zealand farmers and Growers will know their own Farm greenhouse gas emissions and that is adding math animations to nitrous oxide emissions and then by 2025 which is just around the corner all Farms will have a plan to manage their greenhouse gas emissions so the objective of this piece of work was to develop a farm data set with greenhouse gas emissions and we looked at a data set that has 170 Farms um the second objective was to examine the relationships between all of those very variables that describe farm management biophysical resources and greenhouse gas emissions and to provide a baseline for Trends in farm scale greenhouse gas emissions so quite quite ambitious but we are talking Baseline we won't be I won't be talking about mitigation nor adoption so we went with a modeling approach um again 170 Farms um Anonymous anonymously provided so there's no mapping of where these Farms are we did that in pharmax unfortunately it is single year data um and we looked at these Farms as feasible Farms so in other words that feed on offer needed to match animal needs um again we looked at greenhouse gas emissions in terms of methane plus nitrous oxide per effective hectare so by effective I mean grazing plus crops something that's growing those two and pharmac uses the agriculture inventory model equations and this was back in 2019 so you will navigate through a few differences that these days the inventory model has so um we looked at Farm production and financial data provided by beef and lamb as mentioned and as you know beef and lamb New Zealand has eight Farm business classes um but we decided to go a little bit different in terms of grouping or clustering these farms around a combination of stock units and dry matter intake stock units again as a measure of carrying capacity if you will stock units per effective hectare and then dry matter intake and kilograms of dry matter uh per effective hectare and that allows allowed us to hope this is coming down probably no bear with me for a second probably not quite there but anyway um that allowed us to Cluster the farms in terms of uh intake animations you'll see that in a second from anywhere from one which is probably more on the High Country South Island right up to the high end of what would be equivalent to a farm business class eight in beef and lamb uh right up to there's those um having more than 10 Stock units per hectare and almost 7 000 kgs of dry matter intake per hectare per effective hectare and the number of farms are listed on that last row so that allows to do some clustering around around these Farms so um we we did a lot of examination in terms of visual assessment um and initially it was a very Square Excel spreadsheet massive one with about more than 150 explanatory variables around the the greenhouse gas emissions so we had to narrow it down to less than 20 to something that we could actually quantify and do something about um we looked at a correlation Matrix heat map which establishes those Pearson correlations between individual variables and we looked at a principal component analysis coming up so in terms of results there are two graphs on the right hand side the top graph is looking at the emissions again per effective hectare per Farm class so um anyway from again the High Country South Island right up to a cropping and finishing as a class eight you do see a little bit of a trend around that but there's no clear separation around emissions now when we did the feed groups as described in the previous graph you can see quite a quite a range quite a different jumping in in those so that's that's what we were after um the mean and range as a mean value about 3.7 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per hectare with a very wide range as you see right there and in terms of kilograms of CO2 equivalents and about 50 of the Farms fell within the 2.9 to 4.5 tons so that's just bear in mind that for a second you'll see that in the next few slides um what we did notice is that Farms emitting around four tons had a almost a three-fold difference in terms of Animal product being produced so massive range in that for the same emissions per hectare and there was a similar variation in other efficiency metrics such as lightweight gain and lamb weaning and a few others that is massive in it there's lots of numbers in there but the ones that I really want you to probably focus on is just on greenhouse gas emissions and what that means in terms of the clustering from less than or almost done right up to 5.4 tons on average for those groups and then very closely um followed by the dry matter intake for each of these clusters in terms of the heat map this is a one-to-one correlation between variables so it's not a multi-variable multivariate analysis it's it's still a one-to-one the diagonal in those uh that's the variable of interest that we're after the greenhouse gas emissions um do not pay too much attention to the diagonal is that it's the relation between one two itself one variable to itself but basically what you see is a clustering of things like intake stocking rate live weight gain animal production having a very high correlation with greenhouse gas emissions per hectare as expected then you've got a second group that's probably less correlated and has a very poor correlation let's put it that way around you efficiency and Lam winning and then you've got the ones that antagonize that go to the negative side against greenhouse gas emissions which are feed conversion uh effective Farm area and total Farm area and you'll see that in a second on what I mean the the other way of presenting this is doing it through a multi try to get all of those correlated individual variables into one big package the big bubbles in the background are the clustering so cluster number one again the High Country low emitting per hectare low intensity if you will right up to the high intensity High emitting the big arrow in black there is greenhouse gas emissions per hectare that's the variable of interest and you can see a whole bunch of arrows going in that same direction and that has to do again with intake stopping rate live again and animal production then you've got the ones that we call kind of intermediate around new efficiency lamb weaning and then lastly and they're moving in slightly in the opposite direction feed conversion and effective Farm area and just to explain what these loadings mean when we talk about multivariate analysis you did see that in in two in kind of in two axes the principal component one which was the one The Wider one at the bottom that was led by again a lot of the variables that are on you can see the red thing there dry matter intake carrying capacity stock units Etc and then antagonized by um the feed conversion efficiency and then the other one the vertical one which had the lower spread uh the loadings on that is very much on um the diameter intake and again antagonizing Farm area and feed conversion efficiency but we'll see that in a in a in a second um just to add to this um a shortcoming from the study of course is that it is one year's worth of and that caution is required when you're establishing either a baseline or trying to put a way of sequence of what your actual Baseline should be um in terms of greenhouse greenhouse gas emissions enteric methane methane total but enteric methane specially accounted for 80 of total greenhouse gas emissions something to keep in mind and that um given the lower amounts of n applied uh that strong link with between methane emissions and total greenhouse gas emissions is expected and just to give you a taste for some of the variables that we also looked at in terms of view efficiency that's the kilograms of land wind per kilograms of humated you can see the five groups kind of separated there but there's a lot of noise around some of the values on the x-axis and without going into much detail but there's a lot of in terms of we've separated them in terms of emissions but a lot of these variables are there's plenty of work to do if you will within those clusters again this just looks at and I'll put both together I'll go directly to the graphs on the right the ones in blue that's stocking rate again and um greenhouse gas emissions and then the one at the bottom um you can see the annual production uh it's a little bit a little bit more Sprint but still high related to methane emissions I'll have to go very quickly for this I did mention this previously so I'll go very quickly so lack of time but I just want to point out that since this work has done there has been big changes in terms of how we quantify at a national level nitrous oxide emissions and there are no new emission factors that have come out since then and also uh some related to slope newer even newer in terms of slopes so that means that in terms of greenhouse gas emissions you can see quite a reduction in terms of what it means relative to the first calculation in terms of total emissions of course it gets compressed because it's only 20 of total emissions coming from nitrous oxide so in conclusion 170 Farms across all beef and lamb classes provides a good insight into the complexity within and the variability between Farms the total feed production feed intake Drive animal production of course and of course highly correlated with greenhouse gas emissions changes in the methodology of nitrous oxide and we've just mentioned the one around nitrous oxide but in the future we could have neural partitioning within the animal that's revised from time to time and also feed-based enteric methane emissions emission factors sorry rather than animal based that's something that I think in the future will be addressed in order to accommodate all of the work that's been done in different forages across the country and then this work provides a holistic assessment of the farm-scale drivers of greenhouse gas emissions and a baseline from which future Trends could be established can be established lots of people to thank you and thank you all what a privilege to be here thank you [Applause] thanks Ronaldo

our next speaker is ronaldo vibhart he is a senior scientist with agrasearch based at grasslands and palmerston north he describes himself as an argentinian economist to come farm manager who has been transformed into an animal and farm system scientist his research focus is on the soil plant grazing dynamic including greenhouse gases across complex landscapes ronaldo very good good morning thank you warren that was very kind of you what a privilege i just want to thank my co authors on this on this work especially those coming from beef and lamb new zealand andrew bird and jen crystal without you guys we wanted to have been able to come up with this so just as a means of background new zealand human beef farms the really diverse as you know it is a diverse spectrum of biophysical resources and management and achievement beef livestock unfortunately about 50% of the enteric methane emissions come from that particular herd and of course there is haywakaiken or i guess not much more needed on that but simply that it has a very strict milestones you know that by the end of 2022 this is that is this year all new zealand farmers and growers will know their own farm greenhouse gas emissions and that is adding math animations to nitrous oxide emissions and then by 2025 which is just around the corner all farms will have a plan to manage their greenhouse gas emissions so the objective of this piece of work was to develop a farm data set with greenhouse gas emissions and we looked at a data set that has 170 farms the 2nd objective was to examine the relationships between all of those very variables that describe farm management biophysical resources and greenhouse gas emissions and to provide a baseline for trends in farm scale greenhouse gas emissions so quite quite ambitious but we are talking baseline we will not be i will not be talking about mitigation nor adoption so we went with a modeling approach again 170 farms anonymous anonymously provided so there is no mapping of where these farms are we did that in pharmax unfortunately it is single year data and we looked at these farms as feasible farms so in other words that feed on offer needed to match animal needs again we looked at greenhouse gas emissions in terms of methane plus nitrous oxide per effective hectare so by effective i mean grazing plus crops something that is growing those 2 and pharmac uses the agriculture inventory model equations and this was back in 2019 so you will navigate through a few differences that these days the inventory model has so we looked at farm production and financial data provided by beef and lamb as mentioned and as you know beef and lamb new zealand has 8 farm business classes but we decided to go a little bit different in terms of grouping or clustering these farms around a combination of stock units and dry matter intake stock units again as a measure of carrying capacity if you will stock units per effective hectare and then dry matter intake and kilograms of dry matter per effective hectare and that allows allowed us to hope this is coming down probably no bear with me for a 2nd probably not quite there but anyway that allowed us to cluster the farms in terms of intake animations you will see that in a 2nd from anywhere from one which is probably more on the high country south island right up to the high end of what would be equivalent to a farm business class 8 in beef and lamb right up to there is those having more than 10 stock units per hectare and almost 7 0 kgs of dry matter intake per hectare per effective hectare and the number of farms are listed on that last row so that allows to do some clustering around around these farms so we we did a lot of examination in terms of visual assessment and initially it was a very square excel spreadsheet massive one with about more than 150 explanatory variables around the the greenhouse gas emissions so we had to narrow it down to less than 20 to something that we could actually quantify and do something about we looked at a correlation matrix heat map which establishes those pearson correlations between individual variables and we looked at a principal component analysis coming up so in terms of results there are 2 graphs on the right hand side the top graph is looking at the emissions again per effective hectare per farm class so anyway from again the high country south island right up to a cropping and finishing as a class 8 you do see a little bit of a trend around that but there is no clear separation around emissions now when we did the feed groups as described in the previous graph you can see quite a quite a range quite a different jumping in in those so that is that is what we were after the mean and range as a mean value about 3.7 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per hectare with a very wide range as you see right there and in terms of kilograms of co 2 equivalents and about 50 of the farms fell within the 2.9 to 4.5 tons so that is just bear in mind that for a 2nd you will see that in the next few slides what we did notice is that farms emitting around 4 tons had a almost a 3 fold difference in terms of animal product being produced so massive range in that for the same emissions per hectare and there was a similar variation in other efficiency metrics such as lightweight gain and lamb weaning and a few others that is massive in it there is lots of numbers in there but the ones that i really want you to probably focus on is just on greenhouse gas emissions and what that means in terms of the clustering from less than or almost done right up to 5.4 tons on average for those groups and then very closely followed by the dry matter intake for each of these clusters in terms of the heat map this is a one to one correlation between variables so it is not a multi variable multivariate analysis it is it is still a one to one the diagonal in those that is the variable of interest that we are after the greenhouse gas emissions do not pay too much attention to the diagonal is that it is the relation between 12 itself one variable to itself but basically what you see is a clustering of things like intake stocking rate live weight gain animal production having a very high correlation with greenhouse gas emissions per hectare as expected then you have got a 2nd group that is probably less correlated and has a very poor correlation let us put it that way around you efficiency and lam winning and then you have got the ones that antagonize that go to the negative side against greenhouse gas emissions which are feed conversion effective farm area and total farm area and you will see that in a 2nd on what i mean the the other way of presenting this is doing it through a multi try to get all of those correlated individual variables into one big package the big bubbles in the background are the clustering so cluster number one again the high country low emitting per hectare low intensity if you will right up to the high intensity high emitting the big arrow in black there is greenhouse gas emissions per hectare that is the variable of interest and you can see a whole bunch of arrows going in that same direction and that has to do again with intake stopping rate live again and animal production then you have got the ones that we call kind of intermediate around new efficiency lamb weaning and then lastly and they are moving in slightly in the opposite direction feed conversion and effective farm area and just to explain what these loadings mean when we talk about multivariate analysis you did see that in in 2 in kind of in 2 axes the principal component one which was the one the wider one at the bottom that was led by again a lot of the variables that are on you can see the red thing there dry matter intake carrying capacity stock units etc and then antagonized by the feed conversion efficiency and then the other one the vertical one which had the lower spread the loadings on that is very much on the diameter intake and again antagonizing farm area and feed conversion efficiency but we will see that in a in a in a 2nd just to add to this a shortcoming from the study of course is that it is one year is worth of and that caution is required when you are establishing either a baseline or trying to put a way of sequence of what your actual baseline should be in terms of greenhouse greenhouse gas emissions enteric methane methane total but enteric methane specially accounted for 80 of total greenhouse gas emissions something to keep in mind and that given the lower amounts of n applied that strong link with between methane emissions and total greenhouse gas emissions is expected and just to give you a taste for some of the variables that we also looked at in terms of view efficiency that is the kilograms of land wind per kilograms of humated you can see the 5 groups kind of separated there but there is a lot of noise around some of the values on the x axis and without going into much detail but there is a lot of in terms of we have separated them in terms of emissions but a lot of these variables are there is plenty of work to do if you will within those clusters again this just looks at and i will put both together i will go directly to the graphs on the right the ones in blue that is stocking rate again and greenhouse gas emissions and then the one at the bottom you can see the annual production it is a little bit a little bit more sprint but still high related to methane emissions i will have to go very quickly for this i did mention this previously so i will go very quickly so lack of time but i just want to point out that since this work has done there has been big changes in terms of how we quantify at a national level nitrous oxide emissions and there are no new emission factors that have come out since then and also some related to slope newer even newer in terms of slopes so that means that in terms of greenhouse gas emissions you can see quite a reduction in terms of what it means relative to the 1st calculation in terms of total emissions of course it gets compressed because it is only 20 of total emissions coming from nitrous oxide so in conclusion 170 farms across all beef and lamb classes provides a good insight into the complexity within and the variability between farms the total feed production feed intake drive animal production of course and of course highly correlated with greenhouse gas emissions changes in the methodology of nitrous oxide and we have just mentioned the one around nitrous oxide but in the future we could have neural partitioning within the animal that is revised from time to time and also feed based enteric methane emissions emission factors sorry rather than animal based that is something that i think in the future will be addressed in order to accommodate all of the work that has been done in different forages across the country and then this work provides a holistic assessment of the farm scale drivers of greenhouse gas emissions and a baseline from which future trends could be established can be established lots of people to thank you and thank you all what a privilege to be here thank you thanks ronaldo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvQF_SLinBE

all right clona here so today this video is sort of awkward so i have made about 100 some news video probably yes so this is the first video i suppose like two events i think it's one while two event uh one first place rule is my own deck and then one ladder playthrough and plus half the screen and this is the fifth video so yeah this is super nice actually there's another arena so it's six this is the sixth video i play samuels what am i doing guys what am i doing these days so i started i played too much offensive war but turns out i played too much demons on the channel so i'm not a demon's fan but samuelsson would be my favorite he's not cool but he is strong i like him but the update has break him down i mean not him the entire demons of the rainstorm which changes only as small as two cars only internal rivalry which you only can kill now which is not good because i like it and see girls also at night who just weaker i mean yeah that has been qrp sometimes so yeah so today we're gonna play as practice mode saying sliders it's not gonna work today yeah it's not so yeah without for you let's get it again she was talking let's get it good oh my goodness i'm sick what is this ferrous man is so i'm gonna do a little bit of i don't know attackable like i think that's what they're called so q chaos furious for anybody who doesn't know where the second theory comes from check out my previous video i knew that's how yeah i feel like the like in the previous video like the cradle opening was like literally the best the best great opening i have ever had in my entire 140k horoscopes legion time seriously like the best downtown any other franchise because it's useless i'm gonna say rage y'all won't do it how come you get terror that's not worth it that's not just completely useless okay so this is pretty bad we got molten blood pretty bad anyway holy crap no what else works i need you i need you come to me and spoil that good okay guys this is my third kill three right now i'll show you my deck later it's not a very good deck but it's pretty prominent it looks pretty good it's only given so yeah that's this let's see you got samuels was this so you're like one i'll we'll not let you do this guys it's like bruh let's just not waste it so because he has styles so i could i won't do a little bit attack please i mean he has wings already so cliff is pretty good yeah because we'll just go center and then do the rock so i don't know about this one guys okay so uh i need to work yes i mean word is more important yes i want to people out because if you have some we know some stuff and it will hit him so yeah that's good so that's good because he's useless so what i need and i need something some playground like i need a playground coward and we're gonna use the demon to get him yeah i mean he's pretty good already but i don't want him to die the chosen has been always my favorite cards it's like look at it let me cover it right now but still anyway uh yeah so um for the demons of rolling stone my collection wasn't very complete i forget which is the third card legible cards i'm just i mean there's always three i don't forgot the third one so that's a bad bad thing oh sorry wait he was lost so anyway we win this round good job for us we finally beat ferris manos at least one time i mean he escaped obviously so i'm so confused what's the circle after demons of ruins uh i have said those of a mark oh it's this one oh yes this one i'll forget this one let's keep it secret this is a pretty good card i will need it later but still no no not yeah but still we have the demons chosen this is like literally my favorite card since the demonstrations will come out which i see in the box one time which is pretty good and uh rockstrom is not very good actually so yeah i have two cats flies as you see so let me show you my dad just a little real quick this is my deck i have two cat series packs of blood plague bearer restrictive frenzy bridge blood letters pox brainers titled madness cathedral of dimar beam on broods tuning on routes two fifa river one playground defensive satellites definitely needed plenty of parts just for some um target two hydraulics which has been my one my favorite cards warmonger of course you have to bring him he's very strong uh italia that's not even the name is it i don't know anyway i was still packed so this is very complete whoa wow they actually changed it actually say what what does that happen did i have some bugs or something ah this is an intro i'm just gonna show what it is i think because they are adding weapons like this titan so that's what can you play i'll forget my few purposes of the video not good for us not good for us anyway anyone anywhere anywhere anywhere oh we're going to play as a bartender now what's happening why everybody's not playing play play play play i don't like lion i mean be honest i like to lie after a lot but i mean he's being unreasonable all the time i discussed the dictator anyway so i'm gonna save the undetectable later because it's scary guys well let me see your practice turn demons let's go so i always want pretty much uh how cool i mean my demons are running storm can be a very strong cars already so yeah i won't complain about it it's pretty good actually already so yeah if you must say what's my favor my most satisfying cards i would say first of all the robot killer man that's a definite what just happened what just happened what did i just do to him well bro you can't have this card permanently which is good bro bro uh this guy doesn't know how to play does he bro so this guy there's always this guy's like [Music] i looking up to this i was like what the heck i was like oh my gosh it's like he messed up definitely he knocked us on his side were taking a pretty easy round so far pretty good this is surprisingly well actually what is happening here guys what's going on why is people leaving the games so constantly give me a fight if there's any card i feel like i can wait for like 70 cents ratio it's samus definitely one of them it's like you see 28 of 20. it's so good it's like about almost about 90 actually actually what's up [Music] it's 74 percent anyway so it's pretty good already i have to admit that's pretty good actually i like a lot so if they put samuels like i don't know let's change to zayn i'll be more satisfied okay i'm gonna research again get this research i don't know so when i record this video it's one day before the nights come out so don't expect me to say something good one night because i'm not making any prediction yet but still evergreen please what [ __ ] let me do that let me do a reveal please what's going on guys what's happening anyway bro bro bro what is happening okay bath cover how old is familiar i'll do that i'm on the prospero which i'll be honest with you it is actually anyway so common strategy common strategy there's no turning back so it's pretty easy to be it's pretty easy it for me three years by the way guys but so we're gonna tell you about your attacks for later i don't know what's the point of it i don't know i'm just saving up you i oh oh that's awkward anyway [Music] he's gonna buff that shoe actually guys he's doing some wow the heck oh that's pretty not cute guys uh a little bit grady but still did you try putting coffee all friendly it's gonna be so good if that is going on but you save heaven i should do a rage yes i should do already guys i don't know just gonna do it i'm gonna save this for the demon chosen that's what i'm gonna say i'm gonna oh i'll go just head out of slash like they are like the basic supplement of each other basically so what do we mean by the uh supplements that they can just cover for each other basically the buffet shut up so yeah i don't know about the new version i don't know what i would do actually for that um to me yeah i guess she's hurt because she searched oh no don't kill her luck has been outside it's pretty going pretty so far i'm gonna say should i use it i have second one so don't worry about that [Music] i would say i pref i like the demon blues a lot they are pretty useful but not that very useful it's they're different okay to me loser cute [Applause] now [Music] a word yes like it a word good good good good we're doing pretty well so far it was so fun give me a loser it's not because wait does that matter if you're a war does it matters at all i don't think it matters right my plan doesn't work i want to like not i don't want him to be killed who is the pack is sealed let's do this i always wanna should i do this oh actually i have an idea i have an idea i think a word okay i'm a little bit regret of my toys but still doesn't matter in case something happened oh we can still so many of you may come right now boy you have lethal already why you do this now this is waste of time yes i'll work some time you care about me buddy it doesn't matters okay so the demon chose to evacuate his work and destroy the enemy psja neither chosen to champion like dantdm said a champion guys i'm not a demon chosen i'm glad i have him seriously he's always been used for your team uh over two if you have demon chosen uh you have even chosen you give him a flank by using the harrow that's the nash because it's pretty powerful it's gonna be pretty powerful it's like six energy biology that if i get worse if this first time it's really good pretty good extra life there is this one oh my gosh current cursed box how many different kinds of boxing figures welcome the what is happening i don't really know stop and wondering stop wondering stop wondering what is that guy doing now hey okay what's happening in the world okay okay i don't really know what's happening in the world okay what is happening what is happening okay okay okay what is happening what's going on in the world okay what's happening is this a buckle radical curse oh what's happening i don't really know don't ask me more oh what's up with it don't watch me i don't know at all i have everything accessory guys that's what i needed i need it that's true it's so good you should choose and event overall essential he's still about deep down inside he's surprised can't we do anything sad oh there's a path of blood it's definitely something you should take whatever you play is this game thank god i haven't completed thank god for that sandal for that doesn't matter okay as i said doesn't matter so i keep my i'm a member owner i don't care about that so calvary is definitely not recommended in the top level i mean if you're playing well it's good if you're not playing well don't put it guys please take some guts to play him if you don't have god then don't play him he's showing mercy on me unacceptable i hope word i need a word for him what what is you know what you see you know what you see you know what you say you know what you see i think you know what are you saying you know what to speak you know what you're saying way that [ __ ] you guys are freaking useless what is this radiation i'll be too confident on him i realize you're gonna keep it later well come on ready ah boy all right guys here comes the self supply line we have another good idea of keeping him together but that's a good idea it's always a good idea to keep her together anyway okay i'm a better better braver now that's how it works i always say this is a very powerful truth because of the self-supply line look at these good friends look at these good friends how peaceful are they how peaceful okay i'm not getting busy i'm just because it's pretty useless i think that's weird i don't know why but i think it's river oh come on feel a bit better than that next time but good job everybody you see the line works that's how we're coming back even though we're gonna keep going from the back he's kicking out tons of heights even casper bro bro is this was it yeah i'm gonna put i don't know oh forget about forget about it just like that here's the thing guys remember do not never never never never mess up with the demons of ruins because they can always get a heck out of you [Music] this is serious this is a serious coin coming guys guys if you are 10 years old below do not watch this part it's gonna be bloody heck it's not too bloody but still if you are facing i mean there's a part of beerus at season guys the warhammer horror sergeant community is always committed as a foul abuser because they are abusing about literally like literally jailed what the heck already this is the only card that hasn't changed all the time dead is coming okay i seriously word i have to get word oh i'm doomed i demon my demon chosen this word if i don't have a word i'm dead logic right logic it's just a long crop along away the sun [Music] three let's go two damage we have 64 right now what is happening what is happening guys exper expecting some vampire coming up guys i'm serious okay i'm just gonna spend all of them on the word if possible yes don't worry about that i mean unless he's poisoned which is producers i mean it's pretty useful actually spooky by myself that's cloud that's cloud that's cloud fight against each other's champions [Music] down [Music] jesus christ buddy chill what do you have what's wrong with you that's why i said he needs to work attack so yeah don't put infantry in here guys don't believe me chaos my seems tempting but it's not working always okay guys remember the theory okay i'm gonna sacrifice him at him okay i know this one doesn't matter uh see i'm gonna keep him alive he doesn't have any points sir what are you doing where's the poison demon where's your team what hurry filthy nergo we hate all of you bro this is crazy madness ah i could appreciate uh why can you just get a word this steven brewer is not listening to my older oh god read it ridiculous three damage to him i told you it's like this is a spell tongue this is not them so i've spiked anyway yeah this is slightly awkward actually i'm reading the hell out of somebody today guys you want to play with me come on by me i'm just toiling with you okay i'm just calling with you i just handle all my firepower on you without hesitation but i'm not using this because i'm a polite person overall i'm pretty good guy you can ultimate you cannot deny the fact i'm a super good guy he is not playing what am i seeing this has got oh my god he's new backstage i see it don't you get it this is literally a backslash demon mortality challenge like bruh really can't even play a normal game today not a single normal game i don't like feeling victory right now victorious right now just don't feel like it if i play the ladder with this convenience i'm trying to found already guys already but i'm not so that's why this game is hard requires a lot of patience and i realize well why am i disliking my video this time i don't know what's happening another box [Music] i mean oh my god oh my god oh my god oh my god copyright music copyright music almost made it out what should i do guys what should i do i'm making a hard decision i mean he's going to be used to our course so yeah that's cool roll girl bro bro bro [Music] you are about to pay it okay we need them guys i've always wanted most memory in my game oh i never i never successfully put up noise [Music] don't do this to me please [Music] i'll have to worry about rainbows too this is so i don't waste your time on this one [Music] oh next one next one next next one can i play a normal game please as the time progresses as i said we are those are more but we are very good center good we are finally doing santa guys revenge get a revenge today you are not so scary oh i'm scary your stuff unfortunately cannot work on me so let's accept the privilege guys we're not experiencing the privilege but we did find good fight with first uh medals that's definite guys getting serious this guy is definitely good i really like him but i cannot do this guys he's not worth it wow okay [Music] good i don't know what hair loss so i think shall we okay i'm i'm being a bit too aggressive here just not good guys by the way i can't believe this hell is survived a lot i'm still surprised by that actually yo what's his plan say what what is he doing why does he even do that he knows he's not wearing actually what is happening [Music] to me anymore good plan buddy good time lucky you sir lucky you okay you can't escape forever oh this is gonna be intense something why does he leave all right so there you guys this is the other video okay so we kind of wing every round uh one two three four five six seven eight ah yes so thank you guys this is the other video so if you enjoyed this video click the like button if you want to see more video on hearthstone solution subscribe to our channel besides that if you wanna see some new videos some new content and some new games comment in the section below and i will try my best to fulfill your wishes besides that i will see you guys later stay healthy and yourself stay positive bye guys

all right clona here so today this video is sort of awkward so i have made about 100 some news video probably yes so this is the 1st video i suppose like 2 events i think it is one while 2 event 11st place rule is my own deck and then one ladder playthrough and plus half the screen and this is the 5th video so yeah this is super nice actually there is another arena so it is 6 this is the 6th video i play samuels what am i doing guys what am i doing these days so i started i played too much offensive war but turns out i played too much demons on the channel so i am not a demon is fan but samuelsson would be my favorite he is not cool but he is strong i like him but the update has break him down i mean not him the entire demons of the rainstorm which changes only as small as 2 cars only internal rivalry which you only can kill now which is not good because i like it and see girls also at night who just weaker i mean yeah that has been qrp sometimes so yeah so today we are going to play as practice mode saying sliders it is not going to work today yeah it is not so yeah without for you let us get it again she was talking let us get it good 0 my goodness i am sick what is this ferrous man is so i am going to do a little bit of i do not know attackable like i think that is what they are called so q chaos furious for anybody who does not know where the 2nd theory comes from check out my previous video i knew that is how yeah i feel like the like in the previous video like the cradle opening was like literally the best the best great opening i have ever had in my entire 140 k horoscopes legion time seriously like the best downtown any other franchise because it is useless i am going to say rage you all will not do it how come you get terror that is not worth it that is not just completely useless okay so this is pretty bad we got molten blood pretty bad anyway holy crap no what else works i need you i need you come to me and spoil that good okay guys this is my 3rd kill 3 right now i will show you my deck later it is not a very good deck but it is pretty prominent it looks pretty good it is only given so yeah that is this let us see you got samuels was this so you are like one i will we will not let you do this guys it is like bruh let us just not waste it so because he has styles so i could i will not do a little bit attack please i mean he has wings already so cliff is pretty good yeah because we will just go center and then do the rock so i do not know about this one guys okay so i need to work yes i mean word is more important yes i want to people out because if you have some we know some stuff and it will hit him so yeah that is good so that is good because he is useless so what i need and i need something some playground like i need a playground coward and we are going to use the demon to get him yeah i mean he is pretty good already but i do not want him to die the chosen has been always my favorite cards it is like look at it let me cover it right now but still anyway yeah so for the demons of rolling stone my collection was not very complete i forget which is the 3rd card legible cards i am just i mean there is always 3 i do not forgot the 3rd one so that is a bad bad thing 0 sorry wait he was lost so anyway we win this round good job for us we finally beat ferris manos at least one time i mean he escaped obviously so i am so confused what is the circle after demons of ruins i have said those of a mark 0 it is this 10 yes this one i will forget this one let us keep it secret this is a pretty good card i will need it later but still no no not yeah but still we have the demons chosen this is like literally my favorite card since the demonstrations will come out which i see in the box one time which is pretty good and rockstrom is not very good actually so yeah i have 2 cats flies as you see so let me show you my dad just a little real quick this is my deck i have 2 cat series packs of blood plague bearer restrictive frenzy bridge blood letters pox brainers titled madness cathedral of dimar beam on broods tuning on routes 2 fifa river one playground defensive satellites definitely needed plenty of parts just for some target 2 hydraulics which has been my one my favorite cards warmonger of course you have to bring him he is very strong italia that is not even the name is it i do not know anyway i was still packed so this is very complete whoa wow they actually changed it actually say what what does that happen did i have some bugs or something ah this is an intro i am just going to show what it is i think because they are adding weapons like this titan so that is what can you play i will forget my few purposes of the video not good for us not good for us anyway anyone anywhere anywhere anywhere 0 we are going to play as a bartender now what is happening why everybody is not playing play play play play i do not like lion i mean be honest i like to lie after a lot but i mean he is being unreasonable all the time i discussed the dictator anyway so i am going to save the undetectable later because it is scary guys well let me see your practice turn demons let us go so i always want pretty much how cool i mean my demons are running storm can be a very strong cars already so yeah i will not complain about it it is pretty good actually already so yeah if you must say what is my favor my most satisfying cards i would say 1st of all the robot killer man that is a definite what just happened what just happened what did i just do to him well bro you can not have this card permanently which is good bro bro this guy does not know how to play does he bro so this guy there is always this guy is like i looking up to this i was like what the heck i was like 0 my gosh it is like he messed up definitely he knocked us on his side were taking a pretty easy round so far pretty good this is surprisingly well actually what is happening here guys what is going on why is people leaving the games so constantly give me a fight if there is any card i feel like i can wait for like ¢70 ratio it is samus definitely one of them it is like you see 28 of 20 it is so good it is like about almost about 90 actually actually what is up it is 74% anyway so it is pretty good already i have to admit that is pretty good actually i like a lot so if they put samuels like i do not know let us change to zayn i will be more satisfied okay i am going to research again get this research i do not know so when i record this video it is one day before the nights come out so do not expect me to say something good one night because i am not making any prediction yet but still evergreen please what let me do that let me do a reveal please what is going on guys what is happening anyway bro bro bro what is happening okay bath cover how old is familiar i will do that i am on the prospero which i will be honest with you it is actually anyway so common strategy common strategy there is no turning back so it is pretty easy to be it is pretty easy it for me 3 years by the way guys but so we are going to tell you about your attacks for later i do not know what is the point of it i do not know i am just saving up you i 0 that is awkward anyway he is going to buff that shoe actually guys he is doing some wow the heck 0 that is pretty not cute guys a little bit grady but still did you try putting coffee all friendly it is going to be so good if that is going on but you save heaven i should do a rage yes i should do already guys i do not know just going to do it i am going to save this for the demon chosen that is what i am going to say i am going to 0 i will go just head out of slash like they are like the basic supplement of each other basically so what do we mean by the supplements that they can just cover for each other basically the buffet shut up so yeah i do not know about the new version i do not know what i would do actually for that to me yeah i guess she is hurt because she searched 0 no do not kill her luck has been outside it is pretty going pretty so far i am going to say should i use it i have 2nd one so do not worry about that i would say i pref i like the demon blues a lot they are pretty useful but not that very useful it is they are different okay to me loser cute now a word yes like it a word good good good good we are doing pretty well so far it was so fun give me a loser it is not because wait does that matter if you are a war does it matters at all i do not think it matters right my plan does not work i want to like not i do not want him to be killed who is the pack is sealed let us do this i always want to should i do this 0 actually i have an idea i have an idea i think a word okay i am a little bit regret of my toys but still does not matter in case something happened 0 we can still so many of you may come right now boy you have lethal already why you do this now this is waste of time yes i will work some time you care about me buddy it does not matters okay so the demon chose to evacuate his work and destroy the enemy psja neither chosen to champion like dantdm said a champion guys i am not a demon chosen i am glad i have him seriously he is always been used for your team over 2 if you have demon chosen you have even chosen you give him a flank by using the harrow that is the nash because it is pretty powerful it is going to be pretty powerful it is like 6 energy biology that if i get worse if this 1st time it is really good pretty good extra life there is this 10 my gosh current cursed box how many different kinds of boxing figures welcome the what is happening i do not really know stop and wondering stop wondering stop wondering what is that guy doing now hey okay what is happening in the world okay okay i do not really know what is happening in the world okay what is happening what is happening okay okay okay what is happening what is going on in the world okay what is happening is this a buckle radical curse 0 what is happening i do not really know do not ask me more 0 what is up with it do not watch me i do not know at all i have everything accessory guys that is what i needed i need it that is true it is so good you should choose and event overall essential he is still about deep down inside he is surprised can not we do anything sad 0 there is a path of blood it is definitely something you should take whatever you play is this game thank god i have not completed thank god for that sandal for that does not matter okay as i said does not matter so i keep my i am a member owner i do not care about that so calvary is definitely not recommended in the top level i mean if you are playing well it is good if you are not playing well do not put it guys please take some guts to play him if you do not have god then do not play him he is showing mercy on me unacceptable i hope word i need a word for him what what is you know what you see you know what you see you know what you say you know what you see i think you know what are you saying you know what to speak you know what you are saying way that you guys are freaking useless what is this radiation i will be too confident on him i realize you are going to keep it later well come on ready ah boy all right guys here comes the self supply line we have another good idea of keeping him together but that is a good idea it is always a good idea to keep her together anyway okay i am a better better braver now that is how it works i always say this is a very powerful truth because of the self supply line look at these good friends look at these good friends how peaceful are they how peaceful okay i am not getting busy i am just because it is pretty useless i think that is weird i do not know why but i think it is river 0 come on feel a bit better than that next time but good job everybody you see the line works that is how we are coming back even though we are going to keep going from the back he is kicking out tons of heights even casper bro bro is this was it yeah i am going to put i do not know 0 forget about forget about it just like that here is the thing guys remember do not never never never never mess up with the demons of ruins because they can always get a heck out of you this is serious this is a serious coin coming guys guys if you are 10 years old below do not watch this part it is going to be bloody heck it is not too bloody but still if you are facing i mean there is a part of beerus at season guys the warhammer horror sergeant community is always committed as a foul abuser because they are abusing about literally like literally jailed what the heck already this is the only card that has not changed all the time dead is coming okay i seriously word i have to get word 0 i am doomed i demon my demon chosen this word if i do not have a word i am dead logic right logic it is just a long crop along away the sun 3 let us go 2 damage we have 64 right now what is happening what is happening guys exper expecting some vampire coming up guys i am serious okay i am just going to spend all of them on the word if possible yes do not worry about that i mean unless he is poisoned which is producers i mean it is pretty useful actually spooky by myself that is cloud that is cloud that is cloud fight against each other is champions down jesus christ buddy chill what do you have what is wrong with you that is why i said he needs to work attack so yeah do not put infantry in here guys do not believe me chaos my seems tempting but it is not working always okay guys remember the theory okay i am going to sacrifice him at him okay i know this one does not matter see i am going to keep him alive he does not have any points sir what are you doing where is the poison demon where is your team what hurry filthy nergo we hate all of you bro this is crazy madness ah i could appreciate why can you just get a word this steven brewer is not listening to my older 0 god read it ridiculous 3 damage to him i told you it is like this is a spell tongue this is not them so i have spiked anyway yeah this is slightly awkward actually i am reading the hell out of somebody today guys you want to play with me come on by me i am just toiling with you okay i am just calling with you i just handle all my firepower on you without hesitation but i am not using this because i am a polite person overall i am pretty good guy you can ultimate you cannot deny the fact i am a super good guy he is not playing what am i seeing this has got 0 my god he is new backstage i see it do not you get it this is literally a backslash demon mortality challenge like bruh really can not even play a normal game today not a single normal game i do not like feeling victory right now victorious right now just do not feel like it if i play the ladder with this convenience i am trying to found already guys already but i am not so that is why this game is hard requires a lot of patience and i realize well why am i disliking my video this time i do not know what is happening another box i mean 0 my god 0 my god 0 my god 0 my god copyright music copyright music almost made it out what should i do guys what should i do i am making a hard decision i mean he is going to be used to our course so yeah that is cool roll girl bro bro bro you are about to pay it okay we need them guys i have always wanted most memory in my game 0 i never i never successfully put up noise do not do this to me please i will have to worry about rainbows too this is so i do not waste your time on this 10 next one next one next next one can i play a normal game please as the time progresses as i said we are those are more but we are very good center good we are finally doing santa guys revenge get a revenge today you are not so scary 0 i am scary your stuff unfortunately cannot work on me so let us accept the privilege guys we are not experiencing the privilege but we did find good fight with 1st medals that is definite guys getting serious this guy is definitely good i really like him but i cannot do this guys he is not worth it wow okay good i do not know what hair loss so i think shall we okay i am i am being a bit too aggressive here just not good guys by the way i can not believe this hell is survived a lot i am still surprised by that actually yo what is his plan say what what is he doing why does he even do that he knows he is not wearing actually what is happening to me anymore good plan buddy good time lucky you sir lucky you okay you can not escape forever 0 this is going to be intense something why does he leave all right so there you guys this is the other video okay so we kind of wing every round 12345678 ah yes so thank you guys this is the other video so if you enjoyed this video click the like button if you want to see more video on hearthstone solution subscribe to our channel besides that if you want to see some new videos some new content and some new games comment in the section below and i will try my best to fulfill your wishes besides that i will see you guys later stay healthy and yourself stay positive bye guys

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrmqtBcrGTM

hello and welcome back to the channel in this video we're going to dive right back into another root tutorial this time for the erie dynasties all right so the cats have established their keep in the bottom left clearing which means our roost must go in the top right the proud erie dynasties wish to reclaim the glory of their once great aristocracy and retake the woodland from the marquis they score each turn by building and protecting roosts we begin with a roost and six warriors the roosts are the erie's only building type whereas the cats have three different building types they're used to craft cards from your hand recruit warriors and score of victory points each turn all right so we're going to need to select a leader and you'll see that each of the leaders have their own abilities so in the bottom here you can see the builder allows you to ignore the stain for trade when you craft etc and then between that and the name they have two words which indicate actions in the decree and picking a leader each one of them will set two actions that will automatically go in your decree and despite is the only one's build so it's a common opening leader for beginner eerie players so we're going to go ahead and select despite here so we can see that we have now a bird card and move and a bird garden so we must follow the official degree each turn and each column of decree is associated with a different action our leader as we just saw determines the initial actions in the cree being move and build and every turn during bird song we have to add one or two cards to our decree and only one of those can be a bird so we're going to add a mouse card to recruit now i'm already going to go a bit against the tutorial here and say uh just real quick that putting a suited card in recruit aka not a bird card is not usually a good idea because as we're gonna see if you ever can't follow all of the actions listed in your decree you're going to go into turmoil which is not good we will explore the effects later in this tutorial but if we are putting a recruit in a mouse it's very easy for the other players in the game if they so choose to say all we have to do is destroy that mouse roost and then they can't recruit in a mouse clearing and then they just terminals right away so just keep that in mind in your first few games is eerie that you're going to want to try and stay away from that uh pitfall so as our decree grows we can do more and more each turn and when we just assign cards to the decree only the suit applies so if we wanted to use it a card's effect we're going to have to save it for the crafting phase which is during daylight so in bird song we make craft cards from our hand using roost oh is it actually is it actually craft during no daylight is craft okay so that's just a type of tutorial so we make craft cards from our hand using roost and each roost contributes the suit of its clearing towards paying costs much like the marquis workshops in fact the exact same way so our roost in the mouse clearing will allow us to craft sappers man they really like crafting sappers in these tutorials again cyprus is a bird card the bird cards are also valuable for the erie because they provide a lot of flexibility in their decree so i also don't necessarily agree with crafting sappers although it is a tutorial and we're just doing it as an example all right so during daylight our decrees is all from left to right starting with recruit ending with build and we're going to recruit a warrior in a roost matching the suit of the decree assignment which for us right now is mouse then we move on to move and since it's a bird move we can move from any clearing note that the move is moved from a clearing not move two so if say we had a bunny card and move we wouldn't be able to do a bunny move because we have to move from a bunny clearing not two so keep that in mind all right so we're going to move three warriors down to this fox clearing and that will allow us to maximize the hit potential of a die roll since a die rolls between zero and three we don't actually have a battle action so we're not going to take it one thing to note is if the marquis did have an ambush it would reduce our number of hits down to one so if you suspect that they had an ambush you might want to move one or two more warriors if it was a particularly crucial battle for you all right so now we're going to build our second roost and that is going to fulfill the build portion of our decree at the start of our evening we score victory points for our roosts and we're going to go ahead and take a look at the roost track here so the more roost you have the more victory points you score each turn and you can see that our third and sixth roosts will give us extra card draws the same way that the marquis recruiters do [Music] so our next goal for the tutorial is to establish a third roost okay here come the cats produce some wood at their sawmill build a recruiter in a central clearing and then take a recruit action and a march decent turn for the cats there all right so now we're going to oh it's going to want us to add a fox card to recruit because they want us to get more orders out again that's a bit risky and now we're gonna go ahead and assign our mouse card to battling okay and we're gonna go ahead into daylight so nothing to craft this turn but we can only gain one point from crafting anyway so like i said in the previous video crafting either rewards you with items and points or effects there's no uh detriment to the ear when they craft for effects but when they're crafting for points they're limited to one unless they have the builder leader which we saw earlier uh removes the stain for trade and while we're talking about disdain for trade we might as well talk about the lords of the forest ability which allows erie to rule any clearings where they're tied in presence and that can come in handy more often than you might think all right so we're gonna have to recruit a warrior in each of these two clearings and then we're gonna go ahead and move three warriors into the mouse clearing with the recruiter and that's going to set up our battle which we're going to have to take in a mouse clearing every turn from here on out until we turmoil or the game ends all right let's go ahead and fight it's gonna be 2-1 so we unfortunately won't take out the recruiter but not a terrible role there and in fact leaving the recruiter there is nice because it means we don't have to do any extra work next turn to get our mouse battle right if the recruiter had been removed then on our upcoming turn we would not be able to battle in this mouse clan because there's no cat presence we would have to go all the way over here to get our mouse battle it's the only clearing with cats so it's actually quite nice that the recruiter is still on the board [Music] we'll go ahead and build a roost there and now we draw an additional card because we have three roosts marquise is going to use their field hospitals and recover those two warriors back at their keep and then which means that all warriors are going to drop in this fight but the roost is gonna go down which is quite unfortunate because like i was talking about before we only have one roost and a fox clearing so not only are the marquis gonna get a point for destroying the roost they're gonna cause us to lose points on our turmoil which we're going to see in a second our little vizier feels term while approaching but we must add to the decree each turn no matter what so we're going to make an assignment not worry too much about where let's add a mouse card to recruit so that we can at least get another warrior out on the board before we turn one we have nothing to craft so let's go straight into resolving the decree we got five warriors here and two here so it makes sense to focus on bulking up this clearing take both of our recruits in there and unfortunately now we have no fox roofs to recruit at so that is the danger of putting suited carts in a recruit you should avoid it if possible definitely much safer to put them and move and battle sometimes so let's go ahead and continue into turmoil so since we couldn't fulfill all actions our leader is going to get deposed and we're going to lose some points all right so we discard all the cards in our decree we're going to be starting fresh and we're going to lose one point for each bird cart that we had in the decree so we only have the two being the viziers so we're going to lose two points and then we're going to pick a new leader and go straight to evening we're not going to play the rest of our turn poof they're going all right so let's choose a new leader here we've got three options now uh despite is not an option for us for the rest of the game unless we go through all four leaders and if you um go through all four leaders then it is highly unlikely that you're going to be winning that game as theory dynasties let's just say that so i think it would be nice to pick up the commander here he's going to let us place two warriors each time we take a recruit action so let's grab him he's going to add to the recruit and battle parts of our decree and so like azir says avoiding turmoil requires careful placement of cards on the decree and we're going to have to try and match suits of clearings we plan on interacting with and the bird cards uh they do lose victory points for adding more of them if we turmoil but they offer flexibility that can help prevent us from turmoiling as we saw if we had had only bird cards and recruit we wouldn't have turmoiled there so i do like how the ears play a lot they're like a puzzle where you're constantly uh balancing uh pieces of the puzzle higher and higher and uh trying to keep it from falling over it's a precarious dance i'm a fan a bit of a spoiler i actually do like the cats the best of the four base factions in root but yuri is high up on the list as well i am an eerie fan all right so we need to score 10 points to complete the scenario so we can minimize the decree box here to take a look at the map and let's go ahead and see what we want to do here we only have box cards which isn't great so when we only have fox cards it's going to make the most sense to put it in move let's go ahead and do that we could be able to craft this later so let's go ahead oh i mean yeah i pressed the cancel button on the degree if you want to undo sure i mean he's right but also like the only thing we could do is okay yeah that makes sense we don't have another move unfortunately so we can't actually do that without turmoiling he's right so unfortunate card draws um let's go ahead and put it in battle which i don't want to do but it's the only way to really over avoid and we don't have to move yeah uh dude there's no way we're not turning on here we can't recruit we can't build because there's no way okay well yeah sorry about that um this was maybe not the best example i could give you of how to play the erie here um but as unfortunate as it is sometimes that's just the hand your dollar theory so when you turmoil you're going to want to have a well-established hand because you're going to have played several turns and that's going to help prevent a double turmoil like we just saw because you're going to hopefully have accumulated a bird card or two to help get your new decree on its feet and since we were forced to terminal as part of the tutorial we were left with absolutely no cards and we were completely at the whim of the draw to uh determine what happened next so we're gonna go with commander which will allow us to move in battle so let's go for no turmoil workshop there all right yep so we're not going to bite off more than we can chew and remember that yeah we're going to follow the turmoil we just saw that happen unfortunately so let's think about what we want to do here unfortunately for us yet again we don't have a mouse card and we only have roosted mouse clearings thankfully because of our burden though we can add a suited move and we can move into the clearing that we then wish to move from so let's actually [Music] all right so let's march and then we'll go ahead and march two of them into there and leaving one warrior there will still allow us to rule on the tie since we're lords of the forest and then we will take our battle against our keys here and because we have the commander leader we get to deal an extra hit in battle when we're attacking so we rolled a three but it's capped at two because of our warriors but we get an x-ray from commander which is actually gonna allow us to destroy the recruiter which is really nice and just so you know when uh buildings or tokens are being destroyed and you have more than one the defender gets to choose which get removed first not the attacker cats are gonna feel the hospital again and they're going to craft using that workshop armor which allows them to discard that card during battle to ignore all the rules and they're gonna take a march all right here comes our turn we're still aiming for unfortunately uh no bird card to put in build again so we're either gonna have to put a suited card in build most likely being the rabbit uh build here and build onto play roosts before turmoil and yeah this is not an ideal situation to be in as the erie for sure the rocky start did not help us but yeah let's go ahead and put this in build as much as i don't want to we need to score points fast and if we don't uh even in a regular game if we didn't put this card in build now we would get left behind if we're not scoring points so unfortunate that we have to do that but do it we will nonetheless and we're not actually recruiting any birds either we're just working with what we have on the board so that's unfortunate let's march these guys back into this clearing and then let's march since we have to move from bunny we've gotta move let's move them back into here just one guy and then for our battle we don't want to lose any warriors in this clearing let's battle here it's possible the bonus hit from commander so that is quite unfortunate for us there but we are going to get to build our roost and complete the turn and still no bird cards all right that's fine it's fine i don't even feel comfortable using a suited recruit even as a last resort because we only have multiple roosts in mouse clearings and we don't have a mouse card i've just gotten really unlucky without doing so we could add to bunny recruit and just hope they don't take out the roost i don't want to do that though let's go ahead and do it though yeah this is this is quite the situation as the area here and fox cars aren't doing much for us anyway so let's craft this travel gear getting as close to the 10 points we need to reach our goal and actually put this in a good spot because we're gonna get three points from roosts so we could possibly oh there's a way so let's go ahead and move the two warriors in here we need to roll again on a tie useful and then we'll move both we'll move both warriors out and that's a bit risky because it's leaving well actually never mind i was going to say it's leaving our one bunny roost undefended but at the end of the turn we'll have a new bunny boost here so it's not putting us in immediate danger of terminal but it's still not a great flight leaving non-defending boost i'm only doing that because i'm trying to get to 10 points on this turn so and if that happens the cats won't get another turn here and we get the commander bonus so we're gonna take out the workshop which will get us another point which puts us in a short distance of 10 with our final roost so that was a bit of a sticky situation but we were able to maneuver our way out of it all right so that was the erie dynasties tutorial again just really covering the basics of the faction and so if you guys want a full-fledged strategy guide let me know in the comments i'll definitely consider making that and i will see you guys in the next video where we'll be covering the tutorial for the woodland alliance

hello and welcome back to the channel in this video we are going to dive right back into another root tutorial this time for the erie dynasties all right so the cats have established their keep in the bottom left clearing which means our roost must go in the top right the proud erie dynasties wish to reclaim the glory of their once great aristocracy and retake the woodland from the marquis they score each turn by building and protecting roosts we begin with a roost and 6 warriors the roosts are the erie is only building type whereas the cats have 3 different building types they are used to craft cards from your hand recruit warriors and score of victory points each turn all right so we are going to need to select a leader and you will see that each of the leaders have their own abilities so in the bottom here you can see the builder allows you to ignore the stain for trade when you craft etc and then between that and the name they have 2 words which indicate actions in the decree and picking a leader each one of them will set 2 actions that will automatically go in your decree and despite is the only one is build so it is a common opening leader for beginner eerie players so we are going to go ahead and select despite here so we can see that we have now a bird card and move and a bird garden so we must follow the official degree each turn and each column of decree is associated with a different action our leader as we just saw determines the initial actions in the cree being move and build and every turn during bird song we have to add one or 2 cards to our decree and only one of those can be a bird so we are going to add a mouse card to recruit now i am already going to go a bit against the tutorial here and say just real quick that putting a suited card in recruit aka not a bird card is not usually a good idea because as we are going to see if you ever can not follow all of the actions listed in your decree you are going to go into turmoil which is not good we will explore the effects later in this tutorial but if we are putting a recruit in a mouse it is very easy for the other players in the game if they so choose to say all we have to do is destroy that mouse roost and then they can not recruit in a mouse clearing and then they just terminals right away so just keep that in mind in your 1st few games is eerie that you are going to want to try and stay away from that pitfall so as our decree grows we can do more and more each turn and when we just assign cards to the decree only the suit applies so if we wanted to use it a card is effect we are going to have to save it for the crafting phase which is during daylight so in bird song we make craft cards from our hand using roost 0 is it actually is it actually craft during no daylight is craft okay so that is just a type of tutorial so we make craft cards from our hand using roost and each roost contributes the suit of its clearing towards paying costs much like the marquis workshops in fact the exact same way so our roost in the mouse clearing will allow us to craft sappers man they really like crafting sappers in these tutorials again cyprus is a bird card the bird cards are also valuable for the erie because they provide a lot of flexibility in their decree so i also do not necessarily agree with crafting sappers although it is a tutorial and we are just doing it as an example all right so during daylight our decrees is all from left to right starting with recruit ending with build and we are going to recruit a warrior in a roost matching the suit of the decree assignment which for us right now is mouse then we move on to move and since it is a bird move we can move from any clearing note that the move is moved from a clearing not move 2 so if say we had a bunny card and move we would not be able to do a bunny move because we have to move from a bunny clearing not 2 so keep that in mind all right so we are going to move 3 warriors down to this fox clearing and that will allow us to maximize the hit potential of a die roll since a die rolls between 0 and 3 we do not actually have a battle action so we are not going to take it one thing to note is if the marquis did have an ambush it would reduce our number of hits down to one so if you suspect that they had an ambush you might want to move one or 2 more warriors if it was a particularly crucial battle for you all right so now we are going to build our 2nd roost and that is going to fulfill the build portion of our decree at the start of our evening we score victory points for our roosts and we are going to go ahead and take a look at the roost track here so the more roost you have the more victory points you score each turn and you can see that our 3rd and 6th roosts will give us extra card draws the same way that the marquis recruiters do so our next goal for the tutorial is to establish a 3rd roost okay here come the cats produce some wood at their sawmill build a recruiter in a central clearing and then take a recruit action and a march decent turn for the cats there all right so now we are going to 0 it is going to want us to add a fox card to recruit because they want us to get more orders out again that is a bit risky and now we are going to go ahead and assign our mouse card to battling okay and we are going to go ahead into daylight so nothing to craft this turn but we can only gain one point from crafting anyway so like i said in the previous video crafting either rewards you with items and points or effects there is no detriment to the ear when they craft for effects but when they are crafting for points they are limited to one unless they have the builder leader which we saw earlier removes the stain for trade and while we are talking about disdain for trade we might as well talk about the lords of the forest ability which allows erie to rule any clearings where they are tied in presence and that can come in handy more often than you might think all right so we are going to have to recruit a warrior in each of these 2 clearings and then we are going to go ahead and move 3 warriors into the mouse clearing with the recruiter and that is going to set up our battle which we are going to have to take in a mouse clearing every turn from here on out until we turmoil or the game ends all right let us go ahead and fight it is going to be 21 so we unfortunately will not take out the recruiter but not a terrible role there and in fact leaving the recruiter there is nice because it means we do not have to do any extra work next turn to get our mouse battle right if the recruiter had been removed then on our upcoming turn we would not be able to battle in this mouse clan because there is no cat presence we would have to go all the way over here to get our mouse battle it is the only clearing with cats so it is actually quite nice that the recruiter is still on the board we will go ahead and build a roost there and now we draw an additional card because we have 3 roosts marquise is going to use their field hospitals and recover those 2 warriors back at their keep and then which means that all warriors are going to drop in this fight but the roost is going to go down which is quite unfortunate because like i was talking about before we only have one roost and a fox clearing so not only are the marquis going to get a point for destroying the roost they are going to cause us to lose points on our turmoil which we are going to see in a 2nd our little vizier feels term while approaching but we must add to the decree each turn no matter what so we are going to make an assignment not worry too much about where let us add a mouse card to recruit so that we can at least get another warrior out on the board before we turn one we have nothing to craft so let us go straight into resolving the decree we got 5 warriors here and 2 here so it makes sense to focus on bulking up this clearing take both of our recruits in there and unfortunately now we have no fox roofs to recruit at so that is the danger of putting suited carts in a recruit you should avoid it if possible definitely much safer to put them and move and battle sometimes so let us go ahead and continue into turmoil so since we could not fulfill all actions our leader is going to get deposed and we are going to lose some points all right so we discard all the cards in our decree we are going to be starting fresh and we are going to lose one point for each bird cart that we had in the decree so we only have the 2 being the viziers so we are going to lose 2 points and then we are going to pick a new leader and go straight to evening we are not going to play the rest of our turn poof they are going all right so let us choose a new leader here we have got 3 options now despite is not an option for us for the rest of the game unless we go through all 4 leaders and if you go through all 4 leaders then it is highly unlikely that you are going to be winning that game as theory dynasties let us just say that so i think it would be nice to pick up the commander here he is going to let us place 2 warriors each time we take a recruit action so let us grab him he is going to add to the recruit and battle parts of our decree and so like azir says avoiding turmoil requires careful placement of cards on the decree and we are going to have to try and match suits of clearings we plan on interacting with and the bird cards they do lose victory points for adding more of them if we turmoil but they offer flexibility that can help prevent us from turmoiling as we saw if we had had only bird cards and recruit we would not have turmoiled there so i do like how the ears play a lot they are like a puzzle where you are constantly balancing pieces of the puzzle higher and higher and trying to keep it from falling over it is a precarious dance i am a fan a bit of a spoiler i actually do like the cats the best of the 4 base factions in root but yuri is high up on the list as well i am an eerie fan all right so we need to score 10 points to complete the scenario so we can minimize the decree box here to take a look at the map and let us go ahead and see what we want to do here we only have box cards which is not great so when we only have fox cards it is going to make the most sense to put it in move let us go ahead and do that we could be able to craft this later so let us go ahead 0 i mean yeah i pressed the cancel button on the degree if you want to undo sure i mean he is right but also like the only thing we could do is okay yeah that makes sense we do not have another move unfortunately so we can not actually do that without turmoiling he is right so unfortunate card draws let us go ahead and put it in battle which i do not want to do but it is the only way to really over avoid and we do not have to move yeah dude there is no way we are not turning on here we can not recruit we can not build because there is no way okay well yeah sorry about that this was maybe not the best example i could give you of how to play the erie here but as unfortunate as it is sometimes that is just the hand your dollar theory so when you turmoil you are going to want to have a well established hand because you are going to have played several turns and that is going to help prevent a double turmoil like we just saw because you are going to hopefully have accumulated a bird card or 2 to help get your new decree on its feet and since we were forced to terminal as part of the tutorial we were left with absolutely no cards and we were completely at the whim of the draw to determine what happened next so we are going to go with commander which will allow us to move in battle so let us go for no turmoil workshop there all right yep so we are not going to bite off more than we can chew and remember that yeah we are going to follow the turmoil we just saw that happen unfortunately so let us think about what we want to do here unfortunately for us yet again we do not have a mouse card and we only have roosted mouse clearings thankfully because of our burden though we can add a suited move and we can move into the clearing that we then wish to move from so let us actually all right so let us march and then we will go ahead and march 2 of them into there and leaving one warrior there will still allow us to rule on the tie since we are lords of the forest and then we will take our battle against our keys here and because we have the commander leader we get to deal an extra hit in battle when we are attacking so we rolled a 3 but it is capped at 2 because of our warriors but we get an x ray from commander which is actually going to allow us to destroy the recruiter which is really nice and just so you know when buildings or tokens are being destroyed and you have more than one the defender gets to choose which get removed 1st not the attacker cats are going to feel the hospital again and they are going to craft using that workshop armor which allows them to discard that card during battle to ignore all the rules and they are going to take a march all right here comes our turn we are still aiming for unfortunately no bird card to put in build again so we are either going to have to put a suited card in build most likely being the rabbit build here and build onto play roosts before turmoil and yeah this is not an ideal situation to be in as the erie for sure the rocky start did not help us but yeah let us go ahead and put this in build as much as i do not want to we need to score points fast and if we do not even in a regular game if we did not put this card in build now we would get left behind if we are not scoring points so unfortunate that we have to do that but do it we will nonetheless and we are not actually recruiting any birds either we are just working with what we have on the board so that is unfortunate let us march these guys back into this clearing and then let us march since we have to move from bunny we have got to move let us move them back into here just one guy and then for our battle we do not want to lose any warriors in this clearing let us battle here it is possible the bonus hit from commander so that is quite unfortunate for us there but we are going to get to build our roost and complete the turn and still no bird cards all right that is fine it is fine i do not even feel comfortable using a suited recruit even as a last resort because we only have multiple roosts in mouse clearings and we do not have a mouse card i have just gotten really unlucky without doing so we could add to bunny recruit and just hope they do not take out the roost i do not want to do that though let us go ahead and do it though yeah this is this is quite the situation as the area here and fox cars are not doing much for us anyway so let us craft this travel gear getting as close to the 10 points we need to reach our goal and actually put this in a good spot because we are going to get 3 points from roosts so we could possibly 0 there is a way so let us go ahead and move the 2 warriors in here we need to roll again on a tie useful and then we will move both we will move both warriors out and that is a bit risky because it is leaving well actually never mind i was going to say it is leaving our one bunny roost undefended but at the end of the turn we will have a new bunny boost here so it is not putting us in immediate danger of terminal but it is still not a great flight leaving non defending boost i am only doing that because i am trying to get to 10 points on this turn so and if that happens the cats will not get another turn here and we get the commander bonus so we are going to take out the workshop which will get us another point which puts us in a short distance of 10 with our final roost so that was a bit of a sticky situation but we were able to maneuver our way out of it all right so that was the erie dynasties tutorial again just really covering the basics of the faction and so if you guys want a full fledged strategy guide let me know in the comments i will definitely consider making that and i will see you guys in the next video where we will be covering the tutorial for the woodland alliance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mdfn3b1A0tU

that means when we are coming we are singing We don't come before a person is worrying joining complaining we come with sink test someone that come with sinking and he said know that the Lord is called know that they are deny they Master the ruler the savior he is the creator the Elohim and it is he who made us and we are his War people [Music] that means we belong to God I'm not talking to somebody I'm not talking to somebody here we belong to God not man we are not man's property we are God's Property so I said therefore enter his gate with Thanksgiving and his caught with praise that means when I am coming before God I'm coming with appreciation I'm talking about the thing that God has done for me Hallelujah his goodness mercies I ponder over all these things and I come before his presence Hallelujah with Thanksgiving and it's coming to our praise person we praise and he said be thankful unto him and bless his name for the Lord is good the Lord is for a good God and his mercies the Everlasting and his truth continues to all generation that means in every generation God has a people prepared to praise him listen to me carefully he said his truth is to all generation that means every generation sometimes we said this generation is bad this generation is evil this generation no no no but God always say have a Remnant prepared reserved in every generation that God will lift up that God will rest up that God will Quicken that these people to rise and praise me people will come back God will has a remnant so the Bible says you and we are addressing generation in this our time a royal peaceful a holy war Nation first Peter 2 9. God's own special unique people that we should support the presence of him who has called us out of Darkness into His Marvelous Light tell me the reason why we should bring forth praise is because God had delivered us from darkness and have brought us into light we were not the people but now person the of God who have not obtained Mercy but now have obtained some time ago we had no God and not enjoying God's mercies but now so we have every right and every cause to dance Club to sing to somersault to run whatever it is that will do to thank God we must do show our pieces because that is our duty that's what God has called us to to amen

that means when we are coming we are singing we do not come before a person is worrying joining complaining we come with sink test someone that come with sinking and he said know that the lord is called know that they are deny they master the ruler the savior he is the creator the elohim and it is he who made us and we are his war people that means we belong to god i am not talking to somebody i am not talking to somebody here we belong to god not man we are not man is property we are god is property so i said therefore enter his gate with thanksgiving and his caught with praise that means when i am coming before god i am coming with appreciation i am talking about the thing that god has done for me hallelujah his goodness mercies i ponder over all these things and i come before his presence hallelujah with thanksgiving and it is coming to our praise person we praise and he said be thankful unto him and bless his name for the lord is good the lord is for a good god and his mercies the everlasting and his truth continues to all generation that means in every generation god has a people prepared to praise him listen to me carefully he said his truth is to all generation that means every generation sometimes we said this generation is bad this generation is evil this generation no no no but god always say have a remnant prepared reserved in every generation that god will lift up that god will rest up that god will quicken that these people to rise and praise me people will come back god will has a remnant so the bible says you and we are addressing generation in this our time a royal peaceful a holy war nation 1st peter 2 9 god is own special unique people that we should support the presence of him who has called us out of darkness into his marvelous light tell me the reason why we should bring forth praise is because god had delivered us from darkness and have brought us into light we were not the people but now person the of god who have not obtained mercy but now have obtained some time ago we had no god and not enjoying god is mercies but now so we have every right and every cause to dance club to sing to somersault to run whatever it is that will do to thank god we must do show our pieces because that is our duty that is what god has called us to to amen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNW0OikaZjI

the English term enlightenment is the Western translation of the abstract noun body sanskrit body pali body the knowledge or wisdom or awakened intellect of a buddha the verbal root Budh means to awaken and it's literal meaning is closer to awakening although it's most common usage is in the context of Buddhism the term Buddha is also used in other indian philosophies and traditions the term enlightenment was popularized in the Western world through the 19th century translations of Max Muller it has the Western connotation of a sudden insight into a transcendental truth or reality the term is also being used to translate several other Buddhist terms and concepts which are used to denote Insight Prajna kensho and Satori knowledge vidya the blowing out nirvana are disturbing emotions and desires and the subsequent freedom or release v mu t and the attainment of Buddhahood as exemplified by Gautama Buddha what exactly constituted the Buddha's awakening is unknown it may probably have involved the knowledge that liberation was attained by the combination of mindfulness and Jana applied to the understanding of the arising and ceasing of craving the relation between gianna and insight is a core problem in the study of Buddhism and is one of the fundamentals of Buddhist practice in the Western world the concept of spiritual enlightenment has taken on a romantic meaning it has become synonymous with self-realization and the true self and false self being regarded as a substantial essence being covered over by social conditioning topic etymology body Sanskrit body awakening perfect knowledge perfect knowledge or wisdom by which a man becomes a Buddha Buddha or Gina Gina ara hint victorious quote quote Victor the illuminated or enlightened intellect of a Buddha or Gina it is an abstract noun formed from the verbal root asterisk Budh Sanskrit butter to awaken to know to wake wake up be awake to recover consciousness after a swoon to observe he'd attend to it corresponds to the verbs Bhuj RT poly and bowed RT but it become or be aware of perceived learn know understand awake or body eight Sanskrit the feminine sanskrit noun of asterisk Budh is Budi Budi prescient intuition perception point of view topic translation Robert s Cohen notes that the majority of English books on Buddhism used the term enlightenment to translate the term body the rude Budh from which both body and Buddha had derived means to wake up or to recover consciousness Cohen notes that body is not the result of an illumination but of a path of realization or coming to understanding the term enlightenment his event oriented whereas the term awakening his process oriented the Western use of the term enlighten has Christian roots as in Calvin's it is God alone who enlightens our minds to perceive his truths early 19th century body was translated as intelligence the term enlighten was first being used in 1835 in an English translation of a French article while the first recorded use of the term enlightenment is credited by the Oxford English Dictionary to the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal February 1836 in 1857 The Times used the term the enlightened for the Buddha in a short article which was reprinted the following year by Max moola thereafter the use of the term subsided but reappeared with the publication of Max mullahs chips from a German workshop which included a reprint from The Times article the book was translated in 1969 into German using the term derelict TT Max Mahler was an essentialist who believed in a natural religion and saw religion as an inherent capacity of human beings enlightenment was a means to capture natural religious truths as distinguished from mere mythology by the mid-1870s it had become commonplace to call the buddha enlightened and by the end of the 1880s the terms enlightened and enlightenment dominated the english literature topic related terms topic inside topic body body Sanskrit Pali from the verbal root bud to awaken to understand means literally to have woken up and understood according to johannes broncos Tillman Vetter and KR norman body was at first not specified KR norman it is not at all clear what gaining body means we are accustomed to the translation enlightenment for body but this is misleading it is not clear what the buddha was awakened to or at what particular point the awakening came according to Norman body may basically have meant the knowledge that Nibbana was attained due to the practice of gianna originally only prashna may have been mentioned and Tilghman Veda even concludes that originally gianna itself was deemed liberating with the stilling of pleasure of pain in the fourth jhana not the gaining of some perfect wisdom or insight Gombrich also had used that the emphasis on insight is a later development in Theravada Buddhism body refers to the realization of the four stages of enlightenment and becoming an era hint in Theravada Buddhism body is equal to supreme insight and the realization of the Four Noble Truths which leads to deliverance according to nyaya novel oka through body one awakens from the slumber or stupa inflicted upon the mind by the defilement Scaletta q V and comprehends the Four Noble Truths sacca q v this equation of body with the Four Noble Truths is a later development in response to developments within Indian religious fort where liberating insight was deemed essential for liberation the Four Noble Truths is the liberating insight of the Buddha eventually was superseded by Pradesh Assam apart-er the 12 fold chain of causation and still later by anatta the emptiness of the self in Mahayana Buddhism body is equal to pragma insight into the Buddha nature sunyata Intifada this is equal to the realization of the non duality of absolute and relative you topic Prajna in Theravada Buddhism panna poly means understanding wisdom insight insight is equivalent to Vipassana insight into the three marks of existence namely Chanukah darker in anata insight leads to the four stages of enlightenment and Nirvana in Mahayana Buddhism Prajna sanskrit means insight or wisdom and entails insight into sun yatta the attainment of this insight is often seen as the attainment of enlightenment topic can show in satori kensho and satori are Japanese terms used in Zen traditions kensho means seeing into one's true nature can means seeing sho means nature essence c q buddha nature satori japanese is often used interchangeably with ken show but refers to the experience of kensho the rings i tradition sees ken show is essential to the attainment of Buddhahood but considers further practice essential to attain Buddhahood East Asian Chinese Buddhism emphasizes insight into Buddha nature this term is derived from Indian tathagatagarbha thought the womb of the thus gone the Buddha the inherent potential of every sentient being to become a Buddha this idea was integrated with the yogacara idea of the Alea vai Nana and further developed in Chinese Buddhism which integrated Indian Buddhism with native Chinese thought Buddha nature came to mean both the potential of awakening and the whole of reality a dynamic interpenetration of absolute and relative in this awakening it is realized that observer and observed are not distinct entities but mutually codependent topic knowledge the term video is being used in contrast to a video ignorance or the lack of knowledge which binds us to samsara the maha saki okasada describes the three knowledge as which the Buddha attained insight into his past lives insight into the workings of karma and reincarnation insight into the Four Noble Truths according to Bronckhorst the first to knowledge Azhar later editions while insight into the four truths represents a later development in response to concurring religious traditions in which liberating insight came to be stressed over the practice of Gianna topic freedom the muti also called moksha means freedom release deliverance sometimes a distinction is being made between set over muti liberation of the mind and pannabai muti liberation by understanding the Buddhist tradition recognizes two kinds of set over mu t1 temporarily in one permanent the last being equivalent to pan over mu T yogacara uses the term as raya power of t revolution of the basis a sudden revulsion turning or returning of the Olay Irvine Anna back into its original state of purity the mind returns to its original condition of non-attachment non-discrimination and non duality topic nirvana Nirvana is the blowing out a disturbing emotions which is the same as liberation the usage of the term enlightenment to translate Nirvana was popularized in the 19th century due in part to the efforts of Max Muller who used the term consistently in his translations topic Buddha's awakening topic buddhahood three types of buddha are recognized arhat poly-r a hint those who reach nirvana by following the teachings of the Buddha sometimes the terms Rebecca burdo Poly serviço Buddha is used to designate this kind of awakened person Pratt I Iike Buddha's Pali pax kabura those who reach nirvana through self-realization without the aid of spiritual guides and teachers but don't teach the Dharma samyak some Buddha Pali samma sam Buddha often simply referred to as Buddha one who has reached Nirvana by his own efforts and wisdom and teaches it skillfully to others siddhartha gautama known as the buddha is said to have achieved full awakening known as sam yuksam Bodhi sanskrit Pali samisen Bodhi perfect Buddhahood or an address samyak Sam Bodhi highest perfect awakening the term Buddha has acquired somewhat different meanings in the various Buddhist traditions an equivalent term for Buddha is tathagata the thus gone the way to Buddhahood is somewhat differently understood in the various Buddhist traditions topic the awakening of the Buddha topic canonical accounts in the sada potaka the Buddhist Canon is preserved in the Theravada tradition a couple of texts can be found in which the Buddha's attainment of liberation forms part of the narrative theory Aparri asana sada may jiminy kaya 26 describes how the Buddha was dissatisfied with the teachings of Alara Kalama and Arikara Maputo wandered further through Magadan country and then found an agreeable piece of ground which served for striving the sutra then only says that he attained nirvana in the vana paths asada may jiminy kaya 17 the Buddha describes life in the jungle and the attainment of awakening the maha sake casada may jiminy kaya 36 describes his ascetic practices which he abandoned thereafter he remembered a spontaneous state of jhana and set out for jhana practice both such as narrate how after destroying the disturbances of the mind and attaining concentration of the mind he attained three knowledge 'as Vidya insight into his past lives insight into the workings of karma and reincarnation insight into the Four Noble Truths insight into the Four Noble Truths is here called awakening the monk Baku has attained the unattained supreme security from bondage awakening is also described as synonymous with nirvana the extinction of the passions whereby suffering is ended and no more rebirths take place the insight arises that this liberation is certain knowledge arose in me and insight my freedom is certain this is my last birth now there is no rebirth topic critical assessment Sh'ma those in notes that the mention of the Four Noble Truths is constituting liberating insight which is attained after mastering the Roopa Jonah's is a later addition to text such as Meiji money kayo thirty-six Bronckhorst notices that dot the accounts which include the Four Noble Truths had a completely different conception of the process of liberation than the one which includes the four Gianna's and the destruction of the intoxicants it calls in question the reliability of these accounts and the relation between dianna and insight which is a core problem in the study of early Buddhism originally the term progeny may have been used which came to be replaced by the four truths in those texts where liberating insight was preceded by the four Jonah's Broncos also notices that the conception of what exactly this liberating insight was developed throughout time whereas originally it may not have been specified later on the four truths served as such to be superseded by Pradesh Assam apart-er and still later in the Hinayana schools by the doctrine of the non-existence of a substantial self or person and schmick housing notices that still other descriptions of this liberating insight exist in the Buddhist Canon that the five skandhas are impermanent disagreeable and neither the self nor belonging to oneself the contemplation of the arising and disappearance Budhia buyer of the five skandhas the realization of the skander's is empty Radhika vain to Chaka and without any pith or substance a Soraka an example of this substitution and its consequences is Mei ji money kaya 36 to 42 - 43 which gives an account of the awakening of the Buddha topic understanding of body and Buddhahood in Buddhism the term body acquired variety of meanings and connotations during the development of Buddhist thoughts in the various schools topic early Buddhism in early Buddhism body carried a meaning synonymous to Nirvana using only some different metaphors to describe the insight which implied the extinction of loba greed dosa hate and moher delusion topic Theravada in Theravada Buddhism body and Nirvana carry the same meaning that are being freed from greed hate and delusion in Theravada Buddhism body refers to the realization of the four stages of enlightenment and becoming a Nara hint in Theravada Buddhism body is equal to supreme insight the realization of the Four Noble Truths which leads to deliverance reaching full awakening is equivalent in meaning to reaching Nirvana attaining Nirvana is the ultimate goal of Theravada and other Slovakia traditions it involves the abandonment of the ten fetters and the cessation of dukkha or suffering full awakening is reached in four stages according to nyan at Aloka through body one awakens from the slumber or stupa inflicted upon the mind by the defilement Scaletta q V and comprehends the Four Noble Truths sacker q v since the 1980s Western Theravada oriented teachers have started to question the primacy of insight according to thany sorrow bhikkhu jhana and Vipassana insight form an integrated practice Pollock and arbol following scholars like veteran Bronckhorst argue that right effort SI q the four right efforts since restraint preventing the arising of unwholesome states and the generation of wholesome states mindfulness and jana form an integrated practice in which Gianna is the actualization of insight leading to an awakened awareness which is nonreactive and lucid topic Mahayana in Mahayana thought body is the realization of the inseparability of samsara and Nirvana and the unity of subject and object it is similar to pragna to realizing the Buddha nature realizing Sun yatta and realizing suchness in time the Buddha's awakening came to be understood as an immediate full awakening and liberation instead of the insight into uncertainty about the way to follow to reach enlightenment however in some Zen traditions this perfection came to be relativized again according to one contemporary Zen master Shakyamuni Buddha and body Dharma are still practicing Mahayana discerns three forms of awakened beings arahat liberation for oneself bodhisattva liberation for living beings for Buddhahood within the various Mahayana schools exist various further explanations and interpretations in Mahayana Buddhism the Bodhisattva is the ideal the ultimate goal is not only of one's own liberation in Buddhahood but the liberation of all living beings but Mahayana Buddhism also developed a cosmology with a wide range of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas who assist humans on their way to liberation Nichiren Buddhism regards Buddhahood as a state of perfect freedom in which one is awakened to the eternal and ultimate truth that is the reality of all things this supreme state of life is characterized by boundless wisdom and infinite compassion the Lotus Sutra reveals that Buddhahood is a potential in the lives of all beings topic buddha-nature in the tathagata goober buddha-nature doctrines body becomes equivalent to the universal natural and pure state of the mind body is the final goal of a bodhisattva's career body is pure universal and immediate knowledge which extends over all time all universes all beings and elements conditioned and unconditioned it is absolute and identical with reality and thus it is Tassadar body is immaculate and non conceptual and that being not an outer object cannot be understood by discursive thought it has neither beginning nor middle nor end and it is indivisible it is non dual ad Veeam the only possible way to comprehend it is through samadhi by the yogin according to these doctrines body is always there within one's mind but requires the defilements to be removed this vision is expounded in texts such as the shure anima sutra and the utter are tantra in Shingen Buddhism the state of body is also seen as naturally inherent in the mind it is the minds natural and pure state where no distinction is being made between a perceiving subject and perceived objects this is also the understanding of body found in yogacara Buddhism to achieve this vision of non duality it is necessary to recognize one's own mind it means that you are to know the inherent natural state of the mind by eliminating the split into a perceiving subject and perceived objects which normally occurs in the world and is wrongly thought to be real this also corresponds to the yogacara definition that emptiness sunyata is the absence of this imaginary split topic harmonization of the various terms and meanings during the development of Mahayana Buddhism the various strands of thought on body were continuously being elaborated attempts were made to harmonize the various terms the Buddhist commentator buddha gaya treats various terms as synonyms for example he defines emptiness sunyata as such nostalgia and says that such mnestheus vibhava of the mind which is enlightenment bodhichitta moreover he frequently uses the term suchness tatata and suchness awareness tatata jnaana interchangeably but since awareness jay nana is non dual suchness awareness is not so much the awareness of such nests but the awareness which is such nests in other words the term suchness awareness is functionally equivalent to enlightenment finally it must not be forgotten that this suchness awareness or perfect enlightenment is Mahavira kana the primal buddha uncreated and forever existent in other words the mind in its intrinsic nature is Mahavira kana whom one becomes or vice-versa when one is perfectly enlightened topic Western understanding of enlightenment in the Western world the concept of enlightenment has taken on a romantic meaning it has become synonymous with self-realization and the true self being regarded as a substantial essence being covered over by social conditioning topic enlightenment as alfc Lauren the use of the Western word enlightenment is based on the supposed resemblance of body with alfc Lauren the independent use of reason to gain insight into the true nature of our world in fact there are more resemblances with romanticism than with the Enlightenment the emphasis on feeling on intuitive insight on a true essence beyond the world of appearances topic awakening the equivalent term awakening has also been used in a Christian context namely the Great Awakenings several periods of religious revival in American religious history historians and theologians identify three or four waves of increased religious enthusiasm occurring between the early 18th century in the late 19th century each of these Great Awakenings was characterized by widespread revivals led by Evangelical Protestant ministers a sharp increase of interest in religion a profound sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected an increase in evangelical church membership and the formation of new religious movements and denominations topic enlightenment and experience a common reference in Western culture is the notion of enlightenment experience this notion can be traced back to William James who used the term religious experience in his book the varieties of religious experience Wayne Proudfoot traces the roots of the notion of religious experience further back to the German theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher 1768 to 1834 who argued that religion is based on a feeling of the infinite Slayer Mirka used the notion of religious experience to defend religion against the growing scientific in secular critique it was popularized by the transcendentalist and exported to Asia via missionaries transcendentalism developed as a reaction against 18th century rationalism John Locke's philosophy of sensualism and the predestination ism of New England Calvinism it is fundamentally a variety of diverse sources such as Hindu texts like the Vedas the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita various religions and German idealism it was adopted by many scholars of religion of which William James was the most influential the notion of experience has been criticized Robert shaft points out that experience is a typical Western term which has found its way into Asian religiosity via Western influences the notion of experience introduces a false notion of duality between experience our and experienced whereas the essence of kensho is the realization of the non duality of observer and observed pure experience does not exist all experience is mediated by intellectual and cognitive activity the specific teachings and practices of a specific tradition may even determine what experience someone has which means that this experience is not the proof of the teaching but a result of the teaching a pure consciousness without concepts reached by cleaning the door of perception as per romantic poet William Blake would according to Moore be an overwhelming chaos of sensory input without coherence topic bodied a Saku Muniz Buddhahood is celebrated on body day in sri lanka and japan different days are used for this celebration according to the Theravada tradition in sri lanka secure mooney reached Buddhahood at the full moon in May this is celebrated at where Sequoia the full moon in May as sampled at Vijaya anthe also known as Sam buddha jayan 'they according to the zen tradition the Buddha reached his decisive insight on the 8th of December this is celebrated in Zen monasteries with a very intensive eight-day session of RO hatsue topic see also Buddhist philosophy Buddhism and psychology illumination ISM enlightenment spiritual haiku sub byte ISM wisdom equals equals nodes

the english term enlightenment is the western translation of the abstract noun body sanskrit body pali body the knowledge or wisdom or awakened intellect of a buddha the verbal root budh means to awaken and it is literal meaning is closer to awakening although it is most common usage is in the context of buddhism the term buddha is also used in other indian philosophies and traditions the term enlightenment was popularized in the western world through the 19th century translations of max muller it has the western connotation of a sudden insight into a transcendental truth or reality the term is also being used to translate several other buddhist terms and concepts which are used to denote insight prajna kensho and satori knowledge vidya the blowing out nirvana are disturbing emotions and desires and the subsequent freedom or release v mu t and the attainment of buddhahood as exemplified by gautama buddha what exactly constituted the buddha is awakening is unknown it may probably have involved the knowledge that liberation was attained by the combination of mindfulness and jana applied to the understanding of the arising and ceasing of craving the relation between gianna and insight is a core problem in the study of buddhism and is one of the fundamentals of buddhist practice in the western world the concept of spiritual enlightenment has taken on a romantic meaning it has become synonymous with self realization and the true self and false self being regarded as a substantial essence being covered over by social conditioning topic etymology body sanskrit body awakening perfect knowledge perfect knowledge or wisdom by which a man becomes a buddha buddha or gina gina ara hint victorious quote quote victor the illuminated or enlightened intellect of a buddha or gina it is an abstract noun formed from the verbal root asterisk budh sanskrit butter to awaken to know to wake wake up be awake to recover consciousness after a swoon to observe he would attend to it corresponds to the verbs bhuj rt poly and bowed rt but it become or be aware of perceived learn know understand awake or body 8 sanskrit the feminine sanskrit noun of asterisk budh is budi budi prescient intuition perception point of view topic translation robert s cohen notes that the majority of english books on buddhism used the term enlightenment to translate the term body the rude budh from which both body and buddha had derived means to wake up or to recover consciousness cohen notes that body is not the result of an illumination but of a path of realization or coming to understanding the term enlightenment his event oriented whereas the term awakening his process oriented the western use of the term enlighten has christian roots as in calvin is it is god alone who enlightens our minds to perceive his truths early 19th century body was translated as intelligence the term enlighten was 1st being used in 1835 in an english translation of a french article while the 1st recorded use of the term enlightenment is credited by the oxford english dictionary to the journal of the asiatic society of bengal february 1836 in 1857 the times used the term the enlightened for the buddha in a short article which was reprinted the following year by max moola thereafter the use of the term subsided but reappeared with the publication of max mullahs chips from a german workshop which included a reprint from the times article the book was translated in 1969 into german using the term derelict tt max mahler was an essentialist who believed in a natural religion and saw religion as an inherent capacity of human beings enlightenment was a means to capture natural religious truths as distinguished from mere mythology by the mid 1870s it had become commonplace to call the buddha enlightened and by the end of the 1880s the terms enlightened and enlightenment dominated the english literature topic related terms topic inside topic body body sanskrit pali from the verbal root bud to awaken to understand means literally to have woken up and understood according to johannes broncos tillman vetter and kr norman body was at 1st not specified kr norman it is not at all clear what gaining body means we are accustomed to the translation enlightenment for body but this is misleading it is not clear what the buddha was awakened to or at what particular point the awakening came according to norman body may basically have meant the knowledge that nibbana was attained due to the practice of gianna originally only prashna may have been mentioned and tilghman veda even concludes that originally gianna itself was deemed liberating with the stilling of pleasure of pain in the 4th jhana not the gaining of some perfect wisdom or insight gombrich also had used that the emphasis on insight is a later development in theravada buddhism body refers to the realization of the 4 stages of enlightenment and becoming an era hint in theravada buddhism body is equal to supreme insight and the realization of the 4 noble truths which leads to deliverance according to nyaya novel oka through body one awakens from the slumber or stupa inflicted upon the mind by the defilement scaletta q v and comprehends the 4 noble truths sacca q v this equation of body with the 4 noble truths is a later development in response to developments within indian religious fort where liberating insight was deemed essential for liberation the 4 noble truths is the liberating insight of the buddha eventually was superseded by pradesh assam apart er the 12 fold chain of causation and still later by anatta the emptiness of the self in mahayana buddhism body is equal to pragma insight into the buddha nature sunyata intifada this is equal to the realization of the non duality of absolute and relative you topic prajna in theravada buddhism panna poly means understanding wisdom insight insight is equivalent to vipassana insight into the 3 marks of existence namely chanukah darker in anata insight leads to the 4 stages of enlightenment and nirvana in mahayana buddhism prajna sanskrit means insight or wisdom and entails insight into sun yatta the attainment of this insight is often seen as the attainment of enlightenment topic can show in satori kensho and satori are japanese terms used in zen traditions kensho means seeing into one is true nature can means seeing sho means nature essence c q buddha nature satori japanese is often used interchangeably with ken show but refers to the experience of kensho the rings i tradition sees ken show is essential to the attainment of buddhahood but considers further practice essential to attain buddhahood east asian chinese buddhism emphasizes insight into buddha nature this term is derived from indian tathagatagarbha thought the womb of the thus gone the buddha the inherent potential of every sentient being to become a buddha this idea was integrated with the yogacara idea of the alea vai nana and further developed in chinese buddhism which integrated indian buddhism with native chinese thought buddha nature came to mean both the potential of awakening and the whole of reality a dynamic interpenetration of absolute and relative in this awakening it is realized that observer and observed are not distinct entities but mutually codependent topic knowledge the term video is being used in contrast to a video ignorance or the lack of knowledge which binds us to samsara the maha saki okasada describes the 3 knowledge as which the buddha attained insight into his past lives insight into the workings of karma and reincarnation insight into the 4 noble truths according to bronckhorst the 1st to knowledge azhar later editions while insight into the 4 truths represents a later development in response to concurring religious traditions in which liberating insight came to be stressed over the practice of gianna topic freedom the muti also called moksha means freedom release deliverance sometimes a distinction is being made between set over muti liberation of the mind and pannabai muti liberation by understanding the buddhist tradition recognizes 2 kinds of set over mu t one temporarily in one permanent the last being equivalent to pan over mu t yogacara uses the term as raya power of t revolution of the basis a sudden revulsion turning or returning of the olay irvine anna back into its original state of purity the mind returns to its original condition of non attachment non discrimination and non duality topic nirvana nirvana is the blowing out a disturbing emotions which is the same as liberation the usage of the term enlightenment to translate nirvana was popularized in the 19th century due in part to the efforts of max muller who used the term consistently in his translations topic buddha is awakening topic buddhahood 3 types of buddha are recognized arhat poly r a hint those who reach nirvana by following the teachings of the buddha sometimes the terms rebecca burdo poly servico buddha is used to designate this kind of awakened person pratt i iike buddha is pali pax kabura those who reach nirvana through self realization without the aid of spiritual guides and teachers but do not teach the dharma samyak some buddha pali samma sam buddha often simply referred to as buddha one who has reached nirvana by his own efforts and wisdom and teaches it skillfully to others siddhartha gautama known as the buddha is said to have achieved full awakening known as sam yuksam bodhi sanskrit pali samisen bodhi perfect buddhahood or an address samyak sam bodhi highest perfect awakening the term buddha has acquired somewhat different meanings in the various buddhist traditions an equivalent term for buddha is tathagata the thus gone the way to buddhahood is somewhat differently understood in the various buddhist traditions topic the awakening of the buddha topic canonical accounts in the sada potaka the buddhist canon is preserved in the theravada tradition a couple of texts can be found in which the buddha is attainment of liberation forms part of the narrative theory aparri asana sada may jiminy kaya 26 describes how the buddha was dissatisfied with the teachings of alara kalama and arikara maputo wandered further through magadan country and then found an agreeable piece of ground which served for striving the sutra then only says that he attained nirvana in the vana paths asada may jiminy kaya 17 the buddha describes life in the jungle and the attainment of awakening the maha sake casada may jiminy kaya 36 describes his ascetic practices which he abandoned thereafter he remembered a spontaneous state of jhana and set out for jhana practice both such as narrate how after destroying the disturbances of the mind and attaining concentration of the mind he attained 3 knowledge as vidya insight into his past lives insight into the workings of karma and reincarnation insight into the 4 noble truths insight into the 4 noble truths is here called awakening the monk baku has attained the unattained supreme security from bondage awakening is also described as synonymous with nirvana the extinction of the passions whereby suffering is ended and no more rebirths take place the insight arises that this liberation is certain knowledge arose in me and insight my freedom is certain this is my last birth now there is no rebirth topic critical assessment sh ma those in notes that the mention of the 4 noble truths is constituting liberating insight which is attained after mastering the roopa jonah is is a later addition to text such as meiji money kayo 36 bronckhorst notices that dot the accounts which include the 4 noble truths had a completely different conception of the process of liberation than the one which includes the 4 gianna is and the destruction of the intoxicants it calls in question the reliability of these accounts and the relation between dianna and insight which is a core problem in the study of early buddhism originally the term progeny may have been used which came to be replaced by the 4 truths in those texts where liberating insight was preceded by the 4 jonah is broncos also notices that the conception of what exactly this liberating insight was developed throughout time whereas originally it may not have been specified later on the 4 truths served as such to be superseded by pradesh assam apart er and still later in the hinayana schools by the doctrine of the non existence of a substantial self or person and schmick housing notices that still other descriptions of this liberating insight exist in the buddhist canon that the 5 skandhas are impermanent disagreeable and neither the self nor belonging to oneself the contemplation of the arising and disappearance budhia buyer of the 5 skandhas the realization of the skander is is empty radhika vain to chaka and without any pith or substance a soraka an example of this substitution and its consequences is mei ji money kaya 36 to 42 43 which gives an account of the awakening of the buddha topic understanding of body and buddhahood in buddhism the term body acquired variety of meanings and connotations during the development of buddhist thoughts in the various schools topic early buddhism in early buddhism body carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana using only some different metaphors to describe the insight which implied the extinction of loba greed dosa hate and moher delusion topic theravada in theravada buddhism body and nirvana carry the same meaning that are being freed from greed hate and delusion in theravada buddhism body refers to the realization of the 4 stages of enlightenment and becoming a nara hint in theravada buddhism body is equal to supreme insight the realization of the 4 noble truths which leads to deliverance reaching full awakening is equivalent in meaning to reaching nirvana attaining nirvana is the ultimate goal of theravada and other slovakia traditions it involves the abandonment of the 10 fetters and the cessation of dukkha or suffering full awakening is reached in 4 stages according to nyan at aloka through body one awakens from the slumber or stupa inflicted upon the mind by the defilement scaletta q v and comprehends the 4 noble truths sacker q v since the 1980s western theravada oriented teachers have started to question the primacy of insight according to thany sorrow bhikkhu jhana and vipassana insight form an integrated practice pollock and arbol following scholars like veteran bronckhorst argue that right effort si q the 4 right efforts since restraint preventing the arising of unwholesome states and the generation of wholesome states mindfulness and jana form an integrated practice in which gianna is the actualization of insight leading to an awakened awareness which is nonreactive and lucid topic mahayana in mahayana thought body is the realization of the inseparability of samsara and nirvana and the unity of subject and object it is similar to pragna to realizing the buddha nature realizing sun yatta and realizing suchness in time the buddha is awakening came to be understood as an immediate full awakening and liberation instead of the insight into uncertainty about the way to follow to reach enlightenment however in some zen traditions this perfection came to be relativized again according to one contemporary zen master shakyamuni buddha and body dharma are still practicing mahayana discerns 3 forms of awakened beings arahat liberation for oneself bodhisattva liberation for living beings for buddhahood within the various mahayana schools exist various further explanations and interpretations in mahayana buddhism the bodhisattva is the ideal the ultimate goal is not only of one is own liberation in buddhahood but the liberation of all living beings but mahayana buddhism also developed a cosmology with a wide range of buddhas and bodhisattvas who assist humans on their way to liberation nichiren buddhism regards buddhahood as a state of perfect freedom in which one is awakened to the eternal and ultimate truth that is the reality of all things this supreme state of life is characterized by boundless wisdom and infinite compassion the lotus sutra reveals that buddhahood is a potential in the lives of all beings topic buddha nature in the tathagata goober buddha nature doctrines body becomes equivalent to the universal natural and pure state of the mind body is the final goal of a bodhisattva is career body is pure universal and immediate knowledge which extends over all time all universes all beings and elements conditioned and unconditioned it is absolute and identical with reality and thus it is tassadar body is immaculate and non conceptual and that being not an outer object cannot be understood by discursive thought it has neither beginning nor middle nor end and it is indivisible it is non dual ad veeam the only possible way to comprehend it is through samadhi by the yogin according to these doctrines body is always there within one is mind but requires the defilements to be removed this vision is expounded in texts such as the shure anima sutra and the utter are tantra in shingen buddhism the state of body is also seen as naturally inherent in the mind it is the minds natural and pure state where no distinction is being made between a perceiving subject and perceived objects this is also the understanding of body found in yogacara buddhism to achieve this vision of non duality it is necessary to recognize one is own mind it means that you are to know the inherent natural state of the mind by eliminating the split into a perceiving subject and perceived objects which normally occurs in the world and is wrongly thought to be real this also corresponds to the yogacara definition that emptiness sunyata is the absence of this imaginary split topic harmonization of the various terms and meanings during the development of mahayana buddhism the various strands of thought on body were continuously being elaborated attempts were made to harmonize the various terms the buddhist commentator buddha gaya treats various terms as synonyms for example he defines emptiness sunyata as such nostalgia and says that such mnestheus vibhava of the mind which is enlightenment bodhichitta moreover he frequently uses the term suchness tatata and suchness awareness tatata jnaana interchangeably but since awareness jay nana is non dual suchness awareness is not so much the awareness of such nests but the awareness which is such nests in other words the term suchness awareness is functionally equivalent to enlightenment finally it must not be forgotten that this suchness awareness or perfect enlightenment is mahavira kana the primal buddha uncreated and forever existent in other words the mind in its intrinsic nature is mahavira kana whom one becomes or vice versa when one is perfectly enlightened topic western understanding of enlightenment in the western world the concept of enlightenment has taken on a romantic meaning it has become synonymous with self realization and the true self being regarded as a substantial essence being covered over by social conditioning topic enlightenment as alfc lauren the use of the western word enlightenment is based on the supposed resemblance of body with alfc lauren the independent use of reason to gain insight into the true nature of our world in fact there are more resemblances with romanticism than with the enlightenment the emphasis on feeling on intuitive insight on a true essence beyond the world of appearances topic awakening the equivalent term awakening has also been used in a christian context namely the great awakenings several periods of religious revival in american religious history historians and theologians identify 3 or 4 waves of increased religious enthusiasm occurring between the early 18th century in the late 19th century each of these great awakenings was characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical protestant ministers a sharp increase of interest in religion a profound sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected an increase in evangelical church membership and the formation of new religious movements and denominations topic enlightenment and experience a common reference in western culture is the notion of enlightenment experience this notion can be traced back to william james who used the term religious experience in his book the varieties of religious experience wayne proudfoot traces the roots of the notion of religious experience further back to the german theologian friedrich schleiermacher 1768 to 1834 who argued that religion is based on a feeling of the infinite slayer mirka used the notion of religious experience to defend religion against the growing scientific in secular critique it was popularized by the transcendentalist and exported to asia via missionaries transcendentalism developed as a reaction against 18th century rationalism john locke is philosophy of sensualism and the predestination ism of new england calvinism it is fundamentally a variety of diverse sources such as hindu texts like the vedas the upanishads and the bhagavad gita various religions and german idealism it was adopted by many scholars of religion of which william james was the most influential the notion of experience has been criticized robert shaft points out that experience is a typical western term which has found its way into asian religiosity via western influences the notion of experience introduces a false notion of duality between experience our and experienced whereas the essence of kensho is the realization of the non duality of observer and observed pure experience does not exist all experience is mediated by intellectual and cognitive activity the specific teachings and practices of a specific tradition may even determine what experience someone has which means that this experience is not the proof of the teaching but a result of the teaching a pure consciousness without concepts reached by cleaning the door of perception as per romantic poet william blake would according to moore be an overwhelming chaos of sensory input without coherence topic bodied a saku muniz buddhahood is celebrated on body day in sri lanka and japan different days are used for this celebration according to the theravada tradition in sri lanka secure mooney reached buddhahood at the full moon in may this is celebrated at where sequoia the full moon in may as sampled at vijaya anthe also known as sam buddha jayan they according to the zen tradition the buddha reached his decisive insight on the 8th of december this is celebrated in zen monasteries with a very intensive 8 day session of ro hatsue topic see also buddhist philosophy buddhism and psychology illumination ism enlightenment spiritual haiku sub byte ism wisdom equals equals nodes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwNk1hAq-OU

Welcome to our Channel don't forget to subscribe and put likes because your support is important for us and here we go as per recent reports the most recent iteration of Israel's A3 air defense missile system has effectively intercepted at least one ballistic missile flying over aot in southern Israel initial indications point to the missile being launched by the houthi terrorist faction from Western Yemen the Israeli Defense Forces IDF successfully thwarted the trajectory of a ballistic missile over aot a renowned tourist ination in southern Israel this achievement was made possible by the latest version of Israel's domestically produced Aero a defense missile system showcasing a significant advancement in Israel's ability to defend against Airborne threats the missile suspected to originate from the houthi terrorist group based in Western Yemen represents a notable escalation in the group's aggressive stance towards Israel the houthis entrenched in a prolonged conflict in Yemen seldom Venture into direct attacks on Israeli soil indicating a potential shift in their tactics and The Wider Regional Dynamics the Aero a defense missile system a vital component of Israel's multi-layer defense framework once again demonstrated its efficacy by intercepting the incoming missile averting potential casualties and damage in a densely populated area frequented by locals and tourists developed through collaboration between Israel and the United States this system is engineered to detect and eliminate incoming missiles beyond the Earth's atmosphere providing a crucial Shield against ballistic missile threats following the interception the IDF heightened its state of Readiness implementing additional measures to fortify the country's defense capabilities against potential future assaults the successful interception underscores the Aeros systems Effectiveness and underscores its significance in bolstering Israel's National Security the A3 air defense system represents the Pinnacle of Israeli missile defense technology engineered to intercept and neutralize incoming ballistic missiles beyond the Earth's atmosphere as the latest iteration in the arrow Defense series Arrow 3 boasts Advanced radar detection and interception capabilities enabling precise targeting and elimination of potential threats developed in Partnership between Israel Aerospace Industries IAI and the United States its creation signifies a notable advancement in defensive Technologies aimed at countering evolving missile threats in a landmark development in November 20123 Global recognition of the AO3 systems capabilities was underscored Israel's Ministry of Defense finalized an agreement to sell the AO3 air defense system to Germany this agreement not only signifies a significant milestone in international defense cooperation but also highlights the confidence in AO 3's advanced technology to safeguard nations against emerging Airborne threats the agreement outlined scheduled delivery by 202 showcasing both Nations dedication to enhancing their defense capabilities amid escalating Global Security challenges the A3 systems capability to engage long-range ballistic missiles at high altitudes provides a Strategic Defense layer substantially reducing the risk of collateral damage and enhancing protective measures for populated areas and critical infrastructure coupled with its seamless integration into existing defense networks Arrow 3 emerges as a Cornerstone of contemporary air defense strategies that's all for now see you later

welcome to our channel do not forget to subscribe and put likes because your support is important for us and here we go as per recent reports the most recent iteration of israel is a 3 air defense missile system has effectively intercepted at least one ballistic missile flying over aot in southern israel initial indications point to the missile being launched by the houthi terrorist faction from western yemen the israeli defense forces idf successfully thwarted the trajectory of a ballistic missile over aot a renowned tourist ination in southern israel this achievement was made possible by the latest version of israel is domestically produced aero a defense missile system showcasing a significant advancement in israel is ability to defend against airborne threats the missile suspected to originate from the houthi terrorist group based in western yemen represents a notable escalation in the group is aggressive stance towards israel the houthis entrenched in a prolonged conflict in yemen seldom venture into direct attacks on israeli soil indicating a potential shift in their tactics and the wider regional dynamics the aero a defense missile system a vital component of israel is multi layer defense framework once again demonstrated its efficacy by intercepting the incoming missile averting potential casualties and damage in a densely populated area frequented by locals and tourists developed through collaboration between israel and the united states this system is engineered to detect and eliminate incoming missiles beyond the earth is atmosphere providing a crucial shield against ballistic missile threats following the interception the idf heightened its state of readiness implementing additional measures to fortify the country is defense capabilities against potential future assaults the successful interception underscores the aeros systems effectiveness and underscores its significance in bolstering israel is national security the a 3 air defense system represents the pinnacle of israeli missile defense technology engineered to intercept and neutralize incoming ballistic missiles beyond the earth is atmosphere as the latest iteration in the arrow defense series arrow 3 boasts advanced radar detection and interception capabilities enabling precise targeting and elimination of potential threats developed in partnership between israel aerospace industries iai and the united states its creation signifies a notable advancement in defensive technologies aimed at countering evolving missile threats in a landmark development in november 20123 global recognition of the ao 3 systems capabilities was underscored israel is ministry of defense finalized an agreement to sell the ao 3 air defense system to germany this agreement not only signifies a significant milestone in international defense cooperation but also highlights the confidence in ao 3 is advanced technology to safeguard nations against emerging airborne threats the agreement outlined scheduled delivery by 202 showcasing both nations dedication to enhancing their defense capabilities amid escalating global security challenges the a 3 systems capability to engage long range ballistic missiles at high altitudes provides a strategic defense layer substantially reducing the risk of collateral damage and enhancing protective measures for populated areas and critical infrastructure coupled with its seamless integration into existing defense networks arrow 3 emerges as a cornerstone of contemporary air defense strategies that is all for now see you later

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StZEetM-BKg

what's happening brooklyn how y'all feel man man man man i'm a connoisseur man i love restaurants man but some restaurants man just ain't you know they they not hitting it man like you ever been a restaurant where you had to go back and change your order you've been arrested you ever done that i went into one man a whole lot of celebrities was in that man and they told me man the restaurant was owned by zell right and i didn't know who he was talking about zell what do you mean zell right come to find out that denzel washington on the place man i said with denzel washington on this place [ __ ] man if denzel owned this place man tell denzel to get out of here now cause my order messed up he came at me not like the nice denzel he didn't come in like you know john q a malcolm x he came at me wrong like training day came out just like this [Music] [Applause] [Music] um which seems to be the problem the problem is man i didn't get no hot sauce and no mild sauce dawg can you help me out you didn't get any hot social milestones says what you telling me huh that's what you're telling me you're getting no hot sauce in mind sauce [Applause] i tell you what let's see what's in the bag oh [ __ ] my [ __ ] uh-huh you got six pieces of wings you got fries you got bread you got cold frogs you don't have no hot sausage all right i'm gonna go in the back if the receipt said you're gonna get any hot sauce a mouse saw some guarantee to go into my pocket and pay you back your money my dog yeah that's what i'm gonna do right in another big actor was that i didn't know that was there morgan freeman he came out he gave the old joe clark lean army speech right he can't waltz need to be the problem that's how i go to my office right now somewhat seems to be the problem can't you read the goddamn sign son a goddamn sign said hot sauce and myself what's your meal son are you trying to pull something son i remember you one of them smart college kids used to go back and forth with your history just like you're going right now you want to come in and jump on everybody because your football has been ran in chase piles well that might not be living by the shores hell ain't buying buying us what these folks been doing going on three years buying buying this buying about a thousand buying from us fool i should know cause i'm the one that dropped the grease i'll be back i'm standing right there him and denzel get into an argument i can't i can't this is offend he was like that's alan didn't speak to you about what third time this week denzel somebody came after him that's the sounds bring all the monsters inside mr sam's take the chains at the door denzel well then the partnership denzel right now expeditionary come on denzel pack up and get your stuff out of here right now you want me to leave home you want me to leave just like that you want me to pack up my stuff and lose huh yeah uh-huh i train you see i train you disloyal fool-ass yeah you [ __ ] okay all right uh-huh i'm putting cases on all you managers huh you think you can do this hey yo come back here i got your money you think you can do this to me you managers will be friend chicken and pelican bay when i get finished with you yeah crisco all program brother 23 hour lockdown you will never see the light of day who the [ __ ] do you think i am i'm the one that got this place started you just gave that's right morgan i said i'm the one that got the play style you just got here you just got here uh-huh [ __ ] and chris rock was on the fries he was like god damn i can't believe y'all they got rid of [ __ ] denzel washington i can't believe it bernie can you believe man i don't know what the [ __ ] is wrong with these [ __ ] today they don't lost a [ __ ] mind these [ __ ] want some hot sauce and [ __ ] miles so that's my time razer rez thank you brooklyn new york thank you

what is happening brooklyn how you all feel man man man man i am a connoisseur man i love restaurants man but some restaurants man just aint you know they they not hitting it man like you ever been a restaurant where you had to go back and change your order you have been arrested you ever done that i went into one man a whole lot of celebrities was in that man and they told me man the restaurant was owned by zell right and i did not know who he was talking about zell what do you mean zell right come to find out that denzel washington on the place man i said with denzel washington on this place man if denzel owned this place man tell denzel to get out of here now cause my order messed up he came at me not like the nice denzel he did not come in like you know john q a malcolm x he came at me wrong like training day came out just like this which seems to be the problem the problem is man i did not get no hot sauce and no mild sauce dawg can you help me out you did not get any hot social milestones says what you telling me huh that is what you are telling me you are getting no hot sauce in mind sauce i tell you what let us see what is in the bag 0 my huh you got 6 pieces of wings you got fries you got bread you got cold frogs you do not have no hot sausage all right i am going to go in the back if the receipt said you are going to get any hot sauce a mouse saw some guarantee to go into my pocket and pay you back your money my dog yeah that is what i am going to do right in another big actor was that i did not know that was there morgan freeman he came out he gave the old joe clark lean army speech right he can not waltz need to be the problem that is how i go to my office right now somewhat seems to be the problem can not you read the goddamn sign son a goddamn sign said hot sauce and myself what is your meal son are you trying to pull something son i remember you one of them smart college kids used to go back and forth with your history just like you are going right now you want to come in and jump on everybody because your football has been ran in chase piles well that might not be living by the shores hell aint buying buying us what these folks been doing going on 3 years buying buying this buying about a 1000 buying from us fool i should know cause i am the one that dropped the grease i will be back i am standing right there him and denzel get into an argument i can not i can not this is offend he was like that is alan did not speak to you about what 3rd time this week denzel somebody came after him that is the sounds bring all the monsters inside mister sam is take the chains at the door denzel well then the partnership denzel right now expeditionary come on denzel pack up and get your stuff out of here right now you want me to leave home you want me to leave just like that you want me to pack up my stuff and lose huh yeah huh i train you see i train you disloyal fool ass yeah you okay all right huh i am putting cases on all you managers huh you think you can do this hey yo come back here i got your money you think you can do this to me you managers will be friend chicken and pelican bay when i get finished with you yeah crisco all program brother 23 hour lockdown you will never see the light of day who the do you think i am i am the one that got this place started you just gave that is right morgan i said i am the one that got the play style you just got here you just got here huh and chris rock was on the fries he was like god damn i can not believe you all they got rid of denzel washington i can not believe it bernie can you believe man i do not know what the is wrong with these today they do not lost a mind these want some hot sauce and miles so that is my time razer rez thank you brooklyn new york thank you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHtKFtMYHhc

hello I'm Terry McCann and I'm here to tell you about my business and what I do I work with businesses and organizations concerned about waste scrapped rework miss delivery deadlines and other painful stuff any and all of these add to the cost of poor quality generate unhappiness and customers resulting in a lack of return or repeat customers often in tandem with low staff morale all of this poses a threat to the profitability of a business even a non-profit service organization will find its success criteria challenged by these things as well as its ability to operate within a defined budget so what do I offer applying tried and trusted quality management principles from lean and Six Sigma I help clients simplify clarify and control I work with management and staff of businesses and service organizations to identify pain points and then review improve and formalize business and operational processes to be more efficient and particularly more effective in reliably satisfying and exceeding customer expectations of quality for products and services we don't just look at processes in isolation but as cross-functional teams using the plan do check act methodology we ensure that processes integrate end-to-end and loop back to ensure customer expectations are satisfied and exceeded in a manner that assures both happy business owners and managers and staff who are proud of their work your organization may consider whether to accomplish this by implementing the ISO 9001 international standard something which I can help you do coming from an IT career in software design and development that spans more than two decades and a couple of continents I have eight years of experience with product and process quality and compliance to international standards with medical devices at GE healthcare taking this training knowledge and experience I started my own consultancy to improve efficiency and effectiveness in quality and compliance at the beginning of 2014 TC MC quality management services if you have any of the pain points described in this video or any other concerns with cost of bad quality why don't we have a conversation shoot me an email at terry dot mccann at TC MC dash Q mcsa Terry McCann at TC MC dash Q mcsa

hello i am terry mccann and i am here to tell you about my business and what i do i work with businesses and organizations concerned about waste scrapped rework miss delivery deadlines and other painful stuff any and all of these add to the cost of poor quality generate unhappiness and customers resulting in a lack of return or repeat customers often in tandem with low staff morale all of this poses a threat to the profitability of a business even a non profit service organization will find its success criteria challenged by these things as well as its ability to operate within a defined budget so what do i offer applying tried and trusted quality management principles from lean and 6 sigma i help clients simplify clarify and control i work with management and staff of businesses and service organizations to identify pain points and then review improve and formalize business and operational processes to be more efficient and particularly more effective in reliably satisfying and exceeding customer expectations of quality for products and services we do not just look at processes in isolation but as cross functional teams using the plan do check act methodology we ensure that processes integrate end to end and loop back to ensure customer expectations are satisfied and exceeded in a manner that assures both happy business owners and managers and staff who are proud of their work your organization may consider whether to accomplish this by implementing the iso 9001 international standard something which i can help you do coming from an it career in software design and development that spans more than 2 decades and a couple of continents i have 8 years of experience with product and process quality and compliance to international standards with medical devices at ge healthcare taking this training knowledge and experience i started my own consultancy to improve efficiency and effectiveness in quality and compliance at the beginning of 2014 tc mc quality management services if you have any of the pain points described in this video or any other concerns with cost of bad quality why do not we have a conversation shoot me an email at terry dot mccann at tc mc dash q mcsa terry mccann at tc mc dash q mcsa

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovHQxK2rm_Q

[Music playing] [Chris Moore] I'm working on an integrated photonics solution for coupling light vertically off of an integrated photonics chip. This is our experimental setup for testing the chip. This summer I'm working in Professor JJ Hu's lab. Right now, I'm testing the chips that we've already fabbed. Before I turn it on, let me put my glasses on. I'm Chris Moore. I come from University of Washington, and I'm a rising senior studying physics and astronomy. So the first step that I'm doing is with the fiber that's bringing my light in. I want to try and visually couple that to my device. Fiber comes along right here, and then it gets bent down over this ridge. This right here is a microscope, and that microscope is feeding to my laptop screen over here. This is the fiber right here coming down. This is one of the devices, and this is actually the reflection of the fiber off of the chip. So the first thing that I'm looking for is I can see sort of a bright spot as I go over the device, and then it goes away, and so I'm trying to get it right in the middle of that. We have two fibers. One of the fibers is coming in from our laser source. For this experiment, instead of using a laser, we're using an SLED. It's a more broadband light source. I'm bringing the fiber closer. I wanted it to be far off, so that it was easier to find the light, but now I want to get to an optimal offset from my chip. Now I'm trying to couple the light that's going into the chip back vertically out the chip into the second fiber. And so, this is the overall intensity that I'm seeing, and then this is my fiber, and I try to align it over the device that I think is sending the light out. Now I've moved the second fiber over to this second set of couplers so that I can couple the light out, and then I will measure the overall intensity that I can get through coupling, and compare that with just the raw power that's coming out of the laser, and be able to prepare those two numbers to get an efficiency for each of these devices, and that will allow us to better know how to design the devices in the future.

i am working on an integrated photonics solution for coupling light vertically off of an integrated photonics chip this is our experimental setup for testing the chip this summer i am working in professor jj hu is lab right now i am testing the chips that we have already fabbed before i turn it on let me put my glasses on i am chris moore i come from university of washington and i am a rising senior studying physics and astronomy so the 1st step that i am doing is with the fiber that is bringing my light in i want to try and visually couple that to my device fiber comes along right here and then it gets bent down over this ridge this right here is a microscope and that microscope is feeding to my laptop screen over here this is the fiber right here coming down this is one of the devices and this is actually the reflection of the fiber off of the chip so the 1st thing that i am looking for is i can see sort of a bright spot as i go over the device and then it goes away and so i am trying to get it right in the middle of that we have 2 fibers one of the fibers is coming in from our laser source for this experiment instead of using a laser we are using an sled it is a more broadband light source i am bringing the fiber closer i wanted it to be far off so that it was easier to find the light but now i want to get to an optimal offset from my chip now i am trying to couple the light that is going into the chip back vertically out the chip into the 2nd fiber and so this is the overall intensity that i am seeing and then this is my fiber and i try to align it over the device that i think is sending the light out now i have moved the 2nd fiber over to this 2nd set of couplers so that i can couple the light out and then i will measure the overall intensity that i can get through coupling and compare that with just the raw power that is coming out of the laser and be able to prepare those 2 numbers to get an efficiency for each of these devices and that will allow us to better know how to design the devices in the future

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_MpB7AXMJM

there that workshop the perfect place for our catapults an army of wooden giants to bring down the walls those franks what are they doing ah they slay another of their own today for what who can say if a man prays to the wrong god sleeps with the wrong woman follows the wrong king by frankish law that man dies among the saxons it is much the same i but the saxons are fewer they are divided and they fight both us and the celts these franks though united under a great king it would be like unleashing feminine the wolf upon the world we are god's priests and we are good but if dow do dot which is evil fear for we bear f not the sword in vain who are those two i've seen that warrior priests with kondodu before gosling and evils warriors and brothers one leads the priests of pass the other the frankish armies for we are god's priests avengers to execute throughout upon him that do with evil wherefore he must you talk to him come on let us go take that workshop now quite a show they put on we'll have to fight those franks soon true but today is not that day my men are ready come let's take some ground for the catapults i would never give my warriors shameful death like that nor would i but i've met rotten rulers many lands you speak true secret the franks have no monopoly on wickedness almost there now let us travel light and stick to the rooftops they keep watch but not well and the straight lines a perfect place for our catapults to hurl stones upon that cursed town i never took you for a rooftop runner sacred i am no goat-footed climber like you but i hold my own on cliffs and walls the crack of wood and stone is the sound of victory and vengeance best not to draw attention cut you down my god a great victory the gods smiled upon this day indeed this gives us another place where catapults can smash down their walls aval know you the faith of veda ordenson the god of vengeance who fights beside his father in the battle at the end of days yes veda avenges him the twists the great wolf's neck with his bare hands that stabs the beast through the belly so say the lord near days like today i walk in the shoes of either avenging my brother other days there is nothing we will bring those walls down on odo's head and i will avenge my brother it is good we shall meet back in camp when all is ready secret come back so huh let us pray in the worlds of our savior peace i leave with you my peace i give unto you let not your heart be troubled neither let it be afraid a heathen monster bearing weapons on our holy ground a trusted friend good people do not break the peace of our church who can trust a pagan diablo how many have you killed fiend friends remember when the good samaritan saw the beaten man he had compassion and bound his wounds you keep busy someone must stand to those who fall in battle the plague did this not war well i am not yet ready to return to shah if that is what brings you here no i seek a britain who resides in this ward name of norman i know although not without talents to those who can pay they say she can smuggle goods and messages over walls and past cards yes so why do you seek this woman's help better we take the city before it starves we will not harm the communists if i can help it but siegfried the frankieler leads this army not you he inflicts his vengeance upon us town by tao because the franks killed his brother how many nerd men must die so sick fred can avenge one man should his knees die too should you [Music] i cannot stop entire armies only urge reason and truce on all sides i do what i can you did save my life i must take that first step and trust you my good samaritan thank you queen i'm in your debt i mean that so where is this breton alas i do not know she visits from time to time i know i know the way to norwin's hideout please let me show from evor mounds of babes very well but hurry back little bear not so fast little prince this place is not safe nowhere in france here is safe now mother richard says so always said you know where this smuggler works yesterday i went on an adventure and followed her but she saw me and waved i felt silly i've been down this way before thanks bernard get back have fun and let's have another adventure and you my friend just who are you bonjour my boyfriend but i do not have any silver i'm not here to take your silver i have no quarrel with you praise the saints and i thank you for your finance timely blade but i must go no you see i'm a friend of richardness queen of frankie and i am married to the pope long may he reign they say you walk through the city's walls i need your help i am no ghost just a simple bout from brittany that has lost her way look you're a smartlav all of paris knows it even the boy princed us i need your help and if i know a thing or two about all that what is it worth to you my friend toka wants her necklace back does i know there is her train friend tell her to find me a knot when this is our lover token she'll hear your words all is well so what you need northerner i seek a weakness in these walls is there a hidden tunnel a secret door something like that no no not so simple the frank sees the city well but take this key it will open the bridge door the bridge i can reach the bridge from outside but i could use the way to take it down a little silver birdie told me that the bridges foundations are in dire shape i see and if we can take that bridge down the long ships can encircle the city you did not hear this from me farewell [Music] uh i must be careful now [Music] foreign me what do i want with their suicide mission let's see how well they hold the city without their precious bridge bastards there the trap is set for the siege of the island better return to the others we fight for the warrior beside us nothing else not gold not glory true battle force out strong you we're a secret in talker ah battle must be near the crow has come for the feast you have a clever ton friend but tomorrow we all speak in a language older than words fate already knows who lives and who dies again i ask where are the others fetching more catapults for tomorrow's attack you can wait i shall wait somewhere else drunk far from home before another city of strangers when did our lives become a sagan yes i know the day the very day when mother and father died count odor will not hear reason charles plays games i cannot trust the lives of my people as such men the queen now she i could trust but she lacks power my place is here a secret and talker come with me evor you return that means all is ready and we cannot turn back now why do you worry you will collect more swords i know how to fight other warriors on the field of battle this is a city there will be flames it matters not tomorrow we will fight as warriors not ruthless killers thus i swear upon my honor ah ava the talker and to whom have you so freely given your word about how my battle goes i said it the gods heard it that is enough and if i say we burn this city to ashes and feed the crows with children what say you if you truly would say such a thing who am i to heed your words but i thought you were better man than this good keep that fire burning through the night it shall kindle our vengeance at the break of dawn time to go lie on my furs how do you do that evor sleepy for a battle i mean easy i remember my mother's murder each moment second i recall every word the all father ever said to me and finally a thing upon this war-filled world and of the next the hall of endless wonder only then do i rest ah hush do not fret my faithful friend it is a great honor to be sacrificed as odin steve

there that workshop the perfect place for our catapults an army of wooden giants to bring down the walls those franks what are they doing ah they slay another of their own today for what who can say if a man prays to the wrong god sleeps with the wrong woman follows the wrong king by frankish law that man dies among the saxons it is much the same i but the saxons are fewer they are divided and they fight both us and the celts these franks though united under a great king it would be like unleashing feminine the wolf upon the world we are god is priests and we are good but if dow do dot which is evil fear for we bear f not the sword in vain who are those 2 i have seen that warrior priests with kondodu before gosling and evils warriors and brothers one leads the priests of pass the other the frankish armies for we are god is priests avengers to execute throughout upon him that do with evil wherefore he must you talk to him come on let us go take that workshop now quite a show they put on we will have to fight those franks soon true but today is not that day my men are ready come let us take some ground for the catapults i would never give my warriors shameful death like that nor would i but i have met rotten rulers many lands you speak true secret the franks have no monopoly on wickedness almost there now let us travel light and stick to the rooftops they keep watch but not well and the straight lines a perfect place for our catapults to hurl stones upon that cursed town i never took you for a rooftop runner sacred i am no goat footed climber like you but i hold my own on cliffs and walls the crack of wood and stone is the sound of victory and vengeance best not to draw attention cut you down my god a great victory the gods smiled upon this day indeed this gives us another place where catapults can smash down their walls aval know you the faith of veda ordenson the god of vengeance who fights beside his father in the battle at the end of days yes veda avenges him the twists the great wolf is neck with his bare hands that stabs the beast through the belly so say the lord near days like today i walk in the shoes of either avenging my brother other days there is nothing we will bring those walls down on odo is head and i will avenge my brother it is good we shall meet back in camp when all is ready secret come back so huh let us pray in the worlds of our savior peace i leave with you my peace i give unto you let not your heart be troubled neither let it be afraid a heathen monster bearing weapons on our holy ground a trusted friend good people do not break the peace of our church who can trust a pagan diablo how many have you killed fiend friends remember when the good samaritan saw the beaten man he had compassion and bound his wounds you keep busy someone must stand to those who fall in battle the plague did this not war well i am not yet ready to return to shah if that is what brings you here no i seek a britain who resides in this ward name of norman i know although not without talents to those who can pay they say she can smuggle goods and messages over walls and past cards yes so why do you seek this woman is help better we take the city before it starves we will not harm the communists if i can help it but siegfried the frankieler leads this army not you he inflicts his vengeance upon us town by tao because the franks killed his brother how many nerd men must die so sick fred can avenge one man should his knees die too should you i cannot stop entire armies only urge reason and truce on all sides i do what i can you did save my life i must take that 1st step and trust you my good samaritan thank you queen i am in your debt i mean that so where is this breton alas i do not know she visits from time to time i know i know the way to norwin is hideout please let me show from evor mounds of babes very well but hurry back little bear not so fast little prince this place is not safe nowhere in france here is safe now mother richard says so always said you know where this smuggler works yesterday i went on an adventure and followed her but she saw me and waved i felt silly i have been down this way before thanks bernard get back have fun and let us have another adventure and you my friend just who are you bonjour my boyfriend but i do not have any silver i am not here to take your silver i have no quarrel with you praise the saints and i thank you for your finance timely blade but i must go no you see i am a friend of richardness queen of frankie and i am married to the pope long may he reign they say you walk through the city is walls i need your help i am no ghost just a simple bout from brittany that has lost her way look you are a smartlav all of paris knows it even the boy princed us i need your help and if i know a thing or 2 about all that what is it worth to you my friend toka wants her necklace back does i know there is her train friend tell her to find me a knot when this is our lover token she will hear your words all is well so what you need northerner i seek a weakness in these walls is there a hidden tunnel a secret door something like that no no not so simple the frank sees the city well but take this key it will open the bridge door the bridge i can reach the bridge from outside but i could use the way to take it down a little silver birdie told me that the bridges foundations are in dire shape i see and if we can take that bridge down the long ships can encircle the city you did not hear this from me farewell i must be careful now foreign me what do i want with their suicide mission let us see how well they hold the city without their precious bridge bastards there the trap is set for the siege of the island better return to the others we fight for the warrior beside us nothing else not gold not glory true battle force out strong you we are a secret in talker ah battle must be near the crow has come for the feast you have a clever ton friend but tomorrow we all speak in a language older than words fate already knows who lives and who dies again i ask where are the others fetching more catapults for tomorrow is attack you can wait i shall wait somewhere else drunk far from home before another city of strangers when did our lives become a sagan yes i know the day the very day when mother and father died count odor will not hear reason charles plays games i cannot trust the lives of my people as such men the queen now she i could trust but she lacks power my place is here a secret and talker come with me evor you return that means all is ready and we cannot turn back now why do you worry you will collect more swords i know how to fight other warriors on the field of battle this is a city there will be flames it matters not tomorrow we will fight as warriors not ruthless killers thus i swear upon my honor ah ava the talker and to whom have you so freely given your word about how my battle goes i said it the gods heard it that is enough and if i say we burn this city to ashes and feed the crows with children what say you if you truly would say such a thing who am i to heed your words but i thought you were better man than this good keep that fire burning through the night it shall kindle our vengeance at the break of dawn time to go lie on my furs how do you do that evor sleepy for a battle i mean easy i remember my mother is murder each moment 2nd i recall every word the all father ever said to me and finally a thing upon this war filled world and of the next the hall of endless wonder only then do i rest ah hush do not fret my faithful friend it is a great honor to be sacrificed as odin steve

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nCGodnphk4

uh my name is uh Lieutenant Dave Fran it's a d-a-v-i-d-f-o-r-a-n okay and you're right first lieutenant I am the S4 Alpha for headquarters battalion um so when you when you uh started Siri what was your uh impression my initial impression um she just come to us from Okinawa uh Corporal she uh was a hard charger definitely started contributing right away and uh working hard taking over his ammo chief for the uh headquarters Battalion S4 first I did not but as I kind of learned her personality it made more sense if that makes sense so now that she uh fight how do you feel about that uh I think it's pretty good I think it's pretty cool I think uh her strengths is a marine and a CEO uh play into her uh strength as an MMA fighter you know being aggressive hard working uh disciplined I think all those things kind of fit into the MMA Spectrum as well as you know obviously her job as a United States Marine so um now being a marine do you think it's beneficial to be involved in not necessarily Combat Sports but you know just extra extracurricular activities in general I definitely think it's very important for uh to be involved in expert clear activities particularly those of us you know being involved in like sports and exercise uh kind of helps add to the PT part of uh you know the whole marine and uh it definitely is beneficial in our shop uh you know her doing constant workouts and regimens she can really take a lead in PT and everything else what other benefits you think um I I think that uh other benefits include you know it teaches you hardness it teaches you discipline and I think it builds on those traits obviously she already has those traits resonant within her person uh being a marine but I think that you know being an MMA fighter on the side also adds to those and helps her develop those traits independently of the Marine Corps leadership style um I would say her leadership style is very much uh lead from the front uh she definitely takes the lead in uh working hard to you know show others that you can work hard by working hard she is aggressive and it takes a lot of initiative and every day she kind of works towards her goals and keeps kind of pushing the envelope in her Billet and what about her do you think they look up to I think they obviously first and foremost look to her as a leader I think they can look up to her as an example of what an NCO should be hard-working dedicated she cares about her Marines obviously but at the same time she finds the balance between maintaining the discipline of the shop but also being a mentor and kind of lending in the near those Marines when they need it um no she's finally hit her first professional fight where do you think that she can go with this sport here well you know seeing her first two fights uh you know she's very aggressive and she definitely gets at it with her opponents I think she has a bright future in the sport of MMA you know she's hard working and aggressive and she's not afraid to take the fight to her enemy or her opponent and uh what way would uh would you say she motivates the Marines around here I think she motivates the Marine Corps the Marines around she kind of has a fire and she kind of likes a fire under the Marines around her and uh I think that's that's exactly what we look for and uh someone you know in her position they would think about after the day that person didn't take away um I think they'd see her uh her dedication to the Marine Corps and I think they'd also you know see her as a person of uh you know many different talents and uh kind of has a oh very well-rounded uh intelligent person a brief summary of type questions person she is not necessarily just a marine but in general um I I think as a whole person she she's a very well-rounded person uh she's you know worked and obtained a degree in academics um she volunteers she fights she's an excellent Marine in NCL so I I think overall as a person she develops herself in many different areas which lends to her performance uh you know as an MMA fighter but also especially as in a performance as a marine I think she has a wide perspective on a range of a variety of things and that makes her a very well-rounded NCO and a very well-rounded Marine

my name is lieutenant dave fran it is a d a v i d f 0 r a n okay and you are right 1st lieutenant i am the s 4 alpha for headquarters battalion so when you when you started siri what was your impression my initial impression she just come to us from okinawa corporal she was a hard charger definitely started contributing right away and working hard taking over his ammo chief for the headquarters battalion s 41st i did not but as i kind of learned her personality it made more sense if that makes sense so now that she fight how do you feel about that i think it is pretty good i think it is pretty cool i think her strengths is a marine and a ceo play into her strength as an mma fighter you know being aggressive hard working disciplined i think all those things kind of fit into the mma spectrum as well as you know obviously her job as a united states marine so now being a marine do you think it is beneficial to be involved in not necessarily combat sports but you know just extra extracurricular activities in general i definitely think it is very important for to be involved in expert clear activities particularly those of us you know being involved in like sports and exercise kind of helps add to the pt part of you know the whole marine and it definitely is beneficial in our shop you know her doing constant workouts and regimens she can really take a lead in pt and everything else what other benefits you think i i think that other benefits include you know it teaches you hardness it teaches you discipline and i think it builds on those traits obviously she already has those traits resonant within her person being a marine but i think that you know being an mma fighter on the side also adds to those and helps her develop those traits independently of the marine corps leadership style i would say her leadership style is very much lead from the front she definitely takes the lead in working hard to you know show others that you can work hard by working hard she is aggressive and it takes a lot of initiative and every day she kind of works towards her goals and keeps kind of pushing the envelope in her billet and what about her do you think they look up to i think they obviously 1st and foremost look to her as a leader i think they can look up to her as an example of what an nco should be hard working dedicated she cares about her marines obviously but at the same time she finds the balance between maintaining the discipline of the shop but also being a mentor and kind of lending in the near those marines when they need it no she is finally hit her 1st professional fight where do you think that she can go with this sport here well you know seeing her 1st 2 fights you know she is very aggressive and she definitely gets at it with her opponents i think she has a bright future in the sport of mma you know she is hard working and aggressive and she is not afraid to take the fight to her enemy or her opponent and what way would would you say she motivates the marines around here i think she motivates the marine corps the marines around she kind of has a fire and she kind of likes a fire under the marines around her and i think that is that is exactly what we look for and someone you know in her position they would think about after the day that person did not take away i think they would see her her dedication to the marine corps and i think they would also you know see her as a person of you know many different talents and kind of has a 0 very well rounded intelligent person a brief summary of type questions person she is not necessarily just a marine but in general i i think as a whole person she she is a very well rounded person she is you know worked and obtained a degree in academics she volunteers she fights she is an excellent marine in ncl so i i think overall as a person she develops herself in many different areas which lends to her performance you know as an mma fighter but also especially as in a performance as a marine i think she has a wide perspective on a range of a variety of things and that makes her a very well rounded nco and a very well rounded marine

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yL_Er9W2ytM

my name is ebenezer i'm welcome yes welcome to this youtube channel on this youtube channel you are going to get videos that will set you up in your work with god and also with your prayer life on this channel you upload videos consistently to make sure that believers are guided to pray and pray and pray if you are new to this youtube channel make sure to subscribe to the youtube channel so that when we upload new videos you can have access to them and also if you don't understand anything kindly send us a message and we will get back to you also make sure that this video you are about to watch you will like the video try and comment on it and when you are blessed by the video make sure that i share it to someone thank you say maybe you mean castle the woman approached him seductively she was brush rebellious type never content to stay at home um [Music] [Applause] solely sitting at every corner [Music] take me out yes take me here i'm going on a date with my guy monday you are going on a date tuesday you are going on a date even you have a lunch you have a dinner you have it [Music] [Applause] and we are in a civilized world we are in a civilized world you don't have to worry can i give you a peg or something rolling free won't be sunny martial five yeah [Music] okay no also [Music] and i see the danger in fornication i see the danger [Music] you are the one i was looking for i came out to find you and here you are my bed is spread with beautiful blankets with colored sheets of egyptian linings [Music] let's drink our field of love until morning let's enjoy each other's careers [Music] you want to take pastas into depression there are some people who are who have an agenda to take pastors into depression you know what you did wouldn't neem the away you are totally a waste of time you think when you're on a phone for my husband is not home he's away on a long [Music] [Applause] and it is happening in the body of christ what is wrong with us so happen but they see nobody being any bribing my husband is not at home now [Music] he has taken a wallet full of money with him and won't return until later this month that is so she said deal with her pretty speech and entice him with her flattery be careful say my friend from what all hours don't because after that no on yourself in the front leading entire floor drop like an us going to the slaughter he was like a star caught in a trap so what didn't it eat his abdomen a weight in the arrow that would pierce his heart he was like a bed flying into a snail little knowing it would cost him his life embrace [Music] into open babies not knowing it will cost him his life so listen to me my sons and pay attention to my words remember [Music] don't let your heart stray away toward her don't wander down her wayward path verse 26 for she has been the ruin of many and many men have been her victims probably bad news [Music] i hope you enjoyed this video and i believe that you are blessed if um you were blessed by this video make sure that you click on the share button and share to a friend and also make sure that you like the video so that youtube can recommend this video to other people that they can also be blessed by the message if you have any question please make sure that you contact us and we'll get back to you and also if you are watching this video and you don't know jesus christ ask your lord and personal savior i wanted to make that decision just contact us in the description call us and let us lead you to receive jesus christ ask your lord and personal savior and lastly make sure that you subscribe to the channel and turn on that notification bell icon turn it on so that when new videos are uploaded you can be notified thank you so much and see you in our next video empire section bye

my name is ebenezer i am welcome yes welcome to this youtube channel on this youtube channel you are going to get videos that will set you up in your work with god and also with your prayer life on this channel you upload videos consistently to make sure that believers are guided to pray and pray and pray if you are new to this youtube channel make sure to subscribe to the youtube channel so that when we upload new videos you can have access to them and also if you do not understand anything kindly send us a message and we will get back to you also make sure that this video you are about to watch you will like the video try and comment on it and when you are blessed by the video make sure that i share it to someone thank you say maybe you mean castle the woman approached him seductively she was brush rebellious type never content to stay at home solely sitting at every corner take me out yes take me here i am going on a date with my guy monday you are going on a date tuesday you are going on a date even you have a lunch you have a dinner you have it and we are in a civilized world we are in a civilized world you do not have to worry can i give you a peg or something rolling free will not be sunny martial 5 yeah okay no also and i see the danger in fornication i see the danger you are the one i was looking for i came out to find you and here you are my bed is spread with beautiful blankets with colored sheets of egyptian linings let us drink our field of love until morning let us enjoy each other is careers you want to take pastas into depression there are some people who are who have an agenda to take pastors into depression you know what you did would not neem the away you are totally a waste of time you think when you are on a phone for my husband is not home he is away on a long and it is happening in the body of christ what is wrong with us so happen but they see nobody being any bribing my husband is not at home now he has taken a wallet full of money with him and will not return until later this month that is so she said deal with her pretty speech and entice him with her flattery be careful say my friend from what all hours do not because after that no on yourself in the front leading entire floor drop like an us going to the slaughter he was like a star caught in a trap so what did not it eat his abdomen a weight in the arrow that would pierce his heart he was like a bed flying into a snail little knowing it would cost him his life embrace into open babies not knowing it will cost him his life so listen to me my sons and pay attention to my words remember do not let your heart stray away toward her do not wander down her wayward path verse 26 for she has been the ruin of many and many men have been her victims probably bad news i hope you enjoyed this video and i believe that you are blessed if you were blessed by this video make sure that you click on the share button and share to a friend and also make sure that you like the video so that youtube can recommend this video to other people that they can also be blessed by the message if you have any question please make sure that you contact us and we will get back to you and also if you are watching this video and you do not know jesus christ ask your lord and personal savior i wanted to make that decision just contact us in the description call us and let us lead you to receive jesus christ ask your lord and personal savior and lastly make sure that you subscribe to the channel and turn on that notification bell icon turn it on so that when new videos are uploaded you can be notified thank you so much and see you in our next video empire section bye

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xly6FZoDOFg

it's a real revolution in terms of investment banking and finance in general we'll unfortunately see the consequences of a lack of control of anarchy there will be scams there will be plenty of people who run around and defraud people because they know they can't I think this is going to be one of the great fun challenges to explore if we can accomplish that by 2030 I think that the cryptocurrencies that we'll have become the greatest innovation of the last five hundred to a thousand years [Music] [Applause] [Music] hi I'm Charles Hodgkinson chief executive officer of input-output Hong Kong we're a cryptocurrency company and a research firm that specializes in the science of cryptocurrencies so I first became interested in crypto currencies in 2011 I read a wonderful white paper written by Satoshi Nakamoto and I had known about peer-to-peer technology for quite some time for example I knew about the BitTorrent protocol and Napster and these types of things and I noticed the evolution of the technology so it was really interesting as a as a paper really interesting as an idea but I really didn't think that it was a sustainable market I said oh well we have these imaginary tokens who's going to buy them will they ever achieve liquidity and even if they do that the government will shut it all down so I didn't take it too seriously until about two years later right around 2013 or and I noticed that despite the fact that the system had taken many hits and scandals and other issues that it exhibited a tremendous amount of resiliency and then from there I said boy it would be really interesting for me to do something in this space but I didn't know anybody so I remembered an old adage one of my my professor said which is those who cannot do teach so I created a free class on udemy called Bitcoin how I learned to stop worrying and love crypto because I'm big Peter Sellers fan and so I kind of named it as a spoof on dr. Strangelove and I just created a bunch of free lectures I released him as a Creative Commons license that I expected maybe a few hundred people take the class well it turned out I got over 70 thousand students for the course and I got over five thousand emails in the first year that I hosted it and I answered every single one of them because it was a fun experience so I got to meet everybody and got to learn a huge amount the venture I'm usually most known for is etherium which I started shortly after sitting up Invictus innovations with fatality uterine and several other people so to understand aetherium you have to understand Bitcoin and what problem Bitcoin solve so Bitcoin is all about saying can I create a money system where Alice and Bob can transact with each other and at Restless way and with a decentralized database recording all those transactions so in other words when alice sends that transaction it gets recorded in some magic ledger in the sky like a giant spreadsheet in the sky that once it's in there it can never go out its tamper resistant and it's immutable and it's time stamped and auditable so that's a wonderful concept and that alone with the notion of digital scarcity allowed a currency to form but the minute that you have a currency people immediately start saying well what else can I do with it is it just the ability to move value between Alice or Bob what about the story behind that value the metadata the context of contractual relationship for example what if Alice says I'll mow your lawn if if you pay me a hundred dollars well that's a contract so what if Alice mows the lawn and Bob doesn't pay her that can't be reflected in a system like Bitcoin so what we wanted to do is add a programming language to a blockchain so that these bespoke custom transactions could be coded much the same way someone would write JavaScript in a web browser and that in turn would allow people to have any type of financial relationship that they wanted to have very simple relationships to arbitrarily complex relationships so this was kind of the naive notion that we had in 2013 for for a theorem is can we add a programming language to a blockchain so that we can on that then allow people to facilitate more complex commerce known as smart contracts the best projects are frustration so most of the people who started aetherium they didn't start and say hey we're just gonna go build some magic new blockchain and it's gonna have all these capabilities and they did this in a clean room in a very academic way they all started working on other projects for example Jeff was working on master coin vitalik was working on color coins I'd been working on bitshares and each and every one of us had the same scenario where there was something we wanted to do but the nature of blockchain technology or the nature of law hands had already been deployed but very difficult and time-consuming and expensive to do these very simple things so we had to say there must be a better way so what what occurred was that vitalik started aggregating really good ideas ideas that he learned from Circular learn her ideas that he learned while working on color coins and master coin and kind of stitched them all together into an initial white paper then like all open source projects that attracts attention if it's a good idea and so we started appearing out of the ether and discovering hey this is an interesting thing I'd like to help and collaborate and then somewhere along the way we decided that it was a good idea for everybody to meet each other so really the turning point between this is a discussion about a cool thing we could do to something that we actually wanted to devote time money and effort to was in January of 2014 we most of the etherium founders met up in a beach house in Miami for the North American Bitcoin conference it was a wonderful trip and we had an opportunity really seriously discussed not only the technology and what it would require but also the philosophy what are we actually trying to do now from that we had reach an internal consensus that this is something we'd like to pursue but you can't just build a product in isolation you have to actually go show it off and see if anybody cares so we thought we were all crazy you know we'd show the world this yeah we don't care about this stuff and no there'd be no interest and we just all go home and go do something else maybe start a bakery in Hawaii or something so what we did is we we went to the conference we did some presentations Vitalik presented at the conference and i did a debate with dan Larimer and david johnston david represented master coin dan represented bitshares and i represented aetherium and we we got almost like a makea esque rock star reception to our presentation fatale for example right after he presented was mobbed by people and it took nearly an hour to pull him out of that circle of people who had questions so we realized that we had something very very special the problem is then now we we have momentum we have something special we have a group of people that are willing to do it you very naturally go to the next question which is how do you do it where do we do it you know how do we execute and that was the the hard part the the devil in the details behind aetherium that's a long story but I'll try to make it concise so after Miami we took a vote and we tried to decide whether we were crypto Mozilla or we were going to be crypto Google and these kind of bet two different things so crypto Mozilla is saying let's do a not-for-profit organisation Mozilla is the maintainer of Firefox and projects like that crypto Google is a great patron of open-source software but ultimately it's a for-profit business so these are very different models and they have different notions of how these things ought to operate so we took a vote and initially the vote was eight to zero for all the founders said crypto Google is the way to go so I went to Switzerland and we started examining how one would set up a for-profit venture that would build a protocol and launch the protocol through a not-for-profit foundation so I lived in zhuge for several months we got tax rulings and did very complicated work all in German which was quite fun I ate a lot of pretzels and gained a lot of weight but you know that's how these things always operate and then somewhere along the way around June of 2014 we eventually had to make some hard decisions and the decision was made to reverse that move to crypto Mozilla and some people left the project myself included as a consequence of that and the raining people set up a foundation did a crowd sale and moved on so I never thought at that point I'd ever get back into the etherium space I said well you know my time is over I enjoyed the six months I was there I learned a lot I met a lot of interesting people I enjoyed the beautiful vistas of Switzerland so it's time to go do something else with my life so I suppose the easiest way of thinking about an ICO is it's just basically a mechanism a decentralized mechanism for somebody to raise capital it's a very neutral thing it's not a pro thing or a negative thing it's just a gateway that allows capital of flow and so the very first ICO that was done was master coin and the beautiful thing about this mechanism is just how incredibly simple it is so with master coin the founders of that project just listed a a forum post in Bitcoin talk and they said hey we're doing something interesting if you like it since a Bitcoin to the specially formed address that was that and that's basically what occurred and they raised half a million dollars in a month and everybody was just blown away they said wow I can just create a forum post put an address up some text and then suddenly half a million dollars appears so that's the basic notion of it is this idea of saying hey I'm gonna do something here's how you pay me and then using a cryptocurrency as the value transfer mechanism but more broadly in ICO is is has become formalized because there's now a lot of more tools and functionality and interesting things that one can do the first I cos were all kind of meta to the system you had a Bitcoin as the value carrier but all the terms the conditions the liquidity all these things were kind of outside of the system itself so somebody had to go and build master coin and then find a way to issue a token and master coin it was very bespoke time-consuming process it took months now with aetherium what aetherium is a lot of people to do is to find that once it's called the ERC 20 standard and then they can take that ERC 20 contract issue as many tokens as they want and then go ahead and issue a sale people swap ether for ERC 20 or what-have-you so what this is a lot of people to do is it's kind of democratized access to this new fundraising mechanism it's a lot of thousands of people to raise billions of dollars all throughout the world without actually having to physically meet the people that they're raising money from and in some cases not even knowing who they're raising money from because it's being done over the internet through these types of payment systems so it's an incredibly interesting mechanism it's like crowdfunding on steroids it's not an entirely new concept we've had things like IndieGoGo and Kickstarter for years the Princes that now IndieGoGo and Kickstarter have been disintermediated and also that the payment system itself no longer goes through the standard financial system so banks and financial intermediaries are not involved it's now a direct peer-to-peer payment system between people so this obviously causes a lot of regulatory questions about how this model is going to survive thrive and stay within compliance given that the legacy system never imagined that such a system like this could exist first the magic of AI cos is that they have now made everybody equal in terms of their ability to raise money there's never been a time in human history where we've had this power so you know ordinary days if you wanted to be an entrepreneur get venture capital you have to go where the money lives so that's New York that's Silicon Valley that's London Beijing Tokyo there are certain cities where that kind of value aggregates and the people who dispense it aggregate so you go and come up with your great idea and go on the road and go live somewhere well for a certain group of people that's a perfectly fine proposition the young and the affluent or those who are in a position to take a risk but let's say that you have a brilliant idea maybe you want to run a decentralized grid perhaps you're in Haiti or in Puerto Rico or somewhere and you've just had everything destroyed by a hurricane and you say instead of rebuilding an old stupid grid let's build a really good grid and maybe with solar or something like that have the people on it well that may be a wonderful idea you might have a great business model there might be a lot of passion behind that but the issue is you have no access to capital so your only option is to either fly capital to you which seldom occurs it's luck usually or you have to leave and then find a way to somehow bring that back home and build relationships so people in the developing world are people outside of these zones have historically always been at a disadvantage what the ICO does is say your geography no longer matters many icos have been done from very small countries like Barbados the Cayman Islands Switzerland and so forth and have been able to raise money on par with what you would expect from Silicon Valley and from New York and these other large capital hubs that's a very powerful very prominent very amazing thing but with great power does come potentially great problems some of these offerings could be construed to be securities offerings especially where these offerings require centralization for the end product to work or they have no product that they're selling and they're using it to finance the construction of the project so as a consequence it's very unclear about how legacy laws will fit into this new fundraising model and also unclear about what jurisdictions ought to take precedent normally when one raises money they raise money in a particular place let's say California then you would say as an entrepreneur I have to keep the state of California happy and I have to keep the US government happy those are the two constituencies it's manageable lawyers know how to do this when you do an ICO you could end up raising money from 10,000 people in 200 different jurisdictions in some cases jurisdictions on a Bargo list like North Korea and Iran so in that case how do you actually manage that or do we even know who your customers are if you're not doing know your customer and anti-money laundering compliance so these are some of the great challenges of icos is that while the increased liquidity then they put everybody on equal footing and it's a real revolution in terms of investment banking and finance in general it also introduces the issue that there is a gap of good government is good regulation and good compliance that would allow people to produce a good outcome for these things so anytime there are contracts markets transfer of value and an expectation of return or a potential for fraud and abuse there is universal consensus that there needs to be some notion of governance behind that and recourse in the event that people fail to meet their obligations so the role of the government at least in a Western sense is to be the arbitrator of last resort and creates levels it says ok well for markets that are very efficient work well and are generally not filled with fraud the government does tend to stay out of those markets but for markets where there's just too much temptation there's conflicts of interest agency failures these types of things in those marketplaces the government feels necessary that it has to have some form of a role so this is kind of a contrast between let's say journalism or things involving written content in the financial markets in the first case it's completely unregulated most part can say whatever the heck you want to say in the United States and everybody just finds a way to deal with it whereas in the financial markets they tend to be the most regulated of all markets not because we started that way but because we've had consistent collapses from classes in the 1880s with gold deflation - the Knickerbocker crisis in the turn of the 19th the 20th century - again another crisis and the Great Depression - the crisis of the 1970s the SNL crisis long term capital collapsing you know the dot-com bust the Enron scandal you know you can just keep going down the line and at every single one of these instances usually what occurs is the government says that there was some area that we probably should have been regulating or understand a little bit more about and we now are going to step back for example it and rhonni result in the creation of sarbanes-oxley whereas in 1930s they decided to create glass steagle to separate retail and Investment Banking and both of these were probably pretty good ideas within the context of society so there are two modes of thought on should the government have a role or not one of them says yes the government ought to have a role and that role ought to be very hierarchal meaning the government is the final say of this matter that we should adapt existing regulation to now cover crypto currencies in a way that makes sense whereas there's another group of people who say that due to the nature of this technology and how incredibly transformative it is we're now money can move at the same speed as information at the same speed as an email it's intrinsically global and it's impossible to really know how much people are really making because of this new paradigm that it's going to be very very difficult if not impossible to actually regulate it in a conventional sense as an example if you take a look at how conventional MSB regulation works money service businesses it's not the regulatory agency that acts as the watchdog they actually delegate their eyes and ears to the financial institutions themselves we have a notion of something called suspicious activity report which says if your customer is you the bank or you the exchange are doing business with are doing something that seems a bit suspicious you have a legal obligation to report to the regulatory body on your customer so what does that mean that the regulatory bodies have turned all of the money service businesses into their eyes and ears into their watchdogs and by extension have a pretty good handle on the conduct of everybody using those pipelines but when you move to a cryptocurrency setting there is no longer that third party to file a suspicious activity report and as a consequence the only way that the regulatory body is going to get data on these people is either a finding it themselves or be having people report it self report which which generally doesn't work out so well so when we look at the totality of this problem and the fact that a lot of the tools that regulators traditionally use to maintain control over the markets and a lot of the tools that regulators need to use to maintain order are not present or superseded by cryptocurrencies advancement as well as the very rapid advancement of cryptocurrency technology it does seem to be a Pyrrhic almost Sisyphean effort to to actually regulate the crypto currency markets the way it's done at the legacy system that said if there is no regulation there are no controls it's the Wild West you will unfortunately see the consequences of a lack of control of anarchy there will be scams there will be plenty of people who run around and defraud people because they know they can and they can hide in some jurisdiction so there's kind of a good a bad and an ugly to all of these things my personal opinion is that we need to take a measured hybrid approach there are cases where we probably can institute effective legacy regulation and there are cases where we can use things like self regulatory organizations voluntary standards things like smart contracts to compensate for the fact that these markets are different and also start enforcing best practices and the other point is that if the consumer the market knows that they have to look out for themselves they start making accommodations for that but one final point of caution which is if governments do choose to take too draconian of a measure on crypto currencies this will not stop the market there's never been really a case in human history where there's been a demand for something and the government decides to ban it where all of a sudden people stop using it from prohibition to the war on drugs all of these things we've spent trillions of dollars put many people in jail and yet these black markets continue to grow so if there's utility and demand there will always be away and the problem with crypto currencies is that they're just so darn hard to stop it's as anonymity technology improves as these peer-to-peer protocols become more resilient as they start working their way into mobile devices it's going to become harder and harder to know how much people even make every year unless they self disclose these things so if we look to analogy for example the Hollywoods war on file-sharing and the lack of success that they've had there if regulators do choose to have a very aggressive stance and my belief it's not going to actually protect any consumers it's just going to reduce the overall availability of information and ultimately cause more harm than good I think the biggest risk of icos is not necessarily the specter of government intervention or this idea of is it a scam or not it's more that because of this disintermediation that's occurred by the nature of the technology the people who conduct icos tend not to have a strong of a relationship with the people whom have given them money you know there's an unspoken and sacred bond when you run a business when somebody capitalizes that business gives you money you have a relationship of trust with that person that person had to work really really really hard to get what they have and what they've done is they've taken it voluntarily given it to you and you're gonna go and take that money and hopefully you know build it up make it strong and come back with more of it more value for them if it's a donation that's fine and it but it's the same notion you've taken their money and they want you to go do something maybe build wells in Africa what have you so the issue is when you now no longer know whom you are getting money from there is a tendency to dehumanize these people to say I have no relationship with them I have no obligations to do anything for them I don't have to care about them and if you reads a lot of the terms of sale for the icos that have recently been coming out there using semantics such as this is a donation there is no expectation of return there's no expectation of delivering a product if we take the money and go to the French Riviera and just decide to live an opulent lifestyle for the next five years you can't sue us these types of things now under ordinary circumstances no investor in the world would ever agree to that and ever finance a business that has that kind of prospectus but because of the nature of these markets and the fact that there's going to be liquidity and the initial investor may be able to resell that token to somebody else and recoup their investment regardless of the project ends up being successful it has created a moral hazard and this is something that the community regulators and investors in general need to have a broader discussion about how we're going to overcome this for example there needs to be segregation of capital if capital is raised it needs to be stored somewhere where the people who have raised it don't have immediate access to that capital and there are some sort of controls over that second there needs to be a better relationship between the buyer of the token and the person delivering in the project now it's not completely unfair to to say that this lack of relationship is solely because of the negligence of the person issuing the ICO and some cases because of draconian or very out-of-date securities laws just by giving basic investor protections and basic investor participation you're tacitly admitting that this thing ought to be regulated as a security that's a very unfortunate artifact of old laws that ought to be updated where they're intended to protect somebody but in consequence to avoid them people are actually diminishing consumer protections so basic things like this need to be thought about and done and it goes back to best practices and community standards where do these standards come from they come from failure so if you want to know how to run a secure good cryptocurrency exchange you look at the people who'd ran insecure bad cryptocurrency exchanges and say what did they do wrong just like if you want to build a rocket you look at the Rockets that explode it and you say what did we do wrong and from those failures you learn tremendously quickly on how to change things and we've seen a tremendous evolution already there's a lot more formalism occurring with the ICO markets there are now I see a rating agencies for example if they're very preliminary they are starting to create some things and eventually there will be stronger regulation and hopefully that regulation will be quite intelligent sensible and guide the market in the right direction if it's not intelligent not sensible then unfortunately as I said before it's likely to result in the market becoming actually worse for consumers not better I love the old gas business I've had a lot of friends and family who have been in these industries and if you look at how natural gas or oil or gold or any commodity is treated in the Western world these are you know very competitive reasonable markets and you know people have an expectation that there should be a fair value for what they're extracting and that's somewhat predictable but if you go to the developing world where they don't have the expertise the credibility the infrastructure and other such things to actually develop the resources for example Guinea with its bauxite has nearly 1/3 of the world's supply of bauxite what they end up having to do is go to China or to Rio Tinto or these other firms and make very predatory deals or they get pennies on the dollar for these natural resources and they accept bribes or they accept some infrastructure play but at the end the day they're literally selling something that could be worth $100 for a dollar or less so what if you could actually tokenize the development of natural resources so you say something like okay we're gonna survey this field for oil we're going to survey this field for a bauxite ore for diamonds and then we're gonna tokenize the entire production and each token represents some ownership stake of that now this kind of a way of going about things is not completely new it's been proposed before but now because of all these tools and cool things that we're getting in the cryptocurrency space it gives us many more levers that we can pull to prevent corruption and to prevent theft or other such things from occurring or cut off the flow of capital in the event that a agency failure occurs even on the government side perhaps so this will allow smaller jurisdictions that really do want to compete on the global markets to actually get a fair price for their resources which in turn they can use to reinvest in the community as a corollary to that if you look at infrastructure for example energy water all of these types of things we're moving from a centralized model to a more decentralized model you know it wasn't too long ago that Tesla announced the solar roof and then before that the powerwall but basically what they're doing is proposing a decentralized grid so wouldn't it be a wonderful world to say instead of having to build a 50 million or a hundred million dollar power plant to go provide energy for people in Ghana or people in Nigeria for example why don't we instead build a solar grid or wind grid and have that be community owned and these tokens actually represent ownership of that grid and they can be icy owed so everybody in the world can now make money from a good and energy farm that's providing cheap clean power to people in this jurisdiction or if we talk about for example foreign aid instead of saying we're gonna just give all this foreign aid to some hegemony in the country and hope they do a good job foreign aid can actually be participating on the open markets the UN for example could buy some of these tokens in order to promote the development of water and promote the development of solar and actually get a return on these tokens these are like new opportunities that are incredibly exciting to me and they can do everything from creating a decentralized internet by a mesh net to things like utility services to the tokenization of natural resources and I think this is going to be one of the great fun challenges to explore over the next 10 or 20 years is as technology matures my great hope for cryptocurrency technology is that we stop talking about blockchain and Bitcoin and all of these things we no longer talk about tcp/ip in the general public you know in the early days of the internet the only people who used it were very sophisticated very technical people and they were capable of doing so much and that was because the internet could do so little and they had to carry the load for them so things like tcp/ip and in these ideas they kind of faded into the backdrop they're necessary they're useful technologists iterate and evolve and build things on top of them but at the end of the day the consumer doesn't care consumer looks at things like does my skype work or not you know am I having a good high quality call or is it crackly and there's high latency or something like that if we can achieve the same thing we've achieved with the internet that it just works and it just works well but do that for money then I think we can have some really magical revolutionary things for example I believe we'll have this idea of a universal wallet just recently I was actually on a trip throughout Europe I was in Ukraine I was in Greece I was in Switzerland and I was in London and England and all these countries have one thing in common which is they have different money so Ukraine's money's different than the Euro which is Greece's money is different from the franc which is Switzerland's money which is the pound which is England's money but I never once used a currency exchange and I never once used the local money I had my card and every time I bought something that card would go from u.s. dollars to the local currency so I'd actually didn't care what the local currency was I just had to kind of the back of my mind track what am i spending so could you imagine a future where all of your assets live in a wallet a digital wallet or you have some tokenize gold and tokenize stock but even more exotic things like tokenize airline miles or maybe you tokenize your house and so part of its like a reverse mortgage and you have some tokens in there maybe you pre sell your labor you put it there and when you go in to Starbucks or to McDonald's or any of these places they always will charge let's say in dollars so when you go and cap your cellphone to pay you're gonna pay an airline miles or your labor or your house and they get dollars they didn't know that you paid an airline miles that some decentralized market making network took care of all that process now if we can get to that reality we start caring a lot less about our local money it doesn't really matter if you live in Argentina and the peso is not doing so good because you can just rebalance your portfolio and say you know I'm actually pretty long on the dollar I'm just gonna go for that or I like gold so I'm gonna store all my wealth there so now what we've done is we have taken a person where their financial life is determined by geography and we've now put them in the driver's seat of their financial life they get to make the final say about their portfolio and how they store their assets and by the way every single one of these assets are going to be secured they're gonna be well accounted for they're gonna be free of fraud or a lot more resistant to fraud they're gonna move at the speed of light you're gonna be able to buy and sell them at a fair price and there's no longer a siloing effect that occurs where your equities live here and your bonds live here and your currencies live there and your commodities live there they're all just treated as the same under the same type of protocol and they float just as fast as email if we can accomplish that by 2030 I think that the cryptocurrencies have will have become the greatest innovation of the last five hundred to a thousand years since the invention of banking and the invention of the printing press that just be an amazing future to live in [Music] you

it is a real revolution in terms of investment banking and finance in general we will unfortunately see the consequences of a lack of control of anarchy there will be scams there will be plenty of people who run around and defraud people because they know they can not i think this is going to be one of the great fun challenges to explore if we can accomplish that by 2030 i think that the cryptocurrencies that we will have become the greatest innovation of the last 500 to a 1000 years hi i am charles hodgkinson chief executive officer of input output hong kong we are a cryptocurrency company and a research firm that specializes in the science of cryptocurrencies so i 1st became interested in crypto currencies in 2011 i read a wonderful white paper written by satoshi nakamoto and i had known about peer to peer technology for quite some time for example i knew about the bittorrent protocol and napster and these types of things and i noticed the evolution of the technology so it was really interesting as a as a paper really interesting as an idea but i really did not think that it was a sustainable market i said 0 well we have these imaginary tokens who is going to buy them will they ever achieve liquidity and even if they do that the government will shut it all down so i did not take it too seriously until about 2 years later right around 2013 or and i noticed that despite the fact that the system had taken many hits and scandals and other issues that it exhibited a tremendous amount of resiliency and then from there i said boy it would be really interesting for me to do something in this space but i did not know anybody so i remembered an old adage one of my my professor said which is those who cannot do teach so i created a free class on udemy called bitcoin how i learned to stop worrying and love crypto because i am big peter sellers fan and so i kind of named it as a spoof on doctor strangelove and i just created a bunch of free lectures i released him as a creative commons license that i expected maybe a few 100 people take the class well it turned out i got over 70000 students for the course and i got over 5000 emails in the 1st year that i hosted it and i answered every single one of them because it was a fun experience so i got to meet everybody and got to learn a huge amount the venture i am usually most known for is etherium which i started shortly after sitting up invictus innovations with fatality uterine and several other people so to understand aetherium you have to understand bitcoin and what problem bitcoin solve so bitcoin is all about saying can i create a money system where alice and bob can transact with each other and at restless way and with a decentralized database recording all those transactions so in other words when alice sends that transaction it gets recorded in some magic ledger in the sky like a giant spreadsheet in the sky that once it is in there it can never go out its tamper resistant and it is immutable and it is time stamped and auditable so that is a wonderful concept and that alone with the notion of digital scarcity allowed a currency to form but the minute that you have a currency people immediately start saying well what else can i do with it is it just the ability to move value between alice or bob what about the story behind that value the metadata the context of contractual relationship for example what if alice says i will mow your lawn if if you pay me a $100 well that is a contract so what if alice mows the lawn and bob does not pay her that can not be reflected in a system like bitcoin so what we wanted to do is add a programming language to a blockchain so that these bespoke custom transactions could be coded much the same way someone would write javascript in a web browser and that in turn would allow people to have any type of financial relationship that they wanted to have very simple relationships to arbitrarily complex relationships so this was kind of the naive notion that we had in 2013 for for a theorem is can we add a programming language to a blockchain so that we can on that then allow people to facilitate more complex commerce known as smart contracts the best projects are frustration so most of the people who started aetherium they did not start and say hey we are just going to go build some magic new blockchain and it is going to have all these capabilities and they did this in a clean room in a very academic way they all started working on other projects for example jeff was working on master coin vitalik was working on color coins i had been working on bitshares and each and every one of us had the same scenario where there was something we wanted to do but the nature of blockchain technology or the nature of law hands had already been deployed but very difficult and time consuming and expensive to do these very simple things so we had to say there must be a better way so what what occurred was that vitalik started aggregating really good ideas ideas that he learned from circular learn her ideas that he learned while working on color coins and master coin and kind of stitched them all together into an initial white paper then like all open source projects that attracts attention if it is a good idea and so we started appearing out of the ether and discovering hey this is an interesting thing i would like to help and collaborate and then somewhere along the way we decided that it was a good idea for everybody to meet each other so really the turning point between this is a discussion about a cool thing we could do to something that we actually wanted to devote time money and effort to was in january of 2014 we most of the etherium founders met up in a beach house in miami for the north american bitcoin conference it was a wonderful trip and we had an opportunity really seriously discussed not only the technology and what it would require but also the philosophy what are we actually trying to do now from that we had reach an internal consensus that this is something we would like to pursue but you can not just build a product in isolation you have to actually go show it off and see if anybody cares so we thought we were all crazy you know we would show the world this yeah we do not care about this stuff and no there would be no interest and we just all go home and go do something else maybe start a bakery in hawaii or something so what we did is we we went to the conference we did some presentations vitalik presented at the conference and i did a debate with dan larimer and david johnston david represented master coin dan represented bitshares and i represented aetherium and we we got almost like a makea esque rock star reception to our presentation fatale for example right after he presented was mobbed by people and it took nearly an hour to pull him out of that circle of people who had questions so we realized that we had something very very special the problem is then now we we have momentum we have something special we have a group of people that are willing to do it you very naturally go to the next question which is how do you do it where do we do it you know how do we execute and that was the the hard part the the devil in the details behind aetherium that is a long story but i will try to make it concise so after miami we took a vote and we tried to decide whether we were crypto mozilla or we were going to be crypto google and these kind of bet 2 different things so crypto mozilla is saying let us do a not for profit organization mozilla is the maintainer of firefox and projects like that crypto google is a great patron of open source software but ultimately it is a for profit business so these are very different models and they have different notions of how these things ought to operate so we took a vote and initially the vote was 8 to 0 for all the founders said crypto google is the way to go so i went to switzerland and we started examining how one would set up a for profit venture that would build a protocol and launch the protocol through a not for profit foundation so i lived in zhuge for several months we got tax rulings and did very complicated work all in german which was quite fun i ate a lot of pretzels and gained a lot of weight but you know that is how these things always operate and then somewhere along the way around june of 2014 we eventually had to make some hard decisions and the decision was made to reverse that move to crypto mozilla and some people left the project myself included as a consequence of that and the raining people set up a foundation did a crowd sale and moved on so i never thought at that point i would ever get back into the etherium space i said well you know my time is over i enjoyed the 6 months i was there i learned a lot i met a lot of interesting people i enjoyed the beautiful vistas of switzerland so it is time to go do something else with my life so i suppose the easiest way of thinking about an ico is it is just basically a mechanism a decentralized mechanism for somebody to raise capital it is a very neutral thing it is not a pro thing or a negative thing it is just a gateway that allows capital of flow and so the very 1st ico that was done was master coin and the beautiful thing about this mechanism is just how incredibly simple it is so with master coin the founders of that project just listed a a forum post in bitcoin talk and they said hey we are doing something interesting if you like it since a bitcoin to the specially formed address that was that and that is basically what occurred and they raised half a $1000000 in a month and everybody was just blown away they said wow i can just create a forum post put an address up some text and then suddenly half a $1000000 appears so that is the basic notion of it is this idea of saying hey i am going to do something here is how you pay me and then using a cryptocurrency as the value transfer mechanism but more broadly in ico is is has become formalized because there is now a lot of more tools and functionality and interesting things that one can do the 1st i cos were all kind of meta to the system you had a bitcoin as the value carrier but all the terms the conditions the liquidity all these things were kind of outside of the system itself so somebody had to go and build master coin and then find a way to issue a token and master coin it was very bespoke time consuming process it took months now with aetherium what aetherium is a lot of people to do is to find that once it is called the erc 20 standard and then they can take that erc 20 contract issue as many tokens as they want and then go ahead and issue a sale people swap ether for erc 20 or what have you so what this is a lot of people to do is it is kind of democratized access to this new fundraising mechanism it is a lot of 1000s of people to raise 1000000000s of dollars all throughout the world without actually having to physically meet the people that they are raising money from and in some cases not even knowing who they are raising money from because it is being done over the internet through these types of payment systems so it is an incredibly interesting mechanism it is like crowdfunding on steroids it is not an entirely new concept we have had things like indiegogo and kickstarter for years the princes that now indiegogo and kickstarter have been disintermediated and also that the payment system itself no longer goes through the standard financial system so banks and financial intermediaries are not involved it is now a direct peer to peer payment system between people so this obviously causes a lot of regulatory questions about how this model is going to survive thrive and stay within compliance given that the legacy system never imagined that such a system like this could exist 1st the magic of ai cos is that they have now made everybody equal in terms of their ability to raise money there is never been a time in human history where we have had this power so you know ordinary days if you wanted to be an entrepreneur get venture capital you have to go where the money lives so that is new york that is silicon valley that is london beijing tokyo there are certain cities where that kind of value aggregates and the people who dispense it aggregate so you go and come up with your great idea and go on the road and go live somewhere well for a certain group of people that is a perfectly fine proposition the young and the affluent or those who are in a position to take a risk but let us say that you have a brilliant idea maybe you want to run a decentralized grid perhaps you are in haiti or in puerto rico or somewhere and you have just had everything destroyed by a hurricane and you say instead of rebuilding an old stupid grid let us build a really good grid and maybe with solar or something like that have the people on it well that may be a wonderful idea you might have a great business model there might be a lot of passion behind that but the issue is you have no access to capital so your only option is to either fly capital to you which seldom occurs it is luck usually or you have to leave and then find a way to somehow bring that back home and build relationships so people in the developing world are people outside of these zones have historically always been at a disadvantage what the ico does is say your geography no longer matters many icos have been done from very small countries like barbados the cayman islands switzerland and so forth and have been able to raise money on par with what you would expect from silicon valley and from new york and these other large capital hubs that is a very powerful very prominent very amazing thing but with great power does come potentially great problems some of these offerings could be construed to be securities offerings especially where these offerings require centralization for the end product to work or they have no product that they are selling and they are using it to finance the construction of the project so as a consequence it is very unclear about how legacy laws will fit into this new fundraising model and also unclear about what jurisdictions ought to take precedent normally when one raises money they raise money in a particular place let us say california then you would say as an entrepreneur i have to keep the state of california happy and i have to keep the us government happy those are the 2 constituencies it is manageable lawyers know how to do this when you do an ico you could end up raising money from 10000 people in 200 different jurisdictions in some cases jurisdictions on a bargo list like north korea and iran so in that case how do you actually manage that or do we even know who your customers are if you are not doing know your customer and anti money laundering compliance so these are some of the great challenges of icos is that while the increased liquidity then they put everybody on equal footing and it is a real revolution in terms of investment banking and finance in general it also introduces the issue that there is a gap of good government is good regulation and good compliance that would allow people to produce a good outcome for these things so anytime there are contracts markets transfer of value and an expectation of return or a potential for fraud and abuse there is universal consensus that there needs to be some notion of governance behind that and recourse in the event that people fail to meet their obligations so the role of the government at least in a western sense is to be the arbitrator of last resort and creates levels it says ok well for markets that are very efficient work well and are generally not filled with fraud the government does tend to stay out of those markets but for markets where there is just too much temptation there is conflicts of interest agency failures these types of things in those marketplaces the government feels necessary that it has to have some form of a role so this is kind of a contrast between let us say journalism or things involving written content in the financial markets in the 1st case it is completely unregulated most part can say whatever the heck you want to say in the united states and everybody just finds a way to deal with it whereas in the financial markets they tend to be the most regulated of all markets not because we started that way but because we have had consistent collapses from classes in the 1880s with gold deflation the knickerbocker crisis in the turn of the 19th the 20th century again another crisis and the great depression the crisis of the 1970s the snl crisis long term capital collapsing you know the dot com bust the enron scandal you know you can just keep going down the line and at every single one of these instances usually what occurs is the government says that there was some area that we probably should have been regulating or understand a little bit more about and we now are going to step back for example it and rhonni result in the creation of sarbanes oxley whereas in 1930s they decided to create glass steagle to separate retail and investment banking and both of these were probably pretty good ideas within the context of society so there are 2 modes of thought on should the government have a role or not one of them says yes the government ought to have a role and that role ought to be very hierarchal meaning the government is the final say of this matter that we should adapt existing regulation to now cover crypto currencies in a way that makes sense whereas there is another group of people who say that due to the nature of this technology and how incredibly transformative it is we are now money can move at the same speed as information at the same speed as an email it is intrinsically global and it is impossible to really know how much people are really making because of this new paradigm that it is going to be very very difficult if not impossible to actually regulate it in a conventional sense as an example if you take a look at how conventional msb regulation works money service businesses it is not the regulatory agency that acts as the watchdog they actually delegate their eyes and ears to the financial institutions themselves we have a notion of something called suspicious activity report which says if your customer is you the bank or you the exchange are doing business with are doing something that seems a bit suspicious you have a legal obligation to report to the regulatory body on your customer so what does that mean that the regulatory bodies have turned all of the money service businesses into their eyes and ears into their watchdogs and by extension have a pretty good handle on the conduct of everybody using those pipelines but when you move to a cryptocurrency setting there is no longer that 3rd party to file a suspicious activity report and as a consequence the only way that the regulatory body is going to get data on these people is either a finding it themselves or be having people report it self report which which generally does not work out so well so when we look at the totality of this problem and the fact that a lot of the tools that regulators traditionally use to maintain control over the markets and a lot of the tools that regulators need to use to maintain order are not present or superseded by cryptocurrencies advancement as well as the very rapid advancement of cryptocurrency technology it does seem to be a pyrrhic almost sisyphean effort to to actually regulate the crypto currency markets the way it is done at the legacy system that said if there is no regulation there are no controls it is the wild west you will unfortunately see the consequences of a lack of control of anarchy there will be scams there will be plenty of people who run around and defraud people because they know they can and they can hide in some jurisdiction so there is kind of a good a bad and an ugly to all of these things my personal opinion is that we need to take a measured hybrid approach there are cases where we probably can institute effective legacy regulation and there are cases where we can use things like self regulatory organizations voluntary standards things like smart contracts to compensate for the fact that these markets are different and also start enforcing best practices and the other point is that if the consumer the market knows that they have to look out for themselves they start making accommodations for that but one final point of caution which is if governments do choose to take too draconian of a measure on crypto currencies this will not stop the market there is never been really a case in human history where there has been a demand for something and the government decides to ban it where all of a sudden people stop using it from prohibition to the war on drugs all of these things we have spent 1000000000000s of dollars put many people in jail and yet these black markets continue to grow so if there is utility and demand there will always be away and the problem with crypto currencies is that they are just so darn hard to stop it is as anonymity technology improves as these peer to peer protocols become more resilient as they start working their way into mobile devices it is going to become harder and harder to know how much people even make every year unless they self disclose these things so if we look to analogy for example the hollywoods war on file sharing and the lack of success that they have had there if regulators do choose to have a very aggressive stance and my belief it is not going to actually protect any consumers it is just going to reduce the overall availability of information and ultimately cause more harm than good i think the biggest risk of icos is not necessarily the specter of government intervention or this idea of is it a scam or not it is more that because of this disintermediation that is occurred by the nature of the technology the people who conduct icos tend not to have a strong of a relationship with the people whom have given them money you know there is an unspoken and sacred bond when you run a business when somebody capitalizes that business gives you money you have a relationship of trust with that person that person had to work really really really hard to get what they have and what they have done is they have taken it voluntarily given it to you and you are going to go and take that money and hopefully you know build it up make it strong and come back with more of it more value for them if it is a donation that is fine and it but it is the same notion you have taken their money and they want you to go do something maybe build wells in africa what have you so the issue is when you now no longer know whom you are getting money from there is a tendency to dehumanize these people to say i have no relationship with them i have no obligations to do anything for them i do not have to care about them and if you reads a lot of the terms of sale for the icos that have recently been coming out there using semantics such as this is a donation there is no expectation of return there is no expectation of delivering a product if we take the money and go to the french riviera and just decide to live an opulent lifestyle for the next 5 years you can not sue us these types of things now under ordinary circumstances no investor in the world would ever agree to that and ever finance a business that has that kind of prospectus but because of the nature of these markets and the fact that there is going to be liquidity and the initial investor may be able to resell that token to somebody else and recoup their investment regardless of the project ends up being successful it has created a moral hazard and this is something that the community regulators and investors in general need to have a broader discussion about how we are going to overcome this for example there needs to be segregation of capital if capital is raised it needs to be stored somewhere where the people who have raised it do not have immediate access to that capital and there are some sort of controls over that 2nd there needs to be a better relationship between the buyer of the token and the person delivering in the project now it is not completely unfair to to say that this lack of relationship is solely because of the negligence of the person issuing the ico and some cases because of draconian or very out of date securities laws just by giving basic investor protections and basic investor participation you are tacitly admitting that this thing ought to be regulated as a security that is a very unfortunate artifact of old laws that ought to be updated where they are intended to protect somebody but in consequence to avoid them people are actually diminishing consumer protections so basic things like this need to be thought about and done and it goes back to best practices and community standards where do these standards come from they come from failure so if you want to know how to run a secure good cryptocurrency exchange you look at the people who would ran insecure bad cryptocurrency exchanges and say what did they do wrong just like if you want to build a rocket you look at the rockets that explode it and you say what did we do wrong and from those failures you learn tremendously quickly on how to change things and we have seen a tremendous evolution already there is a lot more formalism occurring with the ico markets there are now i see a rating agencies for example if they are very preliminary they are starting to create some things and eventually there will be stronger regulation and hopefully that regulation will be quite intelligent sensible and guide the market in the right direction if it is not intelligent not sensible then unfortunately as i said before it is likely to result in the market becoming actually worse for consumers not better i love the old gas business i have had a lot of friends and family who have been in these industries and if you look at how natural gas or oil or gold or any commodity is treated in the western world these are you know very competitive reasonable markets and you know people have an expectation that there should be a fair value for what they are extracting and that is somewhat predictable but if you go to the developing world where they do not have the expertise the credibility the infrastructure and other such things to actually develop the resources for example guinea with its bauxite has nearly one 3 of the world is supply of bauxite what they end up having to do is go to china or to rio tinto or these other firms and make very predatory deals or they get pennies on the dollar for these natural resources and they accept bribes or they accept some infrastructure play but at the end the day they are literally selling something that could be worth $100 for a dollar or less so what if you could actually tokenize the development of natural resources so you say something like okay we are going to survey this field for oil we are going to survey this field for a bauxite ore for diamonds and then we are going to tokenize the entire production and each token represents some ownership stake of that now this kind of a way of going about things is not completely new it has been proposed before but now because of all these tools and cool things that we are getting in the cryptocurrency space it gives us many more levers that we can pull to prevent corruption and to prevent theft or other such things from occurring or cut off the flow of capital in the event that a agency failure occurs even on the government side perhaps so this will allow smaller jurisdictions that really do want to compete on the global markets to actually get a fair price for their resources which in turn they can use to reinvest in the community as a corollary to that if you look at infrastructure for example energy water all of these types of things we are moving from a centralized model to a more decentralized model you know it was not too long ago that tesla announced the solar roof and then before that the powerwall but basically what they are doing is proposing a decentralized grid so would not it be a wonderful world to say instead of having to build a 50000000 or a $100000000 power plant to go provide energy for people in ghana or people in nigeria for example why do not we instead build a solar grid or wind grid and have that be community owned and these tokens actually represent ownership of that grid and they can be icy owed so everybody in the world can now make money from a good and energy farm that is providing cheap clean power to people in this jurisdiction or if we talk about for example foreign aid instead of saying we are going to just give all this foreign aid to some hegemony in the country and hope they do a good job foreign aid can actually be participating on the open markets the un for example could buy some of these tokens in order to promote the development of water and promote the development of solar and actually get a return on these tokens these are like new opportunities that are incredibly exciting to me and they can do everything from creating a decentralized internet by a mesh net to things like utility services to the tokenization of natural resources and i think this is going to be one of the great fun challenges to explore over the next 10 or 20 years is as technology matures my great hope for cryptocurrency technology is that we stop talking about blockchain and bitcoin and all of these things we no longer talk about tcp ip in the general public you know in the early days of the internet the only people who used it were very sophisticated very technical people and they were capable of doing so much and that was because the internet could do so little and they had to carry the load for them so things like tcp ip and in these ideas they kind of faded into the backdrop they are necessary they are useful technologists iterate and evolve and build things on top of them but at the end of the day the consumer does not care consumer looks at things like does my skype work or not you know am i having a good high quality call or is it crackly and there is high latency or something like that if we can achieve the same thing we have achieved with the internet that it just works and it just works well but do that for money then i think we can have some really magical revolutionary things for example i believe we will have this idea of a universal wallet just recently i was actually on a trip throughout europe i was in ukraine i was in greece i was in switzerland and i was in london and england and all these countries have one thing in common which is they have different money so ukraine is money is different than the euro which is greece is money is different from the franc which is switzerland is money which is the pound which is england is money but i never once used a currency exchange and i never once used the local money i had my card and every time i bought something that card would go from u s dollars to the local currency so i would actually did not care what the local currency was i just had to kind of the back of my mind track what am i spending so could you imagine a future where all of your assets live in a wallet a digital wallet or you have some tokenize gold and tokenize stock but even more exotic things like tokenize airline miles or maybe you tokenize your house and so part of its like a reverse mortgage and you have some tokens in there maybe you pre sell your labor you put it there and when you go in to starbucks or to mcdonald is or any of these places they always will charge let us say in dollars so when you go and cap your cellphone to pay you are going to pay an airline miles or your labor or your house and they get dollars they did not know that you paid an airline miles that some decentralized market making network took care of all that process now if we can get to that reality we start caring a lot less about our local money it does not really matter if you live in argentina and the peso is not doing so good because you can just rebalance your portfolio and say you know i am actually pretty long on the dollar i am just going to go for that or i like gold so i am going to store all my wealth there so now what we have done is we have taken a person where their financial life is determined by geography and we have now put them in the driver is seat of their financial life they get to make the final say about their portfolio and how they store their assets and by the way every single one of these assets are going to be secured they are going to be well accounted for they are going to be free of fraud or a lot more resistant to fraud they are going to move at the speed of light you are going to be able to buy and sell them at a fair price and there is no longer a siloing effect that occurs where your equities live here and your bonds live here and your currencies live there and your commodities live there they are all just treated as the same under the same type of protocol and they float just as fast as email if we can accomplish that by 2030 i think that the cryptocurrencies have will have become the greatest innovation of the last 500 to a 1000 years since the invention of banking and the invention of the printing press that just be an amazing future to live in you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugmOeNlxwqs

hello everyone welcome to culture Brothers welcome to the Haifa International Film Festival the best Festival hey not you are not here just because you are a film lover but also because you are a creator of films quite the opposite I although I'm a filmmaker I'm here for to watch a films from all over the world I love Cinema from all over the world it's a it's a chance for me to um to see yes to explore and to see the developments around the world of filmmakers in in cinema and uh and I like to be here every year I'm here every year so uh quite a habit and a good habit I think and it's a wonderful habit and it's probably a wonderful inspiration for the filmmaker well yeah mostly because of the classics and we would like to learn more about your latest film matinee well so will you be kind enough to tell us a few words about it well Matilda is an independent film a independent film quite a long time to make it I'm talking about five to six years of working I had an opportunity to to finish it about two years ago because the Israeli film fan gave me some money to to complete it thank you Israeli film yeah thank you and uh and now it is the screen over Israel and we'll be screened around the world hopefully it's about three women on a verge of a breakdown it's three stories of three women which are struggling in their life and to create their own identity and each of the women have the same it has the same name so it's real women what a coincidence yes what a coincidence and then the interesting thing is that the first Nama is a man who longs to be a woman yes and the second number is a is a painter who is followed by a private investigator horrible day in her life number three is uh is a University graduate who struggles to to have decent life so uh and and the film is is a homage to to all the people who are like me like loves to go to Martinez that's why it is called matinee because all the srinamas are sitting in Seattle watching the film of their life screamed yes so this is because when I used to go to Martinez I always was looking behind me and seeing the stories inside the theater not the one on the screen which is obvious because I I went to see the film however I saw many films around me basically you've been you've been watching simultaneously both on screen and off screen and off screen exactly and I love the people who came to the Martinez they have stories not many people in there in the theater so everyone has his own story because those people can actually watch a film during the day so probably something is going wrong in their life if I may say so it's about time somebody had made a film saluting the matinee Institute well yeah and we can't wait watching it ourselves thank you it sounds very interesting enough what can we wish you for the future budget to make more feelings just budget money money and more money to make more fields any plans you'd like to share with us at this stage now I'm working on on my my next film which is the will be Street which will be a shoot as part is my MFA studies so I'm writing now the streets and I and hopefully I will shoot it as a as my uh my finished project my uh my uh to end the MFA so that's my plans and also FBA you mean MFA MFA it's like M.A but it's uh we film f is full film yes okay exactly so it's we've learned something new yes yes yes okay so uh that's my next this will be the final project of the start of the studies small and the small bird is whispered in our ear that matinee was invited to Brazil yeah to be screened in Brazil congratulations yeah thank you very much for the Latin America to watch it and uh and know more about the Israeli Cinema so that's a bless wonderful so we want to thank you for taking the time thank you to wish you great success and enjoy the hyper Film Festival thank you bye

hello everyone welcome to culture brothers welcome to the haifa international film festival the best festival hey not you are not here just because you are a film lover but also because you are a creator of films quite the opposite i although i am a filmmaker i am here for to watch a films from all over the world i love cinema from all over the world it is a it is a chance for me to to see yes to explore and to see the developments around the world of filmmakers in in cinema and and i like to be here every year i am here every year so quite a habit and a good habit i think and it is a wonderful habit and it is probably a wonderful inspiration for the filmmaker well yeah mostly because of the classics and we would like to learn more about your latest film matinee well so will you be kind enough to tell us a few words about it well matilda is an independent film a independent film quite a long time to make it i am talking about 5 to 6 years of working i had an opportunity to to finish it about 2 years ago because the israeli film fan gave me some money to to complete it thank you israeli film yeah thank you and and now it is the screen over israel and we will be screened around the world hopefully it is about 3 women on a verge of a breakdown it is 3 stories of 3 women which are struggling in their life and to create their own identity and each of the women have the same it has the same name so it is real women what a coincidence yes what a coincidence and then the interesting thing is that the 1st nama is a man who longs to be a woman yes and the 2nd number is a is a painter who is followed by a private investigator horrible day in her life number 3 is is a university graduate who struggles to to have decent life so and and the film is is a homage to to all the people who are like me like loves to go to martinez that is why it is called matinee because all the srinamas are sitting in seattle watching the film of their life screamed yes so this is because when i used to go to martinez i always was looking behind me and seeing the stories inside the theater not the one on the screen which is obvious because i i went to see the film however i saw many films around me basically you have been you have been watching simultaneously both on screen and off screen and off screen exactly and i love the people who came to the martinez they have stories not many people in there in the theater so everyone has his own story because those people can actually watch a film during the day so probably something is going wrong in their life if i may say so it is about time somebody had made a film saluting the matinee institute well yeah and we can not wait watching it ourselves thank you it sounds very interesting enough what can we wish you for the future budget to make more feelings just budget money money and more money to make more fields any plans you would like to share with us at this stage now i am working on on my my next film which is the will be street which will be a shoot as part is my mfa studies so i am writing now the streets and i and hopefully i will shoot it as a as my my finished project my my to end the mfa so that is my plans and also fba you mean mfa mfa it is like m a but it is we film f is full film yes okay exactly so it is we have learned something new yes yes yes okay so that is my next this will be the final project of the start of the studies small and the small bird is whispered in our ear that matinee was invited to brazil yeah to be screened in brazil congratulations yeah thank you very much for the latin america to watch it and and know more about the israeli cinema so that is a bless wonderful so we want to thank you for taking the time thank you to wish you great success and enjoy the hyper film festival thank you bye

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVeT6EckjCo

welcome to headline news 24/7 please click like and subscribe whoopee just came back with nasty surprise for judge Janine after berating her on the view judge Janine is an American television personality on Fox News a best-selling author and a former judge recently she appeared on liberal daytime talk show the view recently to promote one of her newest books however what was supposed to be an opportunity for advertisement devolved into a shouting match between the left and the right politically on the co-host table it was not pretty in the view co-host Whoopi Goldberg was the most deplorably behaved of them all chicks on the rent reported it's pretty clear that Whoopi Goldberg doesn't follow politics very closely she gets paid to analyze what's going on but if you listen to her it's very easy to tell that she has a very basic grasp on the news she's just reciting talking points that she sees on TV and she's constantly saying things that just aren't true when people who actually know what's going on go on to view it can often get a little uncomfortable it's natural human emotion to get defensive when someone else is talking about things that you don't understand or haven't heard before it can be intimidating will be was clearly intimidated by Jeanine Pirro on Thursdays showing you've probably seen her meltdown when the conversation shifted to immigration after the segment abruptly ended Pierrot was screamed at and spit on by Whoopi and told to get the F out of the building did Whoopi apologize for acting like a child not really in fact she's doubling down she seems to leave some key points out Goldberg said with a smile she left a lot of pertinent stuff out Goldberg said Pierrot was upset before the show even starting taping because conservative commentator Anna Navarro was appearing instead of regular co-host Joy Behar after the confrontation Pierrot then called everybody at the table a name I cannot repeat on TV Goldberg said and said in front of the audience she added the Academy Award winner said she stepped off stage to calm down when Pierrot confronted her she could have just passed me she didn't need to stop Goldberg said but she stopped and put a finger in my face and yelled I've done more for victims than you ever will Goldberg then confirmed pira's story that she had told her FK you yes I did say it I did say it Goldberg said but I did not spit on her I did not intimidate her Pierrot was not chased out of studio like a dog Goldberg said Whoopi is trying to clean this up but is failing miserably we saw the segment so we know Whoopi was unhinged she's admitting she cursed at Pierrot that's pretty much all we need to know she can deny some of the other details all she wants the point is that Whoopi is clearly suffering from a serious case of Trump derangement syndrome the tolerant left strikes again regardless of the semantics of what actually went down the fact of the matter is that Whoopi Goldberg the televisions show guests and her fellow co-hosts had judged Jeanine own and they made her feel horribly unwelcome they went out of her way to make sure she knew she was not wanted that is not what good hosts do in fact the opposite and there is no excuse for their behavior the fact that they use this past Friday show to try and make excuses for Goldberg's behavior shows exactly how far gone they really are however their behavior has repercussions over the past 11 years the show has increasingly had decreasing ratings due to their controversial arguments on-air as well as their constant changing of panel co-hosts perhaps their inability to keep co-hosts has something to do with the fact that they mistreat the token conservative commentator on the panel and they never have any diversity of opinion at the end of the day the American people want to see their daytime talk shows as diverse as this country no matter how hard they try to make us believe the country is full on only liberal people that fact is simply inaccurate the country is full of diverse people with diverse opinions and diverse backgrounds the view simply does not show that sooner or later the show is going to tank and they will know exactly why the sooner the better nobody likes trash television like that when that day finally comes it will be a good day for the television and entertainment industry not to mention America that was the news we thought you might be interested in knowing about this please click like and subscribe thank you

welcome to headline news 24 7 please click like and subscribe whoopee just came back with nasty surprise for judge janine after berating her on the view judge janine is an american television personality on fox news a best selling author and a former judge recently she appeared on liberal daytime talk show the view recently to promote one of her newest books however what was supposed to be an opportunity for advertisement devolved into a shouting match between the left and the right politically on the co host table it was not pretty in the view co host whoopi goldberg was the most deplorably behaved of them all chicks on the rent reported it is pretty clear that whoopi goldberg does not follow politics very closely she gets paid to analyze what is going on but if you listen to her it is very easy to tell that she has a very basic grasp on the news she is just reciting talking points that she sees on tv and she is constantly saying things that just are not true when people who actually know what is going on go on to view it can often get a little uncomfortable it is natural human emotion to get defensive when someone else is talking about things that you do not understand or have not heard before it can be intimidating will be was clearly intimidated by jeanine pirro on thursdays showing you have probably seen her meltdown when the conversation shifted to immigration after the segment abruptly ended pierrot was screamed at and spit on by whoopi and told to get the f out of the building did whoopi apologize for acting like a child not really in fact she is doubling down she seems to leave some key points out goldberg said with a smile she left a lot of pertinent stuff out goldberg said pierrot was upset before the show even starting taping because conservative commentator anna navarro was appearing instead of regular co host joy behar after the confrontation pierrot then called everybody at the table a name i cannot repeat on tv goldberg said and said in front of the audience she added the academy award winner said she stepped off stage to calm down when pierrot confronted her she could have just passed me she did not need to stop goldberg said but she stopped and put a finger in my face and yelled i have done more for victims than you ever will goldberg then confirmed pira is story that she had told her fk you yes i did say it i did say it goldberg said but i did not spit on her i did not intimidate her pierrot was not chased out of studio like a dog goldberg said whoopi is trying to clean this up but is failing miserably we saw the segment so we know whoopi was unhinged she is admitting she cursed at pierrot that is pretty much all we need to know she can deny some of the other details all she wants the point is that whoopi is clearly suffering from a serious case of trump derangement syndrome the tolerant left strikes again regardless of the semantics of what actually went down the fact of the matter is that whoopi goldberg the televisions show guests and her fellow co hosts had judged jeanine own and they made her feel horribly unwelcome they went out of her way to make sure she knew she was not wanted that is not what good hosts do in fact the opposite and there is no excuse for their behavior the fact that they use this past friday show to try and make excuses for goldberg is behavior shows exactly how far gone they really are however their behavior has repercussions over the past 11 years the show has increasingly had decreasing ratings due to their controversial arguments on air as well as their constant changing of panel co hosts perhaps their inability to keep co hosts has something to do with the fact that they mistreat the token conservative commentator on the panel and they never have any diversity of opinion at the end of the day the american people want to see their daytime talk shows as diverse as this country no matter how hard they try to make us believe the country is full on only liberal people that fact is simply inaccurate the country is full of diverse people with diverse opinions and diverse backgrounds the view simply does not show that sooner or later the show is going to tank and they will know exactly why the sooner the better nobody likes trash television like that when that day finally comes it will be a good day for the television and entertainment industry not to mention america that was the news we thought you might be interested in knowing about this please click like and subscribe thank you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_iVIBhm8Xk

and i had another program which just got over and erased from there that's why i got delayed so we have two options now of course we always have unlimited options but right now we have two options since you already raised those issues i could address these and or i had a particular structure which i was going to speak on i can speak that and then if we have time we can address these issues how much time do you spend on these points how much how long are you discussing it's q a and talk you can go till four okay but how long have you been discussing this oh just for the last 15 years that's a significant amount of time we just shared some of the points raised by many so we put that okay so how would you prefer okay so i'll speak what i want and then you can have questions okay so i was just about a month and a half ago i was speaking in stanford and my topic was make a life not a living and one common question that comes up usually that is the spiritual stuff real so i was not really talking about science and spirituality i was talking about more of how a spiritual world view can help us to live life more meaningfully so but he is this real so i asked what do you mean by real is it scientific okay so then i asked okay what do you exactly mean by scientific can it be proven okay i said okay can you prove that your mother loves you what do you mean obviously my mother loves me but can you prove it what do you mean by proof you said no can you mathematically prove that your mother loves you how do you mathematically prove that that's not mathematical i know hundreds of occasions in my life and my mother extended myself so much for me and i know that my mother loves me so with respect to many of the activities in our life we we have we have appropriate ways of knowing things so yes science is a very powerful tool for acquiring knowledge and with science we can understand a lot of things at the same time it is one tool for acquiring knowledge and if now if i ask you what are the temperature and what is the time in la right now now you could just uh google it up and find out and say it's 11 38. so okay now that's this and if if you say this i can confirm it by going on google i can call somebody and find out so basically there are the the way i can confirm what is the temperature now or what is the time now that is very different from the way we can infer that someone love us there are different ways of knowing things now with all our scientific advancement we cannot have anything called a lava meter and nowadays one of the greatest fears of people is forming relationships when we try to form a relationship there is a fear of rejection so the person abandons me betrays me so now if two people want to form a relationship at that time if they want to know does this person really care for me or they care for my money they care for my looks they care for what do they care for now if you want to you could just have a meter put it on their chest do you really love me yes oh good get lost no get lost we can't have a lavo meter the love is real but it's not measurable in the same way let's say temperature or blood pressure is measurable so the point is there are different ways of knowing things and atheism often tries to reject theism by applying an inappropriate method for knowing it like i insist you prove that your mother loves to allows you and proved mathematically now how am i going to prove mathematically so if the method of knowing is not appropriate to the object of knowing then whatever knowledge we get it will be flawed if somebody says that if you can't mathematically prove that your mother loves me therefore your mother doesn't love you now that was invalid inference so the so now uh i just with this background i'll talk about how faith as such is required in every walk of life and how we function with faith but we have when we are going through life we have to choose between different worldviews broadly speaking either theistic world or atheistic worldview and atheists are often aggressive saying that you're religious people you believe in some imaginary being who exists somewhere you are so irrational so often atheism claims to be intellectually superior and more rational than theism but we'll see if we go deeper into the matter the reality is quite different so i'll the title is order the title today does anyone remember why yes our atheism requires more faith than theism so i'll use a acronym more and i'll talk about four points so m-o-r-e okay so m is meaning meaning what does it mean in this context stephen weinberg is a nobel laureate physicist and he said famously that the more the universe becomes comprehensible the more it seems meaningless the more the universe becomes comprehensible the more it seems meaningless now what does it mean by what in what sense of meaning is he talking about and what type of comprehensibility is talking about first let's understand the paradox in this say suppose somebody hands you a message it's very important and then you look at it and you find that it is actually in some strange script what is this this looks like some markings on paper but you ask someone you know it is in that particular script it's a sumerian script from ancient sumeria oh really and then you start finding out what is the script what does marking mean what does this letter mean what does this word mean and gradually as you come to know about that script then what happens the more the message becomes comprehensible okay this symbol means this this particular letter this means this word this means this word this means this word and the more the message becomes comprehensible what should happen the more it should become meaningful isn't it oh i understood this word i understood this word i understood this so the more something becomes comprehensible the more it should become meaningful but suppose you struggled through and understood the script the letters the words and after that you found the whole thing doesn't make sense hey what's going on you could say that somebody just crazily scribbled something on paper there was never any meaning in it that could be one way of looking at it but another way would be maybe i'm missing something because the scribblings are not just random the scribblings do at least each scribbling means something each letter means something each word is myself the whole thing is not making any sense then maybe i'm missing something is it if the whole thing were meaningless then why should the scribblings match any script at all so the same principle applies to the study of the universe if we see the age of science more or less began with what is called the scientific revolution and newton was probably among the pioneers of course before the others were also there but newton is most famously celebrated does anyone know which is the most famous incident which says started the scientific revolution yes apple folic some people say the apple fell in front of him some people say it fell on him whichever way so i had gone i mean i want cambridge to speak on science and spirituality we pass by that same tree so that tree is preserved it's like a pilgrimage place for scientists they go and try to get inspiration oh einstein was newton was so brilliant now certainly newton's brilliance is to be appreciated through an ordinary incident like a fruit following he inferred about the nature of uh gravity at the same time let's look at let's take a step back and say he asked the question what made this fruit fall so this question itself raises a question that this question has an assumption to it that means fruits don't just fall by chance newton assumed that there is some underlying order in nature and then he was trying to understand the specific mechanism of that order so if there were if he were thinking that nature was completely arbitrary random then he wouldn't even ask that question paul davies is a skeptical scientist one of the prominent scientists in the world he said that even the most rigorous atheist begins the study of the universe with the unexplained faith that the universe has some order in it science would not be able to function if we did not believe that there is some order but all of scientific advancement is what we make repeated observations then we try to make some patterns out of those observations and in the basement patterns we make a theory and we do experiments to verify the theory but the idea when we are doing the experiments is that these observations experiments or when they think the observations is that there is some order in nature and that's the order we want to discern so the point i'm making is if we consider nature to be like a message in some foreign script we find that okay okay why do objects fall like this that's because of gravity now why does the temperature rise it's because of thermodynamics okay why is current flowing through this but not through that oh that is because of the principle of electricity something the conductor something or semiconductors some are insulators so like that science basically helps us to make sense of how nature functions and in the last few several hundred years we have been able to acquire so much knowledge which was not there a few hundred years ago however as we are understanding more and more about nature in terms of specifics okay this is how this works this is how this works this is how this works but in terms of integrated picture we're not understanding anything so okay why do fruits fall down that's because of gravity why does the temperature rise or because of thermodynamics whatever but why do we exist what is the meaning of life why does the universe exist it's meaningless there is no point to it this doesn't make sense if we consider nature to be like a message then each scribbling makes sense the words make sense but the whole thing doesn't come together so might we be missing something now you could say consider that everything is just a random scribbling without any purpose behind it's possible but then the question comes up then why would any particular scribbling so precisely match some script so another uh nobel laureate eugene wigner he said he has written a paper called the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences so that means this point is that maths is basically a tool which we human beings have constructed for uh for analyzing nature now what do you mean by tool you're constructed at a very at a very little level you can say the imaginary number square root of minus one it doesn't exist in nature so many mathematical concepts they don't literally exist in nature but why is it that concepts created by our mind correlate with how nature functions out there this correlation is very remarkable now i am taking this further a little further what i'll look at the example of the script that the script means this this there are some scribblings out there and those scribblings correlate with the particular script so our mind has the ability to come up with mathematics and nature has the ability to or nature features patterns which are also in the language which are also understandable in the language of mathematics that means somebody has written the scribblings in the language that we can understand and yet the scribblings of the complete picture don't make sense so why should it be like this might we be missing something and this is how actually science functions science never within its particular search for knowledge never abandons the idea of order say for example newtonian physics for a long time it acted as a bedrock of science but till the 20th century the 20th at the start of the 20th century as scientists started studying very small and very big the microscopic and the macroscopic they found that newtonian physics didn't work subatomic particles the way they moved couldn't understand based on based on newtonian physics and similarly very big objects moving very fast during the speed of light they also their behavior couldn't be understood with newtonian physics now when neutron in physics which was a bedrock of science for that that much time when it stopped working scientists did not say that oh there is no order in nature they said maybe we are missing something maybe there is some bigger order of which we are understanding some part and that's how scientists developed two different theories does anyone know which one relativity is for the macroscopic for the big objects and for the microscopic quantum physics yes thank you so basically what happened is it's science operates on the faith that the nature features meaning and here is one important point i'm making in this i am not saying is a science against theism rather science is a tool for acquired knowledge theism is here atheism is here atheism often acts as a parasite on science that means atheism claims credibility based on science but as i said for science to function there is a presumption that there is order in nature and atheism has no explanation for that presumption so we are not pitting theism against science we have seen science as a tool for acquiring knowledge and it is phenomenally powerful and the validity of science itself which does this theism make science more valid or does atheism make science more valid make more valid means the working of science which world view makes more sense so with atheism there is no reason why science should work yeah i hope this point is clear if newton had been an atheist he would not even have asked the question what made the fruit fall this thing just happened so science started and science is sustained by the faith that nature has order and nature feature some order where does the order of the nature come from that is best explained by a theistic world view rather than an atheistic world view okay so as i said i am going to talk about this four points and this is a little heavy discussion so i would prefer that we break it apart and if you have any questions right now after mor each of these we can have some questions and then we can move forward so any comments or questions till now yes please like because we are talking about faith and atheism in context so do you think that uh it could also be that a at one point like science can agree with the religious views and perspective and we can actually function together right because right now we have seen that you know the the thesis and the atheists they are like separating a more a bit more in like 90s they were at least much more closer and working together right so do you think it's possible because in meantime whether you follow religion or you follow scientific principles uh the point for us is to understand the meaning of life and how to lead it in a better way because okay i have seen a couple they were like okay uh we are atheist but we still have faith in each other and they were like the faith wasn't such strong they're like uh the woman can ask his husband any time i can i unload on you because you know it's human nature you get angry sometimes and if husband says no she will stop it off if husband agrees then she will just unload and then the husband will ignore that part right so i think faith is still there because we are talking about the meaning of faith itself and so faith can not be just in god it can also be between people and faith in machines as well right if i have faith in chronological transit system i can come over here right so in that context okay good question so there are many points in this question but it's some i'll address some of them the first is that ultimately we want to live uh we want to live a meaningful good life so can he can atheist these come together in the pursuit of a good life and atheists might also be very understanding with each other and they might care for each other and they might be able to live well yes so there's a question that can atheists be good people and as a different question can atheism make people good they're two different questions so can atheists be good people definitely that can be because ultimately our worldview specifically our you could use our belief system our world view that is only one part of who we are so the bhagavata explains that there are three modes of material nature sattva rajasthanis goodness passion and ignorance and broadly speaking what does it mean that some people make things happen some people watch things happen and some people wonder what happened so that is goodness passion ignorance these are thoughtful people they think they plan not these people goodness they're thoughtful people they think and make things happen those are impassioned they just run around doing this doing this doing that and they don't think or plan they do one thing but another thing goes wrong another this happened and they just make a mess of things and people are ignorant just lost in their own heads maybe drunk or and basically they're just not even aware of what is happening around them so now this division of human psychology the gives it independent of one's spiritual orientation so you could have a thesis who is an ignorance that means somebody claims to believe in god but they are violent intolerant they are irrational and you can have a atheist who may be in goodness and they might be very calm very reasonable very sensitive very nature loving so this we could talk about two two terms over here there are operational values and there are foundational values so operational values means how we live in the world foundational values means what is it that we ultimately believe about the world what what is the foundation of our life so another one example to understand this could be that say that if somebody is driving a car so operational value means how well do they drive the car foundational value means where are they going by driving so if somebody is lost about where they are going i mean they're driving very smoothly following all the rules taking excellent care of the car not not troubling the other drivers by here by haywire driving they're driving very well so in terms of the perspective on the road see this person is very good driver and that person is a terrible driver somebody might be a very poor driver but they might be driving to the right destination now of course whether they will get there or not that's a different question they're driving poorly they might cause a break so like so all of us we have functional or functional of operational values and we have foundational fundamental values so in terms of functional values all of us fall somewhere in the spectrum of the three modes goodness passion ignorance so to the extent people come to goodness there can be reasonable discussion and there can be also respectful disagreement as i said we can agree to disagree was at an interfaith conference in washington dc recently and there was a muslim over there so he was telling me that that you know i can communicate better with moderates from other traditions then with extremists from my own tradition so extremist means those who are in passion or ignorance they are intolerant they just even moderate although you might have one particular category these are all these are hindus or these are muslims or these are christians or even these are atheists but that is sometimes theism or religion is such a big category that it can be very unhelpful within religion you can have the amish people who you know there was a movie about called amish grace where uh there was some serial killer who rushed into an amish school and killed any of the children and the armies chose to forgive him and he killed himself they went not only forget they forgave him but they went off and offered their support and assistance to his widow and his children so now they are also religious and we can have we can have jihadis who not only kill those innocent children but they use children to kill children many of these terrorists were indoctrinated by 16 17 15 and they use them to kill others so the religion is such a big category you know what do you mean by religion i may say by religion i am talking about the amish and somebody might be talking about the jihadis so you're not talking about the same thing at all that's why we have to look at what are the functional values from the functional perspective in the world when we are living the functional values are very important and in that sense a atheist might live more harmoniously if the ethicist and goodness and the thiest might live less harmoniously more disharmoniously the taste is in passion or ignorance so to the extent our consciousness arises rises upwards we become more thoughtful more reflective the to the extent we come to goodness we all can live with our differences more harmoniously and so can atheists be good people definitely but can atheism make people good i'll talk about this more in the last e more he is going to have that but atheism itself does not contain any imperative for inner transformation so if theism is understood properly if i understand that i am accountable to god and each of my actions i'll be responsible for them then there is an impetus for inner transformation so atheists can be good people and thieves can be bad people that's possible but if we can if instead of comparing good atheists with bad bad thieves we compare bad atheists with bad atheists and we compare good good thieves with good atheists then the impetus for transformation is more in if we have a theistic worldview the impetus and the capability the resources also i'll come to that later but yes in respect of our world views if we come more to goodness then we can all live more harmoniously okay thank you i have one more question yeah we're talking about meaning right about what the meaning like for example so why that kind of explanation is not there in scriptures in or is it there we don't know about it okay refer to that okay so say we talked about newton and theory of gravity by by that kind of explanation not there in scripture see each book has its particular purpose and if you look at the book itself it is telling its purpose say for example arjun when he's asked at the start of the bhagavad-gita is asking a particular question say if you come for a class and it's a question answer session and you came after the question was asked when you are hearing the answer you may understand each point but what is this what is the whole point we discuss you'll not be able to understand that isn't it so to understand the bhagavata we have to understand what is the question to which the gita is the answer and the question is i am asking you what is dharma dharma means how what is the right way to live what is the right course of action so the the bhagavad gita is not a book talking about the physical nature of the universe the bhagavad-gita is a book talking about the right course of action bhagavatam if we consider it is spoken to a king who is about to die and the thrust of the bhagavatam is what how to prepare your consciousness when you're going to die how to remember the eternal when we are ending our stay in the temporal so now the whole bhagavatam is centered on that purpose and no book can have all knowledge about everything and if somebody is reading say a book about english grammar and then you ask you know why is their own knowledge of physics in this it's a book about english grammar if you want to study physics go to some other branch so galileo famously said that that science tells us how the heavens go religion tells us how to go to the heavens how the heavens go means how do the planets move that's what science tells us but how to go to the heavens means how to raise your consciousness and go to a higher level of existence so so these are two distinct bodies of knowledge and now some people may say that oh scripture also contains the scientific knowledge yeah it may contain but if we position scripture and science as competitors by doing that we devalue scripture scripture is not here to give a scientific knowledge scientific knowledge is a very powerful way of acquiring knowledge a powerful tool for acquiring knowledge but science gives us knowledge about a particular portion of reality what is the portion of reality that is science tells us science operates based on a phenomenon we call as methodological naturalism methodological naturalism means science provides us material explanations for material phenomena or natural explanations for natural phenomena that means that newton saw the fruit falling and now he could have said what made the fruit fall god made the fruit fall now he accepted the existence of god he also he also famously said that now the orderly nature of the solar system this could not have come without a great intelligence being behind that but when he is looking for an explanation he is not looking he when he is studying studying it as a scientist he is not looking for god as explanation he's not rejecting order the explanation but he's looking for the material mechanism so a material mechanism and an intelligent agent these two are not contradictory they are complementary it's like suppose ah so did all of you have lunch or you're going to have some food after this okay okay so suppose you had suppose you're going to be prasad after this because though suppose prasad is there now but now if something is cooked very nicely now you may somebody may want to know okay who cooked this and that is a valid question and somebody may want to know what is the recipe for this what are the ingredients what is the process now knowing the recipe and knowing the cook they are too complimentary knowledges isn't it they're not contradictory just because i have a recipe doesn't mean i don't need a cook and just because i have cooked doesn't mean i don't need a recipe both are valid so if i want to develop a personally personal relationship with the with the person who made that then i will ask about that and ask about the cook but i also want to cook i say i just need the recipe then so science basically asks for the recipe science doesn't ask about the cook so at least newton did not deny the existence of cook he accepted as a cook but i want to know the recipe but what happened subsequent generations of scientists science science or more you could say in the subsequent generations atheists started taking over science and then they started saying if you just have the ingredients why do you need to cook [Music] so that's how science started becoming atheistic or rather atheist started taking over science now even now in america survey that ah done that about fifty percent of scientists are these fifty percent atheists now you can define theism in a lose way specific you can say personal god or just some over over uh overseeing some kind of organizing intelligence is different so the point is that scripture we we don't go to scripture to seek scientific knowledge we go to scripture to learn about how to raise our consciousness so these are two different branches of knowledge and if you understand their domains then the conflict can be significantly avoided there might be some areas of conflict and there has to be some intelligent resolution of that but overall they're two different domains of knowledge one way i put it is that science can make things better spirituality can make people better science can transform the outer world and spirituality can transform our inner world let us answer your question thank you any other questions to know okay so let's move on what is the acronym we are discussing more m was meaning okay thank you now o is origin origin means that why does anything exist at all now atheists often argue this question that okay if god made everything and who made god and i'll come to the answer to that question quickly but let's look at the alternative that atheism offers us earlier i said meaning is say it's like a message it's like a message written in a particular script and the script is making sense but the whole message is not making sense so one way to make sense would be let's go behind and look at who sent the message so where did the universe where did everything come from so what is the atheistic explanation for this you can have many big big terms but if you can remove all the names of big theories or whatever the essential explanation of atheism for the origin of the universe is this nothing existed because of nothing nothing exploded because of nothing and nothing gave rise to everything three sentences that's all nothing existed because of nothing nothing exploded because of nothing and nothing gave rise to everything it's spectacularly reasonable isn't it it just doesn't make any sense as a physicist there's a scientist cross or crosc it's kra uss so he wrote a book called how everything came from nothing and now that book was hyped up by atheists but even there are there are scientists who are in authors they reviewed that book and basically his whole book what is he doing he's not explaining how everything came from nothing he's basically redefining nothing so that it is something what is he doing he says that nothing is a complex quantum mechanical vacuum that requires pages and pages of the most abstract mathematics to describe and from that nothing something came about [Laughter] but that only begs the question where did that nothing come from so that is not nothing as is ordinarily understood so what suggests they're putting nothing in double quotes we don't explain anything isn't it that's what they're doing redefining nothing so basically within the atheistic worldview why does anything exist at all that that is not explainable and we could further say that that nothing is nothing has to have the potentiality to manifest everything so where did it come from stephen hawking was a brilliant scientist and he was a very poor philosopher in his area he was brilliant but what happens sometimes scientists because of overconfidence they out step out of their directory so he he wrote a book called the grand design and what is the thesis of that book basically the design is so grand that it does not require a designer at the thesis of the book but that book is filled with so many terrible paradoxes and there are scientists themselves who have had strong issues with the book so the one of the beginning sentences of this book is one of the defining sentences because because of the because of the laws of nature the universe created itself out of nothing now let's actually i have a whole class on this one sentence you know i'll not going to i'll just talk about few problems with this because the the laws of nature the universe created itself out of nothing now here what is this saying the universe created itself out of what nothing but then because of the laws of nature that means the laws of nature already exist so it's not nothing isn't it if the laws of nature already existing then it's not nothing that's that's a big problem and even if you assume the laws of nature are existing the laws of nature do not do anything okay uh quick question how much is 500 plus 700 100. do you have 1200 in your pocket 500 700 is 1200 so you have 200 in your pocket see what nonsense is it see the laws of nature the laws of mathematics don't do anything the laws of mathematics only describe the connection between causes and effects so if you had 500 in one pocket and then somebody gave you 700 then the laws of mathematics will tell you that now you will have 1200 but the laws of mathematics themselves don't do anything now somebody can be this can be a mathematician who can multiply 13 digit numbers with a twinkling of an eye but that multiplying is not going to multiply their bank account isn't it the laws of nature don't do anything say now the world cricket world cup is going to come up soon say we have the world cup finals and india pakistan matches their last ball and the we have who is india's top batsman corey so coley is batting and last ball we need a six and the baller balls and he hits the ball all goes over the boundary it's a sixer and everybody celebrates and the post match interview so they ask how did you hit a six he says by newton's laws of motion [Laughter] now that's not an explanation is it now by newton's laws of motion you could say oh he hit the ball with this force the ball and the bat collided in this angle and that's why the ball went over the boundary newton's laws of motions don't explain why the bat existed why the ball existed why the match existed why the ground existed why the boundary existed newton's laws of motion only explain that if all these are existing and if all these come in coordinated contact then what will be the result so i hope this point is clear what the laws of motion laws of motion first of all there has to be certain things which need to exist on and they need to interact both things there has to be existence and there has to be interaction and then the pattern of the interaction can be correlated by the laws of physics so as far as origin is concerned atheism can't explain anything at all so because of the laws of nature the universe created itself out of nothing well first of all you nothing is not the laws of nature and secondly in law of nature the laws of nature don't lead to anything at all so the atheistic explanation of nothing simply involves redefining nothing and it also explains nothing but now what about theism we can say so it's okay you say oh what is the explanation for you say everything came from god god is the origin but then where did god come from it's a valid question but the question is like asking even if you ask who created god is like asking who made a circle circular what do you mean who made a circle circular who made a circle circular what is the answer yeah mathematics a little more precise yeah that is the nature it's a definition you know it's it's a definition so when we ask who made god actually we are not we are not if somebody asks who made a circle circular you don't know the definition of a circle means it will be circular so the definition of god is that god is the cause of all causes if you're asking who made god that means we're not understood the idea of god that's why when we're talking about god we need to begin with definition not with depiction depiction means we might say oh the temple or in a church or somewhere god is depicted to be like this how can this be god that's that's a valid question but don't begin with the depiction begin with the definition god by definition is the source of everything the cause of all causes and if the cause of all causes had a cause then the cause of the cause of all causes is the cause of all causes so wherever this chain stops wherever the causal chain stops that is god so now does it have to stop somewhere can you have just an endless causal change going on now in atheists also from pure point of view logic they said it's not possible because it's like say if you have a hundred story building you start from the hundred hundred level this level hundred it is finite maybe 15 feet 20 feet then you come to the 99th 98 97. so each of them is finite from this is again no i'm this is a this is the class with the powerpoint and everything but i'm giving a simple argument over simply simplified expression of this argument that if you have a series of finite objects at the basis of that finite objects you have to have something which is different category like if we have 100 levels below that you have to have the ground so even from scientific perspective science is very clear that the universe has a beginning the big bang theory the specifics apart the big bang theory what it what it proved or what it or what it was based on rather not proved that the universe has a beginning now scientists are almost near unanimous about about that one thing the universe is not eternal so the universe has a beginning then what was what was there before the beginning or how did that beginning take place that question comes up so atheism does not have any explanation for how everything came from nothing now does theism have an explanation you could say that that also doesn't make sense but comparatively speaking what we could say is that if there is a being with intelligence and with energy then from that being things could manifest if somebody else how did this building come about well there was nothing in the building that doesn't make sense if there was a there's a wealthy builder with building ingredients then the building could come about so what we say is that god god is the supreme being who exists outside time and space and one of his energies is matter and with that material energy he creates everything so now what do i mean by he exists outside time and space it's like suppose somebody reads a harry potter novel all of you too old for harry potter what is the current fiction popular anything sorry game of thrones okay so okay so somebody reads a it's a book or some i thought it says it's a i know it's a tv show or a it's a movie or a tv show now yeah tv show i know about it yes of course somebody's reading what are the hunger games or something like that whatever so now if somebody i just increased okay [Laughter] so suppose we are the game of now suppose somebody reads the whole book and okay this character this character this character and then you come to know the book has an author who is the author of the author sorry thank you so suppose a child first time looks at the game of thrones and it was intrigued by it and at the end he comes to know oh this is the author and he starts reading the whole book where is the author in the book this page this page i read the whole book there's no author in the book therefore the author doesn't exist your brain doesn't exist see the author if it's a fictional narrative then the author does not exist in the narrative the author created the timeline the author created the storyline the author created the characters but the author exists outside of it so similarly god creates the the framework of space and time and god creates the mechanisms by which this framework interacts but god exists outside this framework so you might say in the in the novel you can say this character was born from this character this character came from this character this character came from this character but if you want to ask where did the author come from well the author exists in a different category so similarly god to ask god where did god come from god exists outside the cause effect chain that characterizes the material world and that's why this question indicates that you're not understood the idea of god so it's that's why i said asking the question about origin is like asking what made a circle sir or who made a circle circular circle by definition circular and god by definition exists outside the chain of cause and effect so this now you can we can say that i don't believe in god why should i believe okay fine you don't believe in god then what are you left with you have to believe that extremely complex quantum mechanical vacuum existed and from that everything came about well that from a purely rational perspective that requires far more faith now how did this quantum mechanical vacuum come about how does the quantum mechanical vacuum have the potential to create everything what activated the quantum mechanical vacuum we don't know that so it's it's a it's a much much more simpler and rational hypothesis to suggest that there is one conscious intelligent being as a source of everything rather than an unconscious vastness of quantum mechanical vacuum whose origin remains unexplainable okay so that is with respect to what is acronym oh always origins so any questions about this okay okay sorry i i have a tiny confusion uh in one of the lectures i heard that it was by going through he was mentioning that the example that you gave that the author does not exist in the book but krishna exists in the mahabharata and then he was saying that he was i don't remember exactly but he was also referring to valmiki okay that's a good question so krishna exists in the mahabharata exists in the ramada doesn't the author exist in the book yeah see there are different kinds of books now if it's autobiography obviously the author has to be there in the book the author has to be there throughout the book but um if it's a history then if the author was a character in the period of history being depicted the author will be there in the book but if it is either a history in which the author was not the author did not exist say if somebody somebody writing a history of 18th century and they are writing in the 21st century now then obviously they can't be there in the book if somebody is writing a fiction then they can't be there in that book so it depends on what kind of book we are writing and now by specifically the point of the example of a book which i gave over here is different the context is different from that context over there the context there is that while miki how did he know about the ramayana because valmiki was contemporaneous so valmiki was there and valmiki interacted with ramos so in a sense that storyline has valmiki as a character over there and when we say that god exists outside time and space whether the krishna coming in the mahabharat or krishna coming in the bhagavad-gita see one of the principles of the bhakti tradition is that god although god exists outside time and fray time and space that does not mean that he is forced to always exist outside time and space from outside the fabric of time and space he can also enter into this fabric and that is the whole concept of avatar avatar means one who descends from a higher level to this level so although god is infinite he comes within this finite realm he comes with a finite form so that is also if we say that god is omnipotent and he said oh god is infinite so he cannot come in this world well then how is he omnipotent he's omnipotent he can manifest in this world also so krishna was on the lap of mother ishoda but when she asked him to open his mouth show the whole universe so although he is within the universe still the universe is within him that is his extraordinary ability so god can manifest within the fabric of time and space but that doesn't mean that he belongs within that time and phase within that fabric he manifests over there and he becomes unmanifest from there and he has his self-existence beyond this world eternally okay thank you good question so let's move on now r is we are discussing more m was meaning o is origin so r is reason or rationality this is a little difficult to explain and maybe if you don't understand you can help me to understand what you don't understand i'll try to explain it so now atheists often say that religion is irrational and atheism is more rational okay we'll put that aside but right now let's look at which world view gives a reason for reason what does it mean by reason for reason if we look at we consider purely atheistic worldview now every point that i'm making this is i'm not going to references but there are very respected scientists and philosophers who have talked about all these points so if we consider a purely atheistic worldview where we consider evolution as a completely unguided process then evolution has has shaped us primarily for the purpose of survival evolution basically has two purposes survival and reproduction that is the purpose for which all living means are shaped now with this understanding if we are geared for survival alone then we are not biologically wired to know metaphysics our biological wiring is not to know the nature of ultimate reality our biological wiring is simply to know the nature of the immediate reality okay what can i eat and how can i mate how can i protect myself from an attacker so even it is say that you know evolution they don't talk exactly about aahar and eating sleeping mating defending but that's what they talk about is for eating taking care of the body in the needs for reproducing and protecting oneself this is what evolution has wired us for so evolution has not wired us for understanding answers to ultimate questions okay if we are just you could say biological machines who are not wired for anything like this which just wired for survival then three questions come up one is why do we want to know about the ultimate purpose throughout history there have been thinkers with thought what is the meaning of life even now today we live in an age of extraordinary distraction like today they just been described by when say social and critic as people are distracted from distraction by distraction we are watching maybe you're watching one movie which is a distraction and from that we're distracted okay let's watch another movie let's watch this so even in today's age where there's so many distractions still there are people who are asking questions what is the meaning of life what is the point of all this not many but still people are asking so if we were simply wired by evolution for survival first of all why do we get this question [Music] to whatever extent scientists have studied animals no dog asks why do i exist they don't ask the purpose so why do we humans ask we might say okay you know our brain is more and more developed our brain is bigger okay fine but asking questions about the ultimate purpose of life what what evolutionary advantage does it provide it doesn't provide any advantage in terms of surviving or reproducing at all so why do we have this capacity at all to ask big questions about life at the first point second is that why should reason work why should reason work means why should our brains have the capacity for rational thinking and how do we know that what we think by our rationality that it is for real but it is actually like that you suppose now you come to know that in the in the prasad after this program there are pakoras and say you like pakodas so now pakodas they occurred your imagination say pakoras catch your imagination and start thinking about it then what happens your tongue starts salivating now when the tongue starts salivating is that saliva rational or irrational is that saliva true or false okay that means saliva is really there but that that saliva necessarily itself talk about reality or unreality the saliva is a saliva there's a stimulus at a saliva but suppose you go after that for prasad and you find that actually the idea that the pakoda was just a rumor that no pakoras then what happened then what happened the stimulus is not there so the point i am making here is that if our tongue salivates that saliva itself is just a bodily secretion it does not tell us anything about the nature of reality the secretion of saliva doesn't tell us whether there is a particular food item out there or not it may be there it may not be there i remember once i was somewhere and i was in pune or somewhere there and then you know the devotees had after i wear the program after that and i saw there like like 25 big cake pieces i think this is amazing you know how do they make so many cakes and i said give me one i took that cake and then i ate it i realized it was bread it was a tartar's cake it looked like a cake but it was just bread so what happened is our perceptions can go wrong now these are not just perceptions there can be secretions also within us but just because a particular thing is secreted doesn't necessarily mean that it reflects anything about the nature of outer reality now within the purely atheistic world view even everything that happens in the brain is also just electrochemical secretions in the brain and just as a secretion in the tongue does not necessarily tell us anything about the nature of reality similarly a secretion in the brain doesn't tell us anything about the nature of reality so basically an atheistic worldview is also a brain secretion and a theistic worldview also the brain secretion so what hap what happens if we rigidly take a atheistic worldview to its conclusion is that there is no reason for reason that means there is no reason why reason should be able to give us by reason by resigning rationality reason should be able to help us understand reality because now in in you a particular brains particular particular ideas secret the brains and that's why you feel this is real in me something else secrets the secrets causes brain secretion and i think this is real now how do we ascertain so if there is no innate capacity within us for perceiving the truth if we are simply simply biological robots biological machines then not only does it disprove his not only it doesn't disprove but it doesn't disprove anything rather it disproves our capacity to know anything we cannot know anything at all neither theism nor atheism but you know we all seek to acquire some knowledge so if we that means here what i am trying to say is that if we consider evolution as an absolute truth evolution undercuts the authority of all knowledge even our knowledge of science and even our knowledge of evolution itself so if we take evolutionary world view to its extreme it destroys our capacity for knowing anything at all because evolution reduces all knowledge to simply brain secretions and if the brain secretions come because of some false perception that's how the brain and situations are within me that's why i think this is right that you think your brain secretions are happening that way as you think that is right there is no ultimate foundation for basis for knowing anything at all i'll give two example quickly to illustrate what i'm saying if i tell you right now i can't speak a single word of english what would be your reaction if somebody makes a notice board and there are like 100 notice notices on that and they put a notice board every notice on this notice board is false now what does that mean if every notice is false then even that notice is false isn't it that means other notices can be right so these sort of statements are called as self-contradictory statements so self-contradictory statements the very assertion of that statement is a refutation of that statement it like suppose if i say i don't exist what do you mean i have to exist to say i don't exist isn't it so each of these statements is a self-contradictory statement so that's why if we presume an atheistic worldview and consider evolution as completely an atheistic process as a completely unguided process then evolution becomes a self-contradictory assertion if everything is just neurochemical firings and brain electrochemical secretions then nothing remains true even evolution doesn't remain true you could say that okay in the history of evolution right now we think this is true but maybe in the future our brain chemicals will be secret in a different way and we come up with some other understanding so the rigidly naturalistic worldview leads to the rejection of all knowledge we can know nothing about nothing but none of us function like that we seek knowledge as a serious pursuit whether it is for urban money whether it's for developing relationships whether it's for curing diseases we seek knowledge seriously so even the most rigid eight is that's why even the most hardcore atheist does not live as an atheist if you were living as a atheist no we would be constantly having doubts you know is my understanding right am i actually seeing this person there's a thesis written in the book called the atheist who didn't exist so atheism actually undercuts the existence of everything including atheism itself so that is reason was this clear or is it too confusing yes like i think i could summarize it as like uh rationality is not causation or i will be incorrect but if i say so rationality is not causation yeah that's a state that statement is true i like it's like again laws of nature don't cause anything but what what i'm talking about is slightly different what i was saying is that if we reduce everything entirely to just unguided matter then unguided material phenomena they don't lead to any reliable cognition of anything so what do i mean by say for example some people their tongue secrete saliva when they eat a particular kind of food i was in hawaii a few months ago and there there was a couple who are hosting me so that mata is he came from bilo russia and their profession there was they would actually catch crabs and make crab food and sell it now crabs are among the few animals which are cooked alive you know fishes are at least they cut and they're cooked but the crabs if you if you cut them or kill them and they start rotting very fast germs coming so you know you cut them you just actually catch a crab and then throw it in hot water and you cook it alive horrible pain so she said i never i didn't even think about it when i came to krishna question i realized i just can't do this so the point i'm making is that somebody who has been eating craw or crabs and as soon as they see the crab fluttering and struggling for its life their mouth will start watering now for us we might get horrified how can anybody be so brutal like this now if if that is the food that causes their mouth to water well they will eat that food and somebody else some other food causes them out to water they need that so similarly my brain starts secreting chemicals when i hear this theory your brain starts securing chemicals when you hear that theory well then what is real no the brain apart from brain secretions apart from tongue secretion then nothing is real because there is nothing there is no within the atheistic world view there is no conscious observer separate from the tongue secretions of the brain secretions so materialism doesn't leave any room for a conscious observer and our understandings are simply brain secretions so so we are locked into ignorance based on whatever causes stimulation of our brain fluids that's what i'm talking about so einstein himself was very troubled by this implication he said that atheism ultimately this is one point you know you talk about theism has many rules and regulations that's true at a functional level but you may say my free will is restricted i was at interfaith meeting and then we were talking about how young people perceive religion so there was a christian pastor and he said that they did some service so one young boy says what do you think about priests they ask this question so this young boy said a priest is someone who is constantly worried that someone somewhere is having some fun [Laughter] so that was their conception don't do this don't do this don't do so many rules and regulations now that's what you may feel that religion restricts and puts rules on us but actually the very fact that rules are told to us means there is an implication that we have free will and with our free will we should follow this particular rule but atheism rejects the existence of our free will itself atheism far from giving us freedom takes away our free will itself because atheism says we are simply biological robots and we are programmed in a particular way and that's how we will act so einstein was very troubled by the implications of a rigidly atheistic world he said that the nazis who killed millions and millions of people and einstein himself was persecuted by nazis that's how he came to america so he said that you know you couldn't hold the nazis responsible if we were having a purely atheistic worldview because he says their biological programming was such that they programmed to kill now does anyone function like that no if i suddenly come up to one of you and slap you in the face why did you slap me well my my biological programming told me to slap you and you slapped me back my biological programmer told you to slap you see all of us we hold each other accountable for our actions systems of justice are based on the presumption of favor but a purely materialistic reductionistic view leaves us with no free will because we are just our brain secretions and our bodily actions there is no conscious being with we will that's why there is no way we can acquire knowledge so reason and the capacity for reason reflection and the capacity for reasonable decision making all of these are taken away by an atheistic worldview okay that that's r i'll complete conclude quickly with e e is effect now by effect ultimately we want to live in the world and which worldview helps us better to live more effectively now of course religion often comes in the press for batteries for all the bad negative reasons one of them is terrorism and all because of religion violence happened here because of religion violence happened there because the reason violence happened there yeah it's true and it's it's unfortunate but what is the solution is atheism the solution will atheism bring in paradise on earth we tried that we all talk about world war one world war ii or terrorist attacks which killed so many people but atheism was tried as a state religion in soviet russia and china and from the 1920s onwards in about 1987 or whatever in these two countries a hundred million corpses resulted and that's a conservative estimate 100 million is more than the number of people who were killed in world war one world war ii and all other wars in the 20th century so atheistic regimes killed far more people then now world war one and world war ii the religion was not a factor in that it was purely territorial grabbing power hunger for power but even if you consider all other walks combined together atheistic regimes killed people within themselves anybody was suspected of being a dissident just killed and organized killing and this same lady she told me that she's now she's married to a prabhupada disciple he was 60 65. she told me that she came to america because at that time in that when she started she got a bhagavad-gita from somebody started reading it and then at that time in the soviet world every third person was an informer so in your home itself there's a informer and she was she was just because of that she was fired from her job and she was told if unless you stop going for these meetings you know we will fire your father from his job and we will ensure that your children will not that your other brother sister will not be allowed to be in the go to any schools they'll be kicked out of the schools and your life will be held so she decided at that time instead of doing that she just left the country she came to israel and then became america but thousands and thousands of people were persecuted and killed so the point i'm making here is that history shows us very clearly that human beings are capable of violence and those who are violent those who are rajas and tamas they will look for some reason to be violent and religion can become a reason for violence atheism can become a reason for violence materialism can be an income or reason for violence race can become a reason for violence caste can become a reason for violence so there can be there can be there are people who will be violent and if we consider the as i said if you compare religion has been a prevalent force in human history for quite some time you know our oldest artifacts that science has found are religious artifacts among the oldest are the religious artifacts so religion has been around there for a very long time and again see what we are trying we are not trying to we can't conclusively prove what is right or what is wrong saying what requires more faith so according to if if science and the evolutionary theory is true then what does evolution do evolution eliminates that which is unfavorable for survival all those things are unfair for survival evolution eliminates that and those things are favorable for survival evolution pretends that so religion in the history of humankind has had tremendous staying power know people who lived thousands of years ago they lived in far more we might think our terrorists are there and they're just making so many people but we are not afraid of our tiger pouncing on us and killing us so people in the past lived in far tougher situations than what we are living at least in the historically documented past that we had and they didn't have idle time to just think about some belief if that belief were the burdening people those having that belief would have been eliminated so if a religion has survived for so many millennia it must have some utility atheism has had power just for it's increasing in power just for about a century also and the consequences have been devastating wherever atheism has been tried as a state religion it has caused utter devastation and this has been well documented that the now somebody will say actually that was not atheism that was communism but communism was strongly founded in atheism and the persecution was very much targeted in organized way against religion going beyond such extreme examples of say religious violence or atheistic violence if you look at a universal level scientists have found there's a handbook of religion health health which has compiled together 3000 studies done by people studies researchers from all over the world and is published by the by oxford oxford handbook of religion health they call it so it is the most single most authority to study on the correlation between religion health that has been done till now and it's not just a study it's a meta study which brings in together various studies across the world and what they have found is every single study indicate that religious people are more mentally and physically healthy than a religious people whether it is in terms of likelihood of getting heart attacks or strokes or whether it is in terms of depression or suicidal tendencies or in terms of succulent addictions religious people have it better in fact this has been so well documented that there is a published article called that it was that on average religious people live 11 years longer than non-released people and what do you mean how do they define religious they cannot really go into people's hearts and look at their belief system it's just that if people attend a religious program once a week that level of religious commitment they have it seems to have tremendously positive effects on health and in today's world also and i'm not going to go into the difference between religion and spirituality in elaborate way but we see that in today's world more and more people are turning towards something higher in life meditation mindfulness they i mean so many studies are proving that they benefit and many people who are not able to be to have their stress treated by conventional scientific medicines they're finding that they're better able to manage their life and their emotions by meditation i was in california and silicon valley so i spoke at um i spoke there at google as well as intel and salesforce so salesforce has a whole a whole area devoted to meditation and they have regularly mindfulness seminars conducted over there and there are so many studies here documented that such exercises actually improve the health of people and ultimately the companies are concerned about what you believe the company is concerned about how you perform and from their performance perspective people who do are a part of these exercises say mindfulness meditation they they the company has to pay less health insurance for them they perform better so instead of just looking at some isolated examples of something extremists there can be extremist atheists that can be extremist religionists but if you look at the overall effect so theism has a far greater potential to transform ourselves for the better in terms of the effect that we have we can actually make greater sense of life and greater impact is to transform our life just with one last point i'll conclude that somebody may say that oh but you know you believe in some god and then as you said god everyone expects expectations god lets you down that you know okay you you devote yourself to god and some terrible thing happens to you so one and when the atheist uses the ultimate argument against religion they call it the problem of evil if there is a good god why are so many bad things happening in life why do bad things happen to good people so once i was asked this question when i was speaking in mit massachusetts so i told i answered that okay why should bad things not happen to good people what do you mean you know good things should happen to good people bad to bad why what do you mean why say no if there is no god then why should there be any correlation between our actions and our results if there is no god there is no organizing principle that any action can lead to any result so the prob within the atheistic worldview you cannot have the problem of evil itself because everything is just interaction of chemicals there is nothing except subatomic particles moving according to impersonal forces so what is good what is evil and if a one particular particle collides with another particle particle and something which gets destroyed within the atheistic world view there is no reason why action should correlate with with a particular action correlate with a particular result so the very fact that we talk about cause effect correlation that that itself requires a theistic worldview so in terms of effect bad things can happen to anyone and there is a bigger spiritual framework which can explain this that's not our thrust over here but the thrust is over here that atheism and theism when bad things happen nobody has explanation for that in terms of our immediate perception now atheism might say just why do bad things happen oh the world is rotten this is how nature is this how it is live with it now thieves may say okay that okay it's you know it's god's will or you might say that it's karma from a previous life we don't know either way for ourselves but the difference is that in both cases the problems that we face they are as it is so there is disorder in the world but you know whenever there is disorder we don't lose faith in the principle that there is order in the universe what do i mean by this i suppose suddenly we get to go to a doctor because of some pain and doctor says we got cancer be horrified but you know cancer now there's those diseases for which the cause is almost very difficult many gets cancers causes very difficult to know but now after that what do we do he says is there any treatment for this now as soon as we ask is there any treatment for this what do we mean by that that means we are still accepting cause effect i just don't know what what caused this i don't know what caused the cancer but still i believe in cause effect and therefore i want to know by what effect this cancer can be removed what medicine should i take but we just will remember so there are some times in our life when some things don't make sense but we don't reject cause effect connection just because some things don't make sense we still keep functioning so atheism has no right to ask the question why do bad things happen to good people because atheism has no rational explanation for why action should correlate with result or anything can happen to anyone why shouldn't there be any order in the universe why should good people get good things atheism has no explanation for that so it's like it's asking a question that question has an assumption and that assumption has no explanation so atheism does not remove any problems theism also you could say now some people say we've seen karma i don't believe in that that's okay they're not going over there when bad things happen if we understand that there is some order in the universe and theism tells us that yes there are problems there will be troubles in life but there is a ultimate purpose if we live faithfully if we live in a god-centered way we will grow through this we'll grow through this and we will evolve spiritually so atheism does not remove problems atheism only removes the hope that problems have a purpose what does atheism do it only removes the hope that problems have a purpose and it just sentences us to a very gloomy pointless existence and many of the atheists like frederick nichia was the famous atheist who said god is dead he also said that life is terrible life is terrible so he said the best is if you are never born second best is if you died young the worst thing that can happen in your life is if you live for a long time alberto kamu was another atheist and he said that the world is filled with misery therefore the only philosophical question worth asking is whether to commit suicide today or tomorrow [Laughter] so atheism removes any hope for life problems everybody has to face but at least season gives us a there is a ultimate purpose there is ultimate plan we are meant to evolve spiritually and for our own living the having some purpose having some orientation is very important just as much as our body needs physical nutrition our heart needs metaphysical orientation what am i living for what is the purpose of life some purpose we all need to have but atheism removes all purpose theism provides us a meaningful purpose and as theism is atheism is much more reasonable than atheism atheism requires far more faith than atheism i quickly summarize what i spoke i spoke on this topic of atheism why atheism requires more faith than theism and i use the acronym what is it more morm was meaning so in that i talked about how stephen weinberg said that the more the universe becomes comprehensible the more it becomes more it seems to be meaningless it's like some message in some familiar script the more we decipher the script the more we start making sense of the script and the words and sentences but the message seems meaningless something is missing so what science what science does is that science offers us sensible explanations about why things happen within the universe why do fruits fall why do the temperatures rise why do certain objects conduct electricity but within an atheistic worldview science you can't explain or atheism can't explain the ultimate purpose of everything so we have islands of meaning but we are drowning in an ocean of meaninglessness so that is m then o was origin yeah so in origin i talked about how atheism explains how everything came from a thing simply by redefining nothing so that it is something and it's a complex quantum mechanical vacuum which is certainly not nothing the atheistic story of the universe's everything came from nothing existed because of nothing nothing exploded because nothing and i think you rise to everything right now what theism tells us is that where did god come from that is like asking what made a circle circular its intrinsic definition god is the cause of all causes he exists outside the causal chain just as the author of a fictional story exists outside that's outside the story so now both require faith but the idea of a unconscious quantum mechanical vacuum creating everything is eminently irrational and like by saying that because of the laws of nature the universe created itself out of nothing well it's not nothing in the laws of nature existing and laws of nature then cells don't create anything they they only explain the connection between cause and effects the universe 500 700 is 1200 doesn't create 1200 dollars in your pocket so there has to be money already existing so that that so relatively speaking for the explanation of odd for origin atheistic explanation requires far more faith then reason was that a evolution if we consider evolution to be true and we consider evolution to be entirely unguided process so there's nothing except matter existing which is what atheism holds then what happens our everything is simply just brain chemicals it's just chemical secretion and chemical secretion in the body is directed simply for survival survival and reproduction not for answering life's ultimate questions then why do we have we have that search for understanding ultimate seeking ultimate answers and secondly why do we have how can we know if anything is true or not so your tongue might get secreted on on seeing a particular food somebody else's tongue might get secret might get secret saliva on seeing crabs burning crabs boiling in water alive so now what is right what is wrong just by the tongue secretion you cannot say that so similarly the brain secretions are all that happens whenever we analyze anything so somebody's brains secretions might happen when they study theism somebody's brain situations might happen when they start when they study atheism so we don't a rigidly maturistic worldview leaves us with no reasonable reason for believing that our understanding is correct all that we have is brain secretions so that way the digitally metalistic world becomes self-contradictory like saying i don't i i can't speak a single word of english and it under we may say that religion is restrictive because it put limits on our freedom but atheism actually denies our free will itself because we are just biological robots and einstein is also troubled by this prospect and lastly e was effect in terms of effect i talked about three things if we consider extremist violence then like earlier i said the operational values and function are fundamental values so there can be atheists who are good people and they can be these who are bad people but in the cross section of human society they'll be good and bad people both and if the bad people happen to be a these they will use theism for committing violence and the bad people happen to be 18 they will use atheism complementing violence so at least in recent human history the track record of atheism is far worse than the track record of theism throughout human history in terms of murderous wars murderous campaigns that have happened 100 million corpses in less than a century no religion has that track record all religions combined together don't have the track record but you put aside extremism if you consider normal normal living so the oxford handbook of science central of religion and health has 2000 studies combined together that religious practice leads to better physical and mental health including a longer lifespan and lastly in terms of effects see all of us face problems in life why do good things happen to god bad people atheism doesn't have any right to ask this question because atheism doesn't explain why action should be correlated with the reaction so but even if we face problems and even if we don't have a satisfactory explanation for this within our framework but still what atheism is it doesn't remove the problems it only removes the hope that the problems have a purpose whereas religion is okay there are problems but they're all ultimately meant for our good for our growth and that gives us a purpose for our living so just as our body needs physical nutrition our heart needs metaphysical orientation and that is provided much more by atheistic worldview in an atheistic worldview thank you very much hare krishna so thank you for surviving this complicated class thank you thank you once again i hope many of you of discovery had our proof stock [Music] i mean we would allow to have more time to spend on question answers but just given that it's already 4 15 close

and i had another program which just got over and erased from there that is why i got delayed so we have 2 options now of course we always have unlimited options but right now we have 2 options since you already raised those issues i could address these and or i had a particular structure which i was going to speak on i can speak that and then if we have time we can address these issues how much time do you spend on these points how much how long are you discussing it is q a and talk you can go till 4 okay but how long have you been discussing this 0 just for the last 15 years that is a significant amount of time we just shared some of the points raised by many so we put that okay so how would you prefer okay so i will speak what i want and then you can have questions okay so i was just about a month and a half ago i was speaking in stanford and my topic was make a life not a living and one common question that comes up usually that is the spiritual stuff real so i was not really talking about science and spirituality i was talking about more of how a spiritual world view can help us to live life more meaningfully so but he is this real so i asked what do you mean by real is it scientific okay so then i asked okay what do you exactly mean by scientific can it be proven okay i said okay can you prove that your mother loves you what do you mean obviously my mother loves me but can you prove it what do you mean by proof you said no can you mathematically prove that your mother loves you how do you mathematically prove that that is not mathematical i know 100s of occasions in my life and my mother extended myself so much for me and i know that my mother loves me so with respect to many of the activities in our life we we have we have appropriate ways of knowing things so yes science is a very powerful tool for acquiring knowledge and with science we can understand a lot of things at the same time it is one tool for acquiring knowledge and if now if i ask you what are the temperature and what is the time in la right now now you could just google it up and find out and say it is 11 38 so okay now that is this and if if you say this i can confirm it by going on google i can call somebody and find out so basically there are the the way i can confirm what is the temperature now or what is the time now that is very different from the way we can infer that someone love us there are different ways of knowing things now with all our scientific advancement we cannot have anything called a lava meter and nowadays one of the greatest fears of people is forming relationships when we try to form a relationship there is a fear of rejection so the person abandons me betrays me so now if 2 people want to form a relationship at that time if they want to know does this person really care for me or they care for my money they care for my looks they care for what do they care for now if you want to you could just have a meter put it on their chest do you really love me yes 0 good get lost no get lost we can not have a lavo meter the love is real but it is not measurable in the same way let us say temperature or blood pressure is measurable so the point is there are different ways of knowing things and atheism often tries to reject theism by applying an inappropriate method for knowing it like i insist you prove that your mother loves to allows you and proved mathematically now how am i going to prove mathematically so if the method of knowing is not appropriate to the object of knowing then whatever knowledge we get it will be flawed if somebody says that if you can not mathematically prove that your mother loves me therefore your mother does not love you now that was invalid inference so the so now i just with this background i will talk about how faith as such is required in every walk of life and how we function with faith but we have when we are going through life we have to choose between different worldviews broadly speaking either theistic world or atheistic worldview and atheists are often aggressive saying that you are religious people you believe in some imaginary being who exists somewhere you are so irrational so often atheism claims to be intellectually superior and more rational than theism but we will see if we go deeper into the matter the reality is quite different so i will the title is order the title today does anyone remember why yes our atheism requires more faith than theism so i will use a acronym more and i will talk about 4 points so m 0 r e okay so m is meaning meaning what does it mean in this context stephen weinberg is a nobel laureate physicist and he said famously that the more the universe becomes comprehensible the more it seems meaningless the more the universe becomes comprehensible the more it seems meaningless now what does it mean by what in what sense of meaning is he talking about and what type of comprehensibility is talking about 1st let us understand the paradox in this say suppose somebody hands you a message it is very important and then you look at it and you find that it is actually in some strange script what is this this looks like some markings on paper but you ask someone you know it is in that particular script it is a sumerian script from ancient sumeria 0 really and then you start finding out what is the script what does marking mean what does this letter mean what does this word mean and gradually as you come to know about that script then what happens the more the message becomes comprehensible okay this symbol means this this particular letter this means this word this means this word this means this word and the more the message becomes comprehensible what should happen the more it should become meaningful is not it 0 i understood this word i understood this word i understood this so the more something becomes comprehensible the more it should become meaningful but suppose you struggled through and understood the script the letters the words and after that you found the whole thing does not make sense hey what is going on you could say that somebody just crazily scribbled something on paper there was never any meaning in it that could be one way of looking at it but another way would be maybe i am missing something because the scribblings are not just random the scribblings do at least each scribbling means something each letter means something each word is myself the whole thing is not making any sense then maybe i am missing something is it if the whole thing were meaningless then why should the scribblings match any script at all so the same principle applies to the study of the universe if we see the age of science more or less began with what is called the scientific revolution and newton was probably among the pioneers of course before the others were also there but newton is most famously celebrated does anyone know which is the most famous incident which says started the scientific revolution yes apple folic some people say the apple fell in front of him some people say it fell on him whichever way so i had gone i mean i want cambridge to speak on science and spirituality we pass by that same tree so that tree is preserved it is like a pilgrimage place for scientists they go and try to get inspiration 0 einstein was newton was so brilliant now certainly newton is brilliance is to be appreciated through an ordinary incident like a fruit following he inferred about the nature of gravity at the same time let us look at let us take a step back and say he asked the question what made this fruit fall so this question itself raises a question that this question has an assumption to it that means fruits do not just fall by chance newton assumed that there is some underlying order in nature and then he was trying to understand the specific mechanism of that order so if there were if he were thinking that nature was completely arbitrary random then he would not even ask that question paul davies is a skeptical scientist one of the prominent scientists in the world he said that even the most rigorous atheist begins the study of the universe with the unexplained faith that the universe has some order in it science would not be able to function if we did not believe that there is some order but all of scientific advancement is what we make repeated observations then we try to make some patterns out of those observations and in the basement patterns we make a theory and we do experiments to verify the theory but the idea when we are doing the experiments is that these observations experiments or when they think the observations is that there is some order in nature and that is the order we want to discern so the point i am making is if we consider nature to be like a message in some foreign script we find that okay okay why do objects fall like this that is because of gravity now why does the temperature rise it is because of thermodynamics okay why is current flowing through this but not through that 0 that is because of the principle of electricity something the conductor something or semiconductors some are insulators so like that science basically helps us to make sense of how nature functions and in the last few several 100 years we have been able to acquire so much knowledge which was not there a few 100 years ago however as we are understanding more and more about nature in terms of specifics okay this is how this works this is how this works this is how this works but in terms of integrated picture we are not understanding anything so okay why do fruits fall down that is because of gravity why does the temperature rise or because of thermodynamics whatever but why do we exist what is the meaning of life why does the universe exist it is meaningless there is no point to it this does not make sense if we consider nature to be like a message then each scribbling makes sense the words make sense but the whole thing does not come together so might we be missing something now you could say consider that everything is just a random scribbling without any purpose behind it is possible but then the question comes up then why would any particular scribbling so precisely match some script so another nobel laureate eugene wigner he said he has written a paper called the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences so that means this point is that maths is basically a tool which we human beings have constructed for for analyzing nature now what do you mean by tool you are constructed at a very at a very little level you can say the imaginary number square root of one it does not exist in nature so many mathematical concepts they do not literally exist in nature but why is it that concepts created by our mind correlate with how nature functions out there this correlation is very remarkable now i am taking this further a little further what i will look at the example of the script that the script means this this there are some scribblings out there and those scribblings correlate with the particular script so our mind has the ability to come up with mathematics and nature has the ability to or nature features patterns which are also in the language which are also understandable in the language of mathematics that means somebody has written the scribblings in the language that we can understand and yet the scribblings of the complete picture do not make sense so why should it be like this might we be missing something and this is how actually science functions science never within its particular search for knowledge never abandons the idea of order say for example newtonian physics for a long time it acted as a bedrock of science but till the 20th century the 20th at the start of the 20th century as scientists started studying very small and very big the microscopic and the macroscopic they found that newtonian physics did not work subatomic particles the way they moved could not understand based on based on newtonian physics and similarly very big objects moving very fast during the speed of light they also their behavior could not be understood with newtonian physics now when neutron in physics which was a bedrock of science for that that much time when it stopped working scientists did not say that 0 there is no order in nature they said maybe we are missing something maybe there is some bigger order of which we are understanding some part and that is how scientists developed 2 different theories does anyone know which one relativity is for the macroscopic for the big objects and for the microscopic quantum physics yes thank you so basically what happened is it is science operates on the faith that the nature features meaning and here is one important point i am making in this i am not saying is a science against theism rather science is a tool for acquired knowledge theism is here atheism is here atheism often acts as a parasite on science that means atheism claims credibility based on science but as i said for science to function there is a presumption that there is order in nature and atheism has no explanation for that presumption so we are not pitting theism against science we have seen science as a tool for acquiring knowledge and it is phenomenally powerful and the validity of science itself which does this theism make science more valid or does atheism make science more valid make more valid means the working of science which world view makes more sense so with atheism there is no reason why science should work yeah i hope this point is clear if newton had been an atheist he would not even have asked the question what made the fruit fall this thing just happened so science started and science is sustained by the faith that nature has order and nature feature some order where does the order of the nature come from that is best explained by a theistic world view rather than an atheistic world view okay so as i said i am going to talk about this 4 points and this is a little heavy discussion so i would prefer that we break it apart and if you have any questions right now after mor each of these we can have some questions and then we can move forward so any comments or questions till now yes please like because we are talking about faith and atheism in context so do you think that it could also be that a at one point like science can agree with the religious views and perspective and we can actually function together right because right now we have seen that you know the the thesis and the atheists they are like separating a more a bit more in like 90s they were at least much more closer and working together right so do you think it is possible because in meantime whether you follow religion or you follow scientific principles the point for us is to understand the meaning of life and how to lead it in a better way because okay i have seen a couple they were like okay we are atheist but we still have faith in each other and they were like the faith was not such strong they are like the woman can ask his husband any time i can i unload on you because you know it is human nature you get angry sometimes and if husband says no she will stop it off if husband agrees then she will just unload and then the husband will ignore that part right so i think faith is still there because we are talking about the meaning of faith itself and so faith can not be just in god it can also be between people and faith in machines as well right if i have faith in chronological transit system i can come over here right so in that context okay good question so there are many points in this question but it is some i will address some of them the 1st is that ultimately we want to live we want to live a meaningful good life so can he can atheist these come together in the pursuit of a good life and atheists might also be very understanding with each other and they might care for each other and they might be able to live well yes so there is a question that can atheists be good people and as a different question can atheism make people good they are 2 different questions so can atheists be good people definitely that can be because ultimately our worldview specifically our you could use our belief system our world view that is only one part of who we are so the bhagavata explains that there are 3 modes of material nature sattva rajasthanis goodness passion and ignorance and broadly speaking what does it mean that some people make things happen some people watch things happen and some people wonder what happened so that is goodness passion ignorance these are thoughtful people they think they plan not these people goodness they are thoughtful people they think and make things happen those are impassioned they just run around doing this doing this doing that and they do not think or plan they do one thing but another thing goes wrong another this happened and they just make a mess of things and people are ignorant just lost in their own heads maybe drunk or and basically they are just not even aware of what is happening around them so now this division of human psychology the gives it independent of one is spiritual orientation so you could have a thesis who is an ignorance that means somebody claims to believe in god but they are violent intolerant they are irrational and you can have a atheist who may be in goodness and they might be very calm very reasonable very sensitive very nature loving so this we could talk about 22 terms over here there are operational values and there are foundational values so operational values means how we live in the world foundational values means what is it that we ultimately believe about the world what what is the foundation of our life so another one example to understand this could be that say that if somebody is driving a car so operational value means how well do they drive the car foundational value means where are they going by driving so if somebody is lost about where they are going i mean they are driving very smoothly following all the rules taking excellent care of the car not not troubling the other drivers by here by haywire driving they are driving very well so in terms of the perspective on the road see this person is very good driver and that person is a terrible driver somebody might be a very poor driver but they might be driving to the right destination now of course whether they will get there or not that is a different question they are driving poorly they might cause a break so like so all of us we have functional or functional of operational values and we have foundational fundamental values so in terms of functional values all of us fall somewhere in the spectrum of the 3 modes goodness passion ignorance so to the extent people come to goodness there can be reasonable discussion and there can be also respectful disagreement as i said we can agree to disagree was at an interfaith conference in washington dc recently and there was a muslim over there so he was telling me that that you know i can communicate better with moderates from other traditions then with extremists from my own tradition so extremist means those who are in passion or ignorance they are intolerant they just even moderate although you might have one particular category these are all these are hindus or these are muslims or these are christians or even these are atheists but that is sometimes theism or religion is such a big category that it can be very unhelpful within religion you can have the amish people who you know there was a movie about called amish grace where there was some serial killer who rushed into an amish school and killed any of the children and the armies chose to forgive him and he killed himself they went not only forget they forgave him but they went off and offered their support and assistance to his widow and his children so now they are also religious and we can have we can have jihadis who not only kill those innocent children but they use children to kill children many of these terrorists were indoctrinated by 16 17 15 and they use them to kill others so the religion is such a big category you know what do you mean by religion i may say by religion i am talking about the amish and somebody might be talking about the jihadis so you are not talking about the same thing at all that is why we have to look at what are the functional values from the functional perspective in the world when we are living the functional values are very important and in that sense a atheist might live more harmoniously if the ethicist and goodness and the thiest might live less harmoniously more disharmoniously the taste is in passion or ignorance so to the extent our consciousness arises rises upwards we become more thoughtful more reflective the to the extent we come to goodness we all can live with our differences more harmoniously and so can atheists be good people definitely but can atheism make people good i will talk about this more in the last e more he is going to have that but atheism itself does not contain any imperative for inner transformation so if theism is understood properly if i understand that i am accountable to god and each of my actions i will be responsible for them then there is an impetus for inner transformation so atheists can be good people and thieves can be bad people that is possible but if we can if instead of comparing good atheists with bad bad thieves we compare bad atheists with bad atheists and we compare good good thieves with good atheists then the impetus for transformation is more in if we have a theistic worldview the impetus and the capability the resources also i will come to that later but yes in respect of our world views if we come more to goodness then we can all live more harmoniously okay thank you i have one more question yeah we are talking about meaning right about what the meaning like for example so why that kind of explanation is not there in scriptures in or is it there we do not know about it okay refer to that okay so say we talked about newton and theory of gravity by by that kind of explanation not there in scripture see each book has its particular purpose and if you look at the book itself it is telling its purpose say for example arjun when he is asked at the start of the bhagavad gita is asking a particular question say if you come for a class and it is a question answer session and you came after the question was asked when you are hearing the answer you may understand each point but what is this what is the whole point we discuss you will not be able to understand that is not it so to understand the bhagavata we have to understand what is the question to which the gita is the answer and the question is i am asking you what is dharma dharma means how what is the right way to live what is the right course of action so the the bhagavad gita is not a book talking about the physical nature of the universe the bhagavad gita is a book talking about the right course of action bhagavatam if we consider it is spoken to a king who is about to die and the thrust of the bhagavatam is what how to prepare your consciousness when you are going to die how to remember the eternal when we are ending our stay in the temporal so now the whole bhagavatam is centered on that purpose and no book can have all knowledge about everything and if somebody is reading say a book about english grammar and then you ask you know why is their own knowledge of physics in this it is a book about english grammar if you want to study physics go to some other branch so galileo famously said that that science tells us how the heavens go religion tells us how to go to the heavens how the heavens go means how do the planets move that is what science tells us but how to go to the heavens means how to raise your consciousness and go to a higher level of existence so so these are 2 distinct bodies of knowledge and now some people may say that 0 scripture also contains the scientific knowledge yeah it may contain but if we position scripture and science as competitors by doing that we devalue scripture scripture is not here to give a scientific knowledge scientific knowledge is a very powerful way of acquiring knowledge a powerful tool for acquiring knowledge but science gives us knowledge about a particular portion of reality what is the portion of reality that is science tells us science operates based on a phenomenon we call as methodological naturalism methodological naturalism means science provides us material explanations for material phenomena or natural explanations for natural phenomena that means that newton saw the fruit falling and now he could have said what made the fruit fall god made the fruit fall now he accepted the existence of god he also he also famously said that now the orderly nature of the solar system this could not have come without a great intelligence being behind that but when he is looking for an explanation he is not looking he when he is studying studying it as a scientist he is not looking for god as explanation he is not rejecting order the explanation but he is looking for the material mechanism so a material mechanism and an intelligent agent these 2 are not contradictory they are complementary it is like suppose ah so did all of you have lunch or you are going to have some food after this okay okay so suppose you had suppose you are going to be prasad after this because though suppose prasad is there now but now if something is cooked very nicely now you may somebody may want to know okay who cooked this and that is a valid question and somebody may want to know what is the recipe for this what are the ingredients what is the process now knowing the recipe and knowing the cook they are too complimentary knowledges is not it they are not contradictory just because i have a recipe does not mean i do not need a cook and just because i have cooked does not mean i do not need a recipe both are valid so if i want to develop a personally personal relationship with the with the person who made that then i will ask about that and ask about the cook but i also want to cook i say i just need the recipe then so science basically asks for the recipe science does not ask about the cook so at least newton did not deny the existence of cook he accepted as a cook but i want to know the recipe but what happened subsequent generations of scientists science science or more you could say in the subsequent generations atheists started taking over science and then they started saying if you just have the ingredients why do you need to cook so that is how science started becoming atheistic or rather atheist started taking over science now even now in america survey that ah done that about 50% of scientists are these 50% atheists now you can define theism in a lose way specific you can say personal god or just some over over overseeing some kind of organizing intelligence is different so the point is that scripture we we do not go to scripture to seek scientific knowledge we go to scripture to learn about how to raise our consciousness so these are 2 different branches of knowledge and if you understand their domains then the conflict can be significantly avoided there might be some areas of conflict and there has to be some intelligent resolution of that but overall they are 2 different domains of knowledge one way i put it is that science can make things better spirituality can make people better science can transform the outer world and spirituality can transform our inner world let us answer your question thank you any other questions to know okay so let us move on what is the acronym we are discussing more m was meaning okay thank you now 0 is origin origin means that why does anything exist at all now atheists often argue this question that okay if god made everything and who made god and i will come to the answer to that question quickly but let us look at the alternative that atheism offers us earlier i said meaning is say it is like a message it is like a message written in a particular script and the script is making sense but the whole message is not making sense so one way to make sense would be let us go behind and look at who sent the message so where did the universe where did everything come from so what is the atheistic explanation for this you can have many big big terms but if you can remove all the names of big theories or whatever the essential explanation of atheism for the origin of the universe is this nothing existed because of nothing nothing exploded because of nothing and nothing gave rise to everything 3 sentences that is all nothing existed because of nothing nothing exploded because of nothing and nothing gave rise to everything it is spectacularly reasonable is not it it just does not make any sense as a physicist there is a scientist cross or crosc it is kra uss so he wrote a book called how everything came from nothing and now that book was hyped up by atheists but even there are there are scientists who are in authors they reviewed that book and basically his whole book what is he doing he is not explaining how everything came from nothing he is basically redefining nothing so that it is something what is he doing he says that nothing is a complex quantum mechanical vacuum that requires pages and pages of the most abstract mathematics to describe and from that nothing something came about but that only begs the question where did that nothing come from so that is not nothing as is ordinarily understood so what suggests they are putting nothing in double quotes we do not explain anything is not it that is what they are doing redefining nothing so basically within the atheistic worldview why does anything exist at all that that is not explainable and we could further say that that nothing is nothing has to have the potentiality to manifest everything so where did it come from stephen hawking was a brilliant scientist and he was a very poor philosopher in his area he was brilliant but what happens sometimes scientists because of overconfidence they out step out of their directory so he he wrote a book called the grand design and what is the thesis of that book basically the design is so grand that it does not require a designer at the thesis of the book but that book is filled with so many terrible paradoxes and there are scientists themselves who have had strong issues with the book so the one of the beginning sentences of this book is one of the defining sentences because because of the because of the laws of nature the universe created itself out of nothing now let us actually i have a whole class on this one sentence you know i will not going to i will just talk about few problems with this because the the laws of nature the universe created itself out of nothing now here what is this saying the universe created itself out of what nothing but then because of the laws of nature that means the laws of nature already exist so it is not nothing is not it if the laws of nature already existing then it is not nothing that is that is a big problem and even if you assume the laws of nature are existing the laws of nature do not do anything okay quick question how much is 500 700 100 do you have 1200 in your pocket 500 700 is 1200 so you have 200 in your pocket see what nonsense is it see the laws of nature the laws of mathematics do not do anything the laws of mathematics only describe the connection between causes and effects so if you had 500 in one pocket and then somebody gave you 700 then the laws of mathematics will tell you that now you will have 1200 but the laws of mathematics themselves do not do anything now somebody can be this can be a mathematician who can multiply 13 digit numbers with a twinkling of an eye but that multiplying is not going to multiply their bank account is not it the laws of nature do not do anything say now the world cricket world cup is going to come up soon say we have the world cup finals and india pakistan matches their last ball and the we have who is india is top batsman corey so coley is batting and last ball we need a 6 and the baller balls and he hits the ball all goes over the boundary it is a sixer and everybody celebrates and the post match interview so they ask how did you hit a 6 he says by newton is laws of motion now that is not an explanation is it now by newton is laws of motion you could say 0 he hit the ball with this force the ball and the bat collided in this angle and that is why the ball went over the boundary newton is laws of motions do not explain why the bat existed why the ball existed why the match existed why the ground existed why the boundary existed newton is laws of motion only explain that if all these are existing and if all these come in coordinated contact then what will be the result so i hope this point is clear what the laws of motion laws of motion 1st of all there has to be certain things which need to exist on and they need to interact both things there has to be existence and there has to be interaction and then the pattern of the interaction can be correlated by the laws of physics so as far as origin is concerned atheism can not explain anything at all so because of the laws of nature the universe created itself out of nothing well 1st of all you nothing is not the laws of nature and secondly in law of nature the laws of nature do not lead to anything at all so the atheistic explanation of nothing simply involves redefining nothing and it also explains nothing but now what about theism we can say so it is okay you say 0 what is the explanation for you say everything came from god god is the origin but then where did god come from it is a valid question but the question is like asking even if you ask who created god is like asking who made a circle circular what do you mean who made a circle circular who made a circle circular what is the answer yeah mathematics a little more precise yeah that is the nature it is a definition you know it is it is a definition so when we ask who made god actually we are not we are not if somebody asks who made a circle circular you do not know the definition of a circle means it will be circular so the definition of god is that god is the cause of all causes if you are asking who made god that means we are not understood the idea of god that is why when we are talking about god we need to begin with definition not with depiction depiction means we might say 0 the temple or in a church or somewhere god is depicted to be like this how can this be god that is that is a valid question but do not begin with the depiction begin with the definition god by definition is the source of everything the cause of all causes and if the cause of all causes had a cause then the cause of the cause of all causes is the cause of all causes so wherever this chain stops wherever the causal chain stops that is god so now does it have to stop somewhere can you have just an endless causal change going on now in atheists also from pure point of view logic they said it is not possible because it is like say if you have a 100 story building you start from the 10000 level this level 100 it is finite maybe 15 feet 20 feet then you come to the 99th 98 97 so each of them is finite from this is again no i am this is a this is the class with the powerpoint and everything but i am giving a simple argument over simply simplified expression of this argument that if you have a series of finite objects at the basis of that finite objects you have to have something which is different category like if we have 100 levels below that you have to have the ground so even from scientific perspective science is very clear that the universe has a beginning the big bang theory the specifics apart the big bang theory what it what it proved or what it or what it was based on rather not proved that the universe has a beginning now scientists are almost near unanimous about about that one thing the universe is not eternal so the universe has a beginning then what was what was there before the beginning or how did that beginning take place that question comes up so atheism does not have any explanation for how everything came from nothing now does theism have an explanation you could say that that also does not make sense but comparatively speaking what we could say is that if there is a being with intelligence and with energy then from that being things could manifest if somebody else how did this building come about well there was nothing in the building that does not make sense if there was a there is a wealthy builder with building ingredients then the building could come about so what we say is that god god is the supreme being who exists outside time and space and one of his energies is matter and with that material energy he creates everything so now what do i mean by he exists outside time and space it is like suppose somebody reads a harry potter novel all of you too old for harry potter what is the current fiction popular anything sorry game of thrones okay so okay so somebody reads a it is a book or some i thought it says it is a i know it is a tv show or a it is a movie or a tv show now yeah tv show i know about it yes of course somebody is reading what are the hunger games or something like that whatever so now if somebody i just increased okay so suppose we are the game of now suppose somebody reads the whole book and okay this character this character this character and then you come to know the book has an author who is the author of the author sorry thank you so suppose a child 1st time looks at the game of thrones and it was intrigued by it and at the end he comes to know 0 this is the author and he starts reading the whole book where is the author in the book this page this page i read the whole book there is no author in the book therefore the author does not exist your brain does not exist see the author if it is a fictional narrative then the author does not exist in the narrative the author created the timeline the author created the storyline the author created the characters but the author exists outside of it so similarly god creates the the framework of space and time and god creates the mechanisms by which this framework interacts but god exists outside this framework so you might say in the in the novel you can say this character was born from this character this character came from this character this character came from this character but if you want to ask where did the author come from well the author exists in a different category so similarly god to ask god where did god come from god exists outside the cause effect chain that characterizes the material world and that is why this question indicates that you are not understood the idea of god so it is that is why i said asking the question about origin is like asking what made a circle sir or who made a circle circular circle by definition circular and god by definition exists outside the chain of cause and effect so this now you can we can say that i do not believe in god why should i believe okay fine you do not believe in god then what are you left with you have to believe that extremely complex quantum mechanical vacuum existed and from that everything came about well that from a purely rational perspective that requires far more faith now how did this quantum mechanical vacuum come about how does the quantum mechanical vacuum have the potential to create everything what activated the quantum mechanical vacuum we do not know that so it is it is a it is a much much more simpler and rational hypothesis to suggest that there is one conscious intelligent being as a source of everything rather than an unconscious vastness of quantum mechanical vacuum whose origin remains unexplainable okay so that is with respect to what is acronym 0 always origins so any questions about this okay okay sorry i i have a tiny confusion in one of the lectures i heard that it was by going through he was mentioning that the example that you gave that the author does not exist in the book but krishna exists in the mahabharata and then he was saying that he was i do not remember exactly but he was also referring to valmiki okay that is a good question so krishna exists in the mahabharata exists in the ramada does not the author exist in the book yeah see there are different kinds of books now if it is autobiography obviously the author has to be there in the book the author has to be there throughout the book but if it is a history then if the author was a character in the period of history being depicted the author will be there in the book but if it is either a history in which the author was not the author did not exist say if somebody somebody writing a history of 18th century and they are writing in the 21st century now then obviously they can not be there in the book if somebody is writing a fiction then they can not be there in that book so it depends on what kind of book we are writing and now by specifically the point of the example of a book which i gave over here is different the context is different from that context over there the context there is that while miki how did he know about the ramayana because valmiki was contemporaneous so valmiki was there and valmiki interacted with ramos so in a sense that storyline has valmiki as a character over there and when we say that god exists outside time and space whether the krishna coming in the mahabharat or krishna coming in the bhagavad gita see one of the principles of the bhakti tradition is that god although god exists outside time and fray time and space that does not mean that he is forced to always exist outside time and space from outside the fabric of time and space he can also enter into this fabric and that is the whole concept of avatar avatar means one who descends from a higher level to this level so although god is infinite he comes within this finite realm he comes with a finite form so that is also if we say that god is omnipotent and he said 0 god is infinite so he cannot come in this world well then how is he omnipotent he is omnipotent he can manifest in this world also so krishna was on the lap of mother ishoda but when she asked him to open his mouth show the whole universe so although he is within the universe still the universe is within him that is his extraordinary ability so god can manifest within the fabric of time and space but that does not mean that he belongs within that time and phase within that fabric he manifests over there and he becomes unmanifest from there and he has his self existence beyond this world eternally okay thank you good question so let us move on now r is we are discussing more m was meaning 0 is origin so r is reason or rationality this is a little difficult to explain and maybe if you do not understand you can help me to understand what you do not understand i will try to explain it so now atheists often say that religion is irrational and atheism is more rational okay we will put that aside but right now let us look at which world view gives a reason for reason what does it mean by reason for reason if we look at we consider purely atheistic worldview now every point that i am making this is i am not going to references but there are very respected scientists and philosophers who have talked about all these points so if we consider a purely atheistic worldview where we consider evolution as a completely unguided process then evolution has has shaped us primarily for the purpose of survival evolution basically has 2 purposes survival and reproduction that is the purpose for which all living means are shaped now with this understanding if we are geared for survival alone then we are not biologically wired to know metaphysics our biological wiring is not to know the nature of ultimate reality our biological wiring is simply to know the nature of the immediate reality okay what can i eat and how can i mate how can i protect myself from an attacker so even it is say that you know evolution they do not talk exactly about aahar and eating sleeping mating defending but that is what they talk about is for eating taking care of the body in the needs for reproducing and protecting oneself this is what evolution has wired us for so evolution has not wired us for understanding answers to ultimate questions okay if we are just you could say biological machines who are not wired for anything like this which just wired for survival then 3 questions come up one is why do we want to know about the ultimate purpose throughout history there have been thinkers with thought what is the meaning of life even now today we live in an age of extraordinary distraction like today they just been described by when say social and critic as people are distracted from distraction by distraction we are watching maybe you are watching one movie which is a distraction and from that we are distracted okay let us watch another movie let us watch this so even in today is age where there is so many distractions still there are people who are asking questions what is the meaning of life what is the point of all this not many but still people are asking so if we were simply wired by evolution for survival 1st of all why do we get this question to whatever extent scientists have studied animals no dog asks why do i exist they do not ask the purpose so why do we humans ask we might say okay you know our brain is more and more developed our brain is bigger okay fine but asking questions about the ultimate purpose of life what what evolutionary advantage does it provide it does not provide any advantage in terms of surviving or reproducing at all so why do we have this capacity at all to ask big questions about life at the 1st 2nd is that why should reason work why should reason work means why should our brains have the capacity for rational thinking and how do we know that what we think by our rationality that it is for real but it is actually like that you suppose now you come to know that in the in the prasad after this program there are pakoras and say you like pakodas so now pakodas they occurred your imagination say pakoras catch your imagination and start thinking about it then what happens your tongue starts salivating now when the tongue starts salivating is that saliva rational or irrational is that saliva true or false okay that means saliva is really there but that that saliva necessarily itself talk about reality or unreality the saliva is a saliva there is a stimulus at a saliva but suppose you go after that for prasad and you find that actually the idea that the pakoda was just a rumor that no pakoras then what happened then what happened the stimulus is not there so the point i am making here is that if our tongue salivates that saliva itself is just a bodily secretion it does not tell us anything about the nature of reality the secretion of saliva does not tell us whether there is a particular food item out there or not it may be there it may not be there i remember once i was somewhere and i was in pune or somewhere there and then you know the devotees had after i wear the program after that and i saw there like like 25 big cake pieces i think this is amazing you know how do they make so many cakes and i said give me one i took that cake and then i ate it i realized it was bread it was a tartar is cake it looked like a cake but it was just bread so what happened is our perceptions can go wrong now these are not just perceptions there can be secretions also within us but just because a particular thing is secreted does not necessarily mean that it reflects anything about the nature of outer reality now within the purely atheistic world view even everything that happens in the brain is also just electrochemical secretions in the brain and just as a secretion in the tongue does not necessarily tell us anything about the nature of reality similarly a secretion in the brain does not tell us anything about the nature of reality so basically an atheistic worldview is also a brain secretion and a theistic worldview also the brain secretion so what hap what happens if we rigidly take a atheistic worldview to its conclusion is that there is no reason for reason that means there is no reason why reason should be able to give us by reason by resigning rationality reason should be able to help us understand reality because now in in you a particular brains particular particular ideas secret the brains and that is why you feel this is real in me something else secrets the secrets causes brain secretion and i think this is real now how do we ascertain so if there is no innate capacity within us for perceiving the truth if we are simply simply biological robots biological machines then not only does it disprove his not only it does not disprove but it does not disprove anything rather it disproves our capacity to know anything we cannot know anything at all neither theism nor atheism but you know we all seek to acquire some knowledge so if we that means here what i am trying to say is that if we consider evolution as an absolute truth evolution undercuts the authority of all knowledge even our knowledge of science and even our knowledge of evolution itself so if we take evolutionary world view to its extreme it destroys our capacity for knowing anything at all because evolution reduces all knowledge to simply brain secretions and if the brain secretions come because of some false perception that is how the brain and situations are within me that is why i think this is right that you think your brain secretions are happening that way as you think that is right there is no ultimate foundation for basis for knowing anything at all i will give 2 example quickly to illustrate what i am saying if i tell you right now i can not speak a single word of english what would be your reaction if somebody makes a notice board and there are like 100 notice notices on that and they put a notice board every notice on this notice board is false now what does that mean if every notice is false then even that notice is false is not it that means other notices can be right so these sort of statements are called as self contradictory statements so self contradictory statements the very assertion of that statement is a refutation of that statement it like suppose if i say i do not exist what do you mean i have to exist to say i do not exist is not it so each of these statements is a self contradictory statement so that is why if we presume an atheistic worldview and consider evolution as completely an atheistic process as a completely unguided process then evolution becomes a self contradictory assertion if everything is just neurochemical firings and brain electrochemical secretions then nothing remains true even evolution does not remain true you could say that okay in the history of evolution right now we think this is true but maybe in the future our brain chemicals will be secret in a different way and we come up with some other understanding so the rigidly naturalistic worldview leads to the rejection of all knowledge we can know nothing about nothing but none of us function like that we seek knowledge as a serious pursuit whether it is for urban money whether it is for developing relationships whether it is for curing diseases we seek knowledge seriously so even the most rigid 8 is that is why even the most hardcore atheist does not live as an atheist if you were living as a atheist no we would be constantly having doubts you know is my understanding right am i actually seeing this person there is a thesis written in the book called the atheist who did not exist so atheism actually undercuts the existence of everything including atheism itself so that is reason was this clear or is it too confusing yes like i think i could summarize it as like rationality is not causation or i will be incorrect but if i say so rationality is not causation yeah that is a state that statement is true i like it is like again laws of nature do not cause anything but what what i am talking about is slightly different what i was saying is that if we reduce everything entirely to just unguided matter then unguided material phenomena they do not lead to any reliable cognition of anything so what do i mean by say for example some people their tongue secrete saliva when they eat a particular kind of food i was in hawaii a few months ago and there there was a couple who are hosting me so that mata is he came from bilo russia and their profession there was they would actually catch crabs and make crab food and sell it now crabs are among the few animals which are cooked alive you know fishes are at least they cut and they are cooked but the crabs if you if you cut them or kill them and they start rotting very fast germs coming so you know you cut them you just actually catch a crab and then throw it in hot water and you cook it alive horrible pain so she said i never i did not even think about it when i came to krishna question i realized i just can not do this so the point i am making is that somebody who has been eating craw or crabs and as soon as they see the crab fluttering and struggling for its life their mouth will start watering now for us we might get horrified how can anybody be so brutal like this now if if that is the food that causes their mouth to water well they will eat that food and somebody else some other food causes them out to water they need that so similarly my brain starts secreting chemicals when i hear this theory your brain starts securing chemicals when you hear that theory well then what is real no the brain apart from brain secretions apart from tongue secretion then nothing is real because there is nothing there is no within the atheistic world view there is no conscious observer separate from the tongue secretions of the brain secretions so materialism does not leave any room for a conscious observer and our understandings are simply brain secretions so so we are locked into ignorance based on whatever causes stimulation of our brain fluids that is what i am talking about so einstein himself was very troubled by this implication he said that atheism ultimately this is one point you know you talk about theism has many rules and regulations that is true at a functional level but you may say my free will is restricted i was at interfaith meeting and then we were talking about how young people perceive religion so there was a christian pastor and he said that they did some service so one young boy says what do you think about priests they ask this question so this young boy said a priest is someone who is constantly worried that someone somewhere is having some fun so that was their conception do not do this do not do this do not do so many rules and regulations now that is what you may feel that religion restricts and puts rules on us but actually the very fact that rules are told to us means there is an implication that we have free will and with our free will we should follow this particular rule but atheism rejects the existence of our free will itself atheism far from giving us freedom takes away our free will itself because atheism says we are simply biological robots and we are programmed in a particular way and that is how we will act so einstein was very troubled by the implications of a rigidly atheistic world he said that the nazis who killed 1000000s and 1000000s of people and einstein himself was persecuted by nazis that is how he came to america so he said that you know you could not hold the nazis responsible if we were having a purely atheistic worldview because he says their biological programming was such that they programmed to kill now does anyone function like that no if i suddenly come up to one of you and slap you in the face why did you slap me well my my biological programming told me to slap you and you slapped me back my biological programmer told you to slap you see all of us we hold each other accountable for our actions systems of justice are based on the presumption of favor but a purely materialistic reductionistic view leaves us with no free will because we are just our brain secretions and our bodily actions there is no conscious being with we will that is why there is no way we can acquire knowledge so reason and the capacity for reason reflection and the capacity for reasonable decision making all of these are taken away by an atheistic worldview okay that that is r i will complete conclude quickly with e e is effect now by effect ultimately we want to live in the world and which worldview helps us better to live more effectively now of course religion often comes in the press for batteries for all the bad negative reasons one of them is terrorism and all because of religion violence happened here because of religion violence happened there because the reason violence happened there yeah it is true and it is it is unfortunate but what is the solution is atheism the solution will atheism bring in paradise on earth we tried that we all talk about world war one world war ii or terrorist attacks which killed so many people but atheism was tried as a state religion in soviet russia and china and from the 1920s onwards in about 1987 or whatever in these 2 countries a 100000000 corpses resulted and that is a conservative estimate 100000000 is more than the number of people who were killed in world war one world war ii and all other wars in the 20th century so atheistic regimes killed far more people then now world war one and world war ii the religion was not a factor in that it was purely territorial grabbing power hunger for power but even if you consider all other walks combined together atheistic regimes killed people within themselves anybody was suspected of being a dissident just killed and organized killing and this same lady she told me that she is now she is married to a prabhupada disciple he was 60 65 she told me that she came to america because at that time in that when she started she got a bhagavad gita from somebody started reading it and then at that time in the soviet world every 3rd person was an informer so in your home itself there is a informer and she was she was just because of that she was fired from her job and she was told if unless you stop going for these meetings you know we will fire your father from his job and we will ensure that your children will not that your other brother sister will not be allowed to be in the go to any schools they will be kicked out of the schools and your life will be held so she decided at that time instead of doing that she just left the country she came to israel and then became america but 1000s and 1000s of people were persecuted and killed so the point i am making here is that history shows us very clearly that human beings are capable of violence and those who are violent those who are rajas and tamas they will look for some reason to be violent and religion can become a reason for violence atheism can become a reason for violence materialism can be an income or reason for violence race can become a reason for violence caste can become a reason for violence so there can be there can be there are people who will be violent and if we consider the as i said if you compare religion has been a prevalent force in human history for quite some time you know our oldest artifacts that science has found are religious artifacts among the oldest are the religious artifacts so religion has been around there for a very long time and again see what we are trying we are not trying to we can not conclusively prove what is right or what is wrong saying what requires more faith so according to if if science and the evolutionary theory is true then what does evolution do evolution eliminates that which is unfavorable for survival all those things are unfair for survival evolution eliminates that and those things are favorable for survival evolution pretends that so religion in the history of humankind has had tremendous staying power know people who lived 1000s of years ago they lived in far more we might think our terrorists are there and they are just making so many people but we are not afraid of our tiger pouncing on us and killing us so people in the past lived in far tougher situations than what we are living at least in the historically documented past that we had and they did not have idle time to just think about some belief if that belief were the burdening people those having that belief would have been eliminated so if a religion has survived for so many millennia it must have some utility atheism has had power just for it is increasing in power just for about a century also and the consequences have been devastating wherever atheism has been tried as a state religion it has caused utter devastation and this has been well documented that the now somebody will say actually that was not atheism that was communism but communism was strongly founded in atheism and the persecution was very much targeted in organized way against religion going beyond such extreme examples of say religious violence or atheistic violence if you look at a universal level scientists have found there is a handbook of religion health health which has compiled together 3000 studies done by people studies researchers from all over the world and is published by the by oxford oxford handbook of religion health they call it so it is the most single most authority to study on the correlation between religion health that has been done till now and it is not just a study it is a meta study which brings in together various studies across the world and what they have found is every single study indicate that religious people are more mentally and physically healthy than a religious people whether it is in terms of likelihood of getting heart attacks or strokes or whether it is in terms of depression or suicidal tendencies or in terms of succulent addictions religious people have it better in fact this has been so well documented that there is a published article called that it was that on average religious people live 11 years longer than non released people and what do you mean how do they define religious they cannot really go into people is hearts and look at their belief system it is just that if people attend a religious program once a week that level of religious commitment they have it seems to have tremendously positive effects on health and in today is world also and i am not going to go into the difference between religion and spirituality in elaborate way but we see that in today is world more and more people are turning towards something higher in life meditation mindfulness they i mean so many studies are proving that they benefit and many people who are not able to be to have their stress treated by conventional scientific medicines they are finding that they are better able to manage their life and their emotions by meditation i was in california and silicon valley so i spoke at i spoke there at google as well as intel and salesforce so salesforce has a whole a whole area devoted to meditation and they have regularly mindfulness seminars conducted over there and there are so many studies here documented that such exercises actually improve the health of people and ultimately the companies are concerned about what you believe the company is concerned about how you perform and from their performance perspective people who do are a part of these exercises say mindfulness meditation they they the company has to pay less health insurance for them they perform better so instead of just looking at some isolated examples of something extremists there can be extremist atheists that can be extremist religionists but if you look at the overall effect so theism has a far greater potential to transform ourselves for the better in terms of the effect that we have we can actually make greater sense of life and greater impact is to transform our life just with one last point i will conclude that somebody may say that 0 but you know you believe in some god and then as you said god everyone expects expectations god lets you down that you know okay you you devote yourself to god and some terrible thing happens to you so one and when the atheist uses the ultimate argument against religion they call it the problem of evil if there is a good god why are so many bad things happening in life why do bad things happen to good people so once i was asked this question when i was speaking in mit massachusetts so i told i answered that okay why should bad things not happen to good people what do you mean you know good things should happen to good people bad to bad why what do you mean why say no if there is no god then why should there be any correlation between our actions and our results if there is no god there is no organizing principle that any action can lead to any result so the prob within the atheistic worldview you cannot have the problem of evil itself because everything is just interaction of chemicals there is nothing except subatomic particles moving according to impersonal forces so what is good what is evil and if a one particular particle collides with another particle particle and something which gets destroyed within the atheistic world view there is no reason why action should correlate with with a particular action correlate with a particular result so the very fact that we talk about cause effect correlation that that itself requires a theistic worldview so in terms of effect bad things can happen to anyone and there is a bigger spiritual framework which can explain this that is not our thrust over here but the thrust is over here that atheism and theism when bad things happen nobody has explanation for that in terms of our immediate perception now atheism might say just why do bad things happen 0 the world is rotten this is how nature is this how it is live with it now thieves may say okay that okay it is you know it is god is will or you might say that it is karma from a previous life we do not know either way for ourselves but the difference is that in both cases the problems that we face they are as it is so there is disorder in the world but you know whenever there is disorder we do not lose faith in the principle that there is order in the universe what do i mean by this i suppose suddenly we get to go to a doctor because of some pain and doctor says we got cancer be horrified but you know cancer now there is those diseases for which the cause is almost very difficult many gets cancers causes very difficult to know but now after that what do we do he says is there any treatment for this now as soon as we ask is there any treatment for this what do we mean by that that means we are still accepting cause effect i just do not know what what caused this i do not know what caused the cancer but still i believe in cause effect and therefore i want to know by what effect this cancer can be removed what medicine should i take but we just will remember so there are some times in our life when some things do not make sense but we do not reject cause effect connection just because some things do not make sense we still keep functioning so atheism has no right to ask the question why do bad things happen to good people because atheism has no rational explanation for why action should correlate with result or anything can happen to anyone why should not there be any order in the universe why should good people get good things atheism has no explanation for that so it is like it is asking a question that question has an assumption and that assumption has no explanation so atheism does not remove any problems theism also you could say now some people say we have seen karma i do not believe in that that is okay they are not going over there when bad things happen if we understand that there is some order in the universe and theism tells us that yes there are problems there will be troubles in life but there is a ultimate purpose if we live faithfully if we live in a god centered way we will grow through this we will grow through this and we will evolve spiritually so atheism does not remove problems atheism only removes the hope that problems have a purpose what does atheism do it only removes the hope that problems have a purpose and it just sentences us to a very gloomy pointless existence and many of the atheists like frederick nichia was the famous atheist who said god is dead he also said that life is terrible life is terrible so he said the best is if you are never born 2nd best is if you died young the worst thing that can happen in your life is if you live for a long time alberto kamu was another atheist and he said that the world is filled with misery therefore the only philosophical question worth asking is whether to commit suicide today or tomorrow so atheism removes any hope for life problems everybody has to face but at least season gives us a there is a ultimate purpose there is ultimate plan we are meant to evolve spiritually and for our own living the having some purpose having some orientation is very important just as much as our body needs physical nutrition our heart needs metaphysical orientation what am i living for what is the purpose of life some purpose we all need to have but atheism removes all purpose theism provides us a meaningful purpose and as theism is atheism is much more reasonable than atheism atheism requires far more faith than atheism i quickly summarize what i spoke i spoke on this topic of atheism why atheism requires more faith than theism and i use the acronym what is it more morm was meaning so in that i talked about how stephen weinberg said that the more the universe becomes comprehensible the more it becomes more it seems to be meaningless it is like some message in some familiar script the more we decipher the script the more we start making sense of the script and the words and sentences but the message seems meaningless something is missing so what science what science does is that science offers us sensible explanations about why things happen within the universe why do fruits fall why do the temperatures rise why do certain objects conduct electricity but within an atheistic worldview science you can not explain or atheism can not explain the ultimate purpose of everything so we have islands of meaning but we are drowning in an ocean of meaninglessness so that is m then 0 was origin yeah so in origin i talked about how atheism explains how everything came from a thing simply by redefining nothing so that it is something and it is a complex quantum mechanical vacuum which is certainly not nothing the atheistic story of the universe is everything came from nothing existed because of nothing nothing exploded because nothing and i think you rise to everything right now what theism tells us is that where did god come from that is like asking what made a circle circular its intrinsic definition god is the cause of all causes he exists outside the causal chain just as the author of a fictional story exists outside that is outside the story so now both require faith but the idea of a unconscious quantum mechanical vacuum creating everything is eminently irrational and like by saying that because of the laws of nature the universe created itself out of nothing well it is not nothing in the laws of nature existing and laws of nature then cells do not create anything they they only explain the connection between cause and effects the universe 500 700 is 1200 does not create $1200 in your pocket so there has to be money already existing so that that so relatively speaking for the explanation of odd for origin atheistic explanation requires far more faith then reason was that a evolution if we consider evolution to be true and we consider evolution to be entirely unguided process so there is nothing except matter existing which is what atheism holds then what happens our everything is simply just brain chemicals it is just chemical secretion and chemical secretion in the body is directed simply for survival survival and reproduction not for answering life is ultimate questions then why do we have we have that search for understanding ultimate seeking ultimate answers and secondly why do we have how can we know if anything is true or not so your tongue might get secreted on on seeing a particular food somebody else is tongue might get secret might get secret saliva on seeing crabs burning crabs boiling in water alive so now what is right what is wrong just by the tongue secretion you cannot say that so similarly the brain secretions are all that happens whenever we analyze anything so somebody is brains secretions might happen when they study theism somebody is brain situations might happen when they start when they study atheism so we do not a rigidly maturistic worldview leaves us with no reasonable reason for believing that our understanding is correct all that we have is brain secretions so that way the digitally metalistic world becomes self contradictory like saying i do not i i can not speak a single word of english and it under we may say that religion is restrictive because it put limits on our freedom but atheism actually denies our free will itself because we are just biological robots and einstein is also troubled by this prospect and lastly e was effect in terms of effect i talked about 3 things if we consider extremist violence then like earlier i said the operational values and function are fundamental values so there can be atheists who are good people and they can be these who are bad people but in the cross section of human society they will be good and bad people both and if the bad people happen to be a these they will use theism for committing violence and the bad people happen to be 18 they will use atheism complementing violence so at least in recent human history the track record of atheism is far worse than the track record of theism throughout human history in terms of murderous wars murderous campaigns that have happened 100000000 corpses in less than a century no religion has that track record all religions combined together do not have the track record but you put aside extremism if you consider normal normal living so the oxford handbook of science central of religion and health has 2000 studies combined together that religious practice leads to better physical and mental health including a longer lifespan and lastly in terms of effects see all of us face problems in life why do good things happen to god bad people atheism does not have any right to ask this question because atheism does not explain why action should be correlated with the reaction so but even if we face problems and even if we do not have a satisfactory explanation for this within our framework but still what atheism is it does not remove the problems it only removes the hope that the problems have a purpose whereas religion is okay there are problems but they are all ultimately meant for our good for our growth and that gives us a purpose for our living so just as our body needs physical nutrition our heart needs metaphysical orientation and that is provided much more by atheistic worldview in an atheistic worldview thank you very much hare krishna so thank you for surviving this complicated class thank you thank you once again i hope many of you of discovery had our proof stock i mean we would allow to have more time to spend on question answers but just given that it is already 4 15 close

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zx0eW8nk3No

[Music] what do you mean reduce spending you can't expect me to run this company if I can't spend any money you can't keep avoiding that we are perilously close to bankruptcy I championed three cost saving initiatives just this quarter what have you done making us all bring in our own coffee mugs instead of stocking the breakroom with paper cups was not nearly enough at this rate we won't even be able to make payroll next quarter now if you'll just same old doom and gloom do you actually have anything constructive to contribute and if you'll look at the budget proposal that we prepared you'll see what I'm proposing more cuts this is ludicrous Walter our hands are tied we don't know how long until we have a breakthrough so unless we have the stomach to cancel some projects entirely there's not much else we can do innovation is the core of what Kellynch tech stands for I will not compromise on that no I would rather sell the company outright then slowly starve all of our projects to a standstill we have to try something Russell I'm disappointed in you come up with a better plan and we'll talk but this this isn't going to cut it well that one about as well as could be expected you did great Russell that man for once if he could just look beyond his own ego oh there was hardly any yelling this time though that's progress right true I think we're finally starting to wear him down a couple more meetings like this and I think I'll come around I don't know how many more meetings I can take why can't I just stay in the lab you want to get in the lab you got to help me come up with a plan that Walter will swallow brainstorm tonight uh does it have to be tonight what you got a hot date oh wait do you well in that case remind me to introduce you to someone he's a giant geek too you'd be perfect for each other I think you've had enough influence on my love life already that was eight years ago get over it there's no way that could have worked out once she enlisted you know that right can we please go talk back to talking about worth now no if Walter says we can't make cuts we need cash how to get cash would investors without deleting this dr. worthlessness and the Department of Defense is investing quite a bit in Silicon Valley right now they're experimenting with microphone and a lot of small ventures rather than just continuing to pour money into the same big corporations they just announced a project there would be a perfect fit for us I've already got us an interview spot with Colonel Croft the program coordinator that's the best you could find a government contract might be just the thing everyone does military projects have huge budgets all that bureaucracy though it's the project really going to be worth it I've taken a look at the standard contract and it's really quite favorable in terms of compensation for us and if we're able to meet the bonuses for early completion well we'd be foolish to pass it up fine but surely there are more exciting things we could be working on more exciting than this that's a pretty ambitious ask I can see why they'd want our help I mean it's not like the military is really packed with the best and brightest day not everyone who joins up is stupid my group one of my college friends when to the airforce after graduating with honors well the profession isn't entirely useless I suppose but I'd be sorry to see any friend of mine belonging to it that seems a bit harsh well first it puts the technical decisions in the hands of people whose greatest achievement is how many pushups they can do second it takes anyone with any spark of native intelligence and beats it thoroughly out of them no I'm afraid I'm not quite ready to give them as much credit as you do Wow I must admit Colonel Croft I'm really impressed with the scope of this project very forward-thinking I wouldn't have expected it not from the Air Force at least the other branches may call us airheads Walter but we do know a thing or two well you're clearly very intelligent you're just wasted on the Air Force if you ever decide to move over to industry and really put your talents to use you let me know yes colonel your presentation was very impressive I can tell already that the technical team is going to love working with you about that deliverable schedule the first design reviews happen awfully soon that's deliberate I firmly believe we have to be testing parts against the spec from the very beginning you can't rush creativity a good plan executed now is better than a perfect plan next week besides I thought you genius private sector types were all about speed oh I was just making sure you really wanted to move that fast of course my team can handle it yes the team the dossier you prepared was impressive in the software and electronics areas but seemed a little light on mechanical experience I've got a crackerjack mechanical engineer in mind who I think would be a great fit for this project Oh I usually handle the mechanical engineering work for the company and right what's your specialty you're a mechanical engineer I'm sure I'll be able to handle anything that comes up does the salary for this extra engineer come out of our budget or yours Oh ours of course it's all part of the liaison package oh that's fine I'm sure Anne could use the help yes absolutely I'll be up in DC next week for the contractors summit we should meet up yes you can try that barn you're telling me about yeah yeah that one that one yeah no that's good all right yeah bye bye you too so Ann what's up you were supposed to go over the Croft project it too right right of course so obviously we're gonna need more space than we have here for the final prototype assembly right oh I've got the building requirements worked out already should I send them to you no need Elizabeth's already found us a great warehouse but there's a catch it won't be available till September that should be plenty soon enough what's the catch our lease here expires at the end of May that's just a few weeks away exactly so rather than sign up for another whole year here when we barely be using it I've decided everyone will work from home until we get to the assembly phase that's a pretty radical move it's brilliant right I don't know why we didn't think of this sooner virtual companies are all the rage these days I'm already planning a talk for the entrepreneurs meetup I don't I don't know what to say say yes to what to leading the transition team will need to clear out the lab right away I mean everyone will just take whatever they need with them and set up at home no biggie right it's all sub assemblies at this stage anyway it's not like they actually need that much space couldn't couldn't Elizabeth do it no no no she's far too busy right now to be bothered with that kind of trivia those DoD guys are positively drowning us in bureaucratic nonsense I couldn't possibly spare but but what about my right so you'll organize the labs shut down and coordinate with the engineers at home it's creating great opportunity for you give you more exposure to the management side of things bring-bring I didn't really I I should take this hold on I'll just be a minute yes yes absolutely I'll be up in DC next week for the contractors oh why are morning so early in the day it's unfair drink your tea you'll feel better do you want to reschedule no no no I feel like death warmed over but what else is new I'll be fine so what are we doing today I wanted to review the code specs with you guys where's Charles he took the kiddos to the park to run them around a bit they're probably never coming home though it's been hours and Charles is probably lying dead in a ditch while the little monsters jump up and down on his head and shrieking and how are the kids perfect little beasts Charles gave them cake for breakfast the idiot so they've been bouncing off the walls all morning I don't suppose I can just banish them to the park all day right just thinking that make me a bad mom maybe industrial-strength earplugs are the way to go muzzles do they make kid muzzles well yes how about we hold off on the muzzles for now tea drink it have you talked to Henrietta and Louisa recently well I texted them to see how ill I was this morning and neither of them have responded probably off doing something exciting no time for my boring old problems I'm sure you'll hear from them soon like I care they talk a mile a minute never letting you get a word in edgewise or else they're always on their phones oh and I'm so very unwell why didn't we meet last week instead and last week you said you weren't ready and needed more time besides I've really been so busy with everything that I couldn't possibly have come out any sooner what what can you possibly have to do a great many things Thanks I was the one stuck with closing down the lab after you all cleared out I had to disposition all the equipment that no one took with them figuring out what to sell off and what to just put in storage until the move to San Jose in September I had to get my garage set up to handle all my tools and equipment I can't just take my laptop home and get started like some people and on top of that I have all my own deliverables to work on it's no use having control software if there were no mechanisms to control you never asked you one word about the pool party yesterday you went I assumed you would have stayed home seeing as how you were so ill oh yes I went I was fine yesterday nothing at all the matter with me till this morning it would have been strange if I hadn't gone no good marry drink that yeah that it's herbal I did heard I drink the party wasn't even all that good I don't know why I even stayed as long as I did it's the same boring old music and the same boring old people all the time yeah I probably caught something from one of them today so where should we go for lunch I suppose it's not worth asking Henrietta and Louisa alone they always make us go someplace dumb you know I always liked the places they pick ah but they always insist on going to some hippy vegetarian place sometimes I just want bacon is that so wrong okay okay alcohol oh look Louisa just texted she wants to know if I was feeling better and do we want to join them for lunch at hobee's well at least I can get turkey bacon there good enough so Louisa now that you're all settled in how's it been working from home no complaints here I mean I'm still getting paid the number of pointless meetings I have to attend to has gone way down and my commute is seriously the best ever I think it's the best decision Walters made in ages hey Henrietta where do you put the latest version of the data file where I always put it loser in the folder titled latest data well sure but is that the latest latest one with the data from this morning no because I'm still working on that set maybe another hour so and do you want me to copy you on the raw data too or do you just want the summary report when we're done oh you know Anne always needs the raw data anyway it's not we're slaving over it ourselves if he's just going to check it over again right in well actually I've got my hands full at the moment I can wait besides you'll put the raw data in an appendix right of course but it's just that you're so good at the analysis part do you think you can maybe just take a look maybe start herself on the write up it would let us move on to the next test and stay on schedule with the data collection pretty please sure [Music] I could manage the unit tests on time if it was just me coding but you know Charles he has to go and refactor everything Mary comments like a drunken wombat it's such a pain to go back over everything she writes so that the codes actually readable I hate sending the children to Henrietta and Louisa though they are always positively begging to take them they just spoiling too much oh and I wish Mary could just calm down a little junk food every once in a while won't hurt them I mean it's not like refined sugar is actually poison or anything the only way I know how to keep them in line is with more cake than is probably good for them but they just turned those puppy-dog eyes on me what can I do I wish you could persuade Mary not to be such a hypochondriac I do believe if Charles were to see me dying he wouldn't think there was anything the matter with me and I'm sure you could convince him it's not just lack of sleep or too much caffeine or whatever his latest theory is it's absurd oh I just can't stand to be in the same room as Louisa today can I help it if I'm just naturally a better gamer you think with all the practice she gets she wouldn't be such a sore loser and could you get Mary to cut me some slack she's on the warpath again because I called her in Charles code monkeys Louisa doesn't care about professionalism at all people forget my position as the software lead I think I am entitled to a little respect hey when's our first design review with the colonel in a month that'll be good I'm sure he can count on military gun to remember our actual titles at least they have proper respect for hierarchy draw - please I should never have invited you to game night how can you be good at this one - ah why couldn't that other yellow and come out when I needed it oh and before I forget we've identified the new enemy for your project she should be joining us next week I'll send you your information so you can start getting her up to speed of course I'm sure you'll love Captain Wentworth she's a fantastic engineer really knows her stuff that one did you say Wentworth hah take that curse your sudden but inevitable betrayal 10 volt setpoint current point 5o amps whoa I can't wait until the new engineer gets here Oh point 5 amps good yeah what do you think she'll be like it's been forever since we had a new hire I'm so excited hmm still cool no overload do do you think we'll have to call her sergeant Wentworth all the time does she have a first name is that allowed maybe it's classified captain what her rank it's captain yeah all those military ranks sound the same to me I'm planning to use hey you until we're close enough for first names 9 volts current drop point 6 2 amps oh let's Google her maybe there are pictures point 6 2 amps good looks like a phone yes my Google Flu is the best I totally win the race whoa look at those biceps damn I'm gonna yeah I'll be back please it wilts that point current drop current draw is uh-oh there goes the magic smoke damn is there anyway oh no ok no no that's fine we'll figure it out get get well soon well that was the babysitter she's not gonna make it stomach flu that's just our luck isn't it our first chance to meet the exciting new Captain Wentworth ruined well I don't know about this we business Shirley Ann and I could still go to pride weren't you just saying how you had a terrible headache Mary well I never I don't see why I should have to stay just because I'm the mom you my friend are equally responsible for the little Hellion so I think you should be the one to stay can't we bring them with us not after what happened last year yeah we were definitely hoping to make it past noon this time well crowds and parties aren't really my thing you know I'd be happy to stay and look after them that would be awesome you don't want to go it's fine I probably wouldn't have stayed the whole time anyway are you sure I mean I can't remember the last time the both of us got to go out together and let loose with a bunch of grownups I dare say the little angels won't give you any trouble they're always on their best behavior for you go already you're the best thank you goodbye we'll be home by 9:00 or 10:00 well no later than midnight at the very least bye have fun yes [Music] don't wake up Ann Ann is sleeping and then Freddie said captain Freddie race right captain Freddie said plus an arbitrary constant okay I finished burning the new code oh goody I bet you $2 I fixed the bug can we test it now duh that's why you're here right I thought it was because you enjoyed my scintillating personality and sparkling wit no it's definitely just the code if we wanted sparkling wit we'd have invited Freddie that's true she's hilarious I really liked the story about the remote-controlled flamethrower in a shopping cart did you know about that one in it sounds exactly like the sort of thing you're always going on about from bud took about ten times cooler oh did you go to Harvey Mudd together I didn't even know you already knew her until Freddie started telling mud stories Henrietta asked her if you two had been there at the same time she said you'd changed so much since college she barely recognized you oh she looks the same to me hmm well if she was as cool back then as she is now I guess you two wouldn't have hung out much right I mean I'm used to you now at all but you're not the most extroverted geek I know we rewind to the flamethrower shopping cart I missed that story oh it was awesome so it started out with story time later code test now I want my $2.00 how are you settling in are you up to speed on the project so far pretty much I shouldn't have any trouble getting the motor sub-assembly they need up and running in time for the integration testing good good how about socially bonding with the team all right you know me a bunch of us went out last weekend and bonded there was the usual military miss 101 conversation but after we got past that the rest of the team was really great and what about the dating prospects what was it you said oh yes how am I supposed to find the Gert dream girl in the airforce I need to mingle with nerds damn it yes thank you it's good to know that little moment of drunken wining hasn't escaped your memory of course not why do you think I've picked you for this assignment because I'm your favorite damn straight but really are you getting along with the team any prospects yet maybe oh is it that clever little mechanical engineer I liked her she's the one you were at mud with right and no I hardly recognized her it's still too scared to be seen at the pride parade I am so over her did you know we actually used to date back in college I was her experimental lesbian phase I guess yes awkward I'm just impatient I waited years for don't-ask don't-tell to be repealed and I am overdue for an actual girlfriend what are you worried about you're young I've already wasted my prime dating years being closeted on bases in the middle of nowhere now I'm actually out and in Silicon Valley on a mostly female team if I can't find someone to bone now I don't know when I'll get another chance so you never had to sleep in a tent in the desert and parachute out of a jet plane behind enemy lines you watch too many movies I was stationed in Ohio not Iraq come on you must have some stories I did blow up a transformer once that was pretty exciting what like Optimus Prime no we were testing this huge power transformer and I got cocky and misplaced a decimal point yikes I did get to use the lab fire extinguisher though that was fun whoo all right sexy firefighter that's an image I can endorse mmm-hmm hey how's the testing going oh hi Ann it's going well we haven't seen any new problems yet which is awesome yeah and Henrietta's fixed for the torque failure seems to be working out too is she around shower she should be out soon cool you know I practically had to wrench the latest prototype out of Henry at his hands she didn't want to include it in this round said it was a dumb idea but I made her I couldn't believe that she was so chicken I've never been so easily dissuaded if it was my idea she would have given up without you to talk her into it yep lame right when I have made up my mind I have made it Henrietta was really confident about the idea when she first told me it but then what a few skeptical remarks and she was ready to give it up entirely lucky herd have someone like you around I think one of the problems a lot of people have is a lack of creative confidence so much of Engineering is founded in hunches and intuition sure the next step is rigorous analysis and testing and scientific method stuff but people always forget that the first thing you gotta do is have an idea if you're too scared to try it then it's basically the same as never having the idea in the first place confidence that's what I want to see uh can't we suspend the shoptalk for the duration of lunch at least I'm just worried we rushed the joint design can't you give me more time to tinker with it is such a worrywart stop fussing it'll work look that's why we're testing if it works great we move on and if it fails then we figure out why it failed and redesign accordingly but we've got to put it to the test what did I just say no more work talk Freddie hobbies what do you do when you're not designing motors I like hiking backpacking that sort of stuff I didn't get to do too much my last space ohio's sort of flat but before that I was in Tennessee for a few years the mountains they're gorgeous I'm happy to be back in California now the mountains here fantastic favorite trip that would have been Yosemite 2006 I got to sleep in an igloo and everything it was awesome whoa an igloo yeah there's surprisingly warm inside I think we got ours up to 55 degrees that sounds kinky there were six of us like I said kinky who were you with the college mountaineering Club it was the annual Spring Break trip that's what got me hooked on backpacking that was a good group we were always doing something have you kept up with any of them not really that was our last big trip before I left for boot camp when I went to the Air Force let's just say that not everyone approved of my choices is that it last one we have now officially passed the first testing round awesome go team yeah so what do we do now party we do still need to finish writing the final report the porch more wait shouldn't that be report Reese Mart no no no smaller duplication is usually on the first sale I could help with the report I've got time really you don't have to I mean actually that would be great thank you hey I just realized we won't all be in the same place again until we start final assembly we should totally all do something together for the long weekend I demand ridiculous shenanigans to tide me over till I see you all again oh well I just found out some old airforce buddies are in Monterey I don't know if a short road trip counts as ridiculous shenanigans I mentioned you guys and they said the more the merrier it could be an adventure oh you know I haven't been to Monterey in ages I'm in I wouldn't want to impose don't be such a fuddy-duddy we should all go right Freddie I want the whole team to come whoo team bonding event we're all going so what's Croft got you working on this time the usual you know if I told you I'd have to kill you bring oh I forgot the rules must be something exciting to drag you all the way out here especially after all those times you turned me down when I asked you to join us oh you're sweet but you know your translation device doesn't have nearly enough moving parts to keep my interest true I'm glad you looked me up soin way too long since our last visit it's so exciting to have you all here thank you so much for inviting us all it's our pleasure we love any excuse to put all the leaves in the table it does seem like it'd be a bit big for everyday use I love the carving on this table where'd you find it Thanks I made it I didn't know you could do things like this he made the bookcases too and you should have him show you the project he's got going on in the garage very fancy got to keep busy somehow I now that are not running ragged trying to keep up with Freddie anymore I was bound to pick up hobby or two lies and slander all of it don't believe this one's tall tales ah that reminds me no I bet Freddie hasn't told you all about the time we went line dancing in Germany who sounds juicy I want to hear that one so embarrassing why did I think it was a good idea to have you all meet [Music] not much of a gamer no not really Margareta me - what are you reading now don't laugh but Emma Jane Austen I like that one what made you read it well my Harville sister was really in Austen she got me hooked before that I just assumed it was girl stuff hey I know I know but I didn't know you know anyway she talked me into reading Pride and Prejudice and Zombies which I was willing to try because you know zombies it was okay so after that I tried reading the original and then I was hooked neat yeah except now it sucks because I keep trying to find more authors like Austen and there's just nothing I tried picking up a few Regency romances in a used bookstore once but they were so it's just not the same thing at all so so now I just reread the same novels over and over again and time have I got some books for you first try georgette Heyer she practically invented the modern Regency romance not quite as deep as Austin but they're good and there are a ton of fun fun romance witty banter meticulously researched historical detail they've got it all then their specials for closing in books at the first glance it looks like standard space adventure stuff that the Austen and higher influences are clear really fabulous characters really satisfying romance plus spaceships whoa that's a lot of enthusiasm do you really think I'll like them yes you can't just keep reading the same books over and over again you've got to get out there okay I'll write them down tell me the names again higher HEU ye AR and Bujold buj o LD for higher my favorite is the grand Sophie for bujold start with shards of Honor and add Elizabeth Gaskell to witty Victorian novels super fun GA s ke L gasp oh oh thanks Batman comics or movies both I've been catching up on Batgirl actually while I'm on leave I haven't read any Batgirl since Cassandra Cain you want to try some sure the and she's single right chronically how about been complicated he was engaged my sister-in-law was she died last year in Afghanistan oh no we just want to see him happy again I haven't seen him this animated in ages it's good and even though Ben is entirely wrong to prefer a Dick Grayson over ten Drake it was so great to talk to someone who even had a favorite Robin that I forgave him mostly it's great you two to hit it off so well mrs. Harville was telling us last night that he's home from TDY for a couple of months but has been super depressed his fiancee died how awful right anyway they were really happy he seemed to open up to you so much it was also good to see you having fun for once well as you know I'm allergic to fun and games but books and comics that's in another category entirely you're such a geek oh look it's Louisa and Freddie hey guys oh I'm sure they don't need us crashing their walk what no it looks like they're on the way back to the hotel to wait up yeah oh hey good morning you heading back yeah I'm starving we should head over soon if we're gonna make brunch what do you think we're having I had a room where there would be waffles but then again it could just be a conspiracy a waffle conspiracy oh yeah it's insidious really I mean hard well said they were working on a translator but what if that's just a cover I bet he's secretly part of the psychological warfare Department I mean it was awfully generous of them to agree to feed us this weekend but what if it's all part of the plot we could be unwitting test subjects in some sort of cruel torture experiment they plant the idea of waffles get our hopes up and then instead they serve us soggy cornflakes instant oatmeal blood sausages Oh gross now you've ruined my appetite [Music] these waffles are amazing I love the harvilles you are all up early what you do and and I went jogging over to the park it's beautiful out there lots of gorgeous native flora and fauna right like that guy we saw in the parking lot the one with the money vanity plate on his ridiculous sports car well that license plate was pretty ridiculous but he was pretty hot hmm how is that spelled for ends Mary what just because we slept in doesn't mean I have to miss out on hot guys yes I am the best stalker ever his name is Elliot he likes fast cars Burning Man sailing links to a bunch of venture capitalists type stuff oh here's a photo oh yeah I'd let him invest in my startup any day what a cutie I'm ashamed to know you you know you love me dear yes that too [Music] is that a Homestuck t-shirt I didn't think anyone over 30 had even heard of it ouch you know there's not actually an age limit on web comics right I liked it a lot I loved it but it's too bad it never got finished well that's what fanfic is for right yes no fanfic is terrible depends on what you read I guess there's one Regency romance type story where a Jonin Karkat are forced into a marriage of convenience as part of a peace treaty it was straight-up awesome sounds right up your alley actually what oh yeah I can send you a link to my bookmarks on ao3 I mean there's tons of fik not all of them are gems of course but the good ones are so good so I know you're going back to the Bay Area soon but that's not really that far away right about an hour drive maybe we could get together some weekend and you could show me some of this awesome fanfic Luisa Luisa Luisa are you okay oh what's wrong where does it hurt my arms oh oh no what do we do calm down it'll be okay Luisa did you hit your head no how just my arms Ben can you figure out what the nearest emergency room is sure what should I do Henrietta you go get the car and bring it around just pull over to the curb over there okay okay Freddie can you check Luisa over see if there are any other injuries okay good that's good doesn't click there's no anything else you've got a couple scrapes on your arms but none of them are bad just a little skin okay Freddie's gonna touch your arms now is that okay yeah it looks like both of them right that's all right we'll get you taken care of I called in they say she should go to Urgent Care I can navigate thanks Louisa whenever you're ready we're gonna help you stand up and walk to the car take your time there's no hurry thanks for driving I don't mind when will you go back tonight I'll make Henrietta help me pack a bag for Louisa she'll know what she needs for the next few weeks it was so nice of the harvilles to offer to take care of Louisa while she recuperates there awesome like that they probably saw the look of panic on her face when Mary offered her services a true act of mercy drive safe good idea and of course Walter was being his usual self and everyone I just don't understand how people think he's charming but they do and I'm glad because it means that we've got yet another project lined up that for this one so the finances are actually looking good for the first time in ages but then of course Elizabeth had to bring up aliasing again I swear I don't even think she knows what it means she just likes to bring it up at every review to make it look like she's been paying attention and well I know you're going to hate it but can you add another section to the subsystem over your report about aliasing sure sure you're going to hate me or sure you can add it in we had a problem with the sampling rate on one of the sensors and when Freddie made the changes to fix it she also wrote up a great failure analysis report I can use that so it's okay if you don't want to talk about it but how has it been working with Freddie given your history well it was super awkward at first but now I guess I'm used to her again we're not best friends or anything certainly not like her and Louisa they're practically joined at the hip these days oh honey no no I'm fine it's been really great having the chance to work with her like this she's a fantastic engineer well okay but poor Louisa how long before she's recovered do you think it was a pretty bad break on the right side so they're thinking eight weeks for that arm the left calf should come off sooner though well we're lucky she and Henry had her worked so closely together there's no way we would have been able to keep to our schedule if we had to bring someone up to speed from scratch on her deliverables right her deliverables oh that reminds me Walter says you're on tap for the next status update with the colonel oh do I have to you know I hate the dog and pony show stuff don't be whiny it's a growth experience the sub-assembly verification testing is complete the validation of the final assembly is on target for a successful completion of all milestones by q1 you don't need to narrate every slide to me I did read the status update you sent last night Oh so if you've already read all this what's left to talk about I was actually hoping to go over the phase 1 test results before the official design of you tomorrow I had some questions about a few of the results you you actually read the report that's why they pay me the big bucks so first let's talk about the tork issue looks like the first few rounds of endurance testing were pretty awful it's totally fixed now though yes but why didn't you repeat all the endurance tests after the fix there are two sub systems where torque strength reliability is important but we only had an issue with the lower system the upper system doesn't have to support the same load so it didn't count as a failure ok I see hmm but does that mean if we ever needed increased capacity from the upper system that it would fail too oh no we made the fix in both areas but only tested it in the higher load conditions is a worst case how do you know the fix performs as well in lower load conditions you do ask the tough questions okay let me pull up this appendix I think there's a graph that will make it clearer see I knew it was the right thing to ask you I had a few suggestions for the phase 2 testing but I wanted to make sure I had a solid grounding in the previous work before I started spouting off let's see this graph so that's the Luisa update what have you guys been up to that's the update Mary that was 20 minutes on what a good time you had in Monterey ten minutes and what's wrong with American healthcare and maybe five minutes on Louisa but most of that bit managed to be about you somehow anyway no one appreciates my storytelling genius I appreciate you dear how's the joint scale-up going have you run the validation test yet slowly and no I'm waiting till I get moved into the where hostage of the full-scale testing that Betty Ann wants to hear how Ben's doing tell her Mary sure how is he or any less gloomy he's fine I guess but he's such an odd duck I thought he was going to come back with us but he bailed at the last minute why would he come out here I thought he would have left at the chance to get a break from playing nursemaid to Louisa all the time but apparently he thinks we're too boring or something I mean he knows I was kidding about just whining free babysitting right now Mary know very well what it really was it was all your doing he thought you were still on vacation like the rest of us when he realized you were going to be off at the warehouse this week well he suddenly seemed much less interested in the scheme that's weird oh he talks of you all the time and the things he says make it sound like he's pining away so let's pretend in this shot that and in Charles were at the side of the room and they sort of move and sit down well the shot is going on okay so that might be going a little far just it's very clear that he thinks about you a lot he's always going on about some book you told him about and he wants to talk to you about it it's all and said this and Anne thinks that with him well it sounds like I definitely need to meet this Ben fellow then don't I yes yes you do he's a great guy I'm sure Russell would like him he is just your sort give him a book and he will read all day long yes exactly he will sit poring over his book and not notice when a person speaks to him as dying for some entertainment do you think Russell would like that he must be an interesting fellow to produce such a passionately divided opinion now I have to meet him you won't like him Oh oh that reminds me have you met this Elliot person yet sounds like he's Walters new BFF or something it's so wacky that he was in Monterrey at the same time as us I can't believe everyone but me actually saw him now there's someone whom I have no wish to see I'm sure he's a perfectly nice man and all but anyone who's devoted their entire life to corporate finance just seems like such a terrible bore I can't imagine we got anything to talk about so then phase one test results were good and we're on track for the ramp up to phase two there were a few design issues along the way though and that's what I wanted to discuss so I guess I'll start from page two which shows the results from Oh before you dive into the details maybe you could summarize like Elliott says if you can't get your idea across in 60 seconds or less you'll never catch the interest of a VC I'm sure that's true but this isn't a VC pitch this is the management review for an incredibly complex system oh well I've got a doctor's appointment in an hour so I can't stay longer than that but we can reschedule a continuation if we don't get through everything now right yes let's do that I'm meeting Elliot for lunch so I can't stay too late either we're continuing our search for the spiciest South Bay Tai he knows all the most authentic places Wow it it certainly seems like you've gotten pretty close to this Elliot fellow we're so lucky he's got so many connections he's really going to be invaluable to us I just know it you'll have to meet him too what about this one Eliot this one's my favorite the gates of hell is it the original oh good question Elizabeth sort of the piece wasn't finished until after Rodin died there were three castings produced early on this one is from a second group of three min later so it's rare one of six but not the only one and not produced while he was alive so it's sort of up for debate oh that's less interesting than I thought it was a real one you don't agree Anne I think the mass production aspect just makes it cooler actually go on I've always been fascinated by the dichotomy between fine art and mass-produced works there's there's such a high value placed on scarcity and authorship but it just seems increasingly silly as new technologies for production and distribution become increasingly common I mean if a piece of art is really so awesome then why not share it with as much of the world as possible I know right that's part of what I like about bronzes through dance studio was basically a commercial Factory he worked with a whole team from the original sculpted model to the final size plaster then the mold for the actual casting weight final size they made them at different sizes gold star for and yes one of the big things about Rodin was his marketing genius he used a pantograph machine to make exact reductions or enlargements he figured correctly as it turned out that offering his sculptures in a variety of sizes would increase rather than decrease demand price differentiation it works so are there many gates around somewhere huh I don't know that would be cool but another cool thing look closely at the individual figures some of them look pretty familiar don't they it's like a mishmash of all the models he's ever made apparently he tinkered with it for something like 37 years just fiddling with the position of everything I think technically the gates of hell was first but it took so long in the original Commission was canceled that he started selling off the individual figures as stand-alones whoa oh that's the thinker I recognize that one great and the one up there is called the three shades the full-size is just over there it yeah sorry to hear about the joint failure have you found a root cause yet first I have to find the joint pin it sort of popped out and pull across the room when I tried to actuate the joint so that Elliott kid is pretty cool right sure he's great do you see it anywhere well what's it look like this small metal it can't have gone far we had the best conversation the other day all about economics and the role of venture capital and shaping American innovation it's just so refreshing to meet someone his age is really thinking long term you know he recommended a book to me it sounded fascinating Atlas something where could it be hiding it's not small enough to rolled all the way under here is it maybe it walked away yes and I'm sure the joint pin spontaneously sprouted legs when you weren't looking but anyway it le it's definitely been hanging around a lot right yeah definitely Walter will be so pleased I think Elliot's found a new project right Walter is pleased uh-huh oh did you find it unfortunately oh that is bad hold the bags I'll be back Elizabeth really takes her dinner pretty seriously doesn't she when I accepted her invitation I didn't realize they came with chores first it's worth it though Elizabeth's cooking is amazing you won't regret having to carry a few bags once you've tasted what that woman can do with a Brussels sprout if I make it that long do you think she'll notice if we sneak a few strawberries I won't tell if you don't [Music] Elliot's found a new Himalayan restaurant join us that's cool I've got plans tonight but you'll have to tell me how it is now and I know the joint problem is important but it's okay to take a break once in a while ah and come out with us it'll be fun you could stand to get out more I'm sure no I'm I'm having dinner with my friend Smith Smith right let me guess he's from Canada I wouldn't know him she's a friend from high school we just got back in touch well invite her along I'm sure we can stretch the reservation to one more person no thanks we're planning to stay in well at least I've got Elizabeth I know she won't abandon me for some hot date what I could have a hot date sure you're a nice mature lady it could happen you are just as funny as you were in high school you're just easily amused I have missed you though I'm so glad you emailed me how did you even find me you can find anything on the internet if you've got enough free time and I've had more of that than I wanted lately so what happened was there an accident oh no it's just an infection that got out of hand I'm healing just slowly still that's awful not my biggest worry at the moment anyhow but enough about me what have you been up to all these years tell me everything I've been at Kellynch for ages got hired right out of college boring right you could never be boring in Thanks what about you I'm just realizing I don't actually know what you do talk about boring venture capital sounds cool but the details are seriously snews worthy well either that or they're confidential oh come on I guess you could say it's it's my job to find opportunities and then figure out how to turn them to the best advantage I've got a few opportunities at the moment that are looking pretty promising actually oh right Elizabeth said you thinking of hiring us I can attest that college has the best engineers around I agree so what do you think of these sandwiches they're one of the hidden gems of San Jose awesome right super yummy the secret ingredient is bacon oh that's pretty when did you get all crafty yeah I spent a lot of time laid up this past year I needed something to keep myself busy oh well I like the colors it'll look great on you oh it's it's not for me I have an Etsy shop brings in a little extra cash on the side that's so cool Thanks so what should we watch tonight well we could continue our robots theme oh I haven't seen The Terminator movies in ages sound good I've always had a big crush on Sarah Connor can we skip straight to t2 oh yeah I always thought the t1000 was pretty hot hey thanks for coming to hang out with me on a Friday night I know you could have been out on a hot date or something and it means a lot to me I think you underestimate the state of my love life you're kidding right I bet you have to beat them off with a stick well okay it does seem like things have been seeming less dismal in that department lately but it's way too soon to tell let's just watch the movie you got it am i interrupting something no I'm just mom doing the tests what's up so how are you in Elliot these days what do you mean okay even you can't be that oblivious the boy is totally into you honestly I thought you were already dating we just met a few weeks ago hmm you're not getting any younger my dear if I were you I'd make a move don't want to let this one get away he's smart and funny and ambitious pretty much the perfect man and I can assure you those don't come along too often careful boys that's not supposed to happen right nope means this one's no good this is in grabbing a bottle drawing X on it pushing it aside to grab the next one he throws it bad part bring the phone says Italy it's calling she looks at it then puts it down and goes back to work my idea was work work work work work just cleaning up degrees she gets some graphite dust the part she puts the part on machine Hey she says I'm sure you've been having too much fun here in San Jose to care but I'll tell you what I've been up to anyway sure can you hand me that screwdriver here it's been totally boring ever since you started spending all your time here Monterey was the last fun thing that happened and that was ages ago mm-hmm can you put your hand right here and uh yeah hold this together for a bit I know you've been having fun I've been hearing all about your adventures with this Elliott fellow no news from you of course what did I expect I had to get it all third hand from Louisa and she wasn't even here oh right Louis's first cast came off last week so that was some excitement she must be so happy to finally have the use of at least one arm back not that I imagine it wasn't nice to be waited on hand and foot got it you can let go now and so now I get to the really juicy bits of the story turns out Ben and Louisa had a lot of time to get to know each other while she was convalescing at the harvilles oh really really change their relationship status on Facebook and everything ah it's cute you're not mad right I mean I was totally right about Ben not having a thing for you I knew all along that there was nothing to Charles little theory I dare say I was a little surprised on Louis's part the way she carried on with Freddie I could have sworn there was something there but maybe not Wow poor Freddie now she has to start all over with somebody else she's due at the warehouse soon isn't she and we should try to set her up with someone there's got to be someone we know who's single okay Eliot says he's right outside let's go people chez panisse awaits are you ready it and come on it's Friday put the work aside for a minute we're leaving oh I'll be right there but just give me a sec okay meet you outside oh and I didn't expect Freddy what are you doing here I just got in so what are the Antioch sent free and are you ready it I'm starving oh hi I'm Elliot Freddie Wentworth awesome nice to meet you Freddie sorry to steal an from you but we have to go out for going to keep our reservation bye I'll see you tomorrow at Mary's no cocktail party knowing about you know party party hi Freddie how have you been you look great hi I mean fine I mean thank you you look great too Thanks ever since Monterey I wanted to say I mean sorry to have caused all that drama it's not much of a team bonding event when one of your team members ends up in the ER hey it wasn't your fault Louisa's fine now from all accounts so no lasting harm done just some interesting developments you heard about Ben and Louisa it's sweet I hope it will work out for them yes of course it's just okay I confess that I do think they are a little mismatched I mean I like Louisa but Ben is he's special all right I've known him a very long time he's so thoughtful and introspective and he just cares so much about everything I was just really surprised to hear that he had fallen for Louisa I just don't get it his attachment to fanny his fiancee was so real and solid to have all his hopes devastated like that and then just move on how can someone recover from a relationship like that I wouldn't I couldn't you stayed in Monterey for a while right how was it good I biked around a lot walked on the beach it's really gorgeous there I wouldn't mind spending time there again really I wouldn't have thought there would be anything special about the place for you especially given all the drama I can handle the little drama I've traveled so little that probably any new place would have been interesting to me but the Harville isn't and Ben were so great I can see why you're friends with them Eliot fantastic you're just in time for the dancing [Music] well definitely have to start there dancing everywhere Oh Ann come on we got to start dancing dance montage oh look at them dancing dancing dancing isn't this amazing [Music] dancing all sorts of interesting things are going on during dance [Music] well I declare miss and you are an excellent dancer as are you know my poultry skills pale in comparison you're too kind I'm only okay I think I've figured out a few things about the mysterious and you are the type of person who is too modest for the world in general to be aware of even half of your talents and too talented by half to be really as modest as you pretend this is too much flattery I couldn't ever flatter you enough oh excuse me for just a moment oh you're not leaving are you yeah I was heading out it's really getting late and I should get going Oh No this next song is a really good one isn't that what's staying for no I don't think there's anything we're staying for at this point another dance I love this song no thanks I'm all danced out No add a little more water to thin it out we just want to highlight wash not a real paint layer how's this perfect so how was the party last night it was good so this thing with Elliott's pretty serious right why does everyone think we're dating you're not just being coy right I mean you would tell me if there was something going on with him I've known him what a month maybe two he seems nice enough but I barely know him no there's really nothing going on with me and Elliot oh my god I'm so relieved he's sort of a jerk whoa what you know him I used to work for him what happened it was just contract work for a while and startups can be volatile so I didn't think too much of it when my first couple of invoices went unpaid but after I turned in the last package of documents he cut off contact entirely that's terrible I was mad but I figured the venture had tanked so I decided to just let it go but I thought all those businesses were going well exactly when I found out well I don't know what to think now I could really use the money medical bills do pile up fast but I don't want to burn a bridge if I don't have to you by taking it to court I just wish I had a little leverage to get him to pay up you know why didn't you say any of this sooner and I hadn't seen you in years I wasn't going to make you two sides in my little drama idiot of course I'm on your side this contract proposal looks great I thought you hated this kind of stuff I'm just so excited about the project that Elliot's offered us I had my lawyer friend you know Smith helped me with the wording way to take the initiative an and gold star for networking aren't I always telling you about the importance of making connections I learned it by watching you see I knew giving you more management tests would be good for you stick with me and we'll make something of you yet [Music] um I'll just write that email now Colonel Croft no time like the present um no time like the present Oh Louisa so how long for the big announcement do you think long engagements the worst I think that if you're hesitating and it's just not meant to be exactly at some point you have to wonder if they're really serious about it at all speaking of serious and you sure danced with Elliot a lot on Saturday congratulations girl I always knew it'd take the right man to sweep man off her feet huh to be honest I always thought you were a lesbian I like men too but Elliot no he's not really my type whatever picky mcvickers in hot rich he's everybody's type well Lisa share turned out to be Ben's type where do you think they'll have the wedding so and what's your opinion on our little soap opera drama you mean Louisa and Ben yes do you go for that soul mate business are you more of a love can develop between any two people given the right situation sort of girl well that's a tough question I'm not sure it's the same for everybody Ben and Louisa do sound genuinely attached to each other which is great but for me I don't think I could change my affection so quickly no I mean once you've really committed to loving someone given them your whole heart how is that supposed to ever wear off of course in Ben's case it would be a little harsh to presume that he could never be able to fall in love again right no of course I didn't mean that I mean his fiancee died is he just supposed to mope around for the rest of his life or what I fully believe that you can love more than one person and to someone who can find a second person to fall in love with well they should be congratulated indeed they're they're luckier than most of us at least you down with that email yet captain uh just a few more minutes sir almost done so you don't begrudge Ben his happiness no of course not but you yourself would never fall for someone you'd only known for a few weeks right I'm not trying to be judgmental of them I really am happy for them all I'm saying and I'm just talking for myself you understand not trying to claim it's like this for everyone all I'm saying is that when I fall in love it lasts even after all hope of a happy ending is gone no hope I wouldn't be too sure of that and stinking huh bass bass bass it's an Swan I can't listen in silence anymore email is a poor substitute but I have to say something you pierce my soul I am half agony half hope please don't tell me that I am too late that your former feelings are gone forever I offer myself to you again with the heart even more your own than when you almost broke it eight and a half years ago as pathetic as it may seem I haven't ever stopped loving you I may have been bitter and mean and resentful but I never actually got over you ever since the ball had been burning to say something to find out if I really have a chance with you but I couldn't figure out for sure what you were feeling and listening to you now and my hope is renewed again now all I have to do is be brave enough to actually send this and wait for your response yours Freddie really big smile oops no smaller so it's much [Music]

what do you mean reduce spending you can not expect me to run this company if i can not spend any money you can not keep avoiding that we are perilously close to bankruptcy i championed 3 cost saving initiatives just this quarter what have you done making us all bring in our own coffee mugs instead of stocking the breakroom with paper cups was not nearly enough at this rate we will not even be able to make payroll next quarter now if you will just same old doom and gloom do you actually have anything constructive to contribute and if you will look at the budget proposal that we prepared you will see what i am proposing more cuts this is ludicrous walter our hands are tied we do not know how long until we have a breakthrough so unless we have the stomach to cancel some projects entirely there is not much else we can do innovation is the core of what kellynch tech stands for i will not compromise on that no i would rather sell the company outright then slowly starve all of our projects to a standstill we have to try something russell i am disappointed in you come up with a better plan and we will talk but this this is not going to cut it well that one about as well as could be expected you did great russell that man for once if he could just look beyond his own ego 0 there was hardly any yelling this time though that is progress right true i think we are finally starting to wear him down a couple more meetings like this and i think i will come around i do not know how many more meetings i can take why can not i just stay in the lab you want to get in the lab you got to help me come up with a plan that walter will swallow brainstorm tonight does it have to be tonight what you got a hot date 0 wait do you well in that case remind me to introduce you to someone he is a giant geek too you would be perfect for each other i think you have had enough influence on my love life already that was 8 years ago get over it there is no way that could have worked out once she enlisted you know that right can we please go talk back to talking about worth now no if walter says we can not make cuts we need cash how to get cash would investors without deleting this doctor worthlessness and the department of defense is investing quite a bit in silicon valley right now they are experimenting with microphone and a lot of small ventures rather than just continuing to pour money into the same big corporations they just announced a project there would be a perfect fit for us i have already got us an interview spot with colonel croft the program coordinator that is the best you could find a government contract might be just the thing everyone does military projects have huge budgets all that bureaucracy though it is the project really going to be worth it i have taken a look at the standard contract and it is really quite favorable in terms of compensation for us and if we are able to meet the bonuses for early completion well we would be foolish to pass it up fine but surely there are more exciting things we could be working on more exciting than this that is a pretty ambitious ask i can see why they would want our help i mean it is not like the military is really packed with the best and brightest day not everyone who joins up is stupid my group one of my college friends when to the airforce after graduating with honors well the profession is not entirely useless i suppose but i would be sorry to see any friend of mine belonging to it that seems a bit harsh well 1st it puts the technical decisions in the hands of people whose greatest achievement is how many pushups they can do 2nd it takes anyone with any spark of native intelligence and beats it thoroughly out of them no i am afraid i am not quite ready to give them as much credit as you do wow i must admit colonel croft i am really impressed with the scope of this project very forward thinking i would not have expected it not from the air force at least the other branches may call us airheads walter but we do know a thing or 2 well you are clearly very intelligent you are just wasted on the air force if you ever decide to move over to industry and really put your talents to use you let me know yes colonel your presentation was very impressive i can tell already that the technical team is going to love working with you about that deliverable schedule the 1st design reviews happen awfully soon that is deliberate i firmly believe we have to be testing parts against the spec from the very beginning you can not rush creativity a good plan executed now is better than a perfect plan next week besides i thought you genius private sector types were all about speed 0 i was just making sure you really wanted to move that fast of course my team can handle it yes the team the dossier you prepared was impressive in the software and electronics areas but seemed a little light on mechanical experience i have got a crackerjack mechanical engineer in mind who i think would be a great fit for this project 0 i usually handle the mechanical engineering work for the company and right what is your specialty you are a mechanical engineer i am sure i will be able to handle anything that comes up does the salary for this extra engineer come out of our budget or yours 0 ours of course it is all part of the liaison package 0 that is fine i am sure anne could use the help yes absolutely i will be up in dc next week for the contractors summit we should meet up yes you can try that barn you are telling me about yeah yeah that one that one yeah no that is good all right yeah bye bye you too so ann what is up you were supposed to go over the croft project it too right right of course so obviously we are going to need more space than we have here for the final prototype assembly right 0 i have got the building requirements worked out already should i send them to you no need elizabeth is already found us a great warehouse but there is a catch it will not be available till september that should be plenty soon enough what is the catch our lease here expires at the end of may that is just a few weeks away exactly so rather than sign up for another whole year here when we barely be using it i have decided everyone will work from home until we get to the assembly phase that is a pretty radical move it is brilliant right i do not know why we did not think of this sooner virtual companies are all the rage these days i am already planning a talk for the entrepreneurs meetup i do not i do not know what to say say yes to what to leading the transition team will need to clear out the lab right away i mean everyone will just take whatever they need with them and set up at home no biggie right it is all sub assemblies at this stage anyway it is not like they actually need that much space could not could not elizabeth do it no no no she is far too busy right now to be bothered with that kind of trivia those dod guys are positively drowning us in bureaucratic nonsense i could not possibly spare but but what about my right so you will organize the labs shut down and coordinate with the engineers at home it is creating great opportunity for you give you more exposure to the management side of things bring bring i did not really i i should take this hold on i will just be a minute yes yes absolutely i will be up in dc next week for the contractors 0 why are morning so early in the day it is unfair drink your tea you will feel better do you want to reschedule no no no i feel like death warmed over but what else is new i will be fine so what are we doing today i wanted to review the code specs with you guys where is charles he took the kiddos to the park to run them around a bit they are probably never coming home though it has been hours and charles is probably lying dead in a ditch while the little monsters jump up and down on his head and shrieking and how are the kids perfect little beasts charles gave them cake for breakfast the idiot so they have been bouncing off the walls all morning i do not suppose i can just banish them to the park all day right just thinking that make me a bad mom maybe industrial strength earplugs are the way to go muzzles do they make kid muzzles well yes how about we hold off on the muzzles for now tea drink it have you talked to henrietta and louisa recently well i texted them to see how ill i was this morning and neither of them have responded probably off doing something exciting no time for my boring old problems i am sure you will hear from them soon like i care they talk a mile a minute never letting you get a word in edgewise or else they are always on their phones 0 and i am so very unwell why did not we meet last week instead and last week you said you were not ready and needed more time besides i have really been so busy with everything that i could not possibly have come out any sooner what what can you possibly have to do a great many things thanks i was the one stuck with closing down the lab after you all cleared out i had to disposition all the equipment that no one took with them figuring out what to sell off and what to just put in storage until the move to san jose in september i had to get my garage set up to handle all my tools and equipment i can not just take my laptop home and get started like some people and on top of that i have all my own deliverables to work on it is no use having control software if there were no mechanisms to control you never asked you one word about the pool party yesterday you went i assumed you would have stayed home seeing as how you were so ill 0 yes i went i was fine yesterday nothing at all the matter with me till this morning it would have been strange if i had not gone no good marry drink that yeah that it is herbal i did heard i drink the party was not even all that good i do not know why i even stayed as long as i did it is the same boring old music and the same boring old people all the time yeah i probably caught something from one of them today so where should we go for lunch i suppose it is not worth asking henrietta and louisa alone they always make us go someplace dumb you know i always liked the places they pick ah but they always insist on going to some hippy vegetarian place sometimes i just want bacon is that so wrong okay okay alcohol 0 look louisa just texted she wants to know if i was feeling better and do we want to join them for lunch at hobee is well at least i can get turkey bacon there good enough so louisa now that you are all settled in how is it been working from home no complaints here i mean i am still getting paid the number of pointless meetings i have to attend to has gone way down and my commute is seriously the best ever i think it is the best decision walters made in ages hey henrietta where do you put the latest version of the data file where i always put it loser in the folder titled latest data well sure but is that the latest latest one with the data from this morning no because i am still working on that set maybe another hour so and do you want me to copy you on the raw data too or do you just want the summary report when we are done 0 you know anne always needs the raw data anyway it is not we are slaving over it ourselves if he is just going to check it over again right in well actually i have got my hands full at the moment i can wait besides you will put the raw data in an appendix right of course but it is just that you are so good at the analysis part do you think you can maybe just take a look maybe start herself on the write up it would let us move on to the next test and stay on schedule with the data collection pretty please sure i could manage the unit tests on time if it was just me coding but you know charles he has to go and refactor everything mary comments like a drunken wombat it is such a pain to go back over everything she writes so that the codes actually readable i hate sending the children to henrietta and louisa though they are always positively begging to take them they just spoiling too much 0 and i wish mary could just calm down a little junk food every once in a while will not hurt them i mean it is not like refined sugar is actually poison or anything the only way i know how to keep them in line is with more cake than is probably good for them but they just turned those puppy dog eyes on me what can i do i wish you could persuade mary not to be such a hypochondriac i do believe if charles were to see me dying he would not think there was anything the matter with me and i am sure you could convince him it is not just lack of sleep or too much caffeine or whatever his latest theory is it is absurd 0 i just can not stand to be in the same room as louisa today can i help it if i am just naturally a better gamer you think with all the practice she gets she would not be such a sore loser and could you get mary to cut me some slack she is on the warpath again because i called her in charles code monkeys louisa does not care about professionalism at all people forget my position as the software lead i think i am entitled to a little respect hey when is our 1st design review with the colonel in a month that will be good i am sure he can count on military gun to remember our actual titles at least they have proper respect for hierarchy draw please i should never have invited you to game night how can you be good at this one ah why could not that other yellow and come out when i needed it 0 and before i forget we have identified the new enemy for your project she should be joining us next week i will send you your information so you can start getting her up to speed of course i am sure you will love captain wentworth she is a fantastic engineer really knows her stuff that one did you say wentworth hah take that curse your sudden but inevitable betrayal 10 volt setpoint current .50 amps whoa i can not wait until the new engineer gets here 0.5 amps good yeah what do you think she will be like it has been forever since we had a new hire i am so excited still cool no overload do do you think we will have to call her sergeant wentworth all the time does she have a 1st name is that allowed maybe it is classified captain what her rank it is captain yeah all those military ranks sound the same to me i am planning to use hey you until we are close enough for 1st names 9 volts current drop .6 2 amps 0 let us google her maybe there are pictures .6 2 amps good looks like a phone yes my google flu is the best i totally win the race whoa look at those biceps damn i am going to yeah i will be back please it wilts that point current drop current draw is 0 there goes the magic smoke damn is there anyway 0 no ok no no that is fine we will figure it out get get well soon well that was the babysitter she is not going to make it stomach flu that is just our luck is not it our 1st chance to meet the exciting new captain wentworth ruined well i do not know about this we business shirley ann and i could still go to pride were not you just saying how you had a terrible headache mary well i never i do not see why i should have to stay just because i am the mom you my friend are equally responsible for the little hellion so i think you should be the one to stay can not we bring them with us not after what happened last year yeah we were definitely hoping to make it past noon this time well crowds and parties are not really my thing you know i would be happy to stay and look after them that would be awesome you do not want to go it is fine i probably would not have stayed the whole time anyway are you sure i mean i can not remember the last time the both of us got to go out together and let loose with a bunch of grownups i dare say the little angels will not give you any trouble they are always on their best behavior for you go already you are the best thank you goodbye we will be home by 9 0 or 10 0 well no later than midnight at the very least bye have fun yes do not wake up ann ann is sleeping and then freddie said captain freddie race right captain freddie said plus an arbitrary constant okay i finished burning the new code 0 goody i bet you $2 i fixed the bug can we test it now duh that is why you are here right i thought it was because you enjoyed my scintillating personality and sparkling wit no it is definitely just the code if we wanted sparkling wit we would have invited freddie that is true she is hilarious i really liked the story about the remote controlled flamethrower in a shopping cart did you know about that one in it sounds exactly like the sort of thing you are always going on about from bud took about 10 times cooler 0 did you go to harvey mudd together i did not even know you already knew her until freddie started telling mud stories henrietta asked her if you 2 had been there at the same time she said you would changed so much since college she barely recognized you 0 she looks the same to me well if she was as cool back then as she is now i guess you 2 would not have hung out much right i mean i am used to you now at all but you are not the most extroverted geek i know we rewind to the flamethrower shopping cart i missed that story 0 it was awesome so it started out with story time later code test now i want my $2 how are you settling in are you up to speed on the project so far pretty much i should not have any trouble getting the motor sub assembly they need up and running in time for the integration testing good good how about socially bonding with the team all right you know me a bunch of us went out last weekend and bonded there was the usual military miss 101 conversation but after we got past that the rest of the team was really great and what about the dating prospects what was it you said 0 yes how am i supposed to find the gert dream girl in the airforce i need to mingle with nerds damn it yes thank you it is good to know that little moment of drunken wining has not escaped your memory of course not why do you think i have picked you for this assignment because i am your favorite damn straight but really are you getting along with the team any prospects yet maybe 0 is it that clever little mechanical engineer i liked her she is the one you were at mud with right and no i hardly recognized her it is still too scared to be seen at the pride parade i am so over her did you know we actually used to date back in college i was her experimental lesbian phase i guess yes awkward i am just impatient i waited years for do not ask do not tell to be repealed and i am overdue for an actual girlfriend what are you worried about you are young i have already wasted my prime dating years being closeted on bases in the middle of nowhere now i am actually out and in silicon valley on a mostly female team if i can not find someone to bone now i do not know when i will get another chance so you never had to sleep in a tent in the desert and parachute out of a jet plane behind enemy lines you watch too many movies i was stationed in ohio not iraq come on you must have some stories i did blow up a transformer once that was pretty exciting what like optimus prime no we were testing this huge power transformer and i got cocky and misplaced a decimal point yikes i did get to use the lab fire extinguisher though that was fun whoo all right sexy firefighter that is an image i can endorse hey how is the testing going 0 hi ann it is going well we have not seen any new problems yet which is awesome yeah and henrietta is fixed for the torque failure seems to be working out too is she around shower she should be out soon cool you know i practically had to wrench the latest prototype out of henry at his hands she did not want to include it in this round said it was a dumb idea but i made her i could not believe that she was so chicken i have never been so easily dissuaded if it was my idea she would have given up without you to talk her into it yep lame right when i have made up my mind i have made it henrietta was really confident about the idea when she 1st told me it but then what a few skeptical remarks and she was ready to give it up entirely lucky herd have someone like you around i think one of the problems a lot of people have is a lack of creative confidence so much of engineering is founded in hunches and intuition sure the next step is rigorous analysis and testing and scientific method stuff but people always forget that the 1st thing you got to do is have an idea if you are too scared to try it then it is basically the same as never having the idea in the 1st place confidence that is what i want to see can not we suspend the shoptalk for the duration of lunch at least i am just worried we rushed the joint design can not you give me more time to tinker with it is such a worrywart stop fussing it will work look that is why we are testing if it works great we move on and if it fails then we figure out why it failed and redesign accordingly but we have got to put it to the test what did i just say no more work talk freddie hobbies what do you do when you are not designing motors i like hiking backpacking that sort of stuff i did not get to do too much my last space ohio is sort of flat but before that i was in tennessee for a few years the mountains they are gorgeous i am happy to be back in california now the mountains here fantastic favorite trip that would have been yosemite 2006 i got to sleep in an igloo and everything it was awesome whoa an igloo yeah there is surprisingly warm inside i think we got ours up to 55 degrees that sounds kinky there were 6 of us like i said kinky who were you with the college mountaineering club it was the annual spring break trip that is what got me hooked on backpacking that was a good group we were always doing something have you kept up with any of them not really that was our last big trip before i left for boot camp when i went to the air force let us just say that not everyone approved of my choices is that it last one we have now officially passed the 1st testing round awesome go team yeah so what do we do now party we do still need to finish writing the final report the porch more wait should not that be report reese mart no no no smaller duplication is usually on the 1st sale i could help with the report i have got time really you do not have to i mean actually that would be great thank you hey i just realized we will not all be in the same place again until we start final assembly we should totally all do something together for the long weekend i demand ridiculous shenanigans to tide me over till i see you all again 0 well i just found out some old airforce buddies are in monterey i do not know if a short road trip counts as ridiculous shenanigans i mentioned you guys and they said the more the merrier it could be an adventure 0 you know i have not been to monterey in ages i am in i would not want to impose do not be such a fuddy duddy we should all go right freddie i want the whole team to come whoo team bonding event we are all going so what is croft got you working on this time the usual you know if i told you i would have to kill you bring 0 i forgot the rules must be something exciting to drag you all the way out here especially after all those times you turned me down when i asked you to join us 0 you are sweet but you know your translation device does not have nearly enough moving parts to keep my interest true i am glad you looked me up soin way too long since our last visit it is so exciting to have you all here thank you so much for inviting us all it is our pleasure we love any excuse to put all the leaves in the table it does seem like it would be a bit big for everyday use i love the carving on this table where would you find it thanks i made it i did not know you could do things like this he made the bookcases too and you should have him show you the project he has got going on in the garage very fancy got to keep busy somehow i now that are not running ragged trying to keep up with freddie anymore i was bound to pick up hobby or 2 lies and slander all of it do not believe this one is tall tales ah that reminds me no i bet freddie has not told you all about the time we went line dancing in germany who sounds juicy i want to hear that one so embarrassing why did i think it was a good idea to have you all meet not much of a gamer no not really margareta me what are you reading now do not laugh but emma jane austen i like that one what made you read it well my harville sister was really in austen she got me hooked before that i just assumed it was girl stuff hey i know i know but i did not know you know anyway she talked me into reading pride and prejudice and zombies which i was willing to try because you know zombies it was okay so after that i tried reading the original and then i was hooked neat yeah except now it sucks because i keep trying to find more authors like austen and there is just nothing i tried picking up a few regency romances in a used bookstore once but they were so it is just not the same thing at all so so now i just reread the same novels over and over again and time have i got some books for you 1st try georgette heyer she practically invented the modern regency romance not quite as deep as austin but they are good and there are a ton of fun fun romance witty banter meticulously researched historical detail they have got it all then their specials for closing in books at the 1st glance it looks like standard space adventure stuff that the austen and higher influences are clear really fabulous characters really satisfying romance plus spaceships whoa that is a lot of enthusiasm do you really think i will like them yes you can not just keep reading the same books over and over again you have got to get out there okay i will write them down tell me the names again higher heu ye ar and bujold buj 0 ld for higher my favorite is the grand sophie for bujold start with shards of honor and add elizabeth gaskell to witty victorian novels super fun ga s ke l gasp 0 thanks batman comics or movies both i have been catching up on batgirl actually while i am on leave i have not read any batgirl since cassandra cain you want to try some sure the and she is single right chronically how about been complicated he was engaged my sister in law was she died last year in afghanistan 0 no we just want to see him happy again i have not seen him this animated in ages it is good and even though ben is entirely wrong to prefer a dick grayson over 10 drake it was so great to talk to someone who even had a favorite robin that i forgave him mostly it is great you 2 to hit it off so well missus harville was telling us last night that he is home from tdy for a couple of months but has been super depressed his fiancee died how awful right anyway they were really happy he seemed to open up to you so much it was also good to see you having fun for once well as you know i am allergic to fun and games but books and comics that is in another category entirely you are such a geek 0 look it is louisa and freddie hey guys 0 i am sure they do not need us crashing their walk what no it looks like they are on the way back to the hotel to wait up yeah 0 hey good morning you heading back yeah i am starving we should head over soon if we are going to make brunch what do you think we are having i had a room where there would be waffles but then again it could just be a conspiracy a waffle conspiracy 0 yeah it is insidious really i mean hard well said they were working on a translator but what if that is just a cover i bet he is secretly part of the psychological warfare department i mean it was awfully generous of them to agree to feed us this weekend but what if it is all part of the plot we could be unwitting test subjects in some sort of cruel torture experiment they plant the idea of waffles get our hopes up and then instead they serve us soggy cornflakes instant oatmeal blood sausages 0 gross now you have ruined my appetite these waffles are amazing i love the harvilles you are all up early what you do and and i went jogging over to the park it is beautiful out there lots of gorgeous native flora and fauna right like that guy we saw in the parking lot the one with the money vanity plate on his ridiculous sports car well that license plate was pretty ridiculous but he was pretty hot how is that spelled for ends mary what just because we slept in does not mean i have to miss out on hot guys yes i am the best stalker ever his name is elliot he likes fast cars burning man sailing links to a bunch of venture capitalists type stuff 0 here is a photo 0 yeah i would let him invest in my startup any day what a cutie i am ashamed to know you you know you love me dear yes that too is that a homestuck t shirt i did not think anyone over 30 had even heard of it ouch you know there is not actually an age limit on web comics right i liked it a lot i loved it but it is too bad it never got finished well that is what fanfic is for right yes no fanfic is terrible depends on what you read i guess there is one regency romance type story where a jonin karkat are forced into a marriage of convenience as part of a peace treaty it was straight up awesome sounds right up your alley actually what 0 yeah i can send you a link to my bookmarks on ao 3 i mean there is tons of fik not all of them are gems of course but the good ones are so good so i know you are going back to the bay area soon but that is not really that far away right about an hour drive maybe we could get together some weekend and you could show me some of this awesome fanfic luisa luisa luisa are you okay 0 what is wrong where does it hurt my arms 0 no what do we do calm down it will be okay luisa did you hit your head no how just my arms ben can you figure out what the nearest emergency room is sure what should i do henrietta you go get the car and bring it around just pull over to the curb over there okay okay freddie can you check luisa over see if there are any other injuries okay good that is good does not click there is no anything else you have got a couple scrapes on your arms but none of them are bad just a little skin okay freddie is going to touch your arms now is that okay yeah it looks like both of them right that is all right we will get you taken care of i called in they say she should go to urgent care i can navigate thanks louisa whenever you are ready we are going to help you stand up and walk to the car take your time there is no hurry thanks for driving i do not mind when will you go back tonight i will make henrietta help me pack a bag for louisa she will know what she needs for the next few weeks it was so nice of the harvilles to offer to take care of louisa while she recuperates there awesome like that they probably saw the look of panic on her face when mary offered her services a true act of mercy drive safe good idea and of course walter was being his usual self and everyone i just do not understand how people think he is charming but they do and i am glad because it means that we have got yet another project lined up that for this one so the finances are actually looking good for the 1st time in ages but then of course elizabeth had to bring up aliasing again i swear i do not even think she knows what it means she just likes to bring it up at every review to make it look like she has been paying attention and well i know you are going to hate it but can you add another section to the subsystem over your report about aliasing sure sure you are going to hate me or sure you can add it in we had a problem with the sampling rate on one of the sensors and when freddie made the changes to fix it she also wrote up a great failure analysis report i can use that so it is okay if you do not want to talk about it but how has it been working with freddie given your history well it was super awkward at 1st but now i guess i am used to her again we are not best friends or anything certainly not like her and louisa they are practically joined at the hip these days 0 honey no no i am fine it has been really great having the chance to work with her like this she is a fantastic engineer well okay but poor louisa how long before she is recovered do you think it was a pretty bad break on the right side so they are thinking 8 weeks for that arm the left calf should come off sooner though well we are lucky she and henry had her worked so closely together there is no way we would have been able to keep to our schedule if we had to bring someone up to speed from scratch on her deliverables right her deliverables 0 that reminds me walter says you are on tap for the next status update with the colonel 0 do i have to you know i hate the dog and pony show stuff do not be whiny it is a growth experience the sub assembly verification testing is complete the validation of the final assembly is on target for a successful completion of all milestones by q one you do not need to narrate every slide to me i did read the status update you sent last night 0 so if you have already read all this what is left to talk about i was actually hoping to go over the phase one test results before the official design of you tomorrow i had some questions about a few of the results you you actually read the report that is why they pay me the big bucks so 1st let us talk about the tork issue looks like the 1st few rounds of endurance testing were pretty awful it is totally fixed now though yes but why did not you repeat all the endurance tests after the fix there are 2 sub systems where torque strength reliability is important but we only had an issue with the lower system the upper system does not have to support the same load so it did not count as a failure ok i see but does that mean if we ever needed increased capacity from the upper system that it would fail too 0 no we made the fix in both areas but only tested it in the higher load conditions is a worst case how do you know the fix performs as well in lower load conditions you do ask the tough questions okay let me pull up this appendix i think there is a graph that will make it clearer see i knew it was the right thing to ask you i had a few suggestions for the phase 2 testing but i wanted to make sure i had a solid grounding in the previous work before i started spouting off let us see this graph so that is the luisa update what have you guys been up to that is the update mary that was 20 minutes on what a good time you had in monterey 10 minutes and what is wrong with american healthcare and maybe 5 minutes on louisa but most of that bit managed to be about you somehow anyway no one appreciates my storytelling genius i appreciate you dear how is the joint scale up going have you run the validation test yet slowly and no i am waiting till i get moved into the where hostage of the full scale testing that betty ann wants to hear how ben is doing tell her mary sure how is he or any less gloomy he is fine i guess but he is such an odd duck i thought he was going to come back with us but he bailed at the last minute why would he come out here i thought he would have left at the chance to get a break from playing nursemaid to louisa all the time but apparently he thinks we are too boring or something i mean he knows i was kidding about just whining free babysitting right now mary know very well what it really was it was all your doing he thought you were still on vacation like the rest of us when he realized you were going to be off at the warehouse this week well he suddenly seemed much less interested in the scheme that is weird 0 he talks of you all the time and the things he says make it sound like he is pining away so let us pretend in this shot that and in charles were at the side of the room and they sort of move and sit down well the shot is going on okay so that might be going a little far just it is very clear that he thinks about you a lot he is always going on about some book you told him about and he wants to talk to you about it it is all and said this and anne thinks that with him well it sounds like i definitely need to meet this ben fellow then do not i yes yes you do he is a great guy i am sure russell would like him he is just your sort give him a book and he will read all day long yes exactly he will sit poring over his book and not notice when a person speaks to him as dying for some entertainment do you think russell would like that he must be an interesting fellow to produce such a passionately divided opinion now i have to meet him you will not like him 0 that reminds me have you met this elliot person yet sounds like he is walters new bff or something it is so wacky that he was in monterrey at the same time as us i can not believe everyone but me actually saw him now there is someone whom i have no wish to see i am sure he is a perfectly nice man and all but anyone who is devoted their entire life to corporate finance just seems like such a terrible bore i can not imagine we got anything to talk about so then phase one test results were good and we are on track for the ramp up to phase 2 there were a few design issues along the way though and that is what i wanted to discuss so i guess i will start from page 2 which shows the results from 0 before you dive into the details maybe you could summarize like elliott says if you can not get your idea across in 60 seconds or less you will never catch the interest of a vc i am sure that is true but this is not a vc pitch this is the management review for an incredibly complex system 0 well i have got a doctor is appointment in an hour so i can not stay longer than that but we can reschedule a continuation if we do not get through everything now right yes let us do that i am meeting elliot for lunch so i can not stay too late either we are continuing our search for the spiciest south bay tai he knows all the most authentic places wow it it certainly seems like you have gotten pretty close to this elliot fellow we are so lucky he has got so many connections he is really going to be invaluable to us i just know it you will have to meet him too what about this one eliot this one is my favorite the gates of hell is it the original 0 good question elizabeth sort of the piece was not finished until after rodin died there were 3 castings produced early on this one is from a 2nd group of 3 min later so it is rare one of 6 but not the only one and not produced while he was alive so it is sort of up for debate 0 that is less interesting than i thought it was a real one you do not agree anne i think the mass production aspect just makes it cooler actually go on i have always been fascinated by the dichotomy between fine art and mass produced works there is there is such a high value placed on scarcity and authorship but it just seems increasingly silly as new technologies for production and distribution become increasingly common i mean if a piece of art is really so awesome then why not share it with as much of the world as possible i know right that is part of what i like about bronzes through dance studio was basically a commercial factory he worked with a whole team from the original sculpted model to the final size plaster then the mold for the actual casting weight final size they made them at different sizes gold star for and yes one of the big things about rodin was his marketing genius he used a pantograph machine to make exact reductions or enlargements he figured correctly as it turned out that offering his sculptures in a variety of sizes would increase rather than decrease demand price differentiation it works so are there many gates around somewhere huh i do not know that would be cool but another cool thing look closely at the individual figures some of them look pretty familiar do not they it is like a mishmash of all the models he is ever made apparently he tinkered with it for something like 37 years just fiddling with the position of everything i think technically the gates of hell was 1st but it took so long in the original commission was canceled that he started selling off the individual figures as stand alones whoa 0 that is the thinker i recognize that one great and the one up there is called the 3 shades the full size is just over there it yeah sorry to hear about the joint failure have you found a root cause yet 1st i have to find the joint pin it sort of popped out and pull across the room when i tried to actuate the joint so that elliott kid is pretty cool right sure he is great do you see it anywhere well what is it look like this small metal it can not have gone far we had the best conversation the other day all about economics and the role of venture capital and shaping american innovation it is just so refreshing to meet someone his age is really thinking long term you know he recommended a book to me it sounded fascinating atlas something where could it be hiding it is not small enough to rolled all the way under here is it maybe it walked away yes and i am sure the joint pin spontaneously sprouted legs when you were not looking but anyway it le it is definitely been hanging around a lot right yeah definitely walter will be so pleased i think elliot is found a new project right walter is pleased huh 0 did you find it unfortunately 0 that is bad hold the bags i will be back elizabeth really takes her dinner pretty seriously does not she when i accepted her invitation i did not realize they came with chores 1st it is worth it though elizabeth is cooking is amazing you will not regret having to carry a few bags once you have tasted what that woman can do with a brussels sprout if i make it that long do you think she will notice if we sneak a few strawberries i will not tell if you do not elliot is found a new himalayan restaurant join us that is cool i have got plans tonight but you will have to tell me how it is now and i know the joint problem is important but it is okay to take a break once in a while ah and come out with us it will be fun you could stand to get out more i am sure no i am i am having dinner with my friend smith smith right let me guess he is from canada i would not know him she is a friend from high school we just got back in touch well invite her along i am sure we can stretch the reservation to one more person no thanks we are planning to stay in well at least i have got elizabeth i know she will not abandon me for some hot date what i could have a hot date sure you are a nice mature lady it could happen you are just as funny as you were in high school you are just easily amused i have missed you though i am so glad you emailed me how did you even find me you can find anything on the internet if you have got enough free time and i have had more of that than i wanted lately so what happened was there an accident 0 no it is just an infection that got out of hand i am healing just slowly still that is awful not my biggest worry at the moment anyhow but enough about me what have you been up to all these years tell me everything i have been at kellynch for ages got hired right out of college boring right you could never be boring in thanks what about you i am just realizing i do not actually know what you do talk about boring venture capital sounds cool but the details are seriously snews worthy well either that or they are confidential 0 come on i guess you could say it is it is my job to find opportunities and then figure out how to turn them to the best advantage i have got a few opportunities at the moment that are looking pretty promising actually 0 right elizabeth said you thinking of hiring us i can attest that college has the best engineers around i agree so what do you think of these sandwiches they are one of the hidden gems of san jose awesome right super yummy the secret ingredient is bacon 0 that is pretty when did you get all crafty yeah i spent a lot of time laid up this past year i needed something to keep myself busy 0 well i like the colors it will look great on you 0 it is it is not for me i have an etsy shop brings in a little extra cash on the side that is so cool thanks so what should we watch tonight well we could continue our robots theme 0 i have not seen the terminator movies in ages sound good i have always had a big crush on sarah connor can we skip straight to t 20 yeah i always thought the t 1000 was pretty hot hey thanks for coming to hang out with me on a friday night i know you could have been out on a hot date or something and it means a lot to me i think you underestimate the state of my love life you are kidding right i bet you have to beat them off with a stick well okay it does seem like things have been seeming less dismal in that department lately but it is way too soon to tell let us just watch the movie you got it am i interrupting something no i am just mom doing the tests what is up so how are you in elliot these days what do you mean okay even you can not be that oblivious the boy is totally into you honestly i thought you were already dating we just met a few weeks ago you are not getting any younger my dear if i were you i would make a move do not want to let this one get away he is smart and funny and ambitious pretty much the perfect man and i can assure you those do not come along too often careful boys that is not supposed to happen right nope means this one is no good this is in grabbing a bottle drawing x on it pushing it aside to grab the next one he throws it bad part bring the phone says italy it is calling she looks at it then puts it down and goes back to work my idea was work work work work work just cleaning up degrees she gets some graphite dust the part she puts the part on machine hey she says i am sure you have been having too much fun here in san jose to care but i will tell you what i have been up to anyway sure can you hand me that screwdriver here it has been totally boring ever since you started spending all your time here monterey was the last fun thing that happened and that was ages ago can you put your hand right here and yeah hold this together for a bit i know you have been having fun i have been hearing all about your adventures with this elliott fellow no news from you of course what did i expect i had to get it all 3rd hand from louisa and she was not even here 0 right louis is 1st cast came off last week so that was some excitement she must be so happy to finally have the use of at least one arm back not that i imagine it was not nice to be waited on hand and foot got it you can let go now and so now i get to the really juicy bits of the story turns out ben and louisa had a lot of time to get to know each other while she was convalescing at the harvilles 0 really really change their relationship status on facebook and everything ah it is cute you are not mad right i mean i was totally right about ben not having a thing for you i knew all along that there was nothing to charles little theory i dare say i was a little surprised on louis is part the way she carried on with freddie i could have sworn there was something there but maybe not wow poor freddie now she has to start all over with somebody else she is due at the warehouse soon is not she and we should try to set her up with someone there has got to be someone we know who is single okay eliot says he is right outside let us go people chez panisse awaits are you ready it and come on it is friday put the work aside for a minute we are leaving 0 i will be right there but just give me a sec okay meet you outside 0 and i did not expect freddy what are you doing here i just got in so what are the antioch sent free and are you ready it i am starving 0 hi i am elliot freddie wentworth awesome nice to meet you freddie sorry to steal an from you but we have to go out for going to keep our reservation bye i will see you tomorrow at mary is no cocktail party knowing about you know party party hi freddie how have you been you look great hi i mean fine i mean thank you you look great too thanks ever since monterey i wanted to say i mean sorry to have caused all that drama it is not much of a team bonding event when one of your team members ends up in the er hey it was not your fault louisa is fine now from all accounts so no lasting harm done just some interesting developments you heard about ben and louisa it is sweet i hope it will work out for them yes of course it is just okay i confess that i do think they are a little mismatched i mean i like louisa but ben is he is special all right i have known him a very long time he is so thoughtful and introspective and he just cares so much about everything i was just really surprised to hear that he had fallen for louisa i just do not get it his attachment to fanny his fiancee was so real and solid to have all his hopes devastated like that and then just move on how can someone recover from a relationship like that i would not i could not you stayed in monterey for a while right how was it good i biked around a lot walked on the beach it is really gorgeous there i would not mind spending time there again really i would not have thought there would be anything special about the place for you especially given all the drama i can handle the little drama i have traveled so little that probably any new place would have been interesting to me but the harville is not and ben were so great i can see why you are friends with them eliot fantastic you are just in time for the dancing well definitely have to start there dancing everywhere 0 ann come on we got to start dancing dance montage 0 look at them dancing dancing dancing is not this amazing dancing all sorts of interesting things are going on during dance well i declare miss and you are an excellent dancer as are you know my poultry skills pale in comparison you are too kind i am only okay i think i have figured out a few things about the mysterious and you are the type of person who is too modest for the world in general to be aware of even half of your talents and too talented by half to be really as modest as you pretend this is too much flattery i could not ever flatter you enough 0 excuse me for just a moment 0 you are not leaving are you yeah i was heading out it is really getting late and i should get going 0 no this next song is a really good one is not that what is staying for no i do not think there is anything we are staying for at this point another dance i love this song no thanks i am all danced out no add a little more water to thin it out we just want to highlight wash not a real paint layer how is this perfect so how was the party last night it was good so this thing with elliott is pretty serious right why does everyone think we are dating you are not just being coy right i mean you would tell me if there was something going on with him i have known him what a month maybe 2 he seems nice enough but i barely know him no there is really nothing going on with me and elliot 0 my god i am so relieved he is sort of a jerk whoa what you know him i used to work for him what happened it was just contract work for a while and startups can be volatile so i did not think too much of it when my 1st couple of invoices went unpaid but after i turned in the last package of documents he cut off contact entirely that is terrible i was mad but i figured the venture had tanked so i decided to just let it go but i thought all those businesses were going well exactly when i found out well i do not know what to think now i could really use the money medical bills do pile up fast but i do not want to burn a bridge if i do not have to you by taking it to court i just wish i had a little leverage to get him to pay up you know why did not you say any of this sooner and i had not seen you in years i was not going to make you 2 sides in my little drama idiot of course i am on your side this contract proposal looks great i thought you hated this kind of stuff i am just so excited about the project that elliot is offered us i had my lawyer friend you know smith helped me with the wording way to take the initiative an and gold star for networking are not i always telling you about the importance of making connections i learned it by watching you see i knew giving you more management tests would be good for you stick with me and we will make something of you yet i will just write that email now colonel croft no time like the present no time like the present 0 louisa so how long for the big announcement do you think long engagements the worst i think that if you are hesitating and it is just not meant to be exactly at some point you have to wonder if they are really serious about it at all speaking of serious and you sure danced with elliot a lot on saturday congratulations girl i always knew it would take the right man to sweep man off her feet huh to be honest i always thought you were a lesbian i like men too but elliot no he is not really my type whatever picky mcvickers in hot rich he is everybody is type well lisa share turned out to be ben is type where do you think they will have the wedding so and what is your opinion on our little soap opera drama you mean louisa and ben yes do you go for that soul mate business are you more of a love can develop between any 2 people given the right situation sort of girl well that is a tough question i am not sure it is the same for everybody ben and louisa do sound genuinely attached to each other which is great but for me i do not think i could change my affection so quickly no i mean once you have really committed to loving someone given them your whole heart how is that supposed to ever wear off of course in ben is case it would be a little harsh to presume that he could never be able to fall in love again right no of course i did not mean that i mean his fiancee died is he just supposed to mope around for the rest of his life or what i fully believe that you can love more than one person and to someone who can find a 2nd person to fall in love with well they should be congratulated indeed they are they are luckier than most of us at least you down with that email yet captain just a few more minutes sir almost done so you do not begrudge ben his happiness no of course not but you yourself would never fall for someone you would only known for a few weeks right i am not trying to be judgmental of them i really am happy for them all i am saying and i am just talking for myself you understand not trying to claim it is like this for everyone all i am saying is that when i fall in love it lasts even after all hope of a happy ending is gone no hope i would not be too sure of that and stinking huh bass bass bass it is an swan i can not listen in silence anymore email is a poor substitute but i have to say something you pierce my soul i am half agony half hope please do not tell me that i am too late that your former feelings are gone forever i offer myself to you again with the heart even more your own than when you almost broke it 8.5 years ago as pathetic as it may seem i have not ever stopped loving you i may have been bitter and mean and resentful but i never actually got over you ever since the ball had been burning to say something to find out if i really have a chance with you but i could not figure out for sure what you were feeling and listening to you now and my hope is renewed again now all i have to do is be brave enough to actually send this and wait for your response yours freddie really big smile oops no smaller so it is much

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ou4bvE8mDjY

thank you this morning I thought we would talk a little about faith and fear in our decision making because in a this is a great verse I wanted to start with in Hebrews 12 verse 1. I don't know do you guys use Bibles in this church yeah go the King James version right Dan should I read out of the English Standard Version which is very similar to The New American Standard Version only it comes in cool looking Bibles like this it's got like patterns and things on it this is very important if you're in Ministry these are little things they don't teach you in Bible School yeah um so we know that if Christ died for our sins if we know that he has brought us to New Life if we know that he's coming again someday and like the scripture says this world the heavens and the Earth are going to be destroyed with fire and that he's going to bring a new Heaven and a new Earth it talks a little it should help us understand a little bit of how we should live now and how we should think now like say you have a car and you've got a time bomb strapped to the back of it okay and you're driving around town when the clock's ticking down from ten to one you're not going to take the car in to get it washed and waxed because it doesn't matter the car is just going to blow up it makes no difference whatsoever how the car looks when it blows up the same thing's true with our Earthly life here God gives us this life and it doesn't matter what we do in this earth in terms of having the best stuff having a great house having the perfect little family that everybody looks up to none of that makes any difference what matters what matters is do we love God with all of our heart soul mind and strength and do we love our neighbors at ourself and have we given our lives to running with endurance the race he's put before us to make disciples of all the nations that's what our movement is founded on as the Great Commission is the idea that every single person in this room every single person who has the holy spirit of God living in them has been called to the mission of making disciples because they've been called to step out of their comfort zone and live their life for the sake of others coming to know Christ as their savior and helping them to grow to maturity if we understand that I hope we all do at least in our heads I know all of us every single one of us struggles with that in our heart with really truly every day walking in what God wants us to do and that's that's part of life but our goal our desire should be to run hard for the rest of our lives for God and for what he wants so I hope we're all I gave you a nice little introduction there I hope we all turn to Hebrews 12 1 it shouldn't have taken as long as I talked I'll forewarn you Paul Dan said I could talk anywhere between 20 minutes and an hour and 20 minutes um this summer I had to talk I had 45 minutes and I went for an hour and 15 and didn't even realize it I wasn't done so we'll see how this goes what am I supposed to be done anyways Dan it doesn't matter no closing time all right so here here we go Hebrews 12 1. this is a verse after the author of Hebrews is talking about the Hall of Faith it's this list of all the people that were justified by faith to encourage us in our walk but Hebrews 12 1 is right after that says therefore since we have are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses let us also lay aside every weight and sin which closes clings so closely and let us run with endurance the race that has set before us so we're encouraged to run with endurance to race that is set before us but it says there are two things that can slow us down that can cling to us and trip us up as we're running for God two things okay first one says let us lay aside every weight and the second thing is let us lay aside our sin and if you notice there's a difference between weights and sins in terms of things that will cause us not to run for God and so we all know sin sins are choices or behaviors in our life that are directly in Disobedience to God's law or the way God is designed this world and for the most part I know very well what my sins are I'm pretty well acquainted with my sin I know when I'm being disobedient to God I know when I'm being rebellious and that's part of our fallen nature that still clings to us our sin and God wants us to grow and be Sanctified and to turn away from our sin but there's another thing in here that'll slow us down and I want to talk a little bit about that today The New American Standard Version calls it an encumbrance or a weighty thing there are things in our life that weigh us down they're not sin per se but they weigh us down and they slow us down from following god with our whole heart and there's one particular weight I want to talk to you guys about today and that's the weight of fear in our decisions I know for me I am a coward everything I do I'm actually pretty scared of coming here today to talk to you guys is toward the bottom of the things I wanted to do this morning in terms of what I want because I'm scared of you guys I am what if I say the wrong thing what if I do the wrong thing what if uh you guys get angry at me and stone me like Stephen I don't know how your church works I've never been here before I hear there's a while there that every gcli which is our leadership conference for our movement Dan would recruit everyone to come and speak at foundation and there's a whole line of people who would come and speak here but I never heard of him coming back scares me when sharing the gospel with people I'm scared I'm scared I've shaking my boots every time we have to go evangelize this there's times I sit in my car when our church says we're going to go out and evangelize and I'm literally shaking and praying I do not want to do this I'm scared to death of talking to people it's a funny story when I was in college my mom had always cut my hair growing up she always cut my hair but then I decided to actually get a real haircut I pulled up to the barber shop and I was petrified I had no idea what to do you go in a barber shop like how do you want it done I've seen the movies I don't know how I want my hair cut just cut it Mom just cuts it why are all these questions scared I'm a scaredy cat by nature and so fear in my life has been one of the biggest things that slows me down in truly running hard for God and so I want to encourage you guys with a couple of thoughts I had I think a lot of times in our own lives without even realizing it fear dictates a lot of what we do and the choices we make whether big or small whether what job are we going to work at or are we going to go to McDonald's or Wendy's for lunch are dictated out of fear instead of out of faith and it says in the word whatever is not from faith is sin so we're making choices in life that aren't driven by faith it's basically saying I don't trust God enough to really believe what he says I think there's faith in every decision we make so first off what is Faith what is fear I think that's a good thing to get our wrap our minds around because I think in a lot of ways they're pretty much the same thing let's turn to Hebrews 11 back a page verse 1. I imagine many of us are well acquainted with this verse it's kind of the definition of what faith is all right Hebrews 11 verse 1. it says now Faith is the Assurance of things hoped for the convictions of Things Not Seen and I look at that being a pastor's kid I knew this verse forward and backwards I never really understood what it meant I'm like I don't Assurance of things hoped for and convictions of Things Not Seen I don't even get it what is that talking about so I thought it'd be good to break it down a little bit here it says now the faith the definition of faith is the Assurance of things hoped for and the word there in the Greek for Assurance it has the idea of something that you build upon it's like the foundation so faith is the foundation of Our Hope our faith and our belief is what our hope is built upon without faith there is no hope and without hope faith is really really kind of not that great it's just a foundation it's like you're building a house the foundation holds up the house you just have a foundation and no house it I mean it might be nice as a swimming pool but not very good as a house so our faith is our foundation that we build Our Hope upon and the conviction of the Things Not Seen the word conviction there has the idea of the proof our faith proves what we cannot see it's what holds it to be true and so that's what faith is Faith helps us really believe what we can't see that there is an invisible God who created this world created every single one of us in His image who give gave us his written word to help us understand that in reality he loves us that were sinful but that he solved our problem he wants us to be with him so he gave his son to die for our sins that we could be with him for eternity and someday he's going to come he's going to take us with him that's our faith that's what we're convinced of if we really have true faith in saying someday either when I die or when the Lord comes home I have an eternal life that will continue on and that is our hope that's what faith brings is if we have faith in the word of God we have true and real hope in our hearts so that's Faith so what about fear I think fear is the same thing only instead of the object being hope the object is anticipated pain we fear fear is the Assurance of future pain the fear is the conviction that things unseen are going to be bad they're not going to be good and so when we fear what we're really saying is wow I think the future is going to hurt Webster's Dictionary I pulled it up I just Googled fear definition and this is what came up fear is to be afraid of someone or something as likely to be dangerous painful or threatening and so in our life we're afraid when we're thinking wow this thing could hurt it could threaten or it could be dangerous you gotta see how closely they can be related fear there's no nothing that's happened yet that we're afraid of we're afraid of something we don't see we're afraid of a possibility of what might happen whereas faith is having hope in what we don't see the possibility of what hasn't happened yet it's all about what the object is it's all about belief fear is believing really deep down it's believing that God's word isn't true enough but faith is believing God's word is absolutely true and every word of it is true and to have true Faith you have to know what God's word says you have to know but I think a lot of times in our choices I'm assuming most of us in this church are Christians or at least claim to be Christians we all know Christian is someone who's accepted Christ in their heart I think we all make a lot of choices in this life and we desire to make choices out of faith without even realizing it a lot of our choices are influenced by fear and a lot of The Way We Walk in life the decisions we have before us that we're conflicted about fear is a big driving Factor that causes us to make choices that don't glorify God I know that's true in my life fear is a big driving factor that causes me not to do the things that I know are right because I'm afraid I'm afraid something's going to hurt or be painful or be dangerous some of you I'm assuming John Cook because he's on the internet like crazy I friended him on Facebook after the Pastors conference this year and every like 30 minutes there's something new on Facebook it's ridiculous some of it's really good stuff and he's got me really excited about the movie The Guardians of the Galaxy yeah there you go yeah I'm really looking forward to it looks awesome um but you might have seen uh this spring Jim Carrey did a commencement speech at a very small private university in Iowa it I won't go into all of what I think about Jim Carrey or about the university he went to um because I think we have some different beliefs but one thing he said in his speech I think is absolutely true absolutely true he said so many of us choose our path out of fear disguised as practicality we as people as especially men are very good at pretending we're afraid of nothing but really we make choices and disguise it our choice is made out of fear but we're really good at explaining why we did it and making it seem like this is the right thing to do because it's practical and I think a lot of times practicality is a great thing mind you being practical is great but if it's practicality based on fear rather than practicality based on faith you're really not going to do anything for God with your life and so I think a lot of times we Christians are overly cautious because of this fear that drives us fear of the world fear of what people are going to think of us fear of maybe this isn't the right choice all kinds of fear I know in my life there's a lot of fear that's caused me not to do what's right a few days ago I shared the story with y'all tears I was driving back from Montana and we stopped at the gas station in Minneapolis or Minnesota and there's a Bus full of hippies like actual real life hippies I've never seen real hippies before these are like real hippies there's like six of them in this big old bus the guy was standing out playing the banjo and the girl came up to us is like hey excuse us excuse me I was wondering if you could spare a gallon of gas because we're stranded and trying to get to Minneapolis I'm like okay hippies don't scare me that's cool I've never met them it's kind of like a special thing so I bought them some gas did the right thing good thing I bought gas for some hippies I was feeling pretty good about myself you know but then as I was driving away I had a thought in my head my thought was Tom you should give them a gospel tract this summer we all printed up our testimony our story of how he came to Christ and I had a few of them in my car I'm like wow this is an opportunity I can share not just the love of the gasoline but the love of Jesus with them and help them understand why I did what I did this is exactly what God wants me to do I know it but it's going to be inconvenient and the other people in my car probably just want to keep going and it'll take some time I'll just drive by I just drove by they waved at me I waved at them I didn't think anything of it I'm like ah I bought gas for some hippies this is a good day it's a good day then the Holy Spirit convicted me Tom you know that choice you just made that choice you bought gas that's good but the second choice you chose not to go do what you knew what you ought out of fear you were afraid you're afraid the people in your car would be feeling inconvenienced you were afraid that maybe the hippies would reject you which is funny because they're hippies right they love everybody I'm like wow it dawned on me I just did not share the gospel with six people in a van driving to Minneapolis with a banjo because I was afraid I was afraid plain and simple I had all the explanations well it's going to take time and we're busy we got a long way to drive we'll just keep going but really deep down I was just afraid fear drove my decision that was just such a minor thing but I think that happens to each and every one of us every single day we know in our heads the Holy Spirit prompts us with an idea you could do this you should go share with this person you should go over and talk to that person you should buy some gas you should buy your white flowers today I'm like ah it's expensive now forget it too prac I'm too practical for that and we reject good things and right things God wants us to do because our practicality is just covering up fear instead of faith so I just wanted to share a couple of thoughts with you guys here that have been helpful to me in helping to decide what I can do because I think every decision we make every decision we make if we take the time to slow down check our hearts and work on remembering God's word we can make decisions out of Faith rather than fear and maybe nobody around us will ever know the difference but to God it makes all the difference so did you know the Bible says do not fear over a hundred times God says it a lot to a lot of different people God does not want us to be afraid the reason why is because of what he's told us in his word if we have faith in his word fear won't be a factor in our lives if we really believe where it says in Romans 8 28 that God works all things together for good for those who are called who love him and are called according to his purpose we really believe every single little detail of our life God can redeem it and make it into something good for us if we really believe that what are we ever afraid of if we get in a car crash and are paralyzed well God can use that for good God loves you if you have faith and really believe God's word that someday our bodies are going to be you know no more he'll give us new bodies Better Bodies I hope I look like Arnold Schwarzenegger you know then I don't have to worry about this body as much and I'm Not Afraid about what happens to this body it's just it's just a piece of meat the real me is inside I have faith that someday the real me is going to be in heaven and it's gonna love every minute of it right now I'm only 29 but parts of me are creaking and falling apart and hurt and things like that I don't want to get as old as Dan I sure don't want to get as old as Dave that's scary that's yeah thanks I appreciate that and so a lot of times I know my friends they work out really hard because they're afraid they try to keep good care of their body because they're afraid of later in life they're afraid that what they're doing is going to have repercussions later that they're not going to like and that's okay I'm not saying that's wrong but I think they're missing out on an opportunity because I think what should really motivate us is Faith what does God say this body's nothing but it's like God says it's his Temple I take care of it well I don't I I should I'm still young I'm writing the young bubble where I don't actually have to work out or like eat right yet someday I will but take it for what it's worth um I want to take care of my body and I want to be fit because this is God's body I want to take care of it because he's given it to me as a stewardship not because I'm afraid of the future but because I trust God now I trust that it will please God if I do what's right with my body that he's given me I have a house I don't fix up my house just because I'm afraid of what will happen in the future if I don't I do it because God's entrusted it to me as a stewardship and I wanna take every step I can to be a good Steward of the house because God entrusted it to me he's expecting me to do well with this house I think every choice we make saving for retirement taking the kids to baseball practice not that I know anything about that yet or the saving for retirement part but um every choice we make we can have a choice between I am afraid for my future and where my money is going to come from in retirement or save out of Faith going I want to choose I know what's right God is the one who's in charge of finances he could take care of me if all the money in the world burned up right now and I had no money for the rest of my life God promises he'd take care of me he says seek first your my kingdom and my righteousness and everything else will be taken care of we really believe that we won't worry about tomorrow but I think a lot of times we do worry and we disguise it so I want to encourage you guys today to do two things one is to know the promises of God to know the promises of God it's not Dan's job or Dave's job or anyone else's job to tell you what God's word says you guys have a Bible if you don't have a Bible I'll give you mine because this is really important for you guys to walk in faith you guys need to know what God's word says and in order to choose what is true and right and to walk in faith with the correct hope you need to know what is God said he is going to do what's God's end of the bargain for me a big fear in my life was getting married I'm 29 I don't know all my most of my friends are married by now I'm one of the last ones people made fun of me for years for like Tom when are you gonna get married every freshman from Purdue University who comes in is like you're 29 and not married is there something wrong with you you know and seriously I was afraid I was afraid I made a choice I really believed you know God can help me find a very good wife I don't want just to marry someone I want someone who is going to help me pursue the kingdom of God with my whole heart I won't settle for anything less than that I want to run hard for God's kingdom but I was afraid what if what if God doesn't do that what if that's not the way God works what if I am like my grandma keeps reminding me he's like Tom if you're not dating girls you're never going to find anyone what if that's true you know and I was afraid but knowing God's word I planted my flag like the song we say sang earlier on Christ the solid rock I stand I plan on my flag on the word of God and decided no I don't care what my fears say I'm gonna believe God's word take it at face value and not worry about it if God said something he's going to do it I believe that in Psalms it says no good thing does he withhold from those who walk uprightly and so I believed that if it was good for me to have a wife God would give it to me and if he hasn't given it to me yet then therefore it's not yet good instead of worrying about is it going to happen I could have faith and believe based on God's word that is not good yet it's not good yet someday it will be right now it's good for me to be single but later it'll be good for me to be married if that's God's will and if not that's okay I trust God I could walk in faith instead of fear so I challenge you guys get in the word at our church our other path one of our other pastors he has a journal where every time he's reading in the morning he finds something a promise of God he writes it down in his journal and he's got this book it's just pages and pages and pages of God's end of the bargain of what God's going to do and a lot of God's promises are conditional for God says if you do this I will do this like if you are really concerned about seeing people come to Christ as we should be says he who sows abundantly reaps abundantly he who so sparingly reaps sparingly and then we can see oh God's word says if I sow abundantly I will reap abundantly and that's something I could stand on that if I go out and I share the gospel with a lot of people we'll see people come to Christ amen that's awesome but I think a lot of us so sparingly and God's word is still true we reap sparingly and so if we're walking a lot of times I'm super afraid when I'm sharing the gospel because what if they don't accept it but if I'm walking in faith I realize it doesn't matter if they accept it or not if I sow it enough somebody will somebody will accept it God's pleased with the sowing he's the one who causes the growth I don't need to worry about it stand on God's word know his promises it'll help you in your life and the second thing I would challenge you to do so the first one was stand on God's promises know his word and the second one is to start to understand your heart sorry start to understand your own heart okay Proverbs it says watch over your heart for from it flows the Springs of Life I think in our head most of us know a lot of the right answers about what it means to follow God or at least we're growing in that that's a good thing you're coming to church you're hearing the word taught that's great but a lot of times deep down in our heart we believe something else maybe you don't recognize this yet what you feel in your life is what your heart believes what you feel in your life is what your heart believes I found this to be true if I Believe In My Head that everything is going to be okay but my heart's saying it's not going to be okay something's going to go wrong deep down in my heart there's a conflict I'm double-minded my heart believes something else and my emotions follow whatever my heart believes instead of what my head believes and a good thing to do in life is when a decision is coming your way and you're freaking out about it oh my goodness what do I do just slow down and what is my heart saying right now like I don't want to think about all the logical decisions I have to make what is my heart telling me right now and does that line up with the scripture does that line up with What God Says and that's helped me a lot in a lot of decision making and at Purdue University there's a lot of students who are making big Life Choices like okay I don't know what major I'm supposed to be in what should I do or oh wow I have the opportunity to either go to Wisconsin for the summer or get an internship what do I do there was a young man named Josh I was talking with him about this he wanted to go to the summer program he just accepted Christ in this fall he wanted to go to the summer program but he was also thought I need an internship in order to graduate and so I was talking to him about okay well slow down it was really really anxious really worried about this decision and so we sat down we talked about it I'm like okay why do you want to go to the Dell stick well because I know it'll be good for me I know it'll be good for my faith and I know it's the right it God would want me to do that okay good why do you want to get an internship he said because I am afraid that if I don't have the internship I won't get a job when I graduate my instructor told me if I don't have an internship I won't get a job and so we talked through that it's like okay is that true does God's promise hold that if you seek first his kingdom that everything will be added to you including your future of employment in terms of being able to care for yourself and care for others and so we talked about it and he he prayed about it a lot he thought wow I think the Dells seems to be the right choice but later on he started praying I was like you know I think the internship actually is the right choice and so he went down and got the internship he's down there in faith he's running hard he's sharing the gospel with his new co-workers and his friends and different things and I don't know his whole heart but I do know that neither of the just the choices in and of themselves were right or wrong but the question was where was Josh's faith was he going to let the fear be what really drove him or was he going to make a choice based on the word of God and I was encouraged by him that he slowed down enough to not just go well I need a job I'm really freaking out about this see if later faith I'm going to go choose the world because I'm afraid of what's going to happen but he had enough Center of mind to slow down and recognize what the choice really was it was can I should I give my summer to pursue God or is this the summer God wants me to get an internship because getting an internship was a good thing for him but if he had made the choice just out of fear I think that would have been sin to him if he hadn't walked and made the choice with God's help it wouldn't have been right so those were my thoughts for you guys for today I just want to encourage you guys I think fear is a a subtle thing that we miss a lot I don't know if it's something that you struggle with as much as I do I do a lot and if we walk in faith there's a verse I read this morning in second Thessalonians I think if we walk in faith God is the one who gives us the peace it says at the end in second Thessalonians 3 16 it says now may the Lord of Peace himself give you peace at all time in every way the Lord be with you all and so if we walk in with the Lord in our decisions thank you [Music] Foundation Bible Church in conveniently located two blocks Northwest of the Janesville Athletic Club

thank you this morning i thought we would talk a little about faith and fear in our decision making because in a this is a great verse i wanted to start with in hebrews 12 verse one i do not know do you guys use bibles in this church yeah go the king james version right dan should i read out of the english standard version which is very similar to the new american standard version only it comes in cool looking bibles like this it has got like patterns and things on it this is very important if you are in ministry these are little things they do not teach you in bible school yeah so we know that if christ died for our sins if we know that he has brought us to new life if we know that he is coming again someday and like the scripture says this world the heavens and the earth are going to be destroyed with fire and that he is going to bring a new heaven and a new earth it talks a little it should help us understand a little bit of how we should live now and how we should think now like say you have a car and you have got a time bomb strapped to the back of it okay and you are driving around town when the clock is ticking down from 10 to one you are not going to take the car in to get it washed and waxed because it does not matter the car is just going to blow up it makes no difference whatsoever how the car looks when it blows up the same thing is true with our earthly life here god gives us this life and it does not matter what we do in this earth in terms of having the best stuff having a great house having the perfect little family that everybody looks up to none of that makes any difference what matters what matters is do we love god with all of our heart soul mind and strength and do we love our neighbors at ourself and have we given our lives to running with endurance the race he is put before us to make disciples of all the nations that is what our movement is founded on as the great commission is the idea that every single person in this room every single person who has the holy spirit of god living in them has been called to the mission of making disciples because they have been called to step out of their comfort zone and live their life for the sake of others coming to know christ as their savior and helping them to grow to maturity if we understand that i hope we all do at least in our heads i know all of us every single one of us struggles with that in our heart with really truly every day walking in what god wants us to do and that is that is part of life but our goal our desire should be to run hard for the rest of our lives for god and for what he wants so i hope we are all i gave you a nice little introduction there i hope we all turn to hebrews 121 it should not have taken as long as i talked i will forewarn you paul dan said i could talk anywhere between 20 minutes and an hour and 20 minutes this summer i had to talk i had 45 minutes and i went for an hour and 15 and did not even realize it i was not done so we will see how this goes what am i supposed to be done anyways dan it does not matter no closing time all right so here here we go hebrews 121 this is a verse after the author of hebrews is talking about the hall of faith it is this list of all the people that were justified by faith to encourage us in our walk but hebrews 121 is right after that says therefore since we have are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses let us also lay aside every weight and sin which closes clings so closely and let us run with endurance the race that has set before us so we are encouraged to run with endurance to race that is set before us but it says there are 2 things that can slow us down that can cling to us and trip us up as we are running for god 2 things okay 1st one says let us lay aside every weight and the 2nd thing is let us lay aside our sin and if you notice there is a difference between weights and sins in terms of things that will cause us not to run for god and so we all know sin sins are choices or behaviors in our life that are directly in disobedience to god is law or the way god is designed this world and for the most part i know very well what my sins are i am pretty well acquainted with my sin i know when i am being disobedient to god i know when i am being rebellious and that is part of our fallen nature that still clings to us our sin and god wants us to grow and be sanctified and to turn away from our sin but there is another thing in here that will slow us down and i want to talk a little bit about that today the new american standard version calls it an encumbrance or a weighty thing there are things in our life that weigh us down they are not sin per se but they weigh us down and they slow us down from following god with our whole heart and there is one particular weight i want to talk to you guys about today and that is the weight of fear in our decisions i know for me i am a coward everything i do i am actually pretty scared of coming here today to talk to you guys is toward the bottom of the things i wanted to do this morning in terms of what i want because i am scared of you guys i am what if i say the wrong thing what if i do the wrong thing what if you guys get angry at me and stone me like stephen i do not know how your church works i have never been here before i hear there is a while there that every gcli which is our leadership conference for our movement dan would recruit everyone to come and speak at foundation and there is a whole line of people who would come and speak here but i never heard of him coming back scares me when sharing the gospel with people i am scared i am scared i have shaking my boots every time we have to go evangelize this there is times i sit in my car when our church says we are going to go out and evangelize and i am literally shaking and praying i do not want to do this i am scared to death of talking to people it is a funny story when i was in college my mom had always cut my hair growing up she always cut my hair but then i decided to actually get a real haircut i pulled up to the barber shop and i was petrified i had no idea what to do you go in a barber shop like how do you want it done i have seen the movies i do not know how i want my hair cut just cut it mom just cuts it why are all these questions scared i am a scaredy cat by nature and so fear in my life has been one of the biggest things that slows me down in truly running hard for god and so i want to encourage you guys with a couple of thoughts i had i think a lot of times in our own lives without even realizing it fear dictates a lot of what we do and the choices we make whether big or small whether what job are we going to work at or are we going to go to mcdonald is or wendy is for lunch are dictated out of fear instead of out of faith and it says in the word whatever is not from faith is sin so we are making choices in life that are not driven by faith it is basically saying i do not trust god enough to really believe what he says i think there is faith in every decision we make so 1st off what is faith what is fear i think that is a good thing to get our wrap our minds around because i think in a lot of ways they are pretty much the same thing let us turn to hebrews 11 back a page verse one i imagine many of us are well acquainted with this verse it is kind of the definition of what faith is all right hebrews 11 verse one it says now faith is the assurance of things hoped for the convictions of things not seen and i look at that being a pastor is kid i knew this verse forward and backwards i never really understood what it meant i am like i do not assurance of things hoped for and convictions of things not seen i do not even get it what is that talking about so i thought it would be good to break it down a little bit here it says now the faith the definition of faith is the assurance of things hoped for and the word there in the greek for assurance it has the idea of something that you build upon it is like the foundation so faith is the foundation of our hope our faith and our belief is what our hope is built upon without faith there is no hope and without hope faith is really really kind of not that great it is just a foundation it is like you are building a house the foundation holds up the house you just have a foundation and no house it i mean it might be nice as a swimming pool but not very good as a house so our faith is our foundation that we build our hope upon and the conviction of the things not seen the word conviction there has the idea of the proof our faith proves what we cannot see it is what holds it to be true and so that is what faith is faith helps us really believe what we can not see that there is an invisible god who created this world created every single one of us in his image who give gave us his written word to help us understand that in reality he loves us that were sinful but that he solved our problem he wants us to be with him so he gave his son to die for our sins that we could be with him for eternity and someday he is going to come he is going to take us with him that is our faith that is what we are convinced of if we really have true faith in saying someday either when i die or when the lord comes home i have an eternal life that will continue on and that is our hope that is what faith brings is if we have faith in the word of god we have true and real hope in our hearts so that is faith so what about fear i think fear is the same thing only instead of the object being hope the object is anticipated pain we fear fear is the assurance of future pain the fear is the conviction that things unseen are going to be bad they are not going to be good and so when we fear what we are really saying is wow i think the future is going to hurt webster is dictionary i pulled it up i just googled fear definition and this is what came up fear is to be afraid of someone or something as likely to be dangerous painful or threatening and so in our life we are afraid when we are thinking wow this thing could hurt it could threaten or it could be dangerous you got to see how closely they can be related fear there is no nothing that is happened yet that we are afraid of we are afraid of something we do not see we are afraid of a possibility of what might happen whereas faith is having hope in what we do not see the possibility of what has not happened yet it is all about what the object is it is all about belief fear is believing really deep down it is believing that god is word is not true enough but faith is believing god is word is absolutely true and every word of it is true and to have true faith you have to know what god is word says you have to know but i think a lot of times in our choices i am assuming most of us in this church are christians or at least claim to be christians we all know christian is someone who is accepted christ in their heart i think we all make a lot of choices in this life and we desire to make choices out of faith without even realizing it a lot of our choices are influenced by fear and a lot of the way we walk in life the decisions we have before us that we are conflicted about fear is a big driving factor that causes us to make choices that do not glorify god i know that is true in my life fear is a big driving factor that causes me not to do the things that i know are right because i am afraid i am afraid something is going to hurt or be painful or be dangerous some of you i am assuming john cook because he is on the internet like crazy i friended him on facebook after the pastors conference this year and every like 30 minutes there is something new on facebook it is ridiculous some of it is really good stuff and he has got me really excited about the movie the guardians of the galaxy yeah there you go yeah i am really looking forward to it looks awesome but you might have seen this spring jim carrey did a commencement speech at a very small private university in iowa it i will not go into all of what i think about jim carrey or about the university he went to because i think we have some different beliefs but one thing he said in his speech i think is absolutely true absolutely true he said so many of us choose our path out of fear disguised as practicality we as people as especially men are very good at pretending we are afraid of nothing but really we make choices and disguise it our choice is made out of fear but we are really good at explaining why we did it and making it seem like this is the right thing to do because it is practical and i think a lot of times practicality is a great thing mind you being practical is great but if it is practicality based on fear rather than practicality based on faith you are really not going to do anything for god with your life and so i think a lot of times we christians are overly cautious because of this fear that drives us fear of the world fear of what people are going to think of us fear of maybe this is not the right choice all kinds of fear i know in my life there is a lot of fear that is caused me not to do what is right a few days ago i shared the story with you all tears i was driving back from montana and we stopped at the gas station in minneapolis or minnesota and there is a bus full of hippies like actual real life hippies i have never seen real hippies before these are like real hippies there is like 6 of them in this big old bus the guy was standing out playing the banjo and the girl came up to us is like hey excuse us excuse me i was wondering if you could spare a gallon of gas because we are stranded and trying to get to minneapolis i am like okay hippies do not scare me that is cool i have never met them it is kind of like a special thing so i bought them some gas did the right thing good thing i bought gas for some hippies i was feeling pretty good about myself you know but then as i was driving away i had a thought in my head my thought was tom you should give them a gospel tract this summer we all printed up our testimony our story of how he came to christ and i had a few of them in my car i am like wow this is an opportunity i can share not just the love of the gasoline but the love of jesus with them and help them understand why i did what i did this is exactly what god wants me to do i know it but it is going to be inconvenient and the other people in my car probably just want to keep going and it will take some time i will just drive by i just drove by they waved at me i waved at them i did not think anything of it i am like ah i bought gas for some hippies this is a good day it is a good day then the holy spirit convicted me tom you know that choice you just made that choice you bought gas that is good but the 2nd choice you chose not to go do what you knew what you ought out of fear you were afraid you are afraid the people in your car would be feeling inconvenienced you were afraid that maybe the hippies would reject you which is funny because they are hippies right they love everybody i am like wow it dawned on me i just did not share the gospel with 6 people in a van driving to minneapolis with a banjo because i was afraid i was afraid plain and simple i had all the explanations well it is going to take time and we are busy we got a long way to drive we will just keep going but really deep down i was just afraid fear drove my decision that was just such a minor thing but i think that happens to each and every one of us every single day we know in our heads the holy spirit prompts us with an idea you could do this you should go share with this person you should go over and talk to that person you should buy some gas you should buy your white flowers today i am like ah it is expensive now forget it too prac i am too practical for that and we reject good things and right things god wants us to do because our practicality is just covering up fear instead of faith so i just wanted to share a couple of thoughts with you guys here that have been helpful to me in helping to decide what i can do because i think every decision we make every decision we make if we take the time to slow down check our hearts and work on remembering god is word we can make decisions out of faith rather than fear and maybe nobody around us will ever know the difference but to god it makes all the difference so did you know the bible says do not fear over a 100 times god says it a lot to a lot of different people god does not want us to be afraid the reason why is because of what he is told us in his word if we have faith in his word fear will not be a factor in our lives if we really believe where it says in romans 8 28 that god works all things together for good for those who are called who love him and are called according to his purpose we really believe every single little detail of our life god can redeem it and make it into something good for us if we really believe that what are we ever afraid of if we get in a car crash and are paralyzed well god can use that for good god loves you if you have faith and really believe god is word that someday our bodies are going to be you know no more he will give us new bodies better bodies i hope i look like arnold schwarzenegger you know then i do not have to worry about this body as much and i am not afraid about what happens to this body it is just it is just a piece of meat the real me is inside i have faith that someday the real me is going to be in heaven and it is going to love every minute of it right now i am only 29 but parts of me are creaking and falling apart and hurt and things like that i do not want to get as old as dan i sure do not want to get as old as dave that is scary that is yeah thanks i appreciate that and so a lot of times i know my friends they work out really hard because they are afraid they try to keep good care of their body because they are afraid of later in life they are afraid that what they are doing is going to have repercussions later that they are not going to like and that is okay i am not saying that is wrong but i think they are missing out on an opportunity because i think what should really motivate us is faith what does god say this body is nothing but it is like god says it is his temple i take care of it well i do not i i should i am still young i am writing the young bubble where i do not actually have to work out or like eat right yet someday i will but take it for what it is worth i want to take care of my body and i want to be fit because this is god is body i want to take care of it because he is given it to me as a stewardship not because i am afraid of the future but because i trust god now i trust that it will please god if i do what is right with my body that he is given me i have a house i do not fix up my house just because i am afraid of what will happen in the future if i do not i do it because god is entrusted it to me as a stewardship and i want to take every step i can to be a good steward of the house because god entrusted it to me he is expecting me to do well with this house i think every choice we make saving for retirement taking the kids to baseball practice not that i know anything about that yet or the saving for retirement part but every choice we make we can have a choice between i am afraid for my future and where my money is going to come from in retirement or save out of faith going i want to choose i know what is right god is the one who is in charge of finances he could take care of me if all the money in the world burned up right now and i had no money for the rest of my life god promises he would take care of me he says seek 1st your my kingdom and my righteousness and everything else will be taken care of we really believe that we will not worry about tomorrow but i think a lot of times we do worry and we disguise it so i want to encourage you guys today to do 2 things one is to know the promises of god to know the promises of god it is not dan is job or dave is job or anyone else is job to tell you what god is word says you guys have a bible if you do not have a bible i will give you mine because this is really important for you guys to walk in faith you guys need to know what god is word says and in order to choose what is true and right and to walk in faith with the correct hope you need to know what is god said he is going to do what is god is end of the bargain for me a big fear in my life was getting married i am 29 i do not know all my most of my friends are married by now i am one of the last ones people made fun of me for years for like tom when are you going to get married every freshman from purdue university who comes in is like you are 29 and not married is there something wrong with you you know and seriously i was afraid i was afraid i made a choice i really believed you know god can help me find a very good wife i do not want just to marry someone i want someone who is going to help me pursue the kingdom of god with my whole heart i will not settle for anything less than that i want to run hard for god is kingdom but i was afraid what if what if god does not do that what if that is not the way god works what if i am like my grandma keeps reminding me he is like tom if you are not dating girls you are never going to find anyone what if that is true you know and i was afraid but knowing god is word i planted my flag like the song we say sang earlier on christ the solid rock i stand i plan on my flag on the word of god and decided no i do not care what my fears say i am going to believe god is word take it at face value and not worry about it if god said something he is going to do it i believe that in psalms it says no good thing does he withhold from those who walk uprightly and so i believed that if it was good for me to have a wife god would give it to me and if he has not given it to me yet then therefore it is not yet good instead of worrying about is it going to happen i could have faith and believe based on god is word that is not good yet it is not good yet someday it will be right now it is good for me to be single but later it will be good for me to be married if that is god is will and if not that is okay i trust god i could walk in faith instead of fear so i challenge you guys get in the word at our church our other path one of our other pastors he has a journal where every time he is reading in the morning he finds something a promise of god he writes it down in his journal and he has got this book it is just pages and pages and pages of god is end of the bargain of what god is going to do and a lot of god is promises are conditional for god says if you do this i will do this like if you are really concerned about seeing people come to christ as we should be says he who sows abundantly reaps abundantly he who so sparingly reaps sparingly and then we can see 0 god is word says if i sow abundantly i will reap abundantly and that is something i could stand on that if i go out and i share the gospel with a lot of people we will see people come to christ amen that is awesome but i think a lot of us so sparingly and god is word is still true we reap sparingly and so if we are walking a lot of times i am super afraid when i am sharing the gospel because what if they do not accept it but if i am walking in faith i realize it does not matter if they accept it or not if i sow it enough somebody will somebody will accept it god is pleased with the sowing he is the one who causes the growth i do not need to worry about it stand on god is word know his promises it will help you in your life and the 2nd thing i would challenge you to do so the 1st one was stand on god is promises know his word and the 2nd one is to start to understand your heart sorry start to understand your own heart okay proverbs it says watch over your heart for from it flows the springs of life i think in our head most of us know a lot of the right answers about what it means to follow god or at least we are growing in that that is a good thing you are coming to church you are hearing the word taught that is great but a lot of times deep down in our heart we believe something else maybe you do not recognize this yet what you feel in your life is what your heart believes what you feel in your life is what your heart believes i found this to be true if i believe in my head that everything is going to be okay but my heart is saying it is not going to be okay something is going to go wrong deep down in my heart there is a conflict i am double minded my heart believes something else and my emotions follow whatever my heart believes instead of what my head believes and a good thing to do in life is when a decision is coming your way and you are freaking out about it 0 my goodness what do i do just slow down and what is my heart saying right now like i do not want to think about all the logical decisions i have to make what is my heart telling me right now and does that line up with the scripture does that line up with what god says and that is helped me a lot in a lot of decision making and at purdue university there is a lot of students who are making big life choices like okay i do not know what major i am supposed to be in what should i do or 0 wow i have the opportunity to either go to wisconsin for the summer or get an internship what do i do there was a young man named josh i was talking with him about this he wanted to go to the summer program he just accepted christ in this fall he wanted to go to the summer program but he was also thought i need an internship in order to graduate and so i was talking to him about okay well slow down it was really really anxious really worried about this decision and so we sat down we talked about it i am like okay why do you want to go to the dell stick well because i know it will be good for me i know it will be good for my faith and i know it is the right it god would want me to do that okay good why do you want to get an internship he said because i am afraid that if i do not have the internship i will not get a job when i graduate my instructor told me if i do not have an internship i will not get a job and so we talked through that it is like okay is that true does god is promise hold that if you seek 1st his kingdom that everything will be added to you including your future of employment in terms of being able to care for yourself and care for others and so we talked about it and he he prayed about it a lot he thought wow i think the dells seems to be the right choice but later on he started praying i was like you know i think the internship actually is the right choice and so he went down and got the internship he is down there in faith he is running hard he is sharing the gospel with his new co workers and his friends and different things and i do not know his whole heart but i do know that neither of the just the choices in and of themselves were right or wrong but the question was where was josh is faith was he going to let the fear be what really drove him or was he going to make a choice based on the word of god and i was encouraged by him that he slowed down enough to not just go well i need a job i am really freaking out about this see if later faith i am going to go choose the world because i am afraid of what is going to happen but he had enough center of mind to slow down and recognize what the choice really was it was can i should i give my summer to pursue god or is this the summer god wants me to get an internship because getting an internship was a good thing for him but if he had made the choice just out of fear i think that would have been sin to him if he had not walked and made the choice with god is help it would not have been right so those were my thoughts for you guys for today i just want to encourage you guys i think fear is a a subtle thing that we miss a lot i do not know if it is something that you struggle with as much as i do i do a lot and if we walk in faith there is a verse i read this morning in 2nd thessalonians i think if we walk in faith god is the one who gives us the peace it says at the end in 2nd thessalonians 3 16 it says now may the lord of peace himself give you peace at all time in every way the lord be with you all and so if we walk in with the lord in our decisions thank you foundation bible church in conveniently located 2 blocks northwest of the janesville athletic club

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rwuO68aF3g

that is young - OH once again dinitrogen monoxide are nitrogen one oxide are nitrous oxide or it is a laughing gas now this will be represented as n double bond n double bond o in which the terminal nitrogen with two nonbonding pair of electrons and there is no nonbonding pair of electrons expected on middle nitrogen and two nonbonding pair of electrons two pairs are present at oxygen or it will show resonance form with another ice over N double bond in Oh the two are nitrous oxides only are dinitrogen monoxide only the dinitrogen monoxide either present in this structure are present in this structure these two are called as resonance structures of dinitrogen monoxide in this resonance structure the terminal nitrogen with one nonbonding pair of electron again there is no nonbonding pair of electron expected to present with second nitrogen and three pairs of nonbonding electrons present at oxygen and this is Lewis dot structure proposed for yun - whoa dinitrogen monoxide and here in dinitrogen monoxide the bond lengths present in between nitrogen nitrogen and nitrogen oxygen are 1 1 3 Pico meters of bond length identified in between two nitrogen's whereas 1 1 9 Pico meters of bond angle sorry one one five one one nine Pico meters of bond angle identified in between nitrogen and oxygen similarly what is the next - one more ax oxide we learned about that is nitric oxide which is also colonized nitrogen monoxide are also called as nitrogen - oxide the structure of nitrogen - oxide will be present as en double bond o in which the nitrogen with two nonbonding pair of electrons and oxygen with two nonbonding pair of electrons and in addition to this one more non one more single electron present with nitrogen or we can also represent it as in double bond o in which nitrogen with two pails of nonbonding electrons and oxygen with two pits followed by single electron found to exist with nitro oxygen here in nitric oxide our nitrogen monoxide the bond angle present in between nitrogen and oxygen is 1 1 5 Pico meters 1 1 5 Pico meters of bond angle present in in between nitrogen and oxygen whereas what is the one more oxide we just now young 203 what is the name of the compound dinitrogen trioxide or nitrogen 3 oxide here the dinitrogen trioxide will have the geometry like n n double bond o o double bond o R it will show its resonance form as in double bond o in here is the double bond o and here is single bond o in the first two resonance structure of dinitrogen trioxide the oxygen atoms will show nonbonding pair of electron two pairs of nonbonding nonbonding electrons and one pair of nonbonding electrons at night Rosen and no nonbonding pair of electrons and here is this oxygen with three pairs of nonbonding electrons and here is two pairs of nonbonding electrons but in its resonance form here two pairs of nonbonding electrons only one pair here is the two pairs and this oxygen with three pairs of nonbonding electrons so this is a Lewis dot structure of n 2o 3 here in the Lewis dot structure n o n oh I hope why we are going to consider it is the bond angle present in between oxygen nitrogen nitrogen bodies nearly one not seven degrees and the bond angle present in wind between these two is 130 degrees now the bond lengths are here is 98 picometers 180 point one Pico meters and nearly one pot one one to picometers one one to picometers 98 picometers nearly 180 point one Pico meters of bond angles present sorry bond lengths present similarly let us have one more what is the next one nitrogen dioxide the nitrogen dioxide will how this type of geometry oh oh the double bonded oxygen with two pairs of nonbonding electrons and single bonded oxygen with three pairs of nonbonding electrons and this night rose and with only single electron here it will show its a resonance structure we can represent it as oh and one side double bond o again the single bonded oxygen with three pairs of nonbonding electrons and whatever the oxygen connected with the double bond with nitrogen having two pairs and again nitrogen with a lone pair next one what is the next oxide in our discussion yun 2:04 what is n2 dinitrogen tetroxide so the dinitrogen tetroxide will have n in double bond o double bond o here is the single bond o here is the single bond o o it will show one more resonance form n in single bond o double bond o so we can write some different here o here is the double bond o here is the single bond let us have Lu let us apply Lewis dot structures on to the respected geometries of dinitrogen tetroxide or nitrogen for oxide again whatever the oxygen connected with single bond with nitrogen with three pairs of nonbonding electrons and this oxygen double bonded connected with nitrogen with two pits and single bonded oxygen with three pairs and double bonded oxygen to pierce the same apply here three pairs of electrons here two pairs of electrons here two pairs of electrons here and the single bonded oxygen with three pairs of electrons so this is low it is lowest dot structure of n2o4 in these there is no electrons additionally present nonbonding pair of electrons expected to present with nitrogen atoms next young 205 as per our previous explanation the last oxide resulting from nitrogen and oxygen is yun 205 dinitrogen pentoxide our nitrogen v oxide this nitrogen 5 oxide will show this type of geometry o o n double bond o o one more resonance form available for this compound as o n double bond oh oh here is double bond oh oh the two are resonance forms a small change the double bond o our two sides a same side but here in it's another resonance form that double bonds are opposed it said how they are going to form just a very simple one the oxygen is going to donate its nonbonding pair of electrons towards the nitrogen oxygen these electrons migrate son do this here while the electrons are moving towards this oxygen there is excess of one more pair of electrons and n double bond o character converted into Yin single bond whoa whereas when these two electrons are shifting towards oxygen or nitrogen side single bond whoa converted into double bond with the less of one pair of electrons similarly let us apply here the same concept what is the previously lent concept whatever the oxygen with single bond with three pairs one two three bits whereas the double bonded oxygen with two pairs and the middle oxygen with two pills because of two or two bonds here and this oxygen also with two pairs but the single bonded oxygen with three beams the same concept here three pairs of electrons two pairs of electrons here is also two pairs of electrons here is the two pairs of electrons but here three pairs of electrons so this is the Lewis dot structure proposed for nitrogen oxides so once again nitrous oxide nitric nitric oxide dinitrogen trioxide nitrogen dioxide dinitrogen tetroxide i'm dinitrogen pentoxide here these are also shows some bond angles here oh oh and similarly we can represent some bond lengths and bond angles during this representation oh oh here and we can show here n Oh N oh oh oh

that is young 0 once again dinitrogen monoxide are nitrogen one oxide are nitrous oxide or it is a laughing gas now this will be represented as n double bond n double bond 0 in which the terminal nitrogen with 2 nonbonding pair of electrons and there is no nonbonding pair of electrons expected on middle nitrogen and 2 nonbonding pair of electrons 2 pairs are present at oxygen or it will show resonance form with another ice over n double bond in 0 the 2 are nitrous oxides only are dinitrogen monoxide only the dinitrogen monoxide either present in this structure are present in this structure these 2 are called as resonance structures of dinitrogen monoxide in this resonance structure the terminal nitrogen with one nonbonding pair of electron again there is no nonbonding pair of electron expected to present with 2nd nitrogen and 3 pairs of nonbonding electrons present at oxygen and this is lewis dot structure proposed for yun whoa dinitrogen monoxide and here in dinitrogen monoxide the bond lengths present in between nitrogen nitrogen and nitrogen oxygen are 11 3 pico meters of bond length identified in between 2 nitrogen is whereas 11 9 pico meters of bond angle sorry 115119 pico meters of bond angle identified in between nitrogen and oxygen similarly what is the next one more ax oxide we learned about that is nitric oxide which is also colonized nitrogen monoxide are also called as nitrogen oxide the structure of nitrogen oxide will be present as en double bond 0 in which the nitrogen with 2 nonbonding pair of electrons and oxygen with 2 nonbonding pair of electrons and in addition to this one more non one more single electron present with nitrogen or we can also represent it as in double bond 0 in which nitrogen with 2 pails of nonbonding electrons and oxygen with 2 pits followed by single electron found to exist with nitro oxygen here in nitric oxide our nitrogen monoxide the bond angle present in between nitrogen and oxygen is 11 5 pico meters 11 5 pico meters of bond angle present in in between nitrogen and oxygen whereas what is the one more oxide we just now young 203 what is the name of the compound dinitrogen trioxide or nitrogen 3 oxide here the dinitrogen trioxide will have the geometry like n n double bond 0 double bond 0 r it will show its resonance form as in double bond 0 in here is the double bond 0 and here is single bond 0 in the 1st 2 resonance structure of dinitrogen trioxide the oxygen atoms will show nonbonding pair of electron 2 pairs of nonbonding nonbonding electrons and one pair of nonbonding electrons at night rosen and no nonbonding pair of electrons and here is this oxygen with 3 pairs of nonbonding electrons and here is 2 pairs of nonbonding electrons but in its resonance form here 2 pairs of nonbonding electrons only one pair here is the 2 pairs and this oxygen with 3 pairs of nonbonding electrons so this is a lewis dot structure of n 20 3 here in the lewis dot structure n 0 n 0 i hope why we are going to consider it is the bond angle present in between oxygen nitrogen nitrogen bodies nearly one not 7 degrees and the bond angle present in wind between these 2 is 130 degrees now the bond lengths are here is 98 picometers 181 pico meters and nearly one pot 11 to picometers 11 to picometers 98 picometers nearly 181 pico meters of bond angles present sorry bond lengths present similarly let us have one more what is the next one nitrogen dioxide the nitrogen dioxide will how this type of geometry 0 the double bonded oxygen with 2 pairs of nonbonding electrons and single bonded oxygen with 3 pairs of nonbonding electrons and this night rose and with only single electron here it will show its a resonance structure we can represent it as 0 and one side double bond 0 again the single bonded oxygen with 3 pairs of nonbonding electrons and whatever the oxygen connected with the double bond with nitrogen having 2 pairs and again nitrogen with a lone pair next one what is the next oxide in our discussion yun 2 4 what is n 2 dinitrogen tetroxide so the dinitrogen tetroxide will have n in double bond 0 double bond 0 here is the single bond 0 here is the single bond 0 it will show one more resonance form n in single bond 0 double bond 0 so we can write some different here 0 here is the double bond 0 here is the single bond let us have lu let us apply lewis dot structures on to the respected geometries of dinitrogen tetroxide or nitrogen for oxide again whatever the oxygen connected with single bond with nitrogen with 3 pairs of nonbonding electrons and this oxygen double bonded connected with nitrogen with 2 pits and single bonded oxygen with 3 pairs and double bonded oxygen to pierce the same apply here 3 pairs of electrons here 2 pairs of electrons here 2 pairs of electrons here and the single bonded oxygen with 3 pairs of electrons so this is low it is lowest dot structure of n 20 4 in these there is no electrons additionally present nonbonding pair of electrons expected to present with nitrogen atoms next young 205 as per our previous explanation the last oxide resulting from nitrogen and oxygen is yun 205 dinitrogen pentoxide our nitrogen v oxide this nitrogen 5 oxide will show this type of geometry 0 n double bond one more resonance form available for this compound as 0 n double bond 0 here is double bond 0 the 2 are resonance forms a small change the double bond 0 our 2 sides a same side but here in it is another resonance form that double bonds are opposed it said how they are going to form just a very simple one the oxygen is going to donate its nonbonding pair of electrons towards the nitrogen oxygen these electrons migrate son do this here while the electrons are moving towards this oxygen there is excess of one more pair of electrons and n double bond 0 character converted into yin single bond whoa whereas when these 2 electrons are shifting towards oxygen or nitrogen side single bond whoa converted into double bond with the less of one pair of electrons similarly let us apply here the same concept what is the previously lent concept whatever the oxygen with single bond with 3 pairs 123 bits whereas the double bonded oxygen with 2 pairs and the middle oxygen with 2 pills because of 2 or 2 bonds here and this oxygen also with 2 pairs but the single bonded oxygen with 3 beams the same concept here 3 pairs of electrons 2 pairs of electrons here is also 2 pairs of electrons here is the 2 pairs of electrons but here 3 pairs of electrons so this is the lewis dot structure proposed for nitrogen oxides so once again nitrous oxide nitric nitric oxide dinitrogen trioxide nitrogen dioxide dinitrogen tetroxide i am dinitrogen pentoxide here these are also shows some bond angles here 0 and similarly we can represent some bond lengths and bond angles during this representation 0 here and we can show here n 0 n 0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yvg5Z5u2D4

[Laughter] what was that that was so useless all right what up [Music] what's going on guys if you want to support our content and pick up this month's amazing patreon rewards you can do so at patreon.com it resolves if you're interested in custom play mats and sleeves visit yourplaymatt.com and use code it resolves 10yp for 10 off your entire purchase what is going on everybody and welcome back to some more standard gameplay i hope you guys are doing exceptionally well today we got a weird one uh we got a really weird one this deck is by slay anything and it's a haunted crabs list as he calls it uh which i'm very interested in basically the idea is to create basically make everything a crab with things like maskwood nexus so the idea is that uh ruin crab is obviously the mill feature here you make everything a land with a shia so anytime a creature comes down it mills uh but you can hopefully play lands from your graveyard and trigger abilities twice with the ancient green warden and then bring everything back with haunting voyage if you've got maskwood nexus out that plays for crabs i don't know it's a weird one but we're gonna give it a shot uh the idea is essentially though it's okay if these ruin crabs die because we are able to bring them back uh you can foretell this obviously which is nice um it's i don't know this is gonna be weird i've not tried this deck at all i don't really know how to describe it we're gonna be learning together as we go through this i just thought it looked really interesting so i kind of wanted to try this one see what we could do we do have innkeeper to help gain us a little bit of life and give us some treasure token which is nice uh the meat hook massacre is obviously at an all-time high in this kind of deck because you can kill everything and then bring stuff back it doesn't matter uh and then of course agadene's awakening things like that to bring stuff back as well so i don't know we're gonna see how it goes guys this should be really really silly uh we'll go through a handful of games we may not do the full like 30 minutes but we'll definitely get some games in here and hopefully have some fun but again slay anything thank you so much uh you posted this deck on aetherhub and it just really caught my eye so i had to try it let's see what we can do all right guys here we are for game number one uh now we don't actually have a blue source for the ruin crab but we do have the innkeepers i'm gonna try it again this is a learning experience guys i've got no idea what to expect with this one uh but i do think it will be really really silly or at least very very fun uh and so i don't know we're we're gonna have some fun today earlier we did play the jun super friends list which was amazing uh truthfully it was just a really really good deck and so i do encourage you guys to check that one out um i think this is a little bit more on the silly end naturally uh which is fine i like silly decks so this is great let's gain a life here um a little worried about this delver of secrets i'm assuming this is gonna have like faded hopes and things like that that we're gonna have to worry about so uh we will see they oopsed oh they revealed the cloudkins here that's fine um it really doesn't matter i mean they shouldn't have revealed it that's for sure uh but that's okay uh if they were to attack in we would not block by the way uh just to be safe let's go ahead and do this this is gonna mill uh and i actually okay hear me out i'm gonna meet hook massacre for one so this does kill our innkeeper but crucially it kills the delver as well uh and i kind of like that i don't really want to die to delver delver's just an annoying card plus this is just helpful to have down anyway because they are probably gonna try and kill some of our stuff so okay that's kind of fine it's not great but give me a land please give me a land all right so at least they uh they take a damage there all right that's not great um i mean we throw this out uh and we pass i think i think we just kind of try and get the maskwood nexus down uh at some point here what this allows us to do is if we have no other plays in hand we can at least spit out a two-two creature that essentially becomes a crab um which is kind of funny so i don't know this is a weird one guys i don't really know what to tell you uh sure this is also kind of an oddball not an old ball deck but like just a bit of a stranger one um we do see a lot of delver decks hitting standard of course at the moment but they're generally not that great uh i'm actually going to attack in here we can't block if they want to trade they can trade um yes this is a life gain quote unquote but it's not all that helpful um all right that just slowed the damage race down uh the meat hook massacre is also helping us out here by padding our life total a little bit um okay i mean it's a land i will take it let's activate the ability here and get that uh that tutu again we just kind of want to have creatures out at this point we can palm the forbidden at some point as well just to draw some cards but really we just need lands uh return up to two creature cards okay so we can actually pick anything that's kind of nice um if we foretell this we actually can get all of them but we've only got three at the moment so it's really not the end of the world all right they lose a life for that but that's fine interesting that they that's an odd card to to play uh all right i mean we're just gonna keep doing this because we can't really do anything else thankfully this isn't dealing that much to us um at least at the moment okay is this a wizard yeah all right i mean it's funny because basically we just have an endless supply of tutus which are not that great but they do have to kind of deal with them because they can block like the ravager and stuff uh there's a blue land that's not bad actually um let's do this and i think we just leave up the forbidden here to help us draw a card if we need to this is a weird very very weird deck uh i really like it it's not even doing that much at the moment but i really like it yeah that's fine what you got uh is it all runs epiphany no it's straw okay i mean that's very good one top one bottom and then draw sure all right if they attack we just block um they did not i'm definitely doing this so we can we just need to draw some stuff here we do lose two life i guess in this transaction but i'm kind of okay with that all right there's old stick fingers uh old stick fingers is actually really funny um we can play this for three uh or maybe just two let's throw this out first let's throw this out for two um this may not be that great i don't really know old stick fingers is a great way of filling up the graveyard which is quite nice um and it is a five five now so that's pretty good but they do have just bounce effects in their deck so it's like not that great uh hey at least we got around that that's cool uh we'll create a treasure token and now we've got a six six old stick fingers so at the very least burn is a little bit more difficult to hit with old stick fingers i mean they can just bounce it which would suck um ah okay well now we're dead all right you got us what a weird weird weird weird game all right let's jump into game two all right guys here we are for game number two uh and i mean i think this is an easy-ish keep we've got the inn keeper which is going to give us a treasure token and hopefully get us to ashaya a little bit quicker um oh nice so shambling gas is quite good as well if this happens to die it gets us there even faster which i like so looks like green black all right uh so fully expect that this is gonna be not a mirror match i really doubt this is gonna be a mirror match but uh somewhat similar uh i'm all too happy to attack in here if they want to if they want to block that's fine that does risk killing the innkeeper but like like they could have easily two for one right there uh which is kind of surprising they didn't but that's cool and they just created treasure tokens i'm really surprised they're not killing our stuff um again not opposed i'm just saying a little surprising uh i'm assuming they've got sweepers and or um kind of big ways to to kill a bunch of stuff here but we'll see let's play this for blue uh let's attack in and i mean i think we just passed leaving up plum the forbidden uh we could have played the maskwood nexus but i kind of want to see if we can get a shia down here interesting okay is that good am i i'm a little confused um this is just a ren and seven deck i assume i mean that's fine interesting i've never seen this card played i'll be honest um let's play this i think let's go ahead and play ashaya we get to leave up plumb the forbidden off of the ashaya thanks to these two uh so it's actually kind of good for us now everything's a land as well now again 100 expect that they can kill this no doubt about it um but if they do we're just gonna use it to draw more cards so like that's kind of okay and now we've got the maskwood nexus just available to us based on the the mana that we have and so we can actually just make it a crab and pull it back at some point um there it is all right interesting i didn't get a chance to respond to that is that just because i wasn't in full control mode maybe that's fine all right ready to treasure token that's cool uh if they want to minus it that's great yep i mean well done all right uh we're gonna play the mask with nexus that's about all we can do uh and we're i think just gonna throw out the world tree um this is just gonna make mana easier for the rest of the game and we don't have another play really this turn anyway we can't i mean we can use the forbidden just to draw a card but i'd kind of rather wait um see what we can do yep that's cool that's cool that's cool um yep i mean you got it maybe we should have played the maskwood nexus and not the ashaya first uh just so we would have had like this already on the field as a backup plan um but that's okay oh they decayed for three very cool very good um basically we're probably just dead like i don't really think there's a whole lot we can do at this point truthfully uh but that's fine let's throw you out let's throw you out um oops let's spit out one of you and now we can leave this up for basically three um well in the turn um i mean again we're pretty dead like there's very little we can do against this board um if they just like meet hook or attack and then meet hook massacre we're like super dead so yep that's fine ish um we can block the 77 which is obviously somewhat relevant um but they're gonna get a copy of it so it's not super helpful i like that they're making use of the decay tokens with this uh with the ezekies chariot that's very very that's just a good way to use these because otherwise they just die right like it doesn't really matter like this is gonna die this turn um yep resolve resolve it's fine all right so let's do this and um i'm actually going to try and take out one of these guys this probably isn't 100 correct well actually no it doesn't matter at all because it's not gonna i should have done that differently that was stupid uh whatever let's draw a couple cards i should have definitely blocked the stronger creature the four four that was just uh laughs of judgment on mayan i was thinking cool i'm gonna kill it and then i'm like no that doesn't make sense all right all the land okay and we're gonna take a lot you got it uh i'm thinking this deck isn't very good should go ahead and get that out of the way now uh which is fine it doesn't have to be it's just fun um but it's not working so well all right if you can meet hook massacre you win so like do that that's that's the play there it is all right concede we are amazing let's jump into a final game here i think we're only going to do three because this isn't that strong in the deck um and we'll see what we can do all right guys here we are this is gonna be our third and most likely final game uh do we keep this it's a bit odd but sure why not um i think we're gonna lead on the world tree we don't get shambling gas turn one by doing it this way um but we can actually just play the agadem's awakening for a land and then do the thing uh we'll pay three and we'll get this down uh now do we want to use that to play this um i'm actually kind of okay with it so let's do it i want to take the opportunity to play as much as we can while they don't have a lot out um chances are this is a dimir mil or a demir controlled deck excuse me i cannot speak uh so we're probably just gonna be up against a a very rough match up here um which is perfect uh we'll end the turn actually i'm going to wait and hold up the deadly dispute uh wouldn't be surprised if they just have a counter for it of course but let's just see what happens either way we get the treasure tokens so it really doesn't matter cool it actually landed that's a bit surprising um play the blue source uh let's attack in first and i'm actually going to play the mask with nexus uh again chances are this gets countered but we've got two of them so fine not great but it's fine now we can play another prosperous innkeeper after this if we'd like uh and i think i will i'm gonna try it this gives us a treasure token back if it lands uh and if it doesn't it's kind of okay but we also gained some life here too so i mean that's helpful all right memory deluge sure um we don't get to see what cards they pick off of memory deluge which is a little frustrating but chances are they're just going to be able to sweep or something oh it's esper oh okay didn't know that that's interesting uh is this a lear deck i wonder sure i mean we've only seen like two cards from them uh but esper generally i feel like is a leer um hmm what do we do what do we do an old stick fingers let's first attack in i mean we can also just not not worry about doing much of anything and just spit out a a little shape shifter um which i feel like isn't the worst idea so yeah i'm just gonna wait we don't have to do anything we can just wait and do this at the end of their turn which is definitely the right time to do it given that their control deck whoops all right let's do it this also gains us a life that's helpful um i'm just going to attack in and do a lot of nothing until we can do everything i'm doing nothing uh we also just get to leave up the forbidden here as well which is kind of nice this is such a silly strategy um but it actually gets around a lot of like control aspects now if they have things like fading hope and that kind of stuff they obviously just get to bounce the tutus and kill them and you know do all the bad stuff but i mean it's fine ish we just have a large number of tutus so it doesn't really matter or we will have a large number of tutus so it doesn't matter cool you got it um just gonna do the thing i mean why not in another life get another tutu i like it um yeah there's a deadly dispute that's quite good um just gonna go ahead and attack with these two um worth noting though they do get mascot exhibition i assume off of this uh which is a little scary not the end of the world scary but it is a little scary all right uh wasn't going to attack with the innkeeper with the eye which by the way just trading isn't really worth it they're just going to get environmental sciences okay didn't expect that but that's cool uh sure not a lot we can do about that so you got it uh that is actually quite scary though because we do have some very good stuff in our deck so i really like the idea of just a steel stuff deck like i i think there's a lot of support for that kind of deck right now so it's actually really sick i mean they have a million cards we also have quite a number of cards and that's not bad for us but like they just have access to basically everything i have three for told cards i assume doomscar is in there somewhere potentially all ron's epiphany like there's a lot that could be there i'm trying to set up for just like a really good meat hook massacre but we'll see oh perfect okay i mean not perfect but like this actually works out okay so let's do this that gets rid of the poison the cup uh so they're not gonna get anything off of it and we just get stuff can they kill oh they counter it okay sure i mean that's fine it's not the end of the world uh let's do this um it's attacking might as well all right so you do get kind of a freebie turn here uh where not a free turn but definitely a free-ish turn um chances are they're going to be able to sweep can we just we can meet hook massacre for two or three ish uh alternatively we can just play old stick fingers and kind of force them to deal with what we've got um i kind of like that better i hate when the opponent does that kind of stuff all right we got three creatures off of that so now old stick fingers on its own is a lethal threat uh so they have to deal with it there's the doomscar fully expected it that's cool um not the end of the world kinda sucks they were able to do it for so cheap but i mean it makes sense it's a fertile card like come on all right uh funny um i'm actually gonna foretell this we're not drawing mini land which is a little annoying but uh i think we just leave up the maskwood nexus and hope for the best uh haunting voyage if we get a turn where we can actually use it is going to be sick like look at all the creatures that we have here now worth noting um that's actually a bit of a non-bow with old stick fingers and i'm only just now realizing it but that's actually quite bad with old stick fingers which is like fine but all right let's do this yay um good land is helpful we need all the land we can get um i really wish we had a shia that would be really sick all right let's attack him for two turns out this is a pretty long game anyway so this is working out all right um do we like meathook massacre on the face of no i don't think we do yep i guess eventually they could run out of cards maybe i mean it's doubtful but like that could be a thing uh i would assume they could win by then but all right the problem we have is they have so much mana at this point and we don't have that much so we can't do a ton of like doubling up on stuff um all right let's sacrifice one hopefully draw two cards off of this uh they can counter both i guess if they want i wonder if they counter the no i think they both would they would have to counter both but that's cool land is helpful i will take land um okay that's fine uh our mate hook massacres could just cancel each other out which is kind of funny uh we'll wait i guess just to get out of the main phase all right let's stick this out there this does not die because of the meat hook massacre already being out just for the record all right let's throw you down uh and let's throw out a second maskwood nexus now we can do it twice at a turn all right there's the counterspell that's fair oh what a silly silly time this is all right we're just chipping away man it's hilarious we're in deadly dispute [Laughter] oh we got a ruined crab um yeah i'll play a ruin crab so truth be told we kind of want the green warden and a shia in the graveyard and if we do that we can bring it all back with haunting voyage and then just mill them out in one shot that's like the goal um now the chances of that happening are quite low also yes i know we could have in keeper then ruin crabbed i didn't want to uh for the simple fact that meathook massacre is a card truthfully um there's our own meathook massacre okay let's do this i mean do we just play the green warden let them kill it and kind of force them to do the thing i feel like that's not the end of the world uh alternatively i guess we can just haunting voyage but i don't think that that's quite worth it uh i assume like a counter maybe i don't know they've only got a couple cards in hand memory deluge being one of them so they've really not got a ton we actually have access to more cards than they do which is kind of funny uh and we might actually just play the me hook massacre uh for zero here i know this is silly but this cancels out their meat hook massacre um which is kind of important um just means that you know we i guess both get the trigger i don't i don't know i don't actually know this is a weird little dilemma here this is a weird game this is a weird deck this is just a an odd one very very odd one all right cool we do have this for told cards still that they don't know what it is which i think is kind of funny um so if we get a free turn where there's just nothing that they're doing we'd definitely just throw this out there let's mask with nexus kill it counter it do the thing yes that's fine all right um we'll attack him i assume they just kill it yep that's fine uh i'm glad we didn't play the innkeeper yet then all right let's do prosperous and keeper and we pass good draw more land do nothing with your lands oh very nice okay we'll pass let them do the thing first we'll activate this and block it uh we want to keep the innkeeper on the field if we can just for the simple fact that it gains us life so how much mana do they have they've got a good bit left open they also didn't activate this which is important 1921 so basically that equates to nothing happening i really want to go for it but it's like not technically worth it yet uh that's like the problem or the dilemma that i am having um yes i know thank you um i'm being a little ambitious here but i kind of just want to see what we can get we need to get ashaya ashai is the key uh or an old stick fingers would be kind of helpful but that's fine too there's ashaya oh yes okay um yes play it do it do it do it do it do it counter it please or just kill it i don't even care it does not matter um i'm gonna play the shambling guest as well just because it gains us a life and if they sweep that's fantastic um because chances are one of these is a doomscar at the very least oh they just left it up as a sky oh okay put it on the bottom yes okay guys i want this to work so badly perfect perfect all right uh yeah create a treasure token just please don't have a counter please don't have a counter oh this is insane that's fine i mean they might as well just if they've got no counters they this is the turn to just kind of go for some stuff ashai is in the yard come on i'm on perfect hit me hit me for seven please hit me for seven yes all right they've got two mana left open if this isn't a gate i'm gonna riot but they've only got one shot at it if this isn't a gate we are dead please work no no guys we tried we tried so hard um that's so sad uh all right so we can actually just play this though for two and hope they can't do anything about it i mean that's a big old card if they can just kill it this is so sad what cool that's helpful actually um yeah do it all right so this does attack in through old stick fingers obviously but what a silly silly game we actually do have if assuming they don't have a counter we actually have the win in hand because we meet hook massacre for three and then can just go for it uh with old stick fingers so like we're not there's a chance we win next turn play the world tree let's meet hook massacre four three uh i guess they no they can't they've tapped out too much is this counter come on stop countering everything whatever dude attack chances are we just die here though this is a massive seven seven i guess we just hold this up for the block and then we might still win they have one card available to them based off of the siphon and then they drew a card obviously i don't know dude this is the silliest game stop killing my stuff holy crap come on give me a haunting voyage that's all i want that's all i want just a haunting voyage please this is so silly this is the most ridiculous game i think i've ever been a part of that's not true i've been a part of some really ridiculous games but this is so stupid all right let's just activate this because we might as well that's less than helpful um and we're just dead nothing we can do we are just dead uh let's see what happens everything's every creature type so we have a ruined graph are you kidding me [Laughter] what was that that was so useless all right what up thank i'm done let's talk about this all right this deck sucks oh oh my gosh it was okay the idea is really good uh i think it's really funny the idea is to basically replay every creature from your graveyard or even from your deck with the world tree and then just sweep uh or not sweep but mill out uh the opponent but we were up against a control deck and it didn't happen we got pretty dang close that's all i could ask for this is a silly one anyway uh so it's okay we didn't win any i just wanted to see what we could do uh again thank you uh to was it uh let me make sure i get this right slay anything uh great name by the way for creating this deck i do think it's very very silly uh unfortunately didn't work for us but that's okay guys if you enjoyed it if you had fun along the way please make sure to leave a like and subscribe if you are not already it is a great way to enter that giveaway for a free crimson val bundle so the winner for that will be picked on november 24th so you've got what 21 days ish you got a little while uh but anyway guys thank you so much for watching i really appreciate it have a fantastic day i'll see you again soon for some more gameplay videos [Music] you

what was that that was so useless all right what up what is going on guys if you want to support our content and pick up this month is amazing patreon rewards you can do so at patreon com it resolves if you are interested in custom play mats and sleeves visit yourplaymatt com and use code it resolves 10 yp for 10 off your entire purchase what is going on everybody and welcome back to some more standard gameplay i hope you guys are doing exceptionally well today we got a weird one we got a really weird one this deck is by slay anything and it is a haunted crabs list as he calls it which i am very interested in basically the idea is to create basically make everything a crab with things like maskwood nexus so the idea is that ruin crab is obviously the mill feature here you make everything a land with a shia so anytime a creature comes down it mills but you can hopefully play lands from your graveyard and trigger abilities twice with the ancient green warden and then bring everything back with haunting voyage if you have got maskwood nexus out that plays for crabs i do not know it is a weird one but we are going to give it a shot the idea is essentially though it is okay if these ruin crabs die because we are able to bring them back you can foretell this obviously which is nice it is i do not know this is going to be weird i have not tried this deck at all i do not really know how to describe it we are going to be learning together as we go through this i just thought it looked really interesting so i kind of wanted to try this one see what we could do we do have innkeeper to help gain us a little bit of life and give us some treasure token which is nice the meat hook massacre is obviously at an all time high in this kind of deck because you can kill everything and then bring stuff back it does not matter and then of course agadene is awakening things like that to bring stuff back as well so i do not know we are going to see how it goes guys this should be really really silly we will go through a handful of games we may not do the full like 30 minutes but we will definitely get some games in here and hopefully have some fun but again slay anything thank you so much you posted this deck on aetherhub and it just really caught my eye so i had to try it let us see what we can do all right guys here we are for game number one now we do not actually have a blue source for the ruin crab but we do have the innkeepers i am going to try it again this is a learning experience guys i have got no idea what to expect with this one but i do think it will be really really silly or at least very very fun and so i do not know we are we are going to have some fun today earlier we did play the jun super friends list which was amazing truthfully it was just a really really good deck and so i do encourage you guys to check that one out i think this is a little bit more on the silly end naturally which is fine i like silly decks so this is great let us gain a life here a little worried about this delver of secrets i am assuming this is going to have like faded hopes and things like that that we are going to have to worry about so we will see they oopsed 0 they revealed the cloudkins here that is fine it really does not matter i mean they should not have revealed it that is for sure but that is okay if they were to attack in we would not block by the way just to be safe let us go ahead and do this this is going to mill and i actually okay hear me out i am going to meet hook massacre for one so this does kill our innkeeper but crucially it kills the delver as well and i kind of like that i do not really want to die to delver delver is just an annoying card plus this is just helpful to have down anyway because they are probably going to try and kill some of our stuff so okay that is kind of fine it is not great but give me a land please give me a land all right so at least they they take a damage there all right that is not great i mean we throw this out and we pass i think i think we just kind of try and get the maskwood nexus down at some point here what this allows us to do is if we have no other plays in hand we can at least spit out a 22 creature that essentially becomes a crab which is kind of funny so i do not know this is a weird one guys i do not really know what to tell you sure this is also kind of an oddball not an old ball deck but like just a bit of a stranger one we do see a lot of delver decks hitting standard of course at the moment but they are generally not that great i am actually going to attack in here we can not block if they want to trade they can trade yes this is a life gain quote unquote but it is not all that helpful all right that just slowed the damage race down the meat hook massacre is also helping us out here by padding our life total a little bit okay i mean it is a land i will take it let us activate the ability here and get that that tutu again we just kind of want to have creatures out at this point we can palm the forbidden at some point as well just to draw some cards but really we just need lands return up to 2 creature cards okay so we can actually pick anything that is kind of nice if we foretell this we actually can get all of them but we have only got 3 at the moment so it is really not the end of the world all right they lose a life for that but that is fine interesting that they that is an odd card to to play all right i mean we are just going to keep doing this because we can not really do anything else thankfully this is not dealing that much to us at least at the moment okay is this a wizard yeah all right i mean it is funny because basically we just have an endless supply of tutus which are not that great but they do have to kind of deal with them because they can block like the ravager and stuff there is a blue land that is not bad actually let us do this and i think we just leave up the forbidden here to help us draw a card if we need to this is a weird very very weird deck i really like it it is not even doing that much at the moment but i really like it yeah that is fine what you got is it all runs epiphany no it is straw okay i mean that is very good one top one bottom and then draw sure all right if they attack we just block they did not i am definitely doing this so we can we just need to draw some stuff here we do lose 2 life i guess in this transaction but i am kind of okay with that all right there is old stick fingers old stick fingers is actually really funny we can play this for 3 or maybe just 2 let us throw this out 1st let us throw this out for 2 this may not be that great i do not really know old stick fingers is a great way of filling up the graveyard which is quite nice and it is a 55 now so that is pretty good but they do have just bounce effects in their deck so it is like not that great hey at least we got around that that is cool we will create a treasure token and now we have got a 66 old stick fingers so at the very least burn is a little bit more difficult to hit with old stick fingers i mean they can just bounce it which would suck ah okay well now we are dead all right you got us what a weird weird weird weird game all right let us jump into game 2 all right guys here we are for game number 2 and i mean i think this is an easy ish keep we have got the inn keeper which is going to give us a treasure token and hopefully get us to ashaya a little bit quicker 0 nice so shambling gas is quite good as well if this happens to die it gets us there even faster which i like so looks like green black all right so fully expect that this is going to be not a mirror match i really doubt this is going to be a mirror match but somewhat similar i am all too happy to attack in here if they want to if they want to block that is fine that does risk killing the innkeeper but like like they could have easily 2 for one right there which is kind of surprising they did not but that is cool and they just created treasure tokens i am really surprised they are not killing our stuff again not opposed i am just saying a little surprising i am assuming they have got sweepers and or kind of big ways to to kill a bunch of stuff here but we will see let us play this for blue let us attack in and i mean i think we just passed leaving up plum the forbidden we could have played the maskwood nexus but i kind of want to see if we can get a shia down here interesting okay is that good am i i am a little confused this is just a ren and 7 deck i assume i mean that is fine interesting i have never seen this card played i will be honest let us play this i think let us go ahead and play ashaya we get to leave up plumb the forbidden off of the ashaya thanks to these 2 so it is actually kind of good for us now everything is a land as well now again 100 expect that they can kill this no doubt about it but if they do we are just going to use it to draw more cards so like that is kind of okay and now we have got the maskwood nexus just available to us based on the the mana that we have and so we can actually just make it a crab and pull it back at some point there it is all right interesting i did not get a chance to respond to that is that just because i was not in full control mode maybe that is fine all right ready to treasure token that is cool if they want to minus it that is great yep i mean well done all right we are going to play the mask with nexus that is about all we can do and we are i think just going to throw out the world tree this is just going to make mana easier for the rest of the game and we do not have another play really this turn anyway we can not i mean we can use the forbidden just to draw a card but i would kind of rather wait see what we can do yep that is cool that is cool that is cool yep i mean you got it maybe we should have played the maskwood nexus and not the ashaya 1st just so we would have had like this already on the field as a backup plan but that is okay 0 they decayed for 3 very cool very good basically we are probably just dead like i do not really think there is a whole lot we can do at this point truthfully but that is fine let us throw you out let us throw you out oops let us spit out one of you and now we can leave this up for basically 3 well in the turn i mean again we are pretty dead like there is very little we can do against this board if they just like meet hook or attack and then meet hook massacre we are like super dead so yep that is fine ish we can block the 77 which is obviously somewhat relevant but they are going to get a copy of it so it is not super helpful i like that they are making use of the decay tokens with this with the ezekies chariot that is very very that is just a good way to use these because otherwise they just die right like it does not really matter like this is going to die this turn yep resolve resolve it is fine all right so let us do this and i am actually going to try and take out one of these guys this probably is not 100 correct well actually no it does not matter at all because it is not going to i should have done that differently that was stupid whatever let us draw a couple cards i should have definitely blocked the stronger creature the 44 that was just laughs of judgment on mayan i was thinking cool i am going to kill it and then i am like no that does not make sense all right all the land okay and we are going to take a lot you got it i am thinking this deck is not very good should go ahead and get that out of the way now which is fine it does not have to be it is just fun but it is not working so well all right if you can meet hook massacre you win so like do that that is that is the play there it is all right concede we are amazing let us jump into a final game here i think we are only going to do 3 because this is not that strong in the deck and we will see what we can do all right guys here we are this is going to be our 3rd and most likely final game do we keep this it is a bit odd but sure why not i think we are going to lead on the world tree we do not get shambling gas turn one by doing it this way but we can actually just play the agadem is awakening for a land and then do the thing we will pay 3 and we will get this down now do we want to use that to play this i am actually kind of okay with it so let us do it i want to take the opportunity to play as much as we can while they do not have a lot out chances are this is a dimir mil or a demir controlled deck excuse me i cannot speak so we are probably just going to be up against a a very rough match up here which is perfect we will end the turn actually i am going to wait and hold up the deadly dispute would not be surprised if they just have a counter for it of course but let us just see what happens either way we get the treasure tokens so it really does not matter cool it actually landed that is a bit surprising play the blue source let us attack in 1st and i am actually going to play the mask with nexus again chances are this gets countered but we have got 2 of them so fine not great but it is fine now we can play another prosperous innkeeper after this if we would like and i think i will i am going to try it this gives us a treasure token back if it lands and if it does not it is kind of okay but we also gained some life here too so i mean that is helpful all right memory deluge sure we do not get to see what cards they pick off of memory deluge which is a little frustrating but chances are they are just going to be able to sweep or something 0 it is esper 0 okay did not know that that is interesting is this a lear deck i wonder sure i mean we have only seen like 2 cards from them but esper generally i feel like is a leer what do we do what do we do an old stick fingers let us 1st attack in i mean we can also just not not worry about doing much of anything and just spit out a a little shape shifter which i feel like is not the worst idea so yeah i am just going to wait we do not have to do anything we can just wait and do this at the end of their turn which is definitely the right time to do it given that their control deck whoops all right let us do it this also gains us a life that is helpful i am just going to attack in and do a lot of nothing until we can do everything i am doing nothing we also just get to leave up the forbidden here as well which is kind of nice this is such a silly strategy but it actually gets around a lot of like control aspects now if they have things like fading hope and that kind of stuff they obviously just get to bounce the tutus and kill them and you know do all the bad stuff but i mean it is fine ish we just have a large number of tutus so it does not really matter or we will have a large number of tutus so it does not matter cool you got it just going to do the thing i mean why not in another life get another tutu i like it yeah there is a deadly dispute that is quite good just going to go ahead and attack with these 2 worth noting though they do get mascot exhibition i assume off of this which is a little scary not the end of the world scary but it is a little scary all right was not going to attack with the innkeeper with the eye which by the way just trading is not really worth it they are just going to get environmental sciences okay did not expect that but that is cool sure not a lot we can do about that so you got it that is actually quite scary though because we do have some very good stuff in our deck so i really like the idea of just a steel stuff deck like i i think there is a lot of support for that kind of deck right now so it is actually really sick i mean they have a 1000000 cards we also have quite a number of cards and that is not bad for us but like they just have access to basically everything i have 3 for told cards i assume doomscar is in there somewhere potentially all ron is epiphany like there is a lot that could be there i am trying to set up for just like a really good meat hook massacre but we will see 0 perfect okay i mean not perfect but like this actually works out okay so let us do this that gets rid of the poison the cup so they are not going to get anything off of it and we just get stuff can they kill 0 they counter it okay sure i mean that is fine it is not the end of the world let us do this it is attacking might as well all right so you do get kind of a freebie turn here where not a free turn but definitely a free ish turn chances are they are going to be able to sweep can we just we can meet hook massacre for 2 or 3 ish alternatively we can just play old stick fingers and kind of force them to deal with what we have got i kind of like that better i hate when the opponent does that kind of stuff all right we got 3 creatures off of that so now old stick fingers on its own is a lethal threat so they have to deal with it there is the doomscar fully expected it that is cool not the end of the world kinda sucks they were able to do it for so cheap but i mean it makes sense it is a fertile card like come on all right funny i am actually going to foretell this we are not drawing mini land which is a little annoying but i think we just leave up the maskwood nexus and hope for the best haunting voyage if we get a turn where we can actually use it is going to be sick like look at all the creatures that we have here now worth noting that is actually a bit of a non bow with old stick fingers and i am only just now realizing it but that is actually quite bad with old stick fingers which is like fine but all right let us do this yay good land is helpful we need all the land we can get i really wish we had a shia that would be really sick all right let us attack him for 2 turns out this is a pretty long game anyway so this is working out all right do we like meathook massacre on the face of no i do not think we do yep i guess eventually they could run out of cards maybe i mean it is doubtful but like that could be a thing i would assume they could win by then but all right the problem we have is they have so much mana at this and we do not have that much so we can not do a ton of like doubling up on stuff all right let us sacrifice one hopefully draw 2 cards off of this they can counter both i guess if they want i wonder if they counter the no i think they both would they would have to counter both but that is cool land is helpful i will take land okay that is fine our mate hook massacres could just cancel each other out which is kind of funny we will wait i guess just to get out of the main phase all right let us stick this out there this does not die because of the meat hook massacre already being out just for the record all right let us throw you down and let us throw out a 2nd maskwood nexus now we can do it twice at a turn all right there is the counterspell that is fair 0 what a silly silly time this is all right we are just chipping away man it is hilarious we are in deadly dispute 0 we got a ruined crab yeah i will play a ruin crab so truth be told we kind of want the green warden and a shia in the graveyard and if we do that we can bring it all back with haunting voyage and then just mill them out in one shot that is like the goal now the chances of that happening are quite low also yes i know we could have in keeper then ruin crabbed i did not want to for the simple fact that meathook massacre is a card truthfully there is our own meathook massacre okay let us do this i mean do we just play the green warden let them kill it and kind of force them to do the thing i feel like that is not the end of the world alternatively i guess we can just haunting voyage but i do not think that that is quite worth it i assume like a counter maybe i do not know they have only got a couple cards in hand memory deluge being one of them so they have really not got a ton we actually have access to more cards than they do which is kind of funny and we might actually just play the me hook massacre for 0 here i know this is silly but this cancels out their meat hook massacre which is kind of important just means that you know we i guess both get the trigger i do not i do not know i do not actually know this is a weird little dilemma here this is a weird game this is a weird deck this is just a an odd one very very odd one all right cool we do have this for told cards still that they do not know what it is which i think is kind of funny so if we get a free turn where there is just nothing that they are doing we would definitely just throw this out there let us mask with nexus kill it counter it do the thing yes that is fine all right we will attack him i assume they just kill it yep that is fine i am glad we did not play the innkeeper yet then all right let us do prosperous and keeper and we pass good draw more land do nothing with your lands 0 very nice okay we will pass let them do the thing 1st we will activate this and block it we want to keep the innkeeper on the field if we can just for the simple fact that it gains us life so how much mana do they have they have got a good bit left open they also did not activate this which is important 1921 so basically that equates to nothing happening i really want to go for it but it is like not technically worth it yet that is like the problem or the dilemma that i am having yes i know thank you i am being a little ambitious here but i kind of just want to see what we can get we need to get ashaya ashai is the key or an old stick fingers would be kind of helpful but that is fine too there is ashaya 0 yes okay yes play it do it do it do it do it do it counter it please or just kill it i do not even care it does not matter i am going to play the shambling guest as well just because it gains us a life and if they sweep that is fantastic because chances are one of these is a doomscar at the very least 0 they just left it up as a sky 0 okay put it on the bottom yes okay guys i want this to work so badly perfect perfect all right yeah create a treasure token just please do not have a counter please do not have a counter 0 this is insane that is fine i mean they might as well just if they have got no counters they this is the turn to just kind of go for some stuff ashai is in the yard come on i am on perfect hit me hit me for 7 please hit me for 7 yes all right they have got 2 mana left open if this is not a gate i am going to riot but they have only got one shot at it if this is not a gate we are dead please work no no guys we tried we tried so hard that is so sad all right so we can actually just play this though for 2 and hope they can not do anything about it i mean that is a big old card if they can just kill it this is so sad what cool that is helpful actually yeah do it all right so this does attack in through old stick fingers obviously but what a silly silly game we actually do have if assuming they do not have a counter we actually have the win in hand because we meet hook massacre for 3 and then can just go for it with old stick fingers so like we are not there is a chance we win next turn play the world tree let us meet hook massacre 43 i guess they no they can not they have tapped out too much is this counter come on stop countering everything whatever dude attack chances are we just die here though this is a massive 77 i guess we just hold this up for the block and then we might still win they have one card available to them based off of the siphon and then they drew a card obviously i do not know dude this is the silliest game stop killing my stuff holy crap come on give me a haunting voyage that is all i want that is all i want just a haunting voyage please this is so silly this is the most ridiculous game i think i have ever been a part of that is not true i have been a part of some really ridiculous games but this is so stupid all right let us just activate this because we might as well that is less than helpful and we are just dead nothing we can do we are just dead let us see what happens everything is every creature type so we have a ruined graph are you kidding me what was that that was so useless all right what up thank i am done let us talk about this all right this deck sucks 0 my gosh it was okay the idea is really good i think it is really funny the idea is to basically replay every creature from your graveyard or even from your deck with the world tree and then just sweep or not sweep but mill out the opponent but we were up against a control deck and it did not happen we got pretty dang close that is all i could ask for this is a silly one anyway so it is okay we did not win any i just wanted to see what we could do again thank you to was it let me make sure i get this right slay anything great name by the way for creating this deck i do think it is very very silly unfortunately did not work for us but that is okay guys if you enjoyed it if you had fun along the way please make sure to leave a like and subscribe if you are not already it is a great way to enter that giveaway for a free crimson val bundle so the winner for that will be picked on november 24th so you have got what 21 days ish you got a little while but anyway guys thank you so much for watching i really appreciate it have a fantastic day i will see you again soon for some more gameplay videos you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZkmoglPqoc

in the last video when I wanted to bring my stick man into my new scene and I went back to scene one and I copied him and I pasted him onto a new layer and that worked absolutely fine but there is another way and a more useful way that you can do this it's called the library and it's usually if you've got your properties menu up over here somewhere and it's called library when you click on it like that and it shows you all the symbols that you've got and you can click on them there now if you've named your symbols well it's pretty easy to tell what they are before you click on them if you can't see the library go to window and choose library like this and it will pop up if it pops up in the middle of your screen just grab the top of it about here and drag it to the side so that you get a little blue line and then let go and it will anchor itself to the side of your screen the other useful thing about the library actually before we do that I'll show you what I mean so let's say I've got a new layer like that and I want another stickman stickman too but I want stickman too and I want to think one to be exactly the same as Nick normal I'm gonna do is I'm gonna grab my stickman one make sure I've got the right layer selected yes I have and I'm gonna drag him and I'm going to drop in on to a new layer just like that and now I've got two of them but it can animate separately the next thing that you can do with the library is you can actually edit your symbols because let's say I wanted this I decided that I want this stickman to have a Red Hat so I'll get my fill tool I'll go back to properties and I'll choose paint bucket tool let's see if I can fill in here doesn't look like a camp it's not gonna let me do anything like that because it's a symbol so I can't edit it so instead of editing on the stage what I do is I get my selection tool and I double click my symbol and you'll see it goes up here and I'm editing the symbol through the view on the library he goes dotty again so I can start to edit different bits now if I click my filter lots of properties there we go now I've got a caller I can take his hat and I can make all hang on told him all read there let's undo that his hats in red there we go you'll see because I'm using the same symbol it's filled both their hats red because I've used that simple twice so what I did there because he was all doctor that meant he was all selected so when I filled him he all he went all whom went red so I clicked away so they didn't go so it wasn't all dotty then I got my fill tool and I filled in the house if I wanted to change the colour of a leg well I've joined all this together so I have to change the colour of the lines around the outside I get my fill tool and let's make him green or not let's go back to black there we go once you finished editing you absolutely must go back and click on your scene again like that to get back to the animation so that's two different ways you can start to use the library and start to edit symbols have a play make some changes to the symbols you've used start to add new layers in and reuse your symbols if you've made a cloud or something like that it's a really good idea you can just drag a cloud single cloud and resize it on each layer so you've got lots of different size clouds but they all look very similar and you're reusing the same drawing okay off you go

in the last video when i wanted to bring my stick man into my new scene and i went back to scene one and i copied him and i pasted him onto a new layer and that worked absolutely fine but there is another way and a more useful way that you can do this it is called the library and it is usually if you have got your properties menu up over here somewhere and it is called library when you click on it like that and it shows you all the symbols that you have got and you can click on them there now if you have named your symbols well it is pretty easy to tell what they are before you click on them if you can not see the library go to window and choose library like this and it will pop up if it pops up in the middle of your screen just grab the top of it about here and drag it to the side so that you get a little blue line and then let go and it will anchor itself to the side of your screen the other useful thing about the library actually before we do that i will show you what i mean so let us say i have got a new layer like that and i want another stickman stickman too but i want stickman too and i want to think one to be exactly the same as nick normal i am going to do is i am going to grab my stickman one make sure i have got the right layer selected yes i have and i am going to drag him and i am going to drop in on to a new layer just like that and now i have got 2 of them but it can animate separately the next thing that you can do with the library is you can actually edit your symbols because let us say i wanted this i decided that i want this stickman to have a red hat so i will get my fill tool i will go back to properties and i will choose paint bucket tool let us see if i can fill in here does not look like a camp it is not going to let me do anything like that because it is a symbol so i can not edit it so instead of editing on the stage what i do is i get my selection tool and i double click my symbol and you will see it goes up here and i am editing the symbol through the view on the library he goes dotty again so i can start to edit different bits now if i click my filter lots of properties there we go now i have got a caller i can take his hat and i can make all hang on told him all read there let us undo that his hats in red there we go you will see because i am using the same symbol it is filled both their hats red because i have used that simple twice so what i did there because he was all doctor that meant he was all selected so when i filled him he all he went all whom went red so i clicked away so they did not go so it was not all dotty then i got my fill tool and i filled in the house if i wanted to change the color of a leg well i have joined all this together so i have to change the color of the lines around the outside i get my fill tool and let us make him green or not let us go back to black there we go once you finished editing you absolutely must go back and click on your scene again like that to get back to the animation so that is 2 different ways you can start to use the library and start to edit symbols have a play make some changes to the symbols you have used start to add new layers in and reuse your symbols if you have made a cloud or something like that it is a really good idea you can just drag a cloud single cloud and resize it on each layer so you have got lots of different size clouds but they all look very similar and you are reusing the same drawing okay off you go

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKyYj-VhrP4

hello everyone and welcome to the humanities podcasting Network Symposium um today we're going to be talking about structuring podcasts to facilitate learning my name is Dr Elizabeth Thorpe and my podcast is called chirotacast it is a small operation especially compared to my co-host who works with the New York Times but um we're happy with it we have a devoted audience that Tunes in every week this week we will be talking about um kind of the podcast writ large in terms of how we approach learning and making Big Ideas applicable and I'll spend a good amount of time talking about that and I'm going to use one of our episodes from the last year and a half uh episode 35 of very Nietzsche new year you can probably tell from the title it's not one of our more serious episodes I decided to kind of keep it light for this presentation I didn't want to get us really down into the more ominous serious stuff that we often deal with so um just a word of Interest foreign oh there we go um as I said I'm the host of cairoticast and it is a weekly podcast about rhetoric and current events and it is very current when I say current events a lot of times the um podcast is about something that happened like in the last seven days Carl Thorpe is kind of a silent partner in this endeavor he is the producer of the show and though we work together to produce the show I am what's known as a solo caster and that means the format of the show is me addressing the topic of the week instead of like a dialogue or a conversation I don't do a whole lot of interviews I've done once or twice uh one or two interviews but for the most part it's just to me out there in the world of the internet uh talking about whatever interests me um so because of that the shows run about 15 to 30 minutes long and that's by virtue of the fact that it is just me uh we don't want to beleaguer people with just one voice talking forever you did enough of that in high school and college with somebody lecturing you forever so we keep it short they're usually about 20 to 25 minutes and we found that's a good amount of time to make things interesting keep things interesting and still make a solid point [Music] um so chironicast is dedicated to taking big ideas and showing how they play out in the proverbial real world um what we are concerned with is rhetoric and current events and those are two things which are often seen as either difficult or irrelevant those are things that people are like oh that doesn't matter to me that doesn't appeal to me that doesn't make a difference in my life and that's what we aim to address because we believe that a lot of these things that seem like they belong in the Ivory Tower or they don't make any difference to me or whatever people seem to think about them they're just philosophical musings or they don't affect my life they're actually really helpful in understanding the things that shape the world in which we live so we're dedicated to taking these rhetorical ideas and tenants and making them applicable so each week we address a new topic that brings something political or from pop culture into Focus and we have covered everything from book Banning CRT Uvaldi and abortion to superheroes first day of school Jitters and April fools so we've got a very broad span of things from the very serious and you know something that you have to really kind of delve into to get to the kind of emotional um Center to things that are very light-hearted and even silly um because we feel like both of these things are important to you know living your life our ultimate goal is to take that Ivory Tower and bring it down a few notches because we believe that the things taught in those kind of impossibly out of touch classes like your upper division Theory or your American oratory class or whatever class you took that you're like oh my gosh how does this apply to me I'm never going to use this whatever it was are actually really applicable and we try to show how the ideas that are bandied about and academic circles actually are really helpful to make sense of the world and I think one of the things my co-host is going to be really helpful with and kind of Tandem here is talking about how big ideas are something that we try to make useful and helpful across the board right we're taking big ideas and making them something we can all learn from and I think that's something we have in common so episodes tend to follow some basic patterns um one we will address a current event usually very current and put it into a rhetorical perspective or two we will take a seemingly kind of effect rhetorical Theory or theorist or concept and show how it helps to explain Everyday Life by applying it to Something in the real world and I always put real world in quotation marks because like what does that even mean really um so the episode I chose for today uh like I said is definitely one of our more light-hearted episodes I thought it would be fun to choose something forging on the silly um you might think the title is a little bit uh frivolous but at the same time it's like Nietzsche is he really silly well that's kind of the point we were trying to make uh so in episode 35 we took a very famous philosopher and rhetorician and somebody who might seem kind of Out Of Reach to your everyday listener and we made him something that was easy to Grapple with and something that you might even enjoy thinking about so I have about a two minute clip out of what was about a 25 minute episode I think um so I thought I would share that with you and then we can talk about like what this was and how it worked so let's give this a shot the other part of Nietzsche's project that I think is useful to think about for 2021 is his idea of the Ubermensch this is easily his most misconstrued idea a lot of Bad Dudes have tried to paint this concept as some kind of superior human that will Lord over the rest of us because of his innate characteristics but that's not what it is at all the Uber Mensch is simply a person who can Control the Chaos around them and behave in an ethical manner they can assess the discourse they find themselves in and master the matter at hand they are Master artists or teachers or athletes perhaps but more importantly they are self-actualized and recognize their own power over their circumstances now look 2020 threw us a lot of curveballs there were a lot of things outside of our control so for 2021 what I wish for you is that you have the self-confidence to look at yourself and your situation and realize what is and is not in your control and take hold of your life that may mean spending a bit less time stressing and a bit more time working out or playing with your pet that may mean getting a bit more organized that may mean spending an hour a day reading a trashy romance novel instead of Doom scrolling I want you to do what you need to do to bring some order to your chaos this is a 21st century kind of discipline maybe it means more baking going to bed earlier making more time to chat with a friend the world out there is a mess our lives have been chaotic how will you take hold of the chaos and master it a bit there are a lot of things you can't control you can't control the politicians who are screaming about electoral fraud or when you will get the vaccine you can't control the family members who will refuse to wear a mask in public and then have get-togethers on the weekends but there are things you can control so for the new year episode we took up philosopher that is usually associated with nihilism and pessimism and we turned him on his head we talked about how Nietzsche's philosophy empowers us to be truth Builders and to master the chaos around us and as we all remember coming off of The Madness of 2020 and honestly things haven't changed that much but coming off of the madness that was 2020 that sounded pretty good right like mastering chaos building our truths these are things that we kind of needed to hear coming out of 2020. so we took what seemed dismal and impossibly theoretical and made it real and optimistic um so like I said episode 35 was a particularly optimistic episode but we have covered things like the inherent whiteness and the educational system and misogyny in the academy and things like that don't necessarily lend themselves to such a positive spin but each episode is geared to teach to a broad audience about challenging topics more serious episodes like one of our recent ones about the body is text which dealt with the history of often women using the physical body as an argument follow the same pattern there is an idea or topic that is explained through the lens of a rhetorical Theory or theorist which shows how rhetoric is a useful concept now if I were just telling you about this over lunch and we were just talking about it uh it would probably sound like this would appeal to a very limited audience because honestly how many people are that interested in rhetoric right but that's kind of the point the whole podcast is to show that this subject does have a wide appeal and is of interest to everyone and that's why we have listeners from all walks of life and from all over the globe because we're serious about our goal and that's to show that these ideas aren't just for professors who are sitting in their offices writing books that nobody will ever read because there are plenty of professors doing that there are a lot of people who are sitting in their offices writing books that only one or two people are ever going to read and we don't feel that's useful um we truly believe that if ideas are going to be useful and beneficial then they need to be something that are applicable to life in general they need to be something that are accessible so that's what we're working toward all the time so our audience is multi-layered we appeal to academics certainly there are a lot of people in the academy who tune in every week I know we have a lot of professors who really like to listen to our show we have a lot of students who tune in tune in and that's kind of um double layered there um I've had lots of grad students email me and say oh I really appreciate your show it's helped me kind of ground myself and what I think I'm gonna do and how I think I'm going to approach my dissertation or my thesis or my classes or anything like that but I also know that um professors have used my podcast in their classes to help explain Concepts so I know that people either in high school or in college have been exposed to the podcast as students because it's a learning Tool uh introduced to them by their professors there are professionals who listen to the podcast because they have found that it explains a particular concept that's useful to them in the Working World and then we have a lot of just lay listeners people who are like you know this is really interesting and this presented to me a unique and fascinating perspective that I just wouldn't have thought of on my own and those are some of the most rewarding listeners because they'll reach out to me and be like hey that was really cool I like that more of that please and that's always really encouraging so um I'm going to turn this over to my co-host Annie uh in a minute I would love to answer any questions that you have um like I said my Approach was to kind of talk about this writ large about how I approach learning and the structure I take for the podcast um and my goals for what I do when I'm thinking about my podcast you can ask me questions here or if you want to email me I'm at Elizabeth at chirotacass that's k-a-i-r-o-t-i-c-a-s-t.com I would be happy to answer any questions via email um but for now I'm going to turn it over to Annie and um we will take questions at the end thank you so much Elizabeth that I've been so excited to hear about your show And subscribe and want to hear more so let me quickly share my screen and get the slideshow going and yes I will start by um I'm just gonna get this out of the way anyway okay so my name is Annie Galvin and first of all just thank you so much to to the hpn for organizing another great conference and having me here and thank you all for taking an hour out of your Fridays to be here so just a tiny bit about me before we get into another chapter of structuring podcast to facilitate learning so I currently work as the producer at the Ezra Klein show which is uh a podcast that's based at New York Times in the opinion section and in my last job I co-created and produced a show called public books 101 at the magazine public books and we're really proud of that show I have such a warm place in my heart that was more of a public scholarship show for public books 101 we were basically trying to create the experience of an academic seminar in miniature so we would have a host of each season and on each episode two experts in the field and so listeners hopefully would feel like they were sitting in on you know a seminar with like the best people and we'd accompany that with discussion questions so it was really fun to get hear from folks who use it as a teaching tool um oh how do I go to the next oh good okay there we go so I'm going to just say a tiny tiny bit about our show and then I'm going to get into some nuts and bolts of our production process so the Azure clydeshow is the flagship interview podcast at the times and it's hosted by Ezra Klein who founded Vox big Media company and also writes a weekly column weekly-ish column for the opinion section and so I think something that makes our show distinct is that we cover a ton of different topics so politics is Ezra's comfort zone so we do a lot of politics episodes political scientists journalists we just had Rachel Maddow on the show uh we also do respond to the news not every week but you know let's say when the Russia Ukraine war started we did like 10 episodes with people from Fiona Hill to Masha gessen um to Ukrainian philosophers trying to give listeners a lens like a really thorough lens not just saying here's what happened today but like here's a new way to think about it we did the same after Dobbs so this was one of our episodes with legal scholar Kate Shaw and then a lot of what I work on is kind of more in the humanities and social sciences and one of my favorite recent episodes in this bucket was with the amazing scholar Catherine Bond Stockton and it was about gender and why gender has become such a Salient conversation in the country what people are afraid of with Gen under and most importantly what is exciting about you know people from young kids through very old folks really kind of redefining and opening up the gender binary and that one was really meaningful to me because I would have people say you know I sent this to my mom or I sent this to my grandma because it was both kind of challenging and approachable and of course some of our listeners hated it but I actually took that as a compliment because it's a touchy topic and then sometimes we get lucky and we get folks like Barack Obama okay and so quickly what are our show goals kind of like what Elizabeth was talking about with her show um I would say three things one my favorite place to exist as kind of an all-act person is in The Sweet Spot between on the one hand deep um intellectual rigor and curiosity and then on the other a kind of engaging quality and accessibility so we try to live in that Venn diagram overlap where we're giving people something that's going to be stimulating and challenging and nourishing but you know not like eating your vegetables not um I don't know prohibitively uh jargony and so that's really what we're trying to do I always find that to be such an invigorating challenge in any kind of scholarly work and then we as I'm going to talk about in a second we these conversations are really purposeful we do a ton of prep and we really want to give listeners something they won't get somewhere else so if you've heard an author doing a you know a podcast book tour for their book we really want to give folks something special that's different and my most the thing that warms my heart the most is when a guest will say wow I can't believe you saw that in my work you know nobody's ever really made that connection and so that that's like when I'm proudest and then finally and this is more on the host on Ezra and if any of you host an interview or conversation show I'm curious whether you ever think about this but I think he's really kind of one of the best interviewers in the business like I listened to a show for many years before working here but he's really good at in the first couple minutes of a conversation kind of reading the room and figuring out should I get on this person's energy level do I need to go down a little do I need to go up a little he'll very occasionally stop people in the middle and just kind of like give them a tip but that's very very rare but I think just really trying to cultivate a connection that's either intellectually Sparky or sometimes very personal and vulnerable and I want to just quickly before I get into our production process make a little disclaimer I mean this is my full-time job now you know I have 35 Plus hours a week to work exclusively on the show but I do have experience like many of you probably having a job that has a lot of other stuff and only having a few hours a week five to ten to work on it doing shows seasonally we make two episodes a week so it's a very grueling production schedule but this is our full-time thing we have a staff we have resources and what I want to do next is really share some things that I hope will help anyone's show but again this is this is like all I do so keep that in mind um yes and so the concept that I wanna this is just the one concept that I'm going to provide kind of to guide this um what I like to think about what podcasts do as kind of knowledge creation mediums let's say is and I'm talking about conversation podcasts here I'm fascinated by the monocaster that Elizabeth does like I've never worked on that but what I've done is conversation podcasts and in my mind what the way that like what that kind of podcast does is it creates a productive friction between two brains two personalities two voices and it uses that to surface ideas attention and all those good things in a way that you really can't do in a Solo authored article so if anyone's if you all are willing to uh kind of pop into the chat for a second I would love to hear I'm obsessed with this question of form and medium when you're thinking about informing or teaching an audience through a piece of writing versus a podcast what do you think podcasts can do with that writing can't do I don't know if I can can I see the chat if anyone wants to pop in there and give an answer I don't know if folks can chat but yes Kim bring the conversation to life I love podcasts because I love humans and I just love hearing people talk to each other and there's something inherently different about that Anika yes I mean you can you can learn while driving while doing the dishes while folding laundry walking the dog I think those are both really great even thank you so much follow tangents and make connections in the moment yes totally it's this kind of constantly like unspooling back and forth dialogue and you know when you write that that is a part of it but then you just put the thing out and you're like well it's out of course people respond and that's great but I love those moment to moment thinking on your feet challenging each other so I love that even and then I'll just finish with Dan here um in terms of it being conversation two or more braids yes I love multiple brains they can create something new yes so we always want to have people with different perspectives and again I think that magical improvisation is really cool all right so back to this uh so yeah so if you just keep that phrase productive friction in mind that that's all you need to do here um and so how do we do this now I'm going to get into the nuts and bolts of production and I think if those of you who produce podcasts and by talking to other producers I've learned this every show the production process looks so different and some shows really focus on post-production like song Exploder one of you know I think the most formally tight and wonderful shows um like they do so much after right they have to take a massive interview with the musician and like compress it down and I don't know if folks know that show you know other interview shows that I've worked with the producers on do a ton of editing to make things super tight for us on eks what we do is we front load a lot of the work and so Ezra has described our prep process as the superpower of our show which sounds kind of dorky but just that it's the important part and so again this is my full-time job but I read usually a full book A Week um and we write these sort of at the Times Like legendary prep documents which are anywhere from 20 10 to I think I've gone up to 30 pages single spaced some of that's quotes but most of it is my own original writing every week so I produce one episode a week and I do this and so actually what I do is really similar to uh writing a dissertation chapter or an article it's deeply scholarly and I find that really fulfilling but the thing that and I wonder if other folks um think about this in their podcast the thing that I love about podcasting versus writing and I've always been a writer I'll always identify with writing and love producing and reading it but podcasts are such a collaborative intellectual project so for every episode I'll talk to Ezra at least two times and we're really trying to put our brains together and stretch the range of ideas that we can get at in the show and um you know again I just I just find that like when when I'm happy with an episode it feels like it came out of a deep collaboration not just one person's mind and so I don't know folks want to talk about that more later I just again I love the formal and medium questions and so that's interesting to me and okay super quick I'll move on but the goal of our prep is to basically be a second brain for Ezra and uh we had a guest in the past Annie Murphy Paul who calls this process looping which is kind of taking an idea and cycling it or a set of ideas and cycling them back and forth between two brains so um so the idea then grows and gets richer and gets challenged so looping is a very inefficient process it's like the opposite of what artificial intelligence does but it's things that we as humans are very good at and I think it's really fun when you're producing podcasts to do that okay so this is gonna look kind of crazy but I thought I would just give a quick screenshot from a prep document and this is by far the hardest episode I've ever prepped really quickly it's with this um woman Erica bakayaki legal scholar she describes herself as a pro-life feminist which might seem like a bit of a contradiction in terms but that's it and she basically has a book about I'm not going to summarize the whole book A lot of it I really agreed with but she's very critical of casual sex culture uh hormonal birth control she literally thinks we should basically go back to the Rhythm method and not put hormones in our bodies at all and abortion Berry anti-abortion some exceptions and so this was like a massive prep because we really wanted to get it right I read the book deeply I spent more time on this than usual but just you know what we do is we have kind of an overview a conversation Theory which I'm going to talk about in a second and then usually I'll try to pull out some core themes and insights of book and I'll kind of synthesize them but also put my own um you know spend on them and again when I was working on public books 101 for five to ten episode hours a week I would do kind of a similar thing I wouldn't be able to read the whole book let's be honest I would not be able to write 30 pages but you know I would I would just try to get as much as I could and really try to organize the core ideas that I wanted to engage with but also my own editorial response to the book in one place kind of before I even wrote questions so that's something I think folks might want to think about um and so I want to just talk for a second about this thing I've never heard about this in prep but it's something that Ezra and my colleague Roger developed together the most important part of every prep and I think that other folks could kind of borrow this is what we call the theory of the conversation and the reason we do this is because we don't want to just go in and say hey this was interesting why did you write this book like and those are fine questions but we really want to have a theory what is the core idea here that we want to get out and query um how does this fit in with our show like we could have a million different conversations with let's say Margaret Atwood who I've worked on but like what's the Ezra Klein show angle what's the lens and I'll say that the theory of the conversation I think of it a bit like the intro and thesis statement of an academic article it's always the last last thing that I write but I jot down notes while reading so in a sense it's like the thesis of the conversation and we refine this I'll write it for Ezra and then we'll talk and we'll change it but it's kind of almost like a pitch or a proposal for what we're doing um and this real quick basically this is I wrote a really long theory of the conversation here um not going to go through it but basically this is part of it you know I highlight the really important things and then the yellow here is Ezra commenting um he engages with the doc and he'll make comments and then we'll use that to uh either write questions or talk more and again really tough conversation because we knew our listeners were going to absolutely hate like 50 to 75 to 100 of our ideas so how do you do that in a way that's going to really challenge her but also really bring these ideas out because this is the politics of abortion that once uh row fell we are thinking that the right might start to take up so that's essentially why we wanted to do this conversation um so second I want to talk about for a second about structuring questions because again we try to make our questions so purposeful that we don't actually do a ton of structural editing after the fact we really want the conversations kind of like what Dan was saying and even we want them to feel organic we don't want it to feel like a puzzle that someone's rearranged right um and so something that I think we all do as academics when we're planning a seminar is we scaffold we want to make sure at first we get out the Core Concepts um the core ideas and then we build on that um Ezra really likes to use kind of short quotes to draw out the guests so I often will just write down a bunch of those while I'm reading not a whole paragraph but you know you said this tell me more about that and then the last thing for our show pushback is really really essential again that friction we have a lot of people on that we disagree with I mean reading Arab kabakiaki's book there were sections where there was like I was like that emoji with the steam coming out of my nose but we want her there for a reason and so a lot of what I was thinking about was like how do we be fair but also push back and we love to use data and Empirical research to really back up that pushback and we I I I'll show you in a sec I put that in the prep so Ezra has it at hand and so I'm just going to give this is a quick screenshot of a line of questioning for Erica um she basically thinks we should not have sex until we get married she has this phrase sex for sport which is something she's very critical of so I don't necessarily need to read all of these but you know why do you think people have sex for sport not just procreation or bonding like what are those why do you think people do that because a lot of people do that right and why are they wrong just a small technical thing we put uh follow-ups in parentheses so that Ezra knows it's like nested but beneath the last one um and then why should sex be for procreation one thing that for me was entirely absent from her book was pleasure it's like well some people like to have sex because they like to have sex is that wrong and then finally like if you think premarital sex is hurting women then what should we do about it should we make it illegal like cocaine is or should we make people pay a fine or should we try to launch some massive cultural project to basically roll back the clock to the 1940s like her book did not have great answers this was a lot of the pushback and then um I'll just show quickly one thing that I did was I was I wanted to say well this is such a minority view I literally don't know anyone old or young in my life who thinks this and it turns out that 84 of Americans think casual sex is fine even over half of Christians say that and so we really wanted to come armed with this data to say well your views are so out of step with people like what do you what do you do about that um and then let me see how we're doing on time real quick because I don't want to like take forever here um yeah let's let's play a really a super quick uh clip and what what I'm playing here is I want you all to hear a little bit of how Ezra pushed back and what he's doing here really came out of the prep and I do want to say Ezra reads everything it's not just like me serving this up he reads the book I read the book but this was something that I came up with so let's listen I think this actually gets to the nut of it because I want to keep what the goals of different people in this conversation are very clear so in the in the abortion conversation we just had you made an argument there that if we didn't have abortion people would use contraception more effectively more nearly universally I don't really agree with that I think there's actually quite good evidence out of places like Delaware they're very good programs that have been put forward where contraception use actually does get abortion rates down but even if I grant the argument here I think it's important to ask the question of what is the end I think the reason a lot of people want there to be rights to all kinds of contraception right including iuds and and things that that I I do disagree with you on the evidence here I think are much more effective than natural methods and much easier to follow but in addition to that that if these things fail or if somebody fails to use them or if somebody is in a somewhat coerced situation emotionally or otherwise where they're not easy to use or if they end up in a situation that could be harmful for their health they have the ability to continue charting their own life's course that's why you end up at something like the equilibrium that many liberals have now and um and I could play more but the point here is that if she saying you know using natural fertility methods like tracking your cycle and abstaining from sex for X number of days if she thinks that a you need that and no no like abortion sorry no contraception pill and you can't have access to abortion if it goes wrong and there's a very high failure rate um especially among teenagers for the Rhythm method let's say like how is that good for women and I'm not going to play it but Ezra goes on to give data from a New York Times study that looks at the typical abortion patient and it's usually someone who is poor who doesn't have much education who is unmarried so the question that he got to was like how does this help this person right and so that was pushback that came out of our dialogues um about her ideas and then finally I'll just go through this quickly because again we do we do edit I spend a lot of time but we don't do a ton of structural rearranging because we want the structure to be sound before he goes into the studio the one quick tip that I love to give about editing I like to edit like a listener not an editor so I always do my first lesson on a walk I download the MP3 to Dropbox on my phone I open up the notes app we are lucky to live by a nice Trail in Charlottesville Virginia I take a long walk I take notes because I want to listen like the way I listen when I'm listening I I'm not going to be sitting at my computer looking at a transcript so that's just it's a way to actually build some exercise and nature into your day but I can listen so much better and what am I listening for basically am I lost am I confused am I getting bored does there feel like some structural Oddity that is throwing me off and those are the notes I make and then I go into a transcript and you know Implement those and then we do Pro Tools so that's all all right and so thank you so much for listening I hope that wasn't too long but um like Elizabeth happy to take questions um about you know kind of crossing the academic public divide our prep process editing anything else uh process wise and so thank you so much for listening and yeah Elizabeth you want to open it up to questions from the group I have a bunch of questions for Elizabeth but I'm gonna wait so other folks please spare spare us for happy to hear me talk more at the moment or would ask questions Annie I have a quick question for you is it okay if I just unmute myself yeah oh yes please we should have said that thank you Kim um I wanna you said you edit the transcript first and then you edit in Pro Tools uh tell me how how you do that how does that work yeah that's a great question so um I'll say on my last podcast we didn't get a transcript till the very end because the primary goal of having a transcript was accessibility but because we're at the times we have an incredible fact Checker and so the kind of one of the main reasons for the transcript is for the fact check and um and so so we get a transcription of the raw audio for every episode and then what I do is I go on my walk I you know have my notes then I go to the transcript and I sort of import them in and we basically say if something is definitely cut like my dogs are barking for mezero challenge a lot my kids are screaming we Mark that in red that's a definite cut any editorial Cuts I make will be in Orange and then our fact Checker is going through and commenting when there's a fact issue and then we figure out how to cut and then I work in Pro Tools we have an engineer who also does the majority of the approach tools and we kind of use the script as like a guidebook so it's like oh blah blah here's a you know here's a red here's an orange sometimes a structural move so that's something and I having made a podcast on essentially a budget of zero dollars on iPhones I know that transcripts are expensive although there are AI Services we use those if we have a really fast turn so there are cheaper AI Services I find a transcript really helpful when editing um but I know a lot of people just go straight into Pro Tools and so either way it's fine but that's a great question I'm also really curious about this process now so sorry I hope it's not gonna be using yeah um yeah just like so your raw audio gets transcribed and that like I assume there's time stamps with that to help you then go into the file and cut whatever needs to be cut without re-listening to it all yes um so one more thing and again I absolutely did not have this at public books but we use a service called three play and it's it's hard to explain but it's really amazing because it's like you can find something in the transcript and click on it and it will play it and so I use that to hear is this cut possible but it's not necessary because my colleague who does the same thing has never worked in Pro Tools there's no idea how audio works so he just looks at the transcript he's not doing that so I think I so time stamps can be helpful if you want to go into the raw audio and just listen because sometimes Cuts don't work and that's so hard with fact check like if there's a number we need to take out I'm sure you all know this it's not like print where you just do find and replace and you're like oh it's 50 it's not 56 it's 86 but I think if you have the time stamps then you can go into Dropbox or Pro Tools and just listen for that um um does that make sense I don't know I would three play is like a huge luxury I would basically ignore that unless it's something you're familiar with but I think yeah I think being able to hear is good um yeah isn't that what descript does I mean yeah that's what I was going to bring up too oh the script does it too yes thank you absolutely which is the AI much cheaper thank you so much for bringing that up yeah it's like freaking I was gonna bring that up too because that's how I've been doing it for the last yeah since I started wanting to do transcripts and I know transcripts have come up a bunch so like when I'm writing it uh I mean I I pay ten dollars a month right now for my description so it's not there is a free version but it's right so many hours I paid ten dollars a month but you know on the scale of cost that's not out of my reach um and so I transcribed it transcribes my raw data and then basically I edit my transcript and my video like the audio at the same time and that even works for like doing the the cutting out your stumbles and cut like it's not just right it's helpful for moving it around if you want to do that and cutting you know cutting for Content but uh I also do well you know it removes um's and US automatically and it you know you have to correct the transcript because it's AI it's not like the one you're getting Annie I'm sure is has a human being looking at it and therefore yeah too yeah yeah yeah but thank you oh sorry no I was just gonna say but I find it very I really do like I like that a lot now and that I find and then I end up with a mostly okay transcript and an edited episode uh with about the same amount of time as just editing the episode which yes I'm a huge change I'm so glad that both of you brought that up because I think just descript is a great one it's so much cheaper and it absolutely does the exact same thing so thanks yeah uh how does the descript work with multi-track audio like uh multiple people I'm asking because describe doesn't work with Indian accents and uh people speaking in Indian languages so I don't get to use it much but I I'm really curious to know because they've been saying they are they're trying to work with other accents as well so I just want to be prepared in case it happens for us yeah that's a great question and I think I think that's a huge problem with AI like voice to text stuff in general um that it's very biased toward you know certain speaking Styles and so I really really hope that what you're saying happens and I don't know I mean we've definitely had so I mean we've had folks for sure with accents and it does tend to do an okay job um you know I we did a a Ukrainian philosopher who's Ukrainian is his first language and I and I remember using the AI for that and I'm pretty sure um even you can correct me if I'm wrong but I'm pretty sure it does actually identify it does identify two different voices yeah sometimes it'll say like Ezra Klein Masha gessen but at least it'll be like person one and person two yeah I can speak to that for this script just because that's how like we do we have two hosts and then an interviewee on a lot of our episodes so we have that and we're we're not as structured perhaps in some ways so there's you know there's a fair amount of cross talk there's a fair amount of somebody's giggling while something else happens or whatever uh it doesn't always get it right but it does do an identify voices right at the beginning and you get to label them and it does a pretty good job of keeping the voices separate when there's overlap it it transcribes it but you know it doesn't always assigned it correctly and things do get messed up so you have to kind of go in and decide but you know what are you gonna do like if two people are talking at once no transcription service is going to be able to sort of necessarily indicate that unless a human gets involved but I do find it it and you know I I don't have the problem of accents most of the time though sometimes our guests do we do a podcast about etymology so we're always talking about like proto-indo-european roots and Latin words and Greek words obviously yeah like I have no idea what you're talking about this makes no sense um but you know because it's a smallish percentage that's not too too hard a thing to to correct but you know there are limitations to what it can do for sure yeah it does but it does handle multiple you can also import multiple tracks if you so you can also if you record multi-track you can transcribe each of the tracks and then you know right together I haven't done it that way but you can do that that's great I mean I think if you have either there might be the free tier if you have 10 bucks a month in the budget I think it's it's worth it even if you do no matter who the speakers are I often have to do some copy editing with the AI because it's like it doesn't get that stuff and it'll pump out really weird words sometimes it puts commas in weird places but I think to me I used to edit purely with my own notes and then just straight into Hindenburg and this is so much less time consuming to kind of Target your editing on a transcript and then just go like cut so I don't know any other questions yes thank you thank you Aaliyah for the link if I I'm sorry I'm kind of talking too much but I can say I think the other you know getting back to our overall theme of structuring for learning um I think that the transcript really helps for that because you're talking about pre you know your your approach which is really interesting to hear about is you know essentially doing that structuring ahead of time but if you're going to do the structuring afterwards I think for a lot of people they want to be able to look at the whole thing and say okay what what was the thrust of our conversation what were the important bits where do we want to maybe we do want to move stuff around and that's just so much harder when you're trying to do it in audio only and remember what bits you said where whereas I find just being able to skim a transcript suddenly now you can think structurally about it um a bit more like as if you were writing it you know or writing a script you know I mean that's yeah it is obviously it's a reverse script so I think that if that's something that you're interested in is is doing some of that kind of um explicit structuring it might be helpful yeah and I think if I have a really corny edit I'll even kind of reverse outline it you know like I'll make a little outline that's like oh here's topic or whatever question and just go down and then I'll just look at that outline like does that make sense like if that's Lily padding all over and it doesn't make sense to me it's not going to make sense to listeners I don't have to do that a ton but it totally happens so I think there are a lot of tips and tricks that editors have I didn't actually want to ask oh um yeah srikant and then I have I have a question for Elizabeth too but go for it yeah yeah actually I have a question for both of you and this is slightly uh tangential to the topic but I'm curious to know what you guys think about uh the current use of artificial intelligence and how you think it will help podcasts facilitate learning uh if at all just curious to know your thoughts on the subject well is it do you want to start um let me think on that you go ahead let me give me a minute to make on it well I was wondering do you have a kind of an example because the only thing I can think of is transcription but I'm sure I'm missing something so what what might be an example of where AI is being brought into the power I was just reading an article about how students are using uh these artificial intelligence text generators to turn in their essays so they are essentially uh using artificial intelligence to create content uh and passing it off as their own so I'm trying to figure whether um uh whether whether artificial intelligence can help uh you help help um create audio and help you facilitate learning somehow or I'm actually not sure I just um tried to bring those two concepts together and that that's the first thing I thought of that's a really really interesting I did not know about that that sounds dystopian to me um as a former composition teacher and I would love to see that article if you can find it in the chat oh thank you so much uh my initial thought is that I think writing and I might be wrong but but I think that writing is easier to fake than a conversation right I mean you can plagiarize by literally copying and pasting apparently you're gonna plagiarized by having a robot write your papers but it's really hard for me to think of people going into a conversation and like having an AI generate that I mean obviously that happens but I think if you say Okay students you know you're both gonna hook up to audacity or you're going to record remotely on your smartphones you know curate that conversation like who's gonna ask questions what are those questions going to be you two both need to respond and I think there have been some great panels I heard one earlier um or sorry the first panel today with the fabulous hpn resource talking about using podcasts as a form of like composition right I just I I mean if anyone's taught that kind of project I just really it's hard for me to think about it someone said in the chat when I asked that first question that podcasting is so Humane it's really you're hearing voices you're hearing spontaneous thought you're hearing people think out loud that's something I like so much about it it feels so much more embodied and sort of even listening to a monocaster it's like that person's in your ear that's a human I don't think it's a role model is it does not sound like a robot when she's reading her tracking at all and so I guess just to sum up my first instinct would be that podcasting as an assignment perhaps would be harder to fake and harder to replace with AI what do you think Elizabeth I think it would be easier for me and somebody like with a project like mine to kind of cheat and use AI than it would be for you just because um you know I'm by myself like even if I were using AI to Just Produce like a script or something like that that I could read like that's something that I could do much easier than somebody that's doing a conversation or a dialogue that you could um I I've also been reading about students using AI to produce papers texts Etc and if I wanted to produce a paper or a text that I could read as a script for my solocast then I absolutely could do that whereas you depend on kind of that um spontaneity and spur of the moment that you know you got to pass the Turing test whereas I don't have to do that necessarily so it would be easier for somebody in my position than it would be that's interesting oh yeah go ahead whoever so no sorry I just wanted to add that uh what what what uh Elizabeth just described uh is something that is very much uh in Vogue on YouTube currently where a lot of people make channels where content is auto generated depending on whatever is trending at the time and uh it is auto voiced using one of these uh text-to-speed speed generators and they just churn out videos by the by the Dozen so uh it's kind of happening but uh primarily in the YouTube sphere rather than podcasting and audio specifically wow that's so interesting I feel like we could talk about this for another two hours um robots and everything uh do other folks actually let me ask Elizabeth I wanted to ask you really actually this is a little bit related to what you were just talking about but how do you think about structure in a monocast because again my only experience is either writing stuff or curating questions and responses and again I've hosted stuff myself so it's a lot of it is like in the moment but a lot of it's prep so how do you think about structure in both pre and post-production yeah um so I do like you a lot of the work is front loaded right like I do a lot of research and a lot of writing um there's not a lot of work that goes into post-production there's a little bit of editing but there's not a lot um I spend most of my time doing research and writing and then the recording and the post-production takes 30 minutes to an hour tops um but I will spend anywhere from two to four hours just you know working on research and writing you know two to four hours minimum um for that 25 minute podcast uh because you know these are not small topics it takes some time to talk about Elaine sex Sue and Sojourner Truth and whoever else is going to make it into that little 25 minute podcast you know um so there's like you there's a lot that goes into the prep work and then you kind of have to structure the podcast itself in a way that is sensible for The Listener right like you have to have an intro that kind of clarifies what you're going to be talking about and then you've got to make sense of the topic and then you've got to have your application and then you've got to conclude it in a way that kind of wraps things up and that takes some effort in writing you know it's it's a thoughtful process but the post-production isn't that big of a deal and you know the recording it's the post-production depends on the recording if I mess up a whole bunch of the recording then the post-production takes longer if it's a pretty clear reading then post-production takes no time at all that's so interesting again people will be like what does a producer do and I'm like it one thousand percent depends on the show um I see a question from Wesley let's have one more question and then we'll wrap up yeah Wesley yeah mine was more kind of a response to your question and to Elizabeth's response so I also do a a solo podcast me a microphone in a dream I guess and um in terms of structuring like one of the things I often have to really think about is how much more understanding I have of the material than the people listening to the podcast so I think as Elizabeth mentioned like most of the work is in the prep so it's like yeah I know all this back to front forward to back and I have to think about that a lot when I'm presenting information to make sure that somebody who's just engaging with it 25 30 minutes a week still knows and understands what I'm talking about and a lot of that is in kind of intro and outro structure as well as making sure I refer to things the same every time or revisit information more than maybe I would need to maybe my my listeners do yeah I would just the one quick thing I would add to that I was listening to both of you in some ways it can be harder if you know a lot about your topic because I think for me if I do Margaret Atwater I do a poet or a musician I'm aware that I've like studied this for nine years and so the project of Translating that is harder you know when we did the Russian Ukraine war I literally knew absolutely nothing about the Russia Ukraine I mean I knew I knew what an Engaged news reader would know no but one thing we've started to do a lot more on the show and maybe this might be helpful for others is to think about beginner's mind which is like a concept from someone else but and sometimes I'll start by writing a bunch of questions before I even do the prep that's like what do I want to know about the Russia Ukraine war right now what do I want to know from Margaret Atwood what do I want to know about this cognitive science thing and so beginner's mind I think can help you connect with your listener more because you're actually thinking like a listener you're not thinking like someone who just read a 400 page heavily footnoted book about you know why sex and abortion are horrible it's like I'm going in being like what is the deal with this and so I think beginner's mind is maybe something other folks can use too um anything what what more common or anything Elizabeth and then we'll let you all get back to your days um no I just want to thank everybody for coming it's been a delight to see you all and I really want to thank Annie for spending some time with us today um I know she works so hard and does such a fantastic job on this huge project of hers so I really want to thank Annie for sharing this time with me oh well right back at you I know you have a lot going on and um I can't wait to hear more of your show and and everyone else's show too so thank you to the committee and Elizabeth and all of you for being here we really appreciate it and I hope you have a good uh rest of your day

hello everyone and welcome to the humanities podcasting network symposium today we are going to be talking about structuring podcasts to facilitate learning my name is doctor elizabeth thorpe and my podcast is called chirotacast it is a small operation especially compared to my co host who works with the new york times but we are happy with it we have a devoted audience that tunes in every week this week we will be talking about kind of the podcast writ large in terms of how we approach learning and making big ideas applicable and i will spend a good amount of time talking about that and i am going to use one of our episodes from the last year and a half episode 35 of very nietzsche new year you can probably tell from the title it is not one of our more serious episodes i decided to kind of keep it light for this presentation i did not want to get us really down into the more ominous serious stuff that we often deal with so just a word of interest foreign 0 there we go as i said i am the host of cairoticast and it is a weekly podcast about rhetoric and current events and it is very current when i say current events a lot of times the podcast is about something that happened like in the last 7 days carl thorpe is kind of a silent partner in this endeavor he is the producer of the show and though we work together to produce the show i am what is known as a solo caster and that means the format of the show is me addressing the topic of the week instead of like a dialog or a conversation i do not do a whole lot of interviews i have done once or twice one or 2 interviews but for the most part it is just to me out there in the world of the internet talking about whatever interests me so because of that the shows run about 15 to 30 minutes long and that is by virtue of the fact that it is just me we do not want to beleaguer people with just one voice talking forever you did enough of that in high school and college with somebody lecturing you forever so we keep it short they are usually about 20 to 25 minutes and we found that is a good amount of time to make things interesting keep things interesting and still make a solid point so chironicast is dedicated to taking big ideas and showing how they play out in the proverbial real world what we are concerned with is rhetoric and current events and those are 2 things which are often seen as either difficult or irrelevant those are things that people are like 0 that does not matter to me that does not appeal to me that does not make a difference in my life and that is what we aim to address because we believe that a lot of these things that seem like they belong in the ivory tower or they do not make any difference to me or whatever people seem to think about them they are just philosophical musings or they do not affect my life they are actually really helpful in understanding the things that shape the world in which we live so we are dedicated to taking these rhetorical ideas and tenants and making them applicable so each week we address a new topic that brings something political or from pop culture into focus and we have covered everything from book banning crt uvaldi and abortion to superheroes 1st day of school jitters and april fools so we have got a very broad span of things from the very serious and you know something that you have to really kind of delve into to get to the kind of emotional center to things that are very light hearted and even silly because we feel like both of these things are important to you know living your life our ultimate goal is to take that ivory tower and bring it down a few notches because we believe that the things taught in those kind of impossibly out of touch classes like your upper division theory or your american oratory class or whatever class you took that you are like 0 my gosh how does this apply to me i am never going to use this whatever it was are actually really applicable and we try to show how the ideas that are bandied about and academic circles actually are really helpful to make sense of the world and i think one of the things my co host is going to be really helpful with and kind of tandem here is talking about how big ideas are something that we try to make useful and helpful across the board right we are taking big ideas and making them something we can all learn from and i think that is something we have in common so episodes tend to follow some basic patterns one we will address a current event usually very current and put it into a rhetorical perspective or 2 we will take a seemingly kind of effect rhetorical theory or theorist or concept and show how it helps to explain everyday life by applying it to something in the real world and i always put real world in quotation marks because like what does that even mean really so the episode i chose for today like i said is definitely one of our more light hearted episodes i thought it would be fun to choose something forging on the silly you might think the title is a little bit frivolous but at the same time it is like nietzsche is he really silly well that is kind of the point we were trying to make so in episode 35 we took a very famous philosopher and rhetorician and somebody who might seem kind of out of reach to your everyday listener and we made him something that was easy to grapple with and something that you might even enjoy thinking about so i have about a 2 minute clip out of what was about a 25 minute episode i think so i thought i would share that with you and then we can talk about like what this was and how it worked so let us give this a shot the other part of nietzsche is project that i think is useful to think about for 2021 is his idea of the ubermensch this is easily his most misconstrued idea a lot of bad dudes have tried to paint this concept as some kind of superior human that will lord over the rest of us because of his innate characteristics but that is not what it is at all the uber mensch is simply a person who can control the chaos around them and behave in an ethical manner they can assess the discourse they find themselves in and master the matter at hand they are master artists or teachers or athletes perhaps but more importantly they are self actualized and recognize their own power over their circumstances now look 2020 threw us a lot of curveballs there were a lot of things outside of our control so for 2021 what i wish for you is that you have the self confidence to look at yourself and your situation and realize what is and is not in your control and take hold of your life that may mean spending a bit less time stressing and a bit more time working out or playing with your pet that may mean getting a bit more organized that may mean spending an hour a day reading a trashy romance novel instead of doom scrolling i want you to do what you need to do to bring some order to your chaos this is a 21st century kind of discipline maybe it means more baking going to bed earlier making more time to chat with a friend the world out there is a mess our lives have been chaotic how will you take hold of the chaos and master it a bit there are a lot of things you can not control you can not control the politicians who are screaming about electoral fraud or when you will get the vaccine you can not control the family members who will refuse to wear a mask in public and then have get togethers on the weekends but there are things you can control so for the new year episode we took up philosopher that is usually associated with nihilism and pessimism and we turned him on his head we talked about how nietzsche is philosophy empowers us to be truth builders and to master the chaos around us and as we all remember coming off of the madness of 2020 and honestly things have not changed that much but coming off of the madness that was 2020 that sounded pretty good right like mastering chaos building our truths these are things that we kind of needed to hear coming out of 2020 so we took what seemed dismal and impossibly theoretical and made it real and optimistic so like i said episode 35 was a particularly optimistic episode but we have covered things like the inherent whiteness and the educational system and misogyny in the academy and things like that do not necessarily lend themselves to such a positive spin but each episode is geared to teach to a broad audience about challenging topics more serious episodes like one of our recent ones about the body is text which dealt with the history of often women using the physical body as an argument follow the same pattern there is an idea or topic that is explained through the lens of a rhetorical theory or theorist which shows how rhetoric is a useful concept now if i were just telling you about this over lunch and we were just talking about it it would probably sound like this would appeal to a very limited audience because honestly how many people are that interested in rhetoric right but that is kind of the point the whole podcast is to show that this subject does have a wide appeal and is of interest to everyone and that is why we have listeners from all walks of life and from all over the globe because we are serious about our goal and that is to show that these ideas are not just for professors who are sitting in their offices writing books that nobody will ever read because there are plenty of professors doing that there are a lot of people who are sitting in their offices writing books that only one or 2 people are ever going to read and we do not feel that is useful we truly believe that if ideas are going to be useful and beneficial then they need to be something that are applicable to life in general they need to be something that are accessible so that is what we are working toward all the time so our audience is multi layered we appeal to academics certainly there are a lot of people in the academy who tune in every week i know we have a lot of professors who really like to listen to our show we have a lot of students who tune in tune in and that is kind of double layered there i have had lots of grad students email me and say 0 i really appreciate your show it is helped me kind of ground myself and what i think i am going to do and how i think i am going to approach my dissertation or my thesis or my classes or anything like that but i also know that professors have used my podcast in their classes to help explain concepts so i know that people either in high school or in college have been exposed to the podcast as students because it is a learning tool introduced to them by their professors there are professionals who listen to the podcast because they have found that it explains a particular concept that is useful to them in the working world and then we have a lot of just lay listeners people who are like you know this is really interesting and this presented to me a unique and fascinating perspective that i just would not have thought of on my own and those are some of the most rewarding listeners because they will reach out to me and be like hey that was really cool i like that more of that please and that is always really encouraging so i am going to turn this over to my co host annie in a minute i would love to answer any questions that you have like i said my approach was to kind of talk about this writ large about how i approach learning and the structure i take for the podcast and my goals for what i do when i am thinking about my podcast you can ask me questions here or if you want to email me i am at elizabeth at chirotacass that is k a i r 0 t i c a s t com i would be happy to answer any questions via email but for now i am going to turn it over to annie and we will take questions at the end thank you so much elizabeth that i have been so excited to hear about your show and subscribe and want to hear more so let me quickly share my screen and get the slideshow going and yes i will start by i am just going to get this out of the way anyway okay so my name is annie galvin and 1st of all just thank you so much to to the hpn for organizing another great conference and having me here and thank you all for taking an hour out of your fridays to be here so just a tiny bit about me before we get into another chapter of structuring podcast to facilitate learning so i currently work as the producer at the ezra klein show which is a podcast that is based at new york times in the opinion section and in my last job i co created and produced a show called public books 101 at the magazine public books and we are really proud of that show i have such a warm place in my heart that was more of a public scholarship show for public books 101 we were basically trying to create the experience of an academic seminar in miniature so we would have a host of each season and on each episode 2 experts in the field and so listeners hopefully would feel like they were sitting in on you know a seminar with like the best people and we would accompany that with discussion questions so it was really fun to get hear from folks who use it as a teaching tool 0 how do i go to the next 0 good okay there we go so i am going to just say a tiny tiny bit about our show and then i am going to get into some nuts and bolts of our production process so the azure clydeshow is the flagship interview podcast at the times and it is hosted by ezra klein who founded vox big media company and also writes a weekly column weekly ish column for the opinion section and so i think something that makes our show distinct is that we cover a ton of different topics so politics is ezra is comfort zone so we do a lot of politics episodes political scientists journalists we just had rachel maddow on the show we also do respond to the news not every week but you know let us say when the russia ukraine war started we did like 10 episodes with people from fiona hill to masha gessen to ukrainian philosophers trying to give listeners a lens like a really thorough lens not just saying here is what happened today but like here is a new way to think about it we did the same after dobbs so this was one of our episodes with legal scholar kate shaw and then a lot of what i work on is kind of more in the humanities and social sciences and one of my favorite recent episodes in this bucket was with the amazing scholar catherine bond stockton and it was about gender and why gender has become such a salient conversation in the country what people are afraid of with general under and most importantly what is exciting about you know people from young kids through very old folks really kind of redefining and opening up the gender binary and that one was really meaningful to me because i would have people say you know i sent this to my mom or i sent this to my grandma because it was both kind of challenging and approachable and of course some of our listeners hated it but i actually took that as a compliment because it is a touchy topic and then sometimes we get lucky and we get folks like barack obama okay and so quickly what are our show goals kind of like what elizabeth was talking about with her show i would say 3 things one my favorite place to exist as kind of an all act person is in the sweet spot between on the one hand deep intellectual rigor and curiosity and then on the other a kind of engaging quality and accessibility so we try to live in that venn diagram overlap where we are giving people something that is going to be stimulating and challenging and nourishing but you know not like eating your vegetables not i do not know prohibitively jargony and so that is really what we are trying to do i always find that to be such an invigorating challenge in any kind of scholarly work and then we as i am going to talk about in a 2nd we these conversations are really purposeful we do a ton of prep and we really want to give listeners something they will not get somewhere else so if you have heard an author doing a you know a podcast book tour for their book we really want to give folks something special that is different and my most the thing that warms my heart the most is when a guest will say wow i can not believe you saw that in my work you know nobody is ever really made that connection and so that that is like when i am proudest and then finally and this is more on the host on ezra and if any of you host an interview or conversation show i am curious whether you ever think about this but i think he is really kind of one of the best interviewers in the business like i listened to a show for many years before working here but he is really good at in the 1st couple minutes of a conversation kind of reading the room and figuring out should i get on this person is energy level do i need to go down a little do i need to go up a little he will very occasionally stop people in the middle and just kind of like give them a tip but that is very very rare but i think just really trying to cultivate a connection that is either intellectually sparky or sometimes very personal and vulnerable and i want to just quickly before i get into our production process make a little disclaimer i mean this is my full time job now you know i have 35 plus hours a week to work exclusively on the show but i do have experience like many of you probably having a job that has a lot of other stuff and only having a few hours a week 5 to 10 to work on it doing shows seasonally we make 2 episodes a week so it is a very grueling production schedule but this is our full time thing we have a staff we have resources and what i want to do next is really share some things that i hope will help anyone is show but again this is this is like all i do so keep that in mind yes and so the concept that i want to this is just the one concept that i am going to provide kind of to guide this what i like to think about what podcasts do as kind of knowledge creation mediums let us say is and i am talking about conversation podcasts here i am fascinated by the monocaster that elizabeth does like i have never worked on that but what i have done is conversation podcasts and in my mind what the way that like what that kind of podcast does is it creates a productive friction between 2 brains 2 personalities 2 voices and it uses that to surface ideas attention and all those good things in a way that you really can not do in a solo authored article so if anyone is if you all are willing to kind of pop into the chat for a 2nd i would love to hear i am obsessed with this question of form and medium when you are thinking about informing or teaching an audience through a piece of writing versus a podcast what do you think podcasts can do with that writing can not do i do not know if i can can i see the chat if anyone wants to pop in there and give an answer i do not know if folks can chat but yes kim bring the conversation to life i love podcasts because i love humans and i just love hearing people talk to each other and there is something inherently different about that anika yes i mean you can you can learn while driving while doing the dishes while folding laundry walking the dog i think those are both really great even thank you so much follow tangents and make connections in the moment yes totally it is this kind of constantly like unspooling back and forth dialog and you know when you write that that is a part of it but then you just put the thing out and you are like well it is out of course people respond and that is great but i love those moment to moment thinking on your feet challenging each other so i love that even and then i will just finish with dan here in terms of it being conversation 2 or more braids yes i love multiple brains they can create something new yes so we always want to have people with different perspectives and again i think that magical improvisation is really cool all right so back to this so yeah so if you just keep that phrase productive friction in mind that that is all you need to do here and so how do we do this now i am going to get into the nuts and bolts of production and i think if those of you who produce podcasts and by talking to other producers i have learned this every show the production process looks so different and some shows really focus on post production like song exploder one of you know i think the most formally tight and wonderful shows like they do so much after right they have to take a massive interview with the musician and like compress it down and i do not know if folks know that show you know other interview shows that i have worked with the producers on do a ton of editing to make things super tight for us on eks what we do is we front load a lot of the work and so ezra has described our prep process as the superpower of our show which sounds kind of dorky but just that it is the important part and so again this is my full time job but i read usually a full book a week and we write these sort of at the times like legendary prep documents which are anywhere from 20 10 to i think i have gone up to 30 pages single spaced some of that is quotes but most of it is my own original writing every week so i produce one episode a week and i do this and so actually what i do is really similar to writing a dissertation chapter or an article it is deeply scholarly and i find that really fulfilling but the thing that and i wonder if other folks think about this in their podcast the thing that i love about podcasting versus writing and i have always been a writer i will always identify with writing and love producing and reading it but podcasts are such a collaborative intellectual project so for every episode i will talk to ezra at least 2 times and we are really trying to put our brains together and stretch the range of ideas that we can get at in the show and you know again i just i just find that like when when i am happy with an episode it feels like it came out of a deep collaboration not just one person is mind and so i do not know folks want to talk about that more later i just again i love the formal and medium questions and so that is interesting to me and okay super quick i will move on but the goal of our prep is to basically be a 2nd brain for ezra and we had a guest in the past annie murphy paul who calls this process looping which is kind of taking an idea and cycling it or a set of ideas and cycling them back and forth between 2 brains so so the idea then grows and gets richer and gets challenged so looping is a very inefficient process it is like the opposite of what artificial intelligence does but it is things that we as humans are very good at and i think it is really fun when you are producing podcasts to do that okay so this is going to look kind of crazy but i thought i would just give a quick screenshot from a prep document and this is by far the hardest episode i have ever prepped really quickly it is with this woman erica bakayaki legal scholar she describes herself as a pro life feminist which might seem like a bit of a contradiction in terms but that is it and she basically has a book about i am not going to summarize the whole book a lot of it i really agreed with but she is very critical of casual sex culture hormonal birth control she literally thinks we should basically go back to the rhythm method and not put hormones in our bodies at all and abortion berry anti abortion some exceptions and so this was like a massive prep because we really wanted to get it right i read the book deeply i spent more time on this than usual but just you know what we do is we have kind of an overview a conversation theory which i am going to talk about in a 2nd and then usually i will try to pull out some core themes and insights of book and i will kind of synthesize them but also put my own you know spend on them and again when i was working on public books 101 for 5 to 10 episode hours a week i would do kind of a similar thing i would not be able to read the whole book let us be honest i would not be able to write 30 pages but you know i would i would just try to get as much as i could and really try to organize the core ideas that i wanted to engage with but also my own editorial response to the book in one place kind of before i even wrote questions so that is something i think folks might want to think about and so i want to just talk for a 2nd about this thing i have never heard about this in prep but it is something that ezra and my colleague roger developed together the most important part of every prep and i think that other folks could kind of borrow this is what we call the theory of the conversation and the reason we do this is because we do not want to just go in and say hey this was interesting why did you write this book like and those are fine questions but we really want to have a theory what is the core idea here that we want to get out and query how does this fit in with our show like we could have a 1000000 different conversations with let us say margaret atwood who i have worked on but like what is the ezra klein show angle what is the lens and i will say that the theory of the conversation i think of it a bit like the intro and thesis statement of an academic article it is always the last last thing that i write but i jot down notes while reading so in a sense it is like the thesis of the conversation and we refine this i will write it for ezra and then we will talk and we will change it but it is kind of almost like a pitch or a proposal for what we are doing and this real quick basically this is i wrote a really long theory of the conversation here not going to go through it but basically this is part of it you know i highlight the really important things and then the yellow here is ezra commenting he engages with the doc and he will make comments and then we will use that to either write questions or talk more and again really tough conversation because we knew our listeners were going to absolutely hate like 50 to 75 to 100 of our ideas so how do you do that in a way that is going to really challenge her but also really bring these ideas out because this is the politics of abortion that once row fell we are thinking that the right might start to take up so that is essentially why we wanted to do this conversation so 2nd i want to talk about for a 2nd about structuring questions because again we try to make our questions so purposeful that we do not actually do a ton of structural editing after the fact we really want the conversations kind of like what dan was saying and even we want them to feel organic we do not want it to feel like a puzzle that someone is rearranged right and so something that i think we all do as academics when we are planning a seminar is we scaffold we want to make sure at 1st we get out the core concepts the core ideas and then we build on that ezra really likes to use kind of short quotes to draw out the guests so i often will just write down a bunch of those while i am reading not a whole paragraph but you know you said this tell me more about that and then the last thing for our show pushback is really really essential again that friction we have a lot of people on that we disagree with i mean reading arab kabakiaki is book there were sections where there was like i was like that emoji with the steam coming out of my nose but we want her there for a reason and so a lot of what i was thinking about was like how do we be fair but also push back and we love to use data and empirical research to really back up that pushback and we i i i will show you in a sec i put that in the prep so ezra has it at hand and so i am just going to give this is a quick screenshot of a line of questioning for erica she basically thinks we should not have sex until we get married she has this phrase sex for sport which is something she is very critical of so i do not necessarily need to read all of these but you know why do you think people have sex for sport not just procreation or bonding like what are those why do you think people do that because a lot of people do that right and why are they wrong just a small technical thing we put follow ups in parentheses so that ezra knows it is like nested but beneath the last one and then why should sex be for procreation one thing that for me was entirely absent from her book was pleasure it is like well some people like to have sex because they like to have sex is that wrong and then finally like if you think premarital sex is hurting women then what should we do about it should we make it illegal like cocaine is or should we make people pay a fine or should we try to launch some massive cultural project to basically roll back the clock to the 1940s like her book did not have great answers this was a lot of the pushback and then i will just show quickly one thing that i did was i was i wanted to say well this is such a minority view i literally do not know anyone old or young in my life who thinks this and it turns out that 84 of americans think casual sex is fine even over half of christians say that and so we really wanted to come armed with this data to say well your views are so out of step with people like what do you what do you do about that and then let me see how we are doing on time real quick because i do not want to like take forever here yeah let us let us play a really a super quick clip and what what i am playing here is i want you all to hear a little bit of how ezra pushed back and what he is doing here really came out of the prep and i do want to say ezra reads everything it is not just like me serving this up he reads the book i read the book but this was something that i came up with so let us listen i think this actually gets to the nut of it because i want to keep what the goals of different people in this conversation are very clear so in the in the abortion conversation we just had you made an argument there that if we did not have abortion people would use contraception more effectively more nearly universally i do not really agree with that i think there is actually quite good evidence out of places like delaware they are very good programs that have been put forward where contraception use actually does get abortion rates down but even if i grant the argument here i think it is important to ask the question of what is the end i think the reason a lot of people want there to be rights to all kinds of contraception right including iuds and and things that that i i do disagree with you on the evidence here i think are much more effective than natural methods and much easier to follow but in addition to that that if these things fail or if somebody fails to use them or if somebody is in a somewhat coerced situation emotionally or otherwise where they are not easy to use or if they end up in a situation that could be harmful for their health they have the ability to continue charting their own life is course that is why you end up at something like the equilibrium that many liberals have now and and i could play more but the point here is that if she saying you know using natural fertility methods like tracking your cycle and abstaining from sex for x number of days if she thinks that a you need that and no no like abortion sorry no contraception pill and you can not have access to abortion if it goes wrong and there is a very high failure rate especially among teenagers for the rhythm method let us say like how is that good for women and i am not going to play it but ezra goes on to give data from a new york times study that looks at the typical abortion patient and it is usually someone who is poor who does not have much education who is unmarried so the question that he got to was like how does this help this person right and so that was pushback that came out of our dialogs about her ideas and then finally i will just go through this quickly because again we do we do edit i spend a lot of time but we do not do a ton of structural rearranging because we want the structure to be sound before he goes into the studio the one quick tip that i love to give about editing i like to edit like a listener not an editor so i always do my 1st lesson on a walk i download the mp 3 to dropbox on my phone i open up the notes app we are lucky to live by a nice trail in charlottesville virginia i take a long walk i take notes because i want to listen like the way i listen when i am listening i i am not going to be sitting at my computer looking at a transcript so that is just it is a way to actually build some exercise and nature into your day but i can listen so much better and what am i listening for basically am i lost am i confused am i getting bored does there feel like some structural oddity that is throwing me off and those are the notes i make and then i go into a transcript and you know implement those and then we do pro tools so that is all all right and so thank you so much for listening i hope that was not too long but like elizabeth happy to take questions about you know kind of crossing the academic public divide our prep process editing anything else process wise and so thank you so much for listening and yeah elizabeth you want to open it up to questions from the group i have a bunch of questions for elizabeth but i am going to wait so other folks please spare spare us for happy to hear me talk more at the moment or would ask questions annie i have a quick question for you is it okay if i just unmute myself yeah 0 yes please we should have said that thank you kim i want to you said you edit the transcript 1st and then you edit in pro tools tell me how how you do that how does that work yeah that is a great question so i will say on my last podcast we did not get a transcript till the very end because the primary goal of having a transcript was accessibility but because we are at the times we have an incredible fact checker and so the kind of one of the main reasons for the transcript is for the fact check and and so so we get a transcription of the raw audio for every episode and then what i do is i go on my walk i you know have my notes then i go to the transcript and i sort of import them in and we basically say if something is definitely cut like my dogs are barking for mezero challenge a lot my kids are screaming we mark that in red that is a definite cut any editorial cuts i make will be in orange and then our fact checker is going through and commenting when there is a fact issue and then we figure out how to cut and then i work in pro tools we have an engineer who also does the majority of the approach tools and we kind of use the script as like a guidebook so it is like 0 blah blah here is a you know here is a red here is an orange sometimes a structural move so that is something and i having made a podcast on essentially a budget of $0 on iphones i know that transcripts are expensive although there are ai services we use those if we have a really fast turn so there are cheaper ai services i find a transcript really helpful when editing but i know a lot of people just go straight into pro tools and so either way it is fine but that is a great question i am also really curious about this process now so sorry i hope it is not going to be using yeah yeah just like so your raw audio gets transcribed and that like i assume there is time stamps with that to help you then go into the file and cut whatever needs to be cut without re listening to it all yes so one more thing and again i absolutely did not have this at public books but we use a service called 3 play and it is it is hard to explain but it is really amazing because it is like you can find something in the transcript and click on it and it will play it and so i use that to hear is this cut possible but it is not necessary because my colleague who does the same thing has never worked in pro tools there is no idea how audio works so he just looks at the transcript he is not doing that so i think i so time stamps can be helpful if you want to go into the raw audio and just listen because sometimes cuts do not work and that is so hard with fact check like if there is a number we need to take out i am sure you all know this it is not like print where you just do find and replace and you are like 0 it is 50 it is not 56 it is 86 but i think if you have the time stamps then you can go into dropbox or pro tools and just listen for that does that make sense i do not know i would 3 play is like a huge luxury i would basically ignore that unless it is something you are familiar with but i think yeah i think being able to hear is good yeah is not that what descript does i mean yeah that is what i was going to bring up too 0 the script does it too yes thank you absolutely which is the ai much cheaper thank you so much for bringing that up yeah it is like freaking i was going to bring that up too because that is how i have been doing it for the last yeah since i started wanting to do transcripts and i know transcripts have come up a bunch so like when i am writing it i mean i i pay $10 a month right now for my description so it is not there is a free version but it is right so many hours i paid $10 a month but you know on the scale of cost that is not out of my reach and so i transcribed it transcribes my raw data and then basically i edit my transcript and my video like the audio at the same time and that even works for like doing the the cutting out your stumbles and cut like it is not just right it is helpful for moving it around if you want to do that and cutting you know cutting for content but i also do well you know it removes is and us automatically and it you know you have to correct the transcript because it is ai it is not like the one you are getting annie i am sure is has a human being looking at it and therefore yeah too yeah yeah yeah but thank you 0 sorry no i was just going to say but i find it very i really do like i like that a lot now and that i find and then i end up with a mostly okay transcript and an edited episode with about the same amount of time as just editing the episode which yes i am a huge change i am so glad that both of you brought that up because i think just descript is a great one it is so much cheaper and it absolutely does the exact same thing so thanks yeah how does the descript work with multi track audio like multiple people i am asking because describe does not work with indian accents and people speaking in indian languages so i do not get to use it much but i i am really curious to know because they have been saying they are they are trying to work with other accents as well so i just want to be prepared in case it happens for us yeah that is a great question and i think i think that is a huge problem with ai like voice to text stuff in general that it is very biased toward you know certain speaking styles and so i really really hope that what you are saying happens and i do not know i mean we have definitely had so i mean we have had folks for sure with accents and it does tend to do an okay job you know i we did a a ukrainian philosopher who is ukrainian is his 1st language and i and i remember using the ai for that and i am pretty sure even you can correct me if i am wrong but i am pretty sure it does actually identify it does identify 2 different voices yeah sometimes it will say like ezra klein masha gessen but at least it will be like person one and person 2 yeah i can speak to that for this script just because that is how like we do we have 2 hosts and then an interviewee on a lot of our episodes so we have that and we are we are not as structured perhaps in some ways so there is you know there is a fair amount of cross talk there is a fair amount of somebody is giggling while something else happens or whatever it does not always get it right but it does do an identify voices right at the beginning and you get to label them and it does a pretty good job of keeping the voices separate when there is overlap it it transcribes it but you know it does not always assigned it correctly and things do get messed up so you have to kind of go in and decide but you know what are you going to do like if 2 people are talking at once no transcription service is going to be able to sort of necessarily indicate that unless a human gets involved but i do find it it and you know i i do not have the problem of accents most of the time though sometimes our guests do we do a podcast about etymology so we are always talking about like proto indo european roots and latin words and greek words obviously yeah like i have no idea what you are talking about this makes no sense but you know because it is a smallish percentage that is not too too hard a thing to to correct but you know there are limitations to what it can do for sure yeah it does but it does handle multiple you can also import multiple tracks if you so you can also if you record multi track you can transcribe each of the tracks and then you know right together i have not done it that way but you can do that that is great i mean i think if you have either there might be the free tier if you have 10 bucks a month in the budget i think it is it is worth it even if you do no matter who the speakers are i often have to do some copy editing with the ai because it is like it does not get that stuff and it will pump out really weird words sometimes it puts commas in weird places but i think to me i used to edit purely with my own notes and then just straight into hindenburg and this is so much less time consuming to kind of target your editing on a transcript and then just go like cut so i do not know any other questions yes thank you thank you aaliyah for the link if i i am sorry i am kind of talking too much but i can say i think the other you know getting back to our overall theme of structuring for learning i think that the transcript really helps for that because you are talking about pre you know your your approach which is really interesting to hear about is you know essentially doing that structuring ahead of time but if you are going to do the structuring afterwards i think for a lot of people they want to be able to look at the whole thing and say okay what what was the thrust of our conversation what were the important bits where do we want to maybe we do want to move stuff around and that is just so much harder when you are trying to do it in audio only and remember what bits you said where whereas i find just being able to skim a transcript suddenly now you can think structurally about it a bit more like as if you were writing it you know or writing a script you know i mean that is yeah it is obviously it is a reverse script so i think that if that is something that you are interested in is is doing some of that kind of explicit structuring it might be helpful yeah and i think if i have a really corny edit i will even kind of reverse outline it you know like i will make a little outline that is like 0 here is topic or whatever question and just go down and then i will just look at that outline like does that make sense like if that is lily padding all over and it does not make sense to me it is not going to make sense to listeners i do not have to do that a ton but it totally happens so i think there are a lot of tips and tricks that editors have i did not actually want to ask 0 yeah srikant and then i have i have a question for elizabeth too but go for it yeah yeah actually i have a question for both of you and this is slightly tangential to the topic but i am curious to know what you guys think about the current use of artificial intelligence and how you think it will help podcasts facilitate learning if at all just curious to know your thoughts on the subject well is it do you want to start let me think on that you go ahead let me give me a minute to make on it well i was wondering do you have a kind of an example because the only thing i can think of is transcription but i am sure i am missing something so what what might be an example of where ai is being brought into the power i was just reading an article about how students are using these artificial intelligence text generators to turn in their essays so they are essentially using artificial intelligence to create content and passing it off as their own so i am trying to figure whether whether whether artificial intelligence can help you help help create audio and help you facilitate learning somehow or i am actually not sure i just tried to bring those 2 concepts together and that that is the 1st thing i thought of that is a really really interesting i did not know about that that sounds dystopian to me as a former composition teacher and i would love to see that article if you can find it in the chat 0 thank you so much my initial thought is that i think writing and i might be wrong but but i think that writing is easier to fake than a conversation right i mean you can plagiarize by literally copying and pasting apparently you are going to plagiarized by having a robot write your papers but it is really hard for me to think of people going into a conversation and like having an ai generate that i mean obviously that happens but i think if you say okay students you know you are both going to hook up to audacity or you are going to record remotely on your smartphones you know curate that conversation like who is going to ask questions what are those questions going to be you 2 both need to respond and i think there have been some great panels i heard one earlier or sorry the 1st panel today with the fabulous hpn resource talking about using podcasts as a form of like composition right i just i i mean if anyone is taught that kind of project i just really it is hard for me to think about it someone said in the chat when i asked that 1st question that podcasting is so humane it is really you are hearing voices you are hearing spontaneous thought you are hearing people think out loud that is something i like so much about it it feels so much more embodied and sort of even listening to a monocaster it is like that person is in your ear that is a human i do not think it is a role model is it does not sound like a robot when she is reading her tracking at all and so i guess just to sum up my 1st instinct would be that podcasting as an assignment perhaps would be harder to fake and harder to replace with ai what do you think elizabeth i think it would be easier for me and somebody like with a project like mine to kind of cheat and use ai than it would be for you just because you know i am by myself like even if i were using ai to just produce like a script or something like that that i could read like that is something that i could do much easier than somebody that is doing a conversation or a dialog that you could i i have also been reading about students using ai to produce papers texts etc and if i wanted to produce a paper or a text that i could read as a script for my solocast then i absolutely could do that whereas you depend on kind of that spontaneity and spur of the moment that you know you got to pass the turing test whereas i do not have to do that necessarily so it would be easier for somebody in my position than it would be that is interesting 0 yeah go ahead whoever so no sorry i just wanted to add that what what what elizabeth just described is something that is very much in vogue on youtube currently where a lot of people make channels where content is auto generated depending on whatever is trending at the time and it is auto voiced using one of these text to speed speed generators and they just churn out videos by the by the dozen so it is kind of happening but primarily in the youtube sphere rather than podcasting and audio specifically wow that is so interesting i feel like we could talk about this for another 2 hours robots and everything do other folks actually let me ask elizabeth i wanted to ask you really actually this is a little bit related to what you were just talking about but how do you think about structure in a monocast because again my only experience is either writing stuff or curating questions and responses and again i have hosted stuff myself so it is a lot of it is like in the moment but a lot of it is prep so how do you think about structure in both pre and post production yeah so i do like you a lot of the work is front loaded right like i do a lot of research and a lot of writing there is not a lot of work that goes into post production there is a little bit of editing but there is not a lot i spend most of my time doing research and writing and then the recording and the post production takes 30 minutes to an hour tops but i will spend anywhere from 2 to 4 hours just you know working on research and writing you know 2 to 4 hours minimum for that 25 minute podcast because you know these are not small topics it takes some time to talk about elaine sex sue and sojourner truth and whoever else is going to make it into that little 25 minute podcast you know so there is like you there is a lot that goes into the prep work and then you kind of have to structure the podcast itself in a way that is sensible for the listener right like you have to have an intro that kind of clarifies what you are going to be talking about and then you have got to make sense of the topic and then you have got to have your application and then you have got to conclude it in a way that kind of wraps things up and that takes some effort in writing you know it is it is a thoughtful process but the post production is not that big of a deal and you know the recording it is the post production depends on the recording if i mess up a whole bunch of the recording then the post production takes longer if it is a pretty clear reading then post production takes no time at all that is so interesting again people will be like what does a producer do and i am like it 1000% depends on the show i see a question from wesley let us have one more question and then we will wrap up yeah wesley yeah mine was more kind of a response to your question and to elizabeth is response so i also do a a solo podcast me a microphone in a dream i guess and in terms of structuring like one of the things i often have to really think about is how much more understanding i have of the material than the people listening to the podcast so i think as elizabeth mentioned like most of the work is in the prep so it is like yeah i know all this back to front forward to back and i have to think about that a lot when i am presenting information to make sure that somebody who is just engaging with it 25 30 minutes a week still knows and understands what i am talking about and a lot of that is in kind of intro and outro structure as well as making sure i refer to things the same every time or revisit information more than maybe i would need to maybe my my listeners do yeah i would just the one quick thing i would add to that i was listening to both of you in some ways it can be harder if you know a lot about your topic because i think for me if i do margaret atwater i do a poet or a musician i am aware that i have like studied this for 9 years and so the project of translating that is harder you know when we did the russian ukraine war i literally knew absolutely nothing about the russia ukraine i mean i knew i knew what an engaged news reader would know no but one thing we have started to do a lot more on the show and maybe this might be helpful for others is to think about beginner is mind which is like a concept from someone else but and sometimes i will start by writing a bunch of questions before i even do the prep that is like what do i want to know about the russia ukraine war right now what do i want to know from margaret atwood what do i want to know about this cognitive science thing and so beginner is mind i think can help you connect with your listener more because you are actually thinking like a listener you are not thinking like someone who just read a 400 page heavily footnoted book about you know why sex and abortion are horrible it is like i am going in being like what is the deal with this and so i think beginner is mind is maybe something other folks can use too anything what what more common or anything elizabeth and then we will let you all get back to your days no i just want to thank everybody for coming it has been a delight to see you all and i really want to thank annie for spending some time with us today i know she works so hard and does such a fantastic job on this huge project of hers so i really want to thank annie for sharing this time with me 0 well right back at you i know you have a lot going on and i can not wait to hear more of your show and and everyone else is show too so thank you to the committee and elizabeth and all of you for being here we really appreciate it and i hope you have a good rest of your day

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr2PtiblFws

[Music] in that case we would now like to officially start welcome hello thanks for joining us this evening for our event with the title a strategic compass for europe's return to power politics online study representation and discussion good night good evening welcome to all of you thank you very much for joining tonight our study launch and discussion a strategic compass for europe's return to power politics this meeting will be in german most of the times but we have english translation ready for you you find the interpretation button down there in the zoom task bar and there you can choose the english channel for english interpretation at that point already big thank you to our two interpreters babette siebel and liam kassmann for being our interpreters tonight and providing interpretation all right i'll continue in german then my heart come right welcome thanks for joining us as i said if you want to listen to the event in english do feel free to use the english channel my colleague schmidt is here this evening too in case there are any technical difficulties or issues do feel free to write to louise directly in order to hopefully solve any potential issues you may have i'm very pleased to welcome islam damirel she's a member of the left party in the european parliament and she's a spokesperson for labor market peace and security policy and she is one of the most important left critical voices when it comes to the militarization and military cooperation at the eu level i'm very pleased that you have taken the time to join our discussion this evening i'd also like to welcome jung wagner he works for the office for militarization imi and has published a number of articles relating to security policy 2018 with claudia heiter you released a book about uh europe and [Music] it's passed towards militarization and you are also the author of the study we're going to be discussing this evening the study with the title a strategic compass for europe's return to power politics in the study he criticizes the approach provides an analysis explains what the intentions of the compass are and says a few things about european autonomy and then also explains why we are missing an opportunity the study is available in english and german on our website and the link to the study can be found in the church our event this evening is taking place in very busy days the russian war in ukraine hasn't finished yet and it's quite hard to keep track of all the developments at a european and national level eu has delivered two billion euros of weapons denmark has decided to participate in european defense policy sweden and finland want to join nato and emmanuel macron the french president spoke about the future of an arms economy that's only a small snippet of the current developments at a european level we also have a continuing food crisis and the swede institute the swedish institute on monday in its report in this report warned of the dangers of a european war so there's a lot to do when it comes to multilateral cooperation disarmament and when it comes to exiting the escalation spiral but as jurgen explains in a study the eu is going down another pass with the strategic compass and i very much look forward to hearing more about this from jurgen and to kane a better overview of what is currently happening in the eu before you commence perhaps a few words about our gender young wagner is now going to present this study then islam demiron is going to take the floor after which we'll have a joint discussion and i would very much like to invite you to directly ask your questions feel free to post your questions into the church once we have the open discussion feel free to raise your hand you will find the symbol for that by clicking on reactions and then you can raise your hand after which will gladly give you the floor we're going to be recording the first part of our event and we'll publish it on our youtube site as soon as the discussion starts we'll stop the recording the discussion itself won't be reported and also won't be published that's it for me hopefully i haven't left anything important now which if i have do let me know and without further ado i look forward to hearing to jurgen wagner's report thank you very much i'll briefly upload upload the presentation hopefully this is going to work first of all thank you very much for your interest in the topic this strategic compass unfortunately has um somewhat been lost in the current news also because of the ukraine war and all the terrible effects nevertheless i believe that it is extremely important to deal with it a lot of expectations as to the strategic compass on a political level on the 25th of march when the compass was adopted well a few days later user burrell said that europe now finds itself in a new area and has to learn to speak the words of power politics and that the compass is a tool in order to put this into practice so it is a document that relates to power and to military might if i take a look at the compass it provides three things first a concept is developed with regards to armaments planning in the european union hitherto we had a number of non-corresponding elements in this regard secondly it ensures that civil aspects of foreign policy from my perspective are becoming increasingly marginalized and thirdly in my viewpoint it provides an overview as to how europe wants to set itself up in the global competitive landscape of course the study talks about this in greater detail if you take a look at the strategic process well then at the top level we have the eu global strategy from 2016 which determines general goals and interests of the european union especially with regards to the strategic autonomy but also speaks of interests and free trade routes etc but it's rather it lacks specificity and then we have the military headline goals with the goal for the european union to have two battle groups of 5 000 troops ready to be deployed as i said here with regards to what is happening at the top level rather what has been determined at the top level but then at the lowest level we have a translation with three mechanisms that were brought to life in 2017 first of all priorities for this there's a process called cdp and card where it is determined what cross-border armaments projects are to be implemented these are then implemented in the so-called pesco and such projects are then financed by the european defense fund the edf that's the attempt at the very lowest level to be able to implement these projects now the most important thing of the european global strategy is a top goal of obtaining strategic autonomy and this can be split into three areas the starting with the political autonomy with regards to decision-making processes when it comes to military deployments or armament projects then we also have the operative autonomy which can be defined as the capacity to have the ability to have military deployments and then we also have the industrial autonomy which is the ability to equip the military with your own production because of course if you get if you get your arms from abroad you're not autonomous so these are the three pillars that make up the strategic autonomy and they are now to be operationalized by the strategic compass so the goal for the strategic company is to close a gap the aim is to be more precise to determine the threats to then think about what means are required but it's also about updating the military headline goal and for this to be the foundation for the future policy of the european union and that in itself allows for this armament process to come about that's the aim now we've been dealing with this compass for quite an amount of time the debate started early the actual work started in the second half of 2020 under the german presidency and then on march 25th under the french presidency strategic compass was finalized now let's take a look at the time frame it's foreseen for the next five to ten years when the most relevant decisions have to be taken it starts with an analysis of the threats which kind of updates the 2016 document but then what is rather unusual for such a document it goes into a num of detailed suggestions also linked to specific timings that is perhaps due to the case that the european union had hitherto taking a number of decisions then that then weren't implemented on the member state level the text should have been finished in february we all know what happened on february 24th after that it was subject to a number of revision phases in order to do justice to the new circumstances this almost solely happened with regards to the threat analysis and less so when it comes to the resulting suggestions now this threat analysis which is the foundation of the compass is confidential so it is subject to confidentiality nevertheless it is clear that what was published in the compass in the end found its way into this of this compass already ahead of february 20 21 [Music] where the european union needs to find the right response which in turn means more military capacities ahead of the 18th of february ahead of the 24th of february this analysis was somewhat dispersed after the 24th of february after the invasion of russia it was revised and this meant that uh basically everything was kept as it is but uh with an additional sentence and we need to do this because of russian syria central african republic or mali already before the 24th of february these were defined as important to european interests after the 24th of february stayed in this in this way but then it was added that because russia is present there now we need to be very decisive in our actions and that is something to be found all over the document everywhere we look it says because of russia we need a spatial strategy for defense again because of russia or we need to improve strategic communication etc etc that's the principle of the mechanism of the current document at hand now the most important capacity proposal in this compass is one that was also discussed in the wider public some of you might have heard about this and that's the proposal to set up a new military intervention or reaction force in august 2021 joseph burrell already alluded to this speaking about afghanistan according to the compass the proposal is for a rapid deployment capacity to be created with the troops of well up to 5 000 troops and it was added here with all of the required strategic enablers this is an aspect where they are still lagged but there's still things lacking and of course requires a lot of money as well the setup of this of these troops had to start this year and the process is to be finished by 2025. germany has already offered to provide the core even though it's not quite clear what core actually means this is some thing that we will probably found out in the next months and years these rapid deployment forces to have improved reaction times and therefore be better prepared for potential it was also attacks that because of what happened in afghanistan it is important to be able to react and evacuate and [Music] it also says something about stabilization deployments which related to afghanistan but also to what happened in mali so basically we're speaking about much bigger troop center battle groups which have also been deployed in the euro or abroad of the european union battle groups another difficulty that was mentioned is that the battle groups have not yet been used and it was explained that the decision mechanisms didn't work very well that such a military intervention must be agreed upon within the framework of the european union from all the members you need consent and you can also veto such intervention so it's very difficult to actually reach the consensus now that is something which is supposed to be changed by the compass more specifically there should be more flexibility brought about in the decision taking process by a for example um referring to article 44 of the of the treaty and use simply those partners who are willing to cooperate so not everybody needs to join forces and also article 31 of the tfeu can be referred to in order to facilitate um a constructive abstention by certain member states and thus come up with a coalition of the willing member states willing to actually intervene [Music] in a military way and only if one-third of the member state who at least represent one third of the population of the european union abstain constructively then a decision on a military intervention of the european union could no longer be brought about so they're simply trying to put some order into the military responses everything is being described now in the strategic compass for up to 2023 but certainly the smaller member states have not really been reckoned with adequately another thing that is being considered in the compass is an enlarging of the military compass of the military planning in actual fact this is some thing that was first initiated in june 2017 but was simply limited to 1500 soldiers a military and strategic planning however would allow to build troops up to the brigade size in order to allow for a rapid response capacity and until 2025 this process is to be terminated in order to have an almost autonomous brigade now this is simply the operative arm of military cooperation at the same time however the strategic compass also announced that the military planning objective will be revised up until 2023 and perhaps the rapid response capacity will go beyond the 5 000 soldiers the overall planning uh objective would then become the main guideline for a further expansion of all the military cooperation is and would be the basis for the greater military project in the european union that at least is the intention that was formulated beyond that the compass also looks at the armament and industrial armament processes and projects going on between france and germany for example drones which will be delivered up until 2029 but also new fighter aircrafts will come about and they will probably be delivered even later they will also be developed these products will be developed within the framework of the pesco and will also receive funding from the european defense fund so these are really projects that go far beyond the rapid response capacity which are sort of of medium intensity these would be more far-reaching strategic military objectives and will allow for european armament industry to produce these military goods rather than buying them from the united states and the strategic compass also envisages higher military expenses rather concrete objectives in this regard are being set the investment quota for the armament budget for example is being considered and rather rather far-reaching project is also to exempt future armament projects from the value-added tax that should start at the beginning of 2023 the council however on the 30th of may already decided that it should be allowed that defense consort may be built for the procurement of armament and of of weapons and military goods over the long term and such expenses would actually be that exempt 60 individual proposals are contained in the compass i've simply picked out those which i consider the most important but let me return to another question um why does the european union now strive for autonomy in the military area and what does that do to the relationship with the united states for example the compass tries to bring those two sides together that the strategic autonomy would will always only be an add-on to nato and therefore not jeopardize the good relationships that's however only partly true when you look at the measures that are envisaged in the compass and it's quite interesting to look at one of the eu think tanks of the iss that looked in 2018 at some of the major criteria and that must be considered a strategic autonomy can be looked at and raprushmore to the united states you would then not become fully autonomous you would not build up your own um capacities really you would be buying up everything from the united states which might probably be less expensive than developing it yourself and it would all take place within the framework of nato more or less and the second possibility would be the the hedging and that would mean that you achieve a partial autonomy still cooperate with the united states but perhaps if the relationship between us and the united states was to deteriorate look at the experience that we had with trump then you could switch to full autonomy so first of all a partial autonomy of um which allows afford lower intensity and semi-intensive interventions and the last criterion would be a full autonomy planning your own interventions and responses and being totally independent in taking on and using your own nuclear capacities for example with expenses there are certainly some projects underway which will take longer in development but they could probably be um [Music] concluded more rapidly if the if the relationship with the united states was to deteriorate the the united states for the time being are a firm partner of the european union in my view this is a fatal development because if you look at the compass then you find very little of what the european union in in 2012 really had going for it when it received the the nobel peace prize many of those core values are no longer there like for example disarmament non-proliferation things like that that's all been reduced to just a bare half page and then there are no more time frames said no more objectives clarified or identified for moving towards um further disarmament so apparently now the interest and the focus has been switched completely and therefore the compass really initiates a complete armament process and that goes a long way to explain what burrell already announced by speaking the language of the power everything that was done with the with the view to the reaction to the ukraine um invasion was really more or less geared to measures that allowed to the defense and to deliver weapons but not really to seek peace so that is the very fast track forward in this study i think i gave you a broad overview on the study itself of course it looks much more into detail into all the questions that i just briefly mentioned thank you very much jurgen thank you for the presentation and for your assessment i think that is rather fascinating i already have quite a few questions in my head and for all of those who've joined us um i would like to invite you to enter your questions on jurgen's presentation in the chat because we will certainly be returning to them later on so please um insert them there then i would like to inform all of those who are english-speaking is powerpoint you can find them in the study link is in the chat on the pages 8 16 and 30 there you find the crafts on strategic autonomy and also the one of the last charts uh that you shared i find them really informative and a really good overview so check them out in the study and sorry that we could only provide them in german for now the question has been put to us whether the presentation of jurgen will be shared with us i i take that as a given yes um i can see jung nodding his head so i'm registered very well then i would now like to give the floor to islam perhaps you could finish your screen sharing and earth lim now has the floor and give us her view on the presentation of the study and on the things evolving at the european level thank you very much excellent thank you very much jurgen i think that jung gave an excellent overview on the strategic compass i don't really want to go into any further details here but i would like to move to the political uh topics um much rather and perhaps come back to some of the points that um jurgen already mentioned he's talked of the threat assessment which is not available for the members of parliament and i would like to share my personal experience with you on precisely that the fact is that my colleagues in the german parliament at the time asked whether they could have access to the threat assessment which was of elementary importance for the drafting of the compass and the federal government said that no unfortunately nobody could view the threat analysis because it was drafted at the european level and not by the federal republic of germany and therefore the german government couldn't and parliament could not take any official decisions on it and that is why i asked mr burrell being a vice chair of the committee on security and could we please have a look at it because it was the basis for the strategic compass and the commission replied no unfortunately not because the information contained in the threat analysis is information that was provided by the individual member states why do i tell you this well because we tend to think that the european union has some democratic principles and some shared values and so on and so forth and perhaps we also look together on at the defense and the security issues and the policy and perhaps we overcome some of the the problems in our own countries but this precise experience with really having access to all the information leaves me to believe that unfortunately we don't get more transparency and more of a democratic participation i think um that's very obvious from what i just reported to you now jurgen said that the strategic compass was redrafted the russian federation in um violating international law attacked ukraine and of course we denounced the aggression against a ukraine and i would have thought that this would really lead the european union to stop and to reconsider but unfortunately in the strategic compass nothing else about those concrete proposals were still they they were still there i mean they were they were not amended the only thing that was added was the threat analysis analysis which was limited to saying that russia constitutes a threat to our security and this again is ample proof of the fact that the european union or the rather the european commission and the member states use this in order to argue for a re-armament of our forces because of course the general public is normally rather skeptical when the discussion is started about spending more in the defense on the defense budget and expanding um armament projects but the objectives have now really been defended by this um aggression of russia against ukraine the strategic compass really is an exercise of bundling a lot of expenses and projects in order to achieve a european defense union i prefer the term um military union because we're not really talking about the capacity to defend ourselves it really is the central objective of building up the military power now the strategic compass may probably also serve to go over a few values and objectives that were very important during the face of the founding of the european union and which have always prevailed the idea at the time was to become a political and an economic power but this is being brushed off now the unanimity rule which really was of um fundamental importance for the european union for the enlargement of the union for example it was a very important element or aspect for the smaller member states all these things are slowly but surely being considered an obstacle and should be done away with in my party of course we have had a huge debate about the rule of unanimity but the rules under which we normally operate mean essentially that france and germany almost on their own can decide we don't have the principle of unanimity they could for example veto certain responses or interventions because they are the huge that the biggest a member states with the largest number of european citizens and they would only have to look for one or two other partners and the smaller member states would simply have no say any longer and the military capacities of the huge members of the european union are to be optimized they must be adaptable and in the best case then eu armament projects will be pushed along and expended and the weapons or the military goods produced under these projects are to be sold to the member states big member states like the federal republic and france already have a big um a big weapons industry or armament military industry which of course it has a very strong lobby so big projects are being drawn up which would allow for quite a different way of [Music] waging wars and preparing us for a war situation and those joint possibilities of the member states of the european union would probably provide a very new generations of weapons and military goods mrs van der vonderlein said quite a while ago that we are living in times of huge competition between those superpowers and the european union is part and parcel of this game and in her speech at the time she said it was in 2021 that the european union was not only part of this competition but that it will also have to show its own capacity and his willingness to actually implement its own military and strategic wishes and have to muster the the power and the strategic compass is very much based on a pest goal and the militarization of the european union is continuously growing we have adopted budget lines which are completely new at the european level which will expand the military capacities of the european union they're going to be carried forward the political possibilities will also be enhanced like for example revising the principle of unanimity and the european union should be willing and capable of entering into such new conflicts mr burrell is already considering how the european union can spend more on military capacities because in the past the population at large and also the members of parliament were rather critical about huge military expenses and i remember when president zielenski came to the european car parliament and mr burrell in a great speech hear the irony and you were not willing to spend more funds on it in the future we will be spending more um in order to finance the military capacity so this is already an announcement of enlarging the military budget and it's um it's already happening not in the europe not only in the federal republic of germany but also in other countries the defense budget lines are being increased and of course there's a huge competition on the new markets and competition around the resources everyone wants to enlarge their military capacities and i have to say i am very fearful i am afraid of um that the danger of the of the threat of uh another war and um that might be the consequence of all of these individual steps that we are taking right now i am very much in favor of an autonomy under strategic autonomy but we're not talking about a strategic autonomy we're talking about military capacities and we need to strongly criticize that and reject it [Music]

in that case we would now like to officially start welcome hello thanks for joining us this evening for our event with the title a strategic compass for europe is return to power politics online study representation and discussion good night good evening welcome to all of you thank you very much for joining tonight our study launch and discussion a strategic compass for europe is return to power politics this meeting will be in german most of the times but we have english translation ready for you you find the interpretation button down there in the zoom task bar and there you can choose the english channel for english interpretation at that point already big thank you to our 2 interpreters babette siebel and liam kassmann for being our interpreters tonight and providing interpretation all right i will continue in german then my heart come right welcome thanks for joining us as i said if you want to listen to the event in english do feel free to use the english channel my colleague schmidt is here this evening too in case there are any technical difficulties or issues do feel free to write to louise directly in order to hopefully solve any potential issues you may have i am very pleased to welcome islam damirel she is a member of the left party in the european parliament and she is a spokesperson for labor market peace and security policy and she is one of the most important left critical voices when it comes to the militarization and military cooperation at the eu level i am very pleased that you have taken the time to join our discussion this evening i would also like to welcome jung wagner he works for the office for militarization imi and has published a number of articles relating to security policy 2018 with claudia heiter you released a book about europe and it is passed towards militarization and you are also the author of the study we are going to be discussing this evening the study with the title a strategic compass for europe is return to power politics in the study he criticizes the approach provides an analysis explains what the intentions of the compass are and says a few things about european autonomy and then also explains why we are missing an opportunity the study is available in english and german on our website and the link to the study can be found in the church our event this evening is taking place in very busy days the russian war in ukraine has not finished yet and it is quite hard to keep track of all the developments at a european and national level eu has delivered €2000000000 of weapons denmark has decided to participate in european defense policy sweden and finland want to join nato and emmanuel macron the french president spoke about the future of an arms economy that is only a small snippet of the current developments at a european level we also have a continuing food crisis and the swede institute the swedish institute on monday in its report in this report warned of the dangers of a european war so there is a lot to do when it comes to multilateral cooperation disarmament and when it comes to exiting the escalation spiral but as jurgen explains in a study the eu is going down another pass with the strategic compass and i very much look forward to hearing more about this from jurgen and to kane a better overview of what is currently happening in the eu before you commence perhaps a few words about our gender young wagner is now going to present this study then islam demiron is going to take the floor after which we will have a joint discussion and i would very much like to invite you to directly ask your questions feel free to post your questions into the church once we have the open discussion feel free to raise your hand you will find the symbol for that by clicking on reactions and then you can raise your hand after which will gladly give you the floor we are going to be recording the 1st part of our event and we will publish it on our youtube site as soon as the discussion starts we will stop the recording the discussion itself will not be reported and also will not be published that is it for me hopefully i have not left anything important now which if i have do let me know and without further ado i look forward to hearing to jurgen wagner is report thank you very much i will briefly upload upload the presentation hopefully this is going to work 1st of all thank you very much for your interest in the topic this strategic compass unfortunately has somewhat been lost in the current news also because of the ukraine war and all the terrible effects nevertheless i believe that it is extremely important to deal with it a lot of expectations as to the strategic compass on a political level on the 25th of march when the compass was adopted well a few days later user burrell said that europe now finds itself in a new area and has to learn to speak the words of power politics and that the compass is a tool in order to put this into practice so it is a document that relates to power and to military might if i take a look at the compass it provides 3 things 1st a concept is developed with regards to armaments planning in the european union hitherto we had a number of non corresponding elements in this regard secondly it ensures that civil aspects of foreign policy from my perspective are becoming increasingly marginalized and thirdly in my viewpoint it provides an overview as to how europe wants to set itself up in the global competitive landscape of course the study talks about this in greater detail if you take a look at the strategic process well then at the top level we have the eu global strategy from 2016 which determines general goals and interests of the european union especially with regards to the strategic autonomy but also speaks of interests and free trade routes etc but it is rather it lacks specificity and then we have the military headline goals with the goal for the european union to have 2 battle groups of 5 0 troops ready to be deployed as i said here with regards to what is happening at the top level rather what has been determined at the top level but then at the lowest level we have a translation with 3 mechanisms that were brought to life in 20171st of all priorities for this there is a process called cdp and card where it is determined what cross border armaments projects are to be implemented these are then implemented in the so called pesco and such projects are then financed by the european defense fund the edf that is the attempt at the very lowest level to be able to implement these projects now the most important thing of the european global strategy is a top goal of obtaining strategic autonomy and this can be split into 3 areas the starting with the political autonomy with regards to decision making processes when it comes to military deployments or armament projects then we also have the operative autonomy which can be defined as the capacity to have the ability to have military deployments and then we also have the industrial autonomy which is the ability to equip the military with your own production because of course if you get if you get your arms from abroad you are not autonomous so these are the 3 pillars that make up the strategic autonomy and they are now to be operationalized by the strategic compass so the goal for the strategic company is to close a gap the aim is to be more precise to determine the threats to then think about what means are required but it is also about updating the military headline goal and for this to be the foundation for the future policy of the european union and that in itself allows for this armament process to come about that is the aim now we have been dealing with this compass for quite an amount of time the debate started early the actual work started in the 2nd half of 2020 under the german presidency and then on march 25th under the french presidency strategic compass was finalized now let us take a look at the time frame it is foreseen for the next 5 to 10 years when the most relevant decisions have to be taken it starts with an analysis of the threats which kind of updates the 2016 document but then what is rather unusual for such a document it goes into a num of detailed suggestions also linked to specific timings that is perhaps due to the case that the european union had hitherto taking a number of decisions then that then were not implemented on the member state level the text should have been finished in february we all know what happened on february 24th after that it was subject to a number of revision phases in order to do justice to the new circumstances this almost solely happened with regards to the threat analysis and less so when it comes to the resulting suggestions now this threat analysis which is the foundation of the compass is confidential so it is subject to confidentiality nevertheless it is clear that what was published in the compass in the end found its way into this of this compass already ahead of february 20 21 where the european union needs to find the right response which in turn means more military capacities ahead of the 18th of february ahead of the 24th of february this analysis was somewhat dispersed after the 24th of february after the invasion of russia it was revised and this meant that basically everything was kept as it is but with an additional sentence and we need to do this because of russian syria central african republic or mali already before the 24th of february these were defined as important to european interests after the 24th of february stayed in this in this way but then it was added that because russia is present there now we need to be very decisive in our actions and that is something to be found all over the document everywhere we look it says because of russia we need a spatial strategy for defense again because of russia or we need to improve strategic communication etc etc that is the principle of the mechanism of the current document at hand now the most important capacity proposal in this compass is one that was also discussed in the wider public some of you might have heard about this and that is the proposal to set up a new military intervention or reaction force in august 2021 joseph burrell already alluded to this speaking about afghanistan according to the compass the proposal is for a rapid deployment capacity to be created with the troops of well up to 5 0 troops and it was added here with all of the required strategic enablers this is an aspect where they are still lagged but there is still things lacking and of course requires a lot of money as well the setup of this of these troops had to start this year and the process is to be finished by 2025 germany has already offered to provide the core even though it is not quite clear what core actually means this is some thing that we will probably found out in the next months and years these rapid deployment forces to have improved reaction times and therefore be better prepared for potential it was also attacks that because of what happened in afghanistan it is important to be able to react and evacuate and it also says something about stabilization deployments which related to afghanistan but also to what happened in mali so basically we are speaking about much bigger troop center battle groups which have also been deployed in the euro or abroad of the european union battle groups another difficulty that was mentioned is that the battle groups have not yet been used and it was explained that the decision mechanisms did not work very well that such a military intervention must be agreed upon within the framework of the european union from all the members you need consent and you can also veto such intervention so it is very difficult to actually reach the consensus now that is something which is supposed to be changed by the compass more specifically there should be more flexibility brought about in the decision taking process by a for example referring to article 44 of the of the treaty and use simply those partners who are willing to cooperate so not everybody needs to join forces and also article 31 of the tfeu can be referred to in order to facilitate a constructive abstention by certain member states and thus come up with a coalition of the willing member states willing to actually intervene in a military way and only if 13rd of the member state who at least represent 13rd of the population of the european union abstain constructively then a decision on a military intervention of the european union could no longer be brought about so they are simply trying to put some order into the military responses everything is being described now in the strategic compass for up to 2023 but certainly the smaller member states have not really been reckoned with adequately another thing that is being considered in the compass is an enlarging of the military compass of the military planning in actual fact this is some thing that was 1st initiated in june 2017 but was simply limited to 1500 soldiers a military and strategic planning however would allow to build troops up to the brigade size in order to allow for a rapid response capacity and until 2025 this process is to be terminated in order to have an almost autonomous brigade now this is simply the operative arm of military cooperation at the same time however the strategic compass also announced that the military planning objective will be revised up until 2023 and perhaps the rapid response capacity will go beyond the 5 0 soldiers the overall planning objective would then become the main guideline for a further expansion of all the military cooperation is and would be the basis for the greater military project in the european union that at least is the intention that was formulated beyond that the compass also looks at the armament and industrial armament processes and projects going on between france and germany for example drones which will be delivered up until 2029 but also new fighter aircrafts will come about and they will probably be delivered even later they will also be developed these products will be developed within the framework of the pesco and will also receive funding from the european defense fund so these are really projects that go far beyond the rapid response capacity which are sort of of medium intensity these would be more far reaching strategic military objectives and will allow for european armament industry to produce these military goods rather than buying them from the united states and the strategic compass also envisages higher military expenses rather concrete objectives in this regard are being set the investment quota for the armament budget for example is being considered and rather rather far reaching project is also to exempt future armament projects from the value added tax that should start at the beginning of 2023 the council however on the 30th of may already decided that it should be allowed that defense consort may be built for the procurement of armament and of of weapons and military goods over the long term and such expenses would actually be that exempt 60 individual proposals are contained in the compass i have simply picked out those which i consider the most important but let me return to another question why does the european union now strive for autonomy in the military area and what does that do to the relationship with the united states for example the compass tries to bring those 2 sides together that the strategic autonomy would will always only be an add on to nato and therefore not jeopardize the good relationships that is however only partly true when you look at the measures that are envisaged in the compass and it is quite interesting to look at one of the eu think tanks of the iss that looked in 2018 at some of the major criteria and that must be considered a strategic autonomy can be looked at and raprushmore to the united states you would then not become fully autonomous you would not build up your own capacities really you would be buying up everything from the united states which might probably be less expensive than developing it yourself and it would all take place within the framework of nato more or less and the 2nd possibility would be the the hedging and that would mean that you achieve a partial autonomy still cooperate with the united states but perhaps if the relationship between us and the united states was to deteriorate look at the experience that we had with trump then you could switch to full autonomy so 1st of all a partial autonomy of which allows afford lower intensity and semi intensive interventions and the last criterion would be a full autonomy planning your own interventions and responses and being totally independent in taking on and using your own nuclear capacities for example with expenses there are certainly some projects underway which will take longer in development but they could probably be concluded more rapidly if the if the relationship with the united states was to deteriorate the the united states for the time being are a firm partner of the european union in my view this is a fatal development because if you look at the compass then you find very little of what the european union in in 2012 really had going for it when it received the the nobel peace prize many of those core values are no longer there like for example disarmament non proliferation things like that that is all been reduced to just a bare half page and then there are no more time frames said no more objectives clarified or identified for moving towards further disarmament so apparently now the interest and the focus has been switched completely and therefore the compass really initiates a complete armament process and that goes a long way to explain what burrell already announced by speaking the language of the power everything that was done with the with the view to the reaction to the ukraine invasion was really more or less geared to measures that allowed to the defense and to deliver weapons but not really to seek peace so that is the very fast track forward in this study i think i gave you a broad overview on the study itself of course it looks much more into detail into all the questions that i just briefly mentioned thank you very much jurgen thank you for the presentation and for your assessment i think that is rather fascinating i already have quite a few questions in my head and for all of those who have joined us i would like to invite you to enter your questions on jurgen is presentation in the chat because we will certainly be returning to them later on so please insert them there then i would like to inform all of those who are english speaking is powerpoint you can find them in the study link is in the chat on the pages 8 16 and 30 there you find the crafts on strategic autonomy and also the one of the last charts that you shared i find them really informative and a really good overview so check them out in the study and sorry that we could only provide them in german for now the question has been put to us whether the presentation of jurgen will be shared with us i i take that as a given yes i can see jung nodding his head so i am registered very well then i would now like to give the floor to islam perhaps you could finish your screen sharing and earth lim now has the floor and give us her view on the presentation of the study and on the things evolving at the european level thank you very much excellent thank you very much jurgen i think that jung gave an excellent overview on the strategic compass i do not really want to go into any further details here but i would like to move to the political topics much rather and perhaps come back to some of the points that jurgen already mentioned he is talked of the threat assessment which is not available for the members of parliament and i would like to share my personal experience with you on precisely that the fact is that my colleagues in the german parliament at the time asked whether they could have access to the threat assessment which was of elementary importance for the drafting of the compass and the federal government said that no unfortunately nobody could view the threat analysis because it was drafted at the european level and not by the federal republic of germany and therefore the german government could not and parliament could not take any official decisions on it and that is why i asked mister burrell being a vice chair of the committee on security and could we please have a look at it because it was the basis for the strategic compass and the commission replied no unfortunately not because the information contained in the threat analysis is information that was provided by the individual member states why do i tell you this well because we tend to think that the european union has some democratic principles and some shared values and so on and so forth and perhaps we also look together on at the defense and the security issues and the policy and perhaps we overcome some of the the problems in our own countries but this precise experience with really having access to all the information leaves me to believe that unfortunately we do not get more transparency and more of a democratic participation i think that is very obvious from what i just reported to you now jurgen said that the strategic compass was redrafted the russian federation in violating international law attacked ukraine and of course we denounced the aggression against a ukraine and i would have thought that this would really lead the european union to stop and to reconsider but unfortunately in the strategic compass nothing else about those concrete proposals were still they they were still there i mean they were they were not amended the only thing that was added was the threat analysis analysis which was limited to saying that russia constitutes a threat to our security and this again is ample proof of the fact that the european union or the rather the european commission and the member states use this in order to argue for a re armament of our forces because of course the general public is normally rather skeptical when the discussion is started about spending more in the defense on the defense budget and expanding armament projects but the objectives have now really been defended by this aggression of russia against ukraine the strategic compass really is an exercise of bundling a lot of expenses and projects in order to achieve a european defense union i prefer the term military union because we are not really talking about the capacity to defend ourselves it really is the central objective of building up the military power now the strategic compass may probably also serve to go over a few values and objectives that were very important during the face of the founding of the european union and which have always prevailed the idea at the time was to become a political and an economic power but this is being brushed off now the unanimity rule which really was of fundamental importance for the european union for the enlargement of the union for example it was a very important element or aspect for the smaller member states all these things are slowly but surely being considered an obstacle and should be done away with in my party of course we have had a huge debate about the rule of unanimity but the rules under which we normally operate mean essentially that france and germany almost on their own can decide we do not have the principle of unanimity they could for example veto certain responses or interventions because they are the huge that the biggest a member states with the largest number of european citizens and they would only have to look for one or 2 other partners and the smaller member states would simply have no say any longer and the military capacities of the huge members of the european union are to be optimized they must be adaptable and in the best case then eu armament projects will be pushed along and expended and the weapons or the military goods produced under these projects are to be sold to the member states big member states like the federal republic and france already have a big a big weapons industry or armament military industry which of course it has a very strong lobby so big projects are being drawn up which would allow for quite a different way of waging wars and preparing us for a war situation and those joint possibilities of the member states of the european union would probably provide a very new generations of weapons and military goods missus van der vonderlein said quite a while ago that we are living in times of huge competition between those superpowers and the european union is part and parcel of this game and in her speech at the time she said it was in 2021 that the european union was not only part of this competition but that it will also have to show its own capacity and his willingness to actually implement its own military and strategic wishes and have to muster the the power and the strategic compass is very much based on a pest goal and the militarization of the european union is continuously growing we have adopted budget lines which are completely new at the european level which will expand the military capacities of the european union they are going to be carried forward the political possibilities will also be enhanced like for example revising the principle of unanimity and the european union should be willing and capable of entering into such new conflicts mister burrell is already considering how the european union can spend more on military capacities because in the past the population at large and also the members of parliament were rather critical about huge military expenses and i remember when president zielenski came to the european car parliament and mister burrell in a great speech hear the irony and you were not willing to spend more funds on it in the future we will be spending more in order to finance the military capacity so this is already an announcement of enlarging the military budget and it is it is already happening not in the europe not only in the federal republic of germany but also in other countries the defense budget lines are being increased and of course there is a huge competition on the new markets and competition around the resources everyone wants to enlarge their military capacities and i have to say i am very fearful i am afraid of that the danger of the of the threat of another war and that might be the consequence of all of these individual steps that we are taking right now i am very much in favor of an autonomy under strategic autonomy but we are not talking about a strategic autonomy we are talking about military capacities and we need to strongly criticize that and reject it

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOK_dP0Z82c

[Music] thank you hi everyone it's Becky welcome back to my channel Becky's Diamond bling the noise you're hearing is me pushing up into sit in my chair because I'm not quite ready but today is my part one of three that I owned from my Black Friday shopping um at Diamond Art Club if you have been here and paying a little bit of attention you'll know that I am working I just started on a diamond painting stash detox which is where I'm gonna go a long time with only buying a few paintings um because my stash is currently well before this one it is sitting at 281 and I decided I wanted to start the detox with 285 so that left me with four more paintings I could buy until it's over and I bought three and one Black Friday so um that quickly was not the right answer so now I will be I realized that I had in my account of 281 about 15 paintings that I'm not that I'm going to give away to people for giveaways or um that I just don't want but I'll be giving them to somebody that does and while they're all budget paintings but that's going to leave me I decided I'm gonna do 285 paintings so um and it's going to leave me with a balance of 16 more paintings I can purchase for myself um throughout this entire Endeavor which is going to take me probably literally at least a decade but anyways let's get back to why we're here today my first precious from Diamond Art Club Black Friday it is around you can tell by the pink Circle strip off the plastic I will tell you full disclosure that in my order was one kit for my mom and one kit for my husband and so while I was downstairs with her I did sneak a peek at my tool kit full disclosure I have not touched the canvases though I just wanted in a tool kit I wanted to see my cover minders um and then this one I didn't even look and see what my washi tape was so oh there it's a pretty yellow one but this is the cover reminder that I like is the most it is a pink Cloud isn't it cute and my mom's gonna fix she has a hot glue gun because the magnets didn't stay on that is uh somewhat frequent thing but it's not a big deal and put that over there it comes with enough baggies sometimes I keep these and sometimes I don't depends you have a different colored pen and a matching squishy you have some multi-placers you have a wax caddy with some wax in it and we have a diamond painting tray with a stopper and then this one we have a pretty yellow Washi with a white squiggle you know I love the my squiggles so there's what's in there and what are we looking at today this one is not very big compared to the other two I bought but um I everyone else went crazy for the utter handlings I needed this one Ray she was the first painting out of the hundred that I fell in love with and I love the colors and so I had to have her I had to have her and I got her I woke up at all on my own right at 2 55 a.m because I live on the east coast and he snagged her up so she is 43 by 61 which is 17 inches by 24 inches and as I said this is a round kit so it should be it looks like it's pretty color blocky yeah it is and it's um I like doing the ones where it's like you color in you know I do all the black first for a section and then um fill in all the colors I'm gonna try I'm Gonna Roll this the other way to see if it looks flat while I'm doing that I'll tell you some of you may be wondering what all this is this is my cross stitch to Diamond painting conversion that I'm doing that is my canvas that's just got the grid lines on it but you can't see where I've Diamond painted to because that's off camera but I will be showing that in part of a series as well I just need to get enough of it done first before I um give my first update I will put a link though to the eye section for it because I did do one video on it um if you want to see what that's about but here is this beautiful handle in oh my gosh I love her I love when they like kind of pop out like when she's she is most of the picture but I love this sun and her blue eyes and her hair look at her necklace I just love all the colors it's like all of the primary colors of the rainbow are in this somewhere even purple so well you guys aren't really seeing her let's see what happens if I zoom out some I'm sorry if you I have to mess with the all right so there's the whole thing here's our little mermaid tail because she is a mermaid most of Hannah Lin's are mermaids aren't they not all of them though but most some of them her little belly button this looks like it's gonna be so pretty and there are 42 colors in this it is very nice and sticky and uh any DMC number that falls below 150 is an aurora I can't speak an aurora borealis drill which means they have a special iridescent coating on them to make them extra extra sparkly and there are four of those in this one so that should be interesting we will find them I'm going to show you all the drills anyway but here is the bigger sticker with all of the peelable stickers for your containers so this is nice I keep these these are all my diamond Art Club paintings all the big stickers were the ones I don't have kitted up okay that's a key word there because I have probably five or six Diamond art clubs that are kitted up and I alphabetize them because that's just me so Ray goes in there there you go and they're waiting with a binder clip in my top drawer or my side drawer over here just waiting for the day that I decide to hit it up and the little stickers I put in my I'm gonna have two log books now I'm gonna have a log book that is for just my stash detox which I showed that in the video that I was going to put in the eye so go back if you missed that because I've already done it but I'm gonna put these ones in here if they're a stash photo because it's small and these books are smaller and then I'm gonna put the big sticker in my overall this is new and not pretty yet my overall Diamond painting logbook Journal where I'm gonna put in everything because not everything I'm painting is going to count as a stash detox because PR stuff that I have not received yet I'm not counting into that D stash count because I'm planning on continuing to receive it but I'm doing like this is as far as I have right now because like I said it's brand new but I'm cutting off these forms of that I have here that has information about the painting but then I list every day of the year and I'm just circling the days I work on it and showed that a while ago on one of my videos but I've kind of gotten away from using it but now I don't know I think it's kind of cool to have so I'm gonna try we're gonna try again to do that but so that's where the stickers are gonna go but in the meantime this little sticker is going in this little mask holder thing because we don't need masks anymore unless you want to but I have a bunch of stickers in there I have more in a different book because I used to put the sticker on the paper right away but anyways here's Ray look at these freaking colors they are amazing all right we are gonna pull them out though I'm gonna flip right over here so that she doesn't detract from the colors that will be on her I love all of all of these colors holy moly there are four bags of 310 that makes sense but um it's not going to be as bad as you think because it's all it's not like huge chunks of color blocking 310 it's just all the outlining it adds up you have a bag of this beautiful pink which is 3713 this beautiful bright orange yellow but I'm looking at them I'm like these are like Ultra shiny Ultra are they I read something about their drills being new even the rounds but I thought they're new ones were faceted and I like the gel nail polish and these ones look like gel nail polish smooth ones to me but anyways we'll see 301 beautiful pink 761 here is our first a b a full bag of this bright orange 131 wow can't wait to see where that goes another pink 760. 321 498 this is probably for the sun area 3853 beautiful lime green 666 red here's a pretty good sized bag of our second AB which is a baby pink 128 here's a lighter yellow 744 a brown 300 a nice purple 3746 and a nice bright pink 3708 that's that strip and now we have the strip that goes down into oh there's actually three strips let's do the small strip first 8 30 which is like um olivey green 898 which is uh chocolate 341 that's like a almost like a Periwinkle kind of purpley color 772 that's a line eager or not a lime mint here's 156 that's another purple and 33.25 which is a light blue now this is the last strip 37-12 333 purple 3814 which is a nice turquoisey color now this one is screaming orange orange 947. 906 green 7.97 which is like a Bluey purple 38.54 155 purple here is our I think this is our last AB right yeah 135 it is a nice limey green 741 33 38 42 which is a blue 740 Orange 6.99 green 7.98 blue 340 purple oh I lied this is the last a b this is 125 which is a very very very light it almost looks white but white A B's and Diamond are clever 141 so this is an extremely light mint 38.65 White 992 um which is kind of like a tealy green and 37.06. these colors are absolutely stunning so I'm going to shove all that to the side and we're gonna flip Ray back over and we are going to figure out where all these abs go somewhat quickly because it shouldn't be that hard so the symbols for the ABS are one through four one is the light minty color two is the light pink three is the orange and four is the yellow so I'm gonna start over here in the the sun the sun itself doesn't have any but the outlining of the Sun is full of the baby pink which is the twos so that's the baby pink over here and then like the sun rays or go all the way over here same thing most of this is the pinky B let's see what I find her hair has threes which is the orange all throughout like streaks a lot of it is streaked with the orange JB so her hair is going to be amazing too I don't see fours in her hair which would be the yellow so it's like she's blonde streaked with orange oh no but I think he's gonna be pretty there are and I'm scrolling down her body here there's ones right here which is the minty um green one I think that's just a different Ray of the Sun hitting behind her and there's another one over here but remember that um color had the least amount there's also some white Earth white I'm calling it a white EB now but also some of that minty um light mint AB in her necklace and there's a bunch of fours which is the yellow they're found in these green areas wait maybe that's I gotta find it again now because now I'm remembering there was a green and it just looks yellow on our um on the legend it looks yellow but it's greeny it's like a greeny yellow I guess so this is this is number four so it makes sense that it's in these areas with well that's actually not I thought it was seaweed or something but that's her tail it's in her tail so she's blinged out that doesn't mean you can't linger some more if you want to but I probably won't um if I did though if I have blue ABS I'd probably bling her eye the eye that's sticking out um but that is Rey let me know what you think about Ray I'm pretty sure other people have probably unboxed her but I purposely did not watch because I wanted to see my own reaction to her and I will show you the other two that I got um in different videos but if you like this video please give me a thumbs up and if you're new here and not yet subscribed and want to see more then please hit that subscribe button it does help out a lot and um for all my regulars and I hope new people become regulars it doesn't take much with me um but I love you all and I hope you have a great evening good night bye [Music] thank you [Music] thank you [Music]

thank you hi everyone it is becky welcome back to my channel becky is diamond bling the noise you are hearing is me pushing up into sit in my chair because i am not quite ready but today is my part one of 3 that i owned from my black friday shopping at diamond art club if you have been here and paying a little bit of attention you will know that i am working i just started on a diamond painting stash detox which is where i am going to go a long time with only buying a few paintings because my stash is currently well before this one it is sitting at 281 and i decided i wanted to start the detox with 285 so that left me with 4 more paintings i could buy until it is over and i bought 3 and one black friday so that quickly was not the right answer so now i will be i realized that i had in my account of 281 about 15 paintings that i am not that i am going to give away to people for giveaways or that i just do not want but i will be giving them to somebody that does and while they are all budget paintings but that is going to leave me i decided i am going to do 285 paintings so and it is going to leave me with a balance of 16 more paintings i can purchase for myself throughout this entire endeavor which is going to take me probably literally at least a decade but anyways let us get back to why we are here today my 1st precious from diamond art club black friday it is around you can tell by the pink circle strip off the plastic i will tell you full disclosure that in my order was one kit for my mom and one kit for my husband and so while i was downstairs with her i did sneak a peek at my tool kit full disclosure i have not touched the canvases though i just wanted in a tool kit i wanted to see my cover minders and then this one i did not even look and see what my washi tape was so 0 there it is a pretty yellow one but this is the cover reminder that i like is the most it is a pink cloud is not it cute and my mom is going to fix she has a hot glue gun because the magnets did not stay on that is somewhat frequent thing but it is not a big deal and put that over there it comes with enough baggies sometimes i keep these and sometimes i do not depends you have a different colored pen and a matching squishy you have some multi placers you have a wax caddy with some wax in it and we have a diamond painting tray with a stopper and then this one we have a pretty yellow washi with a white squiggle you know i love the my squiggles so there is what is in there and what are we looking at today this one is not very big compared to the other 2 i bought but i everyone else went crazy for the utter handlings i needed this one ray she was the 1st painting out of the 100 that i fell in love with and i love the colors and so i had to have her i had to have her and i got her i woke up at all on my own right at 2 55 a m because i live on the east coast and he snagged her up so she is 43 by 61 which is 17 inches by 24 inches and as i said this is a round kit so it should be it looks like it is pretty color blocky yeah it is and it is i like doing the ones where it is like you color in you know i do all the black 1st for a section and then fill in all the colors i am going to try i am going to roll this the other way to see if it looks flat while i am doing that i will tell you some of you may be wondering what all this is this is my cross stitch to diamond painting conversion that i am doing that is my canvas that is just got the grid lines on it but you can not see where i have diamond painted to because that is off camera but i will be showing that in part of a series as well i just need to get enough of it done 1st before i give my 1st update i will put a link though to the eye section for it because i did do one video on it if you want to see what that is about but here is this beautiful handle in 0 my gosh i love her i love when they like kind of pop out like when she is she is most of the picture but i love this sun and her blue eyes and her hair look at her necklace i just love all the colors it is like all of the primary colors of the rainbow are in this somewhere even purple so well you guys are not really seeing her let us see what happens if i zoom out some i am sorry if you i have to mess with the all right so there is the whole thing here is our little mermaid tail because she is a mermaid most of hannah lin is are mermaids are not they not all of them though but most some of them her little belly button this looks like it is going to be so pretty and there are 42 colors in this it is very nice and sticky and any dmc number that falls below 150 is an aurora i can not speak an aurora borealis drill which means they have a special iridescent coating on them to make them extra extra sparkly and there are 4 of those in this one so that should be interesting we will find them i am going to show you all the drills anyway but here is the bigger sticker with all of the peelable stickers for your containers so this is nice i keep these these are all my diamond art club paintings all the big stickers were the ones i do not have kitted up okay that is a key word there because i have probably 5 or 6 diamond art clubs that are kitted up and i alphabetize them because that is just me so ray goes in there there you go and they are waiting with a binder clip in my top drawer or my side drawer over here just waiting for the day that i decide to hit it up and the little stickers i put in my i am going to have 2 log books now i am going to have a log book that is for just my stash detox which i showed that in the video that i was going to put in the eye so go back if you missed that because i have already done it but i am going to put these ones in here if they are a stash photo because it is small and these books are smaller and then i am going to put the big sticker in my overall this is new and not pretty yet my overall diamond painting logbook journal where i am going to put in everything because not everything i am painting is going to count as a stash detox because pr stuff that i have not received yet i am not counting into that d stash count because i am planning on continuing to receive it but i am doing like this is as far as i have right now because like i said it is brand new but i am cutting off these forms of that i have here that has information about the painting but then i list every day of the year and i am just circling the days i work on it and showed that a while ago on one of my videos but i have kind of gotten away from using it but now i do not know i think it is kind of cool to have so i am going to try we are going to try again to do that but so that is where the stickers are going to go but in the meantime this little sticker is going in this little mask holder thing because we do not need masks anymore unless you want to but i have a bunch of stickers in there i have more in a different book because i used to put the sticker on the paper right away but anyways here is ray look at these freaking colors they are amazing all right we are going to pull them out though i am going to flip right over here so that she does not detract from the colors that will be on her i love all of all of these colors holy moly there are 4 bags of 310 that makes sense but it is not going to be as bad as you think because it is all it is not like huge chunks of color blocking 310 it is just all the outlining it adds up you have a bag of this beautiful pink which is 3713 this beautiful bright orange yellow but i am looking at them i am like these are like ultra shiny ultra are they i read something about their drills being new even the rounds but i thought they are new ones were faceted and i like the gel nail polish and these ones look like gel nail polish smooth ones to me but anyways we will see 301 beautiful pink 761 here is our 1st a b a full bag of this bright orange 131 wow can not wait to see where that goes another pink 760 321 498 this is probably for the sun area 3853 beautiful lime green 666 red here is a pretty good sized bag of our 2nd ab which is a baby pink 128 here is a lighter yellow 744 a brown 300 a nice purple 3746 and a nice bright pink 3708 that is that strip and now we have the strip that goes down into 0 there is actually 3 strips let us do the small strip 1st 8 30 which is like olivey green 898 which is chocolate 341 that is like a almost like a periwinkle kind of purpley color 772 that is a line eager or not a lime mint here is 156 that is another purple and 33.25 which is a light blue now this is the last strip 37 12 333 purple 3814 which is a nice turquoisey color now this one is screaming orange orange 947 906 green 7.97 which is like a bluey purple 38.54 155 purple here is our i think this is our last ab right yeah 135 it is a nice limey green 741 33 38 42 which is a blue 740 orange 6.99 green 7.98 blue 340 purple 0 i lied this is the last a b this is 125 which is a very very very light it almost looks white but white a b is and diamond are clever 141 so this is an extremely light mint 38.65 white 992 which is kind of like a tealy green and 37.06 these colors are absolutely stunning so i am going to shove all that to the side and we are going to flip ray back over and we are going to figure out where all these abs go somewhat quickly because it should not be that hard so the symbols for the abs are one through 41 is the light minty color 2 is the light pink 3 is the orange and 4 is the yellow so i am going to start over here in the the sun the sun itself does not have any but the outlining of the sun is full of the baby pink which is the 2s so that is the baby pink over here and then like the sun rays or go all the way over here same thing most of this is the pinky b let us see what i find her hair has 3s which is the orange all throughout like streaks a lot of it is streaked with the orange jb so her hair is going to be amazing too i do not see 4s in her hair which would be the yellow so it is like she is blonde streaked with orange 0 no but i think he is going to be pretty there are and i am scrolling down her body here there is ones right here which is the minty green one i think that is just a different ray of the sun hitting behind her and there is another one over here but remember that color had the least amount there is also some white earth white i am calling it a white eb now but also some of that minty light mint ab in her necklace and there is a bunch of 4s which is the yellow they are found in these green areas wait maybe that is i got to find it again now because now i am remembering there was a green and it just looks yellow on our on the legend it looks yellow but it is greeny it is like a greeny yellow i guess so this is this is number 4 so it makes sense that it is in these areas with well that is actually not i thought it was seaweed or something but that is her tail it is in her tail so she is blinged out that does not mean you can not linger some more if you want to but i probably will not if i did though if i have blue abs i would probably bling her eye the eye that is sticking out but that is rey let me know what you think about ray i am pretty sure other people have probably unboxed her but i purposely did not watch because i wanted to see my own reaction to her and i will show you the other 2 that i got in different videos but if you like this video please give me a thumbs up and if you are new here and not yet subscribed and want to see more then please hit that subscribe button it does help out a lot and for all my regulars and i hope new people become regulars it does not take much with me but i love you all and i hope you have a great evening good night bye thank you thank you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QX74kHATNw0

hi so in this video i want to continue uh talking about the dippy helmet merkel protocol and in particular uh what i thought i would do is talk about um what we call a man in the middle attack or meet in the middle of a man in the middle attack actually because it's a sexist say man in the middle you can see a person in the middle attack but we'll talk about the uh how you can actually attack the tiffy helmet protocol into the almond merkle protocol with the the man in the middle attack mitm which is sometimes referred to as uh so again we're going to start off with our with our usual parties uh and uh start off with alice on one side and bob on the other now if you recall when i first talked about the diffie-hellman vertical i refer to this kind of in-between person as eve as somebody might be eavesdropping on the channel and trying to figure out maybe what alice and bob are communicating and and this uh what i'm going to talk about now is what happens if you have an adversary who is not only eavesdropping but can actually potentially modify the messages being sent back and forth between alice and bob could that person in turn uh try to compromise the security of that protocol and it turns out that if somebody can modify the traffic in between alice and bob actually a malicious uh insider who can actually modify traffic and we'll call that insider how about mallory so mallory will see mallory can modify traffic and then again um let's give mallory some some hair um and uh you know uh maybe look for some eyes and uh in this case we'll assume that mallory can actually has is actually modifying the content so she's actually actively involved so we'll give her some some hands to show that she's actually actively involved in doing bad things uh to the communication happening between alice and bob all right so what's going to happen how is how is malaria going to affect the communication between alice and bob well let's imagine that alice starts off and we're going to have the usual setup with tiffy helman where uh there's there's a generator g for a prime group p uh and and uh you know in p uh in this case you know we're interested in arithmetic mod uh the multiplicative group mod p so zp star uh and alice as usual picks a value and she's going to uh going to pick a value lowercase a from between 0 and p minus 1 and then she computes uppercase a which is just basically g to the lowercase a mod p okay and she sends this value she's trying to send his value to bob let's say she sends it this way now let's say mallory says aha i see that alice and bob are trying to communicate together and they want to have a they want to come up with a shared secret so what if and then we're going to assume that mallory is pretty powerful mallory in this case is going to be able to actually modify the content so mallory's is going to come up with the value and she's going to pick a little value m on her own okay and m is going again it's going to be from zero to p minus one okay and then she's going to compute let's say capital m which is equal to um g to the lower case m mod p okay she's going to set instead of sending a she's going to intercept a and replace it with m okay now bob i mean he doesn't he can't tell if it's a orm it just they both look like a random number to him he doesn't know what what the difference is he's gonna see this m he's gonna think oh this is this must be coming from alice okay and so bob is going to kind of do the protocol as he normally would he's going to compute his value which is going to be um lowercase b uh which goes from zero to p minus one and by the way if you this might be a good place to just pause the video see if you can figure out what the rest of the attack is on your own given this one inside if not um you know watch the rest of the video um and then bob's going to compute from this lowercase p is going to be uppercase b equal to g to the lowercase b mod p okay and he's gonna send b over okay and just actually maybe make the notation a bit easier to remember i'm going to actually have i'm going to kind of make a small change into my notation and instead of saying that mallory picked m i would imagine she picked m sub a lowercase m sub he said or uppercase m sub a she completed lowercase m sub a um and then computed uppercase m sub a from that and then sent uppercase m sub a to bob okay and then uh when she saw bob's message back to alice let's say she did the same thing she computed a lowercase m sub b from uh zero to p minus one and she computed uppercase m sub b okay from uh is g to the m sub b mod p and let's say she sent this m sub b to alice now what is alice going to compute well alice sees remember the way that alice works if she sees m sub b and she's going to compute she's not going to know that she's receiving mgb for all she knows she's getting a value b back from bob she has no idea that it's been modified by mallory and so alice will go ahead and she's going to compute simply compute um this value and you know she's going to take m to b raised to the 8th power she's going to compute m sub b to the a which in this case is basically equal and remember m sub b was g to the lowercase m sub b so g to the lowercase m sub b uh raised to the eighth power so we multiply the exponents g to the m to b times a mod p and that's her version of spirit secret okay and likewise what is bob's version going to be and again you can you can figure this out as well i'm going to pause and try to figure it out but if you want to see the spoiler well bob he computes basically he takes what he thinks of as a which he's really got an m sub a because mallory's interfered and he raises that to the b power okay and m sub a is basically g to the m sub a uh raised to the b power and so he's really getting you know g to the m sub a times b this is all done mod p so no no i won't write the mod p down i mean it's just because of convenience but you should always assume that it's there kind of implicitly and now let's think about what's happening here so alice has m sub b g to the m sub b times a and bob has g to the a m sub a times b now mallory can actually compute both of these things on her own why she can it turns out mallory can actually compute uh some things of her own so she knows m sub b and she knows m sub a she sees a from alice so let's look what happens when she computes um so let's think about what's going to happen here right so she's going to be able to take um the the m sub a that she gets or the value of the value of a that she gets from alice and what is that value a that's basically just g to the a that she got from alice and what if she raises that to the m sub b power she knows m to b because she came up with it right that's equal to g to the g to the a to the m's b or g to the m sub you can also write this as uh g to the m sub b times a mod p right so she actually mallory knows the same shared secret as alice she knows his value as well and similarly what you'll also notice is what else is malarina or she can also compute um she knows uh she gets b from bob and bob gamer g to the b mallory knows and lowercase m sub a because she picked it herself so she picks few the b times m sub a okay and so she knows this value mod p as well and uh let's start to notice that well she knows this value monkey which is the same thing is what bob computed so in fact what's really happened here is instead of alice and bob having a shared secret that nobody knows in reality alice has a secret with mallory and bob also has a secret mallory they might think alice and bob might think the secret that they know to each other but really mallory knows there's really two secrets here two truly secret values mallory knows them both neither bob nor alice knows that mallory knows him because mallory has interfered with the protocol so effectively what we've done here is is shown how somebody who can actively interfere with the protocol actually modifying the protocol messages and replacing them with their own can interfere with uh with diffie-hellman and so really dippy helmet or textbook diffie-hellman as people that you typically call it is only secure against passive eavesdroppers so in other words tiffy hellmann is secure against passive eavesdroppers these passive eavesdroppers people have been only listening to the conversation and not really um change anything but if somebody can change anything you do have somebody like a mallory who can actively interfere with the protocol then diffie helmets must be insecure versus an active adversary or an active uh people somebody being malicious is actually modifying messages so an active adversary um and i should make one clarification you know when you say tiffy helm is secure it doesn't mean that we actually have no proof it's unconditionally secure it's just that it's believed to be secure in fact there's always a possibility somebody will come up with an attack although it's unlikely at this stage but for the most part um you know when we talk about a cryptographic protocol being secure we almost always mean like something in basically one rare instance we almost always mean that the protocol is believed to be secure that the best known attack against it is still uh not quite one that's feasible and that's the case for tiffany helman the best known attacks on dp helmet are not quite feasible uh but that doesn't mean one such attack doesn't exist uh maybe that'll be a subject for a future video but i thought i think i'll stop here and hopefully you understand now why diffie-hellman requires or is only secure against a passive adversary and not necessarily secure against actually insecure rather against an active adversary thanks a lot and i will see you in the next video

hi so in this video i want to continue talking about the dippy helmet merkel protocol and in particular what i thought i would do is talk about what we call a man in the middle attack or meet in the middle of a man in the middle attack actually because it is a sexist say man in the middle you can see a person in the middle attack but we will talk about the how you can actually attack the tiffy helmet protocol into the almond merkle protocol with the the man in the middle attack mitm which is sometimes referred to as so again we are going to start off with our with our usual parties and start off with alice on one side and bob on the other now if you recall when i 1st talked about the diffie hellman vertical i refer to this kind of in between person as eve as somebody might be eavesdropping on the channel and trying to figure out maybe what alice and bob are communicating and and this what i am going to talk about now is what happens if you have an adversary who is not only eavesdropping but can actually potentially modify the messages being sent back and forth between alice and bob could that person in turn try to compromise the security of that protocol and it turns out that if somebody can modify the traffic in between alice and bob actually a malicious insider who can actually modify traffic and we will call that insider how about mallory so mallory will see mallory can modify traffic and then again let us give mallory some some hair and you know maybe look for some eyes and in this case we will assume that mallory can actually has is actually modifying the content so she is actually actively involved so we will give her some some hands to show that she is actually actively involved in doing bad things to the communication happening between alice and bob all right so what is going to happen how is how is malaria going to affect the communication between alice and bob well let us imagine that alice starts off and we are going to have the usual setup with tiffy helman where there is there is a generator g for a prime group p and and you know in p in this case you know we are interested in arithmetic mod the multiplicative group mod p so zp star and alice as usual picks a value and she is going to going to pick a value lowercase a from between 0 and p one and then she computes uppercase a which is just basically g to the lowercase a mod p okay and she sends this value she is trying to send his value to bob let us say she sends it this way now let us say mallory says aha i see that alice and bob are trying to communicate together and they want to have a they want to come up with a shared secret so what if and then we are going to assume that mallory is pretty powerful mallory in this case is going to be able to actually modify the content so mallory is is going to come up with the value and she is going to pick a little value m on her own okay and m is going again it is going to be from 0 to p one okay and then she is going to compute let us say capital m which is equal to g to the lower case m mod p okay she is going to set instead of sending a she is going to intercept a and replace it with m okay now bob i mean he does not he can not tell if it is a orm it just they both look like a random number to him he does not know what what the difference is he is going to see this m he is going to think 0 this is this must be coming from alice okay and so bob is going to kind of do the protocol as he normally would he is going to compute his value which is going to be lowercase b which goes from 0 to p one and by the way if you this might be a good place to just pause the video see if you can figure out what the rest of the attack is on your own given this one inside if not you know watch the rest of the video and then bob is going to compute from this lowercase p is going to be uppercase b equal to g to the lowercase b mod p okay and he is going to send b over okay and just actually maybe make the notation a bit easier to remember i am going to actually have i am going to kind of make a small change into my notation and instead of saying that mallory picked m i would imagine she picked m sub a lowercase m sub he said or uppercase m sub a she completed lowercase m sub a and then computed uppercase m sub a from that and then sent uppercase m sub a to bob okay and then when she saw bob is message back to alice let us say she did the same thing she computed a lowercase m sub b from 0 to p one and she computed uppercase m sub b okay from is g to the m sub b mod p and let us say she sent this m sub b to alice now what is alice going to compute well alice sees remember the way that alice works if she sees m sub b and she is going to compute she is not going to know that she is receiving mgb for all she knows she is getting a value b back from bob she has no idea that it has been modified by mallory and so alice will go ahead and she is going to compute simply compute this value and you know she is going to take m to b raised to the 8th power she is going to compute m sub b to the a which in this case is basically equal and remember m sub b was g to the lowercase m sub b so g to the lowercase m sub b raised to the 8th power so we multiply the exponents g to the m to b times a mod p and that is her version of spirit secret okay and likewise what is bob is version going to be and again you can you can figure this out as well i am going to pause and try to figure it out but if you want to see the spoiler well bob he computes basically he takes what he thinks of as a which he is really got an m sub a because mallory is interfered and he raises that to the b power okay and m sub a is basically g to the m sub a raised to the b power and so he is really getting you know g to the m sub a times b this is all done mod p so no no i will not write the mod p down i mean it is just because of convenience but you should always assume that it is there kind of implicitly and now let us think about what is happening here so alice has m sub b g to the m sub b times a and bob has g to the a m sub a times b now mallory can actually compute both of these things on her own why she can it turns out mallory can actually compute some things of her own so she knows m sub b and she knows m sub a she sees a from alice so let us look what happens when she computes so let us think about what is going to happen here right so she is going to be able to take the the m sub a that she gets or the value of the value of a that she gets from alice and what is that value a that is basically just g to the a that she got from alice and what if she raises that to the m sub b power she knows m to b because she came up with it right that is equal to g to the g to the a to the m is b or g to the m sub you can also write this as g to the m sub b times a mod p right so she actually mallory knows the same shared secret as alice she knows his value as well and similarly what you will also notice is what else is malarina or she can also compute she knows she gets b from bob and bob gamer g to the b mallory knows and lowercase m sub a because she picked it herself so she picks few the b times m sub a okay and so she knows this value mod p as well and let us start to notice that well she knows this value monkey which is the same thing is what bob computed so in fact what is really happened here is instead of alice and bob having a shared secret that nobody knows in reality alice has a secret with mallory and bob also has a secret mallory they might think alice and bob might think the secret that they know to each other but really mallory knows there is really 2 secrets here 2 truly secret values mallory knows them both neither bob nor alice knows that mallory knows him because mallory has interfered with the protocol so effectively what we have done here is is shown how somebody who can actively interfere with the protocol actually modifying the protocol messages and replacing them with their own can interfere with with diffie hellman and so really dippy helmet or textbook diffie hellman as people that you typically call it is only secure against passive eavesdroppers so in other words tiffy hellmann is secure against passive eavesdroppers these passive eavesdroppers people have been only listening to the conversation and not really change anything but if somebody can change anything you do have somebody like a mallory who can actively interfere with the protocol then diffie helmets must be insecure versus an active adversary or an active people somebody being malicious is actually modifying messages so an active adversary and i should make one clarification you know when you say tiffy helm is secure it does not mean that we actually have no proof it is unconditionally secure it is just that it is believed to be secure in fact there is always a possibility somebody will come up with an attack although it is unlikely at this stage but for the most part you know when we talk about a cryptographic protocol being secure we almost always mean like something in basically one rare instance we almost always mean that the protocol is believed to be secure that the best known attack against it is still not quite one that is feasible and that is the case for tiffany helman the best known attacks on dp helmet are not quite feasible but that does not mean one such attack does not exist maybe that will be a subject for a future video but i thought i think i will stop here and hopefully you understand now why diffie hellman requires or is only secure against a passive adversary and not necessarily secure against actually insecure rather against an active adversary thanks a lot and i will see you in the next video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXcTX0jDcnA

all right I don't particularly care about this sort of thing but you know what it's what YouTube's telling me to do so it why not why don't we I'm recording this at four o'clock in the morning on the day it's supposed to upload so bear with me cue the music hi to Gamers it's Jim and as per usual we're back on some Modern Warfare 2. now I want to give you guys a quick chronic support and the thing that I don't necessarily care about when it comes to YouTube verbal editor's note I know I'm slurring my words I'm tired get over it as well as a few things that are new and significant that I'd like to mention in terms of the game before we get into that I stream on YouTube here on Tuesdays Wednesdays and Thursdays from 9pm to whenever we're currently playing the Callisto protocol I actually just ended stream few minutes ago and it was a fun time when the optimization wasn't the bet but the quick progress report I have pretty much most of the ARs done I have the akm 74u the M16 and I have one long shot left on the AK-47 I refuse to call it the cast off then I've got to work on the OG the lockman the scar and the M4 I'm not worrying about the DLC weapons until after I have Orion and then after that we're gonna have the SMGs lmgs and then the handguns and then we're done with all the platinums also Ethan from infinite Warfare is in the store sadly he's only a gus skin but because I wish he was his own operator so he'd have his own dialogue we can only dream at least we got him in the game that's all that matters they acknowledge the existence of Ethan but sadly still no uh Cowboy Ghost Skin yeah honestly at the pace that I'm going with the camos I might have Orion by the same time I ended up getting Damascus back in 2020 January like late to mid-January yeah the thing that I don't necessarily care about that YouTube is telling me to do so from the last video the progress report with some updates says the average view duration is two minutes and 11 seconds so that's the uh length that this video is gonna be so yeah just appeasing the YouTube algorithm and most likely not gonna work I really don't give a but I thought it'd be funny to try since this video is kind of last minute with all that being said make sure to drink water eat steak eat a salad be healthy be root and be tootin and most importantly be kind you can also come in the streams on YouTube

all right i do not particularly care about this sort of thing but you know what it is what youtube is telling me to do so it why not why do not we i am recording this at 40 clock in the morning on the day it is supposed to upload so bear with me cue the music hi to gamers it is jim and as per usual we are back on some modern warfare 2 now i want to give you guys a quick chronic support and the thing that i do not necessarily care about when it comes to youtube verbal editor is note i know i am slurring my words i am tired get over it as well as a few things that are new and significant that i would like to mention in terms of the game before we get into that i stream on youtube here on tuesdays wednesdays and thursdays from 9 pm to whenever we are currently playing the callisto protocol i actually just ended stream few minutes ago and it was a fun time when the optimization was not the bet but the quick progress report i have pretty much most of the ars done i have the akm 74 u the m 16 and i have one long shot left on the ak 47 i refuse to call it the cast off then i have got to work on the og the lockman the scar and the m 4 i am not worrying about the dlc weapons until after i have orion and then after that we are going to have the smgs lmgs and then the handguns and then we are done with all the platinums also ethan from infinite warfare is in the store sadly he is only a gus skin but because i wish he was his own operator so he would have his own dialog we can only dream at least we got him in the game that is all that matters they acknowledge the existence of ethan but sadly still no cowboy ghost skin yeah honestly at the pace that i am going with the camos i might have orion by the same time i ended up getting damascus back in 2020 january like late to mid january yeah the thing that i do not necessarily care about that youtube is telling me to do so from the last video the progress report with some updates says the average view duration is 2 minutes and 11 seconds so that is the length that this video is going to be so yeah just appeasing the youtube algorithm and most likely not going to work i really do not give a but i thought it would be funny to try since this video is kind of last minute with all that being said make sure to drink water eat steak eat a salad be healthy be root and be tootin and most importantly be kind you can also come in the streams on youtube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDk9B35J7fo

hi everyone a meal of here and I was look at this beautiful pink I can't it's making me happy just looking at the tissue paper and the ribbons okay I was I participated in a swap in a Natasha scrapbook corners Facebook group which I will put a link to her group below and between her group and my group I have just been having a great time participating in swaps lately and this was for a wall hanging I do yes it was a law hanging and I had made the embroidery hoop that I shared for this swap so this is my incoming swap for my partner Nick Murphy which I'm so excited to swap with Edith it just does beautiful beautiful work so I'm just gonna pull over I'm one at a time and of course I'm gonna be saving this is like the perfect shade of pink tissue paper you guys know how I mean and there's pink ribbon by wrapping okay I want to make sure to say oh my goodness look at this okay oh okay I've actually never seen that before this is beautiful gold dangle that's gorgeous I love this time because it's on and look at this oh this is gorgeous this is actually one of my favorite laces did I order all the time from craft supplies for you yay I love this I love it love it love it absolutely beautiful thanks for sharing goodies eat it I'm so excited look at this bridal trim with the pearls oh my goodness and then these two absolutely beautiful excuse my nails and then this little like envelope it's a beautiful beautiful truth little pink bows super cute so let's see I love this little envelope eat it oh my gosh this is amazing oh these are beautiful look at those oh my goodness I love those so much let's see bags of bling oh my word okay that's beautiful look at this butterfly absolutely gorgeous these wings that make a heart that's going on and talk to the bottle oh my gosh look at this piece oh my gosh Edith yay thank you so much love those we've gotten oh my goodness look at this that is stunning I've never seen these before these are beautiful oh my goodness beautiful and I am in love with these roses on these beads okay thank you so much I love it I love it it's amazing amazing this is adorable living just crinkled edges super cute eat it I cannot this is beautiful I can't this is going on my tree this is gorgeous this is absolutely beautiful look at her oh my word just I mean just gorgeous Oh Edith I love it so much she's precious oh my goodness we set that up here I'm sorry after knees yeah oh my gosh you guys I am so sorry I've been having like never-ending cold or it's my allergies that what's going on but I apologize org the pink creakily ribbon I love that so much okay I will come here this looks like it's a garland oh my gosh okay wait how cute is this mini garland like under the sea theme with those tiny clothes pins and these little parts you clip-on oh super cute and then these absolutely gorgeous gorgeous I love those these are beautiful oh my goodness and then it looks like she made some flowers look handmade flowers are the best look how big this is eat if that's beautiful that is beautiful oh my gosh that is super cute love I think there's looks like two in here oh my gosh look at this I have no idea how to even attempt something like that wow that's beautiful eat it and then look at this one wow that is so cool I have no idea how to do that that is beautiful that is like it's beautiful they're beautiful you know thank you so much little the little bags are beautiful too alright now this is the wall hanging and look at this already you've got to be kidding me it's already so beautiful I hope I'll be able to fit it all I'm in love with the hanger gorgeous oh look at the fuzzies on here and these clips she's covered with that really pretty crocheted pink and bow oh it's already oh my it has this is beautiful Edith this is amazing I can store stuff in here she's made pockets this is beautiful right here oh my goodness look at this flower she's made you can't even see it but I'm gonna try to get it over there this is this is fantastic I love that see there's a bull with the tails right here oh my gosh this is stunning get this pink ribbon going through and look at this big pocket here oh my gosh you know I can't wait to use this there's another pocket right here nice dirty pockets this is gorgeous look at the little flowers on the edges I love this bottom piece this is amazing eat it oh my word and the back is finished beautifully oh I can't wait to have my craft room finished so that I can utilize this this is beautiful sorry about that but my dog loves to let me know when there's somebody pulling in the driveway so yes eat if everything is beautiful I love it what a fun fun swamp and there is a link to Natasha's group and to my group below and we both host swaps and they're just amazing so I thinks everybody for watching and I'll see you on the next one

hi everyone a meal of here and i was look at this beautiful pink i can not it is making me happy just looking at the tissue paper and the ribbons okay i was i participated in a swap in a natasha scrapbook corners facebook group which i will put a link to her group below and between her group and my group i have just been having a great time participating in swaps lately and this was for a wall hanging i do yes it was a law hanging and i had made the embroidery hoop that i shared for this swap so this is my incoming swap for my partner nick murphy which i am so excited to swap with edith it just does beautiful beautiful work so i am just going to pull over i am one at a time and of course i am going to be saving this is like the perfect shade of pink tissue paper you guys know how i mean and there is pink ribbon by wrapping okay i want to make sure to say 0 my goodness look at this okay 0 okay i have actually never seen that before this is beautiful gold dangle that is gorgeous i love this time because it is on and look at this 0 this is gorgeous this is actually one of my favorite laces did i order all the time from craft supplies for you yay i love this i love it love it love it absolutely beautiful thanks for sharing goodies eat it i am so excited look at this bridal trim with the pearls 0 my goodness and then these 2 absolutely beautiful excuse my nails and then this little like envelope it is a beautiful beautiful truth little pink bows super cute so let us see i love this little envelope eat it 0 my gosh this is amazing 0 these are beautiful look at those 0 my goodness i love those so much let us see bags of bling 0 my word okay that is beautiful look at this butterfly absolutely gorgeous these wings that make a heart that is going on and talk to the bottle 0 my gosh look at this piece 0 my gosh edith yay thank you so much love those we have gotten 0 my goodness look at this that is stunning i have never seen these before these are beautiful 0 my goodness beautiful and i am in love with these roses on these beads okay thank you so much i love it i love it it is amazing amazing this is adorable living just crinkled edges super cute eat it i cannot this is beautiful i can not this is going on my tree this is gorgeous this is absolutely beautiful look at her 0 my word just i mean just gorgeous 0 edith i love it so much she is precious 0 my goodness we set that up here i am sorry after knees yeah 0 my gosh you guys i am so sorry i have been having like never ending cold or it is my allergies that what is going on but i apologize org the pink creakily ribbon i love that so much okay i will come here this looks like it is a garland 0 my gosh okay wait how cute is this mini garland like under the sea theme with those tiny clothes pins and these little parts you clip on 0 super cute and then these absolutely gorgeous gorgeous i love those these are beautiful 0 my goodness and then it looks like she made some flowers look handmade flowers are the best look how big this is eat if that is beautiful that is beautiful 0 my gosh that is super cute love i think there is looks like 2 in here 0 my gosh look at this i have no idea how to even attempt something like that wow that is beautiful eat it and then look at this one wow that is so cool i have no idea how to do that that is beautiful that is like it is beautiful they are beautiful you know thank you so much little the little bags are beautiful too alright now this is the wall hanging and look at this already you have got to be kidding me it is already so beautiful i hope i will be able to fit it all i am in love with the hanger gorgeous 0 look at the fuzzies on here and these clips she is covered with that really pretty crocheted pink and bow 0 it is already 0 my it has this is beautiful edith this is amazing i can store stuff in here she is made pockets this is beautiful right here 0 my goodness look at this flower she is made you can not even see it but i am going to try to get it over there this is this is fantastic i love that see there is a bull with the tails right here 0 my gosh this is stunning get this pink ribbon going through and look at this big pocket here 0 my gosh you know i can not wait to use this there is another pocket right here nice dirty pockets this is gorgeous look at the little flowers on the edges i love this bottom piece this is amazing eat it 0 my word and the back is finished beautifully 0 i can not wait to have my craft room finished so that i can utilize this this is beautiful sorry about that but my dog loves to let me know when there is somebody pulling in the driveway so yes eat if everything is beautiful i love it what a fun fun swamp and there is a link to natasha is group and to my group below and we both host swaps and they are just amazing so i thinks everybody for watching and i will see you on the next one

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODRw0XKHBqM

I cannot stand up with flory's animations his little Bill video is just sick he likes child abuse and you know what I think with flory's animation should get a Barney error whoopsie are you saying you want to give up with Flora's animations of Barney error yes his little Bill video is just sick let's give him a Barney error to teach him a lesson great idea Wubbzy this is going to be fun giving up with Flores animations a Barney error Barney the dinosaur will mess with odd with Flores animations and take us to a bio flurries animations house okay we are now at Abu with flory's animations bedroom let's put a bar in the air on his computer that should be good enough now let's hide somewhere so abut flory's animations doesn't find us time for me to return to GoAnimate what my computer got a blue screen of death I wonder what this will lead to I hope it's not some ethnic bad like a Barney error we interrupt your Windows 10 session for a Barney error oh no I got a Barney error Barney was killed by Eric he notes ericina Oates placed a bomb in Barney's lair the bomb will explode in 148 hours this is an important message repeat this is an important message shut up I can do whatever I want oh my God I can't believe it worked no no no no no it didn't work I see that you have turned off your Windows 10 the countdown will break in half the next time you do it hey I know what to do I will try to block the Windows 10 instead of turning it off oh my God I can't believe it actually worked [Music] oh are you serious the countdown will break in half this time don't touch the timer foreign block me again another time reduction has occurred leave it alone my life performed my theme song you better listen [ __ ] no I hate you and I hate your theme song take that you stupid purple T-Rex when did I tell you to punch me that's it I will split the timer to two minutes and that's final seriously you need to leave the timer alone really that was the first second of the remaining two minutes take that you son of a gun this is the fifth time you've turned off your computer leave it alone right now if something scary comes up I will be so Furious oh my God I can't believe you turned it off again now you have to enter in the cold within 10 seconds this won't be so hard I hope to God that code is right oh no no no no no no no no I'm sorry that code was incorrect the correct code is for 8 15 16 23 42 if you had entered that you would have been safe and continued your Windows 10 session but no sir you are grounded grounded grounded for 50 million years now I'll scare you that's it that's just a freaking black screen that jump scare was very very loud that it almost made my eardrums bleed so hard let's see what happened to my computer [Music] my computer is now destroyed all of my GoAnimate work is all gone and erased cursive Barney curse you [Applause] and you deserve it for being a child molester Alex absolutely hate pedophiles and we don't tolerate pedophilia and Alex's GoAnimate Universe you could get a community guideline strike for supporting pedophila we hope the barnier teaches you a lesson on not to be perverted bastard we are leaving right now enjoy being computerless you sick go animator you make us sick to our stomachs hand take us back home Flora's animations shut up about your computer being destroyed by Bernie you deserve to have your computer broken for supporting pedophilia deal with it scumbag so wubsy and Daisy how was your day today we gave a beauty flurries animation a Barney error for supporting pedophilia because of his recent Little Bill Gets Grounded episode having that oh my God what was up with Flora's animation thinking when he did The Little Bill Gets Grounded episode but anyways we are so proud of you for giving a boy Flora's animation for being a feta Feliz supporter we absolutely hate Patos a lot as an award we are taking both of you to Transformers rise of the beasts at GoAnimate theaters this weekend

i cannot stand up with flory is animations his little bill video is just sick he likes child abuse and you know what i think with flory is animation should get a barney error whoopsie are you saying you want to give up with flora is animations of barney error yes his little bill video is just sick let us give him a barney error to teach him a lesson great idea wubbzy this is going to be fun giving up with flores animations a barney error barney the dinosaur will mess with odd with flores animations and take us to a bio flurries animations house okay we are now at abu with flory is animations bedroom let us put a bar in the air on his computer that should be good enough now let us hide somewhere so abut flory is animations does not find us time for me to return to goanimate what my computer got a blue screen of death i wonder what this will lead to i hope it is not some ethnic bad like a barney error we interrupt your windows 10 session for a barney error 0 no i got a barney error barney was killed by eric he notes ericina oates placed a bomb in barney is lair the bomb will explode in 148 hours this is an important message repeat this is an important message shut up i can do whatever i want 0 my god i can not believe it worked no no no no no it did not work i see that you have turned off your windows 10 the countdown will break in half the next time you do it hey i know what to do i will try to block the windows 10 instead of turning it off 0 my god i can not believe it actually worked 0 are you serious the countdown will break in half this time do not touch the timer foreign block me again another time reduction has occurred leave it alone my life performed my theme song you better listen no i hate you and i hate your theme song take that you stupid purple t rex when did i tell you to punch me that is it i will split the timer to 2 minutes and that is final seriously you need to leave the timer alone really that was the 1st 2nd of the remaining 2 minutes take that you son of a gun this is the 5th time you have turned off your computer leave it alone right now if something scary comes up i will be so furious 0 my god i can not believe you turned it off again now you have to enter in the cold within 10 seconds this will not be so hard i hope to god that code is right 0 no no no no no no no no i am sorry that code was incorrect the correct code is for 8 15 16 23 42 if you had entered that you would have been safe and continued your windows 10 session but no sir you are grounded grounded grounded for 50000000 years now i will scare you that is it that is just a freaking black screen that jump scare was very very loud that it almost made my eardrums bleed so hard let us see what happened to my computer my computer is now destroyed all of my goanimate work is all gone and erased cursive barney curse you and you deserve it for being a child molester alex absolutely hate pedophiles and we do not tolerate pedophilia and alex is goanimate universe you could get a community guideline strike for supporting pedophila we hope the barnier teaches you a lesson on not to be perverted bastard we are leaving right now enjoy being computerless you sick go animator you make us sick to our stomachs hand take us back home flora is animations shut up about your computer being destroyed by bernie you deserve to have your computer broken for supporting pedophilia deal with it scumbag so wubsy and daisy how was your day today we gave a beauty flurries animation a barney error for supporting pedophilia because of his recent little bill gets grounded episode having that 0 my god what was up with flora is animation thinking when he did the little bill gets grounded episode but anyways we are so proud of you for giving a boy flora is animation for being a feta feliz supporter we absolutely hate patos a lot as an award we are taking both of you to transformers rise of the beasts at goanimate theaters this weekend

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UkeOuCEmh8

[Music] you saw all right welcome back to the matrix podcast thank you for having me you brought me some dope-ass sleepers man this is cool yeah man I cut this one out a buddy of Mines gave me like a bunch of old stickers so overlap them yeah it's all right here mix all it looks all legit though has a little flat to peel it off yeah this was also stencil I try to figure out like maybe like you know English letters yeah no I know exactly what you mean trust me I think I did this one like three different times before actually laid it down yeah I always go down with like like a simple sketch and that's just like trying to go back and just try to like do like the main parts that I'm gonna cut out try to do with the markers and go back and just clean it up and then just like putting it oh yeah yeah it's a Japanese I mean it is but it's from Japan yeah I didn't even sketch it out with pencil my friend was a he was giving me [ __ ] cuz I did drive with pencil he's they should've laid it down with the reference like give yourself like a actual like yeah like guidelines on how to like draw it like I'm just free just go all depend honestly both ways are fine I like this I would do it like this just because like for me it's like it's like a sketch you know and then as long as you lay down the foundation like you're going with heavy shading oh yes no one's gonna notice yeah because you sketched it so all the sketch lines you can make it disappear with that oh yeah kind of a challenge you know at the same time like all it trying to figure out the puzzle when the next time that ever comes up you know I know that's the same thing like I like let me show you have a I'll doing some pen stuff and I put them into our put them in here like these ones and then there's one in the back just not this one and the one the ones on the same page to the two on the same page or not come on yesterday yeah I mean I mean I don't think it's bad or you know for doing them all in one day but at the same time when I know I could have taken a little bit a little bit longer Oh see you like stuff like stuff like I mean I love I love doing stuff like this I always like rather like just sketchy oh you can build stuff actual sketch like you did here I don't know it reminds me of that yeah I'll check him out man what does my more you did this oh yeah there was a reference frame what it was you ever try doing stay away DPG drawing I have I have but like just doesn't come out I just I mean I've done in there just I'm just like I completely suck it depends to my memory all but it depends to like I guess like how you position yourself why you turn the job cuz if you're drawing like this then like up here is gonna be a little longer and then here is gonna be like smushed in you know then your drawing you can show us like Oh super long and then when you draw like whatever you're working on yourself so twice a week so if you go outside of that it's like say 10 bucks 10 bucks per session if you go anywhere else with other artists 5 bucks but she's providing that with the school you do that twice a week for the duration of the class which is 3 months you're gonna [ __ ] pick up [ __ ] even if you actually ask someone yeah I know I've seen I've seen videos of people like doing stuff with charcoal very lightly like I follow some he teaches somewhere and he always does time lapses of him using charcoal like he doesn't he never it's only his clipboard that it shows or his pay whatever he is working on you can never see the model and then he just like he just goes in I've said it's crazy he's goes in the bones I mean I know yeah yeah ready that's this just that things just a lot of a lot of practice a lot of practice that's all it is like they've been doing it so consistent that it looks just so wild to us and we're just trying to like catch up to that level I think anytime we hear noise automatically were just like no you're good honestly like when it comes to like people are like oh yeah you don't need to come we're only working on this need to bring this type of material or like stuff like they're like there's art there's like this art show something like for these type art is really you know or like people are just like oh yeah this is for the artists just some [ __ ] like that oh my man oh my god I don't think anybody should be like how do I explain it like yeah like excluded or like you know they hate it on just because like they're not like at a certain skill level than other people yeah you know like yeah I think every I think everybody like never did enough the bats start off like dropping freaky like you know freaking these super detailed work you know everybody just built off of that and I just like I don't think is right like people are like trying to hate on someone or make fun of people that are like just still oh so learning on the way it's like alright dude you like it's fine like you you probably have somebody that like that touch you when you were younger like earlier age you know there are other people and then like more props to you you know yeah that's good and there's other people that never got taught by anybody and they're just learning on them by themselves and then you're still kicking ass people tend to exclude people who are you know what techniques to use to hate I'm learning but people tend to not one really pay attention which is like it's always been weird to me because I always felt like I've been on the level where it's like you know it took me forever to try to get the courage to Selma's to make my art in South you know make you said you might have followed me a long time ago and I used to draw Turtles and I mean I still draw them but that so that's what I would love doing I would do stickers I would make stickers and stuff like that so I would trade I would just think that's how I got introduced each unit is the sticker trade you know you would draw stickers and then you would avail not two people and it was just so cool this dealt with other artists you know I think they would send you stickers I have this big fat sticker book you know and that's how I started and that's how I got a little more courage to like do a little more with my art it felt good to communicate with other artists you know I don't feel like I'm at that point I feel like I'm still with everybody else I'm still trying to figure everything out you know so it's like you can't forget in the [ __ ] scene race as you you know like they're in the same recess usually if you can help someone out save time like just [ __ ] a little bit advice why not it could change the entire world for this person just you're right yeah I mean you don't have to give it if you see someone struggling don't lend a hand I mean you're making a podcast ideas as you're trying to talk them out you're kind of working your own ideas and then you have out the more you repeat them the more you cement them in your head like you know how to explain to someone what you're trying to say sometimes I can't figure stuff out explain what I'm trying to say yeah but if I'm doing it more I feel like so I think artists need Batman back compounded with your art your gone man your art change can do good can do good damn I think everybody would have been beasting everybody who try to follow him would have been what makes this human so people do podcast they can do that you could always go back and just like listen to what you're saying you fell whatever you do and like just yeah or be like oh man I'm super happy this day and then like you go back and look at what you were working on or whatever you're just like well printer so much from that day no no it's not super funny story but I remember when one of my friends she was being shooting like a popsicle stick or some type of candy a gram and she was like messing around like showing your mouth and I was just like eh I forget I think I put like a even put like laughing emojis or I put like she was like being like just cannot be nasty about and then she sent me a picture and then she's like lick my tongue is blue or purple for guys yeah my same day and I just sketched yeah yeah I feel like I feel like when it comes to like when I'm doing stuff with pen and pen like straight off like pen it tells me just to keep going even though I messed up and be like right look next time in the future now you know like how to like do a certain line in a certain way you know when you're sketching something we're like now you know like start off the sketch this way now you know like oh you went to small you went to big and then I feel like that started with this this one like when I said I kinda just cut the head first just to get the shape bigger it just are this whole area first and I was like if I go down and try to like do the hands I'm end up messing up cuz I would try to go back and I might smear it so that's that started in this part first and I'm gonna try to go back and try to start from this end and then the other hand I was what I watch a lot of like tattoo videos and like people I know well what a good friend of Mines really close to your tattoos he's always giving me tips on stuff in the future like if I can and if if I'm able to just like put everything I got into into that and just keep on going like yeah that would be a good thing one of my one of my many goals they they say 400 waited like you like to get accustomed to the weight they have in the machine oh yeah yeah yeah yeah I know exactly which I talked about just yes just yesterday I was trying to I was trying to my first time using machines and I was trying to put one into my pen just again and then a [ __ ] do I mean I mean they're good man I'm not gonna lie oh and just based on what I team I see like they're very defensive even if a customer goes without telling the original the original first person either so just be like yeah yeah so I don't know it that's just what I think I mean it makes sense in a way but it it kind of like um like I don't think you should get too into your feelings when it comes to like stuff like that because let lets say you have you have a you have clientele for like a person that like a like they buy that off and they're like okay give me like three more there's like kind of like the same way but you don't have to do them right away or whatever but off the bat they're like oh yeah we gave you a deposit so you like give me these three paintings right and you're like boom knock one out they give you more money because you're not going out going on for the rest of the year whatever you know they don't pay you all in in a few months later on they go and like get the same thing same three paintings like the same kind of like similar stuff from someone else oh yeah you're gonna be like oh [ __ ] like that could have been my money no you know what I mean and you're just like ah then like you said they just brush it off like whatever it's cool yeah I know exactly what you mean way like though I always try to like think of all the perspectives yeah it's like all right that's like you kind of like see how they are - you are this kind of person you are okay okay or like I will just let you know and I don't think you should let that like bring you down you should be all right if I lost one person later on you're gonna meet two more people that are gonna want your stuff or five more people ten more people you know you can't just like I don't think you should just like focus on be like oh this person is leaving cuz I mean there's not like they're going out they're going to get work from someone else let them go like you [ __ ] probably find somebody else to pay you more for the [ __ ] you do no definitely not where I'm doing a painting for someone and decide to get a painting from someone else like it's not it's that person making decision and not yeah yeah come on Eagles two men see tattoo various tattoo shops I mean they're just everybody's just people just people do like I mean you like your co-workers at work you know you guys all work for the same little company group whatever and it's just like not everybody gets along like same thing with a tattoo shop you guys are all working for the same shop not everybody gets the opinion I like what you're doing explain yourself big time yeah I would want a new feature that will be something I want to get to he's just an employee here you know you're not really from being from being around a few shops like I you see it I noticed also also too like before we leave that topic I wanted to video so just like you got shaky hands like this is good for your oh yeah my also think see my giant talk about that he's like because i've seen the ones he thought when he hands on the Sharpie markers or pens that he's using they're like freaking and he says so his fingers one they want um stiffen up because if we're holding the pen you're right here right yeah and then we have this like wrapped around that you're more up here it has more relaxed because it's more open that's what he talked about oh man this past freaking I think I've put in more work and I can try to draw and create more in these past like two years then in my whole [Laughter] know that now that I've gotten older um yeah just been I've just been trying to draw more often you know just kind of like trying to get out of my head and put everything like everything that I think about so often just put it to the side and just try to focus on creating something good all right all right let me I'll break down like a simple like a like a weekend like Saturday morning Saturday morning so let's say I'll try to get it I try to get like around 8:00 depending upon that up [ __ ] Friday night Dorian after work I try to get up a little bit early what makes me I made coffee and um I'll figure out what I'm either from we're gonna be working on the same cell breaking lesson the night before but uh I always [ __ ] like blank sheet of paper and I'll just start like just either dry like letters or trying to sketch out something just to get like I don't know just like a warm-up just to get all the little like I don't know just to get that [ __ ] out of my system yeah just a little yeah just do some mm-hmm anything like just it doesn't even have to be good I'll just freakin draw anything all right cool and then I'll just start setting up whatever I need like if I'm he's like Terkel or if I'm just gonna use like paint like paint markers or whatever yeah I said myself I said up everything sometimes I get distracted and I'll be like oh look I have a sticker for my friend and I'll put it in my but I'll try to like find my book and I'll be like I like all right cool and I'll do that and then I'll like what and then I forget that I have that has made coffee and I'm like oh the coffee so they're right you know just so I'm just like kind of like all over the place in the morning and then when I've served myself the coffee this one that's when I sit down and I'm just like all right cool like I'm gonna work on this pen drying all right let me connect my phone I'll try to find it on my phone or from using a piece of paper and I'll just sit down just try to get comfortable and you start drawing I turn that are like char like in front of the TV I try that like watch youtube videos always I play music on my phone and just absolutely wireless headphones I put on that's it my dad my dad will become me because I'm ready like I'm ready like kind of like you know definitely coffee music music just um I guess like a quiet place I don't know I don't know just like sit down just to be comfortable oh yeah yeah yeah I have a big-ass freaking I don't even know that you think that science it's pretty big and then I just put that one that one cause it's like it's when I put it on the little diesel it's it's like it it's like like this much off the table so I always sit up music damn I go from listening to like do a listen to a bunch of [ __ ] I will I will I will listening to like I listen to reggae ska punk hardcore freaking trip-hop underground hip-hop jazz blues like recently recently I just like like I guess people call like like this tremendous mixed with like jazz I think they call it low fine now Yas what I've been noticing they call it low five I don't even know I don't even know that that's on you I thought it was just like oh that's jazz and hip-hop that's trip-hop that's what I would like reference it mhm man yeah that's when I go to usually um you see is like underground hip hop instrumentals - a lot of instrumentals and yeah dude I just they pay about feeling - like you're so this all going like in the backyard or whatever if I'm working out with spray paint same thing I'll put my headphones on have a cup of coffee I tell you because I mean like for me there's like correlation between and then out to the new music you're still experiencing I can't have I can't have music on the speakers I can't do that it has to be yeah and if in if like and if I'm not like my headphones die I'll try to play it on my phone and then and it's like I won't last as long join or painting or whatever I'm doing when I have my headphones on listening to like I'm speaker you got the same put yourself with a little world same thing like when I'm listening to a certain song and I realized like I've loaned out listening to the song do that to that song like let's say from right now if I'm drawing and I'm listening to I don't know man listening to like a hardcore song you know and I'm freaky and drawing and I and I realized in that moment after like that song ends and I kind of like it kind of like just like snaps back to reality I'm just like oh damn like I've managed to like do so much with that song I do yeah yeah yeah and I'll just keep on playing it over and over and over sometimes sometimes it's like I'll listen I'll be listening to like um receive a mom her name is a petty petty where's the name something to eat my friend I'll try to remember Peggy Lee Peggy she uh she sings for Josh she's a jazz singer okay I'll be playing her music sometimes too yeah and she likes a song her songs like fever pretty popular not like I'll have that song playing it's been a few times and I'm having fun playing in the background or something that my headphones and I'm like all right but it's uh oh you know puts me the freakin bleep almost deaf I'm not like it's not it's not me being like you know that the name is just funny but that'd be the way it starts and then her name is I think thing is Polly Aretha re Aretha the girl who sings in that song from that sample that's your name you can find the original on YouTube it's like a listen to hip-hop to like see blurred out about your own your multi your more yeah your multi yeah if you want you you can look at my plate let's do it and you [ __ ] you can write all that [ __ ] down and then and you could write up before I before I leave you know I mean if you got in the creative zone I want to see what this song does for me am I gonna get create in the creative zone like you know and I'm always just I'm not a big fan of country my dad likes country I trip out he'll be like we'll be driving it and then like he'll want to play that I'm you know I'm not a big fan but okay we'll play it for right now but uh it'll be like um I was gonna say something I completely blanked out I was gonna tell you something about a song yeah I actually got those a screen-printed yeah order are those yeah I always always see that when people create like stuff like that like homemade yeah because there's something about scream oh there we go you tell more like different music just just a thing goes on Thursday I'm watching this I was watching this video and then they have a song playing create I love love Tyra knows that Norte goes crazy yeah yeah that was I mean I think it's really popular and I was just like I was just listening to that the other day you know I was just like all right you enjoy yeah yeah you're right now because of Charlie Norwood maybe a month or two and that's it's not every year it's like every other year or something I don't know what makes me get into that type of music sometimes but when it happens like digging it you know and then I stop digging it music so weird how how people's play this just just last night um my homie at the two shot at the tattoo shop he works at and um I guess the owner was tattooing and I don't know if he told he told his daughter to bump some music to bum Maria or he just or he just said I'll play something and I was at the end at the end I don't even know I don't know I didn't know it was her that she was actually typing up the music to search out she wasn't playing nothing but like West Coast like gangster rap and I knew majority of the song you know it's just it just I haven't I haven't heard some of those songs in a while because I haven't bumped them and I was just tripping out because later on I see her when she walks up to the computer and she's type something up and her dad told her oh yeah look of this artist and play this playlist you know like cleaned up see bone thugs-n-harmony Ice Cube all that and I was just like wow I was like damn I'm gonna start gay yeah I remember listening to middle school man that was in 2007 around the time music changed I guess I two months yeah like some heavy bad chair and then that changed back to hip-hop I mean hip-hop is always like us step like I always come back to well I think it went to underground hip hop before rock you know and then it came back to underground hip hop and just branched out and telling I was just listening like Japanese well this was like a while ago I was like Japanese hip hop and then they had some dope songs but I just don't know I couldn't read it and not I don't know what it says so I couldn't look it up it's a platelets it's not like top ten or like or Moore's most um most popular hit like Japanese hip hop songs there's something like or some type of like playlist and I'm trying to like I know what song it is I was free shot at it just to know but I'm just like I don't know who to tell I don't know how to translate like I don't even know if I were to find the letters you know translator yeah you said anime you like enemy I'm not how can I say I'm not like super like yeah super big on it but I like it I like it like you know there's some people that are just like crazed then they go to like I don't know they they're like they know like all the enemies that come out and then so they stick on listicles to the new ones there they go Anime Expo know that see you like I don't I don't do I don't really do all that but I like I like some of it I liked animations I like the style I like the music because I was into don't have the time to sit down they are translated you know [Music] when you find out what happens and where the stories like I've seen uh I know you ever heard of Full Metal Alchemist oh you watch both um Brotherhood and just uh I mean I like both of the animations man they're both sick I like I like the style how they created I like the music that they play in between yeah I can't say it's her I think I think I think brother brother I like Brotherhood like but uh I think I like Brotherhood more for the storyline but I mean I my friend told me about it he was just like you're hurtful my documents and I was like dude like I never cared about anime or whatever like and this was like in mind like junior senior year in high school and I was like all right man I'll just take a look at it and I watched for sure the storyline you know it's weird now since since you've watched it literally I was talking and I was watching in Brotherhood you know when the teachers oh yeah so they're starving because they can't kill a little rabbit oh yeah yeah the other boys are kind of like so weird about it yes Edward just ours and he's thinking about life and he's like thinking about being an alchemist or whatever and he's like alchemists are have to understand like the circle life or understand like life in order to break it down and we build it you know I was like okay cool and you know he's he ate a couple bugs we have to consume energy to be able to survive yeah yeah I remember that artist because we need to understand how to visually see something and break it down to rebuild it in in our you know medium so I was like oh [ __ ] like there's like a correlation between these fake life lesson analyze what they're looking at break it down to its simplest forms to build it up and then we find it to match what you wanted to match you know and you can adjust it how you want and recreate it but pretty much artists do what Alchemist do but on like paper and medium that's crazy you know that you can make certain like connections and different things with even just life and like your stuff enemy unless the morale is like in your face there's little lessons at the end I try to teach you these little things they try to teach you you know and that leads me to a series that I'm trying to start which is why I'm doing those those studies of like oh yeah yeah I think I think you take a picture I remember seeing it where it's like paintings old style paintings you know mm-hmm but I want to recreate anime scenes in that style so we create these characters but looking them like those old-school paintings so when I do those it's because I learned a bunch of lessons to watching animated you know dumb lessons but if my little head it was like it stayed in there you know it was like three people how you wanna be really makes you feel certain things that you know especially Anna because anime tends to be a little crazier topics you know they're not afraid to talk about like real [ __ ] topics in these cartoons you know so it seems like a little more adult age that Utah usually mention either like adults topics the ever macho cowboy bebop those are there they have some really like freaking mature talk like I don't wanna say mature but it's like real like strong topics yeah and animes old man that's wrong like we're like 96 well not super oh I think in 96 yeah yeah it's like 96 I think or 93 I'm not sure you correct me in the connected in the comments [Laughter] [Music] it seems cheesy but the more it's like it's good karma good karma that's all it is like you know you freaking put out a lot of goodness you get back what you gotta think about it to those people are creative they're ready they're old well the other I think they're older than us or about maybe I don't know around the same age to introduce these topics there's some cartoons with an addicting like you can see where they think kids aren't smart enough to know older [ __ ] you know and it's like you don't have to coddle your kids you don't have to protect them from these topics you can talk about these it's to them in ways that they will understand you know or do cartoons that they will understand and it definitely helped them think about this stuff at an earlier age this way when they become older they can understand it thought about it for so long yeah and some of them are crazy oh yeah there's some of yeah I know there's some that are like a little just like to excessive on the violence and I'm just like and like I think every time when I see like I'm like damn they got into so much detail just to be able to like blast that dudes head off I was like that's [ __ ] how much I think about like oh no like do someone like a character watch Fisher like I still remember the scene one [ __ ] they first saw their [ __ ] dude like they're they're young I think they're like one's 11 and then was nine there's something like that my bad I haven't haven't watched it in a good while the one that I really watched recently was Cowboy Bebop and but that was already like a few months ago but I have seen it but I know I've seen the cover and stuff it's just like a crazy story well one thing I thought I seen was kind of crazy was called a thing up it was called elfin lead I lied yeah so I like this girl she's like I guess she's create and she's creating a side of facility mm-hmm but I guess she was created just to I'm only watched like only one or two episodes to be honest and I she has like some like a like something spirit like a spirit always kind of like taking care of her oh but it's but it's like that's like it's like a little girl she does another stun just understand a lot about life whatever cuz she's been the facility yeah that's what she was she was creative I think or I don't even know man I figured figure out but the free the amount of [ __ ] blood and that thing I was just like wow it's just like the only reason where I stopped watching it cuz I think I didn't like the storyline her just like I just didn't like that way that they did that animation i whatever you know do you ever watch it was the first home first move my favorite one like this kid was like kind of like was just like he knew what was up with the world or whatever like he wasn't like to see reality of it every joke off the building and he ends up like you I know exactly where you are my dude nobody ever talks about that that's that's crazy you like you you're like actually the first person who brought it up ever you didn't when it goes too fast and tells you how humanity discriminated against robots the humanoid robot and the animation with the little kids oh yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah but like from that they like they do something and they start bleeding don't think one of us are speedy I remember that but that seemed in the way they animated man it's like it was so like fluid like you could see the way they made it [ __ ] stays in my hand man and there's other animations they I don't know if you use the same artist or they're inspired by that artist but they've done my fight scenes oh yeah I never watched it people always tell me to watch it they tell me to watch no yeah I do I know exactly where your time bar it's like it's really like it's it's just like a [ __ ] beautiful [ __ ] masterpiece yes it's it's nice see the whole thing they wouldn't speed it up for you yeah I know I know exactly I mean and it like I said it's crazy because like nobody nobody ever mentions it nobody never never nobody mentioned never mentions that freaky and anime and I loved I loved all of them I loved all of those freaking the little short stories in the first one was my favorite one like that kid it was just like he knew that he knew something was up like he's he's literally sitting in this classroom and he's just like kind of like just like this is not this is not it this is not life you know this is that I was like something clicks in his head just saying like he just this is not this is not me this is not supposed to live like this freaking jumps off the building is like world and I was like wow I was like wow and um I think I think he was the one that they call Mouse in the yeah right is it yeah I think I think that yeah I think that was him yeah did a freaking I'm [ __ ] I remember when I had the money so I can watch some of the second probably watch it now so I was younger man like younger thinnest Minho's I'll sit down and watch a movie that I've watched that's how I thought about how Fight Club yes I remember watching fight cup like two or three times when I was little and it would come out on the TV and I just didn't not care I just said yeah and then it wasn't so it wasn't until we were at my friend's garage and I think he was just like or I don't know if it was not like if I was it was like a youtube recommendation but this was like a really like a few years ago and a clip came out or we're watching fyke up somewhere and I remember the first time I actually said that I watched and he's just like boom we have reached a cabin fever what did you say and I was just like like wha and when I when I when that part happened I was just I have to watch this movie at least three or four times like yes yes I don't know if you noticed but in that movie there's a part where freakin Brad Pitt just like pops out in like different parts of the film I don't know if you noticed it it says a it says it enough I think it's a I don't know fit he pops out like one time and in the mean I think I don't want to spoil it for you maybe good oh yeah he pops out he pops out in like four different parts but then before before it said that he has another split but the guy has a split personality yeah so it's kind of like it you know how he talks about splitting no no no no no no it's not that it's more like you know how they how he said he's talking about spicing films at the oh yeah it's more like if like he like if he spiced a film and put himself in the movie it's it's it's it's kind of its kind of crazy like I don't I don't know if I'm like if I sound okay explaining it but like you're watching the movie and it's like you just see little like images that's it like in between in like four different parts you can actually see it we pay attention because I say like we mean you and talking in the scene you know pop [Laughter] yeah I start off I watch Fight Club it makes me want to [ __ ] you like certainly creating my own [ __ ] : but but it's like it's not it's not like an opponent [ __ ] just like that we [ __ ] sick you know have like a group with people helping me how to like make a garden or something you know make sure like that Strube it's trivial just like being particle gets can get to that point yeah man exactly you just being accepted yeah whatever you know and the fact that it was secretive at the end like here or during part of the movie his one of his like some guy he met and uh so I got I don't even know that say like alcoholic anonymous or like those like yeah yeah yeah yeah he one of his friends dies and everybody is just like everybody just kind of like oh we're getting put him in the backyard and he's just like snaps out of it he's just like no this is my friend you know like he died for a cause he's tied for a Project Mayhem or whatever and here was just like what the [ __ ] well I was going to tell you a Lucy man Lucy no no yes yes yeah yeah you have to watch that one man it's like um same thing you know you said the guy takes a pillow need like because I yeah but except like she's supposed to be like I don't know spoiler but she like how I saw some like traffic drugs but they like they kidnap her so she could do it and at the end like she's like yeah yeah and it's like um it's just it's just pretty much the storyline it's just like well what could we what will you be able to do if you're like your mind your buddies on a percent of your brain that's what it is yeah I'm gonna check it out I've ever heard I haven't heard but it's been so long since I watched any trailer so I think I will enjoy it I sometimes don't like watch movies right away because you can tell that in the trailer they've showed you pretty much but after it's been like years and you completely even forgot that movie existed you go back it's not like you remember that show you know you go back like fresh I remember watching that movie you ever watched the chernobyl Diaries the poster was just like a radiation symbol and it was just black and it was just the radiation symbol and then looked down like it was a whole town that was entire poster so it doesn't really tell you is it based on what's your story or just so it's the place is real Chernobyl Chernobyl that's a real place and it's like there was a radiation power plant like that blue shirt higher City oh and you can't you really can't be so when I go in to watch the movie I've never watched trailers of anything I don't even know what the movies about you know we just that was the movie that was playing closest to the time we were there you know so me and the homies going [ __ ] high to watch this movie we don't even know what kind of movie days we assumed it might be like scary movie or something mm-hmm because it's like it's got the little radar thing or maybe a war movie so we don't know we go in there and it's like a like a documentary it's like a camera but they go into this town and the place has like people stolen and all this [ __ ] but I'm going through this movie I'm watching this movie and I'm figuring out everything as there you know because yeah so so because I didn't know and I was like okay what the [ __ ] am i watching I don't even know what this movie is in a comedy what's gonna happen next and I feel like if you watch trailers you lose that sense of like oh yeah but when you go into a movie and you and give you a movie about this they won't tell you details but think about this yeah you will be going to a movie you barely know the title you saw a poster if that and you don't even know what kind of [Music] you make a valid point because I'll be the one so like um like I let's say I'm watching a YouTube video and now you know how the show commercial show traded for a movie I'm like oh that looks good and I'm like I Paulie go sit at the theater soon and like the time passes by and I'm just like oh I already came out I'm just gonna look it up look up the summary the plot summary I think I think you even the movie when you look at it when you watch it again it's not even movie it's actually you know there's fun things about it there's really cool things about it but it's like that's how that's all I thought about a it was a cold disturbia with Sharla that I forget why we won I think we just want to go watch it just because and that movie gave me so much [ __ ] anxiety I remember I was just like I would like instead of sitting down holding on to the front seat like how's that what's going on cuz it's like he's he ends up going to I think like house arrest cause he like beat up his teacher he stalked his teacher cuz and then he ends up being there and he just like tries to find ways to kill time or whatever some guy moves in anything's is like his neighbor's a serial killer yeah yeah yeah and then um later on I guess like it like his um his uh his friend comes over like I guess like sneaks in and he starts like record a video camera of course everything that he seen right and at the end like he's freaking and his friend like like that is the camera goes blank goes black his for it turns around he's just like like he's dead and he's just and dude Shia LaBeouf is all like what's going on what's going on and he opens the [ __ ] door to his closet tears I use it his friends in his closet as a plan just playing a prank on him but you got it you know at the end after I watch the whole movie I was just like oh [ __ ] I was like never [ __ ] [ __ ] again really the movie never watched one and I couldn't sleep your voice darkness falls that's like a second like a tooth fairy I don't even know if it was him but the point is like delayed the tooth fairy she says she has a porcelain mask and the mask keeps all tooth so any time like any time it gets dark she'll be able to catch in the dark let's say you just have like a spotlight on you like you're safe soon as you step in the dark yeah that movie [ __ ] that I could not [ __ ] see what the hell that's that's a trip man because also too I'm up doing watch it watch it and then what we came out dude and then I was also I was also watching um just recently that they put certain um certain like sounds like into scary movies yeah it's like little sounds and there's there's like people that are dedicated to doing that like they please a certain sound to like give you like yeah and you get like [ __ ] chills down your spine you know you guys start sweating or whatever like any sounds for that I'm just like oh yeah and it's and it's not even like a loud sound it's something like just like and it's like that shows also like creepy out you know you're not gonna you're not gonna like since you're not gonna like instantly like from hearing it but like it's just gonna like your body's just gonna give ya certain reaction I wish I knew music that's if I were to have a hobby like my full-time job how would I like have a hobby I would try to [ __ ] I don't I don't think I had rhythm of any sort yeah sure man [ __ ] just hum some [ __ ] do you know like or like there's freaking apps that you download and just like some little drum pads so you same thing with dry mouth to you when drawing you were just kind of like iffy about it later on later on you're just like all right like you know let's do it little by little for the I want I can't believe we're out about we had this one I just want sure I was like show off the yeah that's pencil and then like later on like I first started doing all the pen so that later on like left blank page yeah first started doing with pencil and then um and you're free honey means too much yeah just like Joe yeah I've seen people that get tablets and they're like giant like references off the tablet a big-ass screen I got a cell phone you know yeah I mean I took I mean look at all the bad ones I was gonna I was gonna come through but the whole thing yeah I'm pretty proud of this one I like how this one came out well I use that I see something I use a pencil I use a red pencil sketch until use a red or or blue colored pencil yeah these are from I'm telling you like freakin these past these past eight thousand 1819 like this was recent this was just see like you could come you could tell like from like hopefully I can scratch it other ones like compared to this yeah I mean before I'll try to keep them in a book I don't know it was just I don't know if it's just like this the pressure of trying to carry a sketchbook now just hold you in a sketchbook and then be like alright this sketchbook is gonna be nothing for portraits and then later on I'll just catch myself like doing some gibberish or whatever like yeah and I'm like man I thought this move for schedules for portraits or this one's for the assistants for that so I figured like you know I'm just like that's why I just thought I can't tip over paper yeah yeah whatever whatever like I have another one that's just like a bunch of like random random stuff and I just didn't bring ya anything there's just like really random and that I think would be good for like a future reference or something then um then that I'll save it if now I'll just like put it aside and then later on a look at them see which was good yes so what made you what made you wait push these last two years I mean I'm not gonna try to get too into it but like the pressure is not a [ __ ] joke that's just real like to anybody who like ever like Caesar friends are always just like kind of like a little like down or out of it and like they never really like kind of like tell my hey like what's going on and more like a you stop being like that and just like brush it off it's like no it's not it's not it's like it's and on top of that I have anxiety too like they like depression is not a [ __ ] joke it's like like you you know so you yourself know you know personally know that you could like you're better than you could do better every single day but like something just [ __ ] hold you back and it's just like just your mind man you need like just get out of your head so it's like it's not I don't want to say it's easy [ __ ] difficult especially like like [ __ ] um just having like people like you thought you're and you're gonna be around this like a long time just kind of like bail on you and it's like [ __ ] and then and then it's kind of and then you just kind of like please I put myself in a position that's more like right if this is gonna this is how it's gonna be then I have to figure out how I'm gonna push myself to get better and be better for myself and that's what happened like it's been the [ __ ] like tough [ __ ] after high school it was [ __ ] like because I mean I had a bunch of friends around so it was kind of like it was kind of like easy to just be like alright we're gonna go [ __ ] drink and [ __ ] so kind of like I'll have a bunch of people around me you know be like my depression never really like [ __ ] like stuck too much you know because I'm having a good time my friends or whatever yeah so they'll help me numb it [ __ ] drinking a lot help me know I'm a lot of things [ __ ] smoking no smoking like I remember I will smoke a little bit but it wasn't too like after high school to start smoking a lot of weed and that kind of like just kind of like any problems that I had in that in that timeframe just kind of like disappeared but it's because I was like it wasn't even just like a blur - it's more like like after that we'll just keep smoking to be like out of it you know reaching a certain point was just like Nirvana you know when a just wasn't healthy it's just a healthy cause like snap back to reality and it's just like still got the same [ __ ] issues going on I was just trying I try to brush it off just trying to like get away from it but it's just like nah dude like yeah this was going on right here like what are you gonna do you keep on trying to try to hide it with like [ __ ] drugs or whatever and it's just like a bah anybody gonna do that's when I was just like you know what I'm gonna just try to like just push myself to just like create more cuz like later on like like you said it you got to leave something behind like you're not gonna be here like you have the audio files you have this you know that's what I thought about a lot like I got if I leave this if I leave this behind like people are gonna be like re this he was good at at this he was good at that this is we like to look at the materials he used like other yeah yeah I mean every time I like when I like throw a little like giggling laugh like that it's not it's not more like a bling laughy Nana it's more like it's just my reaction like so to be so serious about it this is this is not a time in your life this might be like something you it's not as easy as like or just be happy even if you just be happy it might make someone feel worse because they can't control yeah that's how [ __ ] off just pressure you're not gonna tell someone we've had it for whatever is just something you have to accept and even even do yeah yeah even you just trying to UM trying to understand like up what people are going through that's a big plus because later on I gotta know man you probably have like other people you help out yeah I remember for a while when I like yeah yeah it's like the same thing you said that you matter thing I was doing smile that's how that's how that's how I mean I always want always like drawing and stuff but that's kind of like one thing that kind of like all right like imma try to do something a little bit more different that what I do know something a little bit more positive so I did it I would do like the same thing I do the stencils I've got a smile stencil simple letters in it I put it on put a sticker I remember ways to give those out yeah and that's how I just started off with that and then later on it just kind of like stopped doing it and then like you kind of like helped me a little bit's it's just like it was like a daily reminder you know when I will see it just like said being sad about something just company men they don't smile and then and then like now now now like now that I feel like we're positive about a lot of things I've been able to like [ __ ] draw more often you know that's what I said I've been able to draw in these past two years a little bit more than that when I used to before it it was also a lot of doubt to like more like oh I can't draw like I can't draw this this is not good and it's like I kind of just like took all that [ __ ] and just said [ __ ] it if it comes out good it comes out good if it doesn't if it does it how am I gonna learn if I if I don't if I don't just continue doing this cuz if I if I say like all this doesn't come out of it throw it away don't try it doing it then I'm not gonna I'm not gonna progress I'm not gonna learn yeah it's gonna be like every time I draw on would be like and say you could tell I mean you could tell like my stuff is not [ __ ] all that but the thing is I'm not giving up yeah that's that's that's the only that's the only thing that's been motivating me just not giving up just trying to like keep going starts constantly trying to figure it out all those errors create they don't create to match perfection they just arrange mistakes in in a composition that allows this creation to look like beautiful you know what I mean like you're aligning you know shapes odd shapes and you're moving it and the purpose is not to recreate and match exactly this but to give it style and arrange it in a way you think it looks cool yeah yeah but like something nice you can tell you could tell me you got your reference from me and just kind of give it that little twist you arranged you know I say mistakes but it's just like lines that aren't part of the reference they're not mistakes they're just lines of dishes that you're adding that's not exactly to the reference but it gives the drawing shape and it makes it look nice you know whether it's a background or you know sometimes what tattoo artists they add little smoke that cuts through something you know that's a style they decided to add to their portrait now they're not just copy I know I know what you mean that like I said there's a yeah there's a lot of stuff that I've drawn in it's like it doesn't look exactly like what I like that does not look exactly like what I'm trying to do but this is how yeah this is like yeah like this is how it's coming out because this is this is like how far progressed this is how it's coming out how far like cuz the way I'm like how I'm like approaching it you know yeah and it's like it's like if I like you know you're like I said if I if I don't continue like and I just give up and then like well then how am I gonna get any better like I already I already know there's a like I've drawn all through it like I've drawn like since I was like five years old you know but it wasn't always like super consistent you know yeah yeah and then there'll be once in a while there'll be something that looks good and it's like alright then it takes me another in and it takes me like months later a year later and I like something that I've created looks good again but it's not consistent but I've drawn in the in-between those process of like certain pieces that look nice there's a bunch of like 20 crappy ones you know yeah and then it's uh and and it's it's not it's not that uh I mean it's just [ __ ] like just learning just learning on my own I'm talking like one hour class oh I took one Coty's class like but it was just I mean can I just tell me basics that already knew like you know I I know what you mean and you're self-taught I guess in a sense that gave you're not doing it because there is a school assignment you're doing it because you want to do it you're not doing it because your teacher tells you you gotta fill up a schedule oh [ __ ] no ha ha ha nah which is the difference they require because they know that's what's gonna get people better uh-huh you know well you're like you know that's what's gonna get you better the consistency it's just something you have to go that's a big part too man there's just a discipline that's that's how it is like before I wake up in the morning drink coffee and start drawing I wake up in the morning get on my phone it's [ __ ] punch videos in there by that time really is every like 10 I'm like oh and then I'll have to start doing chores and stuff you know like washing my clothes yeah then I'm just like all right like taking care of that sorry like maybe like 12 maybe one but that's that's a really like because already late I'm already like finishing up with the things that I do you know imagine like and then the top of like you get older in it's like responsibilities like are your car you know we have you got to go help a family member with this and then this kind of like takes away your time you just cherish yeah sh-sh you like when you pronounce a you're gonna be like yeah yeah yeah okay yeah it's like like people for anybody from around the world like different parts of Latin America and they have a different they speak Spanish I mean it's a big diversity exactly what you mean because I've got cuz I pipe I like it in the they call the pumpkin seeds yeah yeah yeah anybody use like I don't know if you have like certain diet by people people who are looking for protein that is not like me the rapid pitas have a lot of protein more than tofu more than beans more than and they're good for you more than peanut butter I know people people try to substitute protein with peanut butter or b12 and stuff but if you kernel it for like the rapid pitas those ones the freaking pumpkin seeds they have a lot you gotta get those you gotta get that unsalted and [ __ ] raw ones because there's a lot of like it's just is just like you said discipline there's a lot of stuff that you could just do and help yourself link just evening help eating healthy is just one thing but it's just a duplicity discipline are just any healthy food [Music] nothing carbs you know and no food yeah cuz if if you think about it all that money I don't wanna sound like a dumb ass or nothing like that but I mean like all the money that you put into by going to the doctor whatever like medical bills they you can put the money to buy and healthy food that will prevent you from spending all that money on medical bills but that's the thing like nobody-nobody not a lot of people are gonna look at the way like me or you like look at look at certain things you know yeah and then it's kind of like you can't force them we can't forget like force them to eat whatever they don't want to eat you know what I mean and especially to there's a game like fast food places now like it's like it's easier to be like I'm gonna get like five dollar hamburger already made cooking something at home but if you eat it you you can make a meal and then you probably eat a meal like yeah one day two days and then like do you already saved yourself like thirty sixty I don't like it depends if you by yourself imagine let's say let's say you go out on the weekend to he's gonna take your Wi-Fi you spend like I don't know dude depends would you guys want to go try out this new restaurant it's like [ __ ] expensive you know yeah it's like you I mean once in a while to go out and eat I think it's fine like you've come in [ __ ] there's this like um this is Mexican food spot like like close on my pan Obama's with burritos and I try to go I go maybe once a week you know on the weekend you know and that's what I always get they're ready not me like but see like stuff like that like see like um see like you go all like once a week to go out and eat that's not bad but you limit yourself like you you made a sacrifice throughout the week so you can't enjoy that yeah that's like when I when I like when I pick up my little sister from school she'll be like oh can we go over here over here I'm like you want to wait till the weekend oh we can we're still going right now yeah like this it'll be like all that like freaking all the hurry to go [ __ ] wherever she wants to know every like you want to wait to the weekend like you know get a little bit of a little barely we'll go there it's like more relaxed maybe like even sit down and eat inside instead of like waiting for the draft or whatever it's just little things yes yes yes Celie so our little things should be the one to tell me like I have a peanut butter jar like jelly or whatever like she can't open it automatically she wouldn't even try should you be like here what can open it why did you even try like no no I'm like we'll try and try opening it and I'll see if I see her struggle for a minute and she I'm Larry you're giving me get to me open if we're not be tensors like like no she's a little older but she was younger I'll do that to him often yeah and they're like oh and then and then she'll give me like the peanut butter jam like these try opening it she's like no she'll be she'll say that no like any other dude yeah like you can really been like making yourself a PB&J before you give up before even trying like how do you even know you don't know you couldn't do something without even trying yeah and it's just simple oh yeah yeah they do know like my little my little sisters have been a big motivation to yeah yeah big motivation anyway um just like seen her go you seen her growing up man yeah I just just like growing up and learning and she's always like well that I do like stuff that me and my other sister want to do yeah yeah it's kind of crazy I'm just well I'm not alright then so I kind of like journaling that was a big motivation that kind of like I said she got older I said I really like damn I'm like [ __ ] I'm like she doesn't want to [ __ ] Brad I won't be inside and press all the time that was a big motivation to know yeah shoo-shoo be that wants to be like why you said and I'm like I'm not I'm not sad she's like yeah you are you look really serious and it's more and it's more like I'm when I'm driving and I'm like to eat up on Sunday she said what he did about see like her doing stuff like that kind of just kind of like put me in a position I was just like oh [ __ ] yeah and then that kind of like kind of like pushed me that just like as soon as soon as she said when she started getting older and asking more questions I was just oh [ __ ] I was I need a really re-evaluate like what I'm doing and like [ __ ] like create like deuce do something in that later on like when she gets older and be like yeah my brother does that yeah you know I mean something something good that she can reflect on and she was telling me like cuz he would always try to help people you can try to teach him stuff yeah yeah yeah he was just like dude I'm I'm tired of trying to teach people you know like don't listen for a little bit and then they're just like oh just stop listening you know and I was like what do you mean I don't know like he's like I feel like I try to teach people stuff but like I'm not following my own lessons yeah yeah like I'm preaching stuff but I'm not I'm not doing the same thing you know and I was like oh yeah he's like yeah I think I'm just gonna try to focus on what I'm doing and then then teach them but not teach them lead by example okay people only listen to you when they see the results of what you're trying to preach ya know like if you telling hopeless you know you gotta have this dedication but if you're not you don't have the dedication to do stuff then no one's gonna okay yeah you're telling me but you're not you you come I was it you can't make you can't make anyone do anything you can only influence um yeah that's that's yeah and the best influence you've seen me do this this is what you can achieve with what you if you do exactly what I did it's already [ __ ] up right here I should have [ __ ] because I I just I just realized that I created a I did a finger before somebody points it out belated the [ __ ] I was was a drawing the three parts of the brother finger where it bends la tortue and I just I just caught it right now I don't know if it was me like do like going up I'm just talking to you just kind of like dozing off as [ __ ] that's what I'm just - most of stuff here it has to I can't be in the beginning process stages of it here yeah that's that's why I was gonna come through with a fresh paper just like like or is gonna bring that charcoal that charcoal with a clipboard but I love who's gonna fit on here that's not to bring it so just to show honestly you're welcome anytime man like I'm here if you're in the area I said don't come back for me and services I've been doing the same thing to you I don't think about that a lot like when it when when I'm like when I was gonna come here today honestly didn't know what I'm talking about series of questions and then when I asked you is like usually I ask questions just like now just whatever I'm just I just don't know like know what exactly I had an idea I'm like yeah we talked we can talk about hard stuff like you know anything that like probably like similar interests and stuff like that we're trying to understand each other we're talking similar interest how you definitely have the same interest but you know you grew up differently but like we can sit across from each other and draw and talk about you know topics that I took that when you said like oh here here's Animatrix I was like so would you do you have any uh any shows you might be going through this year or be trying to go to soon um I mean yeah I mean I've got to a few but it's just I'm just really like um I get it if I know the people if I know the people they're like I'll [ __ ] I'll go but like I don't know like ahead of time like if I know that they are I'm like focus on my schedule or whatever depending if I'm getting off work late or something yeah yeah but right now I think transitioning to like get a job it like it's like I should be doing so I should be doing something better than I'm doing now you know all right yeah anybody who I know like I like I'll go to their art shows and stuff but it's just like if they but I gotta like find out about in like a week ahead of time because I find out that they are just like oh [ __ ] I guess to get home shower eat something I go oh yeah definitely welcome you know if I hear anything oh yeah man definitely just I think I mean with you just uploading on my ear like story yeah I'll be able to see them I think it I think that's why I've done art I've done like our chose in the past but it's just like it's like I've never like put like ten pieces on one or two pieces you know like there was this one in La Mesa we I went to and this this this one girl had like at least like it was all like a like big ol like poster boards I shared a bunch of like watercolor pieces and it was like 20 different ones I was crazy and and I like this like you could tell like how she does her stuff and like just her like her unique style now just like Dan that's [ __ ] bad-ass yeah you were just working on that one two three four yeah little by little men there's no big big ones being 60 by 40 okay there's 60 60 by 40 okay okay dude when you were doing that oh oh oh especially because it's so close to your house 15 20 minutes guys for me it takes me like [ __ ] half an hour forty half an hour forty but I prepare myself man because I like it man it's really fun I haven't tried any of the other ones I think there's a couple more he can drinks from drinking and drawing tech chick yeah yeah but I don't know how yeah there is [Music] things up America mighty bad Mary boy I don't know yeah she was she would host she would also do art hardly get-togethers like a cafe love me too and I would always start with a I want like I'm gonna go home I go oh my god and on my schedule just woody you know I'll see here like she'll post up the like like the address or whatever whatever they're gonna be yet oh yeah I'm again I like I'll be like yeah yeah I'm Michael today on Michaels and I just never show up and I was be like you know it sucks sometimes I wait I waited a few tents for like the podcast like that for you to drop the length of the row arm just like yeah the preview farm and I'm just like you know and then I just go on YouTube and look to see the new ones are right now it's been good it's been recording mmm if you're interested in like events like that or even like the pop-up art shows yeah I've been I've been trying to I'm in creating more this yeah it looks like you you're like in this flow yeah like I try to yeah I don't I don't post a lot on my like on my Instagram post but um I mean if people ever if they were looking at my stories either I'm [ __ ] posting up funny as means or we're posting up like like sketches or something that I'm working progress is that I'm doing and then I'll take I'll take a picture of the final one on my on my story but I won't post it on my post because I was like sometimes I noticed this to me I'll look at it I mean I all right this looks pretty good like it looks fine I'll take a picture of it and they're just like I don't know if it's that my camera it just like it gives it the lip those little details just gives the camera just know it's like a it it's just like a weird like it I don't know if it like distorts it like the whole image is there but it's just like like find their little details is like to start something and I'm just like yeah my name my phone but and that's why that's why it kind of helps me keeps me back from posting awesome yeah that's totally post them on my story cuz it's like they look okay I'm sorry but when I post put them as a post it kind of like they look all weird yeah I have one I just thank God - I don't know Stan have you ever seen this no but he gave me a camera yeah you just licked me um he was just like do I don't use it oh [ __ ] yeah yeah he's all he's older dude he's older dude yeah even if it's not for like anything else but to be able to show your work alright no ya cuz ya cuz this one this one when I got done with that I put on my - we have story I didn't post it this this was this one along with like three other ones there on my Instagram post but all these other ones are not like I should probably post this one on this one yeah I know sometimes the pictures get it that's best you can get out there and then if you get a better camera later I repost my stuff sometimes here and there just to make sure unless you're constantly showing on something I haven't seen stuff for my friends in a while because they haven't posted you know you kind of you can't just check yeah yeah be able to keep up with everybody is when I look at their stories yeah stories because if people were constantly put a new post yeah [Laughter] it's more like if they're creating a lot of stuff of that or whatever they're doing and they keep they keep posts and keep posting trust me there's gonna be a thousand and one people they're gonna like it yeah I might not be like like like not in their legs in their circle there's probably some people like Japan [ __ ] or Asia or like I don't know over there in India a jet they're gonna look at it they're gonna start sending their people like hey look they're doing this they you like in them they're gonna start everybody's I mean it's it's inevitable social media social media is [ __ ] blowing up as we speak you should I would I would you sure like a pusher to like start uploading is the camera dude but it's just like yeah it doesn't pick up the little tiny little bits that I want to be shown I want to get a I need you I want to get a printer because they're written stuff like I want like stencil out and I want to be able to print out the whole image that way I could look at staples oh I use the prints of [ __ ] isn't that the best [ __ ] kind of printer but it's enough for me oh yeah just see yeah yeah so I can have some paper I want to get like one of these and then put like a mounted on their way just keep my phone on there because mostly when I'm doing like a turn that drawing with charcoal piece I'm like on my phone I have a pencil here and I have another pencil and I'm just like then yeah then I'm just like my hands tired of holding my phone that's what I say that's right that's the way I showed you how I stand put my knee on the temperature that's what I do you find a way thanks dude I appreciate it dude thank you for having me yeah for sure oh can I get a hey if anybody if anybody wants to get their makeup done follow artistry by Luna on histogram she got the hookups right now I don't know what this is gonna be posted but she's doing like okay yeah followers she about nuna for all the females they want to get their makeup done and also follow out of the harbor on Instagram yep shut up to grief artist thank supporting artists artistry right I'll send senator a tow and all right so later [Music] you saw

you saw all right welcome back to the matrix podcast thank you for having me you brought me some dope ass sleepers man this is cool yeah man i cut this one out a buddy of mines gave me like a bunch of old stickers so overlap them yeah it is all right here mix all it looks all legit though has a little flat to peel it off yeah this was also stencil i try to figure out like maybe like you know english letters yeah no i know exactly what you mean trust me i think i did this one like 3 different times before actually laid it down yeah i always go down with like like a simple sketch and that is just like trying to go back and just try to like do like the main parts that i am going to cut out try to do with the markers and go back and just clean it up and then just like putting it 0 yeah yeah it is a japanese i mean it is but it is from japan yeah i did not even sketch it out with pencil my friend was a he was giving me cuz i did drive with pencil he is they should have laid it down with the reference like give yourself like a actual like yeah like guidelines on how to like draw it like i am just free just go all depend honestly both ways are fine i like this i would do it like this just because like for me it is like it is like a sketch you know and then as long as you lay down the foundation like you are going with heavy shading 0 yes no one is going to notice yeah because you sketched it so all the sketch lines you can make it disappear with that 0 yeah kind of a challenge you know at the same time like all it trying to figure out the puzzle when the next time that ever comes up you know i know that is the same thing like i like let me show you have a i will doing some pen stuff and i put them into our put them in here like these ones and then there is one in the back just not this one and the one the ones on the same page to the 2 on the same page or not come on yesterday yeah i mean i mean i do not think it is bad or you know for doing them all in one day but at the same time when i know i could have taken a little bit a little bit longer 0 see you like stuff like stuff like i mean i love i love doing stuff like this i always like rather like just sketchy 0 you can build stuff actual sketch like you did here i do not know it reminds me of that yeah i will check him out man what does my more you did this 0 yeah there was a reference frame what it was you ever try doing stay away dpg drawing i have i have but like just does not come out i just i mean i have done in there just i am just like i completely suck it depends to my memory all but it depends to like i guess like how you position yourself why you turn the job cuz if you are drawing like this then like up here is going to be a little longer and then here is going to be like smushed in you know then your drawing you can show us like 0 super long and then when you draw like whatever you are working on yourself so twice a week so if you go outside of that it is like say 10 bucks 10 bucks per session if you go anywhere else with other artists 5 bucks but she is providing that with the school you do that twice a week for the duration of the class which is 3 months you are going to pick up even if you actually ask someone yeah i know i have seen i have seen videos of people like doing stuff with charcoal very lightly like i follow some he teaches somewhere and he always does time lapses of him using charcoal like he does not he never it is only his clipboard that it shows or his pay whatever he is working on you can never see the model and then he just like he just goes in i have said it is crazy he is goes in the bones i mean i know yeah yeah ready that is this just that things just a lot of a lot of practice a lot of practice that is all it is like they have been doing it so consistent that it looks just so wild to us and we are just trying to like catch up to that level i think anytime we hear noise automatically were just like no you are good honestly like when it comes to like people are like 0 yeah you do not need to come we are only working on this need to bring this type of material or like stuff like they are like there is art there is like this art show something like for these type art is really you know or like people are just like 0 yeah this is for the artists just some like that 0 my man 0 my god i do not think anybody should be like how do i explain it like yeah like excluded or like you know they hate it on just because like they are not like at a certain skill level than other people yeah you know like yeah i think every i think everybody like never did enough the bats start off like dropping freaky like you know freaking these super detailed work you know everybody just built off of that and i just like i do not think is right like people are like trying to hate on someone or make fun of people that are like just still 0 so learning on the way it is like alright dude you like it is fine like you you probably have somebody that like that touch you when you were younger like earlier age you know there are other people and then like more props to you you know yeah that is good and there is other people that never got taught by anybody and they are just learning on them by themselves and then you are still kicking ass people tend to exclude people who are you know what techniques to use to hate i am learning but people tend to not one really pay attention which is like it is always been weird to me because i always felt like i have been on the level where it is like you know it took me forever to try to get the courage to selma is to make my art in south you know make you said you might have followed me a long time ago and i used to draw turtles and i mean i still draw them but that so that is what i would love doing i would do stickers i would make stickers and stuff like that so i would trade i would just think that is how i got introduced each unit is the sticker trade you know you would draw stickers and then you would avail not 2 people and it was just so cool this dealt with other artists you know i think they would send you stickers i have this big fat sticker book you know and that is how i started and that is how i got a little more courage to like do a little more with my art it felt good to communicate with other artists you know i do not feel like i am at that point i feel like i am still with everybody else i am still trying to figure everything out you know so it is like you can not forget in the scene race as you you know like they are in the same recess usually if you can help someone out save time like just a little bit advice why not it could change the entire world for this person just you are right yeah i mean you do not have to give it if you see someone struggling do not lend a hand i mean you are making a podcast ideas as you are trying to talk them out you are kind of working your own ideas and then you have out the more you repeat them the more you cement them in your head like you know how to explain to someone what you are trying to say sometimes i can not figure stuff out explain what i am trying to say yeah but if i am doing it more i feel like so i think artists need batman back compounded with your art your gone man your art change can do good can do good damn i think everybody would have been beasting everybody who try to follow him would have been what makes this human so people do podcast they can do that you could always go back and just like listen to what you are saying you fell whatever you do and like just yeah or be like 0 man i am super happy this day and then like you go back and look at what you were working on or whatever you are just like well printer so much from that day no no it is not super funny story but i remember when one of my friends she was being shooting like a popsicle stick or some type of candy a gram and she was like messing around like showing your mouth and i was just like eh i forget i think i put like a even put like laughing emojis or i put like she was like being like just cannot be nasty about and then she sent me a picture and then she is like lick my tongue is blue or purple for guys yeah my same day and i just sketched yeah yeah i feel like i feel like when it comes to like when i am doing stuff with pen and pen like straight off like pen it tells me just to keep going even though i messed up and be like right look next time in the future now you know like how to like do a certain line in a certain way you know when you are sketching something we are like now you know like start off the sketch this way now you know like 0 you went to small you went to big and then i feel like that started with this this one like when i said i kinda just cut the head 1st just to get the shape bigger it just are this whole area 1st and i was like if i go down and try to like do the hands i am end up messing up cuz i would try to go back and i might smear it so that is that started in this part 1st and i am going to try to go back and try to start from this end and then the other hand i was what i watch a lot of like tattoo videos and like people i know well what a good friend of mines really close to your tattoos he is always giving me tips on stuff in the future like if i can and if if i am able to just like put everything i got into into that and just keep on going like yeah that would be a good thing one of my one of my many goals they they say 400 waited like you like to get accustomed to the weight they have in the machine 0 yeah yeah yeah yeah i know exactly which i talked about just yes just yesterday i was trying to i was trying to my 1st time using machines and i was trying to put one into my pen just again and then a do i mean i mean they are good man i am not going to lie 0 and just based on what i team i see like they are very defensive even if a customer goes without telling the original the original 1st person either so just be like yeah yeah so i do not know it that is just what i think i mean it makes sense in a way but it it kind of like like i do not think you should get too into your feelings when it comes to like stuff like that because let lets say you have you have a you have clientele for like a person that like a like they buy that off and they are like okay give me like 3 more there is like kind of like the same way but you do not have to do them right away or whatever but off the bat they are like 0 yeah we gave you a deposit so you like give me these 3 paintings right and you are like boom knock one out they give you more money because you are not going out going on for the rest of the year whatever you know they do not pay you all in in a few months later on they go and like get the same thing same 3 paintings like the same kind of like similar stuff from someone else 0 yeah you are going to be like 0 like that could have been my money no you know what i mean and you are just like ah then like you said they just brush it off like whatever it is cool yeah i know exactly what you mean way like though i always try to like think of all the perspectives yeah it is like all right that is like you kind of like see how they are you are this kind of person you are okay okay or like i will just let you know and i do not think you should let that like bring you down you should be all right if i lost one person later on you are going to meet 2 more people that are going to want your stuff or 5 more people 10 more people you know you can not just like i do not think you should just like focus on be like 0 this person is leaving cuz i mean there is not like they are going out they are going to get work from someone else let them go like you probably find somebody else to pay you more for the you do no definitely not where i am doing a painting for someone and decide to get a painting from someone else like it is not it is that person making decision and not yeah yeah come on eagles 2 men see tattoo various tattoo shops i mean they are just everybody is just people just people do like i mean you like your co workers at work you know you guys all work for the same little company group whatever and it is just like not everybody gets along like same thing with a tattoo shop you guys are all working for the same shop not everybody gets the opinion i like what you are doing explain yourself big time yeah i would want a new feature that will be something i want to get to he is just an employee here you know you are not really from being from being around a few shops like i you see it i noticed also also too like before we leave that topic i wanted to video so just like you got shaky hands like this is good for your 0 yeah my also think see my giant talk about that he is like because i have seen the ones he thought when he hands on the sharpie markers or pens that he is using they are like freaking and he says so his fingers one they want stiffen up because if we are holding the pen you are right here right yeah and then we have this like wrapped around that you are more up here it has more relaxed because it is more open that is what he talked about 0 man this past freaking i think i have put in more work and i can try to draw and create more in these past like 2 years then in my whole know that now that i have gotten older yeah just been i have just been trying to draw more often you know just kind of like trying to get out of my head and put everything like everything that i think about so often just put it to the side and just try to focus on creating something good all right all right let me i will break down like a simple like a like a weekend like saturday morning saturday morning so let us say i will try to get it i try to get like around 8 0 depending upon that up friday night dorian after work i try to get up a little bit early what makes me i made coffee and i will figure out what i am either from we are going to be working on the same cell breaking lesson the night before but i always like blank sheet of paper and i will just start like just either dry like letters or trying to sketch out something just to get like i do not know just like a warm up just to get all the little like i do not know just to get that out of my system yeah just a little yeah just do some anything like just it does not even have to be good i will just freakin draw anything all right cool and then i will just start setting up whatever i need like if i am he is like terkel or if i am just going to use like paint like paint markers or whatever yeah i said myself i said up everything sometimes i get distracted and i will be like 0 look i have a sticker for my friend and i will put it in my but i will try to like find my book and i will be like i like all right cool and i will do that and then i will like what and then i forget that i have that has made coffee and i am like 0 the coffee so they are right you know just so i am just like kind of like all over the place in the morning and then when i have served myself the coffee this one that is when i sit down and i am just like all right cool like i am going to work on this pen drying all right let me connect my phone i will try to find it on my phone or from using a piece of paper and i will just sit down just try to get comfortable and you start drawing i turn that are like char like in front of the tv i try that like watch youtube videos always i play music on my phone and just absolutely wireless headphones i put on that is it my dad my dad will become me because i am ready like i am ready like kind of like you know definitely coffee music music just i guess like a quiet place i do not know i do not know just like sit down just to be comfortable 0 yeah yeah yeah i have a big ass freaking i do not even know that you think that science it is pretty big and then i just put that one that one cause it is like it is when i put it on the little diesel it is it is like it it is like like this much off the table so i always sit up music damn i go from listening to like do a listen to a bunch of i will i will i will listening to like i listen to reggae ska punk hardcore freaking trip hop underground hip hop jazz blues like recently recently i just like like i guess people call like like this tremendous mixed with like jazz i think they call it low fine now yas what i have been noticing they call it low 5 i do not even know i do not even know that that is on you i thought it was just like 0 that is jazz and hip hop that is trip hop that is what i would like reference it man yeah that is when i go to usually you see is like underground hip hop instrumentals a lot of instrumentals and yeah dude i just they pay about feeling like you are so this all going like in the backyard or whatever if i am working out with spray paint same thing i will put my headphones on have a cup of coffee i tell you because i mean like for me there is like correlation between and then out to the new music you are still experiencing i can not have i can not have music on the speakers i can not do that it has to be yeah and if in if like and if i am not like my headphones die i will try to play it on my phone and then and it is like i will not last as long join or painting or whatever i am doing when i have my headphones on listening to like i am speaker you got the same put yourself with a little world same thing like when i am listening to a certain song and i realized like i have loaned out listening to the song do that to that song like let us say from right now if i am drawing and i am listening to i do not know man listening to like a hardcore song you know and i am freaky and drawing and i and i realized in that moment after like that song ends and i kind of like it kind of like just like snaps back to reality i am just like 0 damn like i have managed to like do so much with that song i do yeah yeah yeah and i will just keep on playing it over and over and over sometimes sometimes it is like i will listen i will be listening to like receive a mom her name is a petty petty where is the name something to eat my friend i will try to remember peggy lee peggy she she sings for josh she is a jazz singer okay i will be playing her music sometimes too yeah and she likes a song her songs like fever pretty popular not like i will have that song playing it has been a few times and i am having fun playing in the background or something that my headphones and i am like all right but it is 0 you know puts me the freakin bleep almost deaf i am not like it is not it is not me being like you know that the name is just funny but that would be the way it starts and then her name is i think thing is polly aretha re aretha the girl who sings in that song from that sample that is your name you can find the original on youtube it is like a listen to hip hop to like see blurred out about your own your multi your more yeah your multi yeah if you want you you can look at my plate let us do it and you you can write all that down and then and you could write up before i before i leave you know i mean if you got in the creative zone i want to see what this song does for me am i going to get create in the creative zone like you know and i am always just i am not a big fan of country my dad likes country i trip out he will be like we will be driving it and then like he will want to play that i am you know i am not a big fan but okay we will play it for right now but it will be like i was going to say something i completely blanked out i was going to tell you something about a song yeah i actually got those a screen printed yeah order are those yeah i always always see that when people create like stuff like that like homemade yeah because there is something about scream 0 there we go you tell more like different music just just a thing goes on thursday i am watching this i was watching this video and then they have a song playing create i love love tyra knows that norte goes crazy yeah yeah that was i mean i think it is really popular and i was just like i was just listening to that the other day you know i was just like all right you enjoy yeah yeah you are right now because of charlie norwood maybe a month or 2 and that is it is not every year it is like every other year or something i do not know what makes me get into that type of music sometimes but when it happens like digging it you know and then i stop digging it music so weird how how people is play this just just last night my homie at the 2 shot at the tattoo shop he works at and i guess the owner was tattooing and i do not know if he told he told his daughter to bump some music to bum maria or he just or he just said i will play something and i was at the end at the end i do not even know i do not know i did not know it was her that she was actually typing up the music to search out she was not playing nothing but like west coast like gangster rap and i knew majority of the song you know it is just it just i have not i have not heard some of those songs in a while because i have not bumped them and i was just tripping out because later on i see her when she walks up to the computer and she is type something up and her dad told her 0 yeah look of this artist and play this playlist you know like cleaned up see bone thugs n harmony ice cube all that and i was just like wow i was like damn i am going to start gay yeah i remember listening to middle school man that was in 2007 around the time music changed i guess i 2 months yeah like some heavy bad chair and then that changed back to hip hop i mean hip hop is always like us step like i always come back to well i think it went to underground hip hop before rock you know and then it came back to underground hip hop and just branched out and telling i was just listening like japanese well this was like a while ago i was like japanese hip hop and then they had some dope songs but i just do not know i could not read it and not i do not know what it says so i could not look it up it is a platelets it is not like top 10 or like or moore is most most popular hit like japanese hip hop songs there is something like or some type of like playlist and i am trying to like i know what song it is i was free shot at it just to know but i am just like i do not know who to tell i do not know how to translate like i do not even know if i were to find the letters you know translator yeah you said anime you like enemy i am not how can i say i am not like super like yeah super big on it but i like it i like it like you know there is some people that are just like crazed then they go to like i do not know they they are like they know like all the enemies that come out and then so they stick on listicles to the new ones there they go anime expo know that see you like i do not i do not do i do not really do all that but i like i like some of it i liked animations i like the style i like the music because i was into do not have the time to sit down they are translated you know when you find out what happens and where the stories like i have seen i know you ever heard of full metal alchemist 0 you watch both brotherhood and just i mean i like both of the animations man they are both sick i like i like the style how they created i like the music that they play in between yeah i can not say it is her i think i think i think brother brother i like brotherhood like but i think i like brotherhood more for the storyline but i mean i my friend told me about it he was just like you are hurtful my documents and i was like dude like i never cared about anime or whatever like and this was like in mind like junior senior year in high school and i was like all right man i will just take a look at it and i watched for sure the storyline you know it is weird now since since you have watched it literally i was talking and i was watching in brotherhood you know when the teachers 0 yeah so they are starving because they can not kill a little rabbit 0 yeah yeah the other boys are kind of like so weird about it yes edward just ours and he is thinking about life and he is like thinking about being an alchemist or whatever and he is like alchemists are have to understand like the circle life or understand like life in order to break it down and we build it you know i was like okay cool and you know he is he ate a couple bugs we have to consume energy to be able to survive yeah yeah i remember that artist because we need to understand how to visually see something and break it down to rebuild it in in our you know medium so i was like 0 like there is like a correlation between these fake life lesson analyze what they are looking at break it down to its simplest forms to build it up and then we find it to match what you wanted to match you know and you can adjust it how you want and recreate it but pretty much artists do what alchemist do but on like paper and medium that is crazy you know that you can make certain like connections and different things with even just life and like your stuff enemy unless the morale is like in your face there is little lessons at the end i try to teach you these little things they try to teach you you know and that leads me to a series that i am trying to start which is why i am doing those those studies of like 0 yeah yeah i think i think you take a picture i remember seeing it where it is like paintings old style paintings you know but i want to recreate anime scenes in that style so we create these characters but looking them like those old school paintings so when i do those it is because i learned a bunch of lessons to watching animated you know dumb lessons but if my little head it was like it stayed in there you know it was like 3 people how you want to be really makes you feel certain things that you know especially anna because anime tends to be a little crazier topics you know they are not afraid to talk about like real topics in these cartoons you know so it seems like a little more adult age that utah usually mention either like adults topics the ever macho cowboy bebop those are there they have some really like freaking mature talk like i do not want to say mature but it is like real like strong topics yeah and animes old man that is wrong like we are like 96 well not super 0 i think in 96 yeah yeah it is like 96 i think or 93 i am not sure you correct me in the connected in the comments it seems cheesy but the more it is like it is good karma good karma that is all it is like you know you freaking put out a lot of goodness you get back what you got to think about it to those people are creative they are ready they are old well the other i think they are older than us or about maybe i do not know around the same age to introduce these topics there is some cartoons with an addicting like you can see where they think kids are not smart enough to know older you know and it is like you do not have to coddle your kids you do not have to protect them from these topics you can talk about these it is to them in ways that they will understand you know or do cartoons that they will understand and it definitely helped them think about this stuff at an earlier age this way when they become older they can understand it thought about it for so long yeah and some of them are crazy 0 yeah there is some of yeah i know there is some that are like a little just like to excessive on the violence and i am just like and like i think every time when i see like i am like damn they got into so much detail just to be able to like blast that dudes head off i was like that is how much i think about like 0 no like do someone like a character watch fisher like i still remember the scene one they 1st saw their dude like they are they are young i think they are like one is 11 and then was 9 there is something like that my bad i have not have not watched it in a good while the one that i really watched recently was cowboy bebop and but that was already like a few months ago but i have seen it but i know i have seen the cover and stuff it is just like a crazy story well one thing i thought i seen was kind of crazy was called a thing up it was called elfin lead i lied yeah so i like this girl she is like i guess she is create and she is creating a side of facility but i guess she was created just to i am only watched like only one or 2 episodes to be honest and i she has like some like a like something spirit like a spirit always kind of like taking care of her 0 but it is but it is like that is like it is like a little girl she does another stun just understand a lot about life whatever cuz she has been the facility yeah that is what she was she was creative i think or i do not even know man i figured figure out but the free the amount of blood and that thing i was just like wow it is just like the only reason where i stopped watching it cuz i think i did not like the storyline her just like i just did not like that way that they did that animation i whatever you know do you ever watch it was the 1st home 1st move my favorite one like this kid was like kind of like was just like he knew what was up with the world or whatever like he was not like to see reality of it every joke off the building and he ends up like you i know exactly where you are my dude nobody ever talks about that that is that is crazy you like you you are like actually the 1st person who brought it up ever you did not when it goes too fast and tells you how humanity discriminated against robots the humanoid robot and the animation with the little kids 0 yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah but like from that they like they do something and they start bleeding do not think one of us are speedy i remember that but that seemed in the way they animated man it is like it was so like fluid like you could see the way they made it stays in my hand man and there is other animations they i do not know if you use the same artist or they are inspired by that artist but they have done my fight scenes 0 yeah i never watched it people always tell me to watch it they tell me to watch no yeah i do i know exactly where your time bar it is like it is really like it is it is just like a beautiful masterpiece yes it is it is nice see the whole thing they would not speed it up for you yeah i know i know exactly i mean and it like i said it is crazy because like nobody nobody ever mentions it nobody never never nobody mentioned never mentions that freaky and anime and i loved i loved all of them i loved all of those freaking the little short stories in the 1st one was my favorite one like that kid it was just like he knew that he knew something was up like he is he is literally sitting in this classroom and he is just like kind of like just like this is not this is not it this is not life you know this is that i was like something clicks in his head just saying like he just this is not this is not me this is not supposed to live like this freaking jumps off the building is like world and i was like wow i was like wow and i think i think he was the one that they call mouse in the yeah right is it yeah i think i think that yeah i think that was him yeah did a freaking i am i remember when i had the money so i can watch some of the 2nd probably watch it now so i was younger man like younger thinnest minho is i will sit down and watch a movie that i have watched that is how i thought about how fight club yes i remember watching fight cup like 2 or 3 times when i was little and it would come out on the tv and i just did not not care i just said yeah and then it was not so it was not until we were at my friend is garage and i think he was just like or i do not know if it was not like if i was it was like a youtube recommendation but this was like a really like a few years ago and a clip came out or we are watching fyke up somewhere and i remember the 1st time i actually said that i watched and he is just like boom we have reached a cabin fever what did you say and i was just like like wha and when i when i when that part happened i was just i have to watch this movie at least 3 or 4 times like yes yes i do not know if you noticed but in that movie there is a part where freakin brad pitt just like pops out in like different parts of the film i do not know if you noticed it it says a it says it enough i think it is a i do not know fit he pops out like one time and in the mean i think i do not want to spoil it for you maybe good 0 yeah he pops out he pops out in like 4 different parts but then before before it said that he has another split but the guy has a split personality yeah so it is kind of like it you know how he talks about splitting no no no no no no it is not that it is more like you know how they how he said he is talking about spicing films at the 0 yeah it is more like if like he like if he spiced a film and put himself in the movie it is it is it is it is kind of its kind of crazy like i do not i do not know if i am like if i sound okay explaining it but like you are watching the movie and it is like you just see little like images that is it like in between in like 4 different parts you can actually see it we pay attention because i say like we mean you and talking in the scene you know pop yeah i start off i watch fight club it makes me want to you like certainly creating my own but but it is like it is not it is not like an opponent just like that we sick you know have like a group with people helping me how to like make a garden or something you know make sure like that strube it is trivial just like being particle gets can get to that point yeah man exactly you just being accepted yeah whatever you know and the fact that it was secretive at the end like here or during part of the movie his one of his like some guy he met and so i got i do not even know that say like alcoholic anonymous or like those like yeah yeah yeah yeah he one of his friends dies and everybody is just like everybody just kind of like 0 we are getting put him in the backyard and he is just like snaps out of it he is just like no this is my friend you know like he died for a cause he is tied for a project mayhem or whatever and here was just like what the well i was going to tell you a lucy man lucy no no yes yes yeah yeah you have to watch that one man it is like same thing you know you said the guy takes a pillow need like because i yeah but except like she is supposed to be like i do not know spoiler but she like how i saw some like traffic drugs but they like they kidnap her so she could do it and at the end like she is like yeah yeah and it is like it is just it is just pretty much the storyline it is just like well what could we what will you be able to do if you are like your mind your buddies on a percent of your brain that is what it is yeah i am going to check it out i have ever heard i have not heard but it has been so long since i watched any trailer so i think i will enjoy it i sometimes do not like watch movies right away because you can tell that in the trailer they have showed you pretty much but after it has been like years and you completely even forgot that movie existed you go back it is not like you remember that show you know you go back like fresh i remember watching that movie you ever watched the chernobyl diaries the poster was just like a radiation symbol and it was just black and it was just the radiation symbol and then looked down like it was a whole town that was entire poster so it does not really tell you is it based on what is your story or just so it is the place is real chernobyl chernobyl that is a real place and it is like there was a radiation power plant like that blue shirt higher city 0 and you can not you really can not be so when i go in to watch the movie i have never watched trailers of anything i do not even know what the movies about you know we just that was the movie that was playing closest to the time we were there you know so me and the homies going high to watch this movie we do not even know what kind of movie days we assumed it might be like scary movie or something because it is like it has got the little radar thing or maybe a war movie so we do not know we go in there and it is like a like a documentary it is like a camera but they go into this town and the place has like people stolen and all this but i am going through this movie i am watching this movie and i am figuring out everything as there you know because yeah so so because i did not know and i was like okay what the am i watching i do not even know what this movie is in a comedy what is going to happen next and i feel like if you watch trailers you lose that sense of like 0 yeah but when you go into a movie and you and give you a movie about this they will not tell you details but think about this yeah you will be going to a movie you barely know the title you saw a poster if that and you do not even know what kind of you make a valid point because i will be the one so like like i let us say i am watching a youtube video and now you know how the show commercial show traded for a movie i am like 0 that looks good and i am like i paulie go sit at the theater soon and like the time passes by and i am just like 0 i already came out i am just going to look it up look up the summary the plot summary i think i think you even the movie when you look at it when you watch it again it is not even movie it is actually you know there is fun things about it there is really cool things about it but it is like that is how that is all i thought about a it was a cold disturbia with sharla that i forget why we won i think we just want to go watch it just because and that movie gave me so much anxiety i remember i was just like i would like instead of sitting down holding on to the front seat like how is that what is going on cuz it is like he is he ends up going to i think like house arrest cause he like beat up his teacher he stalked his teacher cuz and then he ends up being there and he just like tries to find ways to kill time or whatever some guy moves in anything is is like his neighbor is a serial killer yeah yeah yeah and then later on i guess like it like his his his friend comes over like i guess like sneaks in and he starts like record a video camera of course everything that he seen right and at the end like he is freaking and his friend like like that is the camera goes blank goes black his for it turns around he is just like like he is dead and he is just and dude shia labeouf is all like what is going on what is going on and he opens the door to his closet tears i use it his friends in his closet as a plan just playing a prank on him but you got it you know at the end after i watch the whole movie i was just like 0 i was like never again really the movie never watched one and i could not sleep your voice darkness falls that is like a 2nd like a tooth fairy i do not even know if it was him but the point is like delayed the tooth fairy she says she has a porcelain mask and the mask keeps all tooth so any time like any time it gets dark she will be able to catch in the dark let us say you just have like a spotlight on you like you are safe soon as you step in the dark yeah that movie that i could not see what the hell that is that is a trip man because also too i am up doing watch it watch it and then what we came out dude and then i was also i was also watching just recently that they put certain certain like sounds like into scary movies yeah it is like little sounds and there is there is like people that are dedicated to doing that like they please a certain sound to like give you like yeah and you get like chills down your spine you know you guys start sweating or whatever like any sounds for that i am just like 0 yeah and it is and it is not even like a loud sound it is something like just like and it is like that shows also like creepy out you know you are not going to you are not going to like since you are not going to like instantly like from hearing it but like it is just going to like your body is just going to give ya certain reaction i wish i knew music that is if i were to have a hobby like my full time job how would i like have a hobby i would try to i do not i do not think i had rhythm of any sort yeah sure man just hum some do you know like or like there is freaking apps that you download and just like some little drum pads so you same thing with dry mouth to you when drawing you were just kind of like iffy about it later on later on you are just like all right like you know let us do it little by little for the i want i can not believe we are out about we had this one i just want sure i was like show off the yeah that is pencil and then like later on like i 1st started doing all the pen so that later on like left blank page yeah 1st started doing with pencil and then and you are free honey means too much yeah just like joe yeah i have seen people that get tablets and they are like giant like references off the tablet a big ass screen i got a cell phone you know yeah i mean i took i mean look at all the bad ones i was going to i was going to come through but the whole thing yeah i am pretty proud of this one i like how this one came out well i use that i see something i use a pencil i use a red pencil sketch until use a red or or blue colored pencil yeah these are from i am telling you like freakin these past these past 8000 1819 like this was recent this was just see like you could come you could tell like from like hopefully i can scratch it other ones like compared to this yeah i mean before i will try to keep them in a book i do not know it was just i do not know if it is just like this the pressure of trying to carry a sketchbook now just hold you in a sketchbook and then be like alright this sketchbook is going to be nothing for portraits and then later on i will just catch myself like doing some gibberish or whatever like yeah and i am like man i thought this move for schedules for portraits or this one is for the assistants for that so i figured like you know i am just like that is why i just thought i can not tip over paper yeah yeah whatever whatever like i have another one that is just like a bunch of like random random stuff and i just did not bring ya anything there is just like really random and that i think would be good for like a future reference or something then then that i will save it if now i will just like put it aside and then later on a look at them see which was good yes so what made you what made you wait push these last 2 years i mean i am not going to try to get too into it but like the pressure is not a joke that is just real like to anybody who like ever like caesar friends are always just like kind of like a little like down or out of it and like they never really like kind of like tell my hey like what is going on and more like a you stop being like that and just like brush it off it is like no it is not it is not it is like it is and on top of that i have anxiety too like they like depression is not a joke it is like like you you know so you yourself know you know personally know that you could like you are better than you could do better every single day but like something just hold you back and it is just like just your mind man you need like just get out of your head so it is like it is not i do not want to say it is easy difficult especially like like just having like people like you thought you are and you are going to be around this like a long time just kind of like bail on you and it is like and then and then it is kind of and then you just kind of like please i put myself in a position that is more like right if this is going to this is how it is going to be then i have to figure out how i am going to push myself to get better and be better for myself and that is what happened like it has been the like tough after high school it was like because i mean i had a bunch of friends around so it was kind of like it was kind of like easy to just be like alright we are going to go drink and so kind of like i will have a bunch of people around me you know be like my depression never really like like stuck too much you know because i am having a good time my friends or whatever yeah so they will help me numb it drinking a lot help me know i am a lot of things smoking no smoking like i remember i will smoke a little bit but it was not too like after high school to start smoking a lot of weed and that kind of like just kind of like any problems that i had in that in that timeframe just kind of like disappeared but it is because i was like it was not even just like a blur it is more like like after that we will just keep smoking to be like out of it you know reaching a certain point was just like nirvana you know when a just was not healthy it is just a healthy cause like snap back to reality and it is just like still got the same issues going on i was just trying i try to brush it off just trying to like get away from it but it is just like nah dude like yeah this was going on right here like what are you going to do you keep on trying to try to hide it with like drugs or whatever and it is just like a bah anybody going to do that is when i was just like you know what i am going to just try to like just push myself to just like create more cuz like later on like like you said it you got to leave something behind like you are not going to be here like you have the audio files you have this you know that is what i thought about a lot like i got if i leave this if i leave this behind like people are going to be like re this he was good at at this he was good at that this is we like to look at the materials he used like other yeah yeah i mean every time i like when i like throw a little like giggling laugh like that it is not it is not more like a bling laughy nana it is more like it is just my reaction like so to be so serious about it this is this is not a time in your life this might be like something you it is not as easy as like or just be happy even if you just be happy it might make someone feel worse because they can not control yeah that is how off just pressure you are not going to tell someone we have had it for whatever is just something you have to accept and even even do yeah yeah even you just trying to trying to understand like up what people are going through that is a big plus because later on i got to know man you probably have like other people you help out yeah i remember for a while when i like yeah yeah it is like the same thing you said that you matter thing i was doing smile that is how that is how that is how i mean i always want always like drawing and stuff but that is kind of like one thing that kind of like all right like i am going to try to do something a little bit more different that what i do know something a little bit more positive so i did it i would do like the same thing i do the stencils i have got a smile stencil simple letters in it i put it on put a sticker i remember ways to give those out yeah and that is how i just started off with that and then later on it just kind of like stopped doing it and then like you kind of like helped me a little bit is it is just like it was like a daily reminder you know when i will see it just like said being sad about something just company men they do not smile and then and then like now now now like now that i feel like we are positive about a lot of things i have been able to like draw more often you know that is what i said i have been able to draw in these past 2 years a little bit more than that when i used to before it it was also a lot of doubt to like more like 0 i can not draw like i can not draw this this is not good and it is like i kind of just like took all that and just said it if it comes out good it comes out good if it does not if it does it how am i going to learn if i if i do not if i do not just continue doing this cuz if i if i say like all this does not come out of it throw it away do not try it doing it then i am not going to i am not going to progress i am not going to learn yeah it is going to be like every time i draw on would be like and say you could tell i mean you could tell like my stuff is not all that but the thing is i am not giving up yeah that is that is that is the only that is the only thing that has been motivating me just not giving up just trying to like keep going starts constantly trying to figure it out all those errors create they do not create to match perfection they just arrange mistakes in in a composition that allows this creation to look like beautiful you know what i mean like you are aligning you know shapes odd shapes and you are moving it and the purpose is not to recreate and match exactly this but to give it style and arrange it in a way you think it looks cool yeah yeah but like something nice you can tell you could tell me you got your reference from me and just kind of give it that little twist you arranged you know i say mistakes but it is just like lines that are not part of the reference they are not mistakes they are just lines of dishes that you are adding that is not exactly to the reference but it gives the drawing shape and it makes it look nice you know whether it is a background or you know sometimes what tattoo artists they add little smoke that cuts through something you know that is a style they decided to add to their portrait now they are not just copy i know i know what you mean that like i said there is a yeah there is a lot of stuff that i have drawn in it is like it does not look exactly like what i like that does not look exactly like what i am trying to do but this is how yeah this is like yeah like this is how it is coming out because this is this is like how far progressed this is how it is coming out how far like cuz the way i am like how i am like approaching it you know yeah and it is like it is like if i like you know you are like i said if i if i do not continue like and i just give up and then like well then how am i going to get any better like i already i already know there is a like i have drawn all through it like i have drawn like since i was like 5 years old you know but it was not always like super consistent you know yeah yeah and then there will be once in a while there will be something that looks good and it is like alright then it takes me another in and it takes me like months later a year later and i like something that i have created looks good again but it is not consistent but i have drawn in the in between those process of like certain pieces that look nice there is a bunch of like 20 crappy ones you know yeah and then it is and and it is it is not it is not that i mean it is just like just learning just learning on my own i am talking like one hour class 0 i took one coty is class like but it was just i mean can i just tell me basics that already knew like you know i i know what you mean and you are self taught i guess in a sense that gave you are not doing it because there is a school assignment you are doing it because you want to do it you are not doing it because your teacher tells you you got to fill up a schedule 0 no ha ha ha nah which is the difference they require because they know that is what is going to get people better huh you know well you are like you know that is what is going to get you better the consistency it is just something you have to go that is a big part too man there is just a discipline that is that is how it is like before i wake up in the morning drink coffee and start drawing i wake up in the morning get on my phone it is punch videos in there by that time really is every like 10 i am like 0 and then i will have to start doing chores and stuff you know like washing my clothes yeah then i am just like all right like taking care of that sorry like maybe like 12 maybe one but that is that is a really like because already late i am already like finishing up with the things that i do you know imagine like and then the top of like you get older in it is like responsibilities like are your car you know we have you got to go help a family member with this and then this kind of like takes away your time you just cherish yeah sh sh you like when you pronounce a you are going to be like yeah yeah yeah okay yeah it is like like people for anybody from around the world like different parts of latin america and they have a different they speak spanish i mean it is a big diversity exactly what you mean because i have got cuz i pipe i like it in the they call the pumpkin seeds yeah yeah yeah anybody use like i do not know if you have like certain diet by people people who are looking for protein that is not like me the rapid pitas have a lot of protein more than tofu more than beans more than and they are good for you more than peanut butter i know people people try to substitute protein with peanut butter or b 12 and stuff but if you kernel it for like the rapid pitas those ones the freaking pumpkin seeds they have a lot you got to get those you got to get that unsalted and raw ones because there is a lot of like it is just is just like you said discipline there is a lot of stuff that you could just do and help yourself link just evening help eating healthy is just one thing but it is just a duplicity discipline are just any healthy food nothing carbs you know and no food yeah cuz if if you think about it all that money i do not want to sound like a dumb ass or nothing like that but i mean like all the money that you put into by going to the doctor whatever like medical bills they you can put the money to buy and healthy food that will prevent you from spending all that money on medical bills but that is the thing like nobody nobody not a lot of people are going to look at the way like me or you like look at look at certain things you know yeah and then it is kind of like you can not force them we can not forget like force them to eat whatever they do not want to eat you know what i mean and especially to there is a game like fast food places now like it is like it is easier to be like i am going to get like $5 hamburger already made cooking something at home but if you eat it you you can make a meal and then you probably eat a meal like yeah one day 2 days and then like do you already saved yourself like 3060 i do not like it depends if you by yourself imagine let us say let us say you go out on the weekend to he is going to take your wi fi you spend like i do not know dude depends would you guys want to go try out this new restaurant it is like expensive you know yeah it is like you i mean once in a while to go out and eat i think it is fine like you have come in there is this like this is mexican food spot like like close on my pan obama is with burritos and i try to go i go maybe once a week you know on the weekend you know and that is what i always get they are ready not me like but see like stuff like that like see like see like you go all like once a week to go out and eat that is not bad but you limit yourself like you you made a sacrifice throughout the week so you can not enjoy that yeah that is like when i when i like when i pick up my little sister from school she will be like 0 can we go over here over here i am like you want to wait till the weekend 0 we can we are still going right now yeah like this it will be like all that like freaking all the hurry to go wherever she wants to know every like you want to wait to the weekend like you know get a little bit of a little barely we will go there it is like more relaxed maybe like even sit down and eat inside instead of like waiting for the draft or whatever it is just little things yes yes yes celie so our little things should be the one to tell me like i have a peanut butter jar like jelly or whatever like she can not open it automatically she would not even try should you be like here what can open it why did you even try like no no i am like we will try and try opening it and i will see if i see her struggle for a minute and she i am larry you are giving me get to me open if we are not be tensors like like no she is a little older but she was younger i will do that to him often yeah and they are like 0 and then and then she will give me like the peanut butter jam like these try opening it she is like no she will be she will say that no like any other dude yeah like you can really been like making yourself a pb amp j before you give up before even trying like how do you even know you do not know you could not do something without even trying yeah and it is just simple 0 yeah yeah they do know like my little my little sisters have been a big motivation to yeah yeah big motivation anyway just like seen her go you seen her growing up man yeah i just just like growing up and learning and she is always like well that i do like stuff that me and my other sister want to do yeah yeah it is kind of crazy i am just well i am not alright then so i kind of like journaling that was a big motivation that kind of like i said she got older i said i really like damn i am like i am like she does not want to brad i will not be inside and press all the time that was a big motivation to know yeah shoo shoo be that wants to be like why you said and i am like i am not i am not sad she is like yeah you are you look really serious and it is more and it is more like i am when i am driving and i am like to eat up on sunday she said what he did about see like her doing stuff like that kind of just kind of like put me in a position i was just like 0 yeah and then that kind of like kind of like pushed me that just like as soon as soon as she said when she started getting older and asking more questions i was just 0 i was i need a really re evaluate like what i am doing and like like create like deuce do something in that later on like when she gets older and be like yeah my brother does that yeah you know i mean something something good that she can reflect on and she was telling me like cuz he would always try to help people you can try to teach him stuff yeah yeah yeah he was just like dude i am i am tired of trying to teach people you know like do not listen for a little bit and then they are just like 0 just stop listening you know and i was like what do you mean i do not know like he is like i feel like i try to teach people stuff but like i am not following my own lessons yeah yeah like i am preaching stuff but i am not i am not doing the same thing you know and i was like 0 yeah he is like yeah i think i am just going to try to focus on what i am doing and then then teach them but not teach them lead by example okay people only listen to you when they see the results of what you are trying to preach ya know like if you telling hopeless you know you got to have this dedication but if you are not you do not have the dedication to do stuff then no one is going to okay yeah you are telling me but you are not you you come i was it you can not make you can not make anyone do anything you can only influence yeah that is that is yeah and the best influence you have seen me do this this is what you can achieve with what you if you do exactly what i did it is already up right here i should have because i i just i just realized that i created a i did a finger before somebody points it out belated the i was was a drawing the 3 parts of the brother finger where it bends la tortue and i just i just caught it right now i do not know if it was me like do like going up i am just talking to you just kind of like dozing off as that is what i am just most of stuff here it has to i can not be in the beginning process stages of it here yeah that is that is why i was going to come through with a fresh paper just like like or is going to bring that charcoal that charcoal with a clipboard but i love who is going to fit on here that is not to bring it so just to show honestly you are welcome anytime man like i am here if you are in the area i said do not come back for me and services i have been doing the same thing to you i do not think about that a lot like when it when when i am like when i was going to come here today honestly did not know what i am talking about series of questions and then when i asked you is like usually i ask questions just like now just whatever i am just i just do not know like know what exactly i had an idea i am like yeah we talked we can talk about hard stuff like you know anything that like probably like similar interests and stuff like that we are trying to understand each other we are talking similar interest how you definitely have the same interest but you know you grew up differently but like we can sit across from each other and draw and talk about you know topics that i took that when you said like 0 here here is animatrix i was like so would you do you have any any shows you might be going through this year or be trying to go to soon i mean yeah i mean i have got to a few but it is just i am just really like i get it if i know the people if i know the people they are like i will i will go but like i do not know like ahead of time like if i know that they are i am like focus on my schedule or whatever depending if i am getting off work late or something yeah yeah but right now i think transitioning to like get a job it like it is like i should be doing so i should be doing something better than i am doing now you know all right yeah anybody who i know like i like i will go to their art shows and stuff but it is just like if they but i got to like find out about in like a week ahead of time because i find out that they are just like 0 i guess to get home shower eat something i go 0 yeah definitely welcome you know if i hear anything 0 yeah man definitely just i think i mean with you just uploading on my ear like story yeah i will be able to see them i think it i think that is why i have done art i have done like our chose in the past but it is just like it is like i have never like put like 10 pieces on one or 2 pieces you know like there was this one in la mesa we i went to and this this this one girl had like at least like it was all like a like big ol like poster boards i shared a bunch of like watercolor pieces and it was like 20 different ones i was crazy and and i like this like you could tell like how she does her stuff and like just her like her unique style now just like dan that is bad ass yeah you were just working on that 1234 yeah little by little men there is no big big ones being 60 by 40 okay there is 60 60 by 40 okay okay dude when you were doing that 0 especially because it is so close to your house 15 20 minutes guys for me it takes me like half an hour 40 half an hour 40 but i prepare myself man because i like it man it is really fun i have not tried any of the other ones i think there is a couple more he can drinks from drinking and drawing tech chick yeah yeah but i do not know how yeah there is things up america mighty bad mary boy i do not know yeah she was she would host she would also do art hardly get togethers like a cafe love me too and i would always start with a i want like i am going to go home i go 0 my god and on my schedule just woody you know i will see here like she will post up the like like the address or whatever whatever they are going to be yet 0 yeah i am again i like i will be like yeah yeah i am michael today on michaels and i just never show up and i was be like you know it sucks sometimes i wait i waited a few tents for like the podcast like that for you to drop the length of the row arm just like yeah the preview farm and i am just like you know and then i just go on youtube and look to see the new ones are right now it has been good it has been recording if you are interested in like events like that or even like the pop up art shows yeah i have been i have been trying to i am in creating more this yeah it looks like you you are like in this flow yeah like i try to yeah i do not i do not post a lot on my like on my instagram post but i mean if people ever if they were looking at my stories either i am posting up funny as means or we are posting up like like sketches or something that i am working progress is that i am doing and then i will take i will take a picture of the final one on my on my story but i will not post it on my post because i was like sometimes i noticed this to me i will look at it i mean i all right this looks pretty good like it looks fine i will take a picture of it and they are just like i do not know if it is that my camera it just like it gives it the lip those little details just gives the camera just know it is like a it it is just like a weird like it i do not know if it like distorts it like the whole image is there but it is just like like find their little details is like to start something and i am just like yeah my name my phone but and that is why that is why it kind of helps me keeps me back from posting awesome yeah that is totally post them on my story cuz it is like they look okay i am sorry but when i post put them as a post it kind of like they look all weird yeah i have one i just thank god i do not know stan have you ever seen this no but he gave me a camera yeah you just licked me he was just like do i do not use it 0 yeah yeah he is all he is older dude he is older dude yeah even if it is not for like anything else but to be able to show your work alright no ya cuz ya cuz this one this one when i got done with that i put on my we have story i did not post it this this was this one along with like 3 other ones there on my instagram post but all these other ones are not like i should probably post this one on this one yeah i know sometimes the pictures get it that is best you can get out there and then if you get a better camera later i repost my stuff sometimes here and there just to make sure unless you are constantly showing on something i have not seen stuff for my friends in a while because they have not posted you know you kind of you can not just check yeah yeah be able to keep up with everybody is when i look at their stories yeah stories because if people were constantly put a new post yeah it is more like if they are creating a lot of stuff of that or whatever they are doing and they keep they keep posts and keep posting trust me there is going to be a 1001 people they are going to like it yeah i might not be like like like not in their legs in their circle there is probably some people like japan or asia or like i do not know over there in india a jet they are going to look at it they are going to start sending their people like hey look they are doing this they you like in them they are going to start everybody is i mean it is it is inevitable social media social media is blowing up as we speak you should i would i would you sure like a pusher to like start uploading is the camera dude but it is just like yeah it does not pick up the little tiny little bits that i want to be shown i want to get a i need you i want to get a printer because they are written stuff like i want like stencil out and i want to be able to print out the whole image that way i could look at staples 0 i use the prints of is not that the best kind of printer but it is enough for me 0 yeah just see yeah yeah so i can have some paper i want to get like one of these and then put like a mounted on their way just keep my phone on there because mostly when i am doing like a turn that drawing with charcoal piece i am like on my phone i have a pencil here and i have another pencil and i am just like then yeah then i am just like my hands tired of holding my phone that is what i say that is right that is the way i showed you how i stand put my knee on the temperature that is what i do you find a way thanks dude i appreciate it dude thank you for having me yeah for sure 0 can i get a hey if anybody if anybody wants to get their makeup done follow artistry by luna on histogram she got the hookups right now i do not know what this is going to be posted but she is doing like okay yeah followers she about nuna for all the females they want to get their makeup done and also follow out of the harbor on instagram yep shut up to grief artist thank supporting artists artistry right i will send senator a tow and all right so later you saw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKkbqY95Nmw

Juju professional gaming formula review hey what's up guys it's Josh here today I want to do a little review on this Juju gaming mix essentially gaming mixes are like a middle level of caffeine some nootropics and then some things to help with eye health because gamers are staring at their screen and that's really no different here I was looking through the juju selection and I found a few that didn't have artificial colors I went to their website they had this affiliate sign up thing so I wrote them a thing saying hey if you want to send me these to review I will review them because they don't have artificial colors and I think I would like them so the guys at Juju sent me two different flavors this one is the horchata flavor the other one was the blue Razz now again I'm like pretty much allergic to artificial colors I can't have them whatsoever so I opened up the blue Raz and it was all blue like the powder was the color blue when I looked on the side there was no natural blue listed and so I'm like well it's blue somehow I don't know how it's getting blue so anyways I'm just basically going to be doing the review on the horchata I've tried it for about two weeks now and I gotta say I really enjoyed it not gonna lie the second I smelled this thing I just wanted to pour a glass right there but it was at the end of the day so I was like oh I gotta wait till tomorrow but it just smells so good it smells like cinnamon milk now I'm not really too familiar with horchata I know it's like a Mexican drink and The Taste is really really good too but oh my goodness this smell it smells so good so as far as the taste I mean it's it's really Top Notch as far as pricing I think it's about 30 servings for 35 dollars which is pretty fair I just looked up before and G fuel is probably the most notorious gaming mix and they sell 40 servings for 35 dollars but all those G fuels have colors in them so I'm just really not about that life the overall effect that I get is really smooth enjoyable I was actually surprised to see that it contains 180 milligrams caffeine because it almost felt to me like a hundred 110 like I was was definitely getting some Awakening it didn't feel bad in any way and that could be due to the other ingredients so it's just very smooth very enjoyable very balanced and on top of that it has some really high quality ingredients so let's jump into them it's got you know vitamin C typical vitamin C it has vitamin D which is nice just in case you don't have time to go outside you're making sure to get that vitamin D multiple B vitamins but the thing that stands out to me is that they use this B12 as methylcobalan now it's methylcobalan dicalcium phosphate which I've actually never looked up but if you look up B12 and actually a lot of popular companies still do this there's a version of B12 called cyanocobalan which turns literally into cyanide in the body and it's used quite a bit you'd be surprised how often it's been put in blend sometimes in high quality Blends but most of the time when it's really high quality like this they will go for the methylcobalan and I just just looked on the G Fuel and they have the methylcobalan as well so another thing that I like is that it contains Himalayan sea salt now recently I've been on a really big craze of liking electrolyte mixes and there's something that I almost never want to go without I recommend that if you ever feel like you're having a funky heart rate or just something feels very off with your body I definitely recommend checking out electrolytes because almost nobody gets the recommended amount of electrolytes and I just feel so great on them a lot of other people feel so great on them and having it put in here so I'm always getting a little bit of electrolyte so drinking this mix isn't going to drain me really it's going to replenish a little bit of things I really really like that and I like that they use the Himalayan pink salt as well we got two different kinds of caffeine that's always my favorite I always prefer two different kinds of caffeine caffeine anhydrous is supposed to be the cheapest but to me it's the one that works right away and then you also have this natural caffeine which I find natural caffeine to be a little little bits deeper and stronger and long lasting so you get the best of both worlds here I love two different kinds you get a low dose of alpha GPC I think that's a low dose at 150 I don't know I feel like an average dose would be about 300 but just enough and I love choline Alpha GPC is a super high quality version of choline I always feel a little bit better I always like it in my energy mixes it kind of gives this balance out to caffeine to where it's it's a little bit more smooth to me it active it activates your brain nicely along with caffeine and then you have cordyceps mushrooms here now I'm actually a really really big fan of cordyceps mushrooms but they only have 100 milligrams it is the extract and I don't really know why they would put this in here I'm not sure maybe it helps with Eye Health I know that cordyceps is a very athletic mushroom like if you're going to use some mushrooms for athletic benefits cordyceps is probably the number one I think it boosts athletic performance it's really good for your lungs and it might increase fertility in men or an increased testosterone I'm not too sure on that it's a very physical type mushroom and technically it's actually not a mushroom it's a parasite which is kind of weird I love cordyceps don't really get why they put 100 milligrams in here but I really like it nonetheless Marigold flour extract now I actually could be wrong I did not look this up I'm pretty sure that's supposed to help with Eye Health but I'll go ahead and put it on screen if it has any other benefits a wife I actually skipped l-theanine now l-theanine is one of those supplements that I really really enjoy I think a very low dose alongside caffeine is literally perfect I've seen a couple other reviewers and other people in real life talk about it being it kind of slows you down a little bit if you take a lot of it you could almost take a little bit of it at night and it wouldn't feel 100 like a beer or something but it would give you a little bit of that ah that relaxed Zend out kind of effect I like how much they use in here only 50 milligrams which just which is just enough to kind of give you a little bit more smoothness without like with a pretty much a zero percent chance of slowing you down like 50 milligrams isn't going to slow you down but it might just kind of add a little bit to the blend making it more smooth and balanced similar to acetylcholine Alpha GPC okay I think we've got organic blueberry now I assume that is for the Eye Health but if I'm wrong I'll put it on screen but Copa moniera bacopa money we'll just go with bacopa and now bacopa is a supplement that I've seen lots and lots of race research on I've used multiple nootropics that contain it I've never used it on its own but the things that people say about it is absolutely Next Level it's one of the best brain boosting nootropics for sure one of the most talked about one of the most studied so it's nice that it's in this blend and then the last thing we got is black pepper fruit extract which should just increase the bioavailability of everything in the blend at least that's from my understanding from the research that I've done that's what it does so anyways guys I actually really enjoyed this product I do wish it was hair cheaper just because you only get 30 servings versus the 40 servings in the G fuel but I really really like this product very high quality packaging reflective and they used a lot of high quality things in here like I was saying the Himalayan pink salt so you get a little bit of electrolytes I absolutely love that they use the methylcobalan which G fuel does too so I got to give G fuel some props that they're using the methyl cobalon but I really have almost no problems with it the only problem I could think of is if you want like a crazy level of simulation you're probably not going to get it but at the same time no other of these gaming mixes really has like a high stem mix like most of the time they're in this 100 200 milligram range and there was even one called war games that only had like 75 so let me know if you tried Juju energy or Juju gaming mix and let me know what other nootropics I should try I'm interested in trying nootropics singularly like just trying it by itself and mixes as well kind of giving you guys a nice balance of reviews so anyways guys let me know what you think of JuJu energy we're on the road to 50 000 subscribers and I couldn't do without any of you guys I hope you guys are the best having a great out here hopefully having a great day at home see you all in the next video peace foreign [Music]

juju professional gaming formula review hey what is up guys it is josh here today i want to do a little review on this juju gaming mix essentially gaming mixes are like a middle level of caffeine some nootropics and then some things to help with eye health because gamers are staring at their screen and that is really no different here i was looking through the juju selection and i found a few that did not have artificial colors i went to their website they had this affiliate sign up thing so i wrote them a thing saying hey if you want to send me these to review i will review them because they do not have artificial colors and i think i would like them so the guys at juju sent me 2 different flavors this one is the horchata flavor the other one was the blue razz now again i am like pretty much allergic to artificial colors i can not have them whatsoever so i opened up the blue raz and it was all blue like the powder was the color blue when i looked on the side there was no natural blue listed and so i am like well it is blue somehow i do not know how it is getting blue so anyways i am just basically going to be doing the review on the horchata i have tried it for about 2 weeks now and i got to say i really enjoyed it not going to lie the 2nd i smelled this thing i just wanted to pour a glass right there but it was at the end of the day so i was like 0 i got to wait till tomorrow but it just smells so good it smells like cinnamon milk now i am not really too familiar with horchata i know it is like a mexican drink and the taste is really really good too but 0 my goodness this smell it smells so good so as far as the taste i mean it is it is really top notch as far as pricing i think it is about 30 servings for $35 which is pretty fair i just looked up before and g fuel is probably the most notorious gaming mix and they sell 40 servings for $35 but all those g fuels have colors in them so i am just really not about that life the overall effect that i get is really smooth enjoyable i was actually surprised to see that it contains 180 milligrams caffeine because it almost felt to me like a 100 110 like i was was definitely getting some awakening it did not feel bad in any way and that could be due to the other ingredients so it is just very smooth very enjoyable very balanced and on top of that it has some really high quality ingredients so let us jump into them it has got you know vitamin c typical vitamin c it has vitamin d which is nice just in case you do not have time to go outside you are making sure to get that vitamin d multiple b vitamins but the thing that stands out to me is that they use this b 12 as methylcobalan now it is methylcobalan dicalcium phosphate which i have actually never looked up but if you look up b 12 and actually a lot of popular companies still do this there is a version of b 12 called cyanocobalan which turns literally into cyanide in the body and it is used quite a bit you would be surprised how often it has been put in blend sometimes in high quality blends but most of the time when it is really high quality like this they will go for the methylcobalan and i just just looked on the g fuel and they have the methylcobalan as well so another thing that i like is that it contains himalayan sea salt now recently i have been on a really big craze of liking electrolyte mixes and there is something that i almost never want to go without i recommend that if you ever feel like you are having a funky heart rate or just something feels very off with your body i definitely recommend checking out electrolytes because almost nobody gets the recommended amount of electrolytes and i just feel so great on them a lot of other people feel so great on them and having it put in here so i am always getting a little bit of electrolyte so drinking this mix is not going to drain me really it is going to replenish a little bit of things i really really like that and i like that they use the himalayan pink salt as well we got 2 different kinds of caffeine that is always my favorite i always prefer 2 different kinds of caffeine caffeine anhydrous is supposed to be the cheapest but to me it is the one that works right away and then you also have this natural caffeine which i find natural caffeine to be a little little bits deeper and stronger and long lasting so you get the best of both worlds here i love 2 different kinds you get a low dose of alpha gpc i think that is a low dose at 150 i do not know i feel like an average dose would be about 300 but just enough and i love choline alpha gpc is a super high quality version of choline i always feel a little bit better i always like it in my energy mixes it kind of gives this balance out to caffeine to where it is it is a little bit more smooth to me it active it activates your brain nicely along with caffeine and then you have cordyceps mushrooms here now i am actually a really really big fan of cordyceps mushrooms but they only have 100 milligrams it is the extract and i do not really know why they would put this in here i am not sure maybe it helps with eye health i know that cordyceps is a very athletic mushroom like if you are going to use some mushrooms for athletic benefits cordyceps is probably the number one i think it boosts athletic performance it is really good for your lungs and it might increase fertility in men or an increased testosterone i am not too sure on that it is a very physical type mushroom and technically it is actually not a mushroom it is a parasite which is kind of weird i love cordyceps do not really get why they put 100 milligrams in here but i really like it nonetheless marigold flour extract now i actually could be wrong i did not look this up i am pretty sure that is supposed to help with eye health but i will go ahead and put it on screen if it has any other benefits a wife i actually skipped l theanine now l theanine is one of those supplements that i really really enjoy i think a very low dose alongside caffeine is literally perfect i have seen a couple other reviewers and other people in real life talk about it being it kind of slows you down a little bit if you take a lot of it you could almost take a little bit of it at night and it would not feel 100 like a beer or something but it would give you a little bit of that ah that relaxed zend out kind of effect i like how much they use in here only 50 milligrams which just which is just enough to kind of give you a little bit more smoothness without like with a pretty much a 0% chance of slowing you down like 50 milligrams is not going to slow you down but it might just kind of add a little bit to the blend making it more smooth and balanced similar to acetylcholine alpha gpc okay i think we have got organic blueberry now i assume that is for the eye health but if i am wrong i will put it on screen but copa moniera bacopa money we will just go with bacopa and now bacopa is a supplement that i have seen lots and lots of race research on i have used multiple nootropics that contain it i have never used it on its own but the things that people say about it is absolutely next level it is one of the best brain boosting nootropics for sure one of the most talked about one of the most studied so it is nice that it is in this blend and then the last thing we got is black pepper fruit extract which should just increase the bioavailability of everything in the blend at least that is from my understanding from the research that i have done that is what it does so anyways guys i actually really enjoyed this product i do wish it was hair cheaper just because you only get 30 servings versus the 40 servings in the g fuel but i really really like this product very high quality packaging reflective and they used a lot of high quality things in here like i was saying the himalayan pink salt so you get a little bit of electrolytes i absolutely love that they use the methylcobalan which g fuel does too so i got to give g fuel some props that they are using the methyl cobalon but i really have almost no problems with it the only problem i could think of is if you want like a crazy level of simulation you are probably not going to get it but at the same time no other of these gaming mixes really has like a high stem mix like most of the time they are in this 100 200 milligram range and there was even one called war games that only had like 75 so let me know if you tried juju energy or juju gaming mix and let me know what other nootropics i should try i am interested in trying nootropics singularly like just trying it by itself and mixes as well kind of giving you guys a nice balance of reviews so anyways guys let me know what you think of juju energy we are on the road to 50 0 subscribers and i could not do without any of you guys i hope you guys are the best having a great out here hopefully having a great day at home see you all in the next video peace foreign

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqZL--1bV8Y

don't take round 50 in the title too literal this could be around 70 round 100 even round 30 this is merely a milestone in your zombies career 50 I see is a pretty good milestone I still get excited when it gets around 50 and today I have 5 ways to get around 50 now these 5 ways are 5 ways to I myself have gotten to around 50 and maybe you can find one of the ways for yourself maybe something works out for you and and you can get to around 50 or like I said 70 100 whatever round you want to get to these are the ways that I've been through it and each of these ways I have 5 I'm gonna have a little bit of a story behind each one so prepare for that hope you guys enjoyed this video and basically I I just want everyone to be grated zombies I love playing zombies and you're only having fun when you're getting those high around so number one on the 5 ways to get sexy we have cheats that's right cheap so I originally before I'd say I got good at zombies I cheated you know you can get into a place where zombies can't hurt you you can you can cheat you could have unlimited ammo you know noclip whatever it is cheating is a way to get to round 50 I don't think it's the best way but let me tell you a little story so if you guys can remember the map 5 from call of duty black ops 1 there was a place in the spawn room whenever the game came out that you were able to jump up onto a window and then you could jump across to a table or even get on top of there's like a little ceiling section that you could look down and my cousin and I we went on there on like round two or three we had the Olympia and the m14 I think our highest round like ever was like 15 or something like that so we were super super happy about playing this game you know being in this cheap spot so he sat up there and I think we played until like round 10 or so and I was like wait a minute look the zombies are dying underneath us if you leave them alone so we left the controller down we're like alright let's go outside I know go outside that tells you how long ago this was what is the outside we went outside we came back when we were on round like 25 26 somewhere right in there they're like oh sweet let's just leave this right here let's go back out with each other let's come back tonight to around we are so you know all that happened we came back we were on round 54 and we're like cool let's jump down go get the ray gun and just Kelson zombies we jump down made it to the elevator and died like instantly so yeah that was around 50 but it wasn't very rewarding and it took all day for it to get there next up on the list we have solar race a friend of 50 now I used to do this a lot start at your skill level you know whether you're trying to get around 20 around 35 40 whatever it could be there you could be trying to race to 100 just get you and your friends together and say okay let's race and see who gets to this round first and whenever you get to that round don't stop there race to the next round you know and if you die just restart and hopefully the other person dies and eventually you're just going to be racing in that competition it's going to make you do better I've noticed that competition is one great form of motivation to getting better at anything so Solar is a friend it's really really good I recommend it that's I mean like I said these are how I have been you know that's how I've gotten good at zombies is just by doing these things so I used to race a friend on kino der toten 220 and then we moved that up to 40 and then you know in black ops 2 we moved it up to 100 and we would just race all the time and so you know we'd have like first places 80 second place of 70 third place of 60 right so you died it told you what place you got in that you can restart and try to race the number one but super fun I really do recommend it next up we have master one map this is the map - cheers is going to keep playing and keep playing and keep playing until you've mastered it until you can get around setting until you can get round 100 NOK there and totin this is a great map just to train on I love it I just I keep playing it because I want to get better at it I can see myself getting 100 on this map but I do need to keep playing it a lot more so next up we Helen let me tell you a little bit about mastering one map in in kino der toten again black ops 1 I played that map literally every single day like after school get home and play and get to like 30 and like yes like tomorrow gets around 40 and eventually I got to round 55 I remember that round because I was I was freaking out I was like yes that game took me like literally three days after school to get and I get to 55 and and the way I was doing is running the entire keno map the longest strategy of ever done and I eventually worked my way up to 60 and and once I was on 60 like I got to record this I gotta have this reprove and this is the way before YouTube so I got my mother's camera and set it up on a tripod it is recorded by Stuart screen on 60 you made it like two minutes and died because I was so worried about the km run like am i framed up am I getting everything so Master one map just it's it's so much fun next up we have get carry that's right you can get carried around 50 I remember on black ops 2 I would carry a lot of people 250 and then just quit but you know it's it's always good to have a good zombies partner that like if you're not so good and you have someone that's better than you it's always good to work with them because that will rub off on you you'll watch the way they move then you start moving like them and then eventually you're you're two of the same you could become zombie partners link today's story I have a friend let's call him drew we were playing ascension right and and we played up I was doing pretty terribly I think I'd like 10 downs and and he had like one or none probably and and we were on Ascension he has the Thunder got he had all the good stuff all I had was a crossbow and one Girish device and he was like okay you uh you clutched this round right I was like what and next thing I know like he's down and out like I could not even revive him he did something to instantly tell himself and he left me there with no weapons all I had was the cross well like I said and and an Agora device and I clutched I made it through that round and really after that round my fear of high rounds kind of went down the drain I mean if once you're left once you've been carried and you're left at a high round you feel it you know you it's like the adrenaline pump seen maybe you just have muscle rememory and you remember the actions and I got really really good at ascension ever since that game play like after I played around 65 completely by myself I just I felt more comfortable and solos and and lastly we have be awake and and this is where I'm at right now it's I think a lot of you know great zombie players are in this category it's just being aware it's knowledge basically it's something that I struggle trying to put through the mic you know I I try to make videos that help you you know being aware have been knowledgeable of zombies and it's it's it's hard you know it's two-way street I I'm trying to get better at this trying to get better at relaying what I'm talking about and zombies to the screen but you guys going to pick it up too if you see me do stuff practice it if you want to get better play these maps listen to some of the words of saying I've got I've got the correct words here but there's like I feel like I'm so close to cracking the code for just helping everyone be better at zombies so you know be where knowledge the easiest way is you know knowing where the zombies are going to be knowing what they're going to do what what you can walk faster than they can run that's like one part of it knowing how they train up each games a little different it's just it's just a whole mess that's the only way you can get it is just by playing so play be knowledgeable these are five ways to get around fifty trust me they're not the only five ways but I felt like this this is a good little stepping-stone in the right direction if you're wanting to get better at zombies so I hope you guys enjoyed this video and it was a long one but I felt like it must have been done you guys seem to be really really liking the light top fives and zombies although I don't say top five let me know what you want down below like what what's the next video going to be about thank you so much for the support knock there and totin love the map hope you guys enjoyed the video peace

do not take round 50 in the title too literal this could be around 70 round 100 even round 30 this is merely a milestone in your zombies career 50 i see is a pretty good milestone i still get excited when it gets around 50 and today i have 5 ways to get around 50 now these 5 ways are 5 ways to i myself have gotten to around 50 and maybe you can find one of the ways for yourself maybe something works out for you and and you can get to around 50 or like i said 70 100 whatever round you want to get to these are the ways that i have been through it and each of these ways i have 5 i am going to have a little bit of a story behind each one so prepare for that hope you guys enjoyed this video and basically i i just want everyone to be grated zombies i love playing zombies and you are only having fun when you are getting those high around so number one on the 5 ways to get sexy we have cheats that is right cheap so i originally before i would say i got good at zombies i cheated you know you can get into a place where zombies can not hurt you you can you can cheat you could have unlimited ammo you know noclip whatever it is cheating is a way to get to round 50 i do not think it is the best way but let me tell you a little story so if you guys can remember the map 5 from call of duty black ops one there was a place in the spawn room whenever the game came out that you were able to jump up onto a window and then you could jump across to a table or even get on top of there is like a little ceiling section that you could look down and my cousin and i we went on there on like round 2 or 3 we had the olympia and the m 14 i think our highest round like ever was like 15 or something like that so we were super super happy about playing this game you know being in this cheap spot so he sat up there and i think we played until like round 10 or so and i was like wait a minute look the zombies are dying underneath us if you leave them alone so we left the controller down we are like alright let us go outside i know go outside that tells you how long ago this was what is the outside we went outside we came back when we were on round like 25 26 somewhere right in there they are like 0 sweet let us just leave this right here let us go back out with each other let us come back tonight to around we are so you know all that happened we came back we were on round 54 and we are like cool let us jump down go get the ray gun and just kelson zombies we jump down made it to the elevator and died like instantly so yeah that was around 50 but it was not very rewarding and it took all day for it to get there next up on the list we have solar race a friend of 50 now i used to do this a lot start at your skill level you know whether you are trying to get around 20 around 35 40 whatever it could be there you could be trying to race to 100 just get you and your friends together and say okay let us race and see who gets to this round 1st and whenever you get to that round do not stop there race to the next round you know and if you die just restart and hopefully the other person dies and eventually you are just going to be racing in that competition it is going to make you do better i have noticed that competition is one great form of motivation to getting better at anything so solar is a friend it is really really good i recommend it that is i mean like i said these are how i have been you know that is how i have gotten good at zombies is just by doing these things so i used to race a friend on kino der toten 220 and then we moved that up to 40 and then you know in black ops 2 we moved it up to 100 and we would just race all the time and so you know we would have like 1st places 82nd place of 73rd place of 60 right so you died it told you what place you got in that you can restart and try to race the number one but super fun i really do recommend it next up we have master one map this is the map cheers is going to keep playing and keep playing and keep playing until you have mastered it until you can get around setting until you can get round 100 nok there and totin this is a great map just to train on i love it i just i keep playing it because i want to get better at it i can see myself getting 100 on this map but i do need to keep playing it a lot more so next up we helen let me tell you a little bit about mastering one map in in kino der toten again black ops one i played that map literally every single day like after school get home and play and get to like 30 and like yes like tomorrow gets around 40 and eventually i got to round 55 i remember that round because i was i was freaking out i was like yes that game took me like literally 3 days after school to get and i get to 55 and and the way i was doing is running the entire keno map the longest strategy of ever done and i eventually worked my way up to 60 and and once i was on 60 like i got to record this i got to have this reprove and this is the way before youtube so i got my mother is camera and set it up on a tripod it is recorded by stuart screen on 60 you made it like 2 minutes and died because i was so worried about the km run like am i framed up am i getting everything so master one map just it is it is so much fun next up we have get carry that is right you can get carried around 50 i remember on black ops 2 i would carry a lot of people 250 and then just quit but you know it is it is always good to have a good zombies partner that like if you are not so good and you have someone that is better than you it is always good to work with them because that will rub off on you you will watch the way they move then you start moving like them and then eventually you are you are 2 of the same you could become zombie partners link today is story i have a friend let us call him drew we were playing ascension right and and we played up i was doing pretty terribly i think i would like 10 downs and and he had like one or none probably and and we were on ascension he has the thunder got he had all the good stuff all i had was a crossbow and one girish device and he was like okay you you clutched this round right i was like what and next thing i know like he is down and out like i could not even revive him he did something to instantly tell himself and he left me there with no weapons all i had was the cross well like i said and and an agora device and i clutched i made it through that round and really after that round my fear of high rounds kind of went down the drain i mean if once you are left once you have been carried and you are left at a high round you feel it you know you it is like the adrenaline pump seen maybe you just have muscle rememory and you remember the actions and i got really really good at ascension ever since that game play like after i played around 65 completely by myself i just i felt more comfortable and solos and and lastly we have be awake and and this is where i am at right now it is i think a lot of you know great zombie players are in this category it is just being aware it is knowledge basically it is something that i struggle trying to put through the mic you know i i try to make videos that help you you know being aware have been knowledgeable of zombies and it is it is it is hard you know it is 2 way street i i am trying to get better at this trying to get better at relaying what i am talking about and zombies to the screen but you guys going to pick it up too if you see me do stuff practice it if you want to get better play these maps listen to some of the words of saying i have got i have got the correct words here but there is like i feel like i am so close to cracking the code for just helping everyone be better at zombies so you know be where knowledge the easiest way is you know knowing where the zombies are going to be knowing what they are going to do what what you can walk faster than they can run that is like one part of it knowing how they train up each games a little different it is just it is just a whole mess that is the only way you can get it is just by playing so play be knowledgeable these are 5 ways to get around 50 trust me they are not the only 5 ways but i felt like this this is a good little stepping stone in the right direction if you are wanting to get better at zombies so i hope you guys enjoyed this video and it was a long one but i felt like it must have been done you guys seem to be really really liking the light top 5s and zombies although i do not say top 5 let me know what you want down below like what what is the next video going to be about thank you so much for the support knock there and totin love the map hope you guys enjoyed the video peace

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2aaoqgllTY

good morning and welcome to the 15th meeting of the public audit and post legislative scrutiny committee in 2018 we have received apologies from Ian gray this morning item 1 decision on taking business in private do we agree to take items 3 in private thank you item 2 is post legislative scrutiny biodiversity and biodiversity reporting duties I'd like to welcome our participants this morning and thank them for coming along the purpose of the evidence session is to hear directly from stakeholders on the extent to which they consider that the biodiversity and reporting duties placed on public bodies have been successful and what if any improvements could be made we would like the discussion to be free-flowing and you are welcome to ask questions of each other however we still want some structure so please indicate to me or the Clarkes here if you would like to contribute when you speak your microphone will be activated automatically so there's no need for you to touch it can I ask all MSPs and participants to very briefly introduce themselves before we begin I'll start I am Jenny Mara and member of the Scottish Parliament for Northeast Scotland and convener of this committee I'm team Academy face chair of Scottish Environment Lincoln Liam care I am the I'm also a member for the Northeast Scotland and deputy convener of this committee Sala Thomas I am director people in nature for Scottish Natural Heritage I like Neil MSP for every insurance I give my apologies in advance I need to leave it 10:34 don't already finished by then I'm Fiona Stewart I'm director of estates and facilities at national museum Scotland : bt MSP firm at Lothian north and muscle borough Alison Anderson green space team leader for Dundee City Council bill Bowman member for the northeast of Scotland also Oh Chester now I'm will a coffee MSP for kamalakannan from Valley I'm Lloyd Austin I'm head of conservation policy for rsbv Scotland thank you very much indeed the first theme is how we believe public bodies understand the biodiversity and reporting duties placed on them I wouldn't ask Holland BT to kick off I think that this whole scrutiny started because of a perception which came forward that perhaps public bodies were not understanding the role were not carrying out the reporting that that was that was a duty that was placed on them do you think that public bodies value and understand this reporting process given the fact that only 44 percent of public bodies actually respond which means 56 percent don't bother for one reason another what's your take on that do you think do you think they actually understand what they're supposed to do they understand the importance who of our witnesses would like to kick off is the do is the duty understood Lloyd wide Austin yeah thank you Covina I think the honest answer would be that it's mixed you know I think the figures that you quoted in terms of the number of respond ease and obviously the reports on the substance of each of the reports that have has been done suggests that it's mixed and I think that probably does kind of highlight one kind of floor in the process rather than the understanding of the individual public bodies and that is that it's there's a kind of assumption that every public body should do exactly the same thing and I think that's one of the problems in terms of what what we in the NGOs viewers the missing stage in the biodiversity duty and strategy process in a sense that we have a strategy and we have a duty to report on actions duty to report on the implementation strategy that the strategy isn't converted into clear actions as to who does what when and therefore is very difficult for the public what is to know actually what they are expected to do what when and how and if if those actions were slightly clearer then it would be easier for the responsible bodies to report clearly on the actions that had been assigned to them you believe that there's no clarity how the reporting should take place is that no I think there is guidance on how the reporting takes place yes but I think it's in terms of the actions linking the actions to the overall priority species and habitats that are on the biodiversity list and so on and the actions are needed for the conservation of those species as opposed to just general good practice for biodiversity that's that's the area that's the challenge I think Sally Thomas could I just comment in response to that so the Scottish Government as I assure you aware undertook an evaluation after the first round of reporting and in response to that one of the things they asked S&H to do is develop to develop some further guidance and information reporting templates and case studies to help public bodies and actually stressing that you know it isn't it isn't necessary that every public body needs to report in the same way and that there are a whole range of activities which bodies undertake which can contribute to their duty and certainly anecdotally we we've heard feedback that that has been very helpful to public bodies in terms of the way they report so there has been a lot of work done in the last couple of years to try and make it easier for what is to understand what it is they're required to report against and how the work that they undertake as part there you know day-to-day running of their organization can contribute and help to contribute to delivering the duty create Mikado I think that though that if you look at some of the reports that are coming in for this round the reporting there's still some confusion over what the outcome that they were meant to be reporting against is because some of the ports are heavily into sustainability and very little biodiversity so I think as Lord says you know actually defining the outcome that you want from that that from the biodiversity duty and then reporting against that would clarify things Fiona Stewart I concur with what has been said in terms of defining the outcome and providing I think a no response we said in general we felt as an uneven level of understanding of the duties across the bodies and I think it comes down to oversee by the outcomes making them a bit more clear for the different types of organisations and sizes of organizations to be able to respond to war if you want to correct me if I'm wrong I think your submission said that you know the biodiversity duty or biodiversity wasn't a core function of what you do the National Museums of Scotland's I mean do you think actually there shouldn't be this duty on public bodies to report I think there's a benefit to raising the profile of biodiversity and obviously improving what we do as we did say that it's not necessary our core business but we do we did do report and we collated information from our learning and programs and our natural science colleagues to sure what we do in terms of biodiversity else mandersohn I just like to agree miss Lloyd I think Dundee said I can only speak for Dundee City Council and I can't speak for local authorities but you know our area I'm sure you'll be aware that it's a it's a very urban area it's a really tight administrative boundary we have lots of different competing priorities to deal with and we we don't have a biodiversity off so and we're not part of it we don't have a local biodiversity partnership so we would welcome some guidance some tailored guidance I think for Dundee about where we fit in the national scheme of things and if you asked and onions what's significant biodiversity is they'll come up with Robins blue tees and and and to be honest in a national scheme of things that's that they are important but they're not of national significance we have invasive species but yet looking at the the Scottish biodiversity strategy there are other things that we we we don't have any influence on so it'd be really nice to have a kind of link between what we are locally and what we can do nationally and and really be tailor to them D also depreciate some guidance okay that's useful and how do you feel as an individual local authority about the duty to report um you'll be aware that we haven't reported in the first round but we actually have done for a second yes I can report which is not on the website we sent the link in December but it still hasn't been put off the website so I assumed that it had been and I looked last week and it wasn't there so I kind of since an email and it's been confirmed that they received the link but it's not up on the website this is submitted to the Scottish Government so you feel from local authorities point of view you've done the work on this you've submitted the information but there hasn't nothing's been done with it no that's useful to know any further points here at this there anyone like to you know I think my question was what is the duty useful um to the duty to report Lloyd Austin yes yes I think it is useful I entirely take Sally's point about the guidance and work Scottish government that's done to make it easier but I think there's more that can be done in that direction and I think that there's more to be done I think as Alison said to to give a clearer steer in a sense as to what are the national priorities that the Scottish Government is trying to achieve in the in the interest it's it's the sort of national commitment to the significant species and habitats that we should be focusing our attention on and identifying what needs to be done for those priorities beaches and habitats and and therefore the the attention should more be identify which public bodies are the key ones for those key actions and and focusing the reporting and the delivery on those ones rather than encouraging reporting on lots of good but not necessarily those key things delivering the national priorities if that makes sense I mean I don't think we should discourage activity in other areas but in terms of the national policy priorities its to reverse the decline in the state of nature and focusing on the key actions that can do that is the key issue in my view okay Alec meal on port Lloyd has just said in that is at the moment there was a long list of public organisations required to on a statutory basis provide these reports and the danger is there are so many reports so many organisations reporting that nobody is looking at this you know across the piece and as you see not actually pursuing the National Priorities but perhaps getting diverted into also so cul de sacs that are not adding a great deal to biodiversity so is it a need to streamline the number of public authorities who do these reports or a statutory basis that doesn't stop people doing it in a non statute to basis but around the national priorities and is that a need to give eboydee such as SNH or the Department of the Environment under Rosanna Cunningham the statutory duty to as aware pull the thing together a national label which I don't think really happens just know well if I may I'm sorry to hog but what mr. Neil's described as what I described earlier the missing link in the steps of the implementation of the biodiversity strategy and that is pulling together at a national level the action plan of yeah needs to be done by whom for the key national priorities and I think putting that on a statutory basis and then flexing the reporting procedures so that it focuses on those national actions would be absolutely the right way of focusing resources and effort on the key priorities I think that's maybe a recommendation that okay possibly indeed Thank You mr. Neal Allison Anderson having said what I've said I think it is really important locally and for Dundee City Council to have some kind of reporting mechanism because I think we could do more for biodiversity locally and to get that buy-in it's really really important so I don't know how you square that one let me ask you Allison just before I bring William care and our public bodies adequately resourced to comply with these reporting duties I mean I'm very aware of the pressures on your local authority in terms of social work education and all the key things we expect local authorities to do are we expecting too much of local authorities to ask them to have this to do this report as well in the current climate and current financial climate is it adequately resourced in one level I think it is I mean I can we can pull together a report about what we're doing for biodiversity of relatively easily but I think the information underpinning that that reporting is it's socially missing in Dundee we haven't had a wildlife server so they carried out in Dundee since the year 2000 so we're talking about information that's 18 years old fortunately we've been able to rectify that and we're getting quotes back actually tomorrow about getting every survey of our local wildlife sites but there we're doing actions but I don't think we really understand whether we're impacting positively on biodiversity anecdotally yes of course but I mean we've got red squirrels we have gray squirrel control and that stuff I actually know how many bicycles are there just as interest by wives of that 18-year gap since that kind of surveys been done priorities yeah okay fair enough Liam care a couple of questions arising from what's been said first of all the the cost of producing a report right so how are public bodies actually resourcing this in terms of I I would have thought if you have a statutory obligation to produce a report you'll probably need some specialist employee and or some training for current employees to produce whatever it is that you're supposed to produce and that indeed begs a question is there a template how much detail does one have to go into is that mandated i before us something else could do could someone tell me that yeah how do you resource this as a public body funeral Alison George yes as I said before we don't we're not we don't have a local by diversity partnership we don't have a bio diversity officer per se but thirty years ago I was employed as dun da ba ma life project officer by the then Nature Conservancy Council Scotland and I've although my role has changed significantly that people always come to me about biodiversity because they assume that I still know but presumably then you have to just stop whatever it is that you're doing on a day-to-day level to produce a report and and to be honest that's happening more and more right as as the staff compliment shrinks should become multifunctional and how much time does pre-production of one of these reports take your organization how much time did the report that we've done no to be honest I can't remember but so we have a lot of it in our heads so we just sit down and write can I throw that same question into fiona Stewart because it's you were saying in in the great scheme of things you don't necessarily have so much biodiversity going on with the neuron so how much time is your organization spending resourcing the production like house it's difficult to say a specific amount of hours days and such it's it's the staff resource time and expertise to pull together the aspects it's we pull together a range of things which are done across the organization to form our biodiversity report so we don't have a biodiversity officer we don't have that expertise and specialists in terms of writing this report so through a sustainable development group we have added this to one of the actions that we do to pull together the information to form the report so we do stop doing other things to enable us to have the time to do this and what happens yeah so so you produce a report so Alison you were talking about you've produced this thing put it in if I may be blunt who who reads it like who gets it and what happens if you don't further conservation who checks it who decides this is the Dundee Council RSPB and are not sufficiently doing whatever you're supposed to be doing and what are the sanctions it's not being posted by soosh government is that correct but it's on our website right on your website yeah so if you did biodiversity report didn't undo it but it would come up hopefully um who sanctions it obviously that has gone through our elected members them to our committees and seen by chief officers and staff to say no but what what happens if you don't do let's say you just don't produce the report to be honest we didn't produce the first report and what happened nothing well well no no no no that's it was noticed by our community who actually said you haven't done this and I think that's that's it was great from from from from my my perspective because it actually got us together and started us thinking about how we could get the next one together so I mean help to be honest so that we were brought to task by our community the community our sins at community groups with a specific interest in the environment yeah yeah just very briefly first of all our SBB is not a public body so we we don't do one of these reports we are a very active partner in a lot of biodiversity projects around the country both nationally and locally but from a non public body perspective I think the issues you're raising really underlying this issue about ensuring that the resort whatever resources are expended on these things are expended on the most important actions and activities and that there is some form of feedback loop that checks whether or not the actions that are necessary to deliver biodiversity are done and I think that applies equally to the Scottish government as it does to the the other public bodies if you see what I mean so the duty applies the ministers as well as to public bodies and the ministers produce a three-year Lea report that it submits to Parliament as well and Parliament is the onerous should be responsible for scrutinizing and checking up that ministerial report and that's again something that hasn't had much attention I think the Environment Committee did once have a brief session on on looking at one of those reports but not much more than that has happened so I think identifying that the priority actions and then checking up on whether those priority actions has happened is an important issue that I think scrutiny of this kind could encourage more often I'd like to bring in Alastair key to tell us about his public body in the impact of this reporting duty on NHS Ayrshire and Arran and then I'm going to bring in Willie coffee but I will come back to you Liam if if you'd like mister King just echo yeah the dollars that we have allotted no resource for that reporting requirement and unfortunately yes it's monastery and not therefore we we do we do come a complete reports from the good well of people are very take heed interest within the organization to improve mainly public health and our sustainable management stealing grip take on board as part of our forms part of our aim and sustainability policy and but in terms of resource no we don't have any any assistance or any anything within the organization to help we feel we should be active more a creation of commitment nationally to help mainstream this and give resourcing to the board's NHS boards accordingly to help a mass also transform our adora state and to also help us fully meets the requirements of the biodiversity JT you'd need more money from the Scottish Government to properly meet these duties resource to assess okay the good thing about the clover may adds the good thing about the reporting is fir benefit it shows what can be done with absolutely no resource we've not spent any of our capital expenditure in NHS on our program works we have all done the T or achievements have been done with funding externally to the organization yeah demonstrator projects around our green space initiatives and biodiversity across the states it's all been tied it without a funding from the actual capital it's not again it's not seen as I call it business for us in any way whatsoever it's very difficult okay I mean mr. key your energy manager for NHS your Sheridan are and so imagine you're under a lot of pressure to reduce electricity bills and all that to get costs down but does it fall does this biodiversity duty fall to you and your team to manage then I'm just out just on one person there and I can't look after sustainability in an environment that falls on the sustainability we met yep so can I assess where to try and pull the force together Thank You Willie coffee I was give you access to maybe remain dear friends and colleagues the purpose of the thing is to try to trick the nature conservation and I got a public process isn't suppose the reporting is at the tail end of the public bodies all otherwise Harvard haven't achieved that and I'm looking at the submission from a colleague from each near Salonika who can attend a bit she's Satan a couple of examples with it's becoming wood embedded and practice with any steer so for example to consider protection through planning and building standards they're already doing that and what they also do is they LT a maintain a protected species service at European Union guidance or now when they're considering maintenance and capital programs and stuff so the beginning team paid less and I think that's probably the value of the processes rather than really to report quite like to read the report so I think there's a sense that is becoming embedded it's becoming it's a it's certainly a nice deer show that was just asked called if you get that sense across the rest of Scotland is that taking place if not the reporting itself Creek macadam would like to come in on this yeah just say just before you speaking that and that they're all idea this is about mainstreaming biodiversity and getting you know your your everyday activity is to be thinking about how how you can help biodiversity so it doesn't necessarily have to cost much to do that you know it could be about reducing your your mowing regime on your your green space or your Road verges you know so that's a some potentially a cost savings yeah but it's really about how you can adjust what you're doing and to make sure that biodiversity is getting taken into consideration in the same way that our impact on the climate or energy or whatever is is being taken into consideration in decision making um I was just going to say that I'm like the the evaluation of the reports that the first reports kind of read it it says that just because people help public bodies aren't producing reports doesn't mean to say they're not doing anything for biodiversity one of the reasons why bring this report together so quickly it's because we are doing such a lot and we hope we have them for a number of years local development plan has a couple of policies that protect local wildlife sites and wildlife corridors we've got green network guidance we have a number of operations and sites and things so just because we didn't produce a report the first time around didn't mean to say we weren't doing anything and it is relatively well embedded I think we could do more obviously but okay okay Bill Pullman because I was sitting next to Alice and I could have a quick look at the Dundee plan which you say is on the website there's just a couple of things just you say that Terry site as a whole does not have formal biological record a biological recording center unlike Fife and Aberdeen and then you also say that the new Tayside biodiversity action plan excludes Dundee is this just a sort of a mosaic but it's not joined up yes tradition traditionally we haven't had a local record center there's been a number of attempts to set one up and I think that's why and I was ability but reticent in bringing a report forward because we I think we need more information and and I know that it's going to be a resource cost for sure and and take on what's required in the report is that what what you know more information about you say you need more information is that more guidance or know what should be in the report I mean biological information sorry right so the local record center would collect together biological records for a certain area we don't have that that kind of baseline information there which five does and Aberdeen does but I think Tayside if I'm right still doesn't have a local record center doesn't have a central repository for local records so it's difficult to like I said before it's difficult to tell whether you're going the right direction or not because you don't have that baseline information and that getting these biological records together is but it's resource intensive nice always never been this I'm going to bring in one of the policy people on that point Krieg macadam yes so and number of years ago I was involved with biological recording in Scotland and brought a petition to the Parliament which ended up with the establishment of Scottish biodiversity information forum now that has now been going for I think four or five years and has just it's just putting together the business case for how we deal with biological recording across Scotland to make sure we have got that coverage and because it was when we petition together we we saw that there was a this patchwork of different types of record centers the museum in in Dundee does collect records but it's not a functioning record so it doesn't do that all the services like you know planning searches and things like that and but the idea is that this and the Scottish write about the information forums business plan if you like will establish recording across record record centers of a tape across Scotland okay what else like to come in on that point or no I'm just I just want to make sure everyone okay Alison just respond to Craig yes McManus do collect records but they don't actually put them on at any any kind of system so if you're asking if you ask a question can I have some information of that X there will be quite old records rather than what is quite okay so there's an information point there Alex Neil so recommendation in there we should make it that whichever national body as Charles was proving all this together should actually try and get a you know a national rule all the local databases together to try to gain national picture because it seems as though a lot of information may be get raw data may be getting Clayton that's not being used as effectively as it could be as we tease that out because we're putting all this evidence to the cabinet's actually next week and it's a good example of the difficulties public bodies are having and in fulfilling the reporting requirements : BTW thank you we've heard quite a few bits and pieces about four there are weaknesses in the system and things could be done differently and so on what could the Scottish government do that would make it all what better is it is it this is it the Scottish government that could take action to make this work better Sally Thomas become behalf the Scottish Government no I think he's asking your opinion as to how this could work better who needs to take action well we work very closely with government so I wouldn't I'm not really in a position to go into detail on some of the work that's already underway certainly we've we recognize after the first round reporting in 2015 that there were some I suppose difficulties with public bodies understanding and that's why we put in place the work on the evaluation and the guidance and the templates and so forth there are a number I suppose of glitches in the system which we could look at to see whether they would work better I mean currently biodiversity Duty reports are it's not a requirement to submit them to government it's advised there's a you know there's this we could look at the scope whether that should become mandatory or should it come directly to SNH for example for us to publish on the website we currently do that but they're forwarded on from scottish government so there are those sort of process issues which we could certainly look at within government but i can't i can't comment on on what government should or shouldn't do i think because we are too close to the process working with government fine okay would anyone else like to answer Lloyd Austin I think there's a few things I would say that government could do I think first of all on the information question that was discussed earlier and government could give backing to the ideas from the Scottish biodiversity information forum about how all that information can be better collected and managed I think a reconsideration of the sort of priority action planning process that I spoke about earlier and some steer to other departments within government as well as public bodies would be a useful step that Scottish government could take I think Scotia government I think also needs to recognize that itself is a public body in in in this kind of discussion and that some better coordination of that our integration and embedding us was the phrase that was used earlier of biodiversity across different government functions agriculture planning transport etc might be another thing that could be government could do and I think in terms of the contribution to the sort of global picture I think we need to recognize that this Duty stems from the Convention on conservation of biodiversity that began at Rio in in 92 but currently everybody is working towards what's called the Aichi targets for 2020 which were agreed at the conference of the parties in Japan in 2010 and are going to be reviewed at the next conference of parties in 2020 what sorry just for the official report mr. Austin the what targets Aichi targets I called it it's AI CH I it's a town in Japan where the targets were globally agreed okay and SNH produced a very useful report recently on the progress in Scotland towards delivering those those targets but we were on track in only six out of 20 so I think there's some work to be done or whether the press release highlighted that we were the first to report that we were only on track for six out of 20 okay Sally Thomas if I could just come in on that I think I think there is a danger that we conflate too many things into the biodiversity Duty I mean the the Duty is is around public bodies and the way they exercise their functions it's not a duty to deliver against the international targets clearly though those targets are extremely relevant and some of the the public bodies who have a lead role in delivering on some of the targets we are working very close with them and that will be and is reflected in their biodiversity duty reports because that's you know a large proportion of the activity that they're currently undertaking working with us to do that but I think we just need to be careful we don't we don't conflate a number of different things which are set up for different purposes that's not to say I don't agree on the need to kind of prioritize action just as a kind of a further point as part of the biodiversity strategy delivery SNH has set up a number of what are called delivery agreements with some of the key public bodies who are delivering with us on a whole range of partnerships projects many of which contribute to those international ihe targets and those have been very helpful for those bodies in terms of how they frame their duty reports because it gives them a clear set of priorities which they're working to which they've committed to and which they can then feed through into the way that they are performing when they come to produce their report okay Creek macadam just before you started that the second part of your point there I was going to say that you know the ax targets are important because you know they should be what is driving our national targets and then down to the local targets so I think in this context of the biodiversity Duty because if a public body doesn't know what they need to do as Allison has said about what do we have to do to help with the national targets if those national targets are based on what we need to do to meet nature targets then that should all flow through there but the key bit that's missing is what does a public body have to do to meet those targets okay I'm going to bring in Allison Anderson then I'm going to try and pull this discussion together a bit so if people can think about any final or points that they need to raise or want to raise Allison Anderson just to follow up what Sonny was just saying I think Dundee City Council we very much welcome some help with the delivery agreement from SNH and I think that that was a good to bring that up because I read your evidence to help link inserting this together happy to do that okay the Alex Neil just emphasize the point we've just made because I think that's a very important point and I think what Craig Craig me from wrong was seeing what might they'll see it and outcomes not what you're doing or how you're doing it but actually putting the outcomes out visa for you the Tarkan's so maybe one of the recommendations we should consider depending on what we hear from the cabinet secretary next week is that the duty should relate directly to achieving the targets rather than just a list of what you're doing and so on because in the sense that's almost irrelevant what matters is achieving the targets and it seems to me we should shift the emphasis completely in terms of the reporting towards the outcomes rather than the internal processes why Justin I'm gonna agree with Daniel again very firmly because I think that the link to the National targets which are drawn from the international targets and the actions are necessary to meet those national targets whether that's by national public bodies or local public bodies or by other departments of government that is the focus those are the actions that we need to see and we need to ensure that the reporting is on actions that deliver outcomes and if we look at our national data on our biodiversity we see that we are not meeting those national biodiversity outcomes and then the need therefore is to in a sense reduce the effort on reporting on process and increase the effort on delivering actions that deliver outcomes and focus the reporting and the scrutiny on whether those actions that deliver outcomes are being taken okay I think that's I think that's quite a good naught to bring our discussion together but Liam Kerr alright I'll try and bring it together but just on outcomes that we can take and their reporting cycles I just east Dumbarton Shire Council we talked about I a reporting duty or to report to be published on the 1st of January that covers the previous three years now I didn't quite see where that came from but a I guess it will be accurate Eastern Barton's you were suggesting that that is actually problematic because of course it's the 1st of January and there will be time off in that that means the report is not that it will be front loaded so actually it won't capture what's been done in perhaps the last six months is that a reasonable concern and if so would it be better not to have a report on duty on the 1st of January and have it pushed back is that something that would mr. Kerr can I take that question and add a little bit to it because my final question was what chain if what if any changes would you like to see in the statutory requirements ie the reporting duty inclusive of the deadlines as Liam Kerr raised but are there any other changes you would like to see and do you agree with Dumbarton shares point that that deadline should be changed can I ask maybe the public bodies Fiona Stewart I mean with send their response we thought it'd be appropriate for the list of public bodies to whom the duties apply to be reconsidered and to focus on the bodies to whom the duties are more directly rather than and if the list of bodies were to remain as at present we suggested it be beneficial for reporting requirement engagements would be in a much more proportionate basis appropriate the different types and sizes of organizations and in terms of a deadline yes first to Joe Henry it's maybe not the easiest date him to achieve so something mid year not financial year end with ok then officials certainly Thank You Fiona Alison Anderson as the the deadlines for the reporting when we sent our report it actually missed off a few months to be honest because we had to get to a committee we had to prepare it well in advance with time skills the staff as well so you you are missing a few months but I would presume that I could tuck it on to the next one and it would be relatively flexible but I was also going to say that just out to Fiona what's Fiona said it I think the duty has to be proportionate I mean not all local authorities are the same as you know Dundee has a really tight administrative boundary it's very very urban and yet you know Highlands Islands B it's completely different with a complete set of birds it's a different set of biodiversity and different priorities so I think there has to be some kind of proportionality yeah and of course the public bodies are mentioning I assume for Alastair keen for Fiona Stewart for national museums and for NHS it's a matter of getting the report ready and getting it past the chief executive widows for councils it's a different kettle of fish isn't it because you've got to take it to committee that takes weeks for papers to be tabled and all that process so it's may be that that needs to be considered as well Alistair key would you like to see if there's any changes certainly to the 1st of January deadline not any other changes just like to see to the statutory requirements that would help you with this I think in terms of the generated Lehner it'd be good to maybe tie it into November along with the climate change reporting that would that would help him because the papers could go through the governance procedures in which County maybe up to three months to go through the various board trips in so yeah maybe bring it forward would be beneficial in be good also to capture it and their reports the impacts of the interventions on the natural environment that have been carried out aim and perhaps with the review and identity of good the good practice across the public bodies with a view to sharing a and also the learning and promoting collaboration between boards but the realization of NHS could be the fact that even the kind of four regions they do their own biodiversity reports and regional for regional working that might be a possibility as well okay any further point Willy coffee I was just hoping to bring up the issue of Public Engagement and the whole process and we're at sets how does the public get involved in the process - they didn't notice that reports aren't posted and there's that when they come and not did they get involved in early stages and Lloyd when I was chanting really was talking about lot with project and the Carmel Valley so just wondering how does the public engage of the process and sheep what it becomes and should they be much more involved in the process looking forward would any of the public bodies like to comment or shy bring in one of the policy people who would like to answer Lloyd Austin you look like you want to Sam I'll come on to the coffee's question because I was going to say something about the previous things I'm not sure where the date came from to be honest the the statue actually says that the base date is the date when the wildlife and natural environment Scotland Act came into force so it probably stems from that annual reporting deadline you're talking about okay yeah so but I see no reason why we would object to ministers trying to change that date if it if it makes things more practical and deliverable in terms of the cycle of public body process I think the one thing I would change about the Duty is is the issue about focusing on priorities and actions that deliver outcomes as we discussed earlier and I think actually that may be where one of the issues about the public may be getting involved because many of the priority actions that the BOD versus strategy at the moment is is in the form of a Scottish government called the route map which has a series of priority projects and each of those projects has a series of partners RSVP as a partner in in many of them as as our other voluntary organisations and the public of area all through those different individual projects and I think that is the way that the public and most benefit and be involved in in those projects and I think that is an example actually of that that route map and the projects in there it's not in my view complete as an action plan of priorities but it's a step towards that yet that isn't part of the reporting process do you see what I mean okay Thank You Alison a couple of points and I refer to when I spoke earlier about the kind of tension between the national significance and the local significance and I think it's really important to bring your community along with you so we don't have sea Eagles or capercaillie or significant biodiversity like that we do have seagulls that fly over done do they so that's good these goals so so it's trying to relate biodiversity to the things that our community finds important in Dundee as well as trying to satisfy the national targets as well and it's that kind of balancing thing because people get very passionate about trees being cut down in dandy but yeah I mean they figure they've climate change obviously but you know where did they figure nationally but they're very very important and indeed equally there are same number of people who don't want tree so we have to balance that as well so it's just I think community needs to be involved because if they're not on our side then how would you do that Alison I mean you raised an interesting point on Willie coffees question earlier because you said that community groups had been in touch with you and the fact that the council had introduced the previous three years report and was encouraging you to do so do you think more could be done to engage the community in this yes how would you do that resources though is resources it's a we we work we work in partnership with a lot of a lot of groups in Dundee we help support them we help them to achieve what they want to achieve by a diversity and green space so we do work in partnership with a lot and I think that's the way that we're kind of going because we're reducing resources but and we need we need the help of our community to help maintain that biodiversity but obviously we cut we don't always make the right decisions in their in their eyes okay thank you does anyone else have any further points they would like to make Sally Thomas just to clarify on Lloyd's point the the date is is set out in terms of the legislation that's where that that date conference comes from and also say in terms of s NHS Duty report because we're required to produce a report as well we very much report on on the outcomes and the activities and the work that's happening rather than on the process and that's very much what you know the guidance that's out there and the templates encourage public bodies to do on the local engagement point I think there's a strong role for the local biodiversity action partnerships who work with a whole range of different organisations locally and work on the ground with communities with school groups with local action volunteers and so forth and in the majority of cases are very well plugged into the local authorities in their areas and I think they do a fantastic job in terms of that wider community engagement on biodiversity on people's local patch okay thank you I think in terms of how this is taken forward there was some good suggestions earlier from Alex Neil and Lloyd Austin elaborated on those a bit there will be in the official report and these are points that all of your points and evidence will be put to resign a cutting on the cabinet secretary for the environment who is giving us evidence on this very topic next week can I thank you all very much indeed for your contributions and for your time this morning your evidence is very much appreciated and I now close the public session of this meeting thank you

good morning and welcome to the 15th meeting of the public audit and post legislative scrutiny committee in 2018 we have received apologies from ian gray this morning item one decision on taking business in private do we agree to take items 3 in private thank you item 2 is post legislative scrutiny biodiversity and biodiversity reporting duties i would like to welcome our participants this morning and thank them for coming along the purpose of the evidence session is to hear directly from stakeholders on the extent to which they consider that the biodiversity and reporting duties placed on public bodies have been successful and what if any improvements could be made we would like the discussion to be free flowing and you are welcome to ask questions of each other however we still want some structure so please indicate to me or the clarkes here if you would like to contribute when you speak your microphone will be activated automatically so there is no need for you to touch it can i ask all msps and participants to very briefly introduce themselves before we begin i will start i am jenny mara and member of the scottish parliament for northeast scotland and convener of this committee i am team academy face chair of scottish environment lincoln liam care i am the i am also a member for the northeast scotland and deputy convener of this committee sala thomas i am director people in nature for scottish natural heritage i like neil msp for every insurance i give my apologies in advance i need to leave it 10 34 do not already finished by then i am fiona stewart i am director of estates and facilities at national museum scotland bt msp firm at lothian north and muscle borough alison anderson green space team leader for dundee city council bill bowman member for the northeast of scotland also 0 chester now i am will a coffee msp for kamalakannan from valley i am lloyd austin i am head of conservation policy for rsbv scotland thank you very much indeed the 1st theme is how we believe public bodies understand the biodiversity and reporting duties placed on them i would not ask holland bt to kick off i think that this whole scrutiny started because of a perception which came forward that perhaps public bodies were not understanding the role were not carrying out the reporting that that was that was a duty that was placed on them do you think that public bodies value and understand this reporting process given the fact that only 44% of public bodies actually respond which means 56% do not bother for one reason another what is your take on that do you think do you think they actually understand what they are supposed to do they understand the importance who of our witnesses would like to kick off is the do is the duty understood lloyd wide austin yeah thank you covina i think the honest answer would be that it is mixed you know i think the figures that you quoted in terms of the number of respond ease and obviously the reports on the substance of each of the reports that have has been done suggests that it is mixed and i think that probably does kind of highlight one kind of floor in the process rather than the understanding of the individual public bodies and that is that it is there is a kind of assumption that every public body should do exactly the same thing and i think that is one of the problems in terms of what what we in the ngos viewers the missing stage in the biodiversity duty and strategy process in a sense that we have a strategy and we have a duty to report on actions duty to report on the implementation strategy that the strategy is not converted into clear actions as to who does what when and therefore is very difficult for the public what is to know actually what they are expected to do what when and how and if if those actions were slightly clearer then it would be easier for the responsible bodies to report clearly on the actions that had been assigned to them you believe that there is no clarity how the reporting should take place is that no i think there is guidance on how the reporting takes place yes but i think it is in terms of the actions linking the actions to the overall priority species and habitats that are on the biodiversity list and so on and the actions are needed for the conservation of those species as opposed to just general good practice for biodiversity that is that is the area that is the challenge i think sally thomas could i just comment in response to that so the scottish government as i assure you aware undertook an evaluation after the 1st round of reporting and in response to that one of the things they asked s amp h to do is develop to develop some further guidance and information reporting templates and case studies to help public bodies and actually stressing that you know it is not it is not necessary that every public body needs to report in the same way and that there are a whole range of activities which bodies undertake which can contribute to their duty and certainly anecdotally we we have heard feedback that that has been very helpful to public bodies in terms of the way they report so there has been a lot of work done in the last couple of years to try and make it easier for what is to understand what it is they are required to report against and how the work that they undertake as part there you know day to day running of their organization can contribute and help to contribute to delivering the duty create mikado i think that though that if you look at some of the reports that are coming in for this round the reporting there is still some confusion over what the outcome that they were meant to be reporting against is because some of the ports are heavily into sustainability and very little biodiversity so i think as lord says you know actually defining the outcome that you want from that that from the biodiversity duty and then reporting against that would clarify things fiona stewart i concur with what has been said in terms of defining the outcome and providing i think a no response we said in general we felt as an uneven level of understanding of the duties across the bodies and i think it comes down to oversee by the outcomes making them a bit more clear for the different types of organizations and sizes of organizations to be able to respond to war if you want to correct me if i am wrong i think your submission said that you know the biodiversity duty or biodiversity was not a core function of what you do the national museums of scotland is i mean do you think actually there should not be this duty on public bodies to report i think there is a benefit to raising the profile of biodiversity and obviously improving what we do as we did say that it is not necessary our core business but we do we did do report and we collated information from our learning and programs and our natural science colleagues to sure what we do in terms of biodiversity else mandersohn i just like to agree miss lloyd i think dundee said i can only speak for dundee city council and i can not speak for local authorities but you know our area i am sure you will be aware that it is a it is a very urban area it is a really tight administrative boundary we have lots of different competing priorities to deal with and we we do not have a biodiversity off so and we are not part of it we do not have a local biodiversity partnership so we would welcome some guidance some tailored guidance i think for dundee about where we fit in the national scheme of things and if you asked and onions what is significant biodiversity is they will come up with robins blue tees and and and to be honest in a national scheme of things that is that they are important but they are not of national significance we have invasive species but yet looking at the the scottish biodiversity strategy there are other things that we we we do not have any influence on so it would be really nice to have a kind of link between what we are locally and what we can do nationally and and really be tailor to them d also depreciate some guidance okay that is useful and how do you feel as an individual local authority about the duty to report you will be aware that we have not reported in the 1st round but we actually have done for a 2nd yes i can report which is not on the website we sent the link in december but it still has not been put off the website so i assumed that it had been and i looked last week and it was not there so i kind of since an email and it has been confirmed that they received the link but it is not up on the website this is submitted to the scottish government so you feel from local authorities point of view you have done the work on this you have submitted the information but there has not nothing has been done with it no that is useful to know any further points here at this there anyone like to you know i think my question was what is the duty useful to the duty to report lloyd austin yes yes i think it is useful i entirely take sally is point about the guidance and work scottish government that is done to make it easier but i think there is more that can be done in that direction and i think that there is more to be done i think as alison said to to give a clearer steer in a sense as to what are the national priorities that the scottish government is trying to achieve in the in the interest it is it is the sort of national commitment to the significant species and habitats that we should be focusing our attention on and identifying what needs to be done for those priorities beaches and habitats and and therefore the the attention should more be identify which public bodies are the key ones for those key actions and and focusing the reporting and the delivery on those ones rather than encouraging reporting on lots of good but not necessarily those key things delivering the national priorities if that makes sense i mean i do not think we should discourage activity in other areas but in terms of the national policy priorities its to reverse the decline in the state of nature and focusing on the key actions that can do that is the key issue in my view okay alec meal on port lloyd has just said in that is at the moment there was a long list of public organizations required to on a statutory basis provide these reports and the danger is there are so many reports so many organizations reporting that nobody is looking at this you know across the piece and as you see not actually pursuing the national priorities but perhaps getting diverted into also so cul de sacs that are not adding a great deal to biodiversity so is it a need to streamline the number of public authorities who do these reports or a statutory basis that does not stop people doing it in a non statute to basis but around the national priorities and is that a need to give eboydee such as snh or the department of the environment under rosanna cunningham the statutory duty to as aware pull the thing together a national label which i do not think really happens just know well if i may i am sorry to hog but what mister neil is described as what i described earlier the missing link in the steps of the implementation of the biodiversity strategy and that is pulling together at a national level the action plan of yeah needs to be done by whom for the key national priorities and i think putting that on a statutory basis and then flexing the reporting procedures so that it focuses on those national actions would be absolutely the right way of focusing resources and effort on the key priorities i think that is maybe a recommendation that okay possibly indeed thank you mister neal allison anderson having said what i have said i think it is really important locally and for dundee city council to have some kind of reporting mechanism because i think we could do more for biodiversity locally and to get that buy in it is really really important so i do not know how you square that one let me ask you allison just before i bring william care and our public bodies adequately resourced to comply with these reporting duties i mean i am very aware of the pressures on your local authority in terms of social work education and all the key things we expect local authorities to do are we expecting too much of local authorities to ask them to have this to do this report as well in the current climate and current financial climate is it adequately resourced in one level i think it is i mean i can we can pull together a report about what we are doing for biodiversity of relatively easily but i think the information underpinning that that reporting is it is socially missing in dundee we have not had a wildlife server so they carried out in dundee since the year 2000 so we are talking about information that is 18 years old fortunately we have been able to rectify that and we are getting quotes back actually tomorrow about getting every survey of our local wildlife sites but there we are doing actions but i do not think we really understand whether we are impacting positively on biodiversity anecdotally yes of course but i mean we have got red squirrels we have gray squirrel control and that stuff i actually know how many bicycles are there just as interest by wives of that 18 year gap since that kind of surveys been done priorities yeah okay fair enough liam care a couple of questions arising from what has been said 1st of all the the cost of producing a report right so how are public bodies actually resourcing this in terms of i i would have thought if you have a statutory obligation to produce a report you will probably need some specialist employee and or some training for current employees to produce whatever it is that you are supposed to produce and that indeed begs a question is there a template how much detail does one have to go into is that mandated i before us something else could do could someone tell me that yeah how do you resource this as a public body funeral alison george yes as i said before we do not we are not we do not have a local by diversity partnership we do not have a bio diversity officer per se but 30 years ago i was employed as dun da ba ma life project officer by the then nature conservancy council scotland and i have although my role has changed significantly that people always come to me about biodiversity because they assume that i still know but presumably then you have to just stop whatever it is that you are doing on a day to day level to produce a report and and to be honest that is happening more and more right as as the staff compliment shrinks should become multifunctional and how much time does pre production of one of these reports take your organization how much time did the report that we have done no to be honest i can not remember but so we have a lot of it in our heads so we just sit down and write can i throw that same question into fiona stewart because it is you were saying in in the great scheme of things you do not necessarily have so much biodiversity going on with the neuron so how much time is your organization spending resourcing the production like house it is difficult to say a specific amount of hours days and such it is it is the staff resource time and expertise to pull together the aspects it is we pull together a range of things which are done across the organization to form our biodiversity report so we do not have a biodiversity officer we do not have that expertise and specialists in terms of writing this report so through a sustainable development group we have added this to one of the actions that we do to pull together the information to form the report so we do stop doing other things to enable us to have the time to do this and what happens yeah so so you produce a report so alison you were talking about you have produced this thing put it in if i may be blunt who who reads it like who gets it and what happens if you do not further conservation who checks it who decides this is the dundee council rspb and are not sufficiently doing whatever you are supposed to be doing and what are the sanctions it is not being posted by soosh government is that correct but it is on our website right on your website yeah so if you did biodiversity report did not undo it but it would come up hopefully who sanctions it obviously that has gone through our elected members them to our committees and seen by chief officers and staff to say no but what what happens if you do not do let us say you just do not produce the report to be honest we did not produce the 1st report and what happened nothing well well no no no no that is it was noticed by our community who actually said you have not done this and i think that is that is it was great from from from from my my perspective because it actually got us together and started us thinking about how we could get the next one together so i mean help to be honest so that we were brought to task by our community the community our sins at community groups with a specific interest in the environment yeah yeah just very briefly 1st of all our sbb is not a public body so we we do not do one of these reports we are a very active partner in a lot of biodiversity projects around the country both nationally and locally but from a non public body perspective i think the issues you are raising really underlying this issue about ensuring that the resort whatever resources are expended on these things are expended on the most important actions and activities and that there is some form of feedback loop that checks whether or not the actions that are necessary to deliver biodiversity are done and i think that applies equally to the scottish government as it does to the the other public bodies if you see what i mean so the duty applies the ministers as well as to public bodies and the ministers produce a 3 year lea report that it submits to parliament as well and parliament is the onerous should be responsible for scrutinizing and checking up that ministerial report and that is again something that has not had much attention i think the environment committee did once have a brief session on on looking at one of those reports but not much more than that has happened so i think identifying that the priority actions and then checking up on whether those priority actions has happened is an important issue that i think scrutiny of this kind could encourage more often i would like to bring in alastair key to tell us about his public body in the impact of this reporting duty on nhs ayrshire and arran and then i am going to bring in willie coffee but i will come back to you liam if if you would like mister king just echo yeah the dollars that we have allotted no resource for that reporting requirement and unfortunately yes it is monastery and not therefore we we do we do come a complete reports from the good well of people are very take heed interest within the organization to improve mainly public health and our sustainable management stealing grip take on board as part of our forms part of our aim and sustainability policy and but in terms of resource no we do not have any any assistance or any anything within the organization to help we feel we should be active more a creation of commitment nationally to help mainstream this and give resourcing to the board is nhs boards accordingly to help a mass also transform our adora state and to also help us fully meets the requirements of the biodiversity jt you would need more money from the scottish government to properly meet these duties resource to assess okay the good thing about the clover may adds the good thing about the reporting is fir benefit it shows what can be done with absolutely no resource we have not spent any of our capital expenditure in nhs on our program works we have all done the t or achievements have been done with funding externally to the organization yeah demonstrator projects around our green space initiatives and biodiversity across the states it is all been tied it without a funding from the actual capital it is not again it is not seen as i call it business for us in any way whatsoever it is very difficult okay i mean mister key your energy manager for nhs your sheridan are and so imagine you are under a lot of pressure to reduce electricity bills and all that to get costs down but does it fall does this biodiversity duty fall to you and your team to manage then i am just out just on one person there and i can not look after sustainability in an environment that falls on the sustainability we met yep so can i assess where to try and pull the force together thank you willie coffee i was give you access to maybe remain dear friends and colleagues the purpose of the thing is to try to trick the nature conservation and i got a public process is not suppose the reporting is at the tail end of the public bodies all otherwise harvard have not achieved that and i am looking at the submission from a colleague from each near salonika who can attend a bit she is satan a couple of examples with it is becoming wood embedded and practice with any steer so for example to consider protection through planning and building standards they are already doing that and what they also do is they lieutenant a maintain a protected species service at european union guidance or now when they are considering maintenance and capital programs and stuff so the beginning team paid less and i think that is probably the value of the processes rather than really to report quite like to read the report so i think there is a sense that is becoming embedded it is becoming it is a it is certainly a nice deer show that was just asked called if you get that sense across the rest of scotland is that taking place if not the reporting itself creek macadam would like to come in on this yeah just say just before you speaking that and that they are all idea this is about mainstreaming biodiversity and getting you know your your everyday activity is to be thinking about how how you can help biodiversity so it does not necessarily have to cost much to do that you know it could be about reducing your your mowing regime on your your green space or your road verges you know so that is a some potentially a cost savings yeah but it is really about how you can adjust what you are doing and to make sure that biodiversity is getting taken into consideration in the same way that our impact on the climate or energy or whatever is is being taken into consideration in decision making i was just going to say that i am like the the evaluation of the reports that the 1st reports kind of read it it says that just because people help public bodies are not producing reports does not mean to say they are not doing anything for biodiversity one of the reasons why bring this report together so quickly it is because we are doing such a lot and we hope we have them for a number of years local development plan has a couple of policies that protect local wildlife sites and wildlife corridors we have got green network guidance we have a number of operations and sites and things so just because we did not produce a report the 1st time around did not mean to say we were not doing anything and it is relatively well embedded i think we could do more obviously but okay okay bill pullman because i was sitting next to alice and i could have a quick look at the dundee plan which you say is on the website there is just a couple of things just you say that terry site as a whole does not have formal biological record a biological recording center unlike fife and aberdeen and then you also say that the new tayside biodiversity action plan excludes dundee is this just a sort of a mosaic but it is not joined up yes tradition traditionally we have not had a local record center there has been a number of attempts to set one up and i think that is why and i was ability but reticent in bringing a report forward because we i think we need more information and and i know that it is going to be a resource cost for sure and and take on what is required in the report is that what what you know more information about you say you need more information is that more guidance or know what should be in the report i mean biological information sorry right so the local record center would collect together biological records for a certain area we do not have that that kind of baseline information there which 5 does and aberdeen does but i think tayside if i am right still does not have a local record center does not have a central repository for local records so it is difficult to like i said before it is difficult to tell whether you are going the right direction or not because you do not have that baseline information and that getting these biological records together is but it is resource intensive nice always never been this i am going to bring in one of the policy people on that point krieg macadam yes so and number of years ago i was involved with biological recording in scotland and brought a petition to the parliament which ended up with the establishment of scottish biodiversity information forum now that has now been going for i think 4 or 5 years and has just it is just putting together the business case for how we deal with biological recording across scotland to make sure we have got that coverage and because it was when we petition together we we saw that there was a this patchwork of different types of record centers the museum in in dundee does collect records but it is not a functioning record so it does not do that all the services like you know planning searches and things like that and but the idea is that this and the scottish write about the information forums business plan if you like will establish recording across record record centers of a tape across scotland okay what else like to come in on that point or no i am just i just want to make sure everyone okay alison just respond to craig yes mcmanus do collect records but they do not actually put them on at any any kind of system so if you are asking if you ask a question can i have some information of that x there will be quite old records rather than what is quite okay so there is an information point there alex neil so recommendation in there we should make it that whichever national body as charles was proving all this together should actually try and get a you know a national rule all the local databases together to try to gain national picture because it seems as though a lot of information may be get raw data may be getting clayton that is not being used as effectively as it could be as we tease that out because we are putting all this evidence to the cabinet is actually next week and it is a good example of the difficulties public bodies are having and in fulfilling the reporting requirements btw thank you we have heard quite a few bits and pieces about 4 there are weaknesses in the system and things could be done differently and so on what could the scottish government do that would make it all what better is it is it this is it the scottish government that could take action to make this work better sally thomas become behalf the scottish government no i think he is asking your opinion as to how this could work better who needs to take action well we work very closely with government so i would not i am not really in a position to go into detail on some of the work that is already underway certainly we have we recognize after the 1st round reporting in 2015 that there were some i suppose difficulties with public bodies understanding and that is why we put in place the work on the evaluation and the guidance and the templates and so forth there are a number i suppose of glitches in the system which we could look at to see whether they would work better i mean currently biodiversity duty reports are it is not a requirement to submit them to government it is advised there is a you know there is this we could look at the scope whether that should become mandatory or should it come directly to snh for example for us to publish on the website we currently do that but they are forwarded on from scottish government so there are those sort of process issues which we could certainly look at within government but i can not i can not comment on on what government should or should not do i think because we are too close to the process working with government fine okay would anyone else like to answer lloyd austin i think there is a few things i would say that government could do i think 1st of all on the information question that was discussed earlier and government could give backing to the ideas from the scottish biodiversity information forum about how all that information can be better collected and managed i think a reconsideration of the sort of priority action planning process that i spoke about earlier and some steer to other departments within government as well as public bodies would be a useful step that scottish government could take i think scotia government i think also needs to recognize that itself is a public body in in in this kind of discussion and that some better coordination of that our integration and embedding us was the phrase that was used earlier of biodiversity across different government functions agriculture planning transport etc might be another thing that could be government could do and i think in terms of the contribution to the sort of global picture i think we need to recognize that this duty stems from the convention on conservation of biodiversity that began at rio in in 92 but currently everybody is working towards what is called the aichi targets for 2020 which were agreed at the conference of the parties in japan in 2010 and are going to be reviewed at the next conference of parties in 2020 what sorry just for the official report mister austin the what targets aichi targets i called it it is ai ch i it is a town in japan where the targets were globally agreed okay and snh produced a very useful report recently on the progress in scotland towards delivering those those targets but we were on track in only 6 out of 20 so i think there is some work to be done or whether the press release highlighted that we were the 1st to report that we were only on track for 6 out of 20 okay sally thomas if i could just come in on that i think i think there is a danger that we conflate too many things into the biodiversity duty i mean the the duty is is around public bodies and the way they exercise their functions it is not a duty to deliver against the international targets clearly though those targets are extremely relevant and some of the the public bodies who have a lead role in delivering on some of the targets we are working very close with them and that will be and is reflected in their biodiversity duty reports because that is you know a large proportion of the activity that they are currently undertaking working with us to do that but i think we just need to be careful we do not we do not conflate a number of different things which are set up for different purposes that is not to say i do not agree on the need to kind of prioritize action just as a kind of a further point as part of the biodiversity strategy delivery snh has set up a number of what are called delivery agreements with some of the key public bodies who are delivering with us on a whole range of partnerships projects many of which contribute to those international ihe targets and those have been very helpful for those bodies in terms of how they frame their duty reports because it gives them a clear set of priorities which they are working to which they have committed to and which they can then feed through into the way that they are performing when they come to produce their report okay creek macadam just before you started that the 2nd part of your point there i was going to say that you know the ax targets are important because you know they should be what is driving our national targets and then down to the local targets so i think in this context of the biodiversity duty because if a public body does not know what they need to do as allison has said about what do we have to do to help with the national targets if those national targets are based on what we need to do to meet nature targets then that should all flow through there but the key bit that is missing is what does a public body have to do to meet those targets okay i am going to bring in allison anderson then i am going to try and pull this discussion together a bit so if people can think about any final or points that they need to raise or want to raise allison anderson just to follow up what sonny was just saying i think dundee city council we very much welcome some help with the delivery agreement from snh and i think that that was a good to bring that up because i read your evidence to help link inserting this together happy to do that okay the alex neil just emphasize the point we have just made because i think that is a very important and i think what craig craig me from wrong was seeing what might they will see it and outcomes not what you are doing or how you are doing it but actually putting the outcomes out visa for you the tarkan is so maybe one of the recommendations we should consider depending on what we hear from the cabinet secretary next week is that the duty should relate directly to achieving the targets rather than just a list of what you are doing and so on because in the sense that is almost irrelevant what matters is achieving the targets and it seems to me we should shift the emphasis completely in terms of the reporting towards the outcomes rather than the internal processes why justin i am going to agree with daniel again very firmly because i think that the link to the national targets which are drawn from the international targets and the actions are necessary to meet those national targets whether that is by national public bodies or local public bodies or by other departments of government that is the focus those are the actions that we need to see and we need to ensure that the reporting is on actions that deliver outcomes and if we look at our national data on our biodiversity we see that we are not meeting those national biodiversity outcomes and then the need therefore is to in a sense reduce the effort on reporting on process and increase the effort on delivering actions that deliver outcomes and focus the reporting and the scrutiny on whether those actions that deliver outcomes are being taken okay i think that is i think that is quite a good naught to bring our discussion together but liam kerr alright i will try and bring it together but just on outcomes that we can take and their reporting cycles i just east dumbarton shire council we talked about i a reporting duty or to report to be published on the 1st of january that covers the previous 3 years now i did not quite see where that came from but a i guess it will be accurate eastern barton is you were suggesting that that is actually problematic because of course it is the 1st of january and there will be time off in that that means the report is not that it will be front loaded so actually it will not capture what has been done in perhaps the last 6 months is that a reasonable concern and if so would it be better not to have a report on duty on the 1st of january and have it pushed back is that something that would mister kerr can i take that question and add a little bit to it because my final question was what chain if what if any changes would you like to see in the statutory requirements ie the reporting duty inclusive of the deadlines as liam kerr raised but are there any other changes you would like to see and do you agree with dumbarton shares point that that deadline should be changed can i ask maybe the public bodies fiona stewart i mean with send their response we thought it would be appropriate for the list of public bodies to whom the duties apply to be reconsidered and to focus on the bodies to whom the duties are more directly rather than and if the list of bodies were to remain as at present we suggested it be beneficial for reporting requirement engagements would be in a much more proportionate basis appropriate the different types and sizes of organizations and in terms of a deadline yes 1st to joe henry it is maybe not the easiest date him to achieve so something mid year not financial year end with ok then officials certainly thank you fiona alison anderson as the the deadlines for the reporting when we sent our report it actually missed off a few months to be honest because we had to get to a committee we had to prepare it well in advance with time skills the staff as well so you you are missing a few months but i would presume that i could tuck it on to the next one and it would be relatively flexible but i was also going to say that just out to fiona what is fiona said it i think the duty has to be proportionate i mean not all local authorities are the same as you know dundee has a really tight administrative boundary it is very very urban and yet you know highlands islands b it is completely different with a complete set of birds it is a different set of biodiversity and different priorities so i think there has to be some kind of proportionality yeah and of course the public bodies are mentioning i assume for alastair keen for fiona stewart for national museums and for nhs it is a matter of getting the report ready and getting it past the chief executive widows for councils it is a different kettle of fish is not it because you have got to take it to committee that takes weeks for papers to be tabled and all that process so it is may be that that needs to be considered as well alistair key would you like to see if there is any changes certainly to the 1st of january deadline not any other changes just like to see to the statutory requirements that would help you with this i think in terms of the generated lehner it would be good to maybe tie it into november along with the climate change reporting that would that would help him because the papers could go through the governance procedures in which county maybe up to 3 months to go through the various board trips in so yeah maybe bring it forward would be beneficial in be good also to capture it and their reports the impacts of the interventions on the natural environment that have been carried out aim and perhaps with the review and identity of good the good practice across the public bodies with a view to sharing a and also the learning and promoting collaboration between boards but the realization of nhs could be the fact that even the kind of 4 regions they do their own biodiversity reports and regional for regional working that might be a possibility as well okay any further point willy coffee i was just hoping to bring up the issue of public engagement and the whole process and we are at sets how does the public get involved in the process they did not notice that reports are not posted and there is that when they come and not did they get involved in early stages and lloyd when i was chanting really was talking about lot with project and the carmel valley so just wondering how does the public engage of the process and sheep what it becomes and should they be much more involved in the process looking forward would any of the public bodies like to comment or shy bring in one of the policy people who would like to answer lloyd austin you look like you want to sam i will come on to the coffee is question because i was going to say something about the previous things i am not sure where the date came from to be honest the the statue actually says that the base date is the date when the wildlife and natural environment scotland act came into force so it probably stems from that annual reporting deadline you are talking about okay yeah so but i see no reason why we would object to ministers trying to change that date if it if it makes things more practical and deliverable in terms of the cycle of public body process i think the one thing i would change about the duty is is the issue about focusing on priorities and actions that deliver outcomes as we discussed earlier and i think actually that may be where one of the issues about the public may be getting involved because many of the priority actions that the bod versus strategy at the moment is is in the form of a scottish government called the route map which has a series of priority projects and each of those projects has a series of partners rsvp as a partner in in many of them as as our other voluntary organizations and the public of area all through those different individual projects and i think that is the way that the public and most benefit and be involved in in those projects and i think that is an example actually of that that route map and the projects in there it is not in my view complete as an action plan of priorities but it is a step towards that yet that is not part of the reporting process do you see what i mean okay thank you alison a couple of points and i refer to when i spoke earlier about the kind of tension between the national significance and the local significance and i think it is really important to bring your community along with you so we do not have sea eagles or capercaillie or significant biodiversity like that we do have seagulls that fly over done do they so that is good these goals so so it is trying to relate biodiversity to the things that our community finds important in dundee as well as trying to satisfy the national targets as well and it is that kind of balancing thing because people get very passionate about trees being cut down in dandy but yeah i mean they figure they have climate change obviously but you know where did they figure nationally but they are very very important and indeed equally there are same number of people who do not want tree so we have to balance that as well so it is just i think community needs to be involved because if they are not on our side then how would you do that alison i mean you raised an interesting point on willie coffees question earlier because you said that community groups had been in touch with you and the fact that the council had introduced the previous 3 years report and was encouraging you to do so do you think more could be done to engage the community in this yes how would you do that resources though is resources it is a we we work we work in partnership with a lot of a lot of groups in dundee we help support them we help them to achieve what they want to achieve by a diversity and green space so we do work in partnership with a lot and i think that is the way that we are kind of going because we are reducing resources but and we need we need the help of our community to help maintain that biodiversity but obviously we cut we do not always make the right decisions in their in their eyes okay thank you does anyone else have any further points they would like to make sally thomas just to clarify on lloyd is point the the date is is set out in terms of the legislation that is where that that date conference comes from and also say in terms of s nhs duty report because we are required to produce a report as well we very much report on on the outcomes and the activities and the work that is happening rather than on the process and that is very much what you know the guidance that is out there and the templates encourage public bodies to do on the local engagement point i think there is a strong role for the local biodiversity action partnerships who work with a whole range of different organizations locally and work on the ground with communities with school groups with local action volunteers and so forth and in the majority of cases are very well plugged into the local authorities in their areas and i think they do a fantastic job in terms of that wider community engagement on biodiversity on people is local patch okay thank you i think in terms of how this is taken forward there was some good suggestions earlier from alex neil and lloyd austin elaborated on those a bit there will be in the official report and these are points that all of your points and evidence will be put to resign a cutting on the cabinet secretary for the environment who is giving us evidence on this very topic next week can i thank you all very much indeed for your contributions and for your time this morning your evidence is very much appreciated and i now close the public session of this meeting thank you

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Instructional designers and offices drinking  coffee is brought to you by dominKnow makers   of dominKnow |ONE the cloud-based authoring  tool for e-learning. Learn how your team can   work together better at dominknow.com.  Now here's this week's episode [Music] and there it is [Music] the most in the theme song that's a good poll I  kind of dig the walking bass line myself [Music]   stay everybody oh shoot the B volume is really low whoa that's   it's more like be quiet wow that was  harsh hope everybody woke up on that there's always got to be one glitch after Dev  learn right I and I was just getting set for you I'm sorry man [Music] bummer look at all that weather in the chat Chris  man we got people giving reports from all over we   have fantastic folks from all over the globe  as usual yeah sounds like it's a good day in   Chicago let's face it it's a good day everywhere  it honored me anyway however the weather mayor and   may not be good for you right let's let's make  sure that we're not confusing weather with you   know the fact that oh we get to be here we do  get to be here it's Wednesday and we can make   your day better by just being here oh that's a  lot I'm not gonna lie that's is that too much   pressure well that quick Chris let's take the  pressure off us who's our guest today I know anyway folks we have Joe cook with us um Joe's  been with us a few times uh previously but in   case it's your first time meeting Joe uh here  on idiotic with us Joe introduce yourself to Our   Gang here I'll introduce myself well it's lovely  to be back there's so many fabulous names that I   recognize and so many fabulous names I do not  recognize but hope to recognize in the future   I'm in the UK so as Andrew says it is not great it  is cold and gray there is no surprise there you're   absolutely right Andrew um and what I've been  doing for the last nearly 10 years is running   light bulb moment and that's all about virtual  design virtual delivery it's all live online stuff   and I've been working in Learning and Development  for 25 years for CNN Time Warner Turner   Broadcasting that whole big kind of company also  further in higher education the charity sector I   will not bore you with all of that hello Jennifer  and um what I've been doing recently which is why   I'm here is talking um and researching about stuff  that's virtual and hybrid but actual research not   just what I think obviously is really important  but what other people think and analyzing and   all sorts of stuff and so the other person that's  with me today that is not on screen because I like   to hog all the Limelight myself is my business  partner and brother Mike he is in the chat you can   say hello to him and he will share all sorts of  links and I get to order him around so things like   please share the link to our website  so people know where to find us   um which he will happily do right now that's what  I'm here to do today very cool it's Mark magic   right like you you could just sort of have skipped  telling people Mike was there and you could have   just done like I'm gonna go ahead and put my link  in the chat yeah I just need like light bulb magic   is the account name instead of his name if we  get rid of him completely that would just you   know make it much better make it look like oh  he could just be sick and Daiquiris on the beach   yeah well then I'd be with him but that's a  whole other one that's a whole other story yeah so we're here today we're here today to  discuss the results of a research project that   you and Gene Daly have been doing um and  you did start this out um and we talked a   bit about this last year sort of the initial  phase of this of this research and before I   forget I will toss in a link to last year's  episode if anybody ever wants to go back   um I'm going to throw that in there to the chat in  case anybody wants to go revisit that after we're   done here see compare and contrast there will be a  quiz after you know uh and we'll ask you right to   compose a small essay um not you Joe other people  yeah you know um and um anyway so uh what's new tell us first of all I guess what the basis uh  you know the research project it was about what   you've been looking at and how you've been doing  it and those sorts of things and absolutely so uh   so as he said it's with Jane Daly it's two of us  and she bought all of her research and Analysis   and Behavioral Science stuff to this report and  obviously I could not have done this without her   um and obviously I'm bringing all of the virtual  and hybrid stuff and you know there's a crossover   of experience of course um but that's kind  of where that came from now in terms of like   you know why have we done this well um what we've  been looking at is we thought that you know since   covid obviously the entire world went virtual  but and whilst there's some research out there   we didn't think that there was enough to tell  us about what people liked what people wanted   from their virtual and hybrid offerings what  they needed how they were reacting to things   and we know that you know asking people what  they want isn't always the best thing it's   just like well I want chocolate and Daiquiris  however I know I need exercise and fruit so   you know we know that there's a a crossing  point here but what people are interested in   and what they need is really important we also  wanted to help facilitators designers managers   stakeholders senior decision makers because this  isn't just what do I design in my session and what   do I do this goes all the way up to the chain to  what is the corporate culture or the culture in   your organization and why us well as I said it's  about the experience that we both bring to this   and that is the lovely Jane there the picture  and there's more about us in the report as well   so that's kind of why we did it and why we looked  at this topic in particular and obviously hybrid   has exploded as everybody's starting going  back to conferences back to work and so on um so I mean let's talk about that next Square  in your in your display here who did you talk to   um to to gather this info then yeah so we put out  a really big survey and I say really big it was   you know detailed it had lots of questions  in it but hopefully it wasn't too onerous   um and what we have in terms of people  responding we had nearly 200 respondents   which is absolutely brilliant um because Jane  and I are UK based unsurprisingly most people   that responded were in the UK we did have a U.S  respondent um but also we had people from around   other countries as well and there was a really  broad spectrum of Ages of types of work types of   organization there were some Peaks and troughs  in there as you can see on this information but   um actually what you've got here is I think  it's really important because you could look   at this and go oh well there's kind of nothing  interesting here it's like lots of different   organization lots of sizes so what but the way  that I look at this is well it doesn't matter   if I'm in a small or large organization charity  or corporate whether I'm a younger old person   whether I'm senior or not senior there's stuff  I can take from this it's actually Universal   Challenge and therefore there are some Universal  solutions to this as well very cool very cool um   so it was there um first off anything that really  surprised you in in the results that you guys had um that is a really good question I think  a couple of the things that surprised me   and they weren't massive surprises but it's always  interesting what people actually tell you so we   split the report into kind of three main areas  one of which is the learner perspective and I   think one of the things that came through really  strongly is we asked people right when you're   attending a virtual classroom what is it that you  want to attend what kind of live online learning   and most of the people here uh responded in  that big purple section at the top said I   want it facilitated and I want a small virtual  classroom where there's up to 10 people but we   asked organizations well how many people do you  normally have on your virtual sessions they go   well up to 15 people and I'm actually a really  small number said below 10 and so on so that   was a real disparity to me we want small groups  and then organizations going we want big groups   hmm and and did you have any insight from uh  from the research uh you know the survey Etc   as to why people felt they preferred small groups  um versus a larger group yeah some of the things   that we thought now this isn't kind of a direct  answer to your question but I think it we can   have an inference from this so one of the things  that we asked is about people's in the impact on   their well-being of attending these virtual  and hybrid sessions and 57 of the people that   responded said virtual sessions make me feel tired  and I'm a facilitator they make me feel tired um but you can also see here these are other  kind of things we get frustrated with tech   issues it's hard to concentrate um and so on and  I think if we look at this from the point of view   of what people like and what they don't like  then it's easy to understand well why are you   tired why can't you concentrate and so if in  that left-hand section people are saying well   we've got other attendees that don't know how to  use the platform the connectivity doesn't work   sound doesn't work my facilitator hasn't designed  the session specifically for Zoom teams whatever   the facilitator just talks way too much um and  actually the facilitator doesn't understand the   technology we've we've all been on the sessions  where someone's muted we get that that's still   a thing but when you know the only interaction  you get is can you see my screen can you see this   slide you know this is why people are saying we  don't like it we feel tired we can't concentrate   but when they get what they want I.E a great  facilitator when they have the opportunity to   interact in Opportunities an important point it's  not saying oh well I want to interact and have to   every single time just like we've got nearly 90  people here there aren't 90 people continuously   typing in the chat which is a good thing I  wouldn't keep up with it um but you've got   the opportunity to say something to comment and  to ask when you want to the sessions have to be   designed for virtual so when you've got those kind  of things going on that's when you get the good   sessions but of course it means as professionals  well we need time to learn what best practice   is and in other parts of the research we found  that while some people are saying yeah there's   some good practice other people are saying  we don't get trapped against good practice   so if we don't have the tech skills and the time  and the investment in us well we're not going to   be able to deliver the good sessions um and I  think the challenges from an organization point   of view how do you do that how do you justify that  and that goes into those much bigger conversations   yeah I think the uh that that  particular conversation about   um the the training Department's being prepared  to support the need I think that shows up in a   lot of other different reports too out in the  industry and it's interesting to uh to see that   reflected here as well absolutely now I love some  of the comments um in the in the chat as well   um where John Kissinger is saying yep Vil  definitely breeds fatigue if not designed and   facilitated for maximum engagement and value and  that's why I love what I do to honestly well no   um because I love when people at the end of  the sessions go wow I didn't realize two hours   went past so quickly wow I haven't looked at my  email once it's like there you go you can do it   um and also Kevin makes a really great point that  all those well-being issues I've shared you can   see them being more challenging in larger groups  and that's why the small groups are so important   so it's a great Point thank you yeah I think I've  even just um you're not going back to University   experience you get the the small um group with  the TA um you know of 10 or 20 people maybe in   a room well you can ask questions you can you know  um but the main lecture is 500 people in the hall   well all the lecturer is really going to be able  to do is talk to you um maybe answer a couple of   questions along along the way and um and similarly  you know if you're if your instructor-led is   moving on to a a virtual platform but all you  do is talk at people well and it recorded as a   video and at least people can pause when they need  they need a break you know and then you know you   to chop it up and do it and then you can use  clips of it if it's part of your Blended learning   program so there's all this available to us but  it comes back to that point of organizations   whether that's corporate charity or or an  academic organization saying we are going   to invest in you we are going to give you the  time to learn these things and give you access   to the right tools for the job you know I can  go and edit something on Microsoft video editor   whatever it was and I've done that but I've still  wanted to upgrade to Camtasia or something else um thinking about uh Gail's mentioning what's  strange is that organized organizations   understand this concept in face to face but  but not in Virtual and I think there's often   um that just the you know the convenience the  budget the get or done aspect you know oh well   let's put 500 people in this session um you  know and then and then it's done it's out of   the way it's it's finished it's complete but uh  whether we're doing this face-to-face or we're   doing something virtual or we're even just  doing an asynchronously learning you really   still have to come back to the standard value  ad so the standard purpose of what we have to   do which is to teach people to be able to do  something not simply tell them things right   um you know that involves things like uh  you know reflection and practice and uh and   application goals those sorts of critical things  rather than simply the attend this webinar and   um keep your camera on so we know that you're  watching the screen the whole time oh God no   don't say that you're you're right and and these  are kind of some of the challenges we have did I   have this uh just now let me go and see if  I can find a bit of information but one of   the the things that we have as professionals is  when we never intended to be a virtual trainer   so you know then um uh kovid came along and made  everyone a virtual trainer in the entire world   um and the trouble is that people weren't ready  for that they didn't want to they thought it was   this complete new skill set they thought they'd  lose touch with people and if you do it wrong then   yeah it can feel that way um and the bottom right  hand corner of this challenge for professionals um   one of this is attendees being um disinclined to  keep their cameras on so I'd really like to know   kind of in in the chat um you know how many of you  either delivering training or attending meetings   or whatever kind of your work might be how many of  you find that people are disinclined to keep their   cameras on so how many of you or people you attend  with can I go nope no camera from me it'd just be   interesting to get that um that sense in the chat  but there are all sorts of reasons for it could be   bandwidth could be personal it could be I like to  look out the window and think and I can't do that   on camera or you've invited me to a meeting that  is going to be of no use to me whatsoever and no   benefit for me attending so I want to get through  my email instead and the same applies to learning   um so it depends on the type of meeting maybe 50  50 if they do they aren't paying attention 50 50.   um interesting Gail says just ran a session  this morning three women on webcam two men   camera off you know it's a tiny sample  but it's an interesting story isn't it   um JB says 92 of 1600 Learners um found seeing  another person helps them make a human connection   and there's all sorts of research on that  what Michael do is on our community we've   got a webcam kind of uh research kind of threads  there um and he'll go and share the link to that   so there's loads of research to say yes do it and  there's loads of research about video in in kind   of e-learning that you can apply but there's  also research that says it's fatiguing and we   have to look at ourselves on camera and all of  that stuff so it's just finding that balance I um most of my sessions when I'm using a virtual  tool are relatively smaller groups you know and   then the 10 sometimes occasionally up to 20. um  and my preference is to just tell people you know   leave it on if you want no need to have it on  I do often have to do sessions from my home or   bandwidth is poor so I typically and those  don't even run my own video except for you   know saying you know introducing my face at the  beginning of the session you know time together   Etc um but then again those are long sessions  we're teaching you know people say for you know   three or four hour you know block obviously  breaks and all that stuff but you know trying   to have someone hold their facial expression and  not scratch their nose you know we're human just   turn your video camera off and you're adults I  trust you you know if you're here because you're   you're learning something I I trust you that's  part of I feel it's the uh you know it's the   the contract I make is that you're adults  you're in charge of your own learning I am   here to to to guide you through all of this uh Etc  but if you know hey if that email comes with that   exclamation mark and it's from your boss I'm not  going to tell you no can you turn your camera like   I am not more important than the boss so I think  I think too often there's this presumption that   um you know hmm if if these folks were in a room  with me they'd still be picking up their phone   and checking their emails they'd still have other  things going on you know if we were all live in   the same room doing this stuff too why should  that change you know in a virtual environment   and and it's really interesting uh Mike's just  sharing in the chat we ran a session uh this   week where people are starting to actually have  anxiety when they can't have their web so we had   a lady who was using her mobile phone as a hotspot  because she was having internet trouble and so if   she came on webcam we just couldn't hear her audio  at all and she was saying that I'm still here and   paying attention I promise I feel so bad and we're  talking about webcams and we're like we're cool   we're fine don't worry because guess what there's  this thing called digital body language and you're   answering things in chat and you're adding stuff  on the Whiteboard and you're clicking the hand up   clicking the green check mark and you know I am  not worried about you not being here and to your   point Chris if you're not here I trust you need to  be somewhere else yeah I think I think that that's   a that's a great Point Joe in that the design of  the engagement should encourage the engagement   there's we shouldn't have gimmicks and be forcing  people to you know hey we don't you know we don't   we don't trust you or whatever that whatever  however we refer to it right you got to have your   camera on because we want to make sure you're  engaged instead why don't we look at it as an   opportunity and say we should be redesigning our  training and our courses so that we are constantly   allowing those attendees to engage with us in  digital ways to your point right like with the   white board the the clicking the raising the hand  the typing in the chat like we do here I gotta say   you know but one of the things I absolutely love  about crowdcast and doing these live streams and   and doing idiotic is the chat room you folks  hanging out with us and you know letting it be   all of us a community to me is the this is the  best part about this you know having guests is   fantastic but if it was just the three of us  you you know it might get kind of old after a   while it's fun to get oh speak to yourself as well  okay maybe that was maybe I put that the wrong way   you know I love the variety let's put it that way  yeah it's the problem when we are just presenting   in a webinar or a lecture or something and there  are space and times where that's appropriate and   really good and they can be great but one of the  problems it generates is we don't have anything to   bounce off of we don't have anything where I can  kind of like John's saying let's hear it for the   chat room you know there's nothing me to respond  to if there's nothing there that people are doing   if there's no feedback right and then if we were  talking about this from a learning point of view   um you know if I'm asking you a question what does  two plus two mean and everybody types five in the   chat I need to go over some basic stuff with you  there's that learning feedback as well so um yeah   if I'm not saying woot that is no not me um it's  really important that we have that interaction   um and uh I think the instructional design  point of view is really important because   um good learning design is good learning design  it doesn't matter whether it's e-learning whether   it's video whether it's virtual whether it's face  to face or not but each of those things needs   their specialism I am not an e-learning designer  I've done it I can do it but that doesn't make me   good at it that doesn't make me under understand  the nuances of how people learn that way   so just like you know you can be a great  trainer you can be a great virtual trainer   but you've got to learn those new things to help  you and that's where a report like this comes in   is it's saying hey look Learners are saying  this and um professionals are saying we've   got challenges with this so we're trying to say  to organizations maybe you need to think about   this because it's not just about making sure l  d are happy or making sure your staff are okay   it's making sure they can do their job so that  your business succeeds and that your clients   are happy in whatever fashion that takes for your  organization yeah JB had a reference in the um in   the chat a little bit ago about you know having  the web camera on if it's just present presentism   um then it's not an effective tool and Gail's  comment earlier in the chat as well about having   WhatsApp situated on her monitor people are going  to game it anyway right uh you know um everyone is   playing you know video games maybe right below  their webcast it looks like they're looking at   the screen you know you have to you have to be  prepared to treat people like adults first off   that's which is sort of a strange thing to say  maybe but uh sometimes we need to be reminded   of that and me and me great Point too a helper  is nice we like to call that helper the producer   absolutely and and also I mean we were teaching  this just this week is yeah it's amazing that   I've got my keys on 99 of my sessions and don't  tell him but to be honest I find him invaluable   now even though for five years I ran light bulb  moment without him fine and it could happen again   just keep that in mind okay just easy where but  the point being you know is you can do it without   that second person and most of us probably have  to do it without that second person so then it's   looking at the techniques that we use and and  that's probably a bit too much detail for today   but just one really good example is I can be the  one to decide and communicate to you how that will   work so for example today I could have said I am  not paying attention to chat moving too quickly I   can't cope with it but if you have a question you  want me to answer guess what there's a question   section at the bottom and I will look at that so  that's just one example of us taking control of   the platform and what we're doing and not letting  up it control us for sure um let's Circle back to   to the research study again um anything you know  what else uh what else did you find as part of   the survey that you guys were doing oh sorts of  stuff so I think one of the things that probably   is going to be kind of interesting for people  is it's a relatively new kind of area is this   hybrid perspective and of course you can let us  know in the chat or you can ask a question if   you're thinking um you know you've got particular  experiences or feelings or questions about this   um and I think that's a kind of a really  important area to look at because it is new   for a lot of people so um we ask people kind  of what type of um sessions they were offering   huge amount of webinars and classrooms a few  conferences some coaching assessments and   hybrid was kind of way down towards the bottom  so a really low percentage of people doing this   um which is kind of interesting in itself we also  asked kind of what are the kind of differences   that learning professionals are experiencing  when we compare it to virtual classrooms and   I think understanding what it is and how it's  different is really important and we've probably   all experienced this in different ways where  management go oh let's do this new shiny thing I   learned about at a conference that they've learned  this week or whatever it might be without really   understanding it I remember working on 70 2010  stuff with Charles Jennings and it was just like   right let's do 70 2010 it's just like let's pay  for someone expensive with a big name and go and   do the latest greatest thing and not necessarily  letting Charles free to do the amazing work that   he can so I think when people don't understand  even what virtual is let alone what hybrid is   we have to think about that um another great  point in the middle here is about the quality   um before you get to hybrid so if your virtual  quality isn't great quite frankly your hybrid   quality is not going to be either  because hybrid is a subset of virtual   um and as it says here at the bottom well you  need to be great virtual trainers before you   can tackle hybrid so uh last year I co-designed  and co-hosted the speaks exchange conference and   that was a hybrid conference we're doing it again  this year it's later this month and it takes a lot   of tech it takes a lot of planning it takes an  in-person facilitator and an online facilitator   which is me and I think the trouble is people  don't realize just how expensive that is and   how challenging that is and then if we broaden  that out a bit so this is looking at virtual and   hybrid there's a real disparity here between the  answers we've got where people are saying that   they feel capable of Designing and delivering  virtual and hybrid versus feeling confident   and you know we could go into a lot of detail  here one example one way we could take this is   well I feel capable of the stuff I can do I'm  sorry I feel confident in the stuff that I can   do the kind of beginner intermediate maybe but  I actually don't feel capable of a lot of other   stuff but the other way we could look at this is  the dunning-kruger effect which is unconscious   incompetence if I think I've got that wrong um  that's a tricky one for me to say this afternoon   so I think there is some some interesting  challenges here and um I'm waiting to see if   there's anything I should have picked up from the  chat from you guys yeah there's a there's a lot in   there and uh one thing I was just gonna ask that  we kind of just Define what is hybrid I think a   hybrid means a lot of different things to a lot  of different people so how how did you define   it when going about the research okay so it's a  petrol engine and batteries no no sorry exactly   this is the trouble we've got hybrid cars  we've got hybrid working I saw the term the   other day hybrid war with regards to what's  going on with Russia and Ukraine and I was   just like what is this because they were talking  about it's social it's political it's economic   and I just thought that was war  generally but maybe I don't know   so this word hybrid is kind of really challenging  the way I look at this for learning is um if we   start with Blended learning and Blended learning  usually means a really good mix of let's do some   e-learning let's do something face to face let's  do some virtual stuff let's have some coaching   and picking the right modalities for The Learning  Journey that people are on so that is one thing   and a lot of people are using the term hybrid  training or learning to Define what I call Blended   and what that term has been around for as long  as I can remember so the hybrid is when you have   some people virtual like we are today we're all  you know Canada America UK all around the world   and also when you have some people together so  that could be 5 10 50 people in one room or it   could be more than one location so traditionally  it might be right we've got people in the Berlin   office and we've got 20 people online around the  world that is a hybrid live synchronous session   so the it's the it's the the the the fact that in  your definition what is what is different than the   Blended is that it's synchronous it's everybody's  doing it at the same time they're just using   different modalities to access the same thing  versus a blended structure which takes you through   different modalities for different potential  content uh areas Etc as part of a pathway then   cool yeah absolutely that's that's good to know  because I have kind of always how you defined the   how you defined Blended learning is how I've often  thought of hybrid learning and when people mention   the phrase that it's that it's a that it's a mix  of e-learning in classroom micro learning you know   stuff before the classroom the actual activities  and things in the classroom and then some post   uh you know event you know slow drip learning or  reminders all that kind of whatever terms we want   to use for it right um yeah that's kind of how I  always thought it but I I might have to rethink   that now I like how you guys do that well it's  I the reason I think it's separate is for that   point that it's the synchronous pause you know  we I don't think Blended learning is synchronous   like you say it's about the journey and that could  be a week it could be six week it could be a year   um it could be self-directed learning what I  decide to do one day is read a book watch a   video whatever or it could be the program that's  designed and put on offer from the organization   so I think that's why it's important to use that  term Blended and not in the term of you know oh   that rubbish Blended learning I've got to do  in the learning course so it's just like no   that's that's just badly learning um you know  it's about using these terms kind of properly   and designing and delivering them really  well so they don't get that poor reputation   got it and and Jennifer and chat has put hybrid  session versus hybrid learning so I think a hybrid   maybe you're picking up on my language Jennifer  I I'm not sure if what exactly that question is   but by session I'm in a learning session  a training session a learning intervention   um but also you know we can have hybrid work  which is not synchronous necessarily although   some people might be at home some people might  be in the office and we can have hybrid meetings   which are synchronous so it's a real challenge um  how we look at this um but either way it's about   some people being together and some people  being live online that's kind of the basics   that's a that's it's a great simple way to look  at it there there's an interesting question in   the question box that I wanted to make sure we  got to um today and um there's no name next to   it so I'm just going to ask the question what rate  do we have to insist people connect on our terms   surely we're the ones who should be respecting the  people engaging with us I found that to be kind of   interesting and for a lot of different reasons  how what do you think I love that I absolutely   love that whoever wrote that user zero two  one nine seven three blah whatever you are   um and I think there's a couple of ways that  we can look at this so so maybe this came off   the back of the webcam conversation is where I'm  assuming this came from and I we absolutely should   be respecting people that are engaging with  us so for example when um Chris was talking   about you know your adult Learners if you need  to answer that email from your boss you get the   head you know we're respecting where people are in  their life in their work where they are physically   um and the other way to look at this as well and  the reason that I talk so much about interaction   and all of this stuff is that we should be  honoring the lifetime people are with us all of   you guys today nearly a hundred of you are I hope  investing but at least spending an hour here live   online with me with Chris with Brent and we've got  to respect that and make the most of it for you   so the other way of looking at this though about  insisting people connect on our terms is there   really is a certain level of you know we are  the organization that employs you or we are the   organization that's asked you attend this training  to develop your skills to use in our business   or in my case I'm a vendor and I'm a specialist so  there's an element of you might not want to do it   this way as a learner but I'm going to ask you  to trust me that this is the best thing and the   best way for you to learn so on our learning it's  not really a management system but on our kind of   course Hub as we call it where we've got all our  resources and everything one of the first things   we ask people to read is about Active Learning and  there's a link to a bit of research and whatnot   and it basically says we're going to make you do  stuff and we're going to ask you to reflect and   we're going to get you involved and you might  not want to but you'll learn stuff and it's the   best way for you to do it and that's what we're  kind of saying there because therefore you need   to meet me on my terms to a certain degree but  it's how you get those and weave those together   that is the r and the science of what we do  but great question mm-hmm yeah I love that   oh is Andrew who asked a question I  knew it was from someone clever Andrew yeah the the the the the the Blended hybrid  thing um I think I mentioned in a tweet or   commenting on LinkedIn was uh seems to be a  pretty Hot Topic at Devlin this year so I was   um it's I'm glad we had a chance to have this  conversation um about that for sure from a   um uh well yeah jump into the slides here  we go because my slides might answer your   question okay well I was just thinking maybe in  uh you know the the remaining few minutes of our   conversation today we we maybe do talk about  some of the technical stuff dive a little deep   or maybe uh you know uh a quick quick couple you  know quick hit tips or you know what's your you   know how do you use the tools that you have that  kind of thing okay so let me run through a couple   of quick things on the recommendations I see  Jeff's not question as well and I will answer that   um because I wanted to share one thing  in particular which is um we've got in   the report a journey map um a kind of stepped  process you can go through whatever it might be   and whilst this isn't answering kind of the deep  technical questions I think the point here is it   allows organizations and individuals and with and  teams as well to look at where am I where are we   at stage one stage two how do we move on from  this what management communication do we need   um and what do we need to do and things like at  the bottom here of the green of this blue section   let me go back it says exploit stable technology  and use add-on apps well if you haven't got access   to the technology if you haven't got a Senior  Management people talking to it so that l d and it   can talk together or you know none of that stuff  is going to work so I think that kind of thing is   really important to go and share so that's why  I wanted to kind of quickly jump to that one   um in terms of the technology um do you have  to write about making it scalable for hybrid   technology so a lot of it depends on your budget  it depends on how much and how often this is   likely to be the case in your organization and  it will also depend on the skills of the people   involved and the people involved is not just the  trainer it's not just I am designing my session   and then I'm going to run my session whether  it's face-to-face or virtual it can be but it   probably shouldn't it should be involving people  in the physical location which might be where the   trainer is it might involve people in the remote  location so for example you might have 10 people   in the Sydney office together as opposed to  everybody in Australia at their own computer   so we have to think about lots of different  ways that this might work and the key things   we have to think about is that everyone so that's  virtual attendees physical attendees which could   be more than one location and the facilitator  and any support staff all need to be able to see   hear and do the same things so this means what  cameras what laptops what Audio Connections how   we're going to have breakout rooms inside of our  conversations how can we make sure that somebody   interrupting can hear somebody else how can a  facilitator see all of the attendees how can   all of the attendees so all of the other attendees  I'm going to stop and take a breath there's a lot so you know in terms of which Tech Jeff I wish  I could answer that for you and say you just   need this this and this and job done but it  depends whether you've got no budget or 30   000 Euro budget um and and anything in between  but if you think about that see here do and   every part of that puzzle needs to be able to  do that together that at least starts you in   that right direction I love that yep see here  dude let's make that a phrase let's make that   a thing do you have T-shirts with that on it  do you know what I should do I should get a   mug there we go there you go definitely see  here do all the time that's what we do but well uh see here and and do do put into the chat  I know Mike shared it once already put a link to   uh where folks can connect uh with you but more  particularly find the report in case they want to   dig into it more that's Mike's  cue to start hey copy and pasting um and oh I hear the music um and Joe as always  it's lovely to see you on idiotic with us and   thanks so much thanks so much for being able to  jump in and share this stuff with us I think I'm   looking forward to seeing what happens for next  year's version or next year's iteration of this   information to see are we making progress are  things getting better are people getting better   at doing this thing and Chris uh who brings  us idiotic today oh funny you should ask that   Brent idiotic is of course sponsored by dominKnow  Learning Systems um we do some pretty cool things   here ourselves in terms of e-learning authoring  and more um and I'm just looking for the oh there   it is the copy paste on my side I was a little  slow there goes the pace yes you're interested   in learning there's a link in the chat uh that  can help you find out more about dominKnow | ONE   we'd love to also talk with you more um as always  now yeah and thanks so much to the folks in the   chat this has been one of the best chatty sessions  we've had in a while so there's lots of good stuff   going on there you guys are great we love the chat  room Let's Dance on out of here yeah thanks gang oh yeah I love the special effects yeah  excellent Joe [Music] adios everybody

instructional designers and offices drinking nbsp coffee is brought to you by dominknow makers nbsp nbsp of dominknow one the cloud based authoring nbsp tool for e learning learn how your team can nbsp nbsp work together better at dominknow com nbsp now here is this week is episode and there it is the most in the theme song that is a good poll i nbsp kind of dig the walking bass line myself nbsp nbsp stay everybody 0 shoot the b volume is really low whoa that is nbsp nbsp it is more like be quiet wow that was nbsp harsh hope everybody woke up on that there is always got to be one glitch after dev nbsp learn right i and i was just getting set for you i am sorry man bummer look at all that weather in the chat chris nbsp man we got people giving reports from all over we nbsp nbsp have fantastic folks from all over the globe nbsp as usual yeah sounds like it is a good day in nbsp nbsp chicago let us face it it is a good day everywhere nbsp it honored me anyway however the weather mayor and nbsp nbsp may not be good for you right let us let us make nbsp sure that we are not confusing weather with you nbsp nbsp know the fact that 0 we get to be here we do nbsp get to be here it is wednesday and we can make nbsp nbsp your day better by just being here 0 that is a nbsp lot i am not going to lie that is is that too much nbsp nbsp pressure well that quick chris let us take the nbsp pressure off us who is our guest today i know anyway folks we have joe cook with us joe is nbsp been with us a few times previously but in nbsp nbsp case it is your 1st time meeting joe here nbsp on idiotic with us joe introduce yourself to our nbsp nbsp gang here i will introduce myself well it is lovely nbsp to be back there is so many fabulous names that i nbsp nbsp recognize and so many fabulous names i do not nbsp recognize but hope to recognize in the future nbsp nbsp i am in the uk so as andrew says it is not great it nbsp is cold and gray there is no surprise there you are nbsp nbsp absolutely right andrew and what i have been nbsp doing for the last nearly 10 years is running nbsp nbsp light bulb moment and that is all about virtual nbsp design virtual delivery it is all live online stuff nbsp nbsp and i have been working in learning and development nbsp for 25 years for cnn time warner turner nbsp nbsp broadcasting that whole big kind of company also nbsp further in higher education the charity sector i nbsp nbsp will not bore you with all of that hello jennifer nbsp and what i have been doing recently which is why nbsp nbsp i am here is talking and researching about stuff nbsp that is virtual and hybrid but actual research not nbsp nbsp just what i think obviously is really important nbsp but what other people think and analyzing and nbsp nbsp all sorts of stuff and so the other person that is nbsp with me today that is not on screen because i like nbsp nbsp to hog all the limelight myself is my business nbsp partner and brother mike he is in the chat you can nbsp nbsp say hello to him and he will share all sorts of nbsp links and i get to order him around so things like nbsp nbsp please share the link to our website nbsp so people know where to find us nbsp nbsp which he will happily do right now that is what nbsp i am here to do today very cool it is mark magic nbsp nbsp right like you you could just sort of have skipped nbsp telling people mike was there and you could have nbsp nbsp just done like i am going to go ahead and put my link nbsp in the chat yeah i just need like light bulb magic nbsp nbsp is the account name instead of his name if we nbsp get rid of him completely that would just you nbsp nbsp know make it much better make it look like 0 nbsp he could just be sick and daiquiris on the beach nbsp nbsp yeah well then i would be with him but that is a nbsp whole other one that is a whole other story yeah so we are here today we are here today to nbsp discuss the results of a research project that nbsp nbsp you and gene daly have been doing and nbsp you did start this out and we talked a nbsp nbsp bit about this last year sort of the initial nbsp phase of this of this research and before i nbsp nbsp forget i will toss in a link to last year is nbsp episode if anybody ever wants to go back nbsp nbsp i am going to throw that in there to the chat in nbsp case anybody wants to go revisit that after we are nbsp nbsp done here see compare and contrast there will be a nbsp quiz after you know and we will ask you right to nbsp nbsp compose a small essay not you joe other people nbsp yeah you know and anyway so what is new tell us 1st of all i guess what the basis nbsp you know the research project it was about what nbsp nbsp you have been looking at and how you have been doing nbsp it and those sorts of things and absolutely so nbsp nbsp so as he said it is with jane daly it is 2 of us nbsp and she bought all of her research and analysis nbsp nbsp and behavioral science stuff to this report and nbsp obviously i could not have done this without her nbsp nbsp and obviously i am bringing all of the virtual nbsp and hybrid stuff and you know there is a crossover nbsp nbsp of experience of course but that is kind nbsp of where that came from now in terms of like nbsp nbsp you know why have we done this well what we have nbsp been looking at is we thought that you know since nbsp nbsp covid obviously the entire world went virtual nbsp but and whilst there is some research out there nbsp nbsp we did not think that there was enough to tell nbsp us about what people liked what people wanted nbsp nbsp from their virtual and hybrid offerings what nbsp they needed how they were reacting to things nbsp nbsp and we know that you know asking people what nbsp they want is not always the best thing it is nbsp nbsp just like well i want chocolate and daiquiris nbsp however i know i need exercise and fruit so nbsp nbsp you know we know that there is a a crossing nbsp point here but what people are interested in nbsp nbsp and what they need is really important we also nbsp wanted to help facilitators designers managers nbsp nbsp stakeholders senior decision makers because this nbsp is not just what do i design in my session and what nbsp nbsp do i do this goes all the way up to the chain to nbsp what is the corporate culture or the culture in nbsp nbsp your organization and why us well as i said it is nbsp about the experience that we both bring to this nbsp nbsp and that is the lovely jane there the picture nbsp and there is more about us in the report as well nbsp nbsp so that is kind of why we did it and why we looked nbsp at this topic in particular and obviously hybrid nbsp nbsp has exploded as everybody is starting going nbsp back to conferences back to work and so on so i mean let us talk about that next square nbsp in your in your display here who did you talk to nbsp nbsp to to gather this info then yeah so we put out nbsp a really big survey and i say really big it was nbsp nbsp you know detailed it had lots of questions nbsp in it but hopefully it was not too onerous nbsp nbsp and what we have in terms of people nbsp responding we had nearly 200 respondents nbsp nbsp which is absolutely brilliant because jane nbsp and i are uk based unsurprisingly most people nbsp nbsp that responded were in the uk we did have a u s nbsp respondent but also we had people from around nbsp nbsp other countries as well and there was a really nbsp broad spectrum of ages of types of work types of nbsp nbsp organization there were some peaks and troughs nbsp in there as you can see on this information but nbsp nbsp actually what you have got here is i think nbsp it is really important because you could look nbsp nbsp at this and go 0 well there is kind of nothing nbsp interesting here it is like lots of different nbsp nbsp organization lots of sizes so what but the way nbsp that i look at this is well it does not matter nbsp nbsp if i am in a small or large organization charity nbsp or corporate whether i am a younger old person nbsp nbsp whether i am senior or not senior there is stuff nbsp i can take from this it is actually universal nbsp nbsp challenge and therefore there are some universal nbsp solutions to this as well very cool very cool nbsp nbsp so it was there 1st off anything that really nbsp surprised you in in the results that you guys had that is a really good question i think nbsp a couple of the things that surprised me nbsp nbsp and they were not massive surprises but it is always nbsp interesting what people actually tell you so we nbsp nbsp split the report into kind of 3 main areas nbsp one of which is the learner perspective and i nbsp nbsp think one of the things that came through really nbsp strongly is we asked people right when you are nbsp nbsp attending a virtual classroom what is it that you nbsp want to attend what kind of live online learning nbsp nbsp and most of the people here responded in nbsp that big purple section at the top said i nbsp nbsp want it facilitated and i want a small virtual nbsp classroom where there is up to 10 people but we nbsp nbsp asked organizations well how many people do you nbsp normally have on your virtual sessions they go nbsp nbsp well up to 15 people and i am actually a really nbsp small number said below 10 and so on so that nbsp nbsp was a real disparity to me we want small groups nbsp and then organizations going we want big groups nbsp nbsp and and did you have any insight from nbsp from the research you know the survey etc nbsp nbsp as to why people felt they preferred small groups nbsp versus a larger group yeah some of the things nbsp nbsp that we thought now this is not kind of a direct nbsp answer to your question but i think it we can nbsp nbsp have an inference from this so one of the things nbsp that we asked is about people is in the impact on nbsp nbsp their well being of attending these virtual nbsp and hybrid sessions and 57 of the people that nbsp nbsp responded said virtual sessions make me feel tired nbsp and i am a facilitator they make me feel tired but you can also see here these are other nbsp kind of things we get frustrated with tech nbsp nbsp issues it is hard to concentrate and so on and nbsp i think if we look at this from the point of view nbsp nbsp of what people like and what they do not like nbsp then it is easy to understand well why are you nbsp nbsp tired why can not you concentrate and so if in nbsp that left hand section people are saying well nbsp nbsp we have got other attendees that do not know how to nbsp use the platform the connectivity does not work nbsp nbsp sound does not work my facilitator has not designed nbsp the session specifically for zoom teams whatever nbsp nbsp the facilitator just talks way too much and nbsp actually the facilitator does not understand the nbsp nbsp technology we have we have all been on the sessions nbsp where someone is muted we get that that is still nbsp nbsp a thing but when you know the only interaction nbsp you get is can you see my screen can you see this nbsp nbsp slide you know this is why people are saying we nbsp do not like it we feel tired we can not concentrate nbsp nbsp but when they get what they want i e a great nbsp facilitator when they have the opportunity to nbsp nbsp interact in opportunities an important point it is nbsp not saying 0 well i want to interact and have to nbsp nbsp every single time just like we have got nearly 90 nbsp people here there are not 90 people continuously nbsp nbsp typing in the chat which is a good thing i nbsp would not keep up with it but you have got nbsp nbsp the opportunity to say something to comment and nbsp to ask when you want to the sessions have to be nbsp nbsp designed for virtual so when you have got those kind nbsp of things going on that is when you get the good nbsp nbsp sessions but of course it means as professionals nbsp well we need time to learn what best practice nbsp nbsp is and in other parts of the research we found nbsp that while some people are saying yeah there is nbsp nbsp some good practice other people are saying nbsp we do not get trapped against good practice nbsp nbsp so if we do not have the tech skills and the time nbsp and the investment in us well we are not going to nbsp nbsp be able to deliver the good sessions and i nbsp think the challenges from an organization point nbsp nbsp of view how do you do that how do you justify that nbsp and that goes into those much bigger conversations nbsp nbsp yeah i think the that that nbsp particular conversation about nbsp nbsp the the training department is being prepared nbsp to support the need i think that shows up in a nbsp nbsp lot of other different reports too out in the nbsp industry and it is interesting to to see that nbsp nbsp reflected here as well absolutely now i love some nbsp of the comments in the in the chat as well nbsp nbsp where john kissinger is saying yep vil nbsp definitely breeds fatigue if not designed and nbsp nbsp facilitated for maximum engagement and value and nbsp that is why i love what i do to honestly well no nbsp nbsp because i love when people at the end of nbsp the sessions go wow i did not realize 2 hours nbsp nbsp went past so quickly wow i have not looked at my nbsp email once it is like there you go you can do it nbsp nbsp and also kevin makes a really great point that nbsp all those well being issues i have shared you can nbsp nbsp see them being more challenging in larger groups nbsp and that is why the small groups are so important nbsp nbsp so it is a great point thank you yeah i think i have nbsp even just you are not going back to university nbsp nbsp experience you get the the small group with nbsp the ta you know of 10 or 20 people maybe in nbsp nbsp a room well you can ask questions you can you know nbsp but the main lecture is 500 people in the hall nbsp nbsp well all the lecturer is really going to be able nbsp to do is talk to you maybe answer a couple of nbsp nbsp questions along along the way and and similarly nbsp you know if you are if your instructor led is nbsp nbsp moving on to a a virtual platform but all you nbsp do is talk at people well and it recorded as a nbsp nbsp video and at least people can pause when they need nbsp they need a break you know and then you know you nbsp nbsp to chop it up and do it and then you can use nbsp clips of it if it is part of your blended learning nbsp nbsp program so there is all this available to us but nbsp it comes back to that point of organizations nbsp nbsp whether that is corporate charity or or an nbsp academic organization saying we are going nbsp nbsp to invest in you we are going to give you the nbsp time to learn these things and give you access nbsp nbsp to the right tools for the job you know i can nbsp go and edit something on microsoft video editor nbsp nbsp whatever it was and i have done that but i have still nbsp wanted to upgrade to camtasia or something else thinking about gail is mentioning what is nbsp strange is that organized organizations nbsp nbsp understand this concept in face to face but nbsp but not in virtual and i think there is often nbsp nbsp that just the you know the convenience the nbsp budget the get or done aspect you know 0 well nbsp nbsp let us put 500 people in this session you nbsp know and then and then it is done it is out of nbsp nbsp the way it is it is finished it is complete but nbsp whether we are doing this face to face or we are nbsp nbsp doing something virtual or we are even just nbsp doing an asynchronously learning you really nbsp nbsp still have to come back to the standard value nbsp ad so the standard purpose of what we have to nbsp nbsp do which is to teach people to be able to do nbsp something not simply tell them things right nbsp nbsp you know that involves things like nbsp you know reflection and practice and and nbsp nbsp application goals those sorts of critical things nbsp rather than simply the attend this webinar and nbsp nbsp keep your camera on so we know that you are nbsp watching the screen the whole time 0 god no nbsp nbsp do not say that you are you are right and and these nbsp are kind of some of the challenges we have did i nbsp nbsp have this just now let me go and see if nbsp i can find a bit of information but one of nbsp nbsp the the things that we have as professionals is nbsp when we never intended to be a virtual trainer nbsp nbsp so you know then kovid came along and made nbsp everyone a virtual trainer in the entire world nbsp nbsp and the trouble is that people were not ready nbsp for that they did not want to they thought it was nbsp nbsp this complete new skill set they thought they would nbsp lose touch with people and if you do it wrong then nbsp nbsp yeah it can feel that way and the bottom right nbsp hand corner of this challenge for professionals nbsp nbsp one of this is attendees being disinclined to nbsp keep their cameras on so i would really like to know nbsp nbsp kind of in in the chat you know how many of you nbsp either delivering training or attending meetings nbsp nbsp or whatever kind of your work might be how many of nbsp you find that people are disinclined to keep their nbsp nbsp cameras on so how many of you or people you attend nbsp with can i go nope no camera from me it would just be nbsp nbsp interesting to get that that sense in the chat nbsp but there are all sorts of reasons for it could be nbsp nbsp bandwidth could be personal it could be i like to nbsp look out the window and think and i can not do that nbsp nbsp on camera or you have invited me to a meeting that nbsp is going to be of no use to me whatsoever and no nbsp nbsp benefit for me attending so i want to get through nbsp my email instead and the same applies to learning nbsp nbsp so it depends on the type of meeting maybe 50 nbsp 50 if they do they are not paying attention 50 50 nbsp nbsp interesting gail says just ran a session nbsp this morning 3 women on webcam 2 men nbsp nbsp camera off you know it is a tiny sample nbsp but it is an interesting story is not it nbsp nbsp jb says 92 of 1600 learners found seeing nbsp another person helps them make a human connection nbsp nbsp and there is all sorts of research on that nbsp what michael do is on our community we have nbsp nbsp got a webcam kind of research kind of threads nbsp there and he will go and share the link to that nbsp nbsp so there is loads of research to say yes do it and nbsp there is loads of research about video in in kind nbsp nbsp of e learning that you can apply but there is nbsp also research that says it is fatiguing and we nbsp nbsp have to look at ourselves on camera and all of nbsp that stuff so it is just finding that balance i most of my sessions when i am using a virtual nbsp tool are relatively smaller groups you know and nbsp nbsp then the 10 sometimes occasionally up to 20 nbsp and my preference is to just tell people you know nbsp nbsp leave it on if you want no need to have it on nbsp i do often have to do sessions from my home or nbsp nbsp bandwidth is poor so i typically and those nbsp do not even run my own video except for you nbsp nbsp know saying you know introducing my face at the nbsp beginning of the session you know time together nbsp nbsp etc but then again those are long sessions nbsp we are teaching you know people say for you know nbsp nbsp 3 or 4 hour you know block obviously nbsp breaks and all that stuff but you know trying nbsp nbsp to have someone hold their facial expression and nbsp not scratch their nose you know we are human just nbsp nbsp turn your video camera off and you are adults i nbsp trust you you know if you are here because you are nbsp nbsp you are learning something i i trust you that is nbsp part of i feel it is the you know it is the nbsp nbsp the contract i make is that you are adults nbsp you are in charge of your own learning i am nbsp nbsp here to to to guide you through all of this etc nbsp but if you know hey if that email comes with that nbsp nbsp exclamation mark and it is from your boss i am not nbsp going to tell you no can you turn your camera like nbsp nbsp i am not more important than the boss so i think nbsp i think too often there is this presumption that nbsp nbsp you know if if these folks were in a room nbsp with me they would still be picking up their phone nbsp nbsp and checking their emails they would still have other nbsp things going on you know if we were all live in nbsp nbsp the same room doing this stuff too why should nbsp that change you know in a virtual environment nbsp nbsp and and it is really interesting mike is just nbsp sharing in the chat we ran a session this nbsp nbsp week where people are starting to actually have nbsp anxiety when they can not have their web so we had nbsp nbsp a lady who was using her mobile phone as a hotspot nbsp because she was having internet trouble and so if nbsp nbsp she came on webcam we just could not hear her audio nbsp at all and she was saying that i am still here and nbsp nbsp paying attention i promise i feel so bad and we are nbsp talking about webcams and we are like we are cool nbsp nbsp we are fine do not worry because guess what there is nbsp this thing called digital body language and you are nbsp nbsp answering things in chat and you are adding stuff nbsp on the whiteboard and you are clicking the hand up nbsp nbsp clicking the green check mark and you know i am nbsp not worried about you not being here and to your nbsp nbsp point chris if you are not here i trust you need to nbsp be somewhere else yeah i think i think that that is nbsp nbsp a that is a great point joe in that the design of nbsp the engagement should encourage the engagement nbsp nbsp there is we should not have gimmicks and be forcing nbsp people to you know hey we do not you know we do not nbsp nbsp we do not trust you or whatever that whatever nbsp however we refer to it right you got to have your nbsp nbsp camera on because we want to make sure you are nbsp engaged instead why do not we look at it as an nbsp nbsp opportunity and say we should be redesigning our nbsp training and our courses so that we are constantly nbsp nbsp allowing those attendees to engage with us in nbsp digital ways to your point right like with the nbsp nbsp white board the the clicking the raising the hand nbsp the typing in the chat like we do here i got to say nbsp nbsp you know but one of the things i absolutely love nbsp about crowdcast and doing these live streams and nbsp nbsp and doing idiotic is the chat room you folks nbsp hanging out with us and you know letting it be nbsp nbsp all of us a community to me is the this is the nbsp best part about this you know having guests is nbsp nbsp fantastic but if it was just the 3 of us nbsp you you know it might get kind of old after a nbsp nbsp while it is fun to get 0 speak to yourself as well nbsp okay maybe that was maybe i put that the wrong way nbsp nbsp you know i love the variety let us put it that way nbsp yeah it is the problem when we are just presenting nbsp nbsp in a webinar or a lecture or something and there nbsp are space and times where that is appropriate and nbsp nbsp really good and they can be great but one of the nbsp problems it generates is we do not have anything to nbsp nbsp bounce off of we do not have anything where i can nbsp kind of like john is saying let us hear it for the nbsp nbsp chat room you know there is nothing me to respond nbsp to if there is nothing there that people are doing nbsp nbsp if there is no feedback right and then if we were nbsp talking about this from a learning point of view nbsp nbsp you know if i am asking you a question what does nbsp 2 2 mean and everybody types 5 in the nbsp nbsp chat i need to go over some basic stuff with you nbsp there is that learning feedback as well so yeah nbsp nbsp if i am not saying woot that is no not me it is nbsp really important that we have that interaction nbsp nbsp and i think the instructional design nbsp point of view is really important because nbsp nbsp good learning design is good learning design nbsp it does not matter whether it is e learning whether nbsp nbsp it is video whether it is virtual whether it is face nbsp to face or not but each of those things needs nbsp nbsp their specialism i am not an e learning designer nbsp i have done it i can do it but that does not make me nbsp nbsp good at it that does not make me under understand nbsp the nuances of how people learn that way nbsp nbsp so just like you know you can be a great nbsp trainer you can be a great virtual trainer nbsp nbsp but you have got to learn those new things to help nbsp you and that is where a report like this comes in nbsp nbsp is it is saying hey look learners are saying nbsp this and professionals are saying we have nbsp nbsp got challenges with this so we are trying to say nbsp to organizations maybe you need to think about nbsp nbsp this because it is not just about making sure l nbsp d are happy or making sure your staff are okay nbsp nbsp it is making sure they can do their job so that nbsp your business succeeds and that your clients nbsp nbsp are happy in whatever fashion that takes for your nbsp organization yeah jb had a reference in the in nbsp nbsp the chat a little bit ago about you know having nbsp the web camera on if it is just present presentism nbsp nbsp then it is not an effective tool and gail is nbsp comment earlier in the chat as well about having nbsp nbsp whatsapp situated on her monitor people are going nbsp to game it anyway right you know everyone is nbsp nbsp playing you know video games maybe right below nbsp their webcast it looks like they are looking at nbsp nbsp the screen you know you have to you have to be nbsp prepared to treat people like adults 1st off nbsp nbsp that is which is sort of a strange thing to say nbsp maybe but sometimes we need to be reminded nbsp nbsp of that and me and me great point too a helper nbsp is nice we like to call that helper the producer nbsp nbsp absolutely and and also i mean we were teaching nbsp this just this week is yeah it is amazing that nbsp nbsp i have got my keys on 99 of my sessions and do not nbsp tell him but to be honest i find him invaluable nbsp nbsp now even though for 5 years i ran light bulb nbsp moment without him fine and it could happen again nbsp nbsp just keep that in mind okay just easy where but nbsp the point being you know is you can do it without nbsp nbsp that 2nd person and most of us probably have nbsp to do it without that 2nd person so then it is nbsp nbsp looking at the techniques that we use and and nbsp that is probably a bit too much detail for today nbsp nbsp but just one really good example is i can be the nbsp one to decide and communicate to you how that will nbsp nbsp work so for example today i could have said i am nbsp not paying attention to chat moving too quickly i nbsp nbsp can not cope with it but if you have a question you nbsp want me to answer guess what there is a question nbsp nbsp section at the bottom and i will look at that so nbsp that is just one example of us taking control of nbsp nbsp the platform and what we are doing and not letting nbsp up it control us for sure let us circle back to nbsp nbsp to the research study again anything you know nbsp what else what else did you find as part of nbsp nbsp the survey that you guys were doing 0 sorts of nbsp stuff so i think one of the things that probably nbsp nbsp is going to be kind of interesting for people nbsp is it is a relatively new kind of area is this nbsp nbsp hybrid perspective and of course you can let us nbsp know in the chat or you can ask a question if nbsp nbsp you are thinking you know you have got particular nbsp experiences or feelings or questions about this nbsp nbsp and i think that is a kind of a really nbsp important area to look at because it is new nbsp nbsp for a lot of people so we ask people kind nbsp of what type of sessions they were offering nbsp nbsp huge amount of webinars and classrooms a few nbsp conferences some coaching assessments and nbsp nbsp hybrid was kind of way down towards the bottom nbsp so a really low percentage of people doing this nbsp nbsp which is kind of interesting in itself we also nbsp asked kind of what are the kind of differences nbsp nbsp that learning professionals are experiencing nbsp when we compare it to virtual classrooms and nbsp nbsp i think understanding what it is and how it is nbsp different is really important and we have probably nbsp nbsp all experienced this in different ways where nbsp management go 0 let us do this new shiny thing i nbsp nbsp learned about at a conference that they have learned nbsp this week or whatever it might be without really nbsp nbsp understanding it i remember working on 70 2010 nbsp stuff with charles jennings and it was just like nbsp nbsp right let us do 70 2010 it is just like let us pay nbsp for someone expensive with a big name and go and nbsp nbsp do the latest greatest thing and not necessarily nbsp letting charles free to do the amazing work that nbsp nbsp he can so i think when people do not understand nbsp even what virtual is let alone what hybrid is nbsp nbsp we have to think about that another great nbsp point in the middle here is about the quality nbsp nbsp before you get to hybrid so if your virtual nbsp quality is not great quite frankly your hybrid nbsp nbsp quality is not going to be either nbsp because hybrid is a subset of virtual nbsp nbsp and as it says here at the bottom well you nbsp need to be great virtual trainers before you nbsp nbsp can tackle hybrid so last year i co designed nbsp and co hosted the speaks exchange conference and nbsp nbsp that was a hybrid conference we are doing it again nbsp this year it is later this month and it takes a lot nbsp nbsp of tech it takes a lot of planning it takes an nbsp in person facilitator and an online facilitator nbsp nbsp which is me and i think the trouble is people nbsp do not realize just how expensive that is and nbsp nbsp how challenging that is and then if we broaden nbsp that out a bit so this is looking at virtual and nbsp nbsp hybrid there is a real disparity here between the nbsp answers we have got where people are saying that nbsp nbsp they feel capable of designing and delivering nbsp virtual and hybrid versus feeling confident nbsp nbsp and you know we could go into a lot of detail nbsp here one example one way we could take this is nbsp nbsp well i feel capable of the stuff i can do i am nbsp sorry i feel confident in the stuff that i can nbsp nbsp do the kind of beginner intermediate maybe but nbsp i actually do not feel capable of a lot of other nbsp nbsp stuff but the other way we could look at this is nbsp the dunning kruger effect which is unconscious nbsp nbsp incompetence if i think i have got that wrong nbsp that is a tricky one for me to say this afternoon nbsp nbsp so i think there is some some interesting nbsp challenges here and i am waiting to see if nbsp nbsp there is anything i should have picked up from the nbsp chat from you guys yeah there is a there is a lot in nbsp nbsp there and one thing i was just going to ask that nbsp we kind of just define what is hybrid i think a nbsp nbsp hybrid means a lot of different things to a lot nbsp of different people so how how did you define nbsp nbsp it when going about the research okay so it is a nbsp petrol engine and batteries no no sorry exactly nbsp nbsp this is the trouble we have got hybrid cars nbsp we have got hybrid working i saw the term the nbsp nbsp other day hybrid war with regards to what is nbsp going on with russia and ukraine and i was nbsp nbsp just like what is this because they were talking nbsp about it is social it is political it is economic nbsp nbsp and i just thought that was war nbsp generally but maybe i do not know nbsp nbsp so this word hybrid is kind of really challenging nbsp the way i look at this for learning is if we nbsp nbsp start with blended learning and blended learning nbsp usually means a really good mix of let us do some nbsp nbsp e learning let us do something face to face let us nbsp do some virtual stuff let us have some coaching nbsp nbsp and picking the right modalities for the learning nbsp journey that people are on so that is one thing nbsp nbsp and a lot of people are using the term hybrid nbsp training or learning to define what i call blended nbsp nbsp and what that term has been around for as long nbsp as i can remember so the hybrid is when you have nbsp nbsp some people virtual like we are today we are all nbsp you know canada america uk all around the world nbsp nbsp and also when you have some people together so nbsp that could be 5 10 50 people in one room or it nbsp nbsp could be more than one location so traditionally nbsp it might be right we have got people in the berlin nbsp nbsp office and we have got 20 people online around the nbsp world that is a hybrid live synchronous session nbsp nbsp so the it is the it is the the the the fact that in nbsp your definition what is what is different than the nbsp nbsp blended is that it is synchronous it is everybody is nbsp doing it at the same time they are just using nbsp nbsp different modalities to access the same thing nbsp versus a blended structure which takes you through nbsp nbsp different modalities for different potential nbsp content areas etc as part of a pathway then nbsp nbsp cool yeah absolutely that is that is good to know nbsp because i have kind of always how you defined the nbsp nbsp how you defined blended learning is how i have often nbsp thought of hybrid learning and when people mention nbsp nbsp the phrase that it is that it is a that it is a mix nbsp of e learning in classroom micro learning you know nbsp nbsp stuff before the classroom the actual activities nbsp and things in the classroom and then some post nbsp nbsp you know event you know slow drip learning or nbsp reminders all that kind of whatever terms we want nbsp nbsp to use for it right yeah that is kind of how i nbsp always thought it but i i might have to rethink nbsp nbsp that now i like how you guys do that well it is nbsp i the reason i think it is separate is for that nbsp nbsp point that it is the synchronous pause you know nbsp we i do not think blended learning is synchronous nbsp nbsp like you say it is about the journey and that could nbsp be a week it could be 6 week it could be a year nbsp nbsp it could be self directed learning what i nbsp decide to do one day is read a book watch a nbsp nbsp video whatever or it could be the program that is nbsp designed and put on offer from the organization nbsp nbsp so i think that is why it is important to use that nbsp term blended and not in the term of you know 0 nbsp nbsp that rubbish blended learning i have got to do nbsp in the learning course so it is just like no nbsp nbsp that is that is just badly learning you know nbsp it is about using these terms kind of properly nbsp nbsp and designing and delivering them really nbsp well so they do not get that poor reputation nbsp nbsp got it and and jennifer and chat has put hybrid nbsp session versus hybrid learning so i think a hybrid nbsp nbsp maybe you are picking up on my language jennifer nbsp i i am not sure if what exactly that question is nbsp nbsp but by session i am in a learning session nbsp a training session a learning intervention nbsp nbsp but also you know we can have hybrid work nbsp which is not synchronous necessarily although nbsp nbsp some people might be at home some people might nbsp be in the office and we can have hybrid meetings nbsp nbsp which are synchronous so it is a real challenge nbsp how we look at this but either way it is about nbsp nbsp some people being together and some people nbsp being live online that is kind of the basics nbsp nbsp that is a that is it is a great simple way to look nbsp at it there there is an interesting question in nbsp nbsp the question box that i wanted to make sure we nbsp got to today and there is no name next to nbsp nbsp it so i am just going to ask the question what rate nbsp do we have to insist people connect on our terms nbsp nbsp surely we are the ones who should be respecting the nbsp people engaging with us i found that to be kind of nbsp nbsp interesting and for a lot of different reasons nbsp how what do you think i love that i absolutely nbsp nbsp love that whoever wrote that user 2 nbsp 1973 blah whatever you are nbsp nbsp and i think there is a couple of ways that nbsp we can look at this so so maybe this came off nbsp nbsp the back of the webcam conversation is where i am nbsp assuming this came from and i we absolutely should nbsp nbsp be respecting people that are engaging with nbsp us so for example when chris was talking nbsp nbsp about you know your adult learners if you need nbsp to answer that email from your boss you get the nbsp nbsp head you know we are respecting where people are in nbsp their life in their work where they are physically nbsp nbsp and the other way to look at this as well and nbsp the reason that i talk so much about interaction nbsp nbsp and all of this stuff is that we should be nbsp honoring the lifetime people are with us all of nbsp nbsp you guys today nearly a 100 of you are i hope nbsp investing but at least spending an hour here live nbsp nbsp online with me with chris with brent and we have got nbsp to respect that and make the most of it for you nbsp nbsp so the other way of looking at this though about nbsp insisting people connect on our terms is there nbsp nbsp really is a certain level of you know we are nbsp the organization that employs you or we are the nbsp nbsp organization that is asked you attend this training nbsp to develop your skills to use in our business nbsp nbsp or in my case i am a vendor and i am a specialist so nbsp there is an element of you might not want to do it nbsp nbsp this way as a learner but i am going to ask you nbsp to trust me that this is the best thing and the nbsp nbsp best way for you to learn so on our learning it is nbsp not really a management system but on our kind of nbsp nbsp course hub as we call it where we have got all our nbsp resources and everything one of the 1st things nbsp nbsp we ask people to read is about active learning and nbsp there is a link to a bit of research and whatnot nbsp nbsp and it basically says we are going to make you do nbsp stuff and we are going to ask you to reflect and nbsp nbsp we are going to get you involved and you might nbsp not want to but you will learn stuff and it is the nbsp nbsp best way for you to do it and that is what we are nbsp kind of saying there because therefore you need nbsp nbsp to meet me on my terms to a certain degree but nbsp it is how you get those and weave those together nbsp nbsp that is the r and the science of what we do nbsp but great question yeah i love that nbsp nbsp 0 is andrew who asked a question i nbsp knew it was from someone clever andrew yeah the the the the the the blended hybrid nbsp thing i think i mentioned in a tweet or nbsp nbsp commenting on linkedin was seems to be a nbsp pretty hot topic at devlin this year so i was nbsp nbsp it is i am glad we had a chance to have this nbsp conversation about that for sure from a nbsp nbsp well yeah jump into the slides here nbsp we go because my slides might answer your nbsp nbsp question okay well i was just thinking maybe in nbsp you know the the remaining few minutes of our nbsp nbsp conversation today we we maybe do talk about nbsp some of the technical stuff dive a little deep nbsp nbsp or maybe you know a quick quick couple you nbsp know quick hit tips or you know what is your you nbsp nbsp know how do you use the tools that you have that nbsp kind of thing okay so let me run through a couple nbsp nbsp of quick things on the recommendations i see nbsp jeff is not question as well and i will answer that nbsp nbsp because i wanted to share one thing nbsp in particular which is we have got in nbsp nbsp the report a journey map a kind of stepped nbsp process you can go through whatever it might be nbsp nbsp and whilst this is not answering kind of the deep nbsp technical questions i think the point here is it nbsp nbsp allows organizations and individuals and with and nbsp teams as well to look at where am i where are we nbsp nbsp at stage one stage 2 how do we move on from nbsp this what management communication do we need nbsp nbsp and what do we need to do and things like at nbsp the bottom here of the green of this blue section nbsp nbsp let me go back it says exploit stable technology nbsp and use add on apps well if you have not got access nbsp nbsp to the technology if you have not got a senior nbsp management people talking to it so that l d and it nbsp nbsp can talk together or you know none of that stuff nbsp is going to work so i think that kind of thing is nbsp nbsp really important to go and share so that is why nbsp i wanted to kind of quickly jump to that one nbsp nbsp in terms of the technology do you have nbsp to write about making it scalable for hybrid nbsp nbsp technology so a lot of it depends on your budget nbsp it depends on how much and how often this is nbsp nbsp likely to be the case in your organization and nbsp it will also depend on the skills of the people nbsp nbsp involved and the people involved is not just the nbsp trainer it is not just i am designing my session nbsp nbsp and then i am going to run my session whether nbsp it is face to face or virtual it can be but it nbsp nbsp probably should not it should be involving people nbsp in the physical location which might be where the nbsp nbsp trainer is it might involve people in the remote nbsp location so for example you might have 10 people nbsp nbsp in the sydney office together as opposed to nbsp everybody in australia at their own computer nbsp nbsp so we have to think about lots of different nbsp ways that this might work and the key things nbsp nbsp we have to think about is that everyone so that is nbsp virtual attendees physical attendees which could nbsp nbsp be more than one location and the facilitator nbsp and any support staff all need to be able to see nbsp nbsp hear and do the same things so this means what nbsp cameras what laptops what audio connections how nbsp nbsp we are going to have breakout rooms inside of our nbsp conversations how can we make sure that somebody nbsp nbsp interrupting can hear somebody else how can a nbsp facilitator see all of the attendees how can nbsp nbsp all of the attendees so all of the other attendees nbsp i am going to stop and take a breath there is a lot so you know in terms of which tech jeff i wish nbsp i could answer that for you and say you just nbsp nbsp need this this and this and job done but it nbsp depends whether you have got no budget or 30 nbsp nbsp €0 budget and and anything in between nbsp but if you think about that see here do and nbsp nbsp every part of that puzzle needs to be able to nbsp do that together that at least starts you in nbsp nbsp that right direction i love that yep see here nbsp dude let us make that a phrase let us make that nbsp nbsp a thing do you have t shirts with that on it nbsp do you know what i should do i should get a nbsp nbsp mug there we go there you go definitely see nbsp here do all the time that is what we do but well see here and and do do put into the chat nbsp i know mike shared it once already put a link to nbsp nbsp where folks can connect with you but more nbsp particularly find the report in case they want to nbsp nbsp dig into it more that is mike is nbsp cue to start hey copy and pasting and 0 i hear the music and joe as always nbsp it is lovely to see you on idiotic with us and nbsp nbsp thanks so much thanks so much for being able to nbsp jump in and share this stuff with us i think i am nbsp nbsp looking forward to seeing what happens for next nbsp year is version or next year is iteration of this nbsp nbsp information to see are we making progress are nbsp things getting better are people getting better nbsp nbsp at doing this thing and chris who brings nbsp us idiotic today 0 funny you should ask that nbsp nbsp brent idiotic is of course sponsored by dominknow nbsp learning systems we do some pretty cool things nbsp nbsp here ourselves in terms of e learning authoring nbsp and more and i am just looking for the 0 there nbsp nbsp it is the copy paste on my side i was a little nbsp slow there goes the pace yes you are interested nbsp nbsp in learning there is a link in the chat that nbsp can help you find out more about dominknow one nbsp nbsp we would love to also talk with you more as always nbsp now yeah and thanks so much to the folks in the nbsp nbsp chat this has been one of the best chatty sessions nbsp we have had in a while so there is lots of good stuff nbsp nbsp going on there you guys are great we love the chat nbsp room let us dance on out of here yeah thanks gang 0 yeah i love the special effects yeah nbsp excellent joe adios everybody

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygpltxVKjaw

here's the fail for the fries number one is naughty blonde Phil Knox will drive number two is in grace and Jeff can adjourn number three Cheryl's Falcon Terry mutters number four is irons first and Ronnie March number five is battlin queen Darrell passive number six is Creed's crude oil and Dave McGee number seven fantabulous oiled marshal Duncan number right smile maker Dan Knox will drive that's the field and there's seven minutes till post field nose to the top of the turn here they come Pera it's in grace nutty blonde irons first Oh coming for the lead as they move for position and in grace no powers under command nori blonde in second but on the outside battlin queen charging third second done with a rush Batlin queen up to challenge and now take command it's injuries second it's not even in third to thank Charles Falcon holdin that turned by irons first it's crude oil fantabulous island smile maker they're moving by the quarter twenty eight and one and battle and crane Anza lead to Langston grace he's right / in second naughty blonde and third hit Cheryl's Falcon and fourth bullet on the inside it's irons first fantabulous oil trades crude oil and smile maker and they approach the half mile marker its battle and queen not a blonde is in second in Sanger ace and third followed by Cheryl spoken it's been fabulous oil and irons first the players laugh who I hum 59 seconds full that no they move another cut Al's turn and that Lynn Queen maintains a lead what naughty blonde in second its injury saving ground and third Cheryl's Falcon and forth on the inside officers it's irons first fantabulous I'll set to go three wide come smile maker no they criminal backstretch battle and Queen has the lead on the inside it's in Grayson's second but on the outside its nutty blonde under urging followed by irons first no they drive into the far turn battle and Queen has the lead in grace in second its funtime billets lawyer than third it comes lands first charging through on the inside but around the turn your leader battle in Twain here they come turning for home and battle and Klain has the lead by three lengths in grace and irons first down the stretch its battling queen at center ice here comes irons first on the inside its battling Queen at the wire number five battlin queen was first number two in grace was second number four iron's first finish third number seven punt at Mila's oil was four results are official time for the bio travel at flat and the first three finishers five-to-four that totals 11 that is under the 12 and a half line this race is an under in the winner's circle number five battle and trail Madeline Queen is owned by David young turned William Nash of Indiana trained by the Larry pence driven by Darryl bossy on driving double Batlin queen pacing to a new mark two minutes flat the five to perfect the returns 60 $8.20 6820 the trifecta five two and four returns 300 $12.20

here is the fail for the fries number one is naughty blonde phil knox will drive number 2 is in grace and jeff can adjourn number 3 cheryl is falcon terry mutters number 4 is irons 1st and ronnie march number 5 is battlin queen darrell passive number 6 is creed is crude oil and dave mcgee number 7 fantabulous oiled marshal duncan number right smile maker dan knox will drive that is the field and there is 7 minutes till post field nose to the top of the turn here they come pera it is in grace nutty blonde irons 1st 0 coming for the lead as they move for position and in grace no powers under command nori blonde in 2nd but on the outside battlin queen charging 3rd 2nd done with a rush batlin queen up to challenge and now take command it is injuries 2nd it is not even in 3rd to thank charles falcon holdin that turned by irons 1st it is crude oil fantabulous island smile maker they are moving by the quarter 28 and one and battle and crane anza lead to langston grace he is right in 2nd naughty blonde and 3rd hit cheryl is falcon and 4th bullet on the inside it is irons 1st fantabulous oil trades crude oil and smile maker and they approach the half mile marker its battle and queen not a blonde is in 2nd in sanger ace and 3rd followed by cheryl spoken it has been fabulous oil and irons 1st the players laugh who i hum 59 seconds full that no they move another cut al is turn and that lynn queen maintains a lead what naughty blonde in 2nd its injury saving ground and 3rd cheryl is falcon and forth on the inside officers it is irons 1st fantabulous i will set to go 3 wide come smile maker no they criminal backstretch battle and queen has the lead on the inside it is in grayson is 2nd but on the outside its nutty blonde under urging followed by irons 1st no they drive into the far turn battle and queen has the lead in grace in 2nd its funtime billets lawyer than 3rd it comes lands 1st charging through on the inside but around the turn your leader battle in twain here they come turning for home and battle and klain has the lead by 3 lengths in grace and irons 1st down the stretch its battling queen at center ice here comes irons 1st on the inside its battling queen at the wire number 5 battlin queen was 1st number 2 in grace was 2nd number 4 iron is 1st finish 3rd number 7 punt at mila is oil was 4 results are official time for the bio travel at flat and the 1st 3 finishers 5 to 4 that totals 11 that is under the 12 and a half line this race is an under in the winner is circle number 5 battle and trail madeline queen is owned by david young turned william nash of indiana trained by the larry pence driven by darryl bossy on driving double batlin queen pacing to a new mark 2 minutes flat the 5 to perfect the returns 60 $8.20 6820 the trifecta 52 and 4 returns 300 $12.20

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IJD5BdSJAo

there we go welcome justin thank you um so i'm here today i'm justin cheryl i work on the cachilla project which heavily uses pulp in its content management workflows and so i just wanted to talk a little bit about the state of pulp and the tele integration some of the things we've learned some of the things we're seeing um and some of the issues that we work through so first i kind of want to recap what our uh releases have looked like over the past year and a half i i it was more releases than i actually remembered i had to go back and dig through some release notes and repositories to find all this information but so we've been integrating with pulp 3 since catella 315 which was in april of 2020. and in catella 4.0 which was a year later we completely dropped pulp 2 uh which was sorry that should be pulp 3-9 not controller 39. uh and so we've had many many releases um and we've definitely seen some changes over that time which i'll talk about shortly so some first time i start off with some things that are going well the i would definitely say the stability of pulp and integrations points that we have has increased we aren't seeing um nearly as many breaking changes as we used to i think the pulp 315 and 316 upgrades have been like almost hands off uh we were seeing a lot of like class name changes in the client bindings a lot of parameter like renames things like that and we're definitely seeing those decrease as time goes on which shows us that stability is increasing and this reduces the amount of time that we have to spend integrating with it new releases and gets entire users faster and we have a lot in the community to thank for that uh the issues that the users have found and reported both to pull directly and on our community forums i think this helped incredibly to to get there um so user perception currently i think there are very few user unresolved issues we've gotten at a good pace of user reporting an issue and us getting [Music] either catello or pulp attention onto it and getting it resolved sometimes it does take you know until the next release for it to show up but at least the user will have a patch or they'll have maybe they'll have a z stream released a few weeks later that includes it and users were very willing to try pulp 3 um so we that that helped encounter all of the the initial issues and and whatnot um which was was good on our part maybe more frustrating on the user's part which i'll get to in a second as well uh the old tasking system was very unreliable the also the sort of the fact that pulp 3 didn't retry downloads it meant users really were not having success just consuming content uh from what i've seen from users on our forums catello 41z which is what uh pulled in pulp 314 got it right there was a big improvement in quality uh largely around the tasking and the download retries uh the number of issues that went away with you know i'm trying to sync apple or i'm trying to sync centos and i i just can't uh those seem to go away and i saw a lot of remarks about how pulp 314 on candela41 i was finally at you know at a point where where it was sort of usable in production some of the current and previous challenges we've had uh the time to get a new pulp version of the nightly is still kind of high it's currently about two plus weeks after release um and i'm gonna go into that entire process uh next we have a long-term goal of having nightly builds of pulp into our pipelines and in our testing so that we can encounter any issues early but we're not quite there yet and um upgrading you know used to acquire more changes as i said and a lot of times even pulp team support to understand is this change even expected right i'm seeing this this thing that's different is is that expected or is that a quirk or you know what was the underlying cause of this change to understand that we don't have that much anymore they've gone very smoothly i'm going to skip this slide and come back um this is how we sort of consume pulp versions so first pulp core and any plugins that need updating or released sort of simultaneously we have three efforts underway uh one by our our build team which is delivering rpm packages for pull core and plug-ins so they sort of start uh generating those packages we've now paralyzed this so that we we spin up a sandbox and we can update the client bindings which are rubygems and run our vcr tests which are are integration tests with pulp they're not they're not sort of end-to-end integration tests necessarily from a cantelous user perspective but they are integration tests between catello and pulp so we run those and we go and get a pr open for that and then we can also open a bindings rpm packaging pr and so these things can happen independently and then sort of once the rpm packaging is finished the other two items can be merged and so for example for 316 we've basically i think got these two items complete uh we're waiting on waiting to merge and we're just waiting on the rpm packaging for pulp core itself to finish then once those are done uh we do some small final packaging updates to point installations at the new pulp version and we run a pipeline which does final integration tests from a user perspective a catalog user perspective that does creates repositories publishes content views syncs to our smart proxies sort of does all the highlights of what a user might end up wanting to do and then we have a new version of pulp and nightly and so as i said the sort of the fastest this can go is about i would say two weeks maybe two weeks in a few days if everything just runs super smoothly and everyone has plenty of time uh to work on it the as someone who works on the team that does these the these two items the biggest thing that blocks us is the the build team building their packaging just because that's something i don't have control over of their time and whatnot uh and then hindsight uh you know if if we had a clear crystal clear 2020 vision what will we have done differently and the one thing i could think of as we transitioned from pulp two to three would have been allowing that to occur over a long period of time um we really i mean to be honest there was really just a single release where we fully supported a migration from pulp two to three and we had bugs that were there were uh bug fixes at a certain state that it was actually feasible for most users it would have been nice if we could have given users you know two or three releases where that was possible um or two or three releases where they could have picked pulp 2 or pulp 3 so that if they installed catello was you know like 4.0 they their workflows were not working they could have reverted back to pulp 2. uh that would have been nice uh however i think given the resources we had that would have been difficult to support having a single point of migration had its benefits um in that we knew that as long as we got all the fixes back to that point that we had a stable point to release versus having like multiple points where we're trying to patch to get fixes in place for the migration to occur uh the con was that it was more effort on the pulp side to sort of get those fixes all the way back to pulp three seven i know a lot of effort was put into that um i do wanna thank all the pulp team um and the people that worked on the migration especially for working through all those issues with us and anytime uh a user issue pops up and you all take a look at that that's super helpful as well and we much appreciate that as to our users uh and that's really all i had to um talk about today we've got a few more minutes if there any questions or comments dustin is there anything we can improve like from our side to i don't know to make it easier for the your release workflows or um i don't know anything you can think of um figure out the migration backboarding would be the biggest thing i think that would help us um back flirting migrations to z streams which i know is maybe impossible but that would be a huge win um as far as the packaging and the time spent there can't really think of anything i mean i i y'all are very you know upfront and honest and that's very helpful when planning things like the eol django um y'all probably stress that more than we typically care about it if that makes sense in some cases especially when we're talking about more downstream products but bringing that up early is very helpful because we're not always we don't always have our eyes on that yeah that's the the sooner issues like that that are going to require lots of packaging changes are brought up the better um see robin so justin related to that out of the two weeks and maybe i missed this but out of that two weeks that it's taking you to do the integration is that evenly spread out amongst the activities or is there like some pieces that take longer than others um if you take well it differs greatly among releases um if you take a release like our upgrade to 316 or even three well we'll say 316 because it was a it's a minor packaging update i would say uh and but it's also a there there are no contello changes like whatsoever the bottleneck there is rpm packaging like hands down and i think if they're if you know if we had someone that only did that or that was like half their job and they could knock it out in a few days it probably wouldn't be the case um but since they're juggling other duties that that's the biggest bottleneck oh it's like gosh okay yeah i guess my other question would be like how much of that is like actual time um someone sitting in front of people doing it versus what's automated and it's just actually taking a long time in the background but i think that's the question for the build team it sounds like so okay all right yeah the the stuff that we have to do ourselves on the side you know if everything goes fine um there's no changes needed in pulp you know it's maybe like an hour of actual time of our time excluding like tests running in the background and that sort of thing gotcha okay that's helpful right thanks uh dennis yeah so one of the things we discussed probably a year ago at this point is trying to get uh pulp changes tested with catello on a nightly basis basically and we even opened some tickets in red line to do some work on our part to make it possible we've made no progress over the last year toward that goal and i would like us to actually focus on that effort uh and [Music] get pulp changes tested you know with katello every night and i think that right there will reduce the amount of time that's necessary to add a new release of pulp it will basically i don't know at the time when a decision is actually made to include that version of pulp everything will be ready yeah and i think i think we could without packing nightly packaging in place we could probably go ahead and do stuff to get nightly testing there um the the downside of that is that's not where our biggest like bottleneck is and where the biggest benefit i think is you know so if we had nightly rpms building uh and that broke it you know somebody could go in and make the single update to fix it and we would be off to the and i think that has to that's a big part of it yeah um is making sure that we are still able to build rpms or we identify that a version of a dependency has changed then we need to build a new rpm as soon as that change happened in pulp and you know we try to communicate that and as you mentioned we've been doing a pretty good job of that but having that be automated is gonna make it that much better yep brian um i was just imagining some nagwear that tells people to build things anyways automatically yeah seriously um i agree uh i was wondering justin if you could maybe talk a little bit retrospectively and apologies if i didn't see it um you already did about the um the allowed content checksums and pulps i guess multiple i mean three or four releases where we did kind of gymnastics around um fip support for catello's upstream um i mean overall like how did it go do you declare it done kind of like it is in my mind and if you could go back and tell your former self something what would it be um yeah i think if you look at it from like a technical perspective or like from an inside the development team it's it seemed really messy and like hectic from the user perspective like they never noticed anything or cared right um that's great it is it is great they didn't see how the sausage was made i guess um so from that perspective it was a success and we also don't i mean we don't have pips users or minifix users upstream and like i say we don't have any um [Music] well funny enough a user did try to upgrade from four from catello 4-0 to 4-2 directly yesterday and they hit a problem uh where they just had to run the check the the command to regenerate checks up uh that's the only problem i've ever seen a user report no solved in two minutes so and in a workflow we don't test so that's okay um but i mean i mostly see it as i think the work is done we still have work to enable fips in our nightly pipelines upstream um and that's still something we want to do and that's not turned on yet that was my next question um uh do you have a sense of of when that'll occur not necessarily like a date but like is it measured in weeks or months or half years it um it should be measured in weeks uh la so i i've sort of just been testing it when i have time and monitoring the progress uh and the last time i tested it we were having some issues outside of fips and pull but it looked like all the pulp stuff worked right so i think it's just a matter of pushing it through the final stage and getting the work merged um thank you and is there maybe some way that we could follow along with that work and you don't necessarily have to tell me right now but yeah um i've got a card on our board that i'm tracking but if there's not an attached intelli issue i will file one um i think i'll post it on the irc channel i appreciate all your answers and also your presentation and all the collaboration i think we're out of time thanks everybody and again thank you all for every bit of effort that you've helped with integration and our user issues and our questions and all that thank you justin yeah justin i think it's important for folks to understand how much effort was on the teleside as well and great great collaboration from not like from you personally of course and from the rest of catella folks so thank you very much it's a great team to work with dude

there we go welcome justin thank you so i am here today i am justin cheryl i work on the cachilla project which heavily uses pulp in its content management workflows and so i just wanted to talk a little bit about the state of pulp and the tele integration some of the things we have learned some of the things we are seeing and some of the issues that we work through so 1st i kind of want to recap what our releases have looked like over the past year and a half i i it was more releases than i actually remembered i had to go back and dig through some release notes and repositories to find all this information but so we have been integrating with pulp 3 since catella 315 which was in april of 2020 and in catella 4 which was a year later we completely dropped pulp 2 which was sorry that should be pulp 3 9 not controller 39 and so we have had many many releases and we have definitely seen some changes over that time which i will talk about shortly so some 1st time i start off with some things that are going well the i would definitely say the stability of pulp and integrations points that we have has increased we are not seeing nearly as many breaking changes as we used to i think the pulp 315 and 316 upgrades have been like almost hands off we were seeing a lot of like class name changes in the client bindings a lot of parameter like renames things like that and we are definitely seeing those decrease as time goes on which shows us that stability is increasing and this reduces the amount of time that we have to spend integrating with it new releases and gets entire users faster and we have a lot in the community to thank for that the issues that the users have found and reported both to pull directly and on our community forums i think this helped incredibly to to get there so user perception currently i think there are very few user unresolved issues we have gotten at a good pace of user reporting an issue and us getting either catello or pulp attention onto it and getting it resolved sometimes it does take you know until the next release for it to show up but at least the user will have a patch or they will have maybe they will have a z stream released a few weeks later that includes it and users were very willing to try pulp 3 so we that that helped encounter all of the the initial issues and and whatnot which was was good on our part maybe more frustrating on the user is part which i will get to in a 2nd as well the old tasking system was very unreliable the also the sort of the fact that pulp 3 did not retry downloads it meant users really were not having success just consuming content from what i have seen from users on our forums catello 41 z which is what pulled in pulp 314 got it right there was a big improvement in quality largely around the tasking and the download retries the number of issues that went away with you know i am trying to sync apple or i am trying to sync centos and i i just can not those seem to go away and i saw a lot of remarks about how pulp 314 on candela 41 i was finally at you know at a point where where it was sort of usable in production some of the current and previous challenges we have had the time to get a new pulp version of the nightly is still kind of high it is currently about 2 plus weeks after release and i am going to go into that entire process next we have a long term goal of having nightly builds of pulp into our pipelines and in our testing so that we can encounter any issues early but we are not quite there yet and upgrading you know used to acquire more changes as i said and a lot of times even pulp team support to understand is this change even expected right i am seeing this this thing that is different is is that expected or is that a quirk or you know what was the underlying cause of this change to understand that we do not have that much anymore they have gone very smoothly i am going to skip this slide and come back this is how we sort of consume pulp versions so 1st pulp core and any plugins that need updating or released sort of simultaneously we have 3 efforts underway one by our our build team which is delivering rpm packages for pull core and plug ins so they sort of start generating those packages we have now paralyzed this so that we we spin up a sandbox and we can update the client bindings which are rubygems and run our vcr tests which are are integration tests with pulp they are not they are not sort of end to end integration tests necessarily from a cantelous user perspective but they are integration tests between catello and pulp so we run those and we go and get a pr open for that and then we can also open a bindings rpm packaging pr and so these things can happen independently and then sort of once the rpm packaging is finished the other 2 items can be merged and so for example for 316 we have basically i think got these 2 items complete we are waiting on waiting to merge and we are just waiting on the rpm packaging for pulp core itself to finish then once those are done we do some small final packaging updates to point installations at the new pulp version and we run a pipeline which does final integration tests from a user perspective a catalog user perspective that does creates repositories publishes content views syncs to our smart proxies sort of does all the highlights of what a user might end up wanting to do and then we have a new version of pulp and nightly and so as i said the sort of the fastest this can go is about i would say 2 weeks maybe 2 weeks in a few days if everything just runs super smoothly and everyone has plenty of time to work on it the as someone who works on the team that does these the these 2 items the biggest thing that blocks us is the the build team building their packaging just because that is something i do not have control over of their time and whatnot and then hindsight you know if if we had a clear crystal clear 2020 vision what will we have done differently and the one thing i could think of as we transitioned from pulp 2 to 3 would have been allowing that to occur over a long period of time we really i mean to be honest there was really just a single release where we fully supported a migration from pulp 2 to 3 and we had bugs that were there were bug fixes at a certain state that it was actually feasible for most users it would have been nice if we could have given users you know 2 or 3 releases where that was possible or 2 or 3 releases where they could have picked pulp 2 or pulp 3 so that if they installed catello was you know like 4 they their workflows were not working they could have reverted back to pulp 2 that would have been nice however i think given the resources we had that would have been difficult to support having a single point of migration had its benefits in that we knew that as long as we got all the fixes back to that point that we had a stable point to release versus having like multiple points where we are trying to patch to get fixes in place for the migration to occur the con was that it was more effort on the pulp side to sort of get those fixes all the way back to pulp 37 i know a lot of effort was put into that i do want to thank all the pulp team and the people that worked on the migration especially for working through all those issues with us and anytime a user issue pops up and you all take a look at that that is super helpful as well and we much appreciate that as to our users and that is really all i had to talk about today we have got a few more minutes if there any questions or comments dustin is there anything we can improve like from our side to i do not know to make it easier for the your release workflows or i do not know anything you can think of figure out the migration backboarding would be the biggest thing i think that would help us back flirting migrations to z streams which i know is maybe impossible but that would be a huge win as far as the packaging and the time spent there can not really think of anything i mean i i you all are very you know upfront and honest and that is very helpful when planning things like the eol django you all probably stress that more than we typically care about it if that makes sense in some cases especially when we are talking about more downstream products but bringing that up early is very helpful because we are not always we do not always have our eyes on that yeah that is the the sooner issues like that that are going to require lots of packaging changes are brought up the better see robin so justin related to that out of the 2 weeks and maybe i missed this but out of that 2 weeks that it is taking you to do the integration is that evenly spread out amongst the activities or is there like some pieces that take longer than others if you take well it differs greatly among releases if you take a release like our upgrade to 316 or even 3 well we will say 316 because it was a it is a minor packaging update i would say and but it is also a there there are no contello changes like whatsoever the bottleneck there is rpm packaging like hands down and i think if they are if you know if we had someone that only did that or that was like half their job and they could knock it out in a few days it probably would not be the case but since they are juggling other duties that that is the biggest bottleneck 0 it is like gosh okay yeah i guess my other question would be like how much of that is like actual time someone sitting in front of people doing it versus what is automated and it is just actually taking a long time in the background but i think that is the question for the build team it sounds like so okay all right yeah the the stuff that we have to do ourselves on the side you know if everything goes fine there is no changes needed in pulp you know it is maybe like an hour of actual time of our time excluding like tests running in the background and that sort of thing gotcha okay that is helpful right thanks dennis yeah so one of the things we discussed probably a year ago at this point is trying to get pulp changes tested with catello on a nightly basis basically and we even opened some tickets in red line to do some work on our part to make it possible we have made no progress over the last year toward that goal and i would like us to actually focus on that effort and get pulp changes tested you know with katello every night and i think that right there will reduce the amount of time that is necessary to add a new release of pulp it will basically i do not know at the time when a decision is actually made to include that version of pulp everything will be ready yeah and i think i think we could without packing nightly packaging in place we could probably go ahead and do stuff to get nightly testing there the the downside of that is that is not where our biggest like bottleneck is and where the biggest benefit i think is you know so if we had nightly rpms building and that broke it you know somebody could go in and make the single update to fix it and we would be off to the and i think that has to that is a big part of it yeah is making sure that we are still able to build rpms or we identify that a version of a dependency has changed then we need to build a new rpm as soon as that change happened in pulp and you know we try to communicate that and as you mentioned we have been doing a pretty good job of that but having that be automated is going to make it that much better yep brian i was just imagining some nagwear that tells people to build things anyways automatically yeah seriously i agree i was wondering justin if you could maybe talk a little bit retrospectively and apologies if i did not see it you already did about the the allowed content checksums and pulps i guess multiple i mean 3 or 4 releases where we did kind of gymnastics around fip support for catello is upstream i mean overall like how did it go do you declare it done kind of like it is in my mind and if you could go back and tell your former self something what would it be yeah i think if you look at it from like a technical perspective or like from an inside the development team it is it seemed really messy and like hectic from the user perspective like they never noticed anything or cared right that is great it is it is great they did not see how the sausage was made i guess so from that perspective it was a success and we also do not i mean we do not have pips users or minifix users upstream and like i say we do not have any well funny enough a user did try to upgrade from 4 from catello 4 0 to 4 2 directly yesterday and they hit a problem where they just had to run the check the the command to regenerate checks up that is the only problem i have ever seen a user report no solved in 2 minutes so and in a workflow we do not test so that is okay but i mean i mostly see it as i think the work is done we still have work to enable fips in our nightly pipelines upstream and that is still something we want to do and that is not turned on yet that was my next question do you have a sense of of when that will occur not necessarily like a date but like is it measured in weeks or months or half years it it should be measured in weeks la so i i have sort of just been testing it when i have time and monitoring the progress and the last time i tested it we were having some issues outside of fips and pull but it looked like all the pulp stuff worked right so i think it is just a matter of pushing it through the final stage and getting the work merged thank you and is there maybe some way that we could follow along with that work and you do not necessarily have to tell me right now but yeah i have got a card on our board that i am tracking but if there is not an attached intelli issue i will file one i think i will post it on the irc channel i appreciate all your answers and also your presentation and all the collaboration i think we are out of time thanks everybody and again thank you all for every bit of effort that you have helped with integration and our user issues and our questions and all that thank you justin yeah justin i think it is important for folks to understand how much effort was on the teleside as well and great great collaboration from not like from you personally of course and from the rest of catella folks so thank you very much it is a great team to work with dude

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bconi9kQsk4

[Music] we've heard that the fbi is setting up an operation in little italy go over there meet up with monk he's working it already and find out what they know and who they are talking to stay less meet my hotel little italy hey what's going on y'all hey rock going to help on a job when you meet him in jersey of the godfather the last episode is down in the description below i don't know who this dude is but every time i get some type of promotion he seemed to need to talk to me to give me some type of information but before you leave somebody you should meet who al neary michael's most trusted friend tom hagan will be asked to step aside and al neary will take his place as don corleone's conciliari that was a good man to know okay yes it's him at the door i'll find you when i need you we can meet here okay that's out near you right there but we got something we got something to take care of man ain't ready to meet yet that's all good we just got a promotion of capo we can't tell nobody cuz you know we still in the middle of a war telling anybody that information would just make them come after me right that would make sense just a week in the family to keep it weak i can't allow that so with that being said we go ahead and go meet go ahead and meet monk over here all you gotta do is spin over spin over there get it done time will come take that man's out and move on to the next family but until then the status i'm like i'm like the head of all the street [ __ ] bro [Music] shut up man it's almost like you're jumping out in front of the street anyway it's probably max these birds bro why didn't moon walk we out you ever been to topeka no i never even heard of that place that's just like the the most randomest conversation ever they just pulled up don't even know each other and just got that where is it what happened to introducing yourself to tell you it's right oh yeah okay okay i've been over here a few times i just haven't done about that yet order to kill 1955 with michael in charge and ready for revenge don vito's negotiation negotiated peace with the five families is fragile and everyone is on edge monk he's frustrated by his outsider status so the fbi is holed up in the hotel i don't know about monk yeah and michael told me there's a snitch in there right now he's ratting out the corleones to the fbi huh he never said anything to me about that he just wants us to find out what's going on what are you doing it's not the plan we got to get in there and find this rat just can't wait that lousy snitch is ratting us out we'll show him first com no that's it just a big ass fence right there oh hold up oh yeah we back here can't lie too we back here i'm gonna say i'm probably gonna flinch it and probably fall down to his knee but hold on that's the first time we found money bags like we was actually able to get money bags we own it yeah we own this and i live here you go first i need you to catch some bodies bro only somebody seen you so far beat somebody up man you see me nothing get him get him bruh this is your fight i need to see this if you turn around and shoot me though though right he probably in this camera right here monk is in in in manual aim mode i know somebody went over here right pushing all corners i ain't nothing bro die barzini thugs i can't lie yeah tell me you guys want to say i'm going to hit with a shot is y'all in my crib no that ain't my crib i'm up a float monk bro what's the dude right clear this i'm going to clear this show movement all right let's get this done bro he ran upstairs he ran upstairs already watch out um all right don't move i don't know how he coming he came to the door what dude that came from behind us bro watch out [Applause] why why why am i here with why am i here with solo health man oh no they get me out of there i'm not here with low health fern got away [Applause] go i'm gonna stop him stop nothing he's in there bro some barzini's guarding this snitch sure there's somebody over here too man he just spawned up on us like that he's phasing in as he's coming down the stairs it's that call of duty pete can't lie to you in this room this camera's turning a little too somebody's open that oh okay take that that's some red i see that i can't even go in the crib oh we got monk what we got man where you at i'm checking upstairs hey check upstairs they like it oh my my bad brad wouldn't even like that bro all right [Music] what the [ __ ] are you doing we had a deal luau stinking traitor jesus christ monk who is this guy he's the snitch he's the one monk put your guns down both of you jimmy what the [ __ ] are you doing here michael sent me to help you guys out what are you [ __ ] kidding me we don't need no babysitter jimmy this was our job oh yeah we'll pull the trigger come on jimmy this ain't no quiz show yeah this gun is done all right who killed the agent was it you don't look at me bro it was monk i thought this guy was an informant he's a fed michael yeah it's me i'm here you were right it was malone there's a dead fbi agent here the player y'all see that bro yeah this is the trigger he's here it's michael he wants to talk to you [Music] michael what the hell is going on monk's dirty he just killed the agent that was running him he was desperate to cover his tracks because we were smoking him out so what you played some kind of game with me to set up monk i was the bait no a suspect we had to be sure now it's settled but uh you'll have to kill him for the family [Music] you know michael let me tell monk followed him across town a couple of times okay so y'all already had him under wraps it's over with we out where my homie at bruh [ __ ] somebody they still trying to get right come here man let me let me show you something that's a few of y'all up here i can't lie that's a few of y'all i gotta kick this out because i'll i'll stay here bro i stay in the building bro i stay in this building don't run up on me we got two minutes this is what i get for trying to not stick to the plan i'm trying to get ops up out of here we got to get money this is like the the worst thing that we got with us is monk we gotta worry about him first michael let me think so i ain't even gonna worry about them i'm out it's tough he played himself i should have probably kept straight that road probably turned see this this don't even go straight down okay i forgot blowing the horn will get the cars out the way it's the street it's the street i still don't know my way around here like i would probably gta or something you look at that we don't even own this place and he's here in brooklyn makes you feel so comfortable to come here this is new york there's monsters everywhere doing more than just tell them what happened to you what happened to you what do i owe to family huh i mean i i was never gonna be on the inside i was never gonna be made not like you and for what because of who my father is let me tell you something when you killed frankie me they killed frankie i just didn't care anymore but you turned your back on the family you're gonna let me go but you're gonna die trying to stop me so help me all right so now we we don't even he shots [Music] i'm not fighting y'all bro i don't know what y'all think this is bro bro i'm not fighting y'all right now maybe other different circumstances but right now y'all harboring a rat right now we oh hold on screwed me over so i got some new friends yeah sure oh that i got a safe right here for me can't lie to you eat that with a shotgun i don't know what i'm doing it's locked alright we're gonna follow his direct path he put this way one upstairs you're surprising me move man y'all trying to fight okay boys all right say let's hold see what i'm saying all y'all not trying to fight bro what the hell sorry to the innocent people you know things gotta get done right now [Applause] hold up all the bread already going about the register i don't even want the money on the stay away i don't want to do this i do though it's tough i don't need you anyway i got some new friends keep saying that why are you still alive though why are you still alive bro my friend i need the hell can i get that oh wait they pushing up can i get the help hold on hold on if i can take him out first right yet [ __ ] wait bro hold up hold up bro hold up this is bad monk get back bro don't come around here bro he's still gonna run damn man you know sorry to do it to you sorry about your uh your restaurant your club speak easy whatever you whatever you got going on here man get up out of here right now hey man look but that's gonna do it for this episode i appreciate all the support hit that like button subscribe if you're new hit that bell icon so you be notified when i upload become part of nerdy game that uniform suits you you look good charlie [Music]

we have heard that the fbi is setting up an operation in little italy go over there meet up with monk he is working it already and find out what they know and who they are talking to stay less meet my hotel little italy hey what is going on you all hey rock going to help on a job when you meet him in jersey of the godfather the last episode is down in the description below i do not know who this dude is but every time i get some type of promotion he seemed to need to talk to me to give me some type of information but before you leave somebody you should meet who al neary michael is most trusted friend tom hagan will be asked to step aside and al neary will take his place as don corleone is conciliari that was a good man to know okay yes it is him at the door i will find you when i need you we can meet here okay that is out near you right there but we got something we got something to take care of man aint ready to meet yet that is all good we just got a promotion of capo we can not tell nobody cuz you know we still in the middle of a war telling anybody that information would just make them come after me right that would make sense just a week in the family to keep it weak i can not allow that so with that being said we go ahead and go meet go ahead and meet monk over here all you got to do is spin over spin over there get it done time will come take that man is out and move on to the next family but until then the status i am like i am like the head of all the street bro shut up man it is almost like you are jumping out in front of the street anyway it is probably max these birds bro why did not moon walk we out you ever been to topeka no i never even heard of that place that is just like the the most randomest conversation ever they just pulled up do not even know each other and just got that where is it what happened to introducing yourself to tell you it is right 0 yeah okay okay i have been over here a few times i just have not done about that yet order to kill 1955 with michael in charge and ready for revenge don vito is negotiation negotiated peace with the 5 families is fragile and everyone is on edge monk he is frustrated by his outsider status so the fbi is holed up in the hotel i do not know about monk yeah and michael told me there is a snitch in there right now he is ratting out the corleones to the fbi huh he never said anything to me about that he just wants us to find out what is going on what are you doing it is not the plan we got to get in there and find this rat just can not wait that lousy snitch is ratting us out we will show him 1st com no that is it just a big ass fence right there 0 hold up 0 yeah we back here can not lie too we back here i am going to say i am probably going to flinch it and probably fall down to his knee but hold on that is the 1st time we found money bags like we was actually able to get money bags we own it yeah we own this and i live here you go 1st i need you to catch some bodies bro only somebody seen you so far beat somebody up man you see me nothing get him get him bruh this is your fight i need to see this if you turn around and shoot me though though right he probably in this camera right here monk is in in in manual aim mode i know somebody went over here right pushing all corners i aint nothing bro die barzini thugs i can not lie yeah tell me you guys want to say i am going to hit with a shot is you all in my crib no that aint my crib i am up a float monk bro what is the dude right clear this i am going to clear this show movement all right let us get this done bro he ran upstairs he ran upstairs already watch out all right do not move i do not know how he coming he came to the door what dude that came from behind us bro watch out why why why am i here with why am i here with solo health man 0 no they get me out of there i am not here with low health fern got away go i am going to stop him stop nothing he is in there bro some barzini is guarding this snitch sure there is somebody over here too man he just spawned up on us like that he is phasing in as he is coming down the stairs it is that call of duty pete can not lie to you in this room this camera is turning a little too somebody is open that 0 okay take that that is some red i see that i can not even go in the crib 0 we got monk what we got man where you at i am checking upstairs hey check upstairs they like it 0 my my bad brad would not even like that bro all right what the are you doing we had a deal luau stinking traitor jesus christ monk who is this guy he is the snitch he is the one monk put your guns down both of you jimmy what the are you doing here michael sent me to help you guys out what are you kidding me we do not need no babysitter jimmy this was our job 0 yeah we will pull the trigger come on jimmy this aint no quiz show yeah this gun is done all right who killed the agent was it you do not look at me bro it was monk i thought this guy was an informant he is a fed michael yeah it is me i am here you were right it was malone there is a dead fbi agent here the player you all see that bro yeah this is the trigger he is here it is michael he wants to talk to you michael what the hell is going on monk is dirty he just killed the agent that was running him he was desperate to cover his tracks because we were smoking him out so what you played some kind of game with me to set up monk i was the bait no a suspect we had to be sure now it is settled but you will have to kill him for the family you know michael let me tell monk followed him across town a couple of times okay so you all already had him under wraps it is over with we out where my homie at bruh somebody they still trying to get right come here man let me let me show you something that is a few of you all up here i can not lie that is a few of you all i got to kick this out because i will i will stay here bro i stay in the building bro i stay in this building do not run up on me we got 2 minutes this is what i get for trying to not stick to the plan i am trying to get ops up out of here we got to get money this is like the the worst thing that we got with us is monk we got to worry about him 1st michael let me think so i aint even going to worry about them i am out it is tough he played himself i should have probably kept straight that road probably turned see this this do not even go straight down okay i forgot blowing the horn will get the cars out the way it is the street it is the street i still do not know my way around here like i would probably gta or something you look at that we do not even own this place and he is here in brooklyn makes you feel so comfortable to come here this is new york there is monsters everywhere doing more than just tell them what happened to you what happened to you what do i owe to family huh i mean i i was never going to be on the inside i was never going to be made not like you and for what because of who my father is let me tell you something when you killed frankie me they killed frankie i just did not care anymore but you turned your back on the family you are going to let me go but you are going to die trying to stop me so help me all right so now we we do not even he shots i am not fighting you all bro i do not know what you all think this is bro bro i am not fighting you all right now maybe other different circumstances but right now you all harboring a rat right now we 0 hold on screwed me over so i got some new friends yeah sure 0 that i got a safe right here for me can not lie to you eat that with a shotgun i do not know what i am doing it is locked alright we are going to follow his direct path he put this way one upstairs you are surprising me move man you all trying to fight okay boys all right say let us hold see what i am saying all you all not trying to fight bro what the hell sorry to the innocent people you know things got to get done right now hold up all the bread already going about the register i do not even want the money on the stay away i do not want to do this i do though it is tough i do not need you anyway i got some new friends keep saying that why are you still alive though why are you still alive bro my friend i need the hell can i get that 0 wait they pushing up can i get the help hold on hold on if i can take him out 1st right yet wait bro hold up hold up bro hold up this is bad monk get back bro do not come around here bro he is still going to run damn man you know sorry to do it to you sorry about your your restaurant your club speak easy whatever you whatever you got going on here man get up out of here right now hey man look but that is going to do it for this episode i appreciate all the support hit that like button subscribe if you are new hit that bell icon so you be notified when i upload become part of nerdy game that uniform suits you you look good charlie

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNZuH5GDk0E

hello and welcome back or welcome to miss finance if this is your first time on this channel so on the channel i'm going through the basics of accounting principles and tax principles to give you a better understanding so that when you're looking at undertaking an accountancy qualification or just trying to brush up on the basics in finance then you've got the foundation there so today we're going to have a look at overhead absorption so i know when i was studying this way back in the day this was definitely one of those subjects that at first i just could not for the life of me get my head around i know a few of you in the aat discussion forum has said that you're currently struggling with this so let's crack on so first of all what is overhead absorption what does it mean so all it is at the brush out is the value of indirect costs that are not directly traceable to an activity or product so indirect cost examples could be selling and marketing admin costs or production costs so in other words in practice the time that you'll be calculating zorton costing is when management wants to determine the full cost of one unit of outputs including proportion of the overheads now again in practice we refer to overheads as oh so if i put this oh here that's all i mean i just mean overheads and it's called absorption costing because a proportion of the fit scars are allocated or absorbed into the product so say if you had a building because i'm going to draw some very funky shapes here so this is your building so in here you've obviously got electricity bills you've got rent bills you've got rates bills but in here you are creating a product so the cost to make that product here you obviously need materials you need people so you need somebody to make the item from the materials that person also needs to be fed so you might have a canteen to feed the people but then in order to run the machinery you have electricity costs in order to use the electricity you need a building where you pay rates costs so putting into perspective here there is not just your standard materials or staff costs incurred when you're making a product there's all types of different costs so some of those are fixed costs but they need to be allocated to a product so again that's called absorption costing and that way that way management can see exactly how much a product is costing to be created so they can budget and forecast correctly and if say for instance there's one product that's performing better than another product then they'll make more of that product than the one that's underperforming for example so three stages all right pen color so we have allocation we have apportionment and then we have absorption so let's go for each one of these in detail so number one allocation so these are some cards that are incurred directly by an overhead if you're struggling what cost center or overhead is in industry or in practice you're going to have individual nominals you know how you've got individual nominals for like stationary and for you know repairs that sort of thing well you'll have entire functions say in one con center you've got all marketing costs in another one you've got say all finance costs and they're just called cost centers or overheads that's all it is so don't get mixed up don't get worried about that terminology what we're saying here is that any marketing costs are directly allocated to the marketing cost center so if there's any staff that work in marketing if there's any printing in relation to marketing if there's any stationery in relation to marketing and the list goes on then it goes into the marketing cost center so next apportionment so this is where you'll have a cost let's take staff costs and they relate to a number of cost centers and again i'm abbreviating down here that there just means number so staff costs you're gonna have staff that work in marketing so in the marketing cost center you're gonna have staff that work in finance in the finance cost center and you're gonna have staff that are working on a project in the projects cost center so there's ways of calculating this so if it's staff costs you might take well the people who work in marketing all the costco to here people are working fine that's all the cost over here in project it'll go over here or what you can do is take for example the total cost divided by the total quantity let's just move that down slightly and then you can multiply that by the quantity relates to the cost center so again if you looked at this and the management knew that 30 of all costs relate to marketing 10 will relate to finance and then 60 or related to projects what you just do is in this quantity that relates to the cost center you just multiply it by 60 percent for project work 10 for finance and 30 for marketing so again if your total cost was let's just say 100k and your total quantity was let's say you had 50 members of staff okay then you'd get 2k here so all you do if you've got 50 members of staff and 30 10 20 here then five staff work here let's use the calculator 30 staff work in projects and then the remaining 15 staff work in marketing so to work out how many staff are in finance just do that times by five so you're gonna have 10k over here for you 60 you just do the 2k times by 30. so you're gonna have 60k here and then you're gonna have the remaining 30k here and that's as simple as it is i think it just get made a little bit over complicated when you're looking at the books sometimes let's look at absorption so once you've done step one and two i.e the allocation and apportionment to the right cost centers or overheads we then need to find a mechanism to allow cost units that are passing through the cost centers to absorb overhead costs so basically we need to find out what the overhead absorb absorption rate is and they refer to this as oar so the actual formula for oar overhead absorption rate is the budgeted production overhead divided by a budgeted activity level so there's two common examples that this can be based upon so that's per labor hour or per machine hour so if production is dictated or controlled by machines you'd do this one if you've got a labor-intensive production process you do this one okay so what we need to note here is that the overhead absorption rate which again i'm just going to pop it here so that we get used to it so the budgeted production overhead divided by the budgeted activity level is calculated using budgeted values so oar is calculated using budgeted hours the key is in the word so what we can do is we can actually apply this to the actual amount of work undertaken during that period to then calculate the overheads that were actually absorbed so we're going to use this to calculate the actual overheads absorbed so you need to learn this formula so let's do an example down here so company a has two production departments okay so once overhead costs are apportioned so once we've done by this point we've already done step one and two these are the totals that we have so production one total overheads are 50k production two total overheads ah let's just say 70k labour hours here are ten thousand and leave hours here are seven thousand so we can apply this here down here and all we do is we take 50k divided by the labor hours of 10 okay and that's going to give you your labor hours or your labor per hour sorry similarly if we take the 70k divided by 7k which is 10 that is the labor per hour so that is five labor power so let's just make this a little bit smaller just so we can fit it all on one page okay so now so it was determined that the actual leave hours like this so production one had 13 000 labor hours and production 2 at 15 000 late hours so if we then take the actual hours which is 13k so 13 000 hours and we times that by five and for the other one if we do fifteen thousand hours times by ten we get the actual cost so that's going to be 150 k and let's work out the other one 65k so again let's make this smaller so next we need to look at the overhead under or over absorption so we're told that after all this the actual overheads are 160k in production one so when we look above so we worked out production costs where 65k but we're being told that actual costs are 160k so that means that we have an under absorption of 95k so in production two we worked out that it would be 150k so this is actually been a really low here actual costs in production too we're only 10k so we worked it out that would be 150k of costs so minus 10k that's 140k so this one has been under absorbed so in other words we didn't put enough costs to that cost center this has been over absorbed so that means that this cost center has been allocated way too much cost to it compared to what's actually happened so let's leave it there so i hope you found this video useful today if you like the video or you found it useful then hit the like button because it does help with the youtube algorithm otherwise consider subscribing and i shall see you on the next video

hello and welcome back or welcome to miss finance if this is your 1st time on this channel so on the channel i am going through the basics of accounting principles and tax principles to give you a better understanding so that when you are looking at undertaking an accountancy qualification or just trying to brush up on the basics in finance then you have got the foundation there so today we are going to have a look at overhead absorption so i know when i was studying this way back in the day this was definitely one of those subjects that at 1st i just could not for the life of me get my head around i know a few of you in the aat discussion forum has said that you are currently struggling with this so let us crack on so 1st of all what is overhead absorption what does it mean so all it is at the brush out is the value of indirect costs that are not directly traceable to an activity or product so indirect cost examples could be selling and marketing admin costs or production costs so in other words in practice the time that you will be calculating zorton costing is when management wants to determine the full cost of one unit of outputs including proportion of the overheads now again in practice we refer to overheads as 0 so if i put this 0 here that is all i mean i just mean overheads and it is called absorption costing because a proportion of the fit scars are allocated or absorbed into the product so say if you had a building because i am going to draw some very funky shapes here so this is your building so in here you have obviously got electricity bills you have got rent bills you have got rates bills but in here you are creating a product so the cost to make that product here you obviously need materials you need people so you need somebody to make the item from the materials that person also needs to be fed so you might have a canteen to feed the people but then in order to run the machinery you have electricity costs in order to use the electricity you need a building where you pay rates costs so putting into perspective here there is not just your standard materials or staff costs incurred when you are making a product there is all types of different costs so some of those are fixed costs but they need to be allocated to a product so again that is called absorption costing and that way that way management can see exactly how much a product is costing to be created so they can budget and forecast correctly and if say for instance there is one product that is performing better than another product then they will make more of that product than the one that is underperforming for example so 3 stages all right pen color so we have allocation we have apportionment and then we have absorption so let us go for each one of these in detail so number one allocation so these are some cards that are incurred directly by an overhead if you are struggling what cost center or overhead is in industry or in practice you are going to have individual nominals you know how you have got individual nominals for like stationary and for you know repairs that sort of thing well you will have entire functions say in one con center you have got all marketing costs in another one you have got say all finance costs and they are just called cost centers or overheads that is all it is so do not get mixed up do not get worried about that terminology what we are saying here is that any marketing costs are directly allocated to the marketing cost center so if there is any staff that work in marketing if there is any printing in relation to marketing if there is any stationery in relation to marketing and the list goes on then it goes into the marketing cost center so next apportionment so this is where you will have a cost let us take staff costs and they relate to a number of cost centers and again i am abbreviating down here that there just means number so staff costs you are going to have staff that work in marketing so in the marketing cost center you are going to have staff that work in finance in the finance cost center and you are going to have staff that are working on a project in the projects cost center so there is ways of calculating this so if it is staff costs you might take well the people who work in marketing all the costco to here people are working fine that is all the cost over here in project it will go over here or what you can do is take for example the total cost divided by the total quantity let us just move that down slightly and then you can multiply that by the quantity relates to the cost center so again if you looked at this and the management knew that 30 of all costs relate to marketing 10 will relate to finance and then 60 or related to projects what you just do is in this quantity that relates to the cost center you just multiply it by 60% for project work 10 for finance and 30 for marketing so again if your total cost was let us just say 100 k and your total quantity was let us say you had 50 members of staff okay then you would get 2 k here so all you do if you have got 50 members of staff and 30 10 20 here then 5 staff work here let us use the calculator 30 staff work in projects and then the remaining 15 staff work in marketing so to work out how many staff are in finance just do that times by 5 so you are going to have 10 k over here for you 60 you just do the 2 k times by 30 so you are going to have 60 k here and then you are going to have the remaining 30 k here and that is as simple as it is i think it just get made a little bit over complicated when you are looking at the books sometimes let us look at absorption so once you have done step one and 2 i e the allocation and apportionment to the right cost centers or overheads we then need to find a mechanism to allow cost units that are passing through the cost centers to absorb overhead costs so basically we need to find out what the overhead absorb absorption rate is and they refer to this as oar so the actual formula for oar overhead absorption rate is the budgeted production overhead divided by a budgeted activity level so there is 2 common examples that this can be based upon so that is per labor hour or per machine hour so if production is dictated or controlled by machines you would do this one if you have got a labor intensive production process you do this one okay so what we need to note here is that the overhead absorption rate which again i am just going to pop it here so that we get used to it so the budgeted production overhead divided by the budgeted activity level is calculated using budgeted values so oar is calculated using budgeted hours the key is in the word so what we can do is we can actually apply this to the actual amount of work undertaken during that period to then calculate the overheads that were actually absorbed so we are going to use this to calculate the actual overheads absorbed so you need to learn this formula so let us do an example down here so company a has 2 production departments okay so once overhead costs are apportioned so once we have done by this point we have already done step one and 2 these are the totals that we have so production one total overheads are 50 k production 2 total overheads ah let us just say 70 k labor hours here are 10000 and leave hours here are 7000 so we can apply this here down here and all we do is we take 50 k divided by the labor hours of 10 okay and that is going to give you your labor hours or your labor per hour sorry similarly if we take the 70 k divided by 7 k which is 10 that is the labor per hour so that is 5 labor power so let us just make this a little bit smaller just so we can fit it all on one page okay so now so it was determined that the actual leave hours like this so production one had 13 0 labor hours and production 2 at 15 0 late hours so if we then take the actual hours which is 13 k so 13 0 hours and we times that by 5 and for the other one if we do 15000 hours times by 10 we get the actual cost so that is going to be 150 k and let us work out the other one 65 k so again let us make this smaller so next we need to look at the overhead under or over absorption so we are told that after all this the actual overheads are 160 k in production one so when we look above so we worked out production costs where 65 k but we are being told that actual costs are 160 k so that means that we have an under absorption of 95 k so in production 2 we worked out that it would be 150 k so this is actually been a really low here actual costs in production too we are only 10 k so we worked it out that would be 150 k of costs so 10 k that is 140 k so this one has been under absorbed so in other words we did not put enough costs to that cost center this has been over absorbed so that means that this cost center has been allocated way too much cost to it compared to what is actually happened so let us leave it there so i hope you found this video useful today if you like the video or you found it useful then hit the like button because it does help with the youtube algorithm otherwise consider subscribing and i shall see you on the next video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qcps2qET5I0

and only most number to his bank account can you hide money I show you how secret a numbered Swiss bank account is today and how secret it was some years ago I show you the transactions you should absolutely avoid to keep your money secret is it possible today to hide the identity of the ultimate beneficial owner of a numbered Swiss bank account or number of accounts anonymous I tell you exactly when it makes sense to open a numbered bank account computer one four times Swiss banking lawyers.com we fight for your money hi my name is Enzo Caputo with Swiss banking lawyers.com the place where successful international business people find practical solutions for their banking and international business issues in Switzerland I'm speaking to you from parada plus Zurich Switzerland the center of the Swiss banking industry anonymous bank account in the 90s everybody knows numbered Swiss bank accounts from Hollywood movies number of bank accounts are also known as faltering and accounts number of accounts have been used to hide the proceeds of criminal activities such as corrupt politicians from all over the world hiding money embezzled from their own citizen drug money or fraudulent market manipulation and much more until the 90s numbered Swiss bank accounts were fully anonymous that means that a lawyer opened a bank account for his client without disclosing the identity of his client the so-called ultimate beneficial owner the Swiss bank was not aware of the identity of the ultimate beneficial owner the Bank Secrecy was very strong in the 90s at that time a Swiss company with anonymous para shares in combination with an anonymous bank account has been the perfect bulletproof structure to hide money for everybody including criminals warlords trafficking of narcotic substances corrupt politicians and Generals the information I am providing to you cannot be found at universities or in the Internet the information I'm giving to you is practical insider information to be used with Swiss banks my information is bulletproof and based on 30 years professional Swiss banking experience if you are interested in more financial insider know how click on the subscribe button now to not miss important updates on the Swiss banking industry number 8 account for politically exposed persons pay per count while it is controversial how complicit Swiss banks we're in connection with such activities they have cooperated with foreign governments to return the illicit funds to the respective governments the most common use or misuse of number 8 accounts has taken place with tax evasion the automatic exchange of information dictated to Switzerland by the OECD will make tax evasion with number of accounts very difficult if not impossible the very severe account opening and due diligence procedures implemented with accounts controlled by politically exposed persons so-called pepper counts or hindering banking activities with peps Swiss banks are very suspicious and careful before they open the pepper count it has become very difficult to open pepper counts Swiss banks are so scared to appear in the news and to lose reputation that they renounce to open a relationship with a politically exposed person number a bank account actually used today you can use numbered accounts for more mundane uses such as hiding money from spouses ex-wife family members creditors and imposters South American or Russian clients are afraid to open bank accounts at home many bankers in their home countries are corrupt therefore they are using numbered accounts to protect themselves from kidnappers blackmails and other criminals extorting money in their home countries still today numbered accounts offer a certain level of anonymity guaranteed by the Swiss banking secrecy and the three starter Protection Law the name of the account holder does not appear on the bank statement who knows the identity of the ultimate beneficial owner of a numbered bank account today the name of the ultimate beneficial owner is known to your relationship manager very few additional bankers may have access on this needed basis only for example the compliance officer how to keep a number at paying accounts secret if you have a number account with the Swiss bank you should avoid transactions moving outside the Swiss territory because the name of the beneficial owners is subject to reporting obligation in case payments going out of Switzerland avoid executing transactions in Euro or dollars because transactions in Europe transit over front foot and transaction in dollars transit over New York if you have a numbered account and if it's important for you to keep it secret you should avoid payments at all as long in your funds are located on Swiss territory you are benefitting from the Swiss tanta protection law the most severe total protection law in the world and still from the Swiss bank secrecy but not for tax evasion anymore Swiss bank secrecy does not help any more in connection with tax evasion but it still works very efficient for privacy protection and for asset action for efficient asset protection you can send up an offshore trust or offshore family foundation located in the best as a protection jurisdiction and then the lying company having an Amber account fully anonymous number of accounts without disclose your obligation on the ultimate beneficial owner and the source of funds to not exist anymore they are history if some websites offer anonymous accounts run the other way if you like this video show it and press the like button now or feel free to give us feedback using the section of comments below now if you like my content make sure to not miss any future videos and subscribe my youtube channel now just click on the subscribe button now if you want to protect your money in a secret place for example out of the banking system if you want to discuss where is the best jurisdiction for asset protection trusts pick up the phone and give me a call now on the zero zero four one four four two one two four four zero four tell me your specific situation and I will propose you the most efficient and legal as a protection solution within the banking system but also out of the banking system let's discuss how to keep your hardly and legally earned money secret peerage and remain rich have a wonderful day [Music]

and only most number to his bank account can you hide money i show you how secret a numbered swiss bank account is today and how secret it was some years ago i show you the transactions you should absolutely avoid to keep your money secret is it possible today to hide the identity of the ultimate beneficial owner of a numbered swiss bank account or number of accounts anonymous i tell you exactly when it makes sense to open a numbered bank account computer 14 times swiss banking lawyers com we fight for your money hi my name is enzo caputo with swiss banking lawyers com the place where successful international business people find practical solutions for their banking and international business issues in switzerland i am speaking to you from parada plus zurich switzerland the center of the swiss banking industry anonymous bank account in the 90s everybody knows numbered swiss bank accounts from hollywood movies number of bank accounts are also known as faltering and accounts number of accounts have been used to hide the proceeds of criminal activities such as corrupt politicians from all over the world hiding money embezzled from their own citizen drug money or fraudulent market manipulation and much more until the 90s numbered swiss bank accounts were fully anonymous that means that a lawyer opened a bank account for his client without disclosing the identity of his client the so called ultimate beneficial owner the swiss bank was not aware of the identity of the ultimate beneficial owner the bank secrecy was very strong in the 90s at that time a swiss company with anonymous para shares in combination with an anonymous bank account has been the perfect bulletproof structure to hide money for everybody including criminals warlords trafficking of narcotic substances corrupt politicians and generals the information i am providing to you cannot be found at universities or in the internet the information i am giving to you is practical insider information to be used with swiss banks my information is bulletproof and based on 30 years professional swiss banking experience if you are interested in more financial insider know how click on the subscribe button now to not miss important updates on the swiss banking industry number 8 account for politically exposed persons pay per count while it is controversial how complicit swiss banks we are in connection with such activities they have cooperated with foreign governments to return the illicit funds to the respective governments the most common use or misuse of number 8 accounts has taken place with tax evasion the automatic exchange of information dictated to switzerland by the oecd will make tax evasion with number of accounts very difficult if not impossible the very severe account opening and due diligence procedures implemented with accounts controlled by politically exposed persons so called pepper counts or hindering banking activities with peps swiss banks are very suspicious and careful before they open the pepper count it has become very difficult to open pepper counts swiss banks are so scared to appear in the news and to lose reputation that they renounce to open a relationship with a politically exposed person number a bank account actually used today you can use numbered accounts for more mundane uses such as hiding money from spouses ex wife family members creditors and imposters south american or russian clients are afraid to open bank accounts at home many bankers in their home countries are corrupt therefore they are using numbered accounts to protect themselves from kidnappers blackmails and other criminals extorting money in their home countries still today numbered accounts offer a certain level of anonymity guaranteed by the swiss banking secrecy and the 3 starter protection law the name of the account holder does not appear on the bank statement who knows the identity of the ultimate beneficial owner of a numbered bank account today the name of the ultimate beneficial owner is known to your relationship manager very few additional bankers may have access on this needed basis only for example the compliance officer how to keep a number at paying accounts secret if you have a number account with the swiss bank you should avoid transactions moving outside the swiss territory because the name of the beneficial owners is subject to reporting obligation in case payments going out of switzerland avoid executing transactions in euro or dollars because transactions in europe transit over front foot and transaction in dollars transit over new york if you have a numbered account and if it is important for you to keep it secret you should avoid payments at all as long in your funds are located on swiss territory you are benefitting from the swiss tanta protection law the most severe total protection law in the world and still from the swiss bank secrecy but not for tax evasion anymore swiss bank secrecy does not help any more in connection with tax evasion but it still works very efficient for privacy protection and for asset action for efficient asset protection you can send up an offshore trust or offshore family foundation located in the best as a protection jurisdiction and then the lying company having an amber account fully anonymous number of accounts without disclose your obligation on the ultimate beneficial owner and the source of funds to not exist anymore they are history if some websites offer anonymous accounts run the other way if you like this video show it and press the like button now or feel free to give us feedback using the section of comments below now if you like my content make sure to not miss any future videos and subscribe my youtube channel now just click on the subscribe button now if you want to protect your money in a secret place for example out of the banking system if you want to discuss where is the best jurisdiction for asset protection trusts pick up the phone and give me a call now on the 41442124404 tell me your specific situation and i will propose you the most efficient and legal as a protection solution within the banking system but also out of the banking system let us discuss how to keep your hardly and legally earned money secret peerage and remain rich have a wonderful day

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Clfj83jCtLg

mom thanks so much for yeti alex and i sleep downstairs tonight so fine can we do it all the time no not every night just this week because we're remodeling your bedroom i think you'll really like it though it's going to be a big kids anyway room getting really late so do you guys want me to tell you a bedtime story before you go to sleep yeah mom tell us a really awesome story oh oh dude this cinderella story that one's my favorite oh i tell you the cinderella story all the time why don't i change it up a little bit this time i'll tell you a story about cinderella oh boy i just hope this house is clean enough and more goth will let me go to the ball i just really really want to go and meet the prince and i just been working so hard my back hurts i'm just tired oh cinderella i need you to give me a pedicure so my feet look nice and beautiful for the ball i guess after you're done scrubbing the floor ew i would totally never ever touch a brim or any kind of cleaning brush ever gross but though i look so fabulous in my dress and when you're done with her pedicure i need a manicure from you because i need my nails to look so beautiful for the ball so i can impress the prints oh and i also need you to do my hair and there's a lot of it huh thanks all right cinderella have you finished all the chores i gave you to do today there was a lot of them i had to scrub like all the floors and all the windows and just every single shelf in this mansion oh yes mother gossel i did everything that you asked and more i even went outside and trimmed the hedges and i cleaned out the refrigerator and vacuumed underneath the couch can i please just go to the ball with you guys um yeah about that um see we've spent all day getting ready and beautiful and the ball is like in just an hour and we're gonna be leaving soon and you're all gross and full of dust and stuff so you probably shouldn't go so you should probably just stay here and talk to snowmen or something what no no come on i've been cleaning all day i haven't cleaned the bathrooms and i worked so hard to go to the ball this just isn't fair i just i just don't know what to do with myself this is horrible girls get your behinds out here right now we are gonna be late to the ball if we don't leave right now and i will leave without you oh you take forever to get ready cinderella didn't even give me my manicure that i needed oh my nails aren't gonna be pretty lame oh i can't fit through this door oh yeah cinderella is so lazy she didn't even give me the pedicure i needed and i need my nails to be pretty oh i guess i'll wear clothes to my heels my dress is so poofy just get in there and yeah and they were so mean to me i just want to feel pretty for once and leave the castle and go somewhere nice i heard the cries of a fair maiden and i'm here to help oh wait what who are you and and how did you appear out of nowhere and how did you hear me crying i my dear i'm your fairy god merman and i'm here to help you with any problem you have oh you're a very merman i've never heard of one of those before but hey i'll take it i'll take anything you see my evil stepmother and evil stepsisters made me clean all day but they won't let me go to the ball and and all i want to do is dance and have a beautiful dress and just act like a normal person oh don't you worry my dear i will channel the powers of the ocean to make sure that you are ready to go to the ball and you are there oh thank you fairy god merman oh you are making my dreams come true i'm so happy now first i will channel my powers of the ocean to make you the most beautiful gown you will ever see a dress as sparkly and blue as the night sky oh it is dazzling it will surely win your prince charming over oh thank you fairy godmerman i just i can't believe how beautiful this dress is and it's mine and it looks so lovely and it's so glittery and i just feel like a real princess i love the choker and the dress it's so poofy it's perfect for the ball oh and these slippers i just noticed them they're very different too they're sparkly and glittery and and they seem kind of different they're really hard but cold what are these yes those are actually ice slippers since um you know glass is so last year oh wow ice slippers i've never worn those before but they feel so natural on my feet huh i wonder why this is so amazing thank you so much but the balls already started and it's so far away how can i get there on time oh don't you worry about that i will make you a beautiful chariot to take you to the ball now i just need to find something to turn into a beautiful carriage hmm let's see um oh aha this random little pumpkin growing over here should make a perfect shape for a carriage i channel the powers of the ocean to turn this little pumpkin into a beautiful carriage wonderful oh my goodness i can't believe you made this beautiful carriage just out of a little pumpkin it's magnificent look at the jewels and oh it's really roomy inside isn't it breathtaking all right now you just need something to pull the carriage to get you there hmm let's see um aha i can turn this random snowman sitting here into a beautiful horse to pull the chariot i chanted the powers of the ocean to turn the snowman into a beautiful horse no no no no no no no let me just tie him up okay your horse is tied to the carriage and you are all set to go to the ball oh thank you so much fairy god merman i just don't know how i'll ever be able to repay you oh but i must tell you one very important detail you must return home by the strike of midnight because on the 12th strike everything will disappear and go back to the way it was because for some reason my powers just don't last past midnight oh my well i guess i'll try to be home by midnight then now into your beautiful carriage and on your way to the prince's ball to dance the night away oh this is just so magical and amazing oh well i just can't wait to go to the ball now off to the ball you go to meet your prince charming and then the horse swiftly took cinderella to the palace where she was going to dance with the prince oh that's so beautiful mommy tell us about the ball now oh it's much too late felicia we'll have to save the rest of the story for another night okay mom kids if you want to hear part two of the story you gotta click like and once we reach 5 000 likes we will post part two of our cinderella story and in the comments let us know what you think will happen at the ball you better really like this video because i want to hear part two of this story click on a picture to watch another fun toy video and click on the question mark to watch a mystery video thanks for watching and have a great day

mom thanks so much for yeti alex and i sleep downstairs tonight so fine can we do it all the time no not every night just this week because we are remodeling your bedroom i think you will really like it though it is going to be a big kids anyway room getting really late so do you guys want me to tell you a bedtime story before you go to sleep yeah mom tell us a really awesome story 0 dude this cinderella story that one is my favorite 0 i tell you the cinderella story all the time why do not i change it up a little bit this time i will tell you a story about cinderella 0 boy i just hope this house is clean enough and more goth will let me go to the ball i just really really want to go and meet the prince and i just been working so hard my back hurts i am just tired 0 cinderella i need you to give me a pedicure so my feet look nice and beautiful for the ball i guess after you are done scrubbing the floor ew i would totally never ever touch a brim or any kind of cleaning brush ever gross but though i look so fabulous in my dress and when you are done with her pedicure i need a manicure from you because i need my nails to look so beautiful for the ball so i can impress the prints 0 and i also need you to do my hair and there is a lot of it huh thanks all right cinderella have you finished all the chores i gave you to do today there was a lot of them i had to scrub like all the floors and all the windows and just every single shelf in this mansion 0 yes mother gossel i did everything that you asked and more i even went outside and trimmed the hedges and i cleaned out the refrigerator and vacuumed underneath the couch can i please just go to the ball with you guys yeah about that see we have spent all day getting ready and beautiful and the ball is like in just an hour and we are going to be leaving soon and you are all gross and full of dust and stuff so you probably should not go so you should probably just stay here and talk to snowmen or something what no no come on i have been cleaning all day i have not cleaned the bathrooms and i worked so hard to go to the ball this just is not fair i just i just do not know what to do with myself this is horrible girls get your behinds out here right now we are going to be late to the ball if we do not leave right now and i will leave without you 0 you take forever to get ready cinderella did not even give me my manicure that i needed 0 my nails are not going to be pretty lame 0 i can not fit through this door 0 yeah cinderella is so lazy she did not even give me the pedicure i needed and i need my nails to be pretty 0 i guess i will wear clothes to my heels my dress is so poofy just get in there and yeah and they were so mean to me i just want to feel pretty for once and leave the castle and go somewhere nice i heard the cries of a fair maiden and i am here to help 0 wait what who are you and and how did you appear out of nowhere and how did you hear me crying i my dear i am your fairy god merman and i am here to help you with any problem you have 0 you are a very merman i have never heard of one of those before but hey i will take it i will take anything you see my evil stepmother and evil stepsisters made me clean all day but they will not let me go to the ball and and all i want to do is dance and have a beautiful dress and just act like a normal person 0 do not you worry my dear i will channel the powers of the ocean to make sure that you are ready to go to the ball and you are there 0 thank you fairy god merman 0 you are making my dreams come true i am so happy now 1st i will channel my powers of the ocean to make you the most beautiful gown you will ever see a dress as sparkly and blue as the night sky 0 it is dazzling it will surely win your prince charming over 0 thank you fairy godmerman i just i can not believe how beautiful this dress is and it is mine and it looks so lovely and it is so glittery and i just feel like a real princess i love the choker and the dress it is so poofy it is perfect for the ball 0 and these slippers i just noticed them they are very different too they are sparkly and glittery and and they seem kind of different they are really hard but cold what are these yes those are actually ice slippers since you know glass is so last year 0 wow ice slippers i have never worn those before but they feel so natural on my feet huh i wonder why this is so amazing thank you so much but the balls already started and it is so far away how can i get there on time 0 do not you worry about that i will make you a beautiful chariot to take you to the ball now i just need to find something to turn into a beautiful carriage let us see 0 aha this random little pumpkin growing over here should make a perfect shape for a carriage i channel the powers of the ocean to turn this little pumpkin into a beautiful carriage wonderful 0 my goodness i can not believe you made this beautiful carriage just out of a little pumpkin it is magnificent look at the jewels and 0 it is really roomy inside is not it breathtaking all right now you just need something to pull the carriage to get you there let us see aha i can turn this random snowman sitting here into a beautiful horse to pull the chariot i chanted the powers of the ocean to turn the snowman into a beautiful horse no no no no no no no let me just tie him up okay your horse is tied to the carriage and you are all set to go to the ball 0 thank you so much fairy god merman i just do not know how i will ever be able to repay you 0 but i must tell you one very important detail you must return home by the strike of midnight because on the 12th strike everything will disappear and go back to the way it was because for some reason my powers just do not last past midnight 0 my well i guess i will try to be home by midnight then now into your beautiful carriage and on your way to the prince is ball to dance the night away 0 this is just so magical and amazing 0 well i just can not wait to go to the ball now off to the ball you go to meet your prince charming and then the horse swiftly took cinderella to the palace where she was going to dance with the prince 0 that is so beautiful mommy tell us about the ball now 0 it is much too late felicia we will have to save the rest of the story for another night okay mom kids if you want to hear part 2 of the story you got to click like and once we reach 5 0 likes we will post part 2 of our cinderella story and in the comments let us know what you think will happen at the ball you better really like this video because i want to hear part 2 of this story click on a picture to watch another fun toy video and click on the question mark to watch a mystery video thanks for watching and have a great day

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpkQrer-eOo

today when you get up in the morning you're gonna start listening to music from Spotify on your tablet you can jump on your bike and start listening from your phone you can start watching a movie on Netflix while on the train and then finish when you get home on another device but today when you start studying at a university this is what you meet in convenient super expensive heavy textbooks today only 2% of the textbook industry is digitalized and why hasn't this industry evolved like most other content industries in the world in lakes we've created a convenient study platform for students in higher education targeting primarily University students it's available across most of your devices your books are in average 60% cheaper it's all digital it's always always accessible and it's super convenient most of all so the first three years in Lix we spent the time on boarding the publishers tried to convince them that we were the platform to go with and we spent a lot of time building the product so it was this game of building a little bit of product getting through security audits with publishers like cyber security teams or whatever and getting a little bit of text post on board as well so we've been playing that game for a couple of years getting a little further in each area and as you see on the graph it's taken a couple years to get where we are today but today we have more than 600,000 sex books on our platform and we work with more than 7,000 publishers worldwide especially the big ones Pearson mcgraw-hill Wiley all the international ones but this is a really really hot industry to get into I tried the first time back in 2013 went bankrupt with the first company first of all I didn't I didn't have a clue what I was doing but that's a different story but the reason for this is that the publishers are really hard to get distribution agreements with especially in education it's a massive cash cow for them to keep publishing new editions putting new the new editions on the reading list for the students to pay for the party yeah we actually even tried offering money up front to some of the publishers we didn't have the money but we tried that and that didn't even work but this was because of the piracy issue in the industry because the incentive to do piracy in music is quite high was quite high before Spotify came along but in the textbook industry the price point is so much higher and you're not choosing to buy the product yourself the professor is choosing it for you so to get into this industry you need to address what is called a broken market in many ways it reminds of the pharmaceutical industry where you have the publishers that produce the products within which in this case are the books then they have a massive sales force going to the professor's to make them adopt the book for the mandatory reading lists that the students then have to pay for and because of this the inflation in the market has just kept going over the last 40 years and it's actually rising more than the housing market the medical industry and many other industries as well but the students are forced to pay up so there's not really much to for them to do here for the same reason only 40 percent of students today buy their textbooks the rescue piracy and secondhand so unless we needed to become the marketplace addressing all three publishers get engagement data directly from the students they have a system that we provide them with where they can go directly to the publishers to the professor's sorry and send what is called a teaching example right today a teaching example is posted physically by by mail they spend a lot of resources doing that but we've made it possible to them to do it within 15 seconds professors can teach inlex directly free of charge and students have their platform as well but one second yeah but this is just the beginning what we can do now is we have the publisher data providing the CRM for the publishers that target the professors and then we know exactly which professors adopt a book and that gives us the data of which students to to target in our sales activities and more students provides more data provides more lecture teaching examples and so forth today the book is the sender of education especially higher education with a teeny bit of technology around it around it you know an e-book is not super sexy and it's not very interesting compared to a normal book but we want to make technology the big part of this and make the book much less significant by creating automated summaries social highlighting memory training and these kind of things and in the end we want to be the platform that takes in all kinds of educational contents no matter if it's video VR just a simple thing as audiobooks and then it's our job to tailor that specifically to each student so our long-term goal is to become a platform for personalized education not only focusing on the literature but that is just step one of the journey thank you [Applause]

today when you get up in the morning you are going to start listening to music from spotify on your tablet you can jump on your bike and start listening from your phone you can start watching a movie on netflix while on the train and then finish when you get home on another device but today when you start studying at a university this is what you meet in convenient super expensive heavy textbooks today only 2% of the textbook industry is digitalized and why has not this industry evolved like most other content industries in the world in lakes we have created a convenient study platform for students in higher education targeting primarily university students it is available across most of your devices your books are in average 60% cheaper it is all digital it is always always accessible and it is super convenient most of all so the 1st 3 years in lix we spent the time on boarding the publishers tried to convince them that we were the platform to go with and we spent a lot of time building the product so it was this game of building a little bit of product getting through security audits with publishers like cyber security teams or whatever and getting a little bit of text post on board as well so we have been playing that game for a couple of years getting a little further in each area and as you see on the graph it is taken a couple years to get where we are today but today we have more than 600000 sex books on our platform and we work with more than 7000 publishers worldwide especially the big ones pearson mcgraw hill wiley all the international ones but this is a really really hot industry to get into i tried the 1st time back in 2013 went bankrupt with the 1st company 1st of all i did not i did not have a clue what i was doing but that is a different story but the reason for this is that the publishers are really hard to get distribution agreements with especially in education it is a massive cash cow for them to keep publishing new editions putting new the new editions on the reading list for the students to pay for the party yeah we actually even tried offering money up front to some of the publishers we did not have the money but we tried that and that did not even work but this was because of the piracy issue in the industry because the incentive to do piracy in music is quite high was quite high before spotify came along but in the textbook industry the price point is so much higher and you are not choosing to buy the product yourself the professor is choosing it for you so to get into this industry you need to address what is called a broken market in many ways it reminds of the pharmaceutical industry where you have the publishers that produce the products within which in this case are the books then they have a massive sales force going to the professor is to make them adopt the book for the mandatory reading lists that the students then have to pay for and because of this the inflation in the market has just kept going over the last 40 years and it is actually rising more than the housing market the medical industry and many other industries as well but the students are forced to pay up so there is not really much to for them to do here for the same reason only 40% of students today buy their textbooks the rescue piracy and secondhand so unless we needed to become the marketplace addressing all 3 publishers get engagement data directly from the students they have a system that we provide them with where they can go directly to the publishers to the professor is sorry and send what is called a teaching example right today a teaching example is posted physically by by mail they spend a lot of resources doing that but we have made it possible to them to do it within 15 seconds professors can teach inlex directly free of charge and students have their platform as well but 12nd yeah but this is just the beginning what we can do now is we have the publisher data providing the crm for the publishers that target the professors and then we know exactly which professors adopt a book and that gives us the data of which students to to target in our sales activities and more students provides more data provides more lecture teaching examples and so forth today the book is the sender of education especially higher education with a teeny bit of technology around it around it you know an e book is not super sexy and it is not very interesting compared to a normal book but we want to make technology the big part of this and make the book much less significant by creating automated summaries social highlighting memory training and these kind of things and in the end we want to be the platform that takes in all kinds of educational contents no matter if it is video vr just a simple thing as audiobooks and then it is our job to tailor that specifically to each student so our long term goal is to become a platform for personalized education not only focusing on the literature but that is just step one of the journey thank you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ua-Cgf72X7U

welcome to the aredi stage um so we have a special announcement we now have uh John madog Hall uh and he'll be speaking about the history of computers and how things came about so big round of applause for John madog Hall thank you very much thank you very much uh I'm one of the people who helped to plan campus party here particularly for free and open source software and I'm particularly happy happy to be here in England in London because there's a lot of computer history that happened right around this area a lot of people are not aware of that they're not aware of the contributions that England and the rest of Europe made to computer systems most people think that computers were invented in Silicon Valley or Redmond Washington but it's simply not true so this talk is a little bit about that first of all who am I I started off being an electrical engineer in 1969 after being electrocuted by 13,600 volts and 800 amps I decided to go into software I started to figure out about these wonderful things called computers that by just using pure logic you could create and solve problems this was even better than drugs and let me tell you something in 1969 that was quite something now 1969 was an interesting year because that was the year that Unix was born it was also the last year that I shaved and since that time I've been working on mainframes Unix since 1980 and Linux since 1994 my first met lenux toy vaults I worked on very large systems very small systems I've been a programmer a systems administrator a producer of software and a consumer of software now I'm going to warn you that this talk is a highly opinionated talk and that you know a lot of substance can hear we can argue about things over beers later as to how things happen but most of this is based on true history we're going to have a definition of terms what terms are that we're talking about and this is interesting because of what is a computer really then a quick history of the computers and then the technology and the emerging Marketplace so definition of terms a CPU is basically made up of registers a sequencer and a controller an arithmetic logic unit which determines what the CPU does it controls things there's also a main store which uh originally in times were made up of different types of Parts but later on became either core memory or semiconductor RAM memory there's some type of bus that exchanges information between these different parts you could do IO and finally in some computer systems there's an operating system with a curle and a distribution around it now I'm going to go way back in time to some of the first programmable machines the music box was one of the the first programmable machines you had a comb of of metal that you would have a a cylinder on it with with pins sticking out and that the cylinder would turn and play the pins and make the music this is automated music now the real PR first programmable machine that used anything like Punch Cards was a shard luom in 1801 there was a loom that would weave cloth before that time you wo the cloth and you printed the pattern on it the shakar loom was the first machine that allowed you to weave the pattern into the cloth automatically following Punch Cards The Punch Cards would be linked together with pieces of tape would go over the top of the machine and the rods that controlled the pieces of thread would go up and down either through the hole or not through the hole and the weave would be done this was a Marvel of the age and Napoleon actually declared this as being one of the most interesting things that happened in his lifetime now the first computers happened in the period of 19 of 1791 to 1871 I'm say 1791 to 1871 there was a man named Charles Babbage and you have to go back in time to understand this because just before this a man named James Watt here in England developed something known as the steam engine this was the first time that you could have power motive power to allow things to be manufactured to allow things the Looms to be made that you didn't have to have the loom right beside some motive Force like water a water wheel of some type the steam engine allowed people to have manufacturing plants anywhere you wanted to put it people became enthralled about this machines were going to solve the problems of everybody the machine was going to be the thing that was going to solve all of humans problems Charles Babbage was an engineer and back in those days when you built something whether it be a bridge or a building use two basic tools use the slide rule to do your calculations and used a book of tables SS cosiness tangents all sorts of different tables all sorts of different formulas well one day Charles Babbage and a friend of his were sitting there and they were compar caring two books and they found out that in the same table for the same entry there were two different numbers how could this be well you know they were books were printed by human beings the numbers were calculated by human beings Somebody went out one night had a few too many beers and when they came in they just made a mistake and they printed the book and the book had errors in it and this horrified Charles Babbage cuz what would happen if somebody built a building based Bas on that number or built a bridge based on that number the bridge or the building could collapse and he decided that he was going to create an automated method of printing these books and so he decided to invent this thing called an analytical Engine That Could solve these mathematical quantities but it wasn't enough for the machine to just do the solution it also had to put and print this in the book so that there was no transcription problem of taking the number that was calculated versus putting it in the book and so Charles babage started to design this and it was a very very complex machine it was a uh it was a machine that had a lot of parts to it thousands and thousands of Parts it was a huge machine and the Machining capabilities back at that time weren't as good as they are now they didn't have a lot of the materials that we had and Charles babage had to collect a lot of money from invest ERS from the government to try and make this machine happen and he he was halfway through designing it when all of a sudden he had this other bright idea by using a trick of mathematics called The Difference Engine he could actually make the same engine do the same calculations but with onethird of the parts so he started over again and he started to create this machine he got halfway through that and his machinist decided hey I'm giving up on this so unfortunately Charles Babbage never finished his machine now there was a very great fan of his named CEST love lace back in those days women were not supposed to be mathematicians or anything like that men were supposed to stay in the house take care of the family maybe play the piano or something you know keep the man entertained that was what a woman's job was except you know Miss count love K LOVE La didn't quite fit that she was from a high family she gone to University she become a a mathematician and she believed very much in what Charles babage was doing so she actually wrote programs to if the machine had been built that these programs would actually cause the machine to calculate these numbers and to do what Charles babage wanted to so in effect cter slov lace was the first programmer and in honor of her we actually named a language later on Ada because name was actually Augusta adaah King the daughter of Lord Byron CIS lady love lace now a little bit later people took what Charles babage had done and decided to extend it a little bit and they actually produced two machines that actually did what he wanted to do but Charles babage himself never saw his machines done he died pennes and in in uh you know uh just didn't ever see them done so time moves on now all this was done here in London okay Charles babage was from London and all this work was done here lady lels was from London so going on a little bit it comes to N8 1935 and there's a guy named Allan Turing who graduated from King's College and Allan tury decided to write uh design a machine write a paper about what a thinking machine was like now Allen was actually interested in the human mind he said no I'm interested in human mind the human mind is actually made up of neurons and synapsis very simple things but a lot of them and if this if this human synapsis could come up and solve problems and things like that why can't we create a machine that will do the same thing and so he started to write and you know what types of things would this machine do and he come up with this paper in 1935 talking about what a machine would do in order to solve a solvable problem now there are two types of problems in the world there are solvable problems and unsolvable problems what is the last number of pi what is the last number of e we don't know it's unsolvable okay but if there's a problem that can be solved then and if a machine can solve it then any machine can solve that problem given enough time and memory and this is basic Bally the concept of what has become known as a touring machine he designed this theoretical machine that could solve any problem given enough time and storage space and people started to look at this and and said yeah we think that we can actually start to design these machines now this machine as I said was hypothetical he had a linear tape going through it was made up of cells containing symbols and each step the symbol was either either written or or read and representation printed and the Machine would move one square to the left or right as it went along and it was a change to have a new configuration but all the mathematical operations could be composed with this machine now at the same time there's a guy named Conrad Zeus in Germany who is working to create another type of automatic calculating machine he called it the Zeus one this is 1936 and he built the first freely programmable computer now when I say computer this is a thing it it can't store its own memory it's controlled by some type of a tape or some type of input like that but it was unfortunately very unreliable and Conrad Zeus kept trying to design more and more of these uh Zeus machines to make them more and more reliable over time Claude Shannon in 1937 decided to to create a array of of relays and switching circuits and try to build on what has been done by uh Allan touring and other people and again all of these things are being done in Europe okay in England and Europe oops there we go now in 1937 George steitz in B Labs started to hear about this stuff and he started to build a computer also based on some of this logic now we get to some very interesting stuff there is a place right outside of London called Bletchley Park Bletchley Park was a place that was trying to decode the German Enigma codes of World War II Germany was was taking messages and encoding them using something known as the Enigma machine the Enigma machine had a series of rotors the rotors were were wired up you would have a set of seven rotors any three of which were used at one time the rotors are positioned in the machine the rers are set to a particular position and then you would type on the keys of the machine and lights on the top of the machine would light up with the encoded message so if you hit the letter A perhaps the message on top would come up with a letter Z and so you would write down that Z and then the rotors would rotate and then the next letter you hit was in effect using a different code to come up with a different number or a different letter and it was a very very simple machine to use it was very very effective to decode the message you set the rotors to the same position and you you typed in the letter that you had in the message and out came the decrypted letter on the top so like I said very very simple to use it relied on the fact that you had this code book that told you on a particular particular day what position to put the rotors in and how to set up the machine with the right rotors and then you could start sending and receiving your messages and it this code was very very very difficult to break however there was some mathematicians over in Poland who had captured one of these machines analyzed the machine and started to figure out how you could break this encrypted code they had actually built a simple machine that could do the decrypting but by this time Hitler was coming closer and closer to Poland and they were afraid that he was going to capture them find out what they were doing and then the Germans would change the machine and and ruin all of their work so he took the machine to Great Britain and Great Britain looked at it and said okay we're going to make we're going to finish your work we're going to go and take this place at Bletchley Park we're going to turn it into a code decrypting facility and we are going to bring in the best mathematicians and cryptologists to to finish your work and Allen touring was one of them Allen touring created designed what has know become known as a bomba it actually is a a model of the Polish machine except it could start to decrypt the messages in parallel instead of just using one bomba to decrypt a message it would actually break up the message message and start to do multiple paths through this decryption the other thing that Alan Turing contributed to this was the fact he found out that a certain point of going through you could actually prove that the rest of the path was useless so instead of continuing down that path and wasting time he would have the bom stop select a different path to go through the decryption and therefore cut the decryption time considerably so these are the contributions that Allan Turing made to creating the bomber now over time Great Britain got so good at doing this that from time to time they actually faked their messages they would actually fake uh they would they would decrypt the message they find out what the Germans were doing and they would ignore it so the Germans figured out oh if they if they had breaken our code they would have stopped us over here they didn't do it so they must not have broken it yet or there was one time they took a dead Bri British officer they stuffed messages in his pocket threw him overboard on the ship let him drift ashore let the Germans find him and from the messages in his pocket the Germans said oh the British have no idea what we're doing couldn't possibly have broken the code because all the messages in this dead body are pointing to the wrong things and they never figured out that the British actually planted the body specifically to fool them but over time they did upgrade the machine they put in more rotors and they used this machine called the Loren machine to send the highest level of messages between the highest level of the Germans and this machine was so the messages were so complex that the regular bombas could no longer uh decode them and so they created this second machine called Colossus it was designed by a guy named Max Newman and another man named Tommy flowers it was based out of tubes and relays taken from telephone gear and the reason they were using standard materials was they didn't want the Germans to say oh what are these guys doing here why are they why are they why are they ordering this type of stuff to be done by using standard telephone parts to build this they escaped notice of building this machine this machine was about 10,000 times faster than the bomba at being able to solve these problems s and after a while the British built about 30 of these Colossus computers to do this in the same time in Germany Conrad Zeus had gotten up to the Z3 this used binary arithmetic some of the early computers used decimal arithmetic but binary arithmetic was a lot more dependable he also had a floating Point Unit that could do floating Point arithmetic instead of just integer arithmetic it was a machine that was electrom mechanical and it could be considered to be touring complete in other words it could store its own program in its own memory unfortunately it didn't quite get put together in 1942 John anisof and Clifford Barry created a computer called the ABC computer it too was binary it too was electronic but it was not programmable it was single purpose and therefore it wasn't touring complete in in 1944 Tommy flowers built a second Colossus but again it was still not touring complete it used a tape to program it in 1990 1944 in Harvard in the United States a man named Howard aen developed the mark1 computer this computer was a decimal computer and it was mechanical it actually had a drive shaft that went up the base of the computer and that shaft turned three times every second so its cycle time was 333 milliseconds the machine sounded a little bit like a car crash when it was running and it was used to uh to calculate ordinance now I'm going to take you back in time a little bit how many of you seen movies of Old World War II movies you know where people are firing the big gun you know well let me tell you what was happening there first of all you have a bunch of grunts people are 17 18 years old probably did not go to university they volunteered for the war because you know Hitler was was going to attack people and stuff and everything was going to come to an end they're volunteering for this war but they aren't exceptionally intelligent okay they're up there on the front lines they don't know too much about mathematics or anything like that but here you've got this really big gun it has this really big shell you're going to be shooting this shell a long way up there okay it's going to be up in the air a long time well if it's up in the air a long time the wind is blowing the shell okay so what you need to do is you need to turn the gun the opposite way Against the Wind this is known as windage all right you see the enemies a long way off well if you shot the gun straight up the bull goes straight up and com straight down and hits you if you a name the gun parallel to the ground the bull would go Ching boom you know and blow up there so you have to angle the gun at a certain at a certain angle what angle you angle it at also depends on how much powder you use and the powder comes in certain fixed quantities you have a 10 lb bag a 5B bag a one PB bag of gunpowder okay you don't have a half PB bag sorry so you have to do all your calculations with the weight of the shell the length of the distance where is the enemy is the enemy of above you or below you what is the wind all this type of stuff and you're the grunt so you have this thing called a field telephone I'm sure you've seen them in the movies this person sitting there with the field telephone calling something what he's calling is his place in Princeton New Jersey with a bunch of women sitting there with calculating machines and these books are filled with tables like Charles babage had filled with calculations and stuff like that and they're just calculating as fast as they can that the enem is this distance this height you know the wind is blowing this fast from this angle and you know how much gun P she use how the elevation windage fired a gun then they said there was binoculars you've seen this too binoculars and all of a sudden they see that the bullet hits like 250 ft to the West okay this is a problem it's a special problem because the enemy also has a big gun and since you just shot the enemy knows where you are and the enemy isn't stupid the enemy starts moving their gun and if you're you start moving your gun and the wind is changing and the Sun is going down and the birds are flying overhead and on your shell and all this stuff is happening okay all this stuff is changing and you're calling on all this information these women are cranking these things and Howard Akin said if I can create a fast calculating machine and program it with all these ordinance information then these guys can call this in gave me distance wind speed stuff and I can have the answer like that and they can fire it and they'll hit hopefully and if they don't hit then a fraction of a second I can give another calculation and they could try again and so he created the mark one Howard Aken was a commander in the United States Navy and he was an electrical engineer and he was also a male shoven his Pig and when he got all finished they said oh great job Howard now program it for ordinance say I can't do that CU I don't know anything about ordinance I'm an electrical engineer I design a computer I have no idea what ordinance is so they sent down to to Princeton New Jersey and they brought up one of these people and they said could you program this computer with ordinance and this person's name was Grace Murray Hopper and Grace Mary Hopper when when Howard Ain heard the grace Mary Hopper was coming up he said I don't want a woman or my my team you know I'm We're Men we're in the Navy I don't want a woman on my team unfortunately for Howard he had to leave he was called away to another meeting and he was gone for about two weeks and in that two we period of time Grace Murray Hopper came up taught herself how the computer worked taught herself how to program it programmed the computer and whipped Howard Akin's team into shape so much so that when Howard Ain came back he had to admit that Grace Murray Hopper was more of a man than he was and so Grace Murray Hopper is the first modern computer programmer going back to Zeus again he tried again in 1945 another touring complete machine binary but because this was Germany nobody was going to recognize his work and so he kind of faded Into Obscurity in 1946 the eniac was created at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1969 when I was a University students I was taught that the eniac was the first electronic digital computer why because at the end of World War II Winston Churchill declared that all the Colossus machines be destroyed all the bomber machines be destroyed he was afraid that if World War II started up again and if the Germans knew that they had broken the Enigma code that the Germans would have made a code that was unbreakable and because he didn't want to take that chance he swore every single one of the 30,000 people who worked on that project to secrecy forever well forever lasted until 1970 When The War when the war information was Declassified and in 1970 people people started to find out about Bletchley Park and the work that was done there and one of the great stories about Bletchley Park was when they opened it up and people started to come there there was this old couple man and woman had been married ever since the end of World War II and they were standing there looking at the park and and the guy says yeah that's where I used to work right over there and she said oh really well that's where I used to work right over there they've been married for over 25 years and had never once mentioned to each other what they had done during the war so there were other machines electromechanical machines but they were not either stored program nor were they electronic and things went on now in June of 1948 in Manchester England Allen touring wented to create a small scale touring complete computer system called baby and they wanted to store the data in a cathod ray tube memory so in the cathod ray tube what you did was you could write with a with a beam and the phosphorus would start to glow and you go back and read it again with the glass with the phosphorus was glowing so the scan rate was going across it was kind of a serial direct access memory okay and if you wanted to erase memory you had to erase the whole vacuum tube so you had Old cathod Tube so you had to have some place to store the data while you erased the long-term memory kind of crude and primitive but touring wrote another paper in 1948 about intelligent Machinery he said what would happen if I could talk to a machine and the Machine could answer back to me and I had no way of figuring out whether this is a machine or not would this be an intelligent machine no matter how I put it together no matter what it's made up of but if I can't tell that who I'm talking to is a machine or not then that machine must be intelligent and there's a lot more to the paper but this became a measure of artificial intelligence which exists to the day and this is why Watson in you know the IBM machine Watson when it was playing against other players was so fascinating because in effect you couldn't tell that Watson was not a human being now at the University of Cambridge Cambridge England in 1949 Maurice wils who is actually a classmate of Marie of Alan toring they both graduated from King's College in the same year uh Maurice wils was ahe of the edsac project and the edsac project was the first computer system that completed the touring model it did stor program it did all the calculations necessary to complete the touring model and it used Mercury tubes to store the data so you had a long tube of mercury and you had a transducer in one end that created a pulse of sound the pulse of sound would travel up the tube Mercury when it got up to the top there was a transducer that could figure out whether there's a pulse there or not if you wanted to do a non-destructive read you had to duplicate that pulse electronically back at the bottom of the tube and it would travel up the tube again if you had eight tubes you could have a bite of memory but once again there was a Serial time that it took for that vibration to go through the tube and so was kind of a direct access but yet still cral Access Memory but it worked until the truck came by and vibrated everything now 1950 tring wrote another uh paper and this time it was published in Machinery intelligence a magazine mind magazine and this was the formalization of the touring test of intelligence and he described a state machine very clearly in this message now again the people who did some of the first programming of these machines because these machines were done during wartime and most of these machines were aimed at some some aspect of of War whether it be decoding messages doing ballistics or calculations of different types these women these people are mostly women not all of them but a lot of them were women a lot of them in the military and up until this time these machines had names like electromechanical numerical calculator or something like that but these women had an official designation in a Navy wave category because what they did was they calculated ballistics they computed ballistics their official term in the US Navy was computers and after this after a while the the machine took on the name of the person and that's why we call them computers now about this time people started to say maybe we can take and develop companies out of this IBM had been in the industry for a very long time using tabulating machines with cards Hollerith cards made with Herman made by Herman Hollerith helping with a 1890 census of the United States but IBM decided they were going to step in and start making some of these new Fango things called computers famously Tom Watson the head of IBM figured we'd only need five computers in the world because that's all we would need to do all the Computing necessary for humankind I'm kind of glad he was wrong burrow another company unifax Barry all of these companies a lot of them don't exist anymore today or some of them exist but they've gone off into different areas and finally the company that I worked for digital equipment Corporation now I'd also like to take some time to point out a myth a lot of people think that back in these days computer vendors like digital like IBM created different operating systems to lock their customers in that you would write your program for the operating system and we would make our operating system different from a a competitor's operating system so You' be forced to use our computer believe me folks I was there that conversation never came up because you got to remember that these computer systems typically had memories of 4,000 12bit words of memory the first computer I ever worked on had only 4,6 bit words of memory there wasn't any room for an operating system okay I wrote my program and I linked the device drivers into my program and I boo Ed my program to run inside the machine and one program at a time ran inside that machine okay it and know in that time frame IBM main frames would have a quarter of a megabyte of memory and the operating systems there were very simple and we created operating systems to allow our customers to use the machine more efficiently that's why we had it so at one time we created as machine called the pdp1 it had a 65k address space it was a mini computer we had 11 different operating systems on that machine one operating system was rt11 it did realtime work another operating system was rsx1 it did soft Real Time and Time sharing work another system was RS RS um rsts a a time sharing system used for Education its main programming language basic plus we had Unix systems two or three different types of Unix systems system 3 system 5 Berkeley on this if we were trying to lock people we had 11 different operating systems on the pdp11 architecture if we wanted to Simply lock people in we could have done it with one and we would have saved a lot of money than having the 11 but we were trying to create interfaces to allow people to run batch jobs or time sharing or real time and do it efficiently this was also the time where there were no computer science degrees if you were doing computer science it's because you were a physicist or because you were electrical engineer or because you were weather forecaster or because you were a chemist you had a real job of doing that work and you wrote programs to solve your own problems I had a professor of mine in 1969 turn to me and say John you're never going to ever make a a living as a professional programmer and I'm still trying to find out if he was right okay you know is only later on that the concept of professional programmer somebody who wrote programs for somebody else came about and in 1969 I was I was a college student I couldn't afford $100,000 for compiler and so I joined this organization called deas and we'll hear more about deas in a couple minutes also in 1969 in New Jersey there was a guy named Ken Thompson Ken Thompson was a researcher he was assigned to a project called multics it was a group project of the telephone company MIT General Electric and a bunch of other people trying to design an operating system that would be the be all end all operating system for everybody unfortunately at that time the telephone company was being inspected by the government and said we think you're a monopoly and being a monopoly and being a telephone company you can't be involved with computers because obviously computers have nothing to do with telepan so they pulled Ken Thompson back from this project K went back to the labs in New Jersey he was disappointed because he loved working on comp computer systems he found this castoff computer system in the hallway called a PDP 7 and he joined with a few other people to write this tiny little operating system that was going to be one thing for one person Unix and Ken Thompson and Dennis Richie wrote the first Unix system let me describe how that was done because the pp7 had a memory it was too small to fit much in so they had to go to another computer system and write the Assembly Language for the PDP 7 and have a cross assembler punch it onto paper tape and bring it over to the PDP 7 and load it in and watch it fail then go back to the original computer type in some more machine language punch out the tape bring it over to pp7 and put it in and watch it fail okay fortunately Ken and Dennis are really good programers so watching it fail does happen too often until they had something that would actually run and this started to gain the attention of other people in Bell s now they need the the pp7 was running out of steam so they needed another computer system but unlike the PDP 7 that was cast off in the hallway nobody was using it the pdp11 cost $150,000 which they didn't have to do this so they went to the one place in C of bell Laboratories that had all the money in the world and never had to justify anything to anybody can anybody figure out what that what that place is we're in Bell Labs had all the money in the world what military no this belill Laboratories research division not banking but you're getting close CE no no the CEO didn't have any money what you're getting really really close the legal apartment this is Bell Laboratories and they were writing all these patents stuff and filing this patents and stuff like that this is how a you know Bell Labs made a lot of money was by developing things and then patenting it then licensing these patents out the people and the patent Department had money okay and Ken Thompson and Dennis Richie convinced the lawyers that they would write a computer system for them so they could type in their legal briefs and for form at them and print them out and they would look beautiful now I want to I want to remind you that this is being done with not a full screen editor not a line editor but a DOT editor Ed it's also being done with enro and TR imagine a lawyer sitting there typing in their legal breeds formatting it with NR and TR no that's why we developed some really intelligent people called Legal secretaries and then they would actually do the formatting and stuff it's also one of the reasons why Unix is so character oriented with its with its pipes and filters by the way the person who invented pipes and filters was a man named Douglas maoy Dennis was the head of bell Laboratories the the department that hired Ken Thompson and Dennis Richie Ken uh Dennis yeah Doug is also credited with coming up with the concept of macros so he's a very intelligent guy they took their program that was written in Assembly Language to the PDP 7 and they rewrote it into Assembly Language for the pdp1 so this is the second time they've written a kernel in Assembly Language and then after that then says this is too much work I'm going to create this language called C and we're going to rewrite the kernel on that so they rewrote the kernel again in C and he said thank God we're finished with that no it did didn't help them because then they were moving from the pdp1 to an inata 832 and they found out that there's huge architectural differences so they rewrote the kernel Again by separating the device independent parts of the kernel from the device dependent parts of the kernel and the more different places they pointed it the the better and better they got at separating the parts of the kernel that were device independent like scheduling memory management things like that from the parts that were devic in dependent bus structure iio types of things like that and they kept doing this and doing this also in 1969 the arpanet was created the thing which we now call the internet the arpanet was created but nobody believed at that time we would have all these computer systems tied together multi-billions of them that's why the address space for the AR arpanet was only 15 bits because we figured you know just like Tom Watson said we only need five computers in the world arpanet says hey we only need to hook together about you know 1,24 systems wrong also in 1969 I was a university student I started to tell you about that and the cost of software was really high there was no shrink wrap software there were no computer stores if there had been a computer store you need an 18-wheel tractor trailer truck to haul your computer home you need three-phase electrical power to plug your computer in you need a 20ton air conditioner to cool it off and N of the computers were really the same a company would design a computer they might produce a hundred of them or a thousand of them but it wasn't enough to to sustain a binary only distribution a compiler might cost you $100,000 a copy that's a lot of money isn't it but if your computer system cost you $2.5 million and this compiler is going to make your programs run 10% faster that's like saving $250,000 so a $100,000 computer is a compiler is a good deal and when you ordered the compiler the Magnetic Tape showed up with a compiler on it with a source code of the compiler on it but you also got an engineer and he spent about a week there getting his compiler to work on your computer system and feed data in you know programs in and watch the output come out and say yep it's working properly and then he would leave that's how we did software back in those days but I was a computer I was I was a student I could afford $100,000 for a computer so I joined this organization called deas the digital Equipment Corporation us the society there was another one for IBM called share there's another one for noville called brainstorm but they all made up of the same type of people end users who are trying to write software to do their own job and after they got the software written they said what am I going to do with it am I going to sell it well let me tell you something selling hard selling software is hard work you know people expect documentation people expect you're going to be fixing bugs people expect you're going to be able to advertise it distribute it things like that there's all this stuff and these people were not in the business of writing software they were physicists and chemists so they took their software and they contri uted it to the Deus library now I was a student I had to pay $15 for the paper catalog of all these programs and then when I got the paper catalog I looked into it the text editor was $5 now $5 doesn't sound like much today but $5 back in 1969 would buy you 10 pictures of beer you know and I had a choice text editor or 10 pictures of beer I think you can see what direction I would go but this was free software as a matter of fact software copyrights didn't apply to software at that time the software copyrights didn't apply to software until about 1986 nor did patents you couldn't patent software so I would go to the school store I would buy new paper tape I would stick it through my ASR 33 teletype there it is right there there's the paper tape reader punch and I would make copies of my text editor and I would sell it to my my roommates for a dollar a copy and by the time I sold 10 copies I not only had paid for the text editor paid for the new tape but I had my 10 pictures of beer this is the service of creating software now an assembler was $15 that was a real money maker for me and this is you know these people wrote the software I contributed it to deas for the same reason people write free software today these people would go to deas and and or people contact them and say hey great piece of software I made some changes to it would you like the change this sure and now you had two people working on your software you would go to a deas meeting and somebody walk up to you and say great piece of software let me buy you a beer or let me buy you dinner or would you like a job and these are all the reasons why people write free software today so you see free software is not something new it's not something that happened we go of Richard stallman we'll get to Richard in a moment the pdp11 had these textual base commands sort off greed it's all because those lawyers still were trying to do the legal briefs and the Unix escaped it went to universities large government Laboratories stuff like that and then finally commercial commercial companies like digital Equipment Corporation Sun started to make binary only copies of Unix why binary only copies because AT&T licensed a source code of Unix for $160,000 per machine and you had to give them the the serial number of the computer system you're putting it on and people say well wait a minute Unix was free right no it wasn't they licensed it freely to universities a university could get a sitewide license for $350 and put on as many machines as they wanted to but those were research universities Columbia Berkeley you know MIT those type of universities I belong to Harford State Technical College when I wanted to get a copy of Unix they told me it's $160,000 per copy and so these companies who wanted to distribute Unix they said if we distribute binaries only copies can we get it at much lower cost and AT&T said sure and so that's the reason they were creating the binary only copies and yes to protect their investment their intellectual property but it was mostly to get around the at& licensing cuz we had other ways of protecting intellectual copy property we did contracts contract law things like that that was perfectly good for protecting the intellectual property now Unix had lots of features very new to various systems but they were gathering these features from all over putting them in time sharing multiprocessing there were other systems starting to come out little computer systems like the Atari the kim1 commodor they were using some operating systems like CPM very simple executive type of system CPM was for the myips alair machine it had an S100 bus it could do 18 and 16bit uh computers the z80 was a very famous One 64k memory space use seven bit asy what's great about seven bit asky you really can only do English with it and any other language like German or Spanish or anything like that you really need 8bit asy and so you know I can remember engineers in the United States not even understanding the problem because they were only they only knew English and they never tried to write any type of foreign language with that the Berkeley Unix when it came out from Berkeley only supported seven bit asky now back in those days your storage for these microcomputers were analog cassette tapes this cassette set tapes would would capture tones like a modem would make store those tones on the tape and when you wanted to play it back you play the tones back feed it through the modem again and create the digital ones and zeros to go in it was primitive but it was great now about 1976 and 1977 this company called Apple started up you may have heard of them and about the same time IBM decided it wanted to have a personal computer and so with Charlie Chaplain at about $220,000 you could have this personal computer sitting on your desk that would have all of maybe 16,000 bytes of memory and use 5 and a/4 inch floppy discs to store your data but these things were mostly for professional use people didn't play games on them you wouldn't play games on your $220,000 computer okay it was much too useful for that and about the same time people said hey the software is just too expensive but maybe if we can Mass produce the hardware we can also Mass produce the software and I remember going into the first computer store there was Apple twos there was IBM PCS and there were three boxes of software on the Shelf now you didn't need the operating system that came with the system but if you wanted a text editor it was word star if you wanted a spreadsheet it was supercal and then you needed a little modem program to hook your system up to get to access a bulletin board to copy down other programs for your system those three boxes of software in 1981 Sun Microsystems and digital were starting to bring out some of their and IBM and hula Packers starting to bring out these Unix systems and there were basically two flavors AT&T Unix the right one from AT&T and BSD Unix now AT&T Unix didn't have really good networking it was a swapping type of operating system it did it used dial up storing forward systems called uucp Unix to Unix copy to do its networking Berkeley Unix was definitely the superior Unix system of the time so a lot of people bought their license from AT&T for got their software for the University of California Berkeley in 1984 there was a college student at Mi who was used to getting his the software for Unix in source code for he liked looking at Unix he liked seeing how it worked he liked being able to write little device drivers of things and now he was getting binary only code and this infuriated him so Richard stalman started the project which became known as gnu for new is not Unix it was a project that was going to create a complete operating system available in source code for he started off with something called emac now this was actually a brilliant thing because if he started trying to write the Kel He would have ended up finished writing the kernel but he would have nothing to run on the Kernel it would be useless instead he started writing programs that were portable across a wide variety of different systems and the first one was a sophist text editor called emac a lot of people think he could have stopped with emac because emac is like an operating system but he continued on he ran he he created things like uh Suites of compilers C compiler Fortran Pascal the G compiler Suite he created utilities he created lots and lots of stuff the the computer stores started up even more but there Comes This Time we have to balance the technology of the capability versus the cost the speed of the CPU versus all of the other things that go with it and also the network capability and all of these things kept pushing people on to more and more complex systems let's talk about standards for a second I was in a hotel room one time in Korea I'm in the shower I'm naked I know too much information I'm staying there and the water is extremely hot my hands are all soaked up and I'm reaching for the valves and they're so smooth I can't turn them off and I'm being burned and I'm going oh my goodness why can't this hotel just go down to the hardware store get a new set of knobs with some knobby neurals on them so I can grab them it'd be easy to replace them because there's a standard for the pipe fittings but then I thought what if Apple had designed that hotel well you couldn't replace the handles because that the handles would have been a proprietary standard you have to replace the pipes in the handles but you can't replace the pipes cuz the fittings going to the sewer system is proprietary you have to replace all the piping all the way out to the street so standards are good Ken Olen the president of my company once said the standards are an interesting as a Russian truck what he meant was he hated the process of creating standards because it was nitpicky type of work he hated doing it but once the standard was created was created as an engineer he wanted to create something that was faster better more scalable lower cost more sustainable more creative but standards were something you innovated above and below do changing them without consensus 16% of all Computing is is is scientific and Engineering Computing 84% of all Computing is commercial 500% of all Computing is commercial software consumer software standards the best technology doesn't always win if you remember Sony betamax it was better but VHS won because it was marketed better marketing good marketing well often Trump good technology Sony Walkman we were used to having audio in one place the Sony Walkman allowed us to carry our audio with us it was revolutionary but Sony lost to the clones that came out likewise a lot of companies that had started in computer systems have been lost because of marketing pressures I'm running out of time folks but if I want to leave you with one thought tonight it's that a lot of computer history happened here and is still happening here the the University of Cambridge has developed the Raspberry Pi the University of Cambridge worked on Zen arm is located here in in London or Cambridge there's a lot of stuff that's happening here and I know that there's a lot of of effort of people saying what can we do to make Europe and England centers of Technology again my feeling is it never stopped and all you have to do is look around take pride in what you've done and what you are doing and what you will do thank you very much I do have a prize alen touring liked to play the game Monopoly and Allan Turing changed the Monopoly board to meet his needs Allan touring's board was lost for a long time but they found it in the in the uh attic of a building and it was contributed to Bletchley Park Bletchley Park worked with Monopoly company and Google to create a special uring package of Monopoly I am going to give this away tonight to the first person who can tell me the name of the first programmer you got it thank you very much ladies and gentlemen thank you so much Mad Dog for graciously stepping in after Chris hman couldn't make it so thank you very much Round of Applause

welcome to the aredi stage so we have a special announcement we now have john madog hall and he will be speaking about the history of computers and how things came about so big round of applause for john madog hall thank you very much thank you very much i am one of the people who helped to plan campus party here particularly for free and open source software and i am particularly happy happy to be here in england in london because there is a lot of computer history that happened right around this area a lot of people are not aware of that they are not aware of the contributions that england and the rest of europe made to computer systems most people think that computers were invented in silicon valley or redmond washington but it is simply not true so this talk is a little bit about that 1st of all who am i i started off being an electrical engineer in 1969 after being electrocuted by 13600 volts and 800 amps i decided to go into software i started to figure out about these wonderful things called computers that by just using pure logic you could create and solve problems this was even better than drugs and let me tell you something in 1969 that was quite something now 1969 was an interesting year because that was the year that unix was born it was also the last year that i shaved and since that time i have been working on mainframes unix since 1980 and linux since 1994 my 1st met lenux toy vaults i worked on very large systems very small systems i have been a programmer a systems administrator a producer of software and a consumer of software now i am going to warn you that this talk is a highly opinionated talk and that you know a lot of substance can hear we can argue about things over beers later as to how things happen but most of this is based on true history we are going to have a definition of terms what terms are that we are talking about and this is interesting because of what is a computer really then a quick history of the computers and then the technology and the emerging marketplace so definition of terms a cpu is basically made up of registers a sequencer and a controller an arithmetic logic unit which determines what the cpu does it controls things there is also a main store which originally in times were made up of different types of parts but later on became either core memory or semiconductor ram memory there is some type of bus that exchanges information between these different parts you could do io and finally in some computer systems there is an operating system with a curle and a distribution around it now i am going to go way back in time to some of the 1st programmable machines the music box was one of the the 1st programmable machines you had a comb of of metal that you would have a a cylinder on it with with pins sticking out and that the cylinder would turn and play the pins and make the music this is automated music now the real pr 1st programmable machine that used anything like punch cards was a shard luom in 1801 there was a loom that would weave cloth before that time you wo the cloth and you printed the pattern on it the shakar loom was the 1st machine that allowed you to weave the pattern into the cloth automatically following punch cards the punch cards would be linked together with pieces of tape would go over the top of the machine and the rods that controlled the pieces of thread would go up and down either through the hole or not through the hole and the weave would be done this was a marvel of the age and napoleon actually declared this as being one of the most interesting things that happened in his lifetime now the 1st computers happened in the period of 19 of 1791 to 1871 i am say 1791 to 1871 there was a man named charles babbage and you have to go back in time to understand this because just before this a man named james watt here in england developed something known as the steam engine this was the 1st time that you could have power motive power to allow things to be manufactured to allow things the looms to be made that you did not have to have the loom right beside some motive force like water a water wheel of some type the steam engine allowed people to have manufacturing plants anywhere you wanted to put it people became enthralled about this machines were going to solve the problems of everybody the machine was going to be the thing that was going to solve all of humans problems charles babbage was an engineer and back in those days when you built something whether it be a bridge or a building use 2 basic tools use the slide rule to do your calculations and used a book of tables ss coziness tangents all sorts of different tables all sorts of different formulas well one day charles babbage and a friend of his were sitting there and they were compar caring 2 books and they found out that in the same table for the same entry there were 2 different numbers how could this be well you know they were books were printed by human beings the numbers were calculated by human beings somebody went out one night had a few too many beers and when they came in they just made a mistake and they printed the book and the book had errors in it and this horrified charles babbage cuz what would happen if somebody built a building based bas on that number or built a bridge based on that number the bridge or the building could collapse and he decided that he was going to create an automated method of printing these books and so he decided to invent this thing called an analytical engine that could solve these mathematical quantities but it was not enough for the machine to just do the solution it also had to put and print this in the book so that there was no transcription problem of taking the number that was calculated versus putting it in the book and so charles babage started to design this and it was a very very complex machine it was a it was a machine that had a lot of parts to it 1000s and 1000s of parts it was a huge machine and the machining capabilities back at that time were not as good as they are now they did not have a lot of the materials that we had and charles babage had to collect a lot of money from invest ers from the government to try and make this machine happen and he he was halfway through designing it when all of a sudden he had this other bright idea by using a trick of mathematics called the difference engine he could actually make the same engine do the same calculations but with onethird of the parts so he started over again and he started to create this machine he got halfway through that and his machinist decided hey i am giving up on this so unfortunately charles babbage never finished his machine now there was a very great fan of his named cest love lace back in those days women were not supposed to be mathematicians or anything like that men were supposed to stay in the house take care of the family maybe play the piano or something you know keep the man entertained that was what a woman is job was except you know miss count love k love la did not quite fit that she was from a high family she gone to university she become a a mathematician and she believed very much in what charles babage was doing so she actually wrote programs to if the machine had been built that these programs would actually cause the machine to calculate these numbers and to do what charles babage wanted to so in effect cter slov lace was the 1st programmer and in honor of her we actually named a language later on ada because name was actually augusta adaah king the daughter of lord byron cis lady love lace now a little bit later people took what charles babage had done and decided to extend it a little bit and they actually produced 2 machines that actually did what he wanted to do but charles babage himself never saw his machines done he died pennes and in in you know just did not ever see them done so time moves on now all this was done here in london okay charles babage was from london and all this work was done here lady lels was from london so going on a little bit it comes to n 8 1935 and there is a guy named allan turing who graduated from king is college and allan tury decided to write design a machine write a paper about what a thinking machine was like now allen was actually interested in the human mind he said no i am interested in human mind the human mind is actually made up of neurons and synapsis very simple things but a lot of them and if this if this human synapsis could come up and solve problems and things like that why can not we create a machine that will do the same thing and so he started to write and you know what types of things would this machine do and he come up with this paper in 1935 talking about what a machine would do in order to solve a solvable problem now there are 2 types of problems in the world there are solvable problems and unsolvable problems what is the last number of pi what is the last number of e we do not know it is unsolvable okay but if there is a problem that can be solved then and if a machine can solve it then any machine can solve that problem given enough time and memory and this is basic bally the concept of what has become known as a touring machine he designed this theoretical machine that could solve any problem given enough time and storage space and people started to look at this and and said yeah we think that we can actually start to design these machines now this machine as i said was hypothetical he had a linear tape going through it was made up of cells containing symbols and each step the symbol was either either written or or read and representation printed and the machine would move one square to the left or right as it went along and it was a change to have a new configuration but all the mathematical operations could be composed with this machine now at the same time there is a guy named conrad zeus in germany who is working to create another type of automatic calculating machine he called it the zeus one this is 1936 and he built the 1st freely programmable computer now when i say computer this is a thing it it can not store its own memory it is controlled by some type of a tape or some type of input like that but it was unfortunately very unreliable and conrad zeus kept trying to design more and more of these zeus machines to make them more and more reliable over time claude shannon in 1937 decided to to create a array of of relays and switching circuits and try to build on what has been done by allan touring and other people and again all of these things are being done in europe okay in england and europe oops there we go now in 1937 george steitz in b labs started to hear about this stuff and he started to build a computer also based on some of this logic now we get to some very interesting stuff there is a place right outside of london called bletchley park bletchley park was a place that was trying to decode the german enigma codes of world war ii germany was was taking messages and encoding them using something known as the enigma machine the enigma machine had a series of rotors the rotors were were wired up you would have a set of 7 rotors any 3 of which were used at one time the rotors are positioned in the machine the rers are set to a particular position and then you would type on the keys of the machine and lights on the top of the machine would light up with the encoded message so if you hit the letter a perhaps the message on top would come up with a letter z and so you would write down that z and then the rotors would rotate and then the next letter you hit was in effect using a different code to come up with a different number or a different letter and it was a very very simple machine to use it was very very effective to decode the message you set the rotors to the same position and you you typed in the letter that you had in the message and out came the decrypted letter on the top so like i said very very simple to use it relied on the fact that you had this code book that told you on a particular particular day what position to put the rotors in and how to set up the machine with the right rotors and then you could start sending and receiving your messages and it this code was very very very difficult to break however there was some mathematicians over in poland who had captured one of these machines analyzed the machine and started to figure out how you could break this encrypted code they had actually built a simple machine that could do the decrypting but by this time hitler was coming closer and closer to poland and they were afraid that he was going to capture them find out what they were doing and then the germans would change the machine and and ruin all of their work so he took the machine to great britain and great britain looked at it and said okay we are going to make we are going to finish your work we are going to go and take this place at bletchley park we are going to turn it into a code decrypting facility and we are going to bring in the best mathematicians and cryptologists to to finish your work and allen touring was one of them allen touring created designed what has know become known as a bomba it actually is a a model of the polish machine except it could start to decrypt the messages in parallel instead of just using one bomba to decrypt a message it would actually break up the message message and start to do multiple paths through this decryption the other thing that alan turing contributed to this was the fact he found out that a certain point of going through you could actually prove that the rest of the path was useless so instead of continuing down that path and wasting time he would have the bom stop select a different path to go through the decryption and therefore cut the decryption time considerably so these are the contributions that allan turing made to creating the bomber now over time great britain got so good at doing this that from time to time they actually faked their messages they would actually fake they would they would decrypt the message they find out what the germans were doing and they would ignore it so the germans figured out 0 if they if they had breaken our code they would have stopped us over here they did not do it so they must not have broken it yet or there was one time they took a dead bri british officer they stuffed messages in his pocket threw him overboard on the ship let him drift ashore let the germans find him and from the messages in his pocket the germans said 0 the british have no idea what we are doing could not possibly have broken the code because all the messages in this dead body are pointing to the wrong things and they never figured out that the british actually planted the body specifically to fool them but over time they did upgrade the machine they put in more rotors and they used this machine called the loren machine to send the highest level of messages between the highest level of the germans and this machine was so the messages were so complex that the regular bombas could no longer decode them and so they created this 2nd machine called colossus it was designed by a guy named max newman and another man named tommy flowers it was based out of tubes and relays taken from telephone gear and the reason they were using standard materials was they did not want the germans to say 0 what are these guys doing here why are they why are they why are they ordering this type of stuff to be done by using standard telephone parts to build this they escaped notice of building this machine this machine was about 10000 times faster than the bomba at being able to solve these problems s and after a while the british built about 30 of these colossus computers to do this in the same time in germany conrad zeus had gotten up to the z 3 this used binary arithmetic some of the early computers used decimal arithmetic but binary arithmetic was a lot more dependable he also had a floating point unit that could do floating point arithmetic instead of just integer arithmetic it was a machine that was electrom mechanical and it could be considered to be touring complete in other words it could store its own program in its own memory unfortunately it did not quite get put together in 1942 john anisof and clifford barry created a computer called the abc computer it too was binary it too was electronic but it was not programmable it was single purpose and therefore it was not touring complete in in 1944 tommy flowers built a 2nd colossus but again it was still not touring complete it used a tape to program it in 1990 1944 in harvard in the united states a man named howard aen developed the mark one computer this computer was a decimal computer and it was mechanical it actually had a drive shaft that went up the base of the computer and that shaft turned 3 times every 2nd so its cycle time was 333 milliseconds the machine sounded a little bit like a car crash when it was running and it was used to to calculate ordinance now i am going to take you back in time a little bit how many of you seen movies of old world war ii movies you know where people are firing the big gun you know well let me tell you what was happening there 1st of all you have a bunch of grunts people are 17 18 years old probably did not go to university they volunteered for the war because you know hitler was was going to attack people and stuff and everything was going to come to an end they are volunteering for this war but they are not exceptionally intelligent okay they are up there on the front lines they do not know too much about mathematics or anything like that but here you have got this really big gun it has this really big shell you are going to be shooting this shell a long way up there okay it is going to be up in the air a long time well if it is up in the air a long time the wind is blowing the shell okay so what you need to do is you need to turn the gun the opposite way against the wind this is known as windage all right you see the enemies a long way off well if you shot the gun straight up the bull goes straight up and com straight down and hits you if you a name the gun parallel to the ground the bull would go ching boom you know and blow up there so you have to angle the gun at a certain at a certain angle what angle you angle it at also depends on how much powder you use and the powder comes in certain fixed quantities you have a 10 lb bag a 5 b bag a one pb bag of gunpowder okay you do not have a half pb bag sorry so you have to do all your calculations with the weight of the shell the length of the distance where is the enemy is the enemy of above you or below you what is the wind all this type of stuff and you are the grunt so you have this thing called a field telephone i am sure you have seen them in the movies this person sitting there with the field telephone calling something what he is calling is his place in princeton new jersey with a bunch of women sitting there with calculating machines and these books are filled with tables like charles babage had filled with calculations and stuff like that and they are just calculating as fast as they can that the enem is this distance this height you know the wind is blowing this fast from this angle and you know how much gun p she use how the elevation windage fired a gun then they said there was binoculars you have seen this too binoculars and all of a sudden they see that the bullet hits like 250 ft to the west okay this is a problem it is a special problem because the enemy also has a big gun and since you just shot the enemy knows where you are and the enemy is not stupid the enemy starts moving their gun and if you are you start moving your gun and the wind is changing and the sun is going down and the birds are flying overhead and on your shell and all this stuff is happening okay all this stuff is changing and you are calling on all this information these women are cranking these things and howard akin said if i can create a fast calculating machine and program it with all these ordinance information then these guys can call this in gave me distance wind speed stuff and i can have the answer like that and they can fire it and they will hit hopefully and if they do not hit then a fraction of a 2nd i can give another calculation and they could try again and so he created the mark one howard aken was a commander in the united states navy and he was an electrical engineer and he was also a male shoven his pig and when he got all finished they said 0 great job howard now program it for ordinance say i can not do that cu i do not know anything about ordinance i am an electrical engineer i design a computer i have no idea what ordinance is so they sent down to to princeton new jersey and they brought up one of these people and they said could you program this computer with ordinance and this person is name was grace murray hopper and grace mary hopper when when howard ain heard the grace mary hopper was coming up he said i do not want a woman or my my team you know i am we are men we are in the navy i do not want a woman on my team unfortunately for howard he had to leave he was called away to another meeting and he was gone for about 2 weeks and in that 2 we period of time grace murray hopper came up taught herself how the computer worked taught herself how to program it programmed the computer and whipped howard akin is team into shape so much so that when howard ain came back he had to admit that grace murray hopper was more of a man than he was and so grace murray hopper is the 1st modern computer programmer going back to zeus again he tried again in 1945 another touring complete machine binary but because this was germany nobody was going to recognize his work and so he kind of faded into obscurity in 1946 the eniac was created at the university of pennsylvania in philadelphia in 1969 when i was a university students i was taught that the eniac was the 1st electronic digital computer why because at the end of world war ii winston churchill declared that all the colossus machines be destroyed all the bomber machines be destroyed he was afraid that if world war ii started up again and if the germans knew that they had broken the enigma code that the germans would have made a code that was unbreakable and because he did not want to take that chance he swore every single one of the 30000 people who worked on that project to secrecy forever well forever lasted until 1970 when the war when the war information was declassified and in 1970 people people started to find out about bletchley park and the work that was done there and one of the great stories about bletchley park was when they opened it up and people started to come there there was this old couple man and woman had been married ever since the end of world war ii and they were standing there looking at the park and and the guy says yeah that is where i used to work right over there and she said 0 really well that is where i used to work right over there they have been married for over 25 years and had never once mentioned to each other what they had done during the war so there were other machines electromechanical machines but they were not either stored program nor were they electronic and things went on now in june of 1948 in manchester england allen touring wented to create a small scale touring complete computer system called baby and they wanted to store the data in a cathod ray tube memory so in the cathod ray tube what you did was you could write with a with a beam and the phosphorus would start to glow and you go back and read it again with the glass with the phosphorus was glowing so the scan rate was going across it was kind of a serial direct access memory okay and if you wanted to erase memory you had to erase the whole vacuum tube so you had old cathod tube so you had to have some place to store the data while you erased the long term memory kind of crude and primitive but touring wrote another paper in 1948 about intelligent machinery he said what would happen if i could talk to a machine and the machine could answer back to me and i had no way of figuring out whether this is a machine or not would this be an intelligent machine no matter how i put it together no matter what it is made up of but if i can not tell that who i am talking to is a machine or not then that machine must be intelligent and there is a lot more to the paper but this became a measure of artificial intelligence which exists to the day and this is why watson in you know the ibm machine watson when it was playing against other players was so fascinating because in effect you could not tell that watson was not a human being now at the university of cambridge cambridge england in 1949 maurice wils who is actually a classmate of marie of alan toring they both graduated from king is college in the same year maurice wils was ahe of the edsac project and the edsac project was the 1st computer system that completed the touring model it did stor program it did all the calculations necessary to complete the touring model and it used mercury tubes to store the data so you had a long tube of mercury and you had a transducer in one end that created a pulse of sound the pulse of sound would travel up the tube mercury when it got up to the top there was a transducer that could figure out whether there is a pulse there or not if you wanted to do a non destructive read you had to duplicate that pulse electronically back at the bottom of the tube and it would travel up the tube again if you had 8 tubes you could have a bite of memory but once again there was a serial time that it took for that vibration to go through the tube and so was kind of a direct access but yet still cral access memory but it worked until the truck came by and vibrated everything now 1950 tring wrote another paper and this time it was published in machinery intelligence a magazine mind magazine and this was the formalization of the touring test of intelligence and he described a state machine very clearly in this message now again the people who did some of the 1st programming of these machines because these machines were done during wartime and most of these machines were aimed at some some aspect of of war whether it be decoding messages doing ballistics or calculations of different types these women these people are mostly women not all of them but a lot of them were women a lot of them in the military and up until this time these machines had names like electromechanical numerical calculator or something like that but these women had an official designation in a navy wave category because what they did was they calculated ballistics they computed ballistics their official term in the us navy was computers and after this after a while the the machine took on the name of the person and that is why we call them computers now about this time people started to say maybe we can take and develop companies out of this ibm had been in the industry for a very long time using tabulating machines with cards hollerith cards made with herman made by herman hollerith helping with a 1890 census of the united states but ibm decided they were going to step in and start making some of these new fango things called computers famously tom watson the head of ibm figured we would only need 5 computers in the world because that is all we would need to do all the computing necessary for humankind i am kind of glad he was wrong burrow another company unifax barry all of these companies a lot of them do not exist anymore today or some of them exist but they have gone off into different areas and finally the company that i worked for digital equipment corporation now i would also like to take some time to point out a myth a lot of people think that back in these days computer vendors like digital like ibm created different operating systems to lock their customers in that you would write your program for the operating system and we would make our operating system different from a a competitor is operating system so you be forced to use our computer believe me folks i was there that conversation never came up because you got to remember that these computer systems typically had memories of 4000 12 bit words of memory the 1st computer i ever worked on had only 46 bit words of memory there was not any room for an operating system okay i wrote my program and i linked the device drivers into my program and i boo ed my program to run inside the machine and one program at a time ran inside that machine okay it and know in that time frame ibm main frames would have a quarter of a megabyte of memory and the operating systems there were very simple and we created operating systems to allow our customers to use the machine more efficiently that is why we had it so at one time we created as machine called the pdp one it had a 65 k address space it was a mini computer we had 11 different operating systems on that machine one operating system was rt 11 it did realtime work another operating system was rsx one it did soft real time and time sharing work another system was rs rs rsts a a time sharing system used for education its main programming language basic plus we had unix systems 2 or 3 different types of unix systems system 3 system 5 berkeley on this if we were trying to lock people we had 11 different operating systems on the pdp 11 architecture if we wanted to simply lock people in we could have done it with one and we would have saved a lot of money than having the 11 but we were trying to create interfaces to allow people to run batch jobs or time sharing or real time and do it efficiently this was also the time where there were no computer science degrees if you were doing computer science it is because you were a physicist or because you were electrical engineer or because you were weather forecaster or because you were a chemist you had a real job of doing that work and you wrote programs to solve your own problems i had a professor of mine in 1969 turn to me and say john you are never going to ever make a a living as a professional programmer and i am still trying to find out if he was right okay you know is only later on that the concept of professional programmer somebody who wrote programs for somebody else came about and in 1969 i was i was a college student i could not afford $100000 for compiler and so i joined this organization called deas and we will hear more about deas in a couple minutes also in 1969 in new jersey there was a guy named ken thompson ken thompson was a researcher he was assigned to a project called multics it was a group project of the telephone company mit general electric and a bunch of other people trying to design an operating system that would be the be all end all operating system for everybody unfortunately at that time the telephone company was being inspected by the government and said we think you are a monopoly and being a monopoly and being a telephone company you can not be involved with computers because obviously computers have nothing to do with telepan so they pulled ken thompson back from this project k went back to the labs in new jersey he was disappointed because he loved working on comp computer systems he found this castoff computer system in the hallway called a pdp 7 and he joined with a few other people to write this tiny little operating system that was going to be one thing for one person unix and ken thompson and dennis richie wrote the 1st unix system let me describe how that was done because the pp 7 had a memory it was too small to fit much in so they had to go to another computer system and write the assembly language for the pdp 7 and have a cross assembler punch it onto paper tape and bring it over to the pdp 7 and load it in and watch it fail then go back to the original computer type in some more machine language punch out the tape bring it over to pp 7 and put it in and watch it fail okay fortunately ken and dennis are really good programers so watching it fail does happen too often until they had something that would actually run and this started to gain the attention of other people in bell s now they need the the pp 7 was running out of steam so they needed another computer system but unlike the pdp 7 that was cast off in the hallway nobody was using it the pdp 11 cost $150000 which they did not have to do this so they went to the one place in c of bell laboratories that had all the money in the world and never had to justify anything to anybody can anybody figure out what that what that place is we are in bell labs had all the money in the world what military no this belill laboratories research division not banking but you are getting close ce no no the ceo did not have any money what you are getting really really close the legal apartment this is bell laboratories and they were writing all these patents stuff and filing this patents and stuff like that this is how a you know bell labs made a lot of money was by developing things and then patenting it then licensing these patents out the people and the patent department had money okay and ken thompson and dennis richie convinced the lawyers that they would write a computer system for them so they could type in their legal briefs and for form at them and print them out and they would look beautiful now i want to i want to remind you that this is being done with not a full screen editor not a line editor but a dot editor ed it is also being done with enro and tr imagine a lawyer sitting there typing in their legal breeds formatting it with nr and tr no that is why we developed some really intelligent people called legal secretaries and then they would actually do the formatting and stuff it is also one of the reasons why unix is so character oriented with its with its pipes and filters by the way the person who invented pipes and filters was a man named douglas maoy dennis was the head of bell laboratories the the department that hired ken thompson and dennis richie ken dennis yeah doug is also credited with coming up with the concept of macros so he is a very intelligent guy they took their program that was written in assembly language to the pdp 7 and they rewrote it into assembly language for the pdp one so this is the 2nd time they have written a kernel in assembly language and then after that then says this is too much work i am going to create this language called c and we are going to rewrite the kernel on that so they rewrote the kernel again in c and he said thank god we are finished with that no it did did not help them because then they were moving from the pdp one to an inata 832 and they found out that there is huge architectural differences so they rewrote the kernel again by separating the device independent parts of the kernel from the device dependent parts of the kernel and the more different places they pointed it the the better and better they got at separating the parts of the kernel that were device independent like scheduling memory management things like that from the parts that were devic in dependent bus structure iio types of things like that and they kept doing this and doing this also in 1969 the arpanet was created the thing which we now call the internet the arpanet was created but nobody believed at that time we would have all these computer systems tied together multi 1000000000s of them that is why the address space for the ar arpanet was only 15 bits because we figured you know just like tom watson said we only need 5 computers in the world arpanet says hey we only need to hook together about you know 124 systems wrong also in 1969 i was a university student i started to tell you about that and the cost of software was really high there was no shrink wrap software there were no computer stores if there had been a computer store you need an 18 wheel tractor trailer truck to haul your computer home you need 3 phase electrical power to plug your computer in you need a 20 ton air conditioner to cool it off and n of the computers were really the same a company would design a computer they might produce a 100 of them or a 1000 of them but it was not enough to to sustain a binary only distribution a compiler might cost you $100000 a copy that is a lot of money is not it but if your computer system cost you $2500000 and this compiler is going to make your programs run 10% faster that is like saving $250000 so a $100000 computer is a compiler is a good deal and when you ordered the compiler the magnetic tape showed up with a compiler on it with a source code of the compiler on it but you also got an engineer and he spent about a week there getting his compiler to work on your computer system and feed data in you know programs in and watch the output come out and say yep it is working properly and then he would leave that is how we did software back in those days but i was a computer i was i was a student i could afford $100000 for a computer so i joined this organization called deas the digital equipment corporation us the society there was another one for ibm called share there is another one for noville called brainstorm but they all made up of the same type of people end users who are trying to write software to do their own job and after they got the software written they said what am i going to do with it am i going to sell it well let me tell you something selling hard selling software is hard work you know people expect documentation people expect you are going to be fixing bugs people expect you are going to be able to advertise it distribute it things like that there is all this stuff and these people were not in the business of writing software they were physicists and chemists so they took their software and they contri uted it to the deus library now i was a student i had to pay $15 for the paper catalog of all these programs and then when i got the paper catalog i looked into it the text editor was $5 now $5 does not sound like much today but $5 back in 1969 would buy you 10 pictures of beer you know and i had a choice text editor or 10 pictures of beer i think you can see what direction i would go but this was free software as a matter of fact software copyrights did not apply to software at that time the software copyrights did not apply to software until about 1986 nor did patents you could not patent software so i would go to the school store i would buy new paper tape i would stick it through my asr 33 teletype there it is right there there is the paper tape reader punch and i would make copies of my text editor and i would sell it to my my roommates for a dollar a copy and by the time i sold 10 copies i not only had paid for the text editor paid for the new tape but i had my 10 pictures of beer this is the service of creating software now an assembler was $15 that was a real money maker for me and this is you know these people wrote the software i contributed it to deas for the same reason people write free software today these people would go to deas and and or people contact them and say hey great piece of software i made some changes to it would you like the change this sure and now you had 2 people working on your software you would go to a deas meeting and somebody walk up to you and say great piece of software let me buy you a beer or let me buy you dinner or would you like a job and these are all the reasons why people write free software today so you see free software is not something new it is not something that happened we go of richard stallman we will get to richard in a moment the pdp 11 had these textual base commands sort off greed it is all because those lawyers still were trying to do the legal briefs and the unix escaped it went to universities large government laboratories stuff like that and then finally commercial commercial companies like digital equipment corporation sun started to make binary only copies of unix why binary only copies because at amp t licensed a source code of unix for $160000 per machine and you had to give them the the serial number of the computer system you are putting it on and people say well wait a minute unix was free right no it was not they licensed it freely to universities a university could get a sitewide license for $350 and put on as many machines as they wanted to but those were research universities columbia berkeley you know mit those type of universities i belong to harford state technical college when i wanted to get a copy of unix they told me it is $160000 per copy and so these companies who wanted to distribute unix they said if we distribute binaries only copies can we get it at much lower cost and at amp t said sure and so that is the reason they were creating the binary only copies and yes to protect their investment their intellectual property but it was mostly to get around the at amp licensing cuz we had other ways of protecting intellectual copy property we did contracts contract law things like that that was perfectly good for protecting the intellectual property now unix had lots of features very new to various systems but they were gathering these features from all over putting them in time sharing multiprocessing there were other systems starting to come out little computer systems like the atari the kim one commodor they were using some operating systems like cpm very simple executive type of system cpm was for the myips alair machine it had an s 100 bus it could do 18 and 16 bit computers the z 80 was a very famous one 64 k memory space use 7 bit asy what is great about 7 bit asky you really can only do english with it and any other language like german or spanish or anything like that you really need 8 bit asy and so you know i can remember engineers in the united states not even understanding the problem because they were only they only knew english and they never tried to write any type of foreign language with that the berkeley unix when it came out from berkeley only supported 7 bit asky now back in those days your storage for these microcomputers were analog cassette tapes this cassette set tapes would would capture tones like a modem would make store those tones on the tape and when you wanted to play it back you play the tones back feed it through the modem again and create the digital ones and zeros to go in it was primitive but it was great now about 1976 and 1977 this company called apple started up you may have heard of them and about the same time ibm decided it wanted to have a personal computer and so with charlie chaplain at about $220000 you could have this personal computer sitting on your desk that would have all of maybe 16000 bytes of memory and use 5 and a 4 inch floppy disks to store your data but these things were mostly for professional use people did not play games on them you would not play games on your $220000 computer okay it was much too useful for that and about the same time people said hey the software is just too expensive but maybe if we can mass produce the hardware we can also mass produce the software and i remember going into the 1st computer store there was apple 2s there was ibm pcs and there were 3 boxes of software on the shelf now you did not need the operating system that came with the system but if you wanted a text editor it was word star if you wanted a spreadsheet it was supercal and then you needed a little modem program to hook your system up to get to access a bulletin board to copy down other programs for your system those 3 boxes of software in 1981 sun microsystems and digital were starting to bring out some of their and ibm and hula packers starting to bring out these unix systems and there were basically 2 flavors at amp t unix the right one from at amp t and bsd unix now at amp t unix did not have really good networking it was a swapping type of operating system it did it used dial up storing forward systems called uucp unix to unix copy to do its networking berkeley unix was definitely the superior unix system of the time so a lot of people bought their license from at amp t for got their software for the university of california berkeley in 1984 there was a college student at mi who was used to getting his the software for unix in source code for he liked looking at unix he liked seeing how it worked he liked being able to write little device drivers of things and now he was getting binary only code and this infuriated him so richard stalman started the project which became known as gnu for new is not unix it was a project that was going to create a complete operating system available in source code for he started off with something called emac now this was actually a brilliant thing because if he started trying to write the kel he would have ended up finished writing the kernel but he would have nothing to run on the kernel it would be useless instead he started writing programs that were portable across a wide variety of different systems and the 1st one was a sophist text editor called emac a lot of people think he could have stopped with emac because emac is like an operating system but he continued on he ran he he created things like suites of compilers c compiler fortran pascal the g compiler suite he created utilities he created lots and lots of stuff the the computer stores started up even more but there comes this time we have to balance the technology of the capability versus the cost the speed of the cpu versus all of the other things that go with it and also the network capability and all of these things kept pushing people on to more and more complex systems let us talk about standards for a 2nd i was in a hotel room one time in korea i am in the shower i am naked i know too much information i am staying there and the water is extremely hot my hands are all soaked up and i am reaching for the valves and they are so smooth i can not turn them off and i am being burned and i am going 0 my goodness why can not this hotel just go down to the hardware store get a new set of knobs with some knobby neurals on them so i can grab them it would be easy to replace them because there is a standard for the pipe fittings but then i thought what if apple had designed that hotel well you could not replace the handles because that the handles would have been a proprietary standard you have to replace the pipes in the handles but you can not replace the pipes cuz the fittings going to the sewer system is proprietary you have to replace all the piping all the way out to the street so standards are good ken olen the president of my company once said the standards are an interesting as a russian truck what he meant was he hated the process of creating standards because it was nitpicky type of work he hated doing it but once the standard was created was created as an engineer he wanted to create something that was faster better more scalable lower cost more sustainable more creative but standards were something you innovated above and below do changing them without consensus 16% of all computing is is is scientific and engineering computing 84% of all computing is commercial 500% of all computing is commercial software consumer software standards the best technology does not always win if you remember sony betamax it was better but vhs won because it was marketed better marketing good marketing well often trump good technology sony walkman we were used to having audio in one place the sony walkman allowed us to carry our audio with us it was revolutionary but sony lost to the clones that came out likewise a lot of companies that had started in computer systems have been lost because of marketing pressures i am running out of time folks but if i want to leave you with one thought tonight it is that a lot of computer history happened here and is still happening here the the university of cambridge has developed the raspberry pi the university of cambridge worked on zen arm is located here in in london or cambridge there is a lot of stuff that is happening here and i know that there is a lot of of effort of people saying what can we do to make europe and england centers of technology again my feeling is it never stopped and all you have to do is look around take pride in what you have done and what you are doing and what you will do thank you very much i do have a prize alen touring liked to play the game monopoly and allan turing changed the monopoly board to meet his needs allan touring is board was lost for a long time but they found it in the in the attic of a building and it was contributed to bletchley park bletchley park worked with monopoly company and google to create a special uring package of monopoly i am going to give this away tonight to the 1st person who can tell me the name of the 1st programmer you got it thank you very much ladies and gentlemen thank you so much mad dog for graciously stepping in after chris hman could not make it so thank you very much round of applause

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xn_GWoL7zvU

everybody welcome um happy new year happy new year to everyone we got a new a brand new fiscal year beginning and um and we have a new member um patricia devine and i want to thank her she's down there in the lower left-hand corner how are you doing i'm well thank you and yourself good um maybe we just start with uh how we would normally start for at the round table or the big u um we talked a little bit about us uh just a quick little snip about ourselves um regarding um regarding us in the town of waitley i'll start um i've been in i've been here in whiteley since 1983. uh i live up on weber road uh raised the family here uh most of them are gone but they tend to come back a lot because i'm a good cook and that's a good thing um and i've been on the finance committee um for a number of years now um and um it's an it's it's an interesting process uh from start to finish and it never gets old well it does get old but we kind of forget about it and we all come come come back so it's a good thing okay so let's go around let's go around the horn uh dan yeah dan kennedy lived in wavy all my life been on the finance all my life capital planning also and the municipal building committee i enjoy it so i'll keep working tommy tom maher i live on poplar hill road in west waitley been here 42 years i guess been on the finance committee on and off for most of the 42 years uh i kind of like to know how my tax dollars get spent uh that's about it okay fred uh fred barron i live on north street i've lived in town since lost cat 2013 been on the finance code i think this is my fourth or fifth year don't remember how many budgets i've done now uh i was on the planning board before this and that's about it right jim i'm jim kirkendall i live on haydenville road i've been in waitley since about 91 and i've been on the finance committee for about five years as on served on the housing committee for a number of years prior that's about it want to go back on the housing for sure no thank you hi there um actually i go by patty um i've been here i've lived in weightless since 94. i spent 10 or 12 years on the conservation commission and i'm now there when they have some engineering stuff that comes up i i go on to you know they send me the plans and i look at them and i check them out um and i've also spent a really brief moment on the planning board but you know and i live on five and ten and that's my cat you hear in the background i can hear well amy hi i'm amy schrader i'm the administrative assistant and assistant town clerk um i've been a weightly resident for six years bob patty and i have known each other for probably 35 years so we probably don't really need to explain to each other well we'd like to know you a little better though really well maybe not sorry i think i've lived in town 31 years but i don't know how long i've been on the finance committee i think maybe 15 years it seems like 100 sometimes sometimes it does okay um and patty and we all know brian um we do well okay where does brian live for brian where for sandy lane what if you win i don't know i know that's not true that place is not open [Music] no it's true the lights are on people park cars there but it's not open yeah well um patricia again uh you know welcome everybody to a new year and um it's going to be uh it's going to be interesting um so we turn this over so let's start um with uh with the agenda and has everyone had the opportunity to read the minutes from june 11th of 2020. um if i i would assume yes and we will take uh do i have a motion you have a motion to approve the minutes i'll second it all those in favor let's go one by one um yes yes tommy yes fred yes jim yes bob yes patricia yep okay it passes unanimously okay um right now we're going to talk about a little bit about trends in the uh town revenue situation and the impact of kovan 19 on those trends uh and for that to lead that discussion is brian domino brian thanks so this will look familiar i'm going to share this oh i bob you can see the screen though right yeah all right in the cast oh my god look how small it is good did a nice job on this all right so deeper we have seen this before well with it's updated but we have seen this before um i mean generally speaking i mean the last full fiscal year is fy20 um and fy20 so kobe came in the last third of the year um so just keep that in mind when we're looking at these types of things um obviously we're in the we're in the the middle to later half of fiscal year 21 and we're going outside we can look at some of the at the revenues there but uh but we'll focus on this now um so just a reminder these are the uh four main sources of revenue local tax levy state aid the largest being chapter 70 um and unrestricted general government aid uh local receipts and then there's a catch-all category of all other um those are our main sources of revenue so um 21 this is our anticipated revenue by source no surprise to anybody here tax levy is the largest source of revenue for the town state aid local receipts and then all other this has been pretty consistent and um it's really the structure that's set up unless the state's going to give us more money which doesn't look like they're going to anytime soon so it's going to continue to be the tax levy um so tax levy um 2021 it was 0.73 lower than the previous year um you recall we had um multiple virtual meetings and one of the goals of the finance committee was to try to level fund everything and keep it as low as we could we had help from from the school districts by i think they both level funded um although it didn't frontier didn't necessarily relate uh translate to a level assessment for us but they level funded their general their their overall expenses um but some things happened with the formula we paid a little bit but elementary school is level um so that's where we ended up for the tax levy this is this is a local tax levy access levy capacity because we kept spending down we have increased our excess levy capacity some more um so now it's uh 1.1 million in terms of excess levy capacity and again that means that we can generate that amount of taxes that one override doesn't mean that we want to but it means that we could um so you see that that's a big over the past 10 years from from 2012 to uh 21 it's a significant growth in our access levy capacity absolutely and we're really the anomaly in in the good sense of our neighbors um some other a lot of our surrounding towns are up against um their levy limits and uh weight was in a good spot but it may affect us indirectly in terms of any of our regional services if you know if um let's say let's just use frontier as an example if if frontier wants to implement the program but one of our you know neighboring towns can't afford it they're going to argue that against it um and whether that's whether that's good or not um if we're going to be selfish for for weekly students um but it's just something to keep in mind it's not something that we really have control over in terms of levy capacity obviously but we all we all remember when that was not the situation very very well and we were under um let's put it that way from our neighbors and um and we had to uh we had to pony up despite not having this kind of picture when they tried to when we tried to get up they pushed us back down well my memory isn't so long so i'm glad you have that memory yes so it's a nice picture you're gloating a little bit i am too because we can um so this is our tax rate it dropped from 1567 to 1492. just a couple things on this um you know one of the drivers behind this was when we do when we do projections each year when i do projections each year we assume that there's going to be a approximately a four million dollar growth in total assessed value this year there was a 12 million growth in total value wow what does that mean it means that well so let's talk about where that comes from um a lot of that came from um revaluing existing properties so it doesn't necessarily mean that that that it got more affordable if you know what i mean it's better to really look at the average single family tax bill which we'll look at in a second um and some of this is around some of this is from new growth you know there's around um fy21 we had just over 90 000 um in certified new growth so that's growth that comes from is that from building permits um pretty good yeah it's pretty good um we usually estimate around 60 so uh we beat that this year and we beat it the entire year right when you say when you say it's up to 12 uh the valuations are up is that for fy21 or into 22 that's just that's for 21. okay yeah the values for 22 won't be set till next october which is it's not ideal because you know we're well we we know we're setting budgets and we don't know what what these values are going to do but um so it it went down but um we'll look at single family tax uh single family tax average single family tax bills in a second but um this is so tax rates for surrounding communities um for some reason conway's conway doesn't have any daba i don't know if they don't collect taxes or if dls didn't didn't put it up i assume they didn't put it up or they haven't set their tax rate yet which would be unlikely but it's possible um so that's just where we stand in comparison to our neighbors i don't know how anybody can afford to live in williamsburg but um well yeah and then just keep in mind in deerfield this is the so the effective tax rate in deerfield you actually need to add i have my zoom screen covering this you actually need to add a dollar ten for the water district tax and then a dollar three for the fire district tax and then would have um but if you're in old deal for the fire district you're only adding 48 cents but you're adding pretty much two dollars to whatever the rate is whatever the town rate is so yeah that's the effective tax rate there um so after average single family tax bill um so it dropped a little bit uh not significantly but it dropped a little bit um so this is every single family tax bill with compared to surrounding communities um you know i think we're kind of right in the middle again conway doesn't have any data this year um but this is my comment about williamsburg with the almost five thousand nine hundred dollars yeah um yeah so um total state aid for 2021 this number is pretty much said it's um it's less than the prior two years um quite a bit left yeah um unrestricted general government aid and then also chapter 70. so as as part of the administration's promise to municipalities they promised that they were going to level fund unrestricted general government aid and chapter 78 which they did um from 20 to 21 so so it's the same for 2021. um which is good i mean they were seeing declining revenues and and we appreciate that but in prior years it it has as you can see it has steadily increased um but it did not happen 2021 yes slow rise um so school choice tuition so this is school choice receiving is the yellow school choice sending is the gray so this has been a winning proposition for weightly for a while now this is really one thing we need to pay attention to heading into 22. if you look at 21 the numbers for 21 that is significantly less than what we usually get and as you know school choice the way that the the elementary school has been spending school choices it funds a portion of the school operations right and the only other place really where that where that money's going to be made up is it's going to be shifted to the town assessment um so a lot of the pandemic infected a lot of things um and really school choice is one of them in and we're not we don't really know if that's going to come back or not um have the schools giving you any insight into this in terms of numbers uh projections for 22 yeah um no i haven't had in-depth conversation with them about the elementary school yet um but we have talked about well actually we have talked about this a little bit but not specific numbers um the other two programs and we'll just talk about it now because it's because we're on the topic of education in the elementary school the two other areas where schools took a hit was the school lunch program um the some will call it a requirement and it probably was a requirement schools still provided free lunches um throughout the pandemic and so so that revenue from school lunch helps offset staffing costs typically um and there wasn't that revenue but they had the staffing costs so the the revolving fund for the school lunch took a hit um and then the other one is pre-k you know the elementary school has a pre-k program and so the school district's required to provide pre-k for for kids who have needs for for kids who have special needs um but they fill the rest they fill the rest of those seats the rest of that program is with tuition paying students and typically tuition paying students will will cover the cost and more of that staffing but the numbers for pre-k were down significantly so there's there's three revenue sources that we just need to be mindful of and have discussions with the with the school district when they where you where do you think it'll go which which one any of them i mean i assume the school lunch will will catch up um because i assume kids will be i hope kids will be back in the classroom um and pre-k i i i hope pre-k will will resume um school choice it's i don't know that's a tough one um i think there's been an increase in people who have decided to homeschool children um so that takes them out of the district altogether i don't know if people who are willing to school choice or chill school choice their children are willing to you know are those the same people who are who are homeschooling and that's why we're seeing a decrease well i wonder if that's a county uh wide phenom too not just union 38. yeah yeah so just do you know if our pre-k um is in session is that um i believe they are is that happening i i'll double check for you but i believe they are okay but it's probably only weightly kids that are going there so the town is carrying the brunt of the expenses instead of in the past we had kids paying to come here yeah well i mean i'm hoping that and i mean i'm i guess that's probably the way it turned out uh but i kind of scratched my head and thinking that if pre-k went virtual i mean there's there's no point in that no you know that that right children of that age just don't have the capacity to go on and you know learn anything through the internet so that's why i kind of questioned that um so it'd be good if we understood that i guess you know yeah okay yep um charter school reimbursement versus sending this has always been a losing proposition for us um we don't get much we do our reimbursements very small charter school sending obviously depends on kids that are going on a district to charter schools um but that's what it was in 21 and what's the per oh it depends on whatever the accepting um school charges or is it a flat rate again i don't think it's a flat rate like school choice no so what do we figure it's costing us per student um i don't know exactly i'd have to i don't know doesn't have to do with what we're paying per student isn't there like a formula that whatever we're paying it's near that i'd have to go back and look that up um okay draw the school and we don't have any say over if kids go to charter or not so right we're kind of at the mercy of the parents so to speak yeah gotcha um local receipts these are actual so 2020 was 612 513 um that was about what you know we anticipated it would be um local receipts by source so this is just looking at local receipts um our biggest uh our biggest revenue generators motor vehicle excise tax um you should have got your exercise tax bills recently um this generates the the largest amount for uh of local receipts everything else is pales in comparison to that but uh that's how it breaks down and then all others is the catch-all category of revenue which fluctuates uh i don't know if there's any wait a minute yeah i mean i don't think there's any meaningful conclusions to drop from that but um so expenses hey wait can you go back to that last slide just in case um they should have why was all other at 1.5 million in 2018 just uh in case that you may not have that answer but downstream that may be something that that's the cell phone cell tower wasn't it sale of the cell tower um i don't know no this was um this was so the way that the the the way that the accounting worked on the the town hall rehabilitation project um taking money out of accounts out of the accounts that it was in it some of it was in the cell tower account and then some of it was um where else would it take it from employees cpa cpa and um the borrowing that we did it shows up as revenue when it comes out of those accounts um so that's it's really just an a function of the accounting system okay fine it's not like we got 1.5 million in just one year you know hit it in the walls here right right yeah right i'll never tell you where um so i'll move on to expenditures this is expenditures by source um education like well we all know this education is our largest budget um we cracked 3 million last year in expenses so congratulations yes working hard at it yeah um so those are the those are the things so let's look let's talk about this so education is i can't what's it 58 56 yeah so how does that compare to other towns in the county would you are we below above the same um i have the percentage of our budget a direct comparison but i i suspect everybody's around the same i don't think i don't think it's any less than 50 in in most municipalities i would be shocked if it was and if it was would probably mean that some other category was exceptionally over funded well it might be education might be exceptionally overfunded by him that's why i'm asking why how's it compared to what going on it would be good to take a look at that at some point yeah i'm sure we could pull that off i'm sure destiny would probably we could probably pull it off the desi website i would imagine what's under fixed costs health insurance health insurance retirement are the two biggest okay good news on health insurance okay um so this is just total expenditures um just fluctuates but we're right around where we were for the past four five years four years um this is total expenditures of our neighboring communities we is the lowest in terms of our total expenditures per year so this is total education expenditures i should have done a slide right here and compared our neighboring communities with total education expenditures um maybe next year so we cracked the three million mark with total education expenditures um so this includes operating budget and any other expenses but it continues to go up this just again highlights the gap um between what we receive for this is just for the elementary school what we receive in chapter 78 and what it actually takes to operate to school um again it would take a change at this at the state level to to change this and right not gonna happen not this year um so total fixed costs again the biggest ones are are health well the biggest one is health insurance and then the second one is retirement um that's what we paid in 2020. um 2020 the increase was i think due to uh mostly due to increases in retirement um health insurance was was a level because we made plan changes for the the hampshire county group which insurance trust made plan changes and they were able to hold premiums low they're not planning on any premium increases uh for 21. claims were this might be good or bad um claims were down in for the past year um so it's good in a sense that premiums are going to remain lower but it won't be good if claims are low because people deferred procedures that are now going to be more expensive procedures and we're going to pay for the more expensive procedures in in future years um so that's really yet to be seen but as as people become more comfortable um you know become more comfortable doing the preventative care and stuff like that we may see an increase in claims or more expensive claims but that's yet to be seen obviously total debt service payments um so in 21 we paid the last payment on the fire truck 2022 the 43 147 are release purchase agreements for an excavator wood chipper that was approved at annual town meeting um and if you recall last year we actually took the 80 000 out of the out of the operating budget for the debt service um and that that was one of the things that also helped us keep the the tax levy lower um but that's totally paid off now and then we obviously have we're talking just about the general fund we have uh we sell remaining debt for the uh and we'll talk about this when we do the capital stuff but for the town hall um and then the enterprise month has some for the manganese filtration system um so takeaways from all this um so we're going to see an increase in in our retirement assessment 4.21 we're not anticipating any increases in group health insurance so education um frontier we're expecting a 6.53 decrease in our assessment and we're expecting a 13.56 decrease in the franklin tech budget which are good news for us from a financial standpoint um so frontier has you recall two two town meetings ago two annual town meetings ago um all four towns approved a um capital bond for frontier and they still haven't um they still haven't uh went out have they gone out yet we're not going to see a payment in fy 22 essentially is what i'm saying um but that that debt authorization is still there and we're still obligated to pay those that capital assessment part of that was the uh was the track right and and isn't that ongoing right now aren't they doing repairs to that track didn't they have to shut it down well no i i saw something the other day on forgot what what side it was but they were talking about taking a look at i'm pretty sure they had to start over they had a problem huh jesus i think that's a question for darius yeah as far as i know i thought i thought they were they were still going forward with it but they started it and then they had a problem and i but i don't know what it was yeah um so but be another our the list grows for topics for our you know friends of the school district um we talked about the decrease in school choice revenue we need to keep an eye on that and then i mentioned the school launch in pre-k how much how much is a big hit of the school lunch program um i don't know exactly um i don't know exactly what the account is at now um i think it's going to be ten thousand if i have to guess i'm not a big promoter of spending money in the school but i think the school lunch program is something that we should really look at to pay for yeah just because of where society is right now yeah i mean i don't i'm not a big spender but i think that's something that if we have to eat something like that we should eat it and figure out how yeah agreed you know i don't want some kid coming not being able to eat or the person saying well you already have one i mean i don't i i don't think that's right especially in this environment right now well based on everything we've seen as to the status of uh of our economy it's something that we could certainly absorb yeah right now yeah so i talked about we just talked about that so here's another big one uh police reform costs we all know last last summer right last fall last summer there was uh police reform legislation that passed right at the state level and not much has happened other than that the law got passed and then everybody went on and did something else um i mean there's so the deadline for for for a bunch of these a bunch of these uh changes is supposed to be july 1st but not a lot has been done um the biggest thing is officer training it's called the post standards but i i forget what they stand for um and then there's there's there's still questions whether whether uh there's going to be uh department accreditation um in different standards related to police technology uh facial recognition software which we don't have we have body cameras or maybe new standards for body cameras um and we're going to incur some costs there um there was an argument made that it was unfunded mandate and the state said well we haven't said anything yet so we're not going to decide if it's an unfunded mandate yet um so they're kicking the can down the road um in terms of officer training um we could have officer training costs that are going to come in fy 22. um so i we have no idea um really what these costs are going to be it's at this point it's really anybody's guess i mean we're a small department um and we rely on part-time officers if we need to train if we do additional training or significantly more additional training for part-time officers it's going to be a big expense um if we have to go through and meet department accreditation standards um that'll be a cost as well um you know some you know some of the some of the larger cities or or even smaller cities have have their department certified already it's something they've already done and it's something that they've had the resources to do you know but it's just really a big unknown right now well we regionalized ambulance we probably should start thinking about regionalizing police not a bad idea nope um and then one thing that we always that that we've done for many fiscal years is we continue to spend free cash to reduce the tax levy again that's one-time revenue that's being used offset operating costs right um you know it's something that if we can get away from it's probably probably better because if that one-time revenue something we should get away from gradually in my opinion if that if that dries up um there's not there's not going to be a huge shift of a huge shift to the tax levy so what do we do with the balance i mean just there's 600 000 in there this year if we use 150 of it you got 450 000 you got to do something with that's over taxation when you have money like that uh not necessarily because we low ball a lot of numbers new growth a lot of it so that's a lot of money for a small town to absolutely i mean if it was 180 000 you'd say okay we're doing a pretty good job but six hundred thousand you know i don't want to run into a situation like conway did you had a million and a half and just gave it all away yeah we're not gonna do that not as long as i'm on this committee we're not getting taxpayer money it belongs to them absolutely um but you know with that in mind and with brian's thoughts about trying to wean um the town away from this uh influx of free cash or over taxation however you want to look at it you know what is a reasonable approach to doing that um and how do you do that i'm i don't think we have faced that before um i remember facing the fact that we didn't have much in there and trying to build none build it up and i and you know obviously we've been successful there uh now how how do we you know um break ourselves away from that um brian you got any thoughts on that yeah i mean we usually use we include this to kind of well it reduces it reduces the tax levy right and the committee's always looked at the tax rate um so we can play with those numbers and say okay if we put 200 once once it's all said and done or close to all said and done in terms of budgeting we could say okay if we just put 175 000 and let's put uh 25 000 in stabilization or capital stabilization or something like that um what does that do for the tax levy and in the tax rate and is that something that we want to do um but i i mean i'm i'm a proponent of saving while it's sunny out and it's yep partly cloudy right now um but it's gonna rain someday and yeah it's it's good to have you know money in our stabilization accounts well we know we know it's going to rain in the school fund with the school choice we're already talking about looking at that as a problem you're right fred that could be the spot okay um so revenue um someday we might get taxes from retail marijuana yeah someday one day we may um i i i've had a phone call from an electrician who was pulling a permit in the in the uh the what's what was it called deals and steels building yeah the red building um my conversations with uh with the company representatives is that they're still moving forward with that um is it still the same company that that started this all you know three years ago i don't know yeah oh it is so okay yeah it's a parent company and they create all these little llc's so when something happens they just fold up and go but toro verde llc 3 massachusetts something like that um so hopefully they'll open up it during fy22 but we'll see um we're also keeping an eye on the additional federal stimulus that's working its way going back to marijuana is there any potential money from the growing side if somebody can figure out how to open up um so maybe um targeted one of the so there's a push right now from the industry side saying that community impact fees um there's no impact to communities and they shouldn't have to pay this money uh that could so if that's changed at a state level what's that what a great idea so if that's changed at the state level that money is going to dry out um that money which we never have gotten yep that that hope money that we're hoping for would never come um there's also an argument that it needs to be um spent on expenses that are reasonably related to the impacts of the facility on the community uh what a generic term that is yeah it's like it's like you know it's it's like the it's like the takings uh jurisprudence you know rough proportionality and essential nexus and it's a it's a mess so we know that so we know that the lasalle property is going to be heading down that road in the future so um god knows how that's going to shake out um the hikoski property um are those people in there now are they operational no that project it fell on its face that project yeah they went to hatfield and actually now they're back proposing um they're gonna start proposing a cultivation facility on the property immediately south of the waitley diner oh yeah wow get your boat out yeah mackerel i guess you see a big sign going up right there right on 91 right off the highway yeah but that's everything smoke them if you got them nice wow so that's cultivation cultivation facility um another retail permit another retail special permit was issued by the zba and um what is formally or currently one call does it all oh yeah um but there were some um legal problems there that's a good way to put it there were some legal problems and we don't know how that's going to shake out so oh yeah that's right i remember hearing about that now yeah so connecticut so there's a difference between between retail because with retail we we get a three percent tax and there's no restrictions on the tax revenue that we get um and that's how that's why it's different from a community impact fee so tax money is is uh not free money but it's money that can be spent on anything so it can have us offset operating costs and whatever else uh the community impact fee is really more limited and we may never see one it's it's hard to say yeah okay let's not hold our breath on that okay um so additional federal stimulus um it's probably it's looking like it's going to go through um we've seen estimates about of of our town receiving you know 200 to 300 thousand dollars um it's gonna depend on what it can be used for as to really how useful it's going to be the current money we have the cares act um it's it's restricted in what we can spend it on um it needs to be you know necessary in response to covid uh it needs to be unbudgeted um you know it's pretty much paid for um our ppe and our um by a sign or something with it uh that was a different grant we were able to get okay um but what that was through it was corona supplemental funding program um so that was a separate grant we were able to get um we've used a lot on upgrading ventilation uh in our public buildings at the school um and for for ppe um but so if they allow us to use it for just um lost revenue revenue replacement or just to generally spend it how we want um it'll be a lot it it'll be much more useful you know if we have to buy a thousand dollars of masks it's not going to be very useful to us um but we'll see um and then just a general concern about about future growth um a lot of the recent new growth has been residential um so pine think pine plains estates um dickinson hill road um and i know the industrial park isn't isn't residential but um that's really where a lot of the growth has come from and some of these places are nearly full so i mean five years from now 10 years from now we got i think it would be good to start thinking about where that's going to come from um that's obviously not a question we could answer tonight but um and then um the select board um we've at least kicked around the idea of looking at what if any opportunities exist around exit 24 um in terms of commercial yankee candle is one of the biggest tourist destinations in massachusetts and now treehouse brewing is going into the the old channing beat building which seems to have almost religious following of of people um and that's going to be a huge draw too and and i always say how do we i always think about how we can get people who are driving north or south on 91 having to stop in town and leave their money um because invite people to do sports book right off of 91. that's the next craze and that's gonna the state's gonna miss it yeah so i mean how do we how do we how do we get out of staters or even out of towners i mean it doesn't much matter if we're taking somebody somebody's money from northampton or for connecticut right generate revenue if that marijuana facility the retail opens up i see a one-two punch there um coming up for treehouse and grabbing a little something for the ride home um and yeah year old school yeah well that's i don't know about that there's nothing wrong with old school yeah there's just not enough of them around uh well you know i don't see anything else right now from a retail perspective that is that is going to attract sports book expenditure well unless you go out and do it no i don't even like i don't like the why i don't want to probably i don't want some kid depend on some kid to make a shot that i need to win yeah there's a lot of people that like that though true enough um but anyway i think you know if somehow this new retail establishment um and i'm sure they know that the treehouse operation is going ahead um i would imagine that they would would want to get off the ground as soon as possible um is there anything standing in their way from our end from the town's end right no no no they have all their they have all their town permits and i believe they have their provisional license from the state so it's just a matter of renovating the space and going through all the inspections and that type of thing from the state from the ccc okay great so i mean so so the idea is what would that in mind what could we encourage or or you know what complements that i guess um you know there's a vac there's some vacant there's a vacant piece behind the sugarloaf shops buildings couple under underutilized parcels and you know what can we what can we encourage but that's kind of a bigger that's a bigger discussion yeah well has has anyone stepped forward to uh inquire about the uh the old pizza place that burnt down that's now the home of the weightly um um um snowmobile club i see there's signs up there uh where's that demaios yeah yeah yeah yeah five and ten the old site wasn't the police department own that because they're packed there all the time state and local yes yeah yeah it's a nice spot for them oh they plowed they plowed it deep for them so they could hide a little further in the back yeah yeah perfect um we ought to put parking meters in there oh no i think a bucket of nails would be better alrighty so these are our balances stabilization capital stabilization vehicle stabilization and this is certified free cash just so we all know where we're starting from yeah i you know it's a great position i mean when you go through this entire presentation um you know we've never been i don't think in a better economic position than we are right now um so it's a heartening view brian quick question how have revenues come in with regard against projections any drop off this year um so we're looking at let me see if i can drive it up so i sent out the what we have for actuals for for 21. um let me give me a second to pull that up it's kind of just about the same which given the past year is good yeah yeah all things considered um all right can we see that there you go yeah yeah um so this is through um this is through december 31st so it's half a year so tops personal property tax real estate tax i mean those are those are pretty much what we normally see um and anecdotally just talking with lead it's most everybody's most everybody's able to pay their uh their property taxes um excise tax just went out so we don't have to worry about that one um but a lot of these i i was surprised actually at the at the hotels in uh meals tax um because if that's about half the year it's the same it's gonna be about the same so that's one of the that's one of our that was one of our concerns um was the the hotels and meals then you crush some of these people with penalties and interests yep yep yeah you don't pay you get whacked um okay i just want to know in terms of making plans whether we're nobody's to link what it looks like whether we have to project for diminished revenues and it looks like not national average uh for the revenues that were only down point zero two percent yeah how'd you figure that out would you get a calculator no it's on the news if you listen to the news how can i listen to it when i got it muted do nothing else up there in that shop yeah i wish i didn't do anything else my legs are telling me differently so yeah the concerns that we had haven't haven't really materialized um you know we were we were planning for four hits to unrestricted general government aid and um chapter 70 which never materialized so that was good um and then hopefully fy22 is going to be much better than fy21 um i don't know what in terms of restaurants and things like that but i would think i mean um yeah going going forward it looks like we're we should be okay unless something dramatic goes wrong okay um brian thanks for that overview of the trends of town revenue along with that there was um you had we had in the agenda impact of covet 19. is there something specific uh that we didn't cover that you wanted to um bring forth no i think we talked about it in just what we talked about it then we touched on it you know i think one of the biggest impacts is on the schools right okay um the next two topics discussed um finance committee objectives for the coming year and then number four to review and discuss future um budget meeting topics um you know i i think that could be a general discussion um sort of all in one um brian what do you think about that yeah that sounds good anybody else have any thoughts um or would like to throw out their um objectives that we might want to move forward on in the coming year um one thing i'd like to see that i've talked with brian and paul about it is at least looking at the issue of taxation for commercial industrial properties versus residential and do we want to continue the same tax rate or not okay because i think we talked about it where select board talked about it in december at which point it was a fader complete for that year right right so we want to look at whether we want to keep the single tax rate or does it does it make any sense to you but some some towns do it other towns don't right what's the advantage the advantage is to be able to to try to reduce the residential rate by increasing monies paid by particularly industrial sites that have deeper pockets there are certainly other issues involved but really if the impact on yankee candle or whoever owns them these days is you know if their taxes went up let's say fifty thousand dollars uh you know that'd be a big impact on our tax residential rate if we could reduce by that amount as long as it doesn't have other negative impacts like they move out or yeah but are they gonna move out for fifty thousand you know yeah they're gonna move out for fifty thousand i don't i wouldn't think so well fifty thousand isn't going to reduce the tax rate either i just grabbed the number out of thin air but yeah i i i mean we had talked about this and what i think the main reason we move forward with this kind of a discussion is to build be able to answer the question right exactly i'm not saying we should do it or shouldn't but i think we have to ask address the question before december and i think that it requires a bit of number crunching and therefore getting an understanding of who's the winners who's the losers and does it make sense to move forward um and in the end we may find out that no it doesn't but unfortunately it's never been done from up up to this point uh it hasn't done here it's been done other places here right right so i looked at the the statewide tax numbers irving has a huge um big discrepancy they've got a big industrial tax yeah because they've got the paper plant right so that that's their purpose they keep the residential rate down by taxing the industrial yeah all right so that's that's uh one um anyone have another thought they'd like to throw out there in terms of budgetary topics um outside of the normal usual number and the voting processes that we go through okay i think we just had i think one topic and we just started to discuss it is how do we whoops the suspense is killing me i know yeah okay he's frozen for me everybody right you're back who's there we're all here we're all here you froze you froze oh yeah um you're having a stroke are you let me see let me check uh no good i'm good pulse is good um so do you see that as a topic you see that is a topic or like an underlying discussion that um how do we use these monies just six hundred thousand dollars that we have in there right now obviously we're going to use it but moving forward uh do we try to pair that down and how do how how do we pare that down um um is the question so is that good everybody okay with that can i ask brian a question sure no some of the i you know i understand that some of the 600 000 this year is money that was returned from unspent town budget highway department fire department whoever it was yep a fair amount of it is from what we always called uh it's new growth but we plug in a number that's 50 lower than what it actually is which raises the amount uh i i can't see nickel and diming the fire department's budget any more than we do already if you know he do you like doing that i know i like doing that but it's like pulling teeth you know what i'm saying yeah if we use the more realistic new growth number now we you just said that new growth is not going to be what it has been and i agree with that that you know these projects are coming to a halt uh all that's going to do you're just moving numbers around you're not really solving the problem the problem is that we are taking in more money than we're spending that's a great thing but we got to put it in accounts we got to put it in the stabilization account we gotta put it in the bank uh three or four or five years from now it may be turned around like it was 10 years ago you know we don't know that well tommy i think that you're right we don't know those things we have to save for a rainy day but what what is re customary and reasonable in terms of amounts um and i think we we i think it depends on your needs i mean if you're looking at the maintenance of town buildings i think that's a huge that's a the roof could cave in somewhere or just leak or or the school furnace they want i mean you can just say here we can do that not say okay let's figure out how we're going to pay for it first right we know how we're going to pay i think we talked about that a little bit last year yeah we did that we should create a fund for our buildings because on our uh capital improvements we just got a wish list of the uh school our elementary school that's 30 years old and it's in the process of major items being have to be replaced okay and i i think we instead of waiting for those to come down the pike and get thrown at us at uh the big numbers i think we should be putting monies into a fund for that purpose yeah that's a great idea i i agree i think we've been doing a good job actually with the vehicle fund over the past few years you've done exactly this right such that we've now got a vehicle funded 60 odd thousand so if we need a new police cruiser it's not a police cruiser no uh but we can do the same there's no reason we shouldn't do the same thing with buildings i agree um but keep in mind that that we entered this discussion and we're trying to reduce what we're trying to reduce the dependency of the tax tax taxes on the town by this influx of two hundred thousand dollars every year um and i don't know how you how you well i don't know how you can do both be creative be innovative so essentially the 200 000 is just what bob talks about of returning money to taxpayers right right by by keeping the tax rate the same or lowering it well if you if the taxpayer sees they can grab something and see it see it a visual they they like that when they have when they see it not visual and they say why am i paying for that yeah and that my that becomes an issue for everybody yes absolutely and everybody knows what i'm talking about um brian did you have a did you want to say something i thought you um he left we're gonna jump in brian left the building i guess not so this is an ongoing discussion um regarding um how we save money and how we allocate money so allocations and savings are certainly another topic that paul it's also how we plan for down the road yeah make sure we don't get big hits yep planning law more long-term planning okay yeah okay um all righty brian did you have any thoughts about um what might be some topics um that would um no i i mean the one i wanted to talk about was just talked about in terms of in terms of how we go about saving for for rainy days essentially um but we also have ongoing capital needs that that we need to balance um so that's really at this point those are two competing interests right we either we take a free cash and we either um put into stabilization accounts or we're spending it on on our capital items so um it's something we'll have to continue to continue to grapple with some communities say um we're going to spend we're going to put whatever two percent of free cash three percent of free cash um this arbitrary number and we're going to put that in stabilization but i mean i think what ends up happening is they end up taking it out of stabilization fairly soon after and it's just in and out um so it's something that will help to continue to continue to try to find a balance that we're comfortable with i don't think there's right or wrong um because there are there's going to be cat there's going to be capital items eventually we need i know we don't think about it but eventually the police cruiser is going to get old and it's going to break down eventually the roofs are going to hold and the the elementary school kitchen oven is going to break oh wait that says here they're gonna have to if they don't buy a new oven they don't do hot lunches do they yes they do what how do you know because my grandkids go to school then i'm just checking i just asked how you had at least i know at least and i tell her bring a sample house so i could make sure the quality control is good nets not throwing it away snack on the way home um so um okay um yeah well just one more thing um this gets into the the schedule the budget schedule a little bit my hope is that our next meeting um we kind of just a little backwards but my hope is that i have an entire budget compiled um kind of look at we can kind of look at oh big picture first and then drill down um it's not always possible from when we normally start because we don't have some of the big ticket budgets you know when we start our conversations um so hopefully we can kind of uh make that shift at least this year we did that last year um we took more of a overview approach and and then kind of drill down to where we thought we could find some savings yeah so i hope i could hopefully i'll have the budgets all together by the next that's meeting it looks like um if we can hold these dates the the school is available march 23rd uh right to come in and talk well come whatever log in and talk um and then there's two other um no that so there would be three total um joint finance committee meetings in the hope of the hope of doing uh looking at the larger budget first and then i'm hoping we can select which departments we want to have join us on zoom yeah um it's it's terribly an efficient way to do meetings so i think if we can narrow down the ones we really want to talk to this year um okay oh you're going to say keep the town office closed what's that how long is town office going to stay closed i don't know i don't get to make that decision i i have a school question that's you probably can't answer but maybe you can get a handle on this before do you think parent there's gonna be some parents that gonna are wanna have their kids repeat grades and then end up with a situation i'm gonna use kindergarten all of a sudden you're gonna need two teachers in kindergarten that's a question for you to ask because i think that's gonna happen yeah i think that kids that are lost it's gone almost like kids staying back yeah i think there's going to be kids repeating and i don't i you know i'm sure it won't be a big deal in lately but maybe it will be my understanding in the school committee in in the school environment in general is that they never keep kids kids back no they don't but i wonder if you're the parent and i'm the parent we say we want our kids got nothing let's keep them back a year now down south that's a big thing for other reasons they keep kids back and usually athletically yeah but i just wonder if academically that's going to happen here well i think there are a lot of questions for the school well that's that's just one i think i don't want them to drop and say we're going to need another kindergarten teacher and weightly because you know 14 kids for and you know you know parents are today they talk and say well if you're keeping yours back i might as well keep mine back yeah i just don't want that situation to all of a sudden present itself which i think it will okay brian as far as as far as who we want to hear from each of the last couple of years we've had requests to the senior center to get some breakdowns and they're closed numbers zero so well not kidding but maybe they could go back and get us the old you know they've got the staff has time now to go back and get his numbers they're closed yeah no but not for this past year but for past years where they didn't have the numbers you know well we'll i think we'll cross that bridge when we get to it obviously but um if dan went there once in a while like he should he could get information you won't ah all righty um so our next meeting is the 16th correct yes okay um and you feel that you'll have the budgets out and um at least some kind of cohesive form for us to take a look at and um and when we meet then we'll discuss that'll and again it'll be a full fincom select board um great yeah um so that'll be that'll be good um any other questions any other thoughts um if you have any thoughts about this meeting a future meeting jot them down so that we can i do have another question and i had somebody from deerfield ask me this on the finance committee is frontier looking for not just the capital they we did for the track more capital more capital right yes go are you holding out on us what do they want we're not talking about them yet well people people are asking me and i say i've i'll try and find out i don't know knocking and is there going to be any cost creep on what they've already committed to because they haven't gotten started on a lot of the projects yet yeah that's exactly right backwards five grand or five million five million oh oh i missed the show sorry how easy it is to do that really i'm gonna read it yeah why not please five million dollars no just kidding um frontier original school district respectfully requests that the towns of conway deerfield sunderland and wait we vote to raise and appropriate take from available funds or otherwise provide for capital project funding and fy 22 for cleaning of gymnasium ducks cleaning of auditorium ducts and replacement of stage curtains per the allocation below uh conway 5700 count of deerfield 15 000 town a sunderland 8 600 count of wheatley 5 400. yeah oh by the way deerfield and sunderland have significant increases in the uh frontier budget and the assessment good yeah yeah good so it's their year yep that's been their year for a while it was ours a long time ago is significant for in terms of their overall budget that's good alrighty um there are no other thoughts there no other um questions bob you good hi everyone yup jim uh brian are we gonna try to get by without hard copies this year given your shoe and everything or no the town hall's gonna open next week i don't make that call um i mean if you want hard copies i'm happy to leave them in the lobby that'd be good i would like i'd like to make notes yeah yeah i've been printing my own but i just soon have somebody else do it i can't always open the documents get a new computer i guess no i don't need a new computer i just keep pushing buttons i needed i i need an i.t person i didn't go to school for that no all righty so um how do you want to work that brian do you want to make copies by request or just make copies for everyone and leave them at a certain spot email us that they're there um let's let's just see now who wants them and then we'll i'll just plan on whenever before meeting we'll have it dan kennedy taiwan i'll take one i'll take one i'll take one me too sounds like everybody why not everybody brian you better bump up your finance committee budget to afford paperwork well we didn't use any last year so let's take that and just transfer it or the prior year yeah well i send you my bill for ink and paper yeah send it to send it to the entire residence [Laughter] not a lot going on here i'll tell you right now i'll hand it to you when i see you out walking would that'd be nice okay all right uh do i have uh the most emotion we adjourn second all those in favor aye aye that's everybody you

everybody welcome happy new year happy new year to everyone we got a new a brand new fiscal year beginning and and we have a new member patricia devine and i want to thank her she is down there in the lower left hand corner how are you doing i am well thank you and yourself good maybe we just start with how we would normally start for at the round table or the big u we talked a little bit about us just a quick little snip about ourselves regarding regarding us in the town of waitley i will start i have been in i have been here in whiteley since 1983 i live up on weber road raised the family here most of them are gone but they tend to come back a lot because i am a good cook and that is a good thing and i have been on the finance committee for a number of years now and it is an it is it is an interesting process from start to finish and it never gets old well it does get old but we kind of forget about it and we all come come come back so it is a good thing okay so let us go around let us go around the horn dan yeah dan kennedy lived in wavy all my life been on the finance all my life capital planning also and the municipal building committee i enjoy it so i will keep working tommy tom maher i live on poplar hill road in west waitley been here 42 years i guess been on the finance committee on and off for most of the 42 years i kind of like to know how my tax dollars get spent that is about it okay fred fred barron i live on north street i have lived in town since lost cat 2013 been on the finance code i think this is my 4th or 5th year do not remember how many budgets i have done now i was on the planning board before this and that is about it right jim i am jim kirkendall i live on haydenville road i have been in waitley since about 91 and i have been on the finance committee for about 5 years as on served on the housing committee for a number of years prior that is about it want to go back on the housing for sure no thank you hi there actually i go by patty i have been here i have lived in weightless since 94 i spent 10 or 12 years on the conservation commission and i am now there when they have some engineering stuff that comes up i i go on to you know they send me the plans and i look at them and i check them out and i have also spent a really brief moment on the planning board but you know and i live on 5 and 10 and that is my cat you hear in the background i can hear well amy hi i am amy schrader i am the administrative assistant and assistant town clerk i have been a weightly resident for 6 years bob patty and i have known each other for probably 35 years so we probably do not really need to explain to each other well we would like to know you a little better though really well maybe not sorry i think i have lived in town 31 years but i do not know how long i have been on the finance committee i think maybe 15 years it seems like 100 sometimes sometimes it does okay and patty and we all know brian we do well okay where does brian live for brian where for sandy lane what if you win i do not know i know that is not true that place is not open no it is true the lights are on people park cars there but it is not open yeah well patricia again you know welcome everybody to a new year and it is going to be it is going to be interesting so we turn this over so let us start with with the agenda and has everyone had the opportunity to read the minutes from june 11th of 2020 if i i would assume yes and we will take do i have a motion you have a motion to approve the minutes i will 2nd it all those in favor let us go one by one yes yes tommy yes fred yes jim yes bob yes patricia yep okay it passes unanimously okay right now we are going to talk about a little bit about trends in the town revenue situation and the impact of kovan 19 on those trends and for that to lead that discussion is brian domino brian thanks so this will look familiar i am going to share this 0 i bob you can see the screen though right yeah all right in the cast 0 my god look how small it is good did a nice job on this all right so deeper we have seen this before well with it is updated but we have seen this before i mean generally speaking i mean the last full fiscal year is fy 20 and fy 20 so kobe came in the last 3rd of the year so just keep that in mind when we are looking at these types of things obviously we are in the we are in the the middle to later half of fiscal year 21 and we are going outside we can look at some of the at the revenues there but but we will focus on this now so just a reminder these are the 4 main sources of revenue local tax levy state aid the largest being chapter 70 and unrestricted general government aid local receipts and then there is a catch all category of all other those are our main sources of revenue so 21 this is our anticipated revenue by source no surprise to anybody here tax levy is the largest source of revenue for the town state aid local receipts and then all other this has been pretty consistent and it is really the structure that is set up unless the state is going to give us more money which does not look like they are going to anytime soon so it is going to continue to be the tax levy so tax levy 2021 it was 0.73 lower than the previous year you recall we had multiple virtual meetings and one of the goals of the finance committee was to try to level fund everything and keep it as low as we could we had help from from the school districts by i think they both level funded although it did not frontier did not necessarily relate translate to a level assessment for us but they level funded their general their their overall expenses but some things happened with the formula we paid a little bit but elementary school is level so that is where we ended up for the tax levy this is this is a local tax levy access levy capacity because we kept spending down we have increased our excess levy capacity some more so now it is 1100000 in terms of excess levy capacity and again that means that we can generate that amount of taxes that one override does not mean that we want to but it means that we could so you see that that is a big over the past 10 years from from 2012 to 21 it is a significant growth in our access levy capacity absolutely and we are really the anomaly in in the good sense of our neighbors some other a lot of our surrounding towns are up against their levy limits and weight was in a good spot but it may affect us indirectly in terms of any of our regional services if you know if let us say let us just use frontier as an example if if frontier wants to implement the program but one of our you know neighboring towns can not afford it they are going to argue that against it and whether that is whether that is good or not if we are going to be selfish for for weekly students but it is just something to keep in mind it is not something that we really have control over in terms of levy capacity obviously but we all we all remember when that was not the situation very very well and we were under let us put it that way from our neighbors and and we had to we had to pony up despite not having this kind of picture when they tried to when we tried to get up they pushed us back down well my memory is not so long so i am glad you have that memory yes so it is a nice picture you are gloating a little bit i am too because we can so this is our tax rate it dropped from 1567 to 1492 just a couple things on this you know one of the drivers behind this was when we do when we do projections each year when i do projections each year we assume that there is going to be a approximately a $4000000 growth in total assessed value this year there was a 12000000 growth in total value wow what does that mean it means that well so let us talk about where that comes from a lot of that came from revaluing existing properties so it does not necessarily mean that that that it got more affordable if you know what i mean it is better to really look at the average single family tax bill which we will look at in a 2nd and some of this is around some of this is from new growth you know there is around fy 21 we had just over 90 0 in certified new growth so that is growth that comes from is that from building permits pretty good yeah it is pretty good we usually estimate around 60 so we beat that this year and we beat it the entire year right when you say when you say it is up to 12 the valuations are up is that for fy 21 or into 22 that is just that is for 21 okay yeah the values for 22 will not be set till next october which is it is not ideal because you know we are well we we know we are setting budgets and we do not know what what these values are going to do but so it it went down but we will look at single family tax single family tax average single family tax bills in a 2nd but this is so tax rates for surrounding communities for some reason conway is conway does not have any daba i do not know if they do not collect taxes or if dls did not did not put it up i assume they did not put it up or they have not set their tax rate yet which would be unlikely but it is possible so that is just where we stand in comparison to our neighbors i do not know how anybody can afford to live in williamsburg but well yeah and then just keep in mind in deerfield this is the so the effective tax rate in deerfield you actually need to add i have my zoom screen covering this you actually need to add a dollar 10 for the water district tax and then a dollar 3 for the fire district tax and then would have but if you are in old deal for the fire district you are only adding ¢48 but you are adding pretty much $2 to whatever the rate is whatever the town rate is so yeah that is the effective tax rate there so after average single family tax bill so it dropped a little bit not significantly but it dropped a little bit so this is every single family tax bill with compared to surrounding communities you know i think we are kind of right in the middle again conway does not have any data this year but this is my comment about williamsburg with the almost $5900 yeah yeah so total state aid for 2021 this number is pretty much said it is it is less than the prior 2 years quite a bit left yeah unrestricted general government aid and then also chapter 70 so as as part of the administration is promise to municipalities they promised that they were going to level fund unrestricted general government aid and chapter 78 which they did from 20 to 21 so so it is the same for 2021 which is good i mean they were seeing declining revenues and and we appreciate that but in prior years it it has as you can see it has steadily increased but it did not happen 2021 yes slow rise so school choice tuition so this is school choice receiving is the yellow school choice sending is the gray so this has been a winning proposition for weightly for a while now this is really one thing we need to pay attention to heading into 22 if you look at 21 the numbers for 21 that is significantly less than what we usually get and as you know school choice the way that the the elementary school has been spending school choices it funds a portion of the school operations right and the only other place really where that where that money is going to be made up is it is going to be shifted to the town assessment so a lot of the pandemic infected a lot of things and really school choice is one of them in and we are not we do not really know if that is going to come back or not have the schools giving you any insight into this in terms of numbers projections for 22 yeah no i have not had in depth conversation with them about the elementary school yet but we have talked about well actually we have talked about this a little bit but not specific numbers the other 2 programs and we will just talk about it now because it is because we are on the topic of education in the elementary school the 2 other areas where schools took a hit was the school lunch program the some will call it a requirement and it probably was a requirement schools still provided free lunches throughout the pandemic and so so that revenue from school lunch helps offset staffing costs typically and there was not that revenue but they had the staffing costs so the the revolving fund for the school lunch took a hit and then the other one is pre k you know the elementary school has a pre k program and so the school district is required to provide pre k for for kids who have needs for for kids who have special needs but they fill the rest they fill the rest of those seats the rest of that program is with tuition paying students and typically tuition paying students will will cover the cost and more of that staffing but the numbers for pre k were down significantly so there is there is 3 revenue sources that we just need to be mindful of and have discussions with the with the school district when they where you where do you think it will go which which one any of them i mean i assume the school lunch will will catch up because i assume kids will be i hope kids will be back in the classroom and pre k i i i hope pre k will will resume school choice it is i do not know that is a tough one i think there has been an increase in people who have decided to homeschool children so that takes them out of the district altogether i do not know if people who are willing to school choice or chill school choice their children are willing to you know are those the same people who are who are homeschooling and that is why we are seeing a decrease well i wonder if that is a county wide phenom too not just union 38 yeah yeah so just do you know if our pre k is in session is that i believe they are is that happening i i will double check for you but i believe they are okay but it is probably only weightly kids that are going there so the town is carrying the brunt of the expenses instead of in the past we had kids paying to come here yeah well i mean i am hoping that and i mean i am i guess that is probably the way it turned out but i kind of scratched my head and thinking that if pre k went virtual i mean there is there is no point in that no you know that that right children of that age just do not have the capacity to go on and you know learn anything through the internet so that is why i kind of questioned that so it would be good if we understood that i guess you know yeah okay yep charter school reimbursement versus sending this has always been a losing proposition for us we do not get much we do our reimbursements very small charter school sending obviously depends on kids that are going on a district to charter schools but that is what it was in 21 and what is the per 0 it depends on whatever the accepting school charges or is it a flat rate again i do not think it is a flat rate like school choice no so what do we figure it is costing us per student i do not know exactly i would have to i do not know does not have to do with what we are paying per student is not there like a formula that whatever we are paying it is near that i would have to go back and look that up okay draw the school and we do not have any say over if kids go to charter or not so right we are kind of at the mercy of the parents so to speak yeah gotcha local receipts these are actual so 2020 was 612 513 that was about what you know we anticipated it would be local receipts by source so this is just looking at local receipts our biggest our biggest revenue generators motor vehicle excise tax you should have got your exercise tax bills recently this generates the the largest amount for of local receipts everything else is pales in comparison to that but that is how it breaks down and then all others is the catch all category of revenue which fluctuates i do not know if there is any wait a minute yeah i mean i do not think there is any meaningful conclusions to drop from that but so expenses hey wait can you go back to that last slide just in case they should have why was all other at 1500000 in 2018 just in case that you may not have that answer but downstream that may be something that that is the cell phone cell tower was not it sale of the cell tower i do not know no this was this was so the way that the the the way that the accounting worked on the the town hall rehabilitation project taking money out of accounts out of the accounts that it was in it some of it was in the cell tower account and then some of it was where else would it take it from employees cpa cpa and the borrowing that we did it shows up as revenue when it comes out of those accounts so that is it is really just an a function of the accounting system okay fine it is not like we got 1500000 in just one year you know hit it in the walls here right right yeah right i will never tell you where so i will move on to expenditures this is expenditures by source education like well we all know this education is our largest budget we cracked 3000000 last year in expenses so congratulations yes working hard at it yeah so those are the those are the things so let us look let us talk about this so education is i can not what is it 58 56 yeah so how does that compare to other towns in the county would you are we below above the same i have the percentage of our budget a direct comparison but i i suspect everybody is around the same i do not think i do not think it is any less than 50 in in most municipalities i would be shocked if it was and if it was would probably mean that some other category was exceptionally over funded well it might be education might be exceptionally overfunded by him that is why i am asking why how is it compared to what going on it would be good to take a look at that at some point yeah i am sure we could pull that off i am sure destiny would probably we could probably pull it off the desi website i would imagine what is under fixed costs health insurance health insurance retirement are the 2 biggest okay good news on health insurance okay so this is just total expenditures just fluctuates but we are right around where we were for the past 45 years 4 years this is total expenditures of our neighboring communities we is the lowest in terms of our total expenditures per year so this is total education expenditures i should have done a slide right here and compared our neighboring communities with total education expenditures maybe next year so we cracked the 3000000 mark with total education expenditures so this includes operating budget and any other expenses but it continues to go up this just again highlights the gap between what we receive for this is just for the elementary school what we receive in chapter 78 and what it actually takes to operate to school again it would take a change at this at the state level to to change this and right not going to happen not this year so total fixed costs again the biggest ones are are health well the biggest one is health insurance and then the 2nd one is retirement that is what we paid in 2020 2020 the increase was i think due to mostly due to increases in retirement health insurance was was a level because we made plan changes for the the hampshire county group which insurance trust made plan changes and they were able to hold premiums low they are not planning on any premium increases for 21 claims were this might be good or bad claims were down in for the past year so it is good in a sense that premiums are going to remain lower but it will not be good if claims are low because people deferred procedures that are now going to be more expensive procedures and we are going to pay for the more expensive procedures in in future years so that is really yet to be seen but as as people become more comfortable you know become more comfortable doing the preventative care and stuff like that we may see an increase in claims or more expensive claims but that is yet to be seen obviously total debt service payments so in 21 we paid the last payment on the fire truck 2022 the 43 147 are release purchase agreements for an excavator wood chipper that was approved at annual town meeting and if you recall last year we actually took the 80 0 out of the out of the operating budget for the debt service and that that was one of the things that also helped us keep the the tax levy lower but that is totally paid off now and then we obviously have we are talking just about the general fund we have we sell remaining debt for the and we will talk about this when we do the capital stuff but for the town hall and then the enterprise month has some for the manganese filtration system so takeaways from all this so we are going to see an increase in in our retirement assessment 4.21 we are not anticipating any increases in group health insurance so education frontier we are expecting a 6.53 decrease in our assessment and we are expecting a 13.56 decrease in the franklin tech budget which are good news for us from a financial standpoint so frontier has you recall 22 town meetings ago 2 annual town meetings ago all 4 towns approved a capital bond for frontier and they still have not they still have not went out have they gone out yet we are not going to see a payment in fy 22 essentially is what i am saying but that that debt authorization is still there and we are still obligated to pay those that capital assessment part of that was the was the track right and and is not that ongoing right now are not they doing repairs to that track did not they have to shut it down well no i i saw something the other day on forgot what what side it was but they were talking about taking a look at i am pretty sure they had to start over they had a problem huh jesus i think that is a question for darius yeah as far as i know i thought i thought they were they were still going forward with it but they started it and then they had a problem and i but i do not know what it was yeah so but be another our the list grows for topics for our you know friends of the school district we talked about the decrease in school choice revenue we need to keep an eye on that and then i mentioned the school launch in pre k how much how much is a big hit of the school lunch program i do not know exactly i do not know exactly what the account is at now i think it is going to be 10000 if i have to guess i am not a big promoter of spending money in the school but i think the school lunch program is something that we should really look at to pay for yeah just because of where society is right now yeah i mean i do not i am not a big spender but i think that is something that if we have to eat something like that we should eat it and figure out how yeah agreed you know i do not want some kid coming not being able to eat or the person saying well you already have one i mean i do not i i do not think that is right especially in this environment right now well based on everything we have seen as to the status of of our economy it is something that we could certainly absorb yeah right now yeah so i talked about we just talked about that so here is another big one police reform costs we all know last last summer right last fall last summer there was police reform legislation that passed right at the state level and not much has happened other than that the law got passed and then everybody went on and did something else i mean there is so the deadline for for for a bunch of these a bunch of these changes is supposed to be july 1st but not a lot has been done the biggest thing is officer training it is called the post standards but i i forget what they stand for and then there is there is there is still questions whether whether there is going to be department accreditation in different standards related to police technology facial recognition software which we do not have we have body cameras or maybe new standards for body cameras and we are going to incur some costs there there was an argument made that it was unfunded mandate and the state said well we have not said anything yet so we are not going to decide if it is an unfunded mandate yet so they are kicking the can down the road in terms of officer training we could have officer training costs that are going to come in fy 22 so i we have no idea really what these costs are going to be it is at this point it is really anybody is guess i mean we are a small department and we rely on part time officers if we need to train if we do additional training or significantly more additional training for part time officers it is going to be a big expense if we have to go through and meet department accreditation standards that will be a cost as well you know some you know some of the some of the larger cities or or even smaller cities have have their department certified already it is something they have already done and it is something that they have had the resources to do you know but it is just really a big unknown right now well we regionalized ambulance we probably should start thinking about regionalizing police not a bad idea nope and then one thing that we always that that we have done for many fiscal years is we continue to spend free cash to reduce the tax levy again that is one time revenue that is being used offset operating costs right you know it is something that if we can get away from it is probably probably better because if that one time revenue something we should get away from gradually in my opinion if that if that dries up there is not there is not going to be a huge shift of a huge shift to the tax levy so what do we do with the balance i mean just there is 600 0 in there this year if we use 150 of it you got 450 0 you got to do something with that is over taxation when you have money like that not necessarily because we low ball a lot of numbers new growth a lot of it so that is a lot of money for a small town to absolutely i mean if it was 180 0 you would say okay we are doing a pretty good job but 600000 you know i do not want to run into a situation like conway did you had a 1000000.5 and just gave it all away yeah we are not going to do that not as long as i am on this committee we are not getting taxpayer money it belongs to them absolutely but you know with that in mind and with brian is thoughts about trying to wean the town away from this influx of free cash or over taxation however you want to look at it you know what is a reasonable approach to doing that and how do you do that i am i do not think we have faced that before i remember facing the fact that we did not have much in there and trying to build none build it up and i and you know obviously we have been successful there now how how do we you know break ourselves away from that brian you got any thoughts on that yeah i mean we usually use we include this to kind of well it reduces it reduces the tax levy right and the committee is always looked at the tax rate so we can play with those numbers and say okay if we put 200 once once it is all said and done or close to all said and done in terms of budgeting we could say okay if we just put 175 0 and let us put 25 0 in stabilization or capital stabilization or something like that what does that do for the tax levy and in the tax rate and is that something that we want to do but i i mean i am i am a proponent of saving while it is sunny out and it is yep partly cloudy right now but it is going to rain someday and yeah it is it is good to have you know money in our stabilization accounts well we know we know it is going to rain in the school fund with the school choice we are already talking about looking at that as a problem you are right fred that could be the spot okay so revenue someday we might get taxes from retail marijuana yeah someday one day we may i i i have had a phone call from an electrician who was pulling a permit in the in the the what is what was it called deals and steels building yeah the red building my conversations with with the company representatives is that they are still moving forward with that is it still the same company that that started this all you know 3 years ago i do not know yeah 0 it is so okay yeah it is a parent company and they create all these little llc is so when something happens they just fold up and go but toro verde llc 3 massachusetts something like that so hopefully they will open up it during fy 22 but we will see we are also keeping an eye on the additional federal stimulus that is working its way going back to marijuana is there any potential money from the growing side if somebody can figure out how to open up so maybe targeted one of the so there is a push right now from the industry side saying that community impact fees there is no impact to communities and they should not have to pay this money that could so if that is changed at a state level what is that what a great idea so if that is changed at the state level that money is going to dry out that money which we never have gotten yep that that hope money that we are hoping for would never come there is also an argument that it needs to be spent on expenses that are reasonably related to the impacts of the facility on the community what a generic term that is yeah it is like it is like you know it is it is like the it is like the takings jurisprudence you know rough proportionality and essential nexus and it is a it is a mess so we know that so we know that the lasalle property is going to be heading down that road in the future so god knows how that is going to shake out the hikoski property are those people in there now are they operational no that project it fell on its face that project yeah they went to hatfield and actually now they are back proposing they are going to start proposing a cultivation facility on the property immediately south of the waitley diner 0 yeah wow get your boat out yeah mackerel i guess you see a big sign going up right there right on 91 right off the highway yeah but that is everything smoke them if you got them nice wow so that is cultivation cultivation facility another retail permit another retail special permit was issued by the zba and what is formally or currently one call does it all 0 yeah but there were some legal problems there that is a good way to put it there were some legal problems and we do not know how that is going to shake out so 0 yeah that is right i remember hearing about that now yeah so connecticut so there is a difference between between retail because with retail we we get a 3% tax and there is no restrictions on the tax revenue that we get and that is how that is why it is different from a community impact fee so tax money is is not free money but it is money that can be spent on anything so it can have us offset operating costs and whatever else the community impact fee is really more limited and we may never see one it is it is hard to say yeah okay let us not hold our breath on that okay so additional federal stimulus it is probably it is looking like it is going to go through we have seen estimates about of of our town receiving you know 200 to $300000 it is going to depend on what it can be used for as to really how useful it is going to be the current money we have the cares act it is it is restricted in what we can spend it on it needs to be you know necessary in response to covid it needs to be unbudgeted you know it is pretty much paid for our ppe and our by a sign or something with it that was a different grant we were able to get okay but what that was through it was corona supplemental funding program so that was a separate grant we were able to get we have used a lot on upgrading ventilation in our public buildings at the school and for for ppe but so if they allow us to use it for just lost revenue revenue replacement or just to generally spend it how we want it will be a lot it it will be much more useful you know if we have to buy a $1000 of masks it is not going to be very useful to us but we will see and then just a general concern about about future growth a lot of the recent new growth has been residential so pine think pine plains estates dickinson hill road and i know the industrial park is not is not residential but that is really where a lot of the growth has come from and some of these places are nearly full so i mean 5 years from now 10 years from now we got i think it would be good to start thinking about where that is going to come from that is obviously not a question we could answer tonight but and then the select board we have at least kicked around the idea of looking at what if any opportunities exist around exit 24 in terms of commercial yankee candle is one of the biggest tourist destinations in massachusetts and now treehouse brewing is going into the the old channing beat building which seems to have almost religious following of of people and that is going to be a huge draw too and and i always say how do we i always think about how we can get people who are driving north or south on 91 having to stop in town and leave their money because invite people to do sports book right off of 91 that is the next craze and that is going to the state is going to miss it yeah so i mean how do we how do we how do we get out of staters or even out of towners i mean it does not much matter if we are taking somebody somebody is money from northampton or for connecticut right generate revenue if that marijuana facility the retail opens up i see a 12 punch there coming up for treehouse and grabbing a little something for the ride home and yeah year old school yeah well that is i do not know about that there is nothing wrong with old school yeah there is just not enough of them around well you know i do not see anything else right now from a retail perspective that is that is going to attract sports book expenditure well unless you go out and do it no i do not even like i do not like the why i do not want to probably i do not want some kid depend on some kid to make a shot that i need to win yeah there is a lot of people that like that though true enough but anyway i think you know if somehow this new retail establishment and i am sure they know that the treehouse operation is going ahead i would imagine that they would would want to get off the ground as soon as possible is there anything standing in their way from our end from the town is end right no no no they have all their they have all their town permits and i believe they have their provisional license from the state so it is just a matter of renovating the space and going through all the inspections and that type of thing from the state from the ccc okay great so i mean so so the idea is what would that in mind what could we encourage or or you know what complements that i guess you know there is a vac there is some vacant there is a vacant piece behind the sugarloaf shops buildings couple under underutilized parcels and you know what can we what can we encourage but that is kind of a bigger that is a bigger discussion yeah well has has anyone stepped forward to inquire about the the old pizza place that burnt down that is now the home of the weightly snowmobile club i see there is signs up there where is that demaios yeah yeah yeah yeah 5 and 10 the old site was not the police department own that because they are packed there all the time state and local yes yeah yeah it is a nice spot for them 0 they plowed they plowed it deep for them so they could hide a little further in the back yeah yeah perfect we ought to put parking meters in there 0 no i think a bucket of nails would be better alrighty so these are our balances stabilization capital stabilization vehicle stabilization and this is certified free cash just so we all know where we are starting from yeah i you know it is a great position i mean when you go through this entire presentation you know we have never been i do not think in a better economic position than we are right now so it is a heartening view brian quick question how have revenues come in with regard against projections any drop off this year so we are looking at let me see if i can drive it up so i sent out the what we have for actuals for for 21 let me give me a 2nd to pull that up it is kind of just about the same which given the past year is good yeah yeah all things considered all right can we see that there you go yeah yeah so this is through this is through december 31st so it is half a year so tops personal property tax real estate tax i mean those are those are pretty much what we normally see and anecdotally just talking with lead it is most everybody is most everybody is able to pay their their property taxes excise tax just went out so we do not have to worry about that one but a lot of these i i was surprised actually at the at the hotels in meals tax because if that is about half the year it is the same it is going to be about the same so that is one of the that is one of our that was one of our concerns was the the hotels and meals then you crush some of these people with penalties and interests yep yep yeah you do not pay you get whacked okay i just want to know in terms of making plans whether we are nobody is to link what it looks like whether we have to project for diminished revenues and it looks like not national average for the revenues that were only down .02% yeah how would you figure that out would you get a calculator no it is on the news if you listen to the news how can i listen to it when i got it muted do nothing else up there in that shop yeah i wish i did not do anything else my legs are telling me differently so yeah the concerns that we had have not have not really materialized you know we were we were planning for 4 hits to unrestricted general government aid and chapter 70 which never materialized so that was good and then hopefully fy 22 is going to be much better than fy 21 i do not know what in terms of restaurants and things like that but i would think i mean yeah going going forward it looks like we are we should be okay unless something dramatic goes wrong okay brian thanks for that overview of the trends of town revenue along with that there was you had we had in the agenda impact of covet 19 is there something specific that we did not cover that you wanted to bring forth no i think we talked about it in just what we talked about it then we touched on it you know i think one of the biggest impacts is on the schools right okay the next 2 topics discussed finance committee objectives for the coming year and then number 4 to review and discuss future budget meeting topics you know i i think that could be a general discussion sort of all in one brian what do you think about that yeah that sounds good anybody else have any thoughts or would like to throw out their objectives that we might want to move forward on in the coming year one thing i would like to see that i have talked with brian and paul about it is at least looking at the issue of taxation for commercial industrial properties versus residential and do we want to continue the same tax rate or not okay because i think we talked about it where select board talked about it in december at which point it was a fader complete for that year right right so we want to look at whether we want to keep the single tax rate or does it does it make any sense to you but some some towns do it other towns do not right what is the advantage the advantage is to be able to to try to reduce the residential rate by increasing monies paid by particularly industrial sites that have deeper pockets there are certainly other issues involved but really if the impact on yankee candle or whoever owns them these days is you know if their taxes went up let us say $50000 you know that would be a big impact on our tax residential rate if we could reduce by that amount as long as it does not have other negative impacts like they move out or yeah but are they going to move out for 50000 you know yeah they are going to move out for 50000 i do not i would not think so well 50000 is not going to reduce the tax rate either i just grabbed the number out of thin air but yeah i i i mean we had talked about this and what i think the main reason we move forward with this kind of a discussion is to build be able to answer the question right exactly i am not saying we should do it or should not but i think we have to ask address the question before december and i think that it requires a bit of number crunching and therefore getting an understanding of who is the winners who is the losers and does it make sense to move forward and in the end we may find out that no it does not but unfortunately it is never been done from up up to this point it has not done here it has been done other places here right right so i looked at the the statewide tax numbers irving has a huge big discrepancy they have got a big industrial tax yeah because they have got the paper plant right so that that is their purpose they keep the residential rate down by taxing the industrial yeah all right so that is that is one anyone have another thought they would like to throw out there in terms of budgetary topics outside of the normal usual number and the voting processes that we go through okay i think we just had i think one topic and we just started to discuss it is how do we whoops the suspense is killing me i know yeah okay he is frozen for me everybody right you are back who is there we are all here we are all here you froze you froze 0 yeah you are having a stroke are you let me see let me check no good i am good pulse is good so do you see that as a topic you see that is a topic or like an underlying discussion that how do we use these monies just $600000 that we have in there right now obviously we are going to use it but moving forward do we try to pair that down and how do how how do we pare that down is the question so is that good everybody okay with that can i ask brian a question sure no some of the i you know i understand that some of the 600 0 this year is money that was returned from unspent town budget highway department fire department whoever it was yep a fair amount of it is from what we always called it is new growth but we plug in a number that is 50 lower than what it actually is which raises the amount i i can not see nickel and diming the fire department is budget any more than we do already if you know he do you like doing that i know i like doing that but it is like pulling teeth you know what i am saying yeah if we use the more realistic new growth number now we you just said that new growth is not going to be what it has been and i agree with that that you know these projects are coming to a halt all that is going to do you are just moving numbers around you are not really solving the problem the problem is that we are taking in more money than we are spending that is a great thing but we got to put it in accounts we got to put it in the stabilization account we got to put it in the bank 3 or 4 or 5 years from now it may be turned around like it was 10 years ago you know we do not know that well tommy i think that you are right we do not know those things we have to save for a rainy day but what what is re customary and reasonable in terms of amounts and i think we we i think it depends on your needs i mean if you are looking at the maintenance of town buildings i think that is a huge that is a the roof could cave in somewhere or just leak or or the school furnace they want i mean you can just say here we can do that not say okay let us figure out how we are going to pay for it 1st right we know how we are going to pay i think we talked about that a little bit last year yeah we did that we should create a fund for our buildings because on our capital improvements we just got a wish list of the school our elementary school that is 30 years old and it is in the process of major items being have to be replaced okay and i i think we instead of waiting for those to come down the pike and get thrown at us at the big numbers i think we should be putting monies into a fund for that purpose yeah that is a great idea i i agree i think we have been doing a good job actually with the vehicle fund over the past few years you have done exactly this right such that we have now got a vehicle funded 60 odd 1000 so if we need a new police cruiser it is not a police cruiser no but we can do the same there is no reason we should not do the same thing with buildings i agree but keep in mind that that we entered this discussion and we are trying to reduce what we are trying to reduce the dependency of the tax tax taxes on the town by this influx of $200000 every year and i do not know how you how you well i do not know how you can do both be creative be innovative so essentially the 200 0 is just what bob talks about of returning money to taxpayers right right by by keeping the tax rate the same or lowering it well if you if the taxpayer sees they can grab something and see it see it a visual they they like that when they have when they see it not visual and they say why am i paying for that yeah and that my that becomes an issue for everybody yes absolutely and everybody knows what i am talking about brian did you have a did you want to say something i thought you he left we are going to jump in brian left the building i guess not so this is an ongoing discussion regarding how we save money and how we allocate money so allocations and savings are certainly another topic that paul it is also how we plan for down the road yeah make sure we do not get big hits yep planning law more long term planning okay yeah okay all righty brian did you have any thoughts about what might be some topics that would no i i mean the one i wanted to talk about was just talked about in terms of in terms of how we go about saving for for rainy days essentially but we also have ongoing capital needs that that we need to balance so that is really at this point those are 2 competing interests right we either we take a free cash and we either put into stabilization accounts or we are spending it on on our capital items so it is something we will have to continue to continue to grapple with some communities say we are going to spend we are going to put whatever 2% of free cash 3% of free cash this arbitrary number and we are going to put that in stabilization but i mean i think what ends up happening is they end up taking it out of stabilization fairly soon after and it is just in and out so it is something that will help to continue to continue to try to find a balance that we are comfortable with i do not think there is right or wrong because there are there is going to be cat there is going to be capital items eventually we need i know we do not think about it but eventually the police cruiser is going to get old and it is going to break down eventually the roofs are going to hold and the the elementary school kitchen oven is going to break 0 wait that says here they are going to have to if they do not buy a new oven they do not do hot lunches do they yes they do what how do you know because my grandkids go to school then i am just checking i just asked how you had at least i know at least and i tell her bring a sample house so i could make sure the quality control is good nets not throwing it away snack on the way home so okay yeah well just one more thing this gets into the the schedule the budget schedule a little bit my hope is that our next meeting we kind of just a little backwards but my hope is that i have an entire budget compiled kind of look at we can kind of look at 0 big picture 1st and then drill down it is not always possible from when we normally start because we do not have some of the big ticket budgets you know when we start our conversations so hopefully we can kind of make that shift at least this year we did that last year we took more of a overview approach and and then kind of drill down to where we thought we could find some savings yeah so i hope i could hopefully i will have the budgets all together by the next that is meeting it looks like if we can hold these dates the the school is available march 23rd right to come in and talk well come whatever log in and talk and then there is 2 other no that so there would be 3 total joint finance committee meetings in the hope of the hope of doing looking at the larger budget 1st and then i am hoping we can select which departments we want to have join us on zoom yeah it is it is terribly an efficient way to do meetings so i think if we can narrow down the ones we really want to talk to this year okay 0 you are going to say keep the town office closed what is that how long is town office going to stay closed i do not know i do not get to make that decision i i have a school question that is you probably can not answer but maybe you can get a handle on this before do you think parent there is going to be some parents that going to are want to have their kids repeat grades and then end up with a situation i am going to use kindergarten all of a sudden you are going to need 2 teachers in kindergarten that is a question for you to ask because i think that is going to happen yeah i think that kids that are lost it has gone almost like kids staying back yeah i think there is going to be kids repeating and i do not i you know i am sure it will not be a big deal in lately but maybe it will be my understanding in the school committee in in the school environment in general is that they never keep kids kids back no they do not but i wonder if you are the parent and i am the parent we say we want our kids got nothing let us keep them back a year now down south that is a big thing for other reasons they keep kids back and usually athletically yeah but i just wonder if academically that is going to happen here well i think there are a lot of questions for the school well that is that is just one i think i do not want them to drop and say we are going to need another kindergarten teacher and weightly because you know 14 kids for and you know you know parents are today they talk and say well if you are keeping yours back i might as well keep mine back yeah i just do not want that situation to all of a sudden present itself which i think it will okay brian as far as as far as who we want to hear from each of the last couple of years we have had requests to the senior center to get some breakdowns and they are closed numbers 0 so well not kidding but maybe they could go back and get us the old you know they have got the staff has time now to go back and get his numbers they are closed yeah no but not for this past year but for past years where they did not have the numbers you know well we will i think we will cross that bridge when we get to it obviously but if dan went there once in a while like he should he could get information you will not ah all righty so our next meeting is the 16th correct yes okay and you feel that you will have the budgets out and at least some kind of cohesive form for us to take a look at and and when we meet then we will discuss that will and again it will be a full fincom select board great yeah so that will be that will be good any other questions any other thoughts if you have any thoughts about this meeting a future meeting jot them down so that we can i do have another question and i had somebody from deerfield ask me this on the finance committee is frontier looking for not just the capital they we did for the track more capital more capital right yes go are you holding out on us what do they want we are not talking about them yet well people people are asking me and i say i have i will try and find out i do not know knocking and is there going to be any cost creep on what they have already committed to because they have not gotten started on a lot of the projects yet yeah that is exactly right backwards 5 grand or 1000000000 i missed the show sorry how easy it is to do that really i am going to read it yeah why not please $5000000 no just kidding frontier original school district respectfully requests that the towns of conway deerfield sunderland and wait we vote to raise and appropriate take from available funds or otherwise provide for capital project funding and fy 22 for cleaning of gymnasium ducks cleaning of auditorium ducts and replacement of stage curtains per the allocation below conway 5700 count of deerfield 15 0 town a sunderland 8 600 count of wheatley 5 400 yeah 0 by the way deerfield and sunderland have significant increases in the frontier budget and the assessment good yeah yeah good so it is their year yep that has been their year for a while it was ours a long time ago is significant for in terms of their overall budget that is good alrighty there are no other thoughts there no other questions bob you good hi everyone yup jim brian are we going to try to get by without hard copies this year given your shoe and everything or no the town hall is going to open next week i do not make that call i mean if you want hard copies i am happy to leave them in the lobby that would be good i would like i would like to make notes yeah yeah i have been printing my own but i just soon have somebody else do it i can not always open the documents get a new computer i guess no i do not need a new computer i just keep pushing buttons i needed i i need an i t person i did not go to school for that no all righty so how do you want to work that brian do you want to make copies by request or just make copies for everyone and leave them at a certain spot email us that they are there let us let us just see now who wants them and then we will i will just plan on whenever before meeting we will have it dan kennedy taiwan i will take one i will take one i will take one me too sounds like everybody why not everybody brian you better bump up your finance committee budget to afford paperwork well we did not use any last year so let us take that and just transfer it or the prior year yeah well i send you my bill for ink and paper yeah send it to send it to the entire residence not a lot going on here i will tell you right now i will hand it to you when i see you out walking would that would be nice okay all right do i have the most emotion we adjourn 2nd all those in favor aye aye that is everybody you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDYmp-erU54

from dailydoseofweirdnews.com I'm Darren Marlar and this is your daily dose of weird news this episode's brought to you by the audiobook Theodore the great conservative Crusader by Daniel ruddy narrated by Darren Marlar here a free sample on the audiobooks page Marler house.com back in 2004 Mary Graham's was pulling weeds on her family farm in Alberta Canada and somehow lost her engagement ring in the process all these years later the ring is turned up incredibly with a carrot growing through the middle of it it seems her daughter-in-law plucked the lucky carrot from the ground and her son immediately recognized it as his mom's lost ring 84 year old Mary said I'm gonna wear it because it still fits sadly her husband died five years ago he gave her the ring in 1951 amazing the woman loses her diamond ring when it's found thirteen years later and has another carat added to it Selena Gomez recently tweeted that she can hardly wait for people to forget about me well one idea might be to stop tweeting that you owe people forget about you that just reminds them that you're there a brawl broke out at a Dayton Ohio funeral home during the viewing according to a police report a woman arrived at the viewing claiming to be the current girlfriend of the deceased man however the wife asked the woman to be removed from the viewing an altercation ensued between the two women a family member attending the viewing pepper sprayed the women and the fight broke up it was so unexpected and exciting that the grandkids in the back row stood up and started yelling encore a company claims it's selling a drone that can walk dogs if you're to that point perhaps it's best you just not get a dog there's quite a bizarre mystery going on at the Avon Lake Ohio Public Library the staff have been scratching their heads trying to figure out who has scattered 30 empty a1 steak sauce bottles around the place over the past two months with no clues offered from surveillance tapes most of the bottles have turned up in the adult fiction and nonfiction chechens library is stumped they've pretty much ruled out prankster kids as the bottles appear to be left during school hours a library manager wonders if this is some kind of fourth dimensional chess match asking is it a game that we don't know how to play I think you're half right you don't know how to play it and you are the pawns Hillary Clinton is set to release her book what happened next month that explains her loss in the 2016 election it's said to be a quick read with just one page saying I was a terrible candidate police are investigating after a woman assaulted her mother with a cheeseburger at a McDonald's Indianapolis Metropolitan Police were called after the two women got in a fight because the mom told her daughter she could no longer stay at her home purportedly the mom drove her daughter to someone else's house but on the way the daughter changed her mind about where she wanted to go 60 year-old mother told officers her daughter 39 started yelling at her so she stopped at mcdonnell's according to the police report the victim stayed at her daughter yelled b-word I ought to kill you and hit her in the left side of her face with her hand and the cheeseburger the mom told police she had pain on the left side of her face which was red and swollen the daughter got into another drivers vehicle and fled the scene great idea daughter these kinds of actions are exactly what a mom wants to see so she'll invite you to stay at her house after all well played air B&B is reportedly permanently banning white supremacists from making reservations on the site how do they plan on doing that how do you know if somebody's a white supremacist just by their name I mean unless their name is whitey Mick black hater how do you know fair warning ladies in the Los Angeles area don't date Paul Gonzalez seems the 44 year old meets women online and invites them out to dinner nothing wrong with that but then after the big meal has been consumed Paul suddenly vanishes one of his victims described how he had eaten $100 with in a restaurant explaining he had to order two entrees because he's a bodybuilder before saying he was going to the bathroom she never saw him again meanwhile a woman identified as only Beth says she met Dave Gonzales on Bumble before agreeing to dinner at a restaurant Gonzales ordered a glass of Pinot a Caesar salad with a side of shrimp a steak and a baked potato and ate most of the meal before excusing himself to take a phone call he never returned a text win unanswered and his Bumble profile was later removed according to police Gonzalez has also walked out of a salon still clad in a smock without paying for a haircut in color I if I were the police once I arrest the guy I'd make sure to have someone watching at all times when he asks for a little privacy to make his one phone call to a lawyer Florida man who accidentally fired a gun in a strip club restroom while trying to take a selfie has been sent to prison somebody obviously does not understand how selfies work the California man was arrested for posing as a dentist while cooking meth in his office the red flag for police was when the man's patients kept coming out with worse teeth than when they went in yet kept coming back for more Taco Bell has announced that it will soon launch the naked egg taco a breakfast taco that uses a fried egg as its shell I'm not joking the study says Millennials are more willing than others to marry someone in debt well if you're wanting to marry someone college-educated it's pretty safe to believe they're in debt according to new polls six out of ten voters in Michigan Pennsylvania and Wisconsin say they feel embarrassed by Donald Trump's conduct as president but then the same ratios excited about voting for Kid Rock to be their governor of the state so consider that for what it's worth being a pilot for a commercial airline certainly has its perks travel to exotic places a cool uniform and those breathtaking views of the sky but the job can also come with a side of something much more sobering depression new report says that nearly 13% of commercial airline pilots may be clinically depressed so the next time you're boarding and your pilot asks how are you today perhaps the more important question would be no how are you today apparently 41% of men cry after watching inflight movies according to a new survey by Virgin Atlantic that's the case for four out of ten men after they watch an in-flight movie scientists have confirmed that people in general do become more emotional while flying one academic paper from George Mason University hypothesizes that an airplane cabin might be the perfect emotional landscape for tears bright lights the fact that you're oftentimes rubbing shoulders with a total stranger next to you and a deep connection with a movie showing up on a very small screen with ultra personal audio so now flying is emasculating men is there anything feminists won't destroy a new survey finds that the Cheesecake Factory features America's unhealthiest restaurant food oh yeah it's right there in the name Cheesecake Factory Americans are dying these days with an average of 62 thousand dollars in debt so that's 62 thousand dollars they don't have to pay back when in a related story a survey says one in 10 Americans say they will die in debt while others currently living in debts are praying for deaths sweet release North Korea is warning there could be a nuclear war if US military drills turn to actual fighting look at North Korea trying to get our attention after we just plain forgot about them for the past week week and a half scientists say walruses have returned early this year to America due to shrinking Arctic ice although I personally think they arrived early because they wanted to catch the solar eclipse to President Trump was getting some grief online this week for tweeting the word he'll spelled with two E's when he should have typed he'll H e al as in with any luck our nation will eventually heal following my presidency Benjamin David was fed up with the stress of commuting on busy city roads so he now packs his laptop suit and shoes into a waterproof bag straps it to his back and swims two kilometers to work along the Isar River in Munich Germany depending on the season he wears swimming trunks or a long wet suit as well as rubber sandals to protect his feet from glass or the occasional bicycle laying in the river his commute sometimes invites laughs from by standards on the bridges above but he says hey it's faster and more relaxing than sitting in traffic although I still do not understand why this guy doesn't just buy a canoe the web site OkCupid has a zero tolerance policy for white supremacists and just kicked one off its site permanently a profile belonging to white nationalist leader Christopher Cantwell most recently featured in a vice news documentary about the violence in Charlottesville last weekend was discovered on the dating site after OkCupid support team was alerted it immediately banned him hey you know maybe he could get on it ok stupid a landlord entering a vacated apartment in Sweden found himself confronted with the strong smell of urine horse excrement and hay it was later learned that a man evicted for failure to pay rent on his ground-floor apartment had been living with a pony why you know what the lease said no cats or dogs it didn't say anything about horses they say a lot of college graduates these days are really bad riders well they probably should have gone to a good or college with your team voluntarily we're old school mom jeans and a baggy dad shirt on the first day of school don't rule it out just yet these days it's all about the retweets the new trend on Twitter is having students leave their first day outfits in the hands of friends and even strangers they're finding the wackiest things they'd be willing to wear then posting it on the social networking site saying that they would wear it if they get a certain amount of retweets you know in my day that would have been taped up glasses and high water pants with suspenders my shirt any amount of retweeting would have gotten me that getup though study says wine tastes better to people when they think it's more expensive and that's why I only buy the boxes with the really nice pictures on them adoption of a voice assistance such as Amazon echo and Google home more than doubled from 2015 to 2016 a new report shows 56% of US broadband households find it appealing to use voice assistance to control smart home devices but they still won't get you a drink from the fridge so they're pretty useless the newest government report questions the value of financing the military's various musical bands and let's face it they haven't had a hit in years Terrance navies of New Jersey got the ride of his life after paying the $1 50-cent toll to cross the middle thorofare bridge with his wife daughter and daughter's friend in his Toyota rav4 as he was crossing the steel grate it began to rise 3 to 6 feet because a vessel was trying to cross Nathan told reporters my wife said I think the bridge is opening but terrified of dropping 65 feet into the water he simply gunned the engine and was able to make it to the other side James bond-style but with a big impact fortunately nobody was hurt but nay these estimates that his SUV suffered about $10,000 in damages authorities said the operator of the bridge was to blame for the scare that operator blamed Sun glare and now that we've just had that solar eclipse how much you want to bet every single car accident in Midwest America is gonna be blamed on that in Florida a state trooper tried to stop a car about a window tint violation as the trooper followed to the driver tossed something from the window which lodged in the troopers car grille when backup arrived they were able to stop the car that's when they discovered the thing that got stuck in the troopers grille was a bag of marijuana when they frisked from the driver of the car they found another bag of marijuana sticking out of his rear end also an open beer was in the center console got the only way this could have been worse as if the guy was also not wearing a seat belt what-oh Rick really seriously okay it turns out he wasn't wearing a seat belt either forget about hallucinations if you want to start seeing and hearing things just drink lots of coffee researchers studied 200 students and found that those who drank 7 cups of coffee a day we were three times more likely to see ghosts things that were not there also hear voices than those who just had one cup of coffee the scientists at England's University of Durham believe the caffeine and coffee triggers the release of the hormone cortisol which is also released by stress and that may lead to hallucinations but study head Simon James also noted that stressed people may simply drink more coffee and that could cause them to see people and things that are not there the scientists noted that caffeine is also present in tea energy drinks and chocolate so dear Maxwell House I see dead people Bonnie Tyler's mega hit from the 80s total eclipse of the heart went to number one Monday on iTunes but now she's back down to number six thousand eight hundred thirty seven sorry Bonnie a survey says one in four people believe robots would make better politicians than people who did you vote for I voted for the Trump bot 3000 the US Secret Service is reportedly going broke protecting the Trump's the agency can no longer pay the hundreds of agents it needs to carry out the expanded protective mission in large part due to the sheer size of President Trump's family and efforts necessary to secure their multiple residences up and down the East Coast and what about Eric and Tiffany I think a couple of mall cops would probably be fine for those two the government employee in China has resigned after it was revealed that for the past two years he was pulling pay checks at another job while he was on paid sick leave the former employee went on sick leave in June 2015 soon after he began working full-time as a manager at a restaurant it truly is sad though you know to see how much the West has corrupted the Chinese people Game of Thrones fans are complaining that the latest episode pushed the boundaries of believability really isn't this the same show that has dragons down in Arkansas while going through a bag of donated clothing a Blessed Sacrament worker found something she was pretty sure was not supposed to be there a loaded handgun the weapon was discovered in a plastic sack of donated clothes according to the initial incident report the silver and black 9-millimeter handgun had ten rounds of the magazine police checked to see if it had been stolen but it had not officer Jon Shipman then attempted to call the woman who had dropped off the clothing but was unsuccessful so the gun sits in the evidence room for now can you still call yourselves goodwill if you're taking in handguns in New Hampshire 61 year-old Leslie Conn found herself trapped in her own swimming pool after the ladder broke so she turned to the loving arms of Facebook for the rescue she told reporters I had one foot on the ladder and when I put my other foot on it it went down and I cracked my knee she didn't have the upper-body strength to pull herself out nobody else was home and her phone was inside with few other options Conn used a pool pole to drag the chair her iPad was on toward her and posted in a community Facebook page asking for help she said she labeled the post-911 to get people's attention a woman who lived nearby showed up followed by police and a neighbor the rescuers put a stepladder in the pool and mrs. Kahn climbed right out with her sense of humor intact she says people keep saying I bet you can laugh about it now I was laughing about it then what else can you do a judge in India has ruled a woman can divorce her husband because he refused to install a toilet in their home the judge said that forced outdoor defecation is a form of torture and that the woman who's in her 20s has a right to a toilet the judge noted that women in Indian villages often wait until sunset to answer nature's call this is not only a physical cruelty but a violation of the modesty of a woman it can also be dangerous after dark outdoor defecation in India is a major health threat that has prompted a government campaign to ensure an indoor toilet in every household by the year 2019 the woman's husband said an indoor toilet was not an issue when the couple married five years ago but the woman's lawyer said he refused repeated demands prompting her to file for divorce two years ago like the guy enjoys his woman smelling of ode to toilet the average adult now has 37 online accounts but uses just five passwords to keep them secure and one in four people use a single password for most of their accounts well of course you know because the password is easier if you only have one to remember I mean for example I use password 1 2 3 4 everything that way I won't forget it and it's so simple nobody's gonna ever guess it Helena Montana has removed a memorial to Confederate soldiers meanwhile hannah montana continues to go south unabated 40 percent of couples save their most important conversations for the car according to Sheila's wheels a British insurance company why well there are fewer distractions to get this 20 percent of women have so little face-to-face contact with their partners that they primarily use text messages to communicate post-it notes are another favorite way for 10 percent of women to communicate with a husband with one in 14 using email now my bride and I will email each other while we're both in the same house and as for having important conversations at the car sooo true personally though I don't think it's because the distractions are minimalized I think it's because she knows that it's 60 miles per hour I can't jump out of the car if I don't like what she's saying many believe wealthy people are liars and cheaters and now scientists have proof that it's true in a bizarre study researchers concluded that which folks are more likely to lie cheat steal and break rules than poorer people even worse like Michael Douglas's cheating Wall Street stockbroker Gordon Gecko rich folks think greed is good we found that it's much more prevalent for people in the higher ranks of society to see greed and self-interest as good pursuits says Paul piff the head of the study conducted by the University of California at Berkeley in one of the studies tests the researchers found that richer folks were more likely to cheat at an online game to win $50 in another fat cats driving luxury cars were more likely to cut off motorists at a four-way intersection than drivers of cheaper vehicles one thing scientists did not find out was do people become wealthy because they break the rules or does having wealth make you lie in sheet says piff it seems like a vicious cycle now personally I I think I would be the exception to this rule in fact if you want to give me a non-refundable ten million dollars I would be happy to prove it Mark Wahlberg soared to the top of the world's highest-paid actors on an annual Forbes magazine poll Wahlberg 46 earned an estimated sixty eight million dollars in 2017 thanks to his pay days for movies daddy's home - and transformers the last night Wow imagine what he might have made if he'd actually been able to land good movies Tiffany Trump's recent Roman holiday included a stay on a friend's yacht and over $100,000 in car rental costs over $100,000 in car rentals how does somebody do that when they're staying on a boat when NASA launched Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 deep into space 40 years ago each spacecraft brought along a golden record with sights and sounds from Earth just in case any aliens were to stumble across it well now that record is being recreated in a box set for humans on earth and after seeing the list of songs chosen for those records it is completely understandable why aliens have decided not to visit us a British study claims that cats prefer spending time with humans over eating food on the flip side humans would rather spend time with food than with cats or with other humans for that matter if you bought any avocados on Facebook they're probably stolen with local and global demand for avocados showing no sign of tapering off there have been dozens of nighttime raids on orchards in New Zealand by thieves but while last year most of the stolen crops ended up in roadside fruit stands and small shops this year thieves have had to get more creative and they're taking their stolen wares to social media like Facebook all right so maybe I'm just out of the loop here but who does grocery shopping on Facebook some white supremacists taking DNA tests have discovered they're part black that's that's got to be awkward at the Klan meetings just wait until it comes out that they're also Lionel Richie fans a new study finds that human brains are hard-wired to gossip I didn't realize the National Enquirer conducted studies did you snack company kind dumped forty five thousand four hundred eighty-five pounds of sugar in Times Square on Tuesday to spark conversation about how much added sugar children consumed on the plus side New York's rodent problem has just been solved by giving all of the rats diabetes 95 year old producer Norman Lear has been given the go-ahead to produce a new series for NBC called guess who died well at 95 years old as anybody considered this might be his autobiography Canada plans to legalize recreational marijuana in 2018 an official says Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's Liberal government will introduce legislation this spring that is expected to become law by July of next year at which point everybody who said they'd leave the US if Trump got elected now have another reason to make good on that promise customers and employees of Joe's Crab Shack were stunned last week to discover the restaurants closed with no warning the company has closed 41 restaurants so far man first it was RadioShack now it's Joe's Crab Shack I'd be getting my resume updated if I work at the Shake Shack the man in Germany was charged with theft and burglary after police said they found 90 three pounds of women's panties bras and other underwear at his home investigators believe the man took as many as 1500 undergarments from apartment complex laundry rooms before he was caught well I I guess everybody needs a hobby the next version of Google's Android software will be called Oreo followed shortly thereafter by someone saying it's racist because we live in 2017 UFO experts say that California is the state with the most UFO sightings with all the plastic surgery they're the aliens are probably confused thinking California is their home planet a former computer programmer who got rich by rigging state lottery systems has been sentenced to prison he's assigned to sell numbers for six 12:22 and read sell 81 the study finds that about a third of new parents lose the equivalent of two months of sleep during their baby's first year and one in five parents said they lose more than three hours a night almost three full nights a week but even those of us without kids we still lose that much sleep usually from staying up late binge watching Netflix in Spain Rocio Cortez Nunez delivered her third child by c-section at Seville's Balma hospital shortly after the delivery she was being wheeled from surgery to a recovery room and was in an elevator when sheer tragedy struck reportedly while the doors opened and shut the elevator didn't move so the orderlies decided to try another elevator but as they were moving mrs. Nunez out and with the doors open the elevator suddenly started going up the exact details have not been confirmed but reports from the BBC suggest that when the elevator started moving part of her body was outside the elevator and part was in and she was decapitated her newborn baby was not in the elevator with her during the accident which a Regional Health Minister describes as quick unusual and tragic her family's demanding somebody be punished over the death believe it or not the elevator was reportedly serviced fewer than 10 days a hold the phone in person contact is the only type of interaction that beats depression Oregon Health and Science University researchers studied data on 11,000 plus adults ages 50 and over we've been asked how often they communicated with family and friends through get-togethers calls letter and emails those who saw loved ones in person at least three times a week they had just a 6.5 percent chance of being diagnosed with clinical depression but those who got in person contact only every few months or less had 11.5 percent chance which all seems kind of strange to me because isn't it typically dealing with your family that causes depression they may get incredible free health care not have to pay back student loans and a pension for life but even congressmen and Congresswomen are held to the same standards as the rest of us when they break the law Montana representative Greg Ian Forte had lost his bid to avoid being booked photographed and fingerprinted for assaulting a reporter the day before he was elected last May Judge Rick West ordered Sheehan Forte to report to the Gallatin County Detention Center to be booked for the assault charge by September 15th Gian Forte was never arrested and booked for the assault against Guardian reporter ban Jacobs on May 24th prosecutors filed the assault charge later that day and Gian Forte pleaded guilty in June however his attorneys argued that he should not have to be photographed and fingerprinted because he was never actually arrested but the judge shot that down of course Gian Forte wouldn't want anybody to have a mugshot to use against him you know when he runs for re-election next year being a nasty jerk at work pays off a joint study at Cornell and Notre Dame universities seems to prove that the old saying nice guys finish last he's true especially in the workplace the researchers found that men who were less agreeable earned 18 percent more or an extra ten thousand dollars annually and similar types of Lemmon averaged five percent more or nearly two thousand dollars per year nice guys are getting the shaft declares Cornell professor Beth a Livingston the problem as many managers don't realize they reward disagreeableness you know I wanted to show this to my boss in the hopes of him changing the way he treats me but I don't like confrontation police in Germany have seized a stash of Donald Trump shaped ecstasy pills during a recent random traffic stop cops glanced inside a van and saw the five thousand pills which were pressed into the shape of the president's head all right wait a minute here this one looks like Fred Flintstone yeah I think some of these might be kids vitamins whether it's the result of a solid economy or simply generosity the Tooth Fairy is slipping a lot of money under pillows in exchange for baby teeth the nationwide average in 2016 was $4 66 cents per tooth up 19% from the $3 91 cents she gave in 2015 and up a staggering 93 percent from the $2 42 cents she gave in 2012 that's the word from the annual Tooth Fairy poll of 1588 parents nationwide conducted by Delta Dental which points to the busy fairies as a barometer of the stock market's overall direction and I was born in the wrong decade I only got a quarter from the Tooth Fairy for my lost molars ex CIA operative Valerie Plame whose cover was blown during the George W Bush administration she wants to buy Twitter why just to get President Trump thrown off of it and with that in mind she has started a GoFundMe page to buy a controlling interest in Twitter in order to delete the president's account the company's currently worth about 12 billion dollars and so far she's got right around 53 bucks in her new book detailing her failed 2016 presidential campaign Hillary Clinton writes that while she kept her composure during their town hall debate when Donald Trump's talked her on stage and invaded her space she was thinking that the then GOP candidate was a creep who made her skin crawl isn't it great to learn she's not a sore loser the Catholic priest has taken a leave of absence after revealing his past as a member of the KKK the Klan and the priesthood now maybe he's not a white supremacist after all maybe he just really enjoys the feel of loose flowing garments a truck driver distracted by a GPS unit crashed in Arkansas and spilled a truckload of spaghetti sauce earlier this month in Arkansas a tech car filled with bourbon crashed on an interstate and also this month in Arkansas a truck accident left frozen pizzas scattered about so the lesson here is clear hang out on Arkansas highways if you want to save money on your grocery bill if you're already an official weirdo please share this video on Facebook Twitter reddit and other social media to help get the word out if you'd like to become an official weirdo simply click that subscribe button and the notification bell and while you're at it click that like button to let the world know that you're a weirdo

from dailydoseofweirdnews com i am darren marlar and this is your daily dose of weird news this episode is brought to you by the audiobook theodore the great conservative crusader by daniel ruddy narrated by darren marlar here a free sample on the audiobooks page marler house com back in 2004 mary graham is was pulling weeds on her family farm in alberta canada and somehow lost her engagement ring in the process all these years later the ring is turned up incredibly with a carrot growing through the middle of it it seems her daughter in law plucked the lucky carrot from the ground and her son immediately recognized it as his mom is lost ring 84 year old mary said i am going to wear it because it still fits sadly her husband died 5 years ago he gave her the ring in 1951 amazing the woman loses her diamond ring when it is found 13 years later and has another carat added to it selena gomez recently tweeted that she can hardly wait for people to forget about me well one idea might be to stop tweeting that you owe people forget about you that just reminds them that you are there a brawl broke out at a dayton ohio funeral home during the viewing according to a police report a woman arrived at the viewing claiming to be the current girlfriend of the deceased man however the wife asked the woman to be removed from the viewing an altercation ensued between the 2 women a family member attending the viewing pepper sprayed the women and the fight broke up it was so unexpected and exciting that the grandkids in the back row stood up and started yelling encore a company claims it is selling a drone that can walk dogs if you are to that point perhaps it is best you just not get a dog there is quite a bizarre mystery going on at the avon lake ohio public library the staff have been scratching their heads trying to figure out who has scattered 30 empty a one steak sauce bottles around the place over the past 2 months with no clues offered from surveillance tapes most of the bottles have turned up in the adult fiction and nonfiction chechens library is stumped they have pretty much ruled out prankster kids as the bottles appear to be left during school hours a library manager wonders if this is some kind of 4th dimensional chess match asking is it a game that we do not know how to play i think you are half right you do not know how to play it and you are the pawns hillary clinton is set to release her book what happened next month that explains her loss in the 2016 election it is said to be a quick read with just one page saying i was a terrible candidate police are investigating after a woman assaulted her mother with a cheeseburger at a mcdonald is indianapolis metropolitan police were called after the 2 women got in a fight because the mom told her daughter she could no longer stay at her home purportedly the mom drove her daughter to someone else is house but on the way the daughter changed her mind about where she wanted to go 60 year old mother told officers her daughter 39 started yelling at her so she stopped at mcdonnell is according to the police report the victim stayed at her daughter yelled b word i ought to kill you and hit her in the left side of her face with her hand and the cheeseburger the mom told police she had pain on the left side of her face which was red and swollen the daughter got into another drivers vehicle and fled the scene great idea daughter these kinds of actions are exactly what a mom wants to see so she will invite you to stay at her house after all well played air b amp b is reportedly permanently banning white supremacists from making reservations on the site how do they plan on doing that how do you know if somebody is a white supremacist just by their name i mean unless their name is whitey mick black hater how do you know fair warning ladies in the los angeles area do not date paul gonzalez seems the 44 year old meets women online and invites them out to dinner nothing wrong with that but then after the big meal has been consumed paul suddenly vanishes one of his victims described how he had eaten $100 with in a restaurant explaining he had to order 2 entrees because he is a bodybuilder before saying he was going to the bathroom she never saw him again meanwhile a woman identified as only beth says she met dave gonzales on bumble before agreeing to dinner at a restaurant gonzales ordered a glass of pinot a caesar salad with a side of shrimp a steak and a baked potato and ate most of the meal before excusing himself to take a phone call he never returned a text win unanswered and his bumble profile was later removed according to police gonzalez has also walked out of a salon still clad in a smock without paying for a haircut in color i if i were the police once i arrest the guy i would make sure to have someone watching at all times when he asks for a little privacy to make his one phone call to a lawyer florida man who accidentally fired a gun in a strip club restroom while trying to take a selfie has been sent to prison somebody obviously does not understand how selfies work the california man was arrested for posing as a dentist while cooking meth in his office the red flag for police was when the man is patients kept coming out with worse teeth than when they went in yet kept coming back for more taco bell has announced that it will soon launch the naked egg taco a breakfast taco that uses a fried egg as its shell i am not joking the study says millennials are more willing than others to marry someone in debt well if you are wanting to marry someone college educated it is pretty safe to believe they are in debt according to new polls 6 out of 10 voters in michigan pennsylvania and wisconsin say they feel embarrassed by donald trump is conduct as president but then the same ratios excited about voting for kid rock to be their governor of the state so consider that for what it is worth being a pilot for a commercial airline certainly has its perks travel to exotic places a cool uniform and those breathtaking views of the sky but the job can also come with a side of something much more sobering depression new report says that nearly 13% of commercial airline pilots may be clinically depressed so the next time you are boarding and your pilot asks how are you today perhaps the more important question would be no how are you today apparently 41% of men cry after watching inflight movies according to a new survey by virgin atlantic that is the case for 4 out of 10 men after they watch an in flight movie scientists have confirmed that people in general do become more emotional while flying one academic paper from george mason university hypothesizes that an airplane cabin might be the perfect emotional landscape for tears bright lights the fact that you are oftentimes rubbing shoulders with a total stranger next to you and a deep connection with a movie showing up on a very small screen with ultra personal audio so now flying is emasculating men is there anything feminists will not destroy a new survey finds that the cheesecake factory features america is unhealthiest restaurant food 0 yeah it is right there in the name cheesecake factory americans are dying these days with an average of $62000 in debt so that is $62000 they do not have to pay back when in a related story a survey says one in 10 americans say they will die in debt while others currently living in debts are praying for deaths sweet release north korea is warning there could be a nuclear war if us military drills turn to actual fighting look at north korea trying to get our attention after we just plain forgot about them for the past week week and a half scientists say walruses have returned early this year to america due to shrinking arctic ice although i personally think they arrived early because they wanted to catch the solar eclipse to president trump was getting some grief online this week for tweeting the word he will spelled with 2 e is when he should have typed he will h e al as in with any luck our nation will eventually heal following my presidency benjamin david was fed up with the stress of commuting on busy city roads so he now packs his laptop suit and shoes into a waterproof bag straps it to his back and swims 2 kilometers to work along the isar river in munich germany depending on the season he wears swimming trunks or a long wet suit as well as rubber sandals to protect his feet from glass or the occasional bicycle laying in the river his commute sometimes invites laughs from by standards on the bridges above but he says hey it is faster and more relaxing than sitting in traffic although i still do not understand why this guy does not just buy a canoe the web site okcupid has a 0 tolerance policy for white supremacists and just kicked one off its site permanently a profile belonging to white nationalist leader christopher cantwell most recently featured in a vice news documentary about the violence in charlottesville last weekend was discovered on the dating site after okcupid support team was alerted it immediately banned him hey you know maybe he could get on it ok stupid a landlord entering a vacated apartment in sweden found himself confronted with the strong smell of urine horse excrement and hay it was later learned that a man evicted for failure to pay rent on his ground floor apartment had been living with a pony why you know what the lease said no cats or dogs it did not say anything about horses they say a lot of college graduates these days are really bad riders well they probably should have gone to a good or college with your team voluntarily we are old school mom jeans and a baggy dad shirt on the 1st day of school do not rule it out just yet these days it is all about the retweets the new trend on twitter is having students leave their 1st day outfits in the hands of friends and even strangers they are finding the wackiest things they would be willing to wear then posting it on the social networking site saying that they would wear it if they get a certain amount of retweets you know in my day that would have been taped up glasses and high water pants with suspenders my shirt any amount of retweeting would have gotten me that getup though study says wine tastes better to people when they think it is more expensive and that is why i only buy the boxes with the really nice pictures on them adoption of a voice assistance such as amazon echo and google home more than doubled from 2015 to 2016 a new report shows 56% of us broadband households find it appealing to use voice assistance to control smart home devices but they still will not get you a drink from the fridge so they are pretty useless the newest government report questions the value of financing the military is various musical bands and let us face it they have not had a hit in years terrance navies of new jersey got the ride of his life after paying the one.50 toll to cross the middle thorofare bridge with his wife daughter and daughter is friend in his toyota rav 4 as he was crossing the steel grate it began to rise 3 to 6 feet because a vessel was trying to cross nathan told reporters my wife said i think the bridge is opening but terrified of dropping 65 feet into the water he simply gunned the engine and was able to make it to the other side james bond style but with a big impact fortunately nobody was hurt but nay these estimates that his suv suffered about $10000 in damages authorities said the operator of the bridge was to blame for the scare that operator blamed sun glare and now that we have just had that solar eclipse how much you want to bet every single car accident in midwest america is going to be blamed on that in florida a state trooper tried to stop a car about a window tint violation as the trooper followed to the driver tossed something from the window which lodged in the troopers car grille when backup arrived they were able to stop the car that is when they discovered the thing that got stuck in the troopers grille was a bag of marijuana when they frisked from the driver of the car they found another bag of marijuana sticking out of his rear end also an open beer was in the center console got the only way this could have been worse as if the guy was also not wearing a seat belt what 0 rick really seriously okay it turns out he was not wearing a seat belt either forget about hallucinations if you want to start seeing and hearing things just drink lots of coffee researchers studied 200 students and found that those who drank 7 cups of coffee a day we were 3 times more likely to see ghosts things that were not there also hear voices than those who just had one cup of coffee the scientists at england is university of durham believe the caffeine and coffee triggers the release of the hormone cortisol which is also released by stress and that may lead to hallucinations but study head simon james also noted that stressed people may simply drink more coffee and that could cause them to see people and things that are not there the scientists noted that caffeine is also present in tea energy drinks and chocolate so dear maxwell house i see dead people bonnie tyler is mega hit from the 80s total eclipse of the heart went to number one monday on itunes but now she is back down to number 6837 sorry bonnie a survey says one in 4 people believe robots would make better politicians than people who did you vote for i voted for the trump bot 3000 the us secret service is reportedly going broke protecting the trump is the agency can no longer pay the 100s of agents it needs to carry out the expanded protective mission in large part due to the sheer size of president trump is family and efforts necessary to secure their multiple residences up and down the east coast and what about eric and tiffany i think a couple of mall cops would probably be fine for those 2 the government employee in china has resigned after it was revealed that for the past 2 years he was pulling pay checks at another job while he was on paid sick leave the former employee went on sick leave in june 2015 soon after he began working full time as a manager at a restaurant it truly is sad though you know to see how much the west has corrupted the chinese people game of thrones fans are complaining that the latest episode pushed the boundaries of believability really is not this the same show that has dragons down in arkansas while going through a bag of donated clothing a blessed sacrament worker found something she was pretty sure was not supposed to be there a loaded handgun the weapon was discovered in a plastic sack of donated clothes according to the initial incident report the silver and black 9 millimeter handgun had 10 rounds of the magazine police checked to see if it had been stolen but it had not officer jon shipman then attempted to call the woman who had dropped off the clothing but was unsuccessful so the gun sits in the evidence room for now can you still call yourselves goodwill if you are taking in handguns in new hampshire 61 year old leslie conn found herself trapped in her own swimming pool after the ladder broke so she turned to the loving arms of facebook for the rescue she told reporters i had one foot on the ladder and when i put my other foot on it it went down and i cracked my knee she did not have the upper body strength to pull herself out nobody else was home and her phone was inside with few other options conn used a pool pole to drag the chair her ipad was on toward her and posted in a community facebook page asking for help she said she labeled the post 911 to get people is attention a woman who lived nearby showed up followed by police and a neighbor the rescuers put a stepladder in the pool and missus kahn climbed right out with her sense of humor intact she says people keep saying i bet you can laugh about it now i was laughing about it then what else can you do a judge in india has ruled a woman can divorce her husband because he refused to install a toilet in their home the judge said that forced outdoor defecation is a form of torture and that the woman who is in her 20s has a right to a toilet the judge noted that women in indian villages often wait until sunset to answer nature is call this is not only a physical cruelty but a violation of the modesty of a woman it can also be dangerous after dark outdoor defecation in india is a major health threat that has prompted a government campaign to ensure an indoor toilet in every household by the year 2019 the woman is husband said an indoor toilet was not an issue when the couple married 5 years ago but the woman is lawyer said he refused repeated demands prompting her to file for divorce 2 years ago like the guy enjoys his woman smelling of ode to toilet the average adult now has 37 online accounts but uses just 5 passwords to keep them secure and one in 4 people use a single password for most of their accounts well of course you know because the password is easier if you only have one to remember i mean for example i use password one 2 3 4 everything that way i will not forget it and it is so simple nobody is going to ever guess it helena montana has removed a memorial to confederate soldiers meanwhile hannah montana continues to go south unabated 40% of couples save their most important conversations for the car according to sheila is wheels a british insurance company why well there are fewer distractions to get this 20% of women have so little face to face contact with their partners that they primarily use text messages to communicate post it notes are another favorite way for 10% of women to communicate with a husband with one in 14 using email now my bride and i will email each other while we are both in the same house and as for having important conversations at the car sooo true personally though i do not think it is because the distractions are minimalized i think it is because she knows that it is 60 miles per hour i can not jump out of the car if i do not like what she is saying many believe wealthy people are liars and cheaters and now scientists have proof that it is true in a bizarre study researchers concluded that which folks are more likely to lie cheat steal and break rules than poorer people even worse like michael douglas is cheating wall street stockbroker gordon gecko rich folks think greed is good we found that it is much more prevalent for people in the higher ranks of society to see greed and self interest as good pursuits says paul piff the head of the study conducted by the university of california at berkeley in one of the studies tests the researchers found that richer folks were more likely to cheat at an online game to win $50 in another fat cats driving luxury cars were more likely to cut off motorists at a 4 way intersection than drivers of cheaper vehicles one thing scientists did not find out was do people become wealthy because they break the rules or does having wealth make you lie in sheet says piff it seems like a vicious cycle now personally i i think i would be the exception to this rule in fact if you want to give me a non refundable $10000000 i would be happy to prove it mark wahlberg soared to the top of the world is highest paid actors on an annual forbes magazine poll wahlberg 46 earned an estimated $68000000 in 2017 thanks to his pay days for movies daddy is home and transformers the last night wow imagine what he might have made if he would actually been able to land good movies tiffany trump is recent roman holiday included a stay on a friend is yacht and over $100000 in car rental costs over $100000 in car rentals how does somebody do that when they are staying on a boat when nasa launched voyager one and voyager 2 deep into space 40 years ago each spacecraft brought along a golden record with sights and sounds from earth just in case any aliens were to stumble across it well now that record is being recreated in a box set for humans on earth and after seeing the list of songs chosen for those records it is completely understandable why aliens have decided not to visit us a british study claims that cats prefer spending time with humans over eating food on the flip side humans would rather spend time with food than with cats or with other humans for that matter if you bought any avocados on facebook they are probably stolen with local and global demand for avocados showing no sign of tapering off there have been dozens of nighttime raids on orchards in new zealand by thieves but while last year most of the stolen crops ended up in roadside fruit stands and small shops this year thieves have had to get more creative and they are taking their stolen wares to social media like facebook all right so maybe i am just out of the loop here but who does grocery shopping on facebook some white supremacists taking dna tests have discovered they are part black that is that has got to be awkward at the klan meetings just wait until it comes out that they are also lionel richie fans a new study finds that human brains are hard wired to gossip i did not realize the national enquirer conducted studies did you snack company kind dumped £45485 of sugar in times square on tuesday to spark conversation about how much added sugar children consumed on the plus side new york is rodent problem has just been solved by giving all of the rats diabetes 95 year old producer norman lear has been given the go ahead to produce a new series for nbc called guess who died well at 95 years old as anybody considered this might be his autobiography canada plans to legalize recreational marijuana in 2018 an official says prime minister justin trudeau is liberal government will introduce legislation this spring that is expected to become law by july of next year at which point everybody who said they would leave the us if trump got elected now have another reason to make good on that promise customers and employees of joe is crab shack were stunned last week to discover the restaurants closed with no warning the company has closed 41 restaurants so far man 1st it was radioshack now it is joe is crab shack i would be getting my resume updated if i work at the shake shack the man in germany was charged with theft and burglary after police said they found £93 of women is panties bras and other underwear at his home investigators believe the man took as many as 1500 undergarments from apartment complex laundry rooms before he was caught well i i guess everybody needs a hobby the next version of google is android software will be called oreo followed shortly thereafter by someone saying it is racist because we live in 2017 ufo experts say that california is the state with the most ufo sightings with all the plastic surgery they are the aliens are probably confused thinking california is their home planet a former computer programmer who got rich by rigging state lottery systems has been sentenced to prison he is assigned to sell numbers for 6 12 22 and read sell 81 the study finds that about a 3rd of new parents lose the equivalent of 2 months of sleep during their baby is 1st year and one in 5 parents said they lose more than 3 hours a night almost 3 full nights a week but even those of us without kids we still lose that much sleep usually from staying up late binge watching netflix in spain rocio cortez nunez delivered her 3rd child by c section at seville is balma hospital shortly after the delivery she was being wheeled from surgery to a recovery room and was in an elevator when sheer tragedy struck reportedly while the doors opened and shut the elevator did not move so the orderlies decided to try another elevator but as they were moving missus nunez out and with the doors open the elevator suddenly started going up the exact details have not been confirmed but reports from the bbc suggest that when the elevator started moving part of her body was outside the elevator and part was in and she was decapitated her newborn baby was not in the elevator with her during the accident which a regional health minister describes as quick unusual and tragic her family is demanding somebody be punished over the death believe it or not the elevator was reportedly serviced fewer than 10 days a hold the phone in person contact is the only type of interaction that beats depression oregon health and science university researchers studied data on 11000 plus adults ages 50 and over we have been asked how often they communicated with family and friends through get togethers calls letter and emails those who saw loved ones in person at least 3 times a week they had just a 6.5% chance of being diagnosed with clinical depression but those who got in person contact only every few months or less had 11.5% chance which all seems kind of strange to me because is not it typically dealing with your family that causes depression they may get incredible free health care not have to pay back student loans and a pension for life but even congressmen and congresswomen are held to the same standards as the rest of us when they break the law montana representative greg ian forte had lost his bid to avoid being booked photographed and fingerprinted for assaulting a reporter the day before he was elected last may judge rick west ordered sheehan forte to report to the gallatin county detention center to be booked for the assault charge by september 15th gian forte was never arrested and booked for the assault against guardian reporter ban jacobs on may 24th prosecutors filed the assault charge later that day and gian forte pleaded guilty in june however his attorneys argued that he should not have to be photographed and fingerprinted because he was never actually arrested but the judge shot that down of course gian forte would not want anybody to have a mugshot to use against him you know when he runs for re election next year being a nasty jerk at work pays off a joint study at cornell and notre dame universities seems to prove that the old saying nice guys finish last he is true especially in the workplace the researchers found that men who were less agreeable earned 18% more or an extra $10000 annually and similar types of lemmon averaged 5% more or nearly $2000 per year nice guys are getting the shaft declares cornell professor beth a livingston the problem as many managers do not realize they reward disagreeableness you know i wanted to show this to my boss in the hopes of him changing the way he treats me but i do not like confrontation police in germany have seized a stash of donald trump shaped ecstasy pills during a recent random traffic stop cops glanced inside a van and saw the 5000 pills which were pressed into the shape of the president is head all right wait a minute here this one looks like fred flintstone yeah i think some of these might be kids vitamins whether it is the result of a solid economy or simply generosity the tooth fairy is slipping a lot of money under pillows in exchange for baby teeth the nationwide average in 2016 was $4.66 per tooth up 19% from the $3.91 she gave in 2015 and up a staggering 93% from the $2.42 she gave in 2012 that is the word from the annual tooth fairy poll of 1588 parents nationwide conducted by delta dental which points to the busy fairies as a barometer of the stock market is overall direction and i was born in the wrong decade i only got a quarter from the tooth fairy for my lost molars ex cia operative valerie plame whose cover was blown during the george w bush administration she wants to buy twitter why just to get president trump thrown off of it and with that in mind she has started a gofundme page to buy a controlling interest in twitter in order to delete the president is account the company is currently worth about $12000000000 and so far she has got right around 53 bucks in her new book detailing her failed 2016 presidential campaign hillary clinton writes that while she kept her composure during their town hall debate when donald trump is talked her on stage and invaded her space she was thinking that the then gop candidate was a creep who made her skin crawl is not it great to learn she is not a sore loser the catholic priest has taken a leave of absence after revealing his past as a member of the kkk the klan and the priesthood now maybe he is not a white supremacist after all maybe he just really enjoys the feel of loose flowing garments a truck driver distracted by a gps unit crashed in arkansas and spilled a truckload of spaghetti sauce earlier this month in arkansas a tech car filled with bourbon crashed on an interstate and also this month in arkansas a truck accident left frozen pizzas scattered about so the lesson here is clear hang out on arkansas highways if you want to save money on your grocery bill if you are already an official weirdo please share this video on facebook twitter reddit and other social media to help get the word out if you would like to become an official weirdo simply click that subscribe button and the notification bell and while you are at it click that like button to let the world know that you are a weirdo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_s-ZcUDBVQ

Let us start looking at Pointwise convergence, Convergence of sequences of functions. Let us take a sequence f n, as a sequence of functions. Each f n is defined on X to R, so we say that f n converges pointwise to a function f such that X to R, if f n of x converges to f of x, for every x belonging X. So, at every point, you look at the value of the function f n that gives the sequence of real numbers and that converges to f of x. So, that is pointwise. That is same as saying, in terms of definition of convergence of sequences. That is for every epsilon bigger than 0, there exist some stage n which will depend on epsilon as well as on x. Such that mod of f n of x minus f of x is less than epsilon, for every n bigger than this number n of epsilon, x. So, at different points, the stage may be a different. We had looked at some examples last time. Example (i): the graph of the function, 0 to 1. Here is 1 by n. Look at the graph, you can start at 0 itself, does not matter where you start. So, you can go upto this point 1. Here you can go to minus 1, does not matter. So, this is the graph of the function. So, if that is your f n, then this f n converges to f and what is that f? f of x is equal to 1, if x is bigger than or equal to 1. If you are including 1 over n, then x is bigger than or equal to 0 and is equal to 0, if x is less than 0. So, that meant that f n converges to f x, for every x. Each f n is continuous but f is not continuous. We look at some other examples also. Example (ii): f n of x equal to Sin of n x divided by square root of n, where n bigger than or equal to 1. Then f n of x converges to f of x which is identically equal to 0, for every x. So, the function converges pointwise because sin is always bounded. Example (iii): This example is saying that, if I look at f n dash of x, it exists for every n. But f n dash of x is not convergent. I think I should need to change that. If we want ‘not convergent’ let us put square root of n here. Then the derivative will be square root of n into cos n x, which will be not be convergent. I am just repeating the examples that we have done last time. That essentially, says that f n differentiable need not imply f differentiable. I think so. Let me give you one more example of it. let us look at I gave one example last time let me give another one here. Look at rationales between 0 and 1. A be the set of x belonging to interval, 0, 1 such that x is a rational. Look at all the rational points between 0 and 1. A is a countable set. A is a countable set. So, A to be equal to r 1, r 2, and so on till r n and so on, give an enumeration of the rationales. , it is a countable set so call it r1, r2, rn We are not saying increasing or decreasing or anything, just enumeration of rationales. Define f n to be equal to the indicator function of the set r 1, r 2, upto r n. So, what does that mean? What is the meaning of indicator function? If you recall, that meant that f n of x is equal to 1, if x is equal to r 1, r 2, upto r n and is 0 otherwise. Of course, x is between so we are looking at this, in the interval as a function 0, 1 to R. So, look at This is a subset of interval 0, 1. Given a subset A which is a countable set of rationales in interval 0, 1. Define f n to be the indicator function of the rationales r 1 upto r n, in that enumeration and then each fn is integrable. Because each f n is a function which has only discontinuity at the points r 1, r 2, upto r n. Everywhere else is a constant function, 0. Only at this point, it’s the value is one. So, it has only jump discontinuities at these finite number of points. So, it is a finite number of discontinuities. So, f is integrable. Where does f n of x converge to? What is f of x? It is nothing but the it will be 1, if x is any one of the rationales r 1, r 2, r n. Otherwise it will be 0. So, it is the indicator function of, so let me write it is 0, it is 1 if x is equal to r n and 0 otherwise. So, it is the indicator function of the set A. And A is the set of all rationales in 0 and 1. So, what is the indicator function of rational mean? It is 1, at all rationales in 0, 1 and 0 at all irrational points. It is discontinuous everywhere and if you look at the upper sums or lower sums with-respect-to any partition, the upper sum will be equal to 1, the lower sum will be equal to 0. So, this function is not f. Each f n is integrable, f is not integrable. So, this very simple way of looking at convergence of sequences, namely at every point. Look at the sequence f n of x and look at the limit. If it exists, then you say function f n converges pointwise. So what these examples illustrate that pointwise convergence does not preserve continuity, does not preserve differentiability and does not preserve integrability. So, it is a reasonably bad way of looking at convergence of sequences. So, we would like to define a notion of convergence which is reasonably well behaved, that is called uniform convergence. So, let fn X to R be Let f n be such that X to R, be a sequence of functions, where n bigger than or equal to 1. We say f n the sequence fn converges uniformly to a function f on X to R, if we want something stronger than pointwise convergence. So, it says, if for every epsilon bigger than 0, there exist some stage n, which depends only on epsilon such that for every x belonging to x, mod of f n of x minus f of x is less than epsilon, for every n bigger than n epsilon. So, what we are saying is convergence of f n of x at any point brings it closer to f of x. And that closeness is not affected by the point x. Same stage works for all the points, so for every x, so for every x this is true. Let us look at some examples. Example (i): f n of x which was defined as sin n x divided by square root of n. So, x belonging to R. Claim: f n converges to f which is identically 0 uniformly. Note that, if I take f n of x minus f of x. So, what is that? That is identically 0, so it is equal to absolute value of sin n x divided by square root of n, which is less than or equal to 1 over square root of n. So, irrespective where is a point x, the distance between f n of x and f of x is always less than 1 over square root n. That implies given epsilon bigger than 0, we can choose say stage n epsilon, such that mod of f n of x minus f of x is less than or equal to or is less than epsilon, for every n bigger than n epsilon. Because we can choose, so given n epsilon, such that 1 over square root n is less than epsilon. So, choose n larger than so that 1 over square root of n is less than epsilon. Then this will imply that this is true. So, f n converges to f uniformly. There are many examples of functions which converge uniformly. Let us look at that, will give more examples later on. Note: What is meaning of saying, the sequence f n does not converge uniformly to f. All functions are X to R, f n is such that X to R and f is from X to R. So, once again I am trying to bring your attention to the point that, if you want to understand something is true, you should also understand when something is not true equally important to understand both ways. Let us write once again. f n converges to f uniformly meant it was equivalent to saying, for every epsilon bigger than 0, for every x belonging to X, there exist a stage n epsilon such that f n of x minus f of x is less than epsilon, for every n bigger than n naught or than n epsilon. So, what is f n not converging to f uniformly? So that is equivalent to saying, for every, we should change it to, so there exists epsilon bigger than 0, so that for every x, the statement is not true. And what is statement that is not true? There is a stage after which something is small, that should not happen. That means after every stage, I am able to find a point, where this thing goes back. So, that means there exists a sequence of points n k, natural numbers and there is a sequence x k of points in X such that mod of f n k is placed where things are going bad. So that is same as f n k of x k minus f of x k is bigger than or equal to epsilon. For every x, the same stage works so it does not work for x the same stage does not work. That means there are points, x k where this thing does not work. For every k, there is a point where this does not work. That means there is a stage n k such that mod of f of n k minus f of x k is not less than epsilon, it is bigger than or equal to epsilon. For every x, it does not happen. There is a sequence x k, for which things go bad. And what goes bad? Goes bad This is going bad. That means for every n, I am able to find some stage, after which the things go bad. So, that stage n k is for every k. So, mod of f n k of x k minus f of x k is not less than epsilon. Two things are going bad. Something was happening for every epsilon. For every epsilon that is taken care of for every x and for every n here. When things go bad that means there should be points where things are going bad. So that is at point x k. And for x k, what is going bad? Mod of f n of x k minus f of x k is not less than epsilon, for what n? At least, given every any stage, I can find something after which that is same as finding a sub- sequence x n k. So, this is what it means. Saying that, the sequence does not converge uniformly, this gives us a way of testing many. Something may not be converging uniformly. For example, I will take ordinary sequences of numbers saying that a sequence a n converges to a, that means what? a n comes closer to a after some stage. If a n is not converging to a, that means what? That means there is an epsilon such that whatever stage you give me, there is a something stage after which, so there is a sub- sequence so a and k. So, sequence not converging to a means there is at least one sub- sequence, which do not converge. But, here this was happening for every point also. There is a sequence of points, where things are also going bad. Thanks

let us start looking at pointwise convergence convergence of sequences of functions let us take a sequence f n as a sequence of functions each f n is defined on x to r so we say that f n converges pointwise to a function f such that x to r if f n of x converges to f of x for every x belonging x so at every point you look at the value of the function f n that gives the sequence of real numbers and that converges to f of x so that is pointwise that is same as saying in terms of definition of convergence of sequences that is for every epsilon bigger than 0 there exist some stage n which will depend on epsilon as well as on x such that mod of f n of x minus f of x is less than epsilon for every n bigger than this number n of epsilon x so at different points the stage may be a different we had looked at some examples last time example the graph of the function 0 to one here is one by n look at the graph you can start at 0 itself does not matter where you start so you can go upto this one here you can go to one does not matter so this is the graph of the function so if that is your f n then this f n converges to f and what is that f f of x is equal to one if x is bigger than or equal to one if you are including one over n then x is bigger than or equal to 0 and is equal to 0 if x is less than 0 so that meant that f n converges to f x for every x each f n is continuous but f is not continuous we look at some other examples also example f n of x equal to sin of n x divided by square root of n where n bigger than or equal to one then f n of x converges to f of x which is identically equal to 0 for every x so the function converges pointwise because sin is always bounded example this example is saying that if i look at f n dash of x it exists for every n but f n dash of x is not convergent i think i should need to change that if we want not convergent let us put square root of n here then the derivative will be square root of n into cos n x which will be not be convergent i am just repeating the examples that we have done last time that essentially says that f n differentiable need not imply f differentiable i think so let me give you one more example of it let us look at i gave one example last time let me give another one here look at rationales between 0 and one a be the set of x belonging to interval one such that x is a rational look at all the rational points between 0 and one a is a countable set a is a countable set so a to be equal to r one r 2 and so on till r n and so on give an enumeration of the rationales it is a countable set so call it r one r 2 rn we are not saying increasing or decreasing or anything just enumeration of rationales define f n to be equal to the indicator function of the set r one r 2 upto r n so what does that mean what is the meaning of indicator function if you recall that meant that f n of x is equal to one if x is equal to r one r 2 upto r n and is 0 otherwise of course x is between so we are looking at this in the interval as a function one to r so look at this is a subset of interval one given a subset a which is a countable set of rationales in interval one define f n to be the indicator function of the rationales r one upto r n in that enumeration and then each fn is integrable because each f n is a function which has only discontinuity at the points r one r 2 upto r n everywhere else is a constant function 0 only at this point it s the value is one so it has only jump discontinuities at these finite number of points so it is a finite number of discontinuities so f is integrable where does f n of x converge to what is f of x it is nothing but the it will be one if x is any one of the rationales r one r 2 r n otherwise it will be 0 so it is the indicator function of so let me write it is 0 it is one if x is equal to r n and 0 otherwise so it is the indicator function of the set a and a is the set of all rationales in 0 and one so what is the indicator function of rational mean it is one at all rationales in one and 0 at all irrational points it is discontinuous everywhere and if you look at the upper sums or lower sums with respect to any partition the upper sum will be equal to one the lower sum will be equal to 0 so this function is not f each f n is integrable f is not integrable so this very simple way of looking at convergence of sequences namely at every point look at the sequence f n of x and look at the limit if it exists then you say function f n converges pointwise so what these examples illustrate that pointwise convergence does not preserve continuity does not preserve differentiability and does not preserve integrability so it is a reasonably bad way of looking at convergence of sequences so we would like to define a notion of convergence which is reasonably well behaved that is called uniform convergence so let fn x to r be let f n be such that x to r be a sequence of functions where n bigger than or equal to one we say f n the sequence fn converges uniformly to a function f on x to r if we want something stronger than pointwise convergence so it says if for every epsilon bigger than 0 there exist some stage n which depends only on epsilon such that for every x belonging to x mod of f n of x minus f of x is less than epsilon for every n bigger than n epsilon so what we are saying is convergence of f n of x at any point brings it closer to f of x and that closeness is not affected by the point x same stage works for all the points so for every x so for every x this is true let us look at some examples example f n of x which was defined as sin n x divided by square root of n so x belonging to r claim f n converges to f which is identically 0 uniformly note that if i take f n of x minus f of x so what is that that is identically 0 so it is equal to absolute value of sin n x divided by square root of n which is less than or equal to one over square root of n so irrespective where is a point x the distance between f n of x and f of x is always less than one over square root n that implies given epsilon bigger than 0 we can choose say stage n epsilon such that mod of f n of x minus f of x is less than or equal to or is less than epsilon for every n bigger than n epsilon because we can choose so given n epsilon such that one over square root n is less than epsilon so choose n larger than so that one over square root of n is less than epsilon then this will imply that this is true so f n converges to f uniformly there are many examples of functions which converge uniformly let us look at that will give more examples later on note what is meaning of saying the sequence f n does not converge uniformly to f all functions are x to r f n is such that x to r and f is from x to r so once again i am trying to bring your attention to the point that if you want to understand something is true you should also understand when something is not true equally important to understand both ways let us write once again f n converges to f uniformly meant it was equivalent to saying for every epsilon bigger than 0 for every x belonging to x there exist a stage n epsilon such that f n of x minus f of x is less than epsilon for every n bigger than n naught or than n epsilon so what is f n not converging to f uniformly so that is equivalent to saying for every we should change it to so there exists epsilon bigger than 0 so that for every x the statement is not true and what is statement that is not true there is a stage after which something is small that should not happen that means after every stage i am able to find a point where this thing goes back so that means there exists a sequence of points n k natural numbers and there is a sequence x k of points in x such that mod of f n k is placed where things are going bad so that is same as f n k of x k minus f of x k is bigger than or equal to epsilon for every x the same stage works so it does not work for x the same stage does not work that means there are points x k where this thing does not work for every k there is a point where this does not work that means there is a stage n k such that mod of f of n k minus f of x k is not less than epsilon it is bigger than or equal to epsilon for every x it does not happen there is a sequence x k for which things go bad and what goes bad goes bad this is going bad that means for every n i am able to find some stage after which the things go bad so that stage n k is for every k so mod of f n k of x k minus f of x k is not less than epsilon 2 things are going bad something was happening for every epsilon for every epsilon that is taken care of for every x and for every n here when things go bad that means there should be points where things are going bad so that is at point x k and for x k what is going bad mod of f n of x k minus f of x k is not less than epsilon for what n at least given every any stage i can find something after which that is same as finding a sub sequence x n k so this is what it means saying that the sequence does not converge uniformly this gives us a way of testing many something may not be converging uniformly for example i will take ordinary sequences of numbers saying that a sequence a n converges to a that means what a n comes closer to a after some stage if a n is not converging to a that means what that means there is an epsilon such that whatever stage you give me there is a something stage after which so there is a sub sequence so a and k so sequence not converging to a means there is at least one sub sequence which do not converge but here this was happening for every point also there is a sequence of points where things are also going bad thanks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3RmmC9lhGE

g'day mate 40 here so i'm just thinking for everyone i know who's become more religious he's moved from uh secular to to religious i seem to know about 10 people who've moved from religious to less religious or secular or atheist so thinking about the seventh adventist kids i went to school with i grew up at seventh adventist colleges avondale college and pacific union college i went to seventh-day adventist schools uh through the end of eighth grade and out of the seventh adventist kids i grew up with it seems to me that ninety percent of them are no longer practicing adventists and uh other orthodox jews i know most of the kids that they went to yeshiva with are no longer orthodox jews so there seemed to be certain inevitable consequences from modernity that as societies become more modern they become less religious and that that means that less and less of life is explained or dealt with most effectively by religion so for example employers used to need religion to keep people moral keep people in line and then technology came along and so employers now have a pretty good way of keeping a handle on how productive you are and so they don't need religion to keep an eye on you because when you're at work when you're getting paid there's technology that monitors your performance so it used to be that employers look to religion to whip people into moral shape but now technology is doing that it used to be the people's primary identity was their religion but now for many people their primary identity is their hobby sailboat racing or it's their profession they're a surgeon or their you know a personal injury attorney or they're a marriage and family therapist so the modern world is increasingly divided into specialist occupations and specialist hobbies and people are increasingly separating themselves off to be with those who share their specialties so many of the things that people used to turn to religion for they now get their needs met more effectively elsewhere so it used to be that people turn to religion for a feeling of comfort life is painful you know life is hard and uh and so we need we need to feel good right much the reason that we do things is feelings right and there's nothing superior about thoughts compared to feelings right thoughts cause feelings and feelings cause thoughts and body tension or the lack thereof or bodily pain causes feelings and thoughts and feelings and thoughts cause bodily tension and bodily pain so they're all interacting with each other brave call by elliot blatt i think the kansas city chiefs will win the super bowl so it used to be the people got excitement from religion they'd go to church and it'd be a spectacular building with lots of gold and you know a dead man hanging on the cross and it'd be done in some mysterious language like latin and there'd be the sacred rights and it'd be the flesh and blood of christ now people get much of their excitement from watching sports from going to the movies right people used to turn to religion for a sense of meaning now people get meaning from the lord of the rings or from yoga or from a podcast or from the the new york times or from their book club so people used to turn to religion for relief from suffering now people turn to a good therapist or to psychedelics or to 12-step programs or there all the to to music like there are all these other ways that people satiate their pain and uh they find these other ways much more effective than than religion so how will religion sustain itself so i don't believe that religion is going to disappear in advanced industrialized nations but i think it's going to change form and effectively people will become less religious but people will turn to religion the things that they can't get outside of religion so for example i did kundalini yoga for a couple of years and i had some amazing transcendental experiences in kundalini yoga that just absolutely blew my mind so people go to kundalini yoga they get their mind blown they get a tent a sense of the divine or a sense of the the transcendent so i think people will turn to a religion that provides them with spiritual hires so for example pentecostals are doing really well people go to a pentecostal church and they have a genuine emotional experience at that church that shakes them up and it's an experience that they can't get elsewhere that you can't get at the pub and you can't get at a sports stadium and you can't get watching tv or listening to music that the pentecostals have got something bottled up this celebration style of christian worship that is increasingly gaining adherence and sucking people away from mainstream protestantism and mainstream uh catholicism because in the pentecostal religion you get a an experience and i think that's what people will turn to religion for going forward for experiences that they can't get elsewhere so it's no longer socially acceptable to racially religiously ethnically discriminate but you can join a particular religious group and your religious group and the community it forms will do the discrimination for you right religious religion is cool discrimination is not cool but if you allow your religion to do the discrimination for you then uh that's cool with everyone right so as a secular person it's really bad to be racist and ethnocentric and bigoted and homophobic and islamophobic but you can go join a traditional form of christianity or a traditional form of judaism then you can be as bigoted and discriminatory as you like but you can just couch it in religious terms oh we're just trying to create a sacred community here guys so when in the process of creating these sacred communities you get to do all the discrimination that is a secular person would be considered quite unacceptable also i suspect that uh there will become religious opportunities for for psychedelics and other drugs and and you know transcendental experiences and practices that are otherwise socially unacceptable so racial discrimination religious discrimination sexual orientation discrimination are illegal in this country but if you practice this practice them in the context of your religion you can usually get away with it you just have to be careful how you how you phrase things so it's unacceptable to be a bigot and a racist and islamophobic but if you do it in in the course of your religion then usually you can get away with that so i think many people will turn to religion to provide the solace and and the the closeness that uh traditional rural community provided so you want that small country town feeling where everybody's neighborly well you can get that at church you can get that at synagogue and for all i know you can get that at mosque and some other religious facilities so i think experiential highs maybe psychedelic highs maybe other types of drug highs experiential highs you know touching the transcendent uh and and getting to create a holy community right what religious people would call a holy community more more pragmatic people will simply call a community that licenses discrimination so uh are there shrooms in the synagogue well i think we're in the midst of some kind of psychedelic revolution and it increasingly looks like psychedelics will be approved for treatment of depression and other you know mental illnesses that eventually mdma and uh other of the psychedelics are going to be approved ketamine is approved for what to to knock people out for surgery but they're off label uses for for depression and so if if a drug is permitted for one thing it can increasingly be used for those off-label uses so yeah i think there are a lot of jews in the in the shroom revolution in the psychedelic revolution and i think you know religion will be a way to practice all sorts of things that are otherwise socially unacceptable so people will turn to religion when religion is providing them something that they can't get elsewhere such as close-knit community that that feeling of of rural good neighborliness folksiness you know recapture you know 18th century values you can get that in religion you can get transcendental experiences that you can't really get anywhere else that you can have a charismatic leader who you feel like connects you to to god and you can find that probably much more likely in in a religious setting than in a secular one so why why will people be religious in in the decades and centuries ahead to get things that they can't get elsewhere and so what can possibly religion provide that you can't get elsewhere and it's permission to do all sorts of things that you really want to do but if you give a secular explanation for what you're doing uh would be socially unacceptable but if you can dress them up in religious language religious concepts or within within religious community then it's cool so for example uh jews have often benefited from the high trust among jews so it made the made it easier to to do financial transactions and uh diamond transactions and special special gems and gold and you know other other sort of deals across across uh country lines because jews had a high trust so where can you go where people trust each other right you probably find more of those high trust communities in religion so in america there's a steady progression to less and less social trust less and less of a sense that we shared it share the same moral universe less and less coherence so in a society that is splintering where we feel less in common with each other where we have less trust in each other we will probably have more incentive to go join a group that restores coherence and social trust and probably the most effective way to develop and sustain these groups particularly over generations will be within the context of religion luke if you thought mushrooms would take you to the next level would you try them i'd be open to it so my natural inclination is very anti-drug including anti-psychedelics but there's so much research coming out about the positive effects of psychedelics that even though again goes against my natural inclinations uh maybe there'd be something there so i would not try something that had a significant uh downside so i would not try something that had no high risk of frying your brain doing permanent damage you know developing a nasty habit uh destroying your work ethic such as marijuana often seems to do judge says america is in a super hot reputational civil war well the more difficult times get the more likely people will turn to religion so let's say global warming is catastrophic and is going to happen in the next you know 10 years that the world as we know will be washed away because of climate change well in in that that kind of high pressure dower dire environment people understandably turn to religion so if we have you know more wars more environmental catastrophes more economic dislocation as life becomes harder people more likely to turn to religion so in australia from my two months in australia life seemed really really easy going and quite pleasant the most common the common australian sayings are she'll be right mate no worries mate no no walking furries no effing worries mate that's all right she'll be right right it's a it's a language of easy going i don't think i heard one angry word i don't think i heard one blaring car horn when i was in australia now i walk around in in beverly hills and i'm hearing car horns and anger luke if you were to try mushrooms would you do so alone or as part of a group i would do a lot a lot a lot of research and i talked to a lot of people and most likely i would do it as part of a group so i think you would have you know more beneficial healing experiences when you do them as a group rather than as alone because when you do things as a group and you're all on the same page you get tremendous emotional energy from it and you get connection to each other and out of connection always comes in ethic so you do things as a group you get energized you get connected and out of it becomes an ethic where you're going to be much more likely to look after each other so so if you do an event with other people it's much more likely to be powerful and to have a deeper impression on you as opposed to just doing it alone just says i take suggest taking a very low dose of cylo cybin that's a mushroom so yeah i'm nowhere close to doing mushrooms we're just talking theoretically here so the world is a much more complicated place than than i know and so i've got these these very knee-jerk very strong anti-drug reactions that have been kind of hammered into me from my seventh-day adventist upbringing but i increasingly see news articles about this coming psychedelic revolution or psychedelic revolutions already here and so if the evidence shows the various forms of psychedelics are doing a tremendous amount of good with you know very low downside then i have to accept truth from any source you

g day mate 40 here so i am just thinking for everyone i know who is become more religious he is moved from secular to to religious i seem to know about 10 people who have moved from religious to less religious or secular or atheist so thinking about the 7th adventist kids i went to school with i grew up at 7th adventist colleges avondale college and pacific union college i went to 7th day adventist schools through the end of 8th grade and out of the 7th adventist kids i grew up with it seems to me that 90% of them are no longer practicing adventists and other orthodox jews i know most of the kids that they went to yeshiva with are no longer orthodox jews so there seemed to be certain inevitable consequences from modernity that as societies become more modern they become less religious and that that means that less and less of life is explained or dealt with most effectively by religion so for example employers used to need religion to keep people moral keep people in line and then technology came along and so employers now have a pretty good way of keeping a handle on how productive you are and so they do not need religion to keep an eye on you because when you are at work when you are getting paid there is technology that monitors your performance so it used to be that employers look to religion to whip people into moral shape but now technology is doing that it used to be the people is primary identity was their religion but now for many people their primary identity is their hobby sailboat racing or it is their profession they are a surgeon or their you know a personal injury attorney or they are a marriage and family therapist so the modern world is increasingly divided into specialist occupations and specialist hobbies and people are increasingly separating themselves off to be with those who share their specialties so many of the things that people used to turn to religion for they now get their needs met more effectively elsewhere so it used to be that people turn to religion for a feeling of comfort life is painful you know life is hard and and so we need we need to feel good right much the reason that we do things is feelings right and there is nothing superior about thoughts compared to feelings right thoughts cause feelings and feelings cause thoughts and body tension or the lack thereof or bodily pain causes feelings and thoughts and feelings and thoughts cause bodily tension and bodily pain so they are all interacting with each other brave call by elliot blatt i think the kansas city chiefs will win the super bowl so it used to be the people got excitement from religion they would go to church and it would be a spectacular building with lots of gold and you know a dead man hanging on the cross and it would be done in some mysterious language like latin and there would be the sacred rights and it would be the flesh and blood of christ now people get much of their excitement from watching sports from going to the movies right people used to turn to religion for a sense of meaning now people get meaning from the lord of the rings or from yoga or from a podcast or from the the new york times or from their book club so people used to turn to religion for relief from suffering now people turn to a good therapist or to psychedelics or to 12 step programs or there all the to to music like there are all these other ways that people satiate their pain and they find these other ways much more effective than than religion so how will religion sustain itself so i do not believe that religion is going to disappear in advanced industrialized nations but i think it is going to change form and effectively people will become less religious but people will turn to religion the things that they can not get outside of religion so for example i did kundalini yoga for a couple of years and i had some amazing transcendental experiences in kundalini yoga that just absolutely blew my mind so people go to kundalini yoga they get their mind blown they get a tent a sense of the divine or a sense of the the transcendent so i think people will turn to a religion that provides them with spiritual hires so for example pentecostals are doing really well people go to a pentecostal church and they have a genuine emotional experience at that church that shakes them up and it is an experience that they can not get elsewhere that you can not get at the pub and you can not get at a sports stadium and you can not get watching tv or listening to music that the pentecostals have got something bottled up this celebration style of christian worship that is increasingly gaining adherence and sucking people away from mainstream protestantism and mainstream catholicism because in the pentecostal religion you get a an experience and i think that is what people will turn to religion for going forward for experiences that they can not get elsewhere so it is no longer socially acceptable to racially religiously ethnically discriminate but you can join a particular religious group and your religious group and the community it forms will do the discrimination for you right religious religion is cool discrimination is not cool but if you allow your religion to do the discrimination for you then that is cool with everyone right so as a secular person it is really bad to be racist and ethnocentric and bigoted and homophobic and islamophobic but you can go join a traditional form of christianity or a traditional form of judaism then you can be as bigoted and discriminatory as you like but you can just couch it in religious terms 0 we are just trying to create a sacred community here guys so when in the process of creating these sacred communities you get to do all the discrimination that is a secular person would be considered quite unacceptable also i suspect that there will become religious opportunities for for psychedelics and other drugs and and you know transcendental experiences and practices that are otherwise socially unacceptable so racial discrimination religious discrimination sexual orientation discrimination are illegal in this country but if you practice this practice them in the context of your religion you can usually get away with it you just have to be careful how you how you phrase things so it is unacceptable to be a bigot and a racist and islamophobic but if you do it in in the course of your religion then usually you can get away with that so i think many people will turn to religion to provide the solace and and the the closeness that traditional rural community provided so you want that small country town feeling where everybody is neighborly well you can get that at church you can get that at synagogue and for all i know you can get that at mosque and some other religious facilities so i think experiential highs maybe psychedelic highs maybe other types of drug highs experiential highs you know touching the transcendent and and getting to create a holy community right what religious people would call a holy community more more pragmatic people will simply call a community that licenses discrimination so are there shrooms in the synagogue well i think we are in the midst of some kind of psychedelic revolution and it increasingly looks like psychedelics will be approved for treatment of depression and other you know mental illnesses that eventually mdma and other of the psychedelics are going to be approved ketamine is approved for what to to knock people out for surgery but they are off label uses for for depression and so if if a drug is permitted for one thing it can increasingly be used for those off label uses so yeah i think there are a lot of jews in the in the shroom revolution in the psychedelic revolution and i think you know religion will be a way to practice all sorts of things that are otherwise socially unacceptable so people will turn to religion when religion is providing them something that they can not get elsewhere such as close knit community that that feeling of of rural good neighborliness folksiness you know recapture you know 18th century values you can get that in religion you can get transcendental experiences that you can not really get anywhere else that you can have a charismatic leader who you feel like connects you to to god and you can find that probably much more likely in in a religious setting than in a secular one so why why will people be religious in in the decades and centuries ahead to get things that they can not get elsewhere and so what can possibly religion provide that you can not get elsewhere and it is permission to do all sorts of things that you really want to do but if you give a secular explanation for what you are doing would be socially unacceptable but if you can dress them up in religious language religious concepts or within within religious community then it is cool so for example jews have often benefited from the high trust among jews so it made the made it easier to to do financial transactions and diamond transactions and special special gems and gold and you know other other sort of deals across across country lines because jews had a high trust so where can you go where people trust each other right you probably find more of those high trust communities in religion so in america there is a steady progression to less and less social trust less and less of a sense that we shared it share the same moral universe less and less coherence so in a society that is splintering where we feel less in common with each other where we have less trust in each other we will probably have more incentive to go join a group that restores coherence and social trust and probably the most effective way to develop and sustain these groups particularly over generations will be within the context of religion luke if you thought mushrooms would take you to the next level would you try them i would be open to it so my natural inclination is very anti drug including anti psychedelics but there is so much research coming out about the positive effects of psychedelics that even though again goes against my natural inclinations maybe there would be something there so i would not try something that had a significant downside so i would not try something that had no high risk of frying your brain doing permanent damage you know developing a nasty habit destroying your work ethic such as marijuana often seems to do judge says america is in a super hot reputational civil war well the more difficult times get the more likely people will turn to religion so let us say global warming is catastrophic and is going to happen in the next you know 10 years that the world as we know will be washed away because of climate change well in in that that kind of high pressure dower dire environment people understandably turn to religion so if we have you know more wars more environmental catastrophes more economic dislocation as life becomes harder people more likely to turn to religion so in australia from my 2 months in australia life seemed really really easy going and quite pleasant the most common the common australian sayings are she will be right mate no worries mate no no walking furries no effing worries mate that is all right she will be right right it is a it is a language of easy going i do not think i heard one angry word i do not think i heard one blaring car horn when i was in australia now i walk around in in beverly hills and i am hearing car horns and anger luke if you were to try mushrooms would you do so alone or as part of a group i would do a lot a lot a lot of research and i talked to a lot of people and most likely i would do it as part of a group so i think you would have you know more beneficial healing experiences when you do them as a group rather than as alone because when you do things as a group and you are all on the same page you get tremendous emotional energy from it and you get connection to each other and out of connection always comes in ethic so you do things as a group you get energized you get connected and out of it becomes an ethic where you are going to be much more likely to look after each other so so if you do an event with other people it is much more likely to be powerful and to have a deeper impression on you as opposed to just doing it alone just says i take suggest taking a very low dose of cylo cybin that is a mushroom so yeah i am nowhere close to doing mushrooms we are just talking theoretically here so the world is a much more complicated place than than i know and so i have got these these very knee jerk very strong anti drug reactions that have been kind of hammered into me from my 7th day adventist upbringing but i increasingly see news articles about this coming psychedelic revolution or psychedelic revolutions already here and so if the evidence shows the various forms of psychedelics are doing a tremendous amount of good with you know very low downside then i have to accept truth from any source you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnqjD-WhzDY

Conrad's star guard as the protagonist and title character in a series of time-travel novels written by the Polish American writer Leo Frank offski in them a Polish engineer named Conrad Schwartz has sent back in time to the 13th century where he has to establish himself and cope with various crises including the eventual Mongol invasion of Poland in 1240 the character of Conrad has at times been described as a Mary Sue and some aspects of the novels can be looked at as authorial wish-fulfillment in response to this criticism in an early draft of the first book Frank off ski modified the character to have the opposite traits as himself such as Conrad's socialism and devout Catholicism topic the books the series originally consisted of four books with a fifth released shortly after to wrap up loose ends the cross time engineer the high tech Knight the radiant warrior the flying warlord Lord Conrad's lady all of the original books were originally published by Del Rey books and released by Bane books in later runs in late 2005 Franco skee self-published Lord Conrad's crusade after a dispute with Bane the final book in the series Conrad's last campaign was published in 2014 eight years after the author's death Franco ski also wrote two books set in the same universe as the original series but not featuring the main character Conrad Conrad's quest for rubber a story about group of soldiers known as the explorer Corps and their mission to the Americas Conrad's time machine a novel about Conrad's cousins and his associates invention of the time machine that stranded Conrad the 13th century the Conrad star guard books belong to the sub-genre started by Mark Twain's classic a Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court in which a modern person goes back in time and anachronistically introduces various modern technical innovations and social institutions centuries sooner than happened in our history the star guard books differ significantly from Twain's concept in having a diametrically opposite role for the Catholic Church the staunchly free thinking Twain assigned to the medieval church the role of strongly opposing his protagonists innovations and doing all in its power to undo them on the contrary Frank offski of a Polish Catholic background provided his own time traveler from the very moment of arrival in the past with a friendly and sympathetic clergyman who steadily rises in the church hierarchy and ensures that the church adopts a benevolently neutral attitude to Conrad's various enterprises considerably helping their success topic general plot overview unlike Twain's Yankee who ultimately failed and saw all his efforts come to naught Conrad's star guard as eminently successful in creating a new timeline in which a technologically advanced Poland becomes the dominant power in 13th century Europe and star guard himself as the most powerful man in Poland though he chooses not to dethrone the king one crucial difference is that in the depiction of the staunchly atheist Twain the Catholic Church as dead set against the interloper from the future and all his works and it is the clergy which ultimately plays a major role in his downfall conversely immediately upon his arrival in the past Conrad star guard meets and befriends a sympathetic Franciscan who later on Rises fast in the church hierarchy parallel to star guards own climb to eminence and who ensures that the church would welcome the Time Traveler's new order and gain some considerable advantages to itself in the process however their official Inquisition regarding Conrad to decide if he as an agent of God or an agent of the devil never gets anywhere due to the church's excruciatingly ly slow bureaucracy topic the crosstime engineer the main character Conrad star guard as a Polish engineer from the year 1986 after getting drunk and falling asleep in a time machine he is transported back in time to the year 1231 Conrad familiar with Poland's history knows that in 10 years the Mongols will arrive and kill most of the population of Europe after befriending a local monk and a failed attempt at becoming a scribe he takes a job as a bodyguard to a merchant due to his skill at arms and mercy in saving the infant of bandits he had slain he impresses the local count count Lambert it is discovered at this point that Conrad's amazing warhorse and superb weapons were all planted by his distant cousin who invented the time machines and wished to help Conrad however due to causality Conrad cannot be simply removed from the past but he can be assisted after improving count Lambert's industrial base by building a cloth factory and multi-purpose windmill Conrad has eventually granted land on which he can build his industrial base to defend Poland topic the high-tech night this book details the travails that occur as Conrad attempts to establish the industrial base that he will need for his planned defense of Poland he also establishes the 13th century equivalent to the Playboy Club builds a new city gains several new lovers and elevates his status in the ruling hierarchy of the country topic the radiant warrior the third book deals with Conrad's establishment of an official Polish army using 20th century training techniques he learned during his service as an officer in the Polish Air Force by the end of the book he has been elevated from knight to Baron topic the flying warlord this book covers the four years prior to Mongol invasion Conrad begins a relationship with countess Francine the French born paramour of the murdered Duke Henrik he establishes a riverboat Navy and an Air Force Lambert tries to force Conrad to marry his daughter threatening to strip him of his lands and title if he refuses discussed it conrad decides to leave poland and travel alone to france he stops to visit francine who convinces him to marry her and resume his position after the wedding a council of war is called by young duke henrik son of the murdered Duke count Conrad disagrees with the Dukes battle plans as they would require him to abandon his own lands and withdraw west to Legnica where his infantry could not maneuver effectively without the steamboats and railroads he built other lords of Poland's eastern lands are likewise opposed the Dukes idea but to disobey would be high treason Conrad ends up fighting the war by himself after returning to the warriors school to finish preparations for the war he enlists the aid of count Lambert the commander of Eagle Nest where they have created scout aircraft in his treason Lambert readily agrees believing Conrad to be answering to a higher authority the war starts with the Battle of the Vistula and finishes with the slaughter of the Mongols at the Battle of Sand Amir's apparently ending the war and also ending the book topic Lord Conrad's lady the fifth book serves to tie up loose ends from the flying warlord Conrad has successfully defeated the Mongols but must now piece together the various parts of Poland although he keeps refining his technological advances the majority of his time is spent establishing Poland as the primary social economic technological and military country of the region and soon to be the world political intrigue abounds as various factions including his wife tried to chart the best course for Poland topic Conrad's quest for a rubber this book is from the point of view of a new character yoseop sobieski yoseop as a young man enrolled with Conrad's Explorer Corps whose purpose is to explore new lands in order to find new materials for Conrad's modernization of Europe mainly rubber this book primarily revolves around yoseop explorations in both the Arctic Circle and the Amazon River topic Konrad's time machine prequel to the series loosely gives the story of how the time machine was invented and used topic Lord Conrad's crusade Konrad goes on vacation ends up shipwrecked in North Africa and enslaved he discovers his uncle did more of a tune-up than believed when he got his physical and his Christian army uses his disappearance as an excuse to invade Africa and eventually the Holy Lands and find him topic Konrad's last campaign the Mongols are overdue so Conrad takes the war to them

conrad is star guard as the protagonist and title character in a series of time travel novels written by the polish american writer leo frank offski in them a polish engineer named conrad schwartz has sent back in time to the 13th century where he has to establish himself and cope with various crises including the eventual mongol invasion of poland in 1240 the character of conrad has at times been described as a mary sue and some aspects of the novels can be looked at as authorial wish fulfillment in response to this criticism in an early draft of the 1st book frank off ski modified the character to have the opposite traits as himself such as conrad is socialism and devout catholicism topic the books the series originally consisted of 4 books with a 5th released shortly after to wrap up loose ends the cross time engineer the high tech knight the radiant warrior the flying warlord lord conrad is lady all of the original books were originally published by del rey books and released by bane books in later runs in late 2005 franco skee self published lord conrad is crusade after a dispute with bane the final book in the series conrad is last campaign was published in 20148 years after the author is death franco ski also wrote 2 books set in the same universe as the original series but not featuring the main character conrad conrad is quest for rubber a story about group of soldiers known as the explorer corps and their mission to the americas conrad is time machine a novel about conrad is cousins and his associates invention of the time machine that stranded conrad the 13th century the conrad star guard books belong to the sub genre started by mark twain is classic a connecticut yankee in king arthur is court in which a modern person goes back in time and anachronistically introduces various modern technical innovations and social institutions centuries sooner than happened in our history the star guard books differ significantly from twain is concept in having a diametrically opposite role for the catholic church the staunchly free thinking twain assigned to the medieval church the role of strongly opposing his protagonists innovations and doing all in its power to undo them on the contrary frank offski of a polish catholic background provided his own time traveler from the very moment of arrival in the past with a friendly and sympathetic clergyman who steadily rises in the church hierarchy and ensures that the church adopts a benevolently neutral attitude to conrad is various enterprises considerably helping their success topic general plot overview unlike twain is yankee who ultimately failed and saw all his efforts come to naught conrad is star guard as eminently successful in creating a new timeline in which a technologically advanced poland becomes the dominant power in 13th century europe and star guard himself as the most powerful man in poland though he chooses not to dethrone the king one crucial difference is that in the depiction of the staunchly atheist twain the catholic church as dead set against the interloper from the future and all his works and it is the clergy which ultimately plays a major role in his downfall conversely immediately upon his arrival in the past conrad star guard meets and befriends a sympathetic franciscan who later on rises fast in the church hierarchy parallel to star guards own climb to eminence and who ensures that the church would welcome the time traveler is new order and gain some considerable advantages to itself in the process however their official inquisition regarding conrad to decide if he as an agent of god or an agent of the devil never gets anywhere due to the church is excruciatingly ly slow bureaucracy topic the crosstime engineer the main character conrad star guard as a polish engineer from the year 1986 after getting drunk and falling asleep in a time machine he is transported back in time to the year 1231 conrad familiar with poland is history knows that in 10 years the mongols will arrive and kill most of the population of europe after befriending a local monk and a failed attempt at becoming a scribe he takes a job as a bodyguard to a merchant due to his skill at arms and mercy in saving the infant of bandits he had slain he impresses the local count count lambert it is discovered at this point that conrad is amazing warhorse and superb weapons were all planted by his distant cousin who invented the time machines and wished to help conrad however due to causality conrad cannot be simply removed from the past but he can be assisted after improving count lambert is industrial base by building a cloth factory and multi purpose windmill conrad has eventually granted land on which he can build his industrial base to defend poland topic the high tech night this book details the travails that occur as conrad attempts to establish the industrial base that he will need for his planned defense of poland he also establishes the 13th century equivalent to the playboy club builds a new city gains several new lovers and elevates his status in the ruling hierarchy of the country topic the radiant warrior the 3rd book deals with conrad is establishment of an official polish army using 20th century training techniques he learned during his service as an officer in the polish air force by the end of the book he has been elevated from knight to baron topic the flying warlord this book covers the 4 years prior to mongol invasion conrad begins a relationship with countess francine the french born paramour of the murdered duke henrik he establishes a riverboat navy and an air force lambert tries to force conrad to marry his daughter threatening to strip him of his lands and title if he refuses discussed it conrad decides to leave poland and travel alone to france he stops to visit francine who convinces him to marry her and resume his position after the wedding a council of war is called by young duke henrik son of the murdered duke count conrad disagrees with the dukes battle plans as they would require him to abandon his own lands and withdraw west to legnica where his infantry could not maneuver effectively without the steamboats and railroads he built other lords of poland is eastern lands are likewise opposed the dukes idea but to disobey would be high treason conrad ends up fighting the war by himself after returning to the warriors school to finish preparations for the war he enlists the aid of count lambert the commander of eagle nest where they have created scout aircraft in his treason lambert readily agrees believing conrad to be answering to a higher authority the war starts with the battle of the vistula and finishes with the slaughter of the mongols at the battle of sand amir is apparently ending the war and also ending the book topic lord conrad is lady the 5th book serves to tie up loose ends from the flying warlord conrad has successfully defeated the mongols but must now piece together the various parts of poland although he keeps refining his technological advances the majority of his time is spent establishing poland as the primary social economic technological and military country of the region and soon to be the world political intrigue abounds as various factions including his wife tried to chart the best course for poland topic conrad is quest for a rubber this book is from the point of view of a new character yoseop sobieski yoseop as a young man enrolled with conrad is explorer corps whose purpose is to explore new lands in order to find new materials for conrad is modernization of europe mainly rubber this book primarily revolves around yoseop explorations in both the arctic circle and the amazon river topic konrad is time machine prequel to the series loosely gives the story of how the time machine was invented and used topic lord conrad is crusade konrad goes on vacation ends up shipwrecked in north africa and enslaved he discovers his uncle did more of a tune up than believed when he got his physical and his christian army uses his disappearance as an excuse to invade africa and eventually the holy lands and find him topic konrad is last campaign the mongols are overdue so conrad takes the war to them

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_vIutl70kc

[Music] this picture shows a girl a couple of girls standing inside a metallic cage and somebody is trying to electrocute them using lightning and nothing seems to be happening to them she seems happy why now if you're thinking hey maybe the electricity is not much over here maybe it's a very tiny spark well the same effect can be reproduced using you know millions of volts lightning which produced due to millions of volts of potential difference using what we call tesla coils and you can see the same effect people inside a cage lightning is striking that cage but nothing happens to them why well metallic cages are basically conductors so let's explore how conductors deal with electric fields and maybe we'll be able to answer this question by the end of the video say we have a positive charge kept somewhere in space and close to it we're going to keep a spherical conductor imagine a metallic sphere with a hole inside of it with a cavity inside and let's say it's neutral the question now is if we are in electrostatic conditions meaning there are no moving charges how would the electric field change due to the presence of this conductor we can begin by asking why should the electric field even change because we have kept a conductor now well here's the thing conductors have free electrons inside of them and so if you consider a free electron somewhere over here because there's an electric field it's going to put a force on this electron because it's negative the force would be in the opposite direction of the field direction and as a result this electron would start moving but we said hey we want to be in electrostatic condition which means this cannot be in electrostatic conditions in this condition electrons will start moving so again the question is if no electrons are moving how the field look like can you pause the video at this point and try to give it a shot try to think about how the new field would look like all right so if we don't want any electrons to move the condition is simple there shouldn't be any electric field inside the conductor so in electrostatic situation the field inside the conductor must be zero so we can go ahead and we can delete the field inside so let me just rub this field so the field inside must be zero then and only then this electron will electrons inside the conductor will no longer experience a force and this is nothing special there's nothing special about a spherical conductor this has to be true for any conductor which means we can now go ahead and write a general conclusion in electrostatic conditions electric field inside any conductor must be zero but you could ask well what exactly is happening what's happening to that electric field and well here's how i like to think about it we now we've already seen these electrons are gonna when there was a field over here the electrons start migrating towards the positive charge and as a result they end up coming somewhere over here they can't move outside the conductor because it's an insulator imagine it's vacuum so they'll all get migrated somewhere over here so all our negative charge will get accumulated over here and because this is a neutral conductor if the negative charge is accumulated over here it must have left a positive charge somewhere and whenever there's a positive charge more electrons would just keep accumulating eventually there will be a positive charge somewhere on the outer surface of this conductor somewhere like this so that the total charge on the conductor must still be zero charge conservation we cannot create or destroy charges and because of this positive and negative separation they are now going to start producing producing their own field they're going to start producing a field inside let me use a different color for that let's say i'm going to use blue to represent the field that they have generated so they might generate a positive negative field that would look like this and guess what this field the internal field exactly matches and cancels with the external field and because of that the total field goes to zero now you may ask how do you know that it exactly matches well it has to because if it didn't if it didn't exactly match and it didn't go to zero electrons would still be moving so think of it this way the electrons will keep moving until the electric field generated inside matches and cancels out with the electric field from the outside making sure that the net electric field inside the conductor has to be zero beautiful right so is this how our electric field is going to look like no not really we're still not done yet and things are going to get more interesting now now think about this because electric field everywhere is zero this means that our entire conductor must be an equipotential surface meaning that every single point on the surface or inside the surface inside the conductor should have the exact same potential now again i want you to pause the video and think a little bit about why should this be the case why if we say electric field is zero it should be an equipotential surface can you make try and make that link yourself all right here's how i like to think about it consider any two points on this conductor maybe say one point inside over here maybe another point inside the cavity somewhere over here now imagine you have to take a you know a charge from point a to point b in doing so how much work would you do well think about it there is no electric field inside if there's no electric field inside you don't have to do any work against the electric field which means you do zero work and that should be true for any two points so let me write that down this means the work done in moving any charge between any two random points a and b should be zero in other words potential at a must be exactly equal to potential at b and a and b can be any two points on the surface inside inside the cavity any two points because there are no electric fields and what does that mean that means the potential everywhere must be the same meaning our entire conductor is an equipotential surface so another interesting thing we see is that in electrostatic conditions conductors the entire conductor must be an equipotential again nothing special about spherical conductors over here all conductors should obey this rule but you may ask okay how does that affect our electric field well remember one property of an equipotential surface these surfaces must always always be perpendicular to electric field and if you're wondering why should this be the case we've spoken about this in great great detail in a previous video on equipotential surfaces so feel free to go back and check that out but here's the thing over here if you look now this means that all these field lines which are touching our conductor must be perpendicular to the surface and they're not over here also notice they are not perpendicular this angle this angle these are not perpendicular so somehow the field lines must change must bend to ensure this is true everywhere on the surface so again can you pause the video now for one last time and think about you know try to draw a sketch of what this would look like all right here we go so the field lines must bend in such a way as to they are perpendicular at every point they are meeting the conductor and so if you look at this this means that this conductor is sort of like sucking the electric field and that's why even these field lines are going to sort of sort of like bend towards their conductor because they can sort of like getting sucked look at how complicated this situation has quickly gotten but we now understand that we understand why this has to be true because it's an equipotential surface because of some basic rules that that we had learned earlier now let's see if we can answer the original question imagine this field was incredibly strong and there was air over here in such cases you can get lightning and we'll talk more about how that happens and all that fun stuff in the future videos but let's say there is this lightning strike happens now where will that lightning go can it enter inside the conductor well remember lightning is basically charges moving in an electric field now if there is no electric field inside a conductor the charges will not move inside the conductor so what will happen is that these you know these elect these electrons or these charges will find a way to go through the surface and eventually somehow go into the ground this means if there was somebody standing inside the conductor and let's say she was touching touching the inner surface she will not be electrocuted by that lightning now here it doesn't look so dramatic because it's a thick conductor but the same thing would work even if it was an incredibly thin conductor that's exactly what's happening over here this is a completely a closed conductor electric fields cannot penetrate inside this conductor because of which when she's touching the inner surface the lightning cannot enter the surface and that's why she's not getting electrocuted this effect is called electrostatic shielding because as you can see the inner surface is shielded the shielded from the outer electrostatics and this was first discovered by michael faraday and so a closed metallic conductor is often also called a faraday gauge so we would say that these girls are standing inside a faraday cage which is shielding them from the outside electrostatics and that's why they're not getting electrocuted this is also the reason why airplanes can get struck by lightning and nothing will happen to the inside because an entire aeroplane is a metallic body it acts like a faraday cage and therefore lightning will not penetrate in most cases even when the lightning strikes an aeroplane nothing it doesn't damage it doesn't do any damage

this picture shows a girl a couple of girls standing inside a metallic cage and somebody is trying to electrocute them using lightning and nothing seems to be happening to them she seems happy why now if you are thinking hey maybe the electricity is not much over here maybe it is a very tiny spark well the same effect can be reproduced using you know 1000000s of volts lightning which produced due to 1000000s of volts of potential difference using what we call tesla coils and you can see the same effect people inside a cage lightning is striking that cage but nothing happens to them why well metallic cages are basically conductors so let us explore how conductors deal with electric fields and maybe we will be able to answer this question by the end of the video say we have a positive charge kept somewhere in space and close to it we are going to keep a spherical conductor imagine a metallic sphere with a hole inside of it with a cavity inside and let us say it is neutral the question now is if we are in electrostatic conditions meaning there are no moving charges how would the electric field change due to the presence of this conductor we can begin by asking why should the electric field even change because we have kept a conductor now well here is the thing conductors have free electrons inside of them and so if you consider a free electron somewhere over here because there is an electric field it is going to put a force on this electron because it is negative the force would be in the opposite direction of the field direction and as a result this electron would start moving but we said hey we want to be in electrostatic condition which means this cannot be in electrostatic conditions in this condition electrons will start moving so again the question is if no electrons are moving how the field look like can you pause the video at this and try to give it a shot try to think about how the new field would look like all right so if we do not want any electrons to move the condition is simple there should not be any electric field inside the conductor so in electrostatic situation the field inside the conductor must be 0 so we can go ahead and we can delete the field inside so let me just rub this field so the field inside must be 0 then and only then this electron will electrons inside the conductor will no longer experience a force and this is nothing special there is nothing special about a spherical conductor this has to be true for any conductor which means we can now go ahead and write a general conclusion in electrostatic conditions electric field inside any conductor must be 0 but you could ask well what exactly is happening what is happening to that electric field and well here is how i like to think about it we now we have already seen these electrons are going to when there was a field over here the electrons start migrating towards the positive charge and as a result they end up coming somewhere over here they can not move outside the conductor because it is an insulator imagine it is vacuum so they will all get migrated somewhere over here so all our negative charge will get accumulated over here and because this is a neutral conductor if the negative charge is accumulated over here it must have left a positive charge somewhere and whenever there is a positive charge more electrons would just keep accumulating eventually there will be a positive charge somewhere on the outer surface of this conductor somewhere like this so that the total charge on the conductor must still be 0 charge conservation we cannot create or destroy charges and because of this and negative separation they are now going to start producing producing their own field they are going to start producing a field inside let me use a different color for that let us say i am going to use blue to represent the field that they have generated so they might generate a negative field that would look like this and guess what this field the internal field exactly matches and cancels with the external field and because of that the total field goes to 0 now you may ask how do you know that it exactly matches well it has to because if it did not if it did not exactly match and it did not go to 0 electrons would still be moving so think of it this way the electrons will keep moving until the electric field generated inside matches and cancels out with the electric field from the outside making sure that the net electric field inside the conductor has to be 0 beautiful right so is this how our electric field is going to look like no not really we are still not done yet and things are going to get more interesting now now think about this because electric field everywhere is 0 this means that our entire conductor must be an equipotential surface meaning that every single point on the surface or inside the surface inside the conductor should have the exact same potential now again i want you to pause the video and think a little bit about why should this be the case why if we say electric field is 0 it should be an equipotential surface can you make try and make that link yourself all right here is how i like to think about it consider any 2 points on this conductor maybe say one point inside over here maybe another point inside the cavity somewhere over here now imagine you have to take a you know a charge from point a to point b in doing so how much work would you do well think about it there is no electric field inside if there is no electric field inside you do not have to do any work against the electric field which means you do 0 work and that should be true for any 2 points so let me write that down this means the work done in moving any charge between any 2 random points a and b should be 0 in other words potential at a must be exactly equal to potential at b and a and b can be any 2 points on the surface inside inside the cavity any 2 points because there are no electric fields and what does that mean that means the potential everywhere must be the same meaning our entire conductor is an equipotential surface so another interesting thing we see is that in electrostatic conditions conductors the entire conductor must be an equipotential again nothing special about spherical conductors over here all conductors should obey this rule but you may ask okay how does that affect our electric field well remember one property of an equipotential surface these surfaces must always always be perpendicular to electric field and if you are wondering why should this be the case we have spoken about this in great great detail in a previous video on equipotential surfaces so feel free to go back and check that out but here is the thing over here if you look now this means that all these field lines which are touching our conductor must be perpendicular to the surface and they are not over here also notice they are not perpendicular this angle this angle these are not perpendicular so somehow the field lines must change must bend to ensure this is true everywhere on the surface so again can you pause the video now for one last time and think about you know try to draw a sketch of what this would look like all right here we go so the field lines must bend in such a way as to they are perpendicular at every point they are meeting the conductor and so if you look at this this means that this conductor is sort of like sucking the electric field and that is why even these field lines are going to sort of sort of like bend towards their conductor because they can sort of like getting sucked look at how complicated this situation has quickly gotten but we now understand that we understand why this has to be true because it is an equipotential surface because of some basic rules that that we had learned earlier now let us see if we can answer the original question imagine this field was incredibly strong and there was air over here in such cases you can get lightning and we will talk more about how that happens and all that fun stuff in the future videos but let us say there is this lightning strike happens now where will that lightning go can it enter inside the conductor well remember lightning is basically charges moving in an electric field now if there is no electric field inside a conductor the charges will not move inside the conductor so what will happen is that these you know these elect these electrons or these charges will find a way to go through the surface and eventually somehow go into the ground this means if there was somebody standing inside the conductor and let us say she was touching touching the inner surface she will not be electrocuted by that lightning now here it does not look so dramatic because it is a thick conductor but the same thing would work even if it was an incredibly thin conductor that is exactly what is happening over here this is a completely a closed conductor electric fields cannot penetrate inside this conductor because of which when she is touching the inner surface the lightning cannot enter the surface and that is why she is not getting electrocuted this effect is called electrostatic shielding because as you can see the inner surface is shielded the shielded from the outer electrostatics and this was 1st discovered by michael faraday and so a closed metallic conductor is often also called a faraday gauge so we would say that these girls are standing inside a faraday cage which is shielding them from the outside electrostatics and that is why they are not getting electrocuted this is also the reason why airplanes can get struck by lightning and nothing will happen to the inside because an entire airplane is a metallic body it acts like a faraday cage and therefore lightning will not penetrate in most cases even when the lightning strikes an airplane nothing it does not damage it does not do any damage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnZD5Fi0VJM

okay hi everybody welcome welcome to the meet you question the English version and Charlene Lavallee uh the shot is in the last engine so Charlene will start with you and can you give us a little bit of your bio and your background and the Michi community so my name is Charlene lavalli I'm the president of the newly revived amnestist um amnesty stands for Association um off Reserve non-status and um any metis in the province of Saskatchewan um we were active with a cap which was the Coalition of Aboriginal people in Saskatchewan and at our annual our AGA in August of this year we decided to revive the cap uh name and the reason revived the cap name from amp from cap to amethyst and the reason we decided to do that is because omnisys was a very powerful organization in its day and it's had some really incredible leaders um who were really motivated and really fought for the people in Saskatchewan and a lot of why we're we moved towards amnestis and and what what how we see things is it's all about kinship it's not about well you're you know a c31 or an S6 or you know it's it's we're all kin and that's across the board like you know somewhere along the line I had a First Nations great grandmother and and all those kind of wonderful things and um I've got some relatives on the reserve and some not on the reserve I've got status grandchildren I've got metis grandchildren and I've got non-status grandchildren so all the divisions that are created our government introduced and their colonial systems and that's why we're moving away from that because we don't we've never been consulted we've never agreed to it and we are looking at a more family kinship oriented indigenized organization that is established by the indigenous people and and um that's who we work for can you um a little bit about myself sorry Dan a little bit about myself I'm um I live at batosh Saskatchewan um my grandmother was raised here and uh both my parents are metis and from from Saskatchewan and we can trace our ancestry back to the 1600s in Quebec on both sides of the family so I I support the the the metis in Quebec and uh in in Eastern Canada and um and I guess that's part of the reason why you know why why I'm here both of your background or bio as far as application yeah okay um I want to say that uh I agreed with uh Charlene and Brock for the world and first of all I would like to I said as I said last week you know uh I hope you will pardon me for my dad in English and uh you'll maybe forget me if something sometimes I consult some note to get not lost okay thank you my name is Richard Alvey and uh I'm president of the board of the center there community of metis and offers of status and non-status virgin people from Lexington we are located about uh 300 miles north of Quebec City okay I've been a militant for about the original cause for more than 30 years and a member of Alliance Quebec since about 20 years okay and I've been a member of the national born of lalian Quebec since January to September 2020. but I resigned I resigned in September because the because of the dispute within the executive board concerning the fate of the beaches of Quebec and particularly of them is just members of La Lions Quebec uh I am here with everyone to signify my support for this Mutual recognition between between Mars between Quebec Museum [Music] and yes I support this Mutual recognition of all images of the country without distinction without exception I think okay thanks a lot to Michelle uh Charlene uh can you explain that you elected uh president of the Saskatchewan I think you touched our bit on it before the Congress and why the name change uh why did not stay the same and why the name changed what how did it happen and why um there's been a majority I would say a majority of our our board of directors on amnestys are um members and both of them are off reserve and there's been talk for quite a while about Reviving amethyst Lots from the metis community from people who have been disgruntled with the metis nation of Saskatchewan so there's been that discussion for a while and and like I said earlier there's um there's lots that have you know family members and they can't be part of the same organizations so um so that and and just because amethyst was always so well recognized and um worked so hard for the people and we we wanted to really bring that back because it just seems like we don't even really see that much anymore just everybody all are um indigenous leadership is seems very complacent and very eager to make deals and deals that we know nothing about we aren't informed about them um well enough anyways and that that the the duty to consult all this stuff is going on and we're that the Grassroots people don't know anything and our organizations are starting to look exactly like colonial government organizations and you know it's just um it's time for some change it's time for some some good Grassroots and movements and okay to stir things up a bit that's right uh the other way the other thing is this is the follow-up question with what we're just talking about you know in the last little while you had an agreement with uh and you touched on it a little bit Yeah form an agree the vision behind it and the understanding of this pact and can you explain a little bit about that well I was I was trying to to find it and and just refresh my memory on it a bit but for me personally to this more is is just that we support the metis in Quebec and that that they are there and that we recognize them and that they are not race shifters as the new coin phrase that's out there and um the whole there's a whole movement right now stating that there's no metis in the East which is you know it's as far as I'm concerned that's a whole government bought and paid for um agenda because if they can discount every metis person in eastern in Eastern Canada then that's a loss a lot less people that the government are going to be responsible for because with the Daniels case it recognizes metis in the Constitution and uh so that would include me too and and in the in the case it says that it's all across Canada so and now the government of course is trying to to pull the wall and say well nope there's no metis in Eastern Canada this one was done although Rob go ahead yes I would like just to say just just to say that not only democracy but tradition tradition yeah yeah and uh and and I don't know I I cannot imagine that somebody oppose it like uh we heard about it you know about uh some ptos uh in in eastern didn't approve the pact so I approved that in the majority of the meaty of Quebec approved that it's a reality you know and uh that's why uh attend the pack witness with the amsys yes he says that answers yes in Saskatchewan and uh I'm proud of it yeah uh we talked about the uh racism and talked about uh some bashing that was going on uh in your opinion can that be addressed and how can that be changed Charlene well a lot of the um the um stuff that's going on on social media it it it uh the main uh person that's putting a lot of that and he's written a book called race shifting and and um you know albeit there there are some people who have made false claims it doesn't make everybody's claim false um but I have seen his him and his group once when you're on social media a bit you get to know who his followers are and what their their mandate and agenda is and um I've seen them go after people on social media who you know some of them are are 60 scoop survivors and they'll come on to there's one of the Facebook pages it's called metis family research and it's for people basically doing genealogy searches and stuff and they will come and post things and and you know information about their ancestors or their want you know looking for information and there's many genealogists on that site so they will help people um find their their ancestry and but what's can what has happened more often than I care to to think about is that somebody will come on and they're not familiar with the terms it's like going you know walking into a hospital and and going into a nursing station you're not gonna understand all their terminologies and what they're speaking of by their acronyms or or how they label things so we've had people come on that page and they've you know said I want to find out about getting metis status and there's many from this this jump all over a person and well you're not even metis if you're calling it status you don't know that metis don't have status and and it's it's Relentless and it's inappropriate and it's also it's harassment and it's almost against human rights like it's it's um it's just mean I've never seen people be so mean and I find that um as a person who was raised um with you know metis ancestry all the way around is I I've never I never ever heard my grandparents or my great grandma ever talk that way that there were no metis in the East we had family everywhere and we acknowledged our families everywhere and some of the generations from Quebec weren't that far back so I just I just find it all very um appalling and I find it really harsh um so we it and that stuff needs to be addressed like that's and I've I've always encouraged people to screenshot things like that when it's on on these Facebook chats and and to file a human rights complaint against these people and um because it it is it is harassment it's and it's just it's downright unforgivable is what it is so foreign okay um I would say something yeah um you know I think that uh British national consoles nationalism is a historical and anthropological misappropriation you know how can such ideas can can be shaped can can take shape this is a restrictive form of jurisprudence and uh it's a legal ancestor institutional and historic and social media misappropriation nothing more the MNC at the best is nothing more than a community like many other community in the country which uh which which which has is uh is uh [Music] um uh I could say that uh particularities you know okay nothing more nothing more than any any community in this country uh I think that uh it's the historic treason uh from the government for the federal government the instance and the First Nations I'm sorry so I think that's it's the cat's role to do his best to defend their common interest without distinction without discrimination okay thank you very much yeah as a as a PTO of the Congress or Aboriginal people you uh do you think that cap should recognize that then assuming it's okay back as a partner and should they have a voice at the table Charlene what do you think of that well it's it's ironic we actually had this discussion um with our board of directors and one of the things that was and and was brought up was our mou with in reality in any of the discussion or that has never been brought up that they should have their own organization at the cap table what was the big issue was when Richard was not um when there was issues with him not being able to attend the AGA and that there was um the feelings that the metis question and this whole metis identity thing wasn't being addressed I I know that um cap will only allow one PTO per region and we and that was clearly outlined in our discussion at the board meeting um and and what there's what they had said was um that internal provincial um problems are within the province and I said I agree so but why is is the mou that we have with an issue and so that was I don't think that they understood a lot of the intent um on the national level and um I do support that the the Quebec organization and all the organizations every PTO were here to support all of the UN unrepresented so there's no there is no organization like so that you've got one or organization saying there's no metis in the East which is the MNC and and how does the MNC get that authority to say that there's no metis in the East because it's gonna it's what's going to happen and what I've said to people is be careful because you might be next you they might say because there's there's always different groups I never grew up with the word metis we were machif because we were French speaking we came from um Quebec we went through seeing Sault Ste Marie into the southern part of Manitoba uh great Cuthbert grout is like my fifth great-grandfather and that's a whole other side like that's the scotch side and my one grandma was shocked to hear that we had Scotch in our family because she thought we were only French so but there's always been those divisions between scotch metis French metis Anglican metis Roman Catholic metis and the government has played on those and I and I don't accept that and I don't encourage it I encourage unification and unity and that we're all together you're encouraging inclusion at the table and I guess your words yes so in your words cap should it be should address Quebec as a partner or give them a place at the table well I can't you know because a lot of this um and what I said at the cap board meeting was this was something I inherited well um we've discussed you know that there is metis across Canada from coast to coast to coast um and I support that 100 percent in my new role as the elected leader for amnestis what the cap bylaws I have to go with what the cap bylaws say but I I do and I do believe that the organization in Quebec should definitely be representative of the metis in Quebec and I may get my Knuckles wrapped for that because they're saying they're saying that it's none of the other provincial organizations business what's going on in another province but if we've got a group of metis who are feeling that they're not being represented then I think it should it should like and I said that at the board meeting I said maybe this is something that needs to be mediated you know between the groups very good thank you very much for that right because you know if you've if you've got people yeah if you've got people that are not happy then there's something wrong right very good Michelle any comments on that yeah that's okay um I think you know and yes okay uh is the PTU of the province of Quebec the officer says that only members of this organization are entitled to representation but my thinking is different I think that all organization in age of the territories have the legitimate right to be represented on cap you know the leather is patent I don't know is the term is correct but and the mission of the cap itself is very clear in the documents it is written you know um and in My Mind by the way it says PTO Affiliates Also may act as umbrella Organization for multiple regional and local groups of Aboriginal people so I think that every Community has a right to represent the right to act and the right to sue finally at the end of the day nothing is more important that nothing equals the strange of numbers that's it okay that's what I have to say thank you thank you Charlene my next question is there's been a lot of turmoil in cap because you know we approach Mr law in that and the new elected uh president uh at cat so you think things will change with the new elected Prince uh president that cap and as the movement going to change direction in your opinion I I have a feeling it may I have a really good feeling in me um as far as that human rights uh meeting that you were talking there was a lot of very angry people involved with cap and we are actually doing a lot of um fighting right now with the government at a bunch of different tables um and I think that they're actually quite surprised I think that they're kind of taken aback because I think Mr Bertrand was very complacent and very much a deal maker and I don't think Mr St Pierre is on that same same level that they're on um I've we've we've we've got a bunch of different committees and the one I sit on the languages committee and um Mr Saint Pierre was actually on that same Community as well and um really took the federal government to task because they've only in and undrip they've only engaged us since October and they've been engaging all of the distinctions based for the last six months and in like distinction I I told them I had a real problem with distinctions based number one and and Richard this kind of leads into what you're talking about about representation I did not believe in the metis nation of Saskatchewan anymore I had lost total Faith with the organization and on our new board our vice president used to be the vice president of the metis nation of Saskatchewan as well as this The Treasure of the metis nation of Saskatchewan one of our board and Mr Alan Warren and one of our board members used to be the president and he was a secretary and a regional representative Mr Robert Doucette because it is just it's gotten so um it's not good anyways so we we that's why when we moved over so I understand what you're saying Rashard is that you know the representation it's frustrating when you only have one organization to go to but I understand what you're saying also on about under the umbrella but I I really get the feeling that uh Chief Saint Pierre is going to really take them to task because that was brought up several times at the PT at the meetings tables that I sat on with him was that he really took them to task on the um that they hadn't negotiated with us and uh that it had they had been negotiating with the distinctions-based organizations for for six months already so yeah I I think there might be a little bit of spit there more than what we've seen out of Mr Bertrand Michelle do you see uh the change as a leadership to uh Mr Saint Pierre and uh you see that there is a positive oh yes uh I think uh I think uh is a weird reference yeah it's very possible that things will change because Mr Cynthia is not like uh I think Charlene uh uh I agreed with you all in like that with that but they will only change that things will only change if we take the time to address the issue of this discrimination against Aboriginal people in general in meaty people in particular cap and do so very quickly and I think that the recent move of Mr Saint Pierre or or a good a good thing for us you know concrete actions will have to be initiated this would reiterate his request of June 20 June last June okay of this year for a friendly contextual meeting on this issue with the president of cup Mr semper and is born this forecast should be approved and supported by all of us and I I hope all the organization of the country that was concerned okay well thank you very much my last question for all of you and we're getting to the end of the thing our interview it seems like the metis of Quebec are looking for stability and uh leadership stability uh what must happen right now between uh all the meat tea and Quebec and that you know your opinion Charlene with that to bring this polarization polarization of Dimitri in Quebec and cultural recognition and the kingship that they have what must happen there in your opinion ah well I kind of feel like it's the one kid on the school ground getting picked on all the time that's that's kind of how I'm looking at the metis thing and and like I said we did we did have a discussion about this at our board meeting and one of the things I suggested is that that um you know cap make a public statement about that uh I know myself and my whole board supports that there's metis across Canada and and that's something that we as a board believe in and I think that um that the other you know ptos I I hope that this is something that they'll look forward to and like I said it was brought up at the at the board meeting that uh you know that we should probably do this I know we're really really busy right now the the um there we've got all these tables trying to close up for this fiscal year so we've been I think I've never been on so many zoom and WebEx meetings in my life is in the last month that's you know we've been doing that like crazy so um you know once things slow down that may be what they'll be looking at but I know like we have got people out there that are working really hard on things like sub milet and Professor Bouchard and you know with their books and and all their other wonderful things that they're finding Joanne brassette there's lots of really really good Grassroots people that are working very hard to say Hey you know like what what these guys are saying is not true and I think that um I I I kind of wonder sometimes if there was some feel made somewhere like it's just I I don't know why it's just I can't believe that there isn't um more people standing up against this but it's like I said it's complacency has gotten to be quite the norm so yeah I think that um the noise is going to be coming I think the noise is going to be coming well thank you very much I know we've been I've personally been making lots of noise you see now we we see your postings all the time uh Michelle as far as the polarization of what needs to happen in Quebec yes uh um I would say that I believe that leadership you know must arise from The Awakening of people so for example this meeting that we have now and uh The pact between your organization Saskatchewan and I'm season Nation messages to Quebec uh is a it's a it's a step forward you know a lot of things will have to to be done but first and foremost um the dialogue between us and the affirmation we are of Who We Are I think that it's time to pick out speak up speak loud anyway but Time Has Come yep yep well thank you very much we're at the end we're at the end of our uh our interview process uh any last comment Charlene very short um this is this is a government initiative the no East no metis in the east and it's more of the divide and conquer mentality and uh I'm not going to sit back and and take it and I I what I see out there there's a lot of people that aren't going to so it's going to be a challenge but um it's that they're they're on to this new distinctions based kick which is uh they're trying to alienate people from and I said you know if I just had lots of money just to take them to court for everything that they do it would all stop you know but so that's it if I win a million dollars you know where I'll be spending it any last words all right last word that was uh would say um it's time that uh the meaty metis agenda arise you know not only on in Quebec and in East um on the Eastern of the country but everywhere in the west together right I hope so well thank you very much thank you all for participating and uh we'll see you at the next uh interview thank you very much

okay hi everybody welcome welcome to the meet you question the english version and charlene lavallee the shot is in the last engine so charlene will start with you and can you give us a little bit of your bio and your background and the michi community so my name is charlene lavalli i am the president of the newly revived amnestist amnesty stands for association off reserve non status and any metis in the province of saskatchewan we were active with a cap which was the coalition of aboriginal people in saskatchewan and at our annual our aga in august of this year we decided to revive the cap name and the reason revived the cap name from amp from cap to amethyst and the reason we decided to do that is because omnisys was a very powerful organization in its day and it is had some really incredible leaders who were really motivated and really fought for the people in saskatchewan and a lot of why we are we moved towards amnestis and and what what how we see things is it is all about kinship it is not about well you are you know a c 31 or an s 6 or you know it is it is we are all kin and that is across the board like you know somewhere along the line i had a 1st nations great grandmother and and all those kind of wonderful things and i have got some relatives on the reserve and some not on the reserve i have got status grandchildren i have got metis grandchildren and i have got non status grandchildren so all the divisions that are created our government introduced and their colonial systems and that is why we are moving away from that because we do not we have never been consulted we have never agreed to it and we are looking at a more family kinship oriented indigenized organization that is established by the indigenous people and and that is who we work for can you a little bit about myself sorry dan a little bit about myself i am i live at batosh saskatchewan my grandmother was raised here and both my parents are metis and from from saskatchewan and we can trace our ancestry back to the 1600s in quebec on both sides of the family so i i support the the the metis in quebec and in in eastern canada and and i guess that is part of the reason why you know why why i am here both of your background or bio as far as application yeah okay i want to say that i agreed with charlene and brock for the world and 1st of all i would like to i said as i said last week you know i hope you will pardon me for my dad in english and you will maybe forget me if something sometimes i consult some note to get not lost okay thank you my name is richard alvey and i am president of the board of the center there community of metis and offers of status and non status virgin people from lexington we are located about 300 miles north of quebec city okay i have been a militant for about the original cause for more than 30 years and a member of alliance quebec since about 20 years okay and i have been a member of the national born of lalian quebec since january to september 2020 but i resigned i resigned in september because the because of the dispute within the executive board concerning the fate of the beaches of quebec and particularly of them is just members of la lions quebec i am here with everyone to signify my support for this mutual recognition between between mars between quebec museum and yes i support this mutual recognition of all images of the country without distinction without exception i think okay thanks a lot to michelle charlene can you explain that you elected president of the saskatchewan i think you touched our bit on it before the congress and why the name change why did not stay the same and why the name changed what how did it happen and why there has been a majority i would say a majority of our our board of directors on amnestys are members and both of them are off reserve and there has been talk for quite a while about reviving amethyst lots from the metis community from people who have been disgruntled with the metis nation of saskatchewan so there has been that discussion for a while and and like i said earlier there is there is lots that have you know family members and they can not be part of the same organizations so so that and and just because amethyst was always so well recognized and worked so hard for the people and we we wanted to really bring that back because it just seems like we do not even really see that much anymore just everybody all are indigenous leadership is seems very complacent and very eager to make deals and deals that we know nothing about we are not informed about them well enough anyways and that that the the duty to consult all this stuff is going on and we are that the grassroots people do not know anything and our organizations are starting to look exactly like colonial government organizations and you know it is just it is time for some change it is time for some some good grassroots and movements and okay to stir things up a bit that is right the other way the other thing is this is the follow up question with what we are just talking about you know in the last little while you had an agreement with and you touched on it a little bit yeah form an agree the vision behind it and the understanding of this pact and can you explain a little bit about that well i was i was trying to to find it and and just refresh my memory on it a bit but for me personally to this more is is just that we support the metis in quebec and that that they are there and that we recognize them and that they are not race shifters as the new coin phrase that is out there and the whole there is a whole movement right now stating that there is no metis in the east which is you know it is as far as i am concerned that is a whole government bought and paid for agenda because if they can discount every metis person in eastern in eastern canada then that is a loss a lot less people that the government are going to be responsible for because with the daniels case it recognizes metis in the constitution and so that would include me too and and in the in the case it says that it is all across canada so and now the government of course is trying to to pull the wall and say well nope there is no metis in eastern canada this one was done although rob go ahead yes i would like just to say just just to say that not only democracy but tradition tradition yeah yeah and and and i do not know i i cannot imagine that somebody oppose it like we heard about it you know about some ptos in in eastern did not approve the pact so i approved that in the majority of the meaty of quebec approved that it is a reality you know and that is why attend the pack witness with the amsys yes he says that answers yes in saskatchewan and i am proud of it yeah we talked about the racism and talked about some bashing that was going on in your opinion can that be addressed and how can that be changed charlene well a lot of the the stuff that is going on on social media it it it the main person that is putting a lot of that and he is written a book called race shifting and and you know albeit there there are some people who have made false claims it does not make everybody is claim false but i have seen his him and his group once when you are on social media a bit you get to know who his followers are and what their their mandate and agenda is and i have seen them go after people on social media who you know some of them are are 60 scoop survivors and they will come on to there is one of the facebook pages it is called metis family research and it is for people basically doing genealogy searches and stuff and they will come and post things and and you know information about their ancestors or their want you know looking for information and there is many genealogists on that site so they will help people find their their ancestry and but what is can what has happened more often than i care to to think about is that somebody will come on and they are not familiar with the terms it is like going you know walking into a hospital and and going into a nursing station you are not going to understand all their terminologies and what they are speaking of by their acronyms or or how they label things so we have had people come on that page and they have you know said i want to find out about getting metis status and there is many from this this jump all over a person and well you are not even metis if you are calling it status you do not know that metis do not have status and and it is it is relentless and it is inappropriate and it is also it is harassment and it is almost against human rights like it is it is it is just mean i have never seen people be so mean and i find that as a person who was raised with you know metis ancestry all the way around is i i have never i never ever heard my grandparents or my great grandma ever talk that way that there were no metis in the east we had family everywhere and we acknowledged our families everywhere and some of the generations from quebec were not that far back so i just i just find it all very appalling and i find it really harsh so we it and that stuff needs to be addressed like that is and i have i have always encouraged people to screenshot things like that when it is on on these facebook chats and and to file a human rights complaint against these people and because it it is it is harassment it is and it is just it is downright unforgivable is what it is so foreign okay i would say something yeah you know i think that british national consoles nationalism is a historical and anthropological misappropriation you know how can such ideas can can be shaped can can take shape this is a restrictive form of jurisprudence and it is a legal ancestor institutional and historic and social media misappropriation nothing more the mnc at the best is nothing more than a community like many other community in the country which which which which has is is i could say that particularities you know okay nothing more nothing more than any any community in this country i think that it is the historic treason from the government for the federal government the instance and the 1st nations i am sorry so i think that is it is the cat is role to do his best to defend their common interest without distinction without discrimination okay thank you very much yeah as a as a pto of the congress or aboriginal people you do you think that cap should recognize that then assuming it is okay back as a partner and should they have a voice at the table charlene what do you think of that well it is it is ironic we actually had this discussion with our board of directors and one of the things that was and and was brought up was our mou with in reality in any of the discussion or that has never been brought up that they should have their own organization at the cap table what was the big issue was when richard was not when there was issues with him not being able to attend the aga and that there was the feelings that the metis question and this whole metis identity thing was not being addressed i i know that cap will only allow one pto per region and we and that was clearly outlined in our discussion at the board meeting and and what there is what they had said was that internal provincial problems are within the province and i said i agree so but why is is the mou that we have with an issue and so that was i do not think that they understood a lot of the intent on the national level and i do support that the the quebec organization and all the organizations every pto were here to support all of the un unrepresented so there is no there is no organization like so that you have got one or organization saying there is no metis in the east which is the mnc and and how does the mnc get that authority to say that there is no metis in the east because it is going to it is what is going to happen and what i have said to people is be careful because you might be next you they might say because there is there is always different groups i never grew up with the word metis we were machif because we were french speaking we came from quebec we went through seeing sault ste marie into the southern part of manitoba great cuthbert grout is like my 5th great grandfather and that is a whole other side like that is the scotch side and my one grandma was shocked to hear that we had scotch in our family because she thought we were only french so but there is always been those divisions between scotch metis french metis anglican metis roman catholic metis and the government has played on those and i and i do not accept that and i do not encourage it i encourage unification and unity and that we are all together you are encouraging inclusion at the table and i guess your words yes so in your words cap should it be should address quebec as a partner or give them a place at the table well i can not you know because a lot of this and what i said at the cap board meeting was this was something i inherited well we have discussed you know that there is metis across canada from coast to coast to coast and i support that 100% in my new role as the elected leader for amnestis what the cap bylaws i have to go with what the cap bylaws say but i i do and i do believe that the organization in quebec should definitely be representative of the metis in quebec and i may get my knuckles wrapped for that because they are saying they are saying that it is none of the other provincial organizations business what is going on in another province but if we have got a group of metis who are feeling that they are not being represented then i think it should it should like and i said that at the board meeting i said maybe this is something that needs to be mediated you know between the groups very good thank you very much for that right because you know if you have if you have got people yeah if you have got people that are not happy then there is something wrong right very good michelle any comments on that yeah that is okay i think you know and yes okay is the ptu of the province of quebec the officer says that only members of this organization are entitled to representation but my thinking is different i think that all organization in age of the territories have the legitimate right to be represented on cap you know the leather is patent i do not know is the term is correct but and the mission of the cap itself is very clear in the documents it is written you know and in my mind by the way it says pto affiliates also may act as umbrella organization for multiple regional and local groups of aboriginal people so i think that every community has a right to represent the right to act and the right to sue finally at the end of the day nothing is more important that nothing equals the strange of numbers that is it okay that is what i have to say thank you thank you charlene my next question is there has been a lot of turmoil in cap because you know we approach mister law in that and the new elected president at cat so you think things will change with the new elected prince president that cap and as the movement going to change direction in your opinion i i have a feeling it may i have a really good feeling in me as far as that human rights meeting that you were talking there was a lot of very angry people involved with cap and we are actually doing a lot of fighting right now with the government at a bunch of different tables and i think that they are actually quite surprised i think that they are kind of taken aback because i think mister bertrand was very complacent and very much a deal maker and i do not think mister saint pierre is on that same same level that they are on i have we have we have we have got a bunch of different committees and the one i sit on the languages committee and mister saint pierre was actually on that same community as well and really took the federal government to task because they have only in and undrip they have only engaged us since october and they have been engaging all of the distinctions based for the last 6 months and in like distinction i i told them i had a real problem with distinctions based number one and and richard this kind of leads into what you are talking about about representation i did not believe in the metis nation of saskatchewan anymore i had lost total faith with the organization and on our new board our vice president used to be the vice president of the metis nation of saskatchewan as well as this the treasure of the metis nation of saskatchewan one of our board and mister alan warren and one of our board members used to be the president and he was a secretary and a regional representative mister robert doucette because it is just it is gotten so it is not good anyways so we we that is why when we moved over so i understand what you are saying rashard is that you know the representation it is frustrating when you only have one organization to go to but i understand what you are saying also on about under the umbrella but i i really get the feeling that chief saint pierre is going to really take them to task because that was brought up several times at the pt at the meetings tables that i sat on with him was that he really took them to task on the that they had not negotiated with us and that it had they had been negotiating with the distinctions based organizations for for 6 months already so yeah i i think there might be a little bit of spit there more than what we have seen out of mister bertrand michelle do you see the change as a leadership to mister saint pierre and you see that there is a 0 yes i think i think is a weird reference yeah it is very possible that things will change because mister cynthia is not like i think charlene i agreed with you all in like that with that but they will only change that things will only change if we take the time to address the issue of this discrimination against aboriginal people in general in meaty people in particular cap and do so very quickly and i think that the recent move of mister saint pierre or or a good a good thing for us you know concrete actions will have to be initiated this would reiterate his request of june 20 june last june okay of this year for a friendly contextual meeting on this issue with the president of cup mister semper and is born this forecast should be approved and supported by all of us and i i hope all the organization of the country that was concerned okay well thank you very much my last question for all of you and we are getting to the end of the thing our interview it seems like the metis of quebec are looking for stability and leadership stability what must happen right now between all the meat tea and quebec and that you know your opinion charlene with that to bring this polarization polarization of dimitri in quebec and cultural recognition and the kingship that they have what must happen there in your opinion ah well i kind of feel like it is the one kid on the school ground getting picked on all the time that is that is kind of how i am looking at the metis thing and and like i said we did we did have a discussion about this at our board meeting and one of the things i suggested is that that you know cap make a public statement about that i know myself and my whole board supports that there is metis across canada and and that is something that we as a board believe in and i think that that the other you know ptos i i hope that this is something that they will look forward to and like i said it was brought up at the at the board meeting that you know that we should probably do this i know we are really really busy right now the the there we have got all these tables trying to close up for this fiscal year so we have been i think i have never been on so many zoom and webex meetings in my life is in the last month that is you know we have been doing that like crazy so you know once things slow down that may be what they will be looking at but i know like we have got people out there that are working really hard on things like sub milet and professor bouchard and you know with their books and and all their other wonderful things that they are finding joanne brassette there is lots of really really good grassroots people that are working very hard to say hey you know like what what these guys are saying is not true and i think that i i i kind of wonder sometimes if there was some feel made somewhere like it is just i i do not know why it is just i can not believe that there is not more people standing up against this but it is like i said it is complacency has gotten to be quite the norm so yeah i think that the noise is going to be coming i think the noise is going to be coming well thank you very much i know we have been i have personally been making lots of noise you see now we we see your postings all the time michelle as far as the polarization of what needs to happen in quebec yes i would say that i believe that leadership you know must arise from the awakening of people so for example this meeting that we have now and the pact between your organization saskatchewan and i am season nation messages to quebec is a it is a it is a step forward you know a lot of things will have to to be done but 1st and foremost the dialog between us and the affirmation we are of who we are i think that it is time to pick out speak up speak loud anyway but time has come yep yep well thank you very much we are at the end we are at the end of our our interview process any last comment charlene very short this is this is a government initiative the no east no metis in the east and it is more of the divide and conquer mentality and i am not going to sit back and and take it and i i what i see out there there is a lot of people that are not going to so it is going to be a challenge but it is that they are they are on to this new distinctions based kick which is they are trying to alienate people from and i said you know if i just had lots of money just to take them to court for everything that they do it would all stop you know but so that is it if i win a $1000000 you know where i will be spending it any last words all right last word that was would say it is time that the meaty metis agenda arise you know not only on in quebec and in east on the eastern of the country but everywhere in the west together right i hope so well thank you very much thank you all for participating and we will see you at the next interview thank you very much

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxlm4kEMckU

partners for competitive Workforce serves the tri-state area of Ohio Indiana and Kentucky they serve three strong Workforce partners the health careers collaborative of Greater Cincinnati Advanced manufacturing career Pathways and the construction career pathways a recent strategic planning process completed a strategic resulted in the creation of an expanded collaboration Partnerships for the competitive Workforce for the tri-state area their efforts included supporting the launch of employers first Regional Workforce Network in which four Workforce boards that serve the Tri-State region formalize a 10 year old partnership to coordinate Workforce Services for employees the first project was to create training portal to assist Regional Employers in locating training and provide support to local colleges and make graduation more accessible and easy with the partners for competitive Workforce director Ross Meyer please come forward and accept the award come on up so uh it was a little bit cumbersome to have you know 20 people join us on stage but we really wanted to reiterate the message that this is all about Partnerships right so so thank you um so if if you're not already tired by hearing about Cincinnati uh because I am and it's not even been an hour um it is a good moment for us for those of you in the midwest you know our modesty often uh prevents us from trumpeting you know good work that we're doing so this is a moment that we're going to take and celebrate so um what I want to do very briefly is share with you I think some of the the key uh kind of learnings from us and the three factors are of our success and first and foremost is our partners um our leaders and our employers um I want to be very clear the success that we've had is due to the strength of our partners and that's that's been really powerful for us um we have had a tremendous benefit of having tremendous Partners in our community from employers who are really willing to step up and provide leadership for the benefit of their companies and their Community to our four Workforce boards who have done tremendous work over the last decade to really serve employers better and serve job Seekers better to our community colleges and our Career Tech schools who have for many years worked hard to meet employer needs and tailor their curriculum to be responsive to our Chambers of Commerce who really work to connect their members to the workforce system to our deeply committed community-based organizations a couple on the stage here who really do the hard work every day of getting people ready for work and supporting them along the pathway of course of our funders who have really prioritized in this community Workforce Development as key for us to really grow out of this recession as a community and of course our phenomenal health careers collaborative has not only been a model for us as a community but it's really become a national model so I want to make it very clear that our success and the progress that we've made is due to these outstanding partners and I want you to join me in congratulating all of them thank you second we simply would not be where we are today if it weren't for some of our outstanding leaders from Kathy Merchant of the Greater Cincinnati Foundation who really provided key leadership in the beginning to convene our effort about four years ago to Rob reinsteiner of United Way who's really helped us guide our work to a New Direction and really position us for greater impact to John Prout of course our chairman who's really helped us as we launch partners for a competitive Workforce as our next phase of work provided outstanding leadership to some of our other corporate leaders like Pete strange a master construction has been a champion for Workforce for decades and provided excellent guidance some of our other corporate leaders have been outstanding models so these leaders have been absolutely critical and we on behalf of all the partners want to thank you for your leadership foreign ly none of this simply could happen without our tremendously dedicated employers I want to especially thank the employer chairs of our three career pathway Partnerships Darla Olson and Jenny Skinner of TriHealth who I think will be here this afternoon Scott Ellsworth of typical punch Liza smitherman of Johnston construction and we also have some of our other employers Rick is up here Rick Jordan with LSI Industries these folks as well as many many other employers who've really dedicated themselves to this work and kept us really firmly focused on meeting employers needs have been transformative in our process so thank you especially to our employers and of course of course thank you of course to the National Fund the National Fund really played a catalytic role about four years ago that provided a catalyst for us to really build on a lot of the successes in our community and helped us go a lot further faster so thank you again and I hope you enjoy your time in Cincinnati come on

partners for competitive workforce serves the tri state area of ohio indiana and kentucky they serve 3 strong workforce partners the health careers collaborative of greater cincinnati advanced manufacturing career pathways and the construction career pathways a recent strategic planning process completed a strategic resulted in the creation of an expanded collaboration partnerships for the competitive workforce for the tri state area their efforts included supporting the launch of employers 1st regional workforce network in which 4 workforce boards that serve the tri state region formalize a 10 year old partnership to coordinate workforce services for employees the 1st project was to create training portal to assist regional employers in locating training and provide support to local colleges and make graduation more accessible and easy with the partners for competitive workforce director ross meyer please come forward and accept the award come on up so it was a little bit cumbersome to have you know 20 people join us on stage but we really wanted to reiterate the message that this is all about partnerships right so so thank you so if if you are not already tired by hearing about cincinnati because i am and it is not even been an hour it is a good moment for us for those of you in the midwest you know our modesty often prevents us from trumpeting you know good work that we are doing so this is a moment that we are going to take and celebrate so what i want to do very briefly is share with you i think some of the the key kind of learnings from us and the 3 factors are of our success and 1st and foremost is our partners our leaders and our employers i want to be very clear the success that we have had is due to the strength of our partners and that is that has been really powerful for us we have had a tremendous benefit of having tremendous partners in our community from employers who are really willing to step up and provide leadership for the benefit of their companies and their community to our 4 workforce boards who have done tremendous work over the last decade to really serve employers better and serve job seekers better to our community colleges and our career tech schools who have for many years worked hard to meet employer needs and tailor their curriculum to be responsive to our chambers of commerce who really work to connect their members to the workforce system to our deeply committed community based organizations a couple on the stage here who really do the hard work every day of getting people ready for work and supporting them along the pathway of course of our funders who have really prioritized in this community workforce development as key for us to really grow out of this recession as a community and of course our phenomenal health careers collaborative has not only been a model for us as a community but it is really become a national model so i want to make it very clear that our success and the progress that we have made is due to these outstanding partners and i want you to join me in congratulating all of them thank you 2nd we simply would not be where we are today if it were not for some of our outstanding leaders from kathy merchant of the greater cincinnati foundation who really provided key leadership in the beginning to convene our effort about 4 years ago to rob reinsteiner of united way who is really helped us guide our work to a new direction and really position us for greater impact to john prout of course our chairman who is really helped us as we launch partners for a competitive workforce as our next phase of work provided outstanding leadership to some of our other corporate leaders like pete strange a master construction has been a champion for workforce for decades and provided excellent guidance some of our other corporate leaders have been outstanding models so these leaders have been absolutely critical and we on behalf of all the partners want to thank you for your leadership foreign ly none of this simply could happen without our tremendously dedicated employers i want to especially thank the employer chairs of our 3 career pathway partnerships darla olson and jenny skinner of trihealth who i think will be here this afternoon scott ellsworth of typical punch liza smitherman of johnston construction and we also have some of our other employers rick is up here rick jordan with lsi industries these folks as well as many many other employers who have really dedicated themselves to this work and kept us really firmly focused on meeting employers needs have been transformative in our process so thank you especially to our employers and of course of course thank you of course to the national fund the national fund really played a catalytic role about 4 years ago that provided a catalyst for us to really build on a lot of the successes in our community and helped us go a lot further faster so thank you again and i hope you enjoy your time in cincinnati come on

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6kl8J6dQME

a preservative as a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food beverages pharmaceutical drugs paints biological samples cosmetics wood and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes in general preservation is implemented in two modes chemical and physical chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product physical preservation entails processes such as refrigeration or drying preservative food additives reduce the risk of foodborne infections decrease microbial spoilage and preserve fresh attributes and nutritional quality some physical techniques for food preservation include dehydration UVC radiation freeze drying and refrigeration chemical preservation and physical preservation techniques are sometimes combined topic antimicrobial preservatives antimicrobial preservatives prevent degradation by bacteria this method is the most traditional and ancient type of preserving ancient methods such as pickling and adding honey prevent microorganism growth by modifying the pH level the most commonly used antimicrobial preservative is lactic acid common antimicrobial preservatives are presented in the table nitrates and nitrites are also antimicrobial the detailed mechanism of these chemical compounds range from inhibiting growth of the bacteria to the inhibition of specific enzymes topic antioxidants the oxidation process spoils most food especially those with a high fat content fat's quickly turn rancid when exposed to oxygen antioxidants prevent or inhibit the oxidation process the most common antioxidant additives are ascorbic acid vitamin C and ascorbate thus antioxidants are commonly added to oils cheese and chips other antioxidants include the phenol derivatives BHA BHT TBHQ and propyl gallate these agents suppress the formation of hydroperoxides other preservatives include ethanol and methylchloroisothiazolinone a variety of agents are added to sequester deactivate metal ions that otherwise catalyze the oxidation of fats common sequestering agents are disodium EDTA citric acid and citrates tartaric acid and lecithin topic non-synthetic compounds for food preservation citric and ascorbic acid target enzymes that degrade fruits and vegetables eg mono/poly fennel oxidase which turns surfaces of cut apples and potatoes Brown ascorbic acid and tocopherol which are vitamins are common preservatives smoking entails exposing food to a variety of phenols which are antioxidants natural preservatives include rosemary and oregano extract hops salt sugar vinegar alcohol diatomaceous earth and castor oil traditional preservatives such as sodium benzoate have raised health concerns in the past benzoate was shown in a study to cause hypersensitivity in some asthma sufferers this has caused re-examination of natural preservatives which occur in vegetables topic history and methods preservatives have been used since prehistoric times smoked meat for example has phenols and other chemicals that delay spoilage the preservation of foods has evolved greatly over the centuries and has been instrumental in increasing food security the use of preservatives other than traditional oils salts paints etc in food began in the late 19th century but was not widespread until the 20th century the use of food preservatives varies greatly depending on the country many developing countries that do not have strong governments to regulate food additives face either harmful levels of preservatives in foods or a complete avoidance of foods that are considered unnatural or foreign these countries have also proven useful in case studies surrounding chemical preservatives as they have been only recently introduced in urban slums of highly populated countries the knowledge about contents of food tends to be extremely low despite consumption of these imported foods topic drying in ancient times the Sun and wind naturally dried out foods middle eastern and oriental cultures started drying foods in 1200 BC in the Sun the Romans used a lot of dry fruit in the Middle Ages the people made still houses where fruits vegetables and herbs were could dry out in climates that did not have strong sunlight for drying sometimes fires were made to create heat to dry foods drying prevents yeasts and bread molds rhizopus from growing by removing moisture so bacteria cannot grow topic freezing cellars caves and cool streams were used for freezing American estates had ice houses built to store ice and food on the ice ice house was then converted to an icebox icebox was converted in the 1800's to mechanical refrigeration Clarence Birdseye found in the 1800's that freezing meats and vegetables at a low temperature made them taste better topic fermenting fermenting was discovered when a few grains of barley were left in the rain and turned into beer microorganisms ferment the starch derived sugars into alcohol this is also how fruits are fermented into wine and cabbage into kimchi or sauerkraut anthropologists believe that as early as ten people began to settle and grow barley they began to make beer and believed that it was a gift from gods it was used to preserve foods and to create more nutritious foods from less desirable ingredients vitamins are produced through fermentation by microorganisms making the end product more nutritious topic pickling pickling occurs when foods are placed in a container with vinegar or another acid it is thought that pickling came about when people used to place food and wine or beer to preserve it due to them having a low pH containers had to be stoneware or glass vinegar will dissolve metal from pots after the food was even the pickling brine had other uses Romans would make a concentrated pickle sauce called garam it was very concentrated and the dish that it would be used in would only need a few drops to get the fish taste due to new foods arriving from Europe in the 16th century food preservation increased ketchup originated from Europe as an oriental fish brine and when it made it to America sugar was added pickling sauces were soon part of many recipes such as chutneys relish piccalilli mustard and ketchup when different spices were added to them topic curing the beginning of curing was done through dehydration salting was used by early cultures to help desiccate foods many different salts were used from different places such as rock salt sea salt spiced salt etc people began to experiment and found in the 1800's that some salts gave meat an appealing red color instead of the grave that they were used to during their experimenting in the 1920s they realized this mixture of salts where nitrates saltpeter that prevented Clostridium botulinum growth topic jam and jelly the early cultures also used honey or sugar as a preservative Greece used a quince and honey mixture with a slight amount of drying and then tightly packed into jars the Romans used the same technique but instead cooked the honey and quince mixture to make a solid texture the Indian and oriental traders brought sugarcane to the northern climates where housewives were then able to learn to make preservatives by heating fruit with the sugar cane topic Channing canning started in 1790 from a French confectioner Nicolas Appert when he found that by applying heat to food in sealed glass bottles the food is free from spoilage efforts ideas were tried by the French Navy with meat vegetables fruit and milk in 1806 an Englishman Peter Duran decided to use efforts method on tin cans in 1810 even though Appert found a method that worked he did not understand why it worked because many believed that the lack of air caused the preservation in 1864 Louis Pasteur linked food spoilage illness to microorganisms different foods are placed into jars or cans and heated to a microorganism and enzyme in activating temperature they are then cooled forming a vacuum seal which prevents microorganisms from contaminating the foods topic public awareness of food preservation public awareness of food preservatives as uneven Americans have a perception that foodborne illnesses happen more often in other countries this may be true but the occurrence of illnesses hospitalizations and deaths are still high it is estimated by the Center for Disease Control CDC that each year there are 76 million illnesses 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths linked to foodborne illness the increasing demand for ready-to-eat fresh food products has led to challenges for food distributors regarding the safety and quality of their foods artificial preservatives meet some of these challenges by preserving freshness for longer periods of time but these preservatives can cause negative side effects as well sodium nitrite as a preservative used in lunch meats hams sausages hotdogs and bacon to prevent botulism it serves the important function of controlling the bacteria that cause botulism but sodium nitrite can react with proteins or during cooking at high heat to form carcinogenic and nitrosamines it has also been linked to cancer in lab animals the commonly used sodium benzoate has been found to extend the shelf life of bottled tomato paste to 40 weeks without loss of quality however it can form the carcinogen benzene when combined with vitamin C many food manufacturers have reformed their products to eliminate this combination but a risk still exists consumption of sodium benzoate may also cause hyperactivity for over 30 years there has been a debate about whether or not preservatives and other food additives can cause hyperactivity studies have found that there may be increases in hyperactivity amongst children who consume artificial colorings and benzoate preservatives and who are already genetically predisposed to hyperactivity but these studies were not entirely conclusive hyperactivity only increased moderately and it was not determined if the preservatives colorings or a combination of the two were responsible for the increase

a preservative as a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food beverages pharmaceutical drugs paints biological samples cosmetics wood and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes in general preservation is implemented in 2 modes chemical and physical chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product physical preservation entails processes such as refrigeration or drying preservative food additives reduce the risk of foodborne infections decrease microbial spoilage and preserve fresh attributes and nutritional quality some physical techniques for food preservation include dehydration uvc radiation freeze drying and refrigeration chemical preservation and physical preservation techniques are sometimes combined topic antimicrobial preservatives antimicrobial preservatives prevent degradation by bacteria this method is the most traditional and ancient type of preserving ancient methods such as pickling and adding honey prevent microorganism growth by modifying the ph level the most commonly used antimicrobial preservative is lactic acid common antimicrobial preservatives are presented in the table nitrates and nitrites are also antimicrobial the detailed mechanism of these chemical compounds range from inhibiting growth of the bacteria to the inhibition of specific enzymes topic antioxidants the oxidation process spoils most food especially those with a high fat content fat is quickly turn rancid when exposed to oxygen antioxidants prevent or inhibit the oxidation process the most common antioxidant additives are ascorbic acid vitamin c and ascorbate thus antioxidants are commonly added to oils cheese and chips other antioxidants include the phenol derivatives bha bht tbhq and propyl gallate these agents suppress the formation of hydroperoxides other preservatives include ethanol and methylchloroisothiazolinone a variety of agents are added to sequester deactivate metal ions that otherwise catalyze the oxidation of fats common sequestering agents are disodium edta citric acid and citrates tartaric acid and lecithin topic non synthetic compounds for food preservation citric and ascorbic acid target enzymes that degrade fruits and vegetables eg mono poly fennel oxidase which turns surfaces of cut apples and potatoes brown ascorbic acid and tocopherol which are vitamins are common preservatives smoking entails exposing food to a variety of phenols which are antioxidants natural preservatives include rosemary and oregano extract hops salt sugar vinegar alcohol diatomaceous earth and castor oil traditional preservatives such as sodium benzoate have raised health concerns in the past benzoate was shown in a study to cause hypersensitivity in some asthma sufferers this has caused re examination of natural preservatives which occur in vegetables topic history and methods preservatives have been used since prehistoric times smoked meat for example has phenols and other chemicals that delay spoilage the preservation of foods has evolved greatly over the centuries and has been instrumental in increasing food security the use of preservatives other than traditional oils salts paints etc in food began in the late 19th century but was not widespread until the 20th century the use of food preservatives varies greatly depending on the country many developing countries that do not have strong governments to regulate food additives face either harmful levels of preservatives in foods or a complete avoidance of foods that are considered unnatural or foreign these countries have also proven useful in case studies surrounding chemical preservatives as they have been only recently introduced in urban slums of highly populated countries the knowledge about contents of food tends to be extremely low despite consumption of these imported foods topic drying in ancient times the sun and wind naturally dried out foods middle eastern and oriental cultures started drying foods in 1200 bc in the sun the romans used a lot of dry fruit in the middle ages the people made still houses where fruits vegetables and herbs were could dry out in climates that did not have strong sunlight for drying sometimes fires were made to create heat to dry foods drying prevents yeasts and bread molds rhizopus from growing by removing moisture so bacteria cannot grow topic freezing cellars caves and cool streams were used for freezing american estates had ice houses built to store ice and food on the ice ice house was then converted to an icebox icebox was converted in the 1800 is to mechanical refrigeration clarence birdseye found in the 1800 is that freezing meats and vegetables at a low temperature made them taste better topic fermenting fermenting was discovered when a few grains of barley were left in the rain and turned into beer microorganisms ferment the starch derived sugars into alcohol this is also how fruits are fermented into wine and cabbage into kimchi or sauerkraut anthropologists believe that as early as 10 people began to settle and grow barley they began to make beer and believed that it was a gift from gods it was used to preserve foods and to create more nutritious foods from less desirable ingredients vitamins are produced through fermentation by microorganisms making the end product more nutritious topic pickling pickling occurs when foods are placed in a container with vinegar or another acid it is thought that pickling came about when people used to place food and wine or beer to preserve it due to them having a low ph containers had to be stoneware or glass vinegar will dissolve metal from pots after the food was even the pickling brine had other uses romans would make a concentrated pickle sauce called garam it was very concentrated and the dish that it would be used in would only need a few drops to get the fish taste due to new foods arriving from europe in the 16th century food preservation increased ketchup originated from europe as an oriental fish brine and when it made it to america sugar was added pickling sauces were soon part of many recipes such as chutneys relish piccalilli mustard and ketchup when different spices were added to them topic curing the beginning of curing was done through dehydration salting was used by early cultures to help desiccate foods many different salts were used from different places such as rock salt sea salt spiced salt etc people began to experiment and found in the 1800 is that some salts gave meat an appealing red color instead of the grave that they were used to during their experimenting in the 1920s they realized this mixture of salts where nitrates saltpeter that prevented clostridium botulinum growth topic jam and jelly the early cultures also used honey or sugar as a preservative greece used a quince and honey mixture with a slight amount of drying and then tightly packed into jars the romans used the same technique but instead cooked the honey and quince mixture to make a solid texture the indian and oriental traders brought sugarcane to the northern climates where housewives were then able to learn to make preservatives by heating fruit with the sugar cane topic channing canning started in 1790 from a french confectioner nicolas appert when he found that by applying heat to food in sealed glass bottles the food is free from spoilage efforts ideas were tried by the french navy with meat vegetables fruit and milk in 1806 an englishman peter duran decided to use efforts method on tin cans in 1810 even though appert found a method that worked he did not understand why it worked because many believed that the lack of air caused the preservation in 1864 louis pasteur linked food spoilage illness to microorganisms different foods are placed into jars or cans and heated to a microorganism and enzyme in activating temperature they are then cooled forming a vacuum seal which prevents microorganisms from contaminating the foods topic public awareness of food preservation public awareness of food preservatives as uneven americans have a perception that foodborne illnesses happen more often in other countries this may be true but the occurrence of illnesses hospitalizations and deaths are still high it is estimated by the center for disease control cdc that each year there are 76000000 illnesses 325000 hospitalizations and 5000 deaths linked to foodborne illness the increasing demand for ready to eat fresh food products has led to challenges for food distributors regarding the safety and quality of their foods artificial preservatives meet some of these challenges by preserving freshness for longer periods of time but these preservatives can cause negative side effects as well sodium nitrite as a preservative used in lunch meats hams sausages hotdogs and bacon to prevent botulism it serves the important function of controlling the bacteria that cause botulism but sodium nitrite can react with proteins or during cooking at high heat to form carcinogenic and nitrosamines it has also been linked to cancer in lab animals the commonly used sodium benzoate has been found to extend the shelf life of bottled tomato paste to 40 weeks without loss of quality however it can form the carcinogen benzene when combined with vitamin c many food manufacturers have reformed their products to eliminate this combination but a risk still exists consumption of sodium benzoate may also cause hyperactivity for over 30 years there has been a debate about whether or not preservatives and other food additives can cause hyperactivity studies have found that there may be increases in hyperactivity amongst children who consume artificial colorings and benzoate preservatives and who are already genetically predisposed to hyperactivity but these studies were not entirely conclusive hyperactivity only increased moderately and it was not determined if the preservatives colorings or a combination of the 2 were responsible for the increase

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYOVRsiwprE

and hello everyone and welcome to the precursors now the precursors here is a bit of a different game than what i normally play this is not an adventure game what this is is this is a first person shooter open world science fiction game but it's also a game that is a little uncommon it's actually kind of hard to get this game here in the us and i love this game this game has an aesthetic and a story and that sort of thing goes completely different than what you've seen in a lot of places and so um i just wanted to play it and share it so you can see what it's like too and hopefully you'll enjoy it um as i said the precursors is a little hard to get it is a russian game with all that all that that implies and the only place i've ever actually seen it for sale here in the west is the gamer's gate now part of the problem is once you get the game you have to install not one but two separate patches to actually make the game playable you see when they converted the game to english they cut out all the russian dialogue but along with the russian dialogue they also cut out all the ambient sounds like gunfire or things like that you know things you might like to know are going on around you so the first patch for the game restores all of that and then the second patch puts the english dialogue back in because in the cut scenes there are no subtitles so without english dialogue you have no idea what's going on now it's a fan page so some of the quality here is a little iffy but hey you can follow the story and it's actually quite an interesting story and like i said this is a first person shooter which means you'll be spending time running around with a automatic weapon shooting at raiders but you can also pilot a starship and engage in dog fights you can buy and sell cargos and sell them between star systems you get to pilot giant robots and mechs you get to drive a vehicle around it's all your usual open world stuff it's just in a science fiction environment like you've probably never seen before and that's why i really enjoy it now in full disclosure here i did start a let's play of this several years ago i got through maybe a dozen episodes and then my computer died i mean literally died and i just never got around to reinstalling the game because it's got a slightly annoying drm phone home thing you have to go through to reinstall and then there's that whole multiple patch thing where you have to download and reinstall these patches i just never got back to it but somebody brought it up in the past week or so and i started thinking about it going you know i'd really like to finish that sometime so let's do a let's play out of it and here we are so anyway here we are i hope you enjoy it and let's get started with the precursors and here we are in the introductory scene and as you can see already it has its own little aesthetic and everything and i hope you like neon because you're going to be seeing a lot of it and here we come yes things do not start off well for us immediately see even the starship has neon on it and here's some of that fan dialogue i was talking about alex alex are you alive i think yes i'll check it out ah damn i'm alive partially me too but my arm hurts and how could this have happened to us because you said the ship has passed through full technical testing all systems worked perfectly and the probability of an accident was absolutely zero a look as a matter of fact wait where is this new guy terese crichton or whatever his name is uh i don't know but maybe he was in the cabin oh [ __ ] look at this that creature is dragging trees soldier how are you stand up corporal there's no need to wallow here you winding him up what was he doing and the reason this in the game proper finally the reason we don't get a fancy set of battle dress is because we're a pilot not a space marine so why we're doing this training i am i don't know now if you'll notice up at the top left all that text up there is in english but they're actually speaking russian there's a plant shooting at us let's see what we can do okay i get it and we're off to a great start here um there's another plant back here i bet and yep whoops it's not dead reload remember to reload okay um there are a couple of space marines up here in front of us and they seem to have had a not so good encounter with the planets themselves but i don't know where they went but there's another behind there it is see it i think we got it okay what did happen to those two space marines are they dead back here somewhere it's a recedist killer plant well i guess that explains a few things but okay where am i oh i'm going this way and why do we even own this planet what's what are we doing here glacier is dangerous like something out of a nightmare careful bugs and he doesn't mean necessarily the six-legged kind either uh one of the problems this game is it tends to have a there's a memory leak somewhere it tends to start going into slideshow mode and crash after a while and there's a there it is okay that's dead up ooh all over my viewscreen sunflowers what is that thing okay there's something over here weapon crates take as much as you can carry you don't need to tell me twice oh look we have a rocket launcher i'm sure we won't need that for any reason there's no one up here let's not waste the rocket launcher right away another bug [ __ ] you have been perceived as a friend by the empire okay whoever they are i guess they like the blue kill bugs wonder what that weird sound was imperial ship is crash landed somewhere nearby hey i thought you liked me i guess we're not that good of a friend yeah okay those guys are wearing battle dress that was probably a little close to me but he's dead now um there's one over there too rocket launcher somebody's still around got a grenade from somewhere up crap did i get him i guess i got him okay one rocket left i hope there's more than one not more than one soldier left oh nephew a lot of rockets that sounds fine guess that's the crash [ __ ] oh screw that i'm not fighting a giant robot right now nope sorry all right uh yes i guess somebody is still alive down there they were shooting at me thanks for the help okay let's see what's in this cave that my mission seems to be sending me to i'm sure okay i give up what is that seriously what is that what is that no idea sir it's impossible the training program doesn't allow that right there such an error can't house crichton the cadet feels fine i'm observing a slight elevation of heartbeat rate according to the readings the cadet has stopped the execution of the program by his own strength of will but that's not possible technically no but in light of recent studies there is a theory about unique persons who have the ability to consciously influence even the more complicated quantum processes than those taking place in computer memory are you suggesting that he's take him out of stasis when he comes around tell him he got the full marks the examination is over for today inform the other cadets they'll be taking the teamwork and survival and extreme conditions test tomorrow proceed yes sir sir cadet triss crichton was delighted to learn he's got the highest mark usually the graduates who got such results are assigned to casilla to the honorary service of the elder guard but tris was sent to golden golden could hardly be called a planet a hole on the edge of the universe if not for nifty mining nobody would have even heard of it however it was one of the last two planets belonging to the amarn race over the last decades this once mighty and powerful race has lost almost all of their possessions across the galaxy now everything was run by either the empire or the democratic union i think by race they mean culture or civilization not actual race the only thing that triss was glad for was that ira was also assigned to golden tris and ira didn't expect anything special from golden they were confident that everything that awaited them were raider skirmishes in the desert and drunken brawls in the local bar and you can decide which of those is their job and which one they do for fun still dress cryden's father used to serve on colton tris didn't know much about him but was hoping to find his father's old comrades in arms surely they remembered greg crichton and could tell a few impressive tales about him i'm sure they can and that voice sounded almost french for a second there well anyway here we are on the planet golden there's another planet over there and this is the star port um we apparently just came in on that little shuttle it's hard to tell there's a couple of them floating around um anyway this is the start of the game proper as i'm sure you just realized what we just went through was the tutorial introduction so we'll get to that in a minute or get beyond that in a little bit but i think i'm going to stop here for today because this is right before getting into the game proper and i don't want to run this thing out too long for the first game so anyway welcome to the precursors until next time i am dennis i am can't stop the paleogamer and i will see you next time you

and hello everyone and welcome to the precursors now the precursors here is a bit of a different game than what i normally play this is not an adventure game what this is is this is a 1st person shooter open world science fiction game but it is also a game that is a little uncommon it is actually kind of hard to get this game here in the us and i love this game this game has an esthetic and a story and that sort of thing goes completely different than what you have seen in a lot of places and so i just wanted to play it and share it so you can see what it is like too and hopefully you will enjoy it as i said the precursors is a little hard to get it is a russian game with all that all that that implies and the only place i have ever actually seen it for sale here in the west is the gamer is gate now part of the problem is once you get the game you have to install not one but 2 separate patches to actually make the game playable you see when they converted the game to english they cut out all the russian dialog but along with the russian dialog they also cut out all the ambient sounds like gunfire or things like that you know things you might like to know are going on around you so the 1st patch for the game restores all of that and then the 2nd patch puts the english dialog back in because in the cut scenes there are no subtitles so without english dialog you have no idea what is going on now it is a fan page so some of the quality here is a little iffy but hey you can follow the story and it is actually quite an interesting story and like i said this is a 1st person shooter which means you will be spending time running around with a automatic weapon shooting at raiders but you can also pilot a starship and engage in dog fights you can buy and sell cargos and sell them between star systems you get to pilot giant robots and mechs you get to drive a vehicle around it is all your usual open world stuff it is just in a science fiction environment like you have probably never seen before and that is why i really enjoy it now in full disclosure here i did start a let us play of this several years ago i got through maybe a dozen episodes and then my computer died i mean literally died and i just never got around to reinstalling the game because it has got a slightly annoying drm phone home thing you have to go through to reinstall and then there is that whole multiple patch thing where you have to download and reinstall these patches i just never got back to it but somebody brought it up in the past week or so and i started thinking about it going you know i would really like to finish that sometime so let us do a let us play out of it and here we are so anyway here we are i hope you enjoy it and let us get started with the precursors and here we are in the introductory scene and as you can see already it has its own little esthetic and everything and i hope you like neon because you are going to be seeing a lot of it and here we come yes things do not start off well for us immediately see even the starship has neon on it and here is some of that fan dialog i was talking about alex alex are you alive i think yes i will check it out ah damn i am alive partially me too but my arm hurts and how could this have happened to us because you said the ship has passed through full technical testing all systems worked perfectly and the probability of an accident was absolutely 0 a look as a matter of fact wait where is this new guy terese crichton or whatever his name is i do not know but maybe he was in the cabin 0 look at this that creature is dragging trees soldier how are you stand up corporal there is no need to wallow here you winding him up what was he doing and the reason this in the game proper finally the reason we do not get a fancy set of battle dress is because we are a pilot not a space marine so why we are doing this training i am i do not know now if you will notice up at the top left all that text up there is in english but they are actually speaking russian there is a plant shooting at us let us see what we can do okay i get it and we are off to a great start here there is another plant back here i bet and yep whoops it is not dead reload remember to reload okay there are a couple of space marines up here in front of us and they seem to have had a not so good encounter with the planets themselves but i do not know where they went but there is another behind there it is see it i think we got it okay what did happen to those 2 space marines are they dead back here somewhere it is a recedist killer plant well i guess that explains a few things but okay where am i 0 i am going this way and why do we even own this planet what is what are we doing here glacier is dangerous like something out of a nightmare careful bugs and he does not mean necessarily the 6 legged kind either one of the problems this game is it tends to have a there is a memory leak somewhere it tends to start going into slideshow mode and crash after a while and there is a there it is okay that is dead up ooh all over my viewscreen sunflowers what is that thing okay there is something over here weapon crates take as much as you can carry you do not need to tell me twice 0 look we have a rocket launcher i am sure we will not need that for any reason there is no one up here let us not waste the rocket launcher right away another bug you have been perceived as a friend by the empire okay whoever they are i guess they like the blue kill bugs wonder what that weird sound was imperial ship is crash landed somewhere nearby hey i thought you liked me i guess we are not that good of a friend yeah okay those guys are wearing battle dress that was probably a little close to me but he is dead now there is one over there too rocket launcher somebody is still around got a grenade from somewhere up crap did i get him i guess i got him okay one rocket left i hope there is more than one not more than one soldier left 0 nephew a lot of rockets that sounds fine guess that is the crash 0 screw that i am not fighting a giant robot right now nope sorry all right yes i guess somebody is still alive down there they were shooting at me thanks for the help okay let us see what is in this cave that my mission seems to be sending me to i am sure okay i give up what is that seriously what is that what is that no idea sir it is impossible the training program does not allow that right there such an error can not house crichton the cadet feels fine i am observing a slight elevation of heartbeat rate according to the readings the cadet has stopped the execution of the program by his own strength of will but that is not possible technically no but in light of recent studies there is a theory about unique persons who have the ability to consciously influence even the more complicated quantum processes than those taking place in computer memory are you suggesting that he is take him out of stasis when he comes around tell him he got the full marks the examination is over for today inform the other cadets they will be taking the teamwork and survival and extreme conditions test tomorrow proceed yes sir sir cadet triss crichton was delighted to learn he has got the highest mark usually the graduates who got such results are assigned to casilla to the honorary service of the elder guard but tris was sent to golden golden could hardly be called a planet a hole on the edge of the universe if not for nifty mining nobody would have even heard of it however it was one of the last 2 planets belonging to the amarn race over the last decades this once mighty and powerful race has lost almost all of their possessions across the galaxy now everything was run by either the empire or the democratic union i think by race they mean culture or civilization not actual race the only thing that triss was glad for was that ira was also assigned to golden tris and ira did not expect anything special from golden they were confident that everything that awaited them were raider skirmishes in the desert and drunken brawls in the local bar and you can decide which of those is their job and which one they do for fun still dress cryden is father used to serve on colton tris did not know much about him but was hoping to find his father is old comrades in arms surely they remembered greg crichton and could tell a few impressive tales about him i am sure they can and that voice sounded almost french for a 2nd there well anyway here we are on the planet golden there is another planet over there and this is the star port we apparently just came in on that little shuttle it is hard to tell there is a couple of them floating around anyway this is the start of the game proper as i am sure you just realized what we just went through was the tutorial introduction so we will get to that in a minute or get beyond that in a little bit but i think i am going to stop here for today because this is right before getting into the game proper and i do not want to run this thing out too long for the 1st game so anyway welcome to the precursors until next time i am dennis i am can not stop the paleogamer and i will see you next time you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYihQ7JAdPI

bien [Applause] [Music] round one beginning ring countdown the old father blesses me with sight of enemies and their traps i'm taking fire reloading [Applause] reloading battling the enemy oh father give me sight stop reloading reloading is [Music] [Applause] sure are split up let's hurry contact with up reloading more enemies down [Music] reloading 10 seconds still ring close let's go let's go let's go [Music] [Applause] incoming let's get to the lc hostile [Music] reloading there's another [Music] squad delivered evil shield here level three blessings upon us our replicators to sense let's go over here what do you think is over here the train is departing next stop thermal station barrel stabilizer here level three scanning the area let's go over here we go check out here let's go over here let's go over here bless me with sight oh father give me sight taking fire okay we're all over the map phoenix kit here here [Music] survey beacon here [Music] reloading my ultimate is ready the hunt begins we could check out here reloading oh look someone wandered into our safe space bless me the sight hit the ejector seat i'm going in reloading okay we're all over the map down one freeloading car company and they're not here to sell me chickens freeloading [Music] hey amigos this dude's not with us in combating right here enemy spotted near me hey amigos this one's not with us that one's out for the count down another one that's the last of them amigos open supply bin over here trails linger they lead straight to my prey scanning the area i got company and they're not here to sell me chickens taking fire taking fire freeloading sure are split up scanning the area contact with hostile reloading [Music] the ring is closed time graces us contact another squad is attacking us let's go over here marking our surroundings hey amigos this dude's not with us care package being delivered care packaging coming let's get to the lc [Music] with me space [Music] okay reloading contact let's get here phoenix kit here reloading bless me with sight reloading [Applause] oh begins reloading we're [Music] in red recharging my shields that entire squad has fallen two enemy squads live we take a we're already inside the ring marking our surroundings another contact [Music] evil shield here level three reload the shooting at me hurt me [Music] reloading warning ring movement in progress care package being delivered taking a moment to recharge my shields replicator being delivered replicator touching enemy real close about time we got ourselves a fight reloading down one they are not getting back up the old father blesses me with sight of enemies and their traps scanning the area round five beginning ring countdown we're outside the ring awesome means i can run reloading perished [Music] my ultimate is ready the hunt begins [Music] you

bien round one beginning ring countdown the old father blesses me with sight of enemies and their traps i am taking fire reloading reloading battling the enemy 0 father give me sight stop reloading reloading is sure are split up let us hurry contact with up reloading more enemies down reloading 10 seconds still ring close let us go let us go let us go incoming let us get to the lc hostile reloading there is another squad delivered evil shield here level 3 blessings upon us our replicators to sense let us go over here what do you think is over here the train is departing next stop thermal station barrel stabilizer here level 3 scanning the area let us go over here we go check out here let us go over here let us go over here bless me with sight 0 father give me sight taking fire okay we are all over the map phoenix kit here here survey beacon here reloading my ultimate is ready the hunt begins we could check out here reloading 0 look someone wandered into our safe space bless me the sight hit the ejector seat i am going in reloading okay we are all over the map down one freeloading car company and they are not here to sell me chickens freeloading hey amigos this dude is not with us in combating right here enemy spotted near me hey amigos this one is not with us that one is out for the count down another one that is the last of them amigos open supply bin over here trails linger they lead straight to my prey scanning the area i got company and they are not here to sell me chickens taking fire taking fire freeloading sure are split up scanning the area contact with hostile reloading the ring is closed time graces us contact another squad is attacking us let us go over here marking our surroundings hey amigos this dude is not with us care package being delivered care packaging coming let us get to the lc with me space okay reloading contact let us get here phoenix kit here reloading bless me with sight reloading 0 begins reloading we are in red recharging my shields that entire squad has fallen 2 enemy squads live we take a we are already inside the ring marking our surroundings another contact evil shield here level 3 reload the shooting at me hurt me reloading warning ring movement in progress care package being delivered taking a moment to recharge my shields replicator being delivered replicator touching enemy real close about time we got ourselves a fight reloading down one they are not getting back up the old father blesses me with sight of enemies and their traps scanning the area round 5 beginning ring countdown we are outside the ring awesome means i can run reloading perished my ultimate is ready the hunt begins you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ctNNFvksxPI

revolution a place where all of our leaders and members but not all of us but some of us come together and discuss the politics of the week and what is coming ahead and so rosanna and scott and michael good morning revolution y'all good morning revolution there you go i like it when you say it was a verb some enthusiasm and it is indeed a very good morning beautiful day here in new york city and it's been quite a week and at the top of the week was the president uh spoke to a joint session of congress and it was quite a speech huh before we get into that could we talk about the uh um our fund drive that that uh that we just wrapped up well we the pw uh the people's world just completed a fun drive and i am really really really happy to announce that we have exceeded our goal we more than doubled it wow it's around 110 000 we brought in we thought we it was going to be 50 and if you're watching and you're a member of the party you should be really proud of yourself and if you're not a member of the party and you're a supporter of the people's world trade unionists or just an average rank and foul worker if you're uh a mom standing at home thinking about how we're going to put food on the table if you're a dad if if you're you know working construction or or working at the wendy's or wherever you're working or if you're unemployed this is the new source that fights for your interest peoplesworld.org and we were able to complete and double our drive so thank you thank you everyone generosity of the working class this is yeah beautiful we rose to the occasion thank you revolution thank you revolution you know you can't have a revolutionary movement larry said without revolutionary theory he forgot to mention you can't have it unless you have some revolutionary finances that's that's really really really really it's a capital question mark marks wrote that book capital he wasn't joking anyway so thank you everyone so part two the president's and uh spoke to it was quite a speech i listened to it this morning rosanna and i thought that uh there were some there were some important things there you know did you get a chance to listen to it oh yeah i did yeah okay definitely did i feel the same way yeah what struck you about it well a couple of things one when he says trickle-down theory never worked i thought that was really really key uh i thought also when he talked about the white supremacy is terrorism or domestic terrorism something like that a violence against women addressing a lot of the issues that the movement has been addressing and has pushed to be addressed the issue of poverty i know the poor people's campaign has been pushing you know that as a central focus and and uh and addressing the issues so i thought that those were really important i was a little concerned about the foreign policy still sort of uh uh really yeah i mean i'm glad he's pulling out of afghanistan even my own personal for personal reasons as well as just the the you know the people of afghanistan who have lost so many lives and um but and then other you know sort of i don't think there's any need to be aggressive i think diplomatic relations will get us much more uh favorable working conditions or working together collectively as a world movement there's a world power to be able to to um just be able to you know get along and do the things that we need to do globally stop interfering with other countries let's get the hell out of those for one michael did you listen to the speech i mean what do you think uh with respect i know foreign policy uh is one of the things that that interests you did you i know that there were some new things in this speech but did you see anything new there well yeah i watched it live um and and of course i'm also disappointed in the foreign policy which i mean i don't think that's a surprise to anyone um i guess i was shocked in a good way about um how he called white supremacy uh terrorism i was i was giggling a little bit when he was talking about health care and uh taxing the rich uh rich people paying uh paying their share you know the millionaires billionaires the camera kept panning over to bernie said you know as if abc i was watching abc as if they were saying this thing and now he's saying it so i thought that was good you know and this isn't the same biden that i remember i'm not very old but uh that i remember from you know 10 12 years ago and that's not that biden is changing as a person you know he probably still believes what he believes but the people's movements have really changed the the political moment you know the defeat of trump and then uh the kind of people's reaction to uh trump saying that the the elections were a a sham you know and um then of course the january 6 attack on the capital and the people's response to that you know the response to defend democracy against the fascist danger i think that's kind of given uh biden a wake-up call and saying okay you know i'm gonna have to govern a little bit differently um to please these people you know who put me here because it was a i think he understands it was a broad movement that defeated trump um and i think he's gonna have to respond you know in terms of health care in terms of immigration which i think he needed uh that was lacking definitely in his speech his immigration uh plan and how to get there i know that was some of the critique um and then also on climate change you know the the climate change you have that climate summit with other world leaders and so you know how exactly are we going to get there if congress doesn't approve it you know that i think that was also lacking but overall i i was pleasantly surprised with it um and we're going to have to keep fighting like hell to get these things implemented starting with the pro act right scott and i think uh rosanna kind of hit the nail on the head with respect to his comment about the end of uh not the end but he said uh trickle down don't work it has to uh go from the bottom up is this the end of that was reagan and the beginning of uh austerity and and and and what the intellectuals like to call neo-liberalism is this the end of neo-liberalism and the the beginning of a new economic framework in a certain sense you know it has been argued and i think um not incorrectly that uh the end of neoliberalism as an order a sort of global or imperial uh capitalist policy consensus uh occurred already in 2008 that that system was broken in 2008 and there's been this there's this ongoing struggle of of over what comes next is it going to be a more democratic you know alternative or is it going to be a you know a fascist uh order uh that takes the place of neoliberalism and certainly um biden's speech was a major uh recognition that the momentum uh is behind uh the the democratic option um and uh the comment on white supremacy i think was you know also really really important i agree with um with rosanna and michael uh you know we our party's been talking for a while about the the extreme right the need to decisively defeat the extreme right um and there are really i think three or four main components of that the top three would be um you know breaking down the the white supremacist terrorist kind of infrastructure of that of the trump movement um winning real uh big voting rights reform one moving toward one person one vote uh and winning the pro act to to democratize workplaces and you know all three of these are things that um the democratic majority uh is is pushing uh actively for and i think that's hugely promising uh but there's work to be done for sure still wait wait wait wait wait wait hold on hold up 2008 there was the 2007 the recession subprime ripoff banks collapse okay so that was the end of uh that was a big thing but obama eight years and then you had uh trump they were still basically operating within the old economic framework weren't they uh i think i mean yes in the sense that there was a holdover right there was there nothing else had been found in a certain sense yet there was no um no new consensus no new framework had emerged um but they they were diverging um certainly the affordable care act uh was a step toward the kinds of of sweeping you know democratic reforms that we're seeing now um just as you know the uh the tea party and then after that the the trump regime were a strong push toward the the fascist alternative um but it was kind of like trumpism was president obama was the grand compromise he was trying to get that kind of thing going on and they said no no no no what's his name the head of the senate yeah no we're not going to give you anything and they didn't and then trump got elected and it was neoliberalism on crack you know it was like the epitome of trickle down but it all kind of except with all also with new features um the the protectionism the extreme nationalism the the skepticism about kind of global alliances that is a very strong break with the neoliberal um uh tradition even with um with the sort of neoconservative uh well i think it's important to to at least i don't know maybe i'm i'm i'm thinking it this way uh neoliberalism would have continued if the people's movement hadn't made shifts hadn't learned the less some of the lessons so it's really it goes back down to or not down but it goes back to the people's movement has made this possible it's the lessons that that all of us have learned from these last years of experience of what needs to be done and not fall for the same lines this is why trickle down isn't going to work anymore because people are not falling for it anymore in my opinion right yeah i agree with that right and and and you know uh january 6 scared the hell out of them all of them all of us too i mean you know and i think it shook you know on the one hand you had the tremendous movements of the last year black lives matter the strikes strike waves that took place remember that don't forget about that teachers auto workers strike waves and and uh the immigration protests and women's movement you had all of these movements coming together and interacting and converging and reconverging and and then but also you had a mass movement on the right you had a mass movement on the right and and and and and they didn't want to accept democracy and that the bourgeois democracy okay yeah it was but they didn't want to accept it and so they tried to overthrow the government and that scared the hell out of the powers that be too you know i think at least a section of them and uh and so i think it it helped propel the uh the uh policy changes with respect to that have been because a lot of this stuff was bernie's platform in 2016 uh michael and uh you know people i mean that that's that started way back then and and and now they i think that they feel compelled because of the people's movement as rosanna was saying to implement it in a very vigorous way why because they got to win the midterm elections i think and i also think that um not that i i i don't have any illusion that the majority of american people are out there saying oh the system's called capitalism or neoliberal i don't think they use those terms but i think the pandemic economy on top of all of trump trump's crazy nonsense you know his mouth and his racist racist policies and you know anti-people anti-planet policies i think just all of that on top of the pandemic economy over the past year has woken people up to say you know whatever we have isn't working whatever we have isn't working and i think biden has heard that cry and said you know i've got to make some changes you know swing bernie's direction maybe take some notes from him uh to move forward yeah okay go ahead scott go ahead um so uh you mentioned these these two mass movements the one the the people's movement and and the far right movement i think a mistake that um you know we sometimes see people making in there in their political analysis is to think of the capitalist class as monolithic and to think especially of uh the sort of moderates or centrists or sometimes called neo-liberals or whatever as the representative of the whole capitalist class so you know hillary clinton bill clinton tony blair um biden for some people uh as like the real face of capitalism um when that's it's really not that at all the two dynamic forces are as you point out the movements this this people's movement demanding democratic change and the far-right movement um you know trying to to crush that and and roll it back and this you know democratic section of the ruling class uh centrist moderates liberal bourgeoisie whatever you want to call them um are are caught right they they they can shift both ways based on which movement is stronger um and they're they're not the defining force in in politics right now i don't think all right so let's talk a little bit about the most important thing that happened during these 100 days in your opinion the most significant development that that that occurred in a positive or negative way so i'll start for me it was the passing of that part of the legislation that's going to eliminate child poverty well it's not going to eliminate it's going to cut it in half that tax credit really really important that's going to be a boon uh for a lot of working families a lot of families with single parents single mom a single dad and i just think that that's huge that was pulled forward by one of the women congress uh persons from connecticut connecticut rosa delario is that her name yeah delaro and it became part of that legislation very important uh rosanna in your opinion most important thing positive negative that happened during these 100 days well i would agree the you know the the stimulus package the the money that people receive because you can feel it you can feel it in the air that people were you know desperate or just not knowing how you know whether they're gonna get there some kind of um some kind of assistance in some way it was getting down to the wire for a lot of people so i really feel that that's that was key okay michael i think um biden's support which really started with his endorsement of the uh organizing workers in bessemer alabama and uh regarding the pro act he said send it to my desk which of course was the the slogan of the afl-cio's big phone banking week for for the pro act and so i think union support from the president during this time during the pandemic economy i think is the most significant okay good uh scott uh i i think both it's hard to choose i think both of those are incredibly significant uh and positive i think maybe for me the most significant thing is that um he and uh he and vice president harris were inaugurated on time uh that the orderly uh transfer of power according to the will of the people happened despite the best efforts of of the extreme right to stop it um uh that the the awareness um as you mentioned that they grew around that of the of the threats of democracy is is extremely significant and on the negative side the the republican reaction uh these attempts to um drastically curtail voting rights in something like 30 states as well as these new laws to punish protesters um you know that's the the other side of this and and that's extremely dangerous you're trying to outlaw protesting rosanna we're not going to have it we're not going to make it happen we're not going to let it happen no no no if you remember if you remember the curfews that were set in place when the the black lives matter movement uh you know in support of um no not in support of but you know protesting the killing of george floyd and others there were curfews that were set in place and people said no we you know we're mad we you know we want justice we want change so it's not gonna happen some of us got some of us got trapped on the brooklyn bridge because of that that curfew yep yeah they wouldn't let y'all go home another really positive thing that happened during the 100 days was the conviction of children in minneapolis no no question about that but one of the negative things maybe was the most negative in my opinion was uh the bombing yes the syria that took place you know that that was not good not good any other negatives you want to mention during the 100 days he promised to do something with student debt immediately and that didn't happen the 50 000 or 10 thousand whatever he initially promised it wasn't done in the first um hundred days he's also ratcheted up the the the saber rattling on china i think even beyond where where trump was you know he's clearly framing uh you're talking about winning america will win the 21st century clearly framing us as being in a new uh superpower war with uh china and and potentially russia as well and that's uh terrifying man i just don't understand why the ruling class in this country got this terrible uh grip on their mentality on their minds this is about leading the world we're the best in the west kind of chauvinism that that why just can't you just live in harmony with other people in countries why you got to be the leader you know um just uh i just don't don't get it you know joe this country is built on by immigrants it's comprised of immigrants of all over the world i don't think you will not find somebody that lives in this country that is from another part of the world so i i i we are we are showing that harmony is possible because we are getting along here for the most part i would say you know if it wasn't for the anti-immigrant propaganda you know this this country would would be a good cri would be a great country because we can show the resilience of of uh all of us coming together from all over the world and and and living in peace and harmony so i i it's it's uh it still boggles my mind i i'm still processing that part of it but i think it's it's uh you know we can't forget that that none of us are here well many of us are not here from this country if that makes sense but um you know we're all immigrants for for the most part i'm not discounting the the you know the indigenous people of course they're they're the only original um people here in the us but the majority of us are immigrants we come from all over the world and we better hang together we want to hang separately well i think that that does it we want to invite everybody to work with us over the next 100 days which will start on may day tomorrow happy may day everybody yeah happy may day you know it's the workers day you know fighting for the eight hour day we need six hour day right remember we're fighting for now six hours with no cutting pay and huh should be four based on how much activity has grown since it's 1977. i've heard that i can live with that four hours a day it's got an update that's not for people who work for the for the party we still get exploited by the working class we start tomorrow mayday happy may day everybody and on sunday weekend uh going to have a program sunday evening women tried back to pw and a number of other organizations panelists are going to be talking about the struggles of working class women against unemployment and the effects of the covet crisis and we're going to be back here next friday same time same station so until then stay strong stay safe and stay in the fight take care happy may day everybody bye happy comrades

revolution a place where all of our leaders and members but not all of us but some of us come together and discuss the politics of the week and what is coming ahead and so rosanna and scott and michael good morning revolution you all good morning revolution there you go i like it when you say it was a verb some enthusiasm and it is indeed a very good morning beautiful day here in new york city and it has been quite a week and at the top of the week was the president spoke to a joint session of congress and it was quite a speech huh before we get into that could we talk about the our fund drive that that that we just wrapped up well we the pw the people is world just completed a fun drive and i am really really really happy to announce that we have exceeded our goal we more than doubled it wow it is around 110 0 we brought in we thought we it was going to be 50 and if you are watching and you are a member of the party you should be really proud of yourself and if you are not a member of the party and you are a supporter of the people is world trade unionists or just an average rank and foul worker if you are a mom standing at home thinking about how we are going to put food on the table if you are a dad if if you are you know working construction or or working at the wendy is or wherever you are working or if you are unemployed this is the new source that fights for your interest peoplesworld org and we were able to complete and double our drive so thank you thank you everyone generosity of the working class this is yeah beautiful we rose to the occasion thank you revolution thank you revolution you know you can not have a revolutionary movement larry said without revolutionary theory he forgot to mention you can not have it unless you have some revolutionary finances that is that is really really really really it is a capital question mark marks wrote that book capital he was not joking anyway so thank you everyone so part 2 the president is and spoke to it was quite a speech i listened to it this morning rosanna and i thought that there were some there were some important things there you know did you get a chance to listen to it 0 yeah i did yeah okay definitely did i feel the same way yeah what struck you about it well a couple of things one when he says trickle down theory never worked i thought that was really really key i thought also when he talked about the white supremacy is terrorism or domestic terrorism something like that a violence against women addressing a lot of the issues that the movement has been addressing and has pushed to be addressed the issue of poverty i know the poor people is campaign has been pushing you know that as a central focus and and and addressing the issues so i thought that those were really important i was a little concerned about the foreign policy still sort of really yeah i mean i am glad he is pulling out of afghanistan even my own personal for personal reasons as well as just the the you know the people of afghanistan who have lost so many lives and but and then other you know sort of i do not think there is any need to be aggressive i think diplomatic relations will get us much more favorable working conditions or working together collectively as a world movement there is a world power to be able to to just be able to you know get along and do the things that we need to do globally stop interfering with other countries let us get the hell out of those for one michael did you listen to the speech i mean what do you think with respect i know foreign policy is one of the things that that interests you did you i know that there were some new things in this speech but did you see anything new there well yeah i watched it live and and of course i am also disappointed in the foreign policy which i mean i do not think that is a surprise to anyone i guess i was shocked in a good way about how he called white supremacy terrorism i was i was giggling a little bit when he was talking about health care and taxing the rich rich people paying paying their share you know the millionaires billionaires the camera kept panning over to bernie said you know as if abc i was watching abc as if they were saying this thing and now he is saying it so i thought that was good you know and this is not the same biden that i remember i am not very old but that i remember from you know 10 12 years ago and that is not that biden is changing as a person you know he probably still believes what he believes but the people is movements have really changed the the political moment you know the defeat of trump and then the kind of people is reaction to trump saying that the the elections were a a sham you know and then of course the january 6 attack on the capital and the people is response to that you know the response to defend democracy against the fascist danger i think that is kind of given biden a wake up call and saying okay you know i am going to have to govern a little bit differently to please these people you know who put me here because it was a i think he understands it was a broad movement that defeated trump and i think he is going to have to respond you know in terms of health care in terms of immigration which i think he needed that was lacking definitely in his speech his immigration plan and how to get there i know that was some of the critique and then also on climate change you know the the climate change you have that climate summit with other world leaders and so you know how exactly are we going to get there if congress does not approve it you know that i think that was also lacking but overall i i was pleasantly surprised with it and we are going to have to keep fighting like hell to get these things implemented starting with the pro act right scott and i think rosanna kind of hit the nail on the head with respect to his comment about the end of not the end but he said trickle down do not work it has to go from the bottom up is this the end of that was reagan and the beginning of austerity and and and and what the intellectuals like to call neo liberalism is this the end of neo liberalism and the the beginning of a new economic framework in a certain sense you know it has been argued and i think not incorrectly that the end of neoliberalism as an order a sort of global or imperial capitalist policy consensus occurred already in 2008 that that system was broken in 2008 and there has been this there is this ongoing struggle of of over what comes next is it going to be a more democratic you know alternative or is it going to be a you know a fascist order that takes the place of neoliberalism and certainly biden is speech was a major recognition that the momentum is behind the the democratic option and the comment on white supremacy i think was you know also really really important i agree with with rosanna and michael you know we our party has been talking for a while about the the extreme right the need to decisively defeat the extreme right and there are really i think 3 or 4 main components of that the top 3 would be you know breaking down the the white supremacist terrorist kind of infrastructure of that of the trump movement winning real big voting rights reform one moving toward one person one vote and winning the pro act to to democratize workplaces and you know all 3 of these are things that the democratic majority is is pushing actively for and i think that is hugely promising but there is work to be done for sure still wait wait wait wait wait wait hold on hold up 2008 there was the 2007 the recession subprime ripoff banks collapse okay so that was the end of that was a big thing but obama 8 years and then you had trump they were still basically operating within the old economic framework were not they i think i mean yes in the sense that there was a holdover right there was there nothing else had been found in a certain sense yet there was no no new consensus no new framework had emerged but they they were diverging certainly the affordable care act was a step toward the kinds of of sweeping you know democratic reforms that we are seeing now just as you know the the tea party and then after that the the trump regime were a strong push toward the the fascist alternative but it was kind of like trumpism was president obama was the grand compromise he was trying to get that kind of thing going on and they said no no no no what is his name the head of the senate yeah no we are not going to give you anything and they did not and then trump got elected and it was neoliberalism on crack you know it was like the epitome of trickle down but it all kind of except with all also with new features the the protectionism the extreme nationalism the the skepticism about kind of global alliances that is a very strong break with the neoliberal tradition even with with the sort of neoconservative well i think it is important to to at least i do not know maybe i am i am i am thinking it this way neoliberalism would have continued if the people is movement had not made shifts had not learned the less some of the lessons so it is really it goes back down to or not down but it goes back to the people is movement has made this possible it is the lessons that that all of us have learned from these last years of experience of what needs to be done and not fall for the same lines this is why trickle down is not going to work anymore because people are not falling for it anymore in my opinion right yeah i agree with that right and and and you know january 6 scared the hell out of them all of them all of us too i mean you know and i think it shook you know on the one hand you had the tremendous movements of the last year black lives matter the strikes strike waves that took place remember that do not forget about that teachers auto workers strike waves and and the immigration protests and women is movement you had all of these movements coming together and interacting and converging and reconverging and and then but also you had a mass movement on the right you had a mass movement on the right and and and and and they did not want to accept democracy and that the bourgeois democracy okay yeah it was but they did not want to accept it and so they tried to overthrow the government and that scared the hell out of the powers that be too you know i think at least a section of them and and so i think it it helped propel the the policy changes with respect to that have been because a lot of this stuff was bernie is platform in 2016 michael and you know people i mean that that is that started way back then and and and now they i think that they feel compelled because of the people is movement as rosanna was saying to implement it in a very vigorous way why because they got to win the midterm elections i think and i also think that not that i i i do not have any illusion that the majority of american people are out there saying 0 the system is called capitalism or neoliberal i do not think they use those terms but i think the pandemic economy on top of all of trump trump is crazy nonsense you know his mouth and his racist racist policies and you know anti people anti planet policies i think just all of that on top of the pandemic economy over the past year has woken people up to say you know whatever we have is not working whatever we have is not working and i think biden has heard that cry and said you know i have got to make some changes you know swing bernie is direction maybe take some notes from him to move forward yeah okay go ahead scott go ahead so you mentioned these these 2 mass movements the one the the people is movement and and the far right movement i think a mistake that you know we sometimes see people making in there in their political analysis is to think of the capitalist class as monolithic and to think especially of the sort of moderates or centrists or sometimes called neo liberals or whatever as the representative of the whole capitalist class so you know hillary clinton bill clinton tony blair biden for some people as like the real face of capitalism when that is it is really not that at all the 2 dynamic forces are as you point out the movements this this people is movement demanding democratic change and the far right movement you know trying to to crush that and and roll it back and this you know democratic section of the ruling class centrist moderates liberal bourgeoisie whatever you want to call them are are caught right they they they can shift both ways based on which movement is stronger and they are they are not the defining force in in politics right now i do not think all right so let us talk a little bit about the most important thing that happened during these 100 days in your opinion the most significant development that that that occurred in a positive or negative way so i will start for me it was the passing of that part of the legislation that is going to eliminate child poverty well it is not going to eliminate it is going to cut it in half that tax credit really really important that is going to be a boon for a lot of working families a lot of families with single parents single mom a single dad and i just think that that is huge that was pulled forward by one of the women congress persons from connecticut connecticut rosa delario is that her name yeah delaro and it became part of that legislation very important rosanna in your opinion most important thing negative that happened during these 100 days well i would agree the you know the the stimulus package the the money that people receive because you can feel it you can feel it in the air that people were you know desperate or just not knowing how you know whether they are going to get there some kind of some kind of assistance in some way it was getting down to the wire for a lot of people so i really feel that that is that was key okay michael i think biden is support which really started with his endorsement of the organizing workers in bessemer alabama and regarding the pro act he said send it to my desk which of course was the the slogan of the afl cio is big phone banking week for for the pro act and so i think union support from the president during this time during the pandemic economy i think is the most significant okay good scott i i think both it is hard to choose i think both of those are incredibly significant and positive i think maybe for me the most significant thing is that he and he and vice president harris were inaugurated on time that the orderly transfer of power according to the will of the people happened despite the best efforts of of the extreme right to stop it that the the awareness as you mentioned that they grew around that of the of the threats of democracy is is extremely significant and on the negative side the the republican reaction these attempts to drastically curtail voting rights in something like 30 states as well as these new laws to punish protesters you know that is the the other side of this and and that is extremely dangerous you are trying to outlaw protesting rosanna we are not going to have it we are not going to make it happen we are not going to let it happen no no no if you remember if you remember the curfews that were set in place when the the black lives matter movement you know in support of no not in support of but you know protesting the killing of george floyd and others there were curfews that were set in place and people said no we you know we are mad we you know we want justice we want change so it is not going to happen some of us got some of us got trapped on the brooklyn bridge because of that that curfew yep yeah they would not let you all go home another really positive thing that happened during the 100 days was the conviction of children in minneapolis no no question about that but one of the negative things maybe was the most negative in my opinion was the bombing yes the syria that took place you know that that was not good not good any other negatives you want to mention during the 100 days he promised to do something with student debt immediately and that did not happen the 50 0 or 10000 whatever he initially promised it was not done in the 1st 100 days he is also ratcheted up the the the saber rattling on china i think even beyond where where trump was you know he is clearly framing you are talking about winning america will win the 21st century clearly framing us as being in a new superpower war with china and and potentially russia as well and that is terrifying man i just do not understand why the ruling class in this country got this terrible grip on their mentality on their minds this is about leading the world we are the best in the west kind of chauvinism that that why just can not you just live in harmony with other people in countries why you got to be the leader you know just i just do not do not get it you know joe this country is built on by immigrants it is comprised of immigrants of all over the world i do not think you will not find somebody that lives in this country that is from another part of the world so i i i we are we are showing that harmony is possible because we are getting along here for the most part i would say you know if it was not for the anti immigrant propaganda you know this this country would would be a good cri would be a great country because we can show the resilience of of all of us coming together from all over the world and and and living in peace and harmony so i i it is it is it still boggles my mind i i am still processing that part of it but i think it is it is you know we can not forget that that none of us are here well many of us are not here from this country if that makes sense but you know we are all immigrants for for the most part i am not discounting the the you know the indigenous people of course they are they are the only original people here in the us but the majority of us are immigrants we come from all over the world and we better hang together we want to hang separately well i think that that does it we want to invite everybody to work with us over the next 100 days which will start on may day tomorrow happy may day everybody yeah happy may day you know it is the workers day you know fighting for the 8 hour day we need 6 hour day right remember we are fighting for now 6 hours with no cutting pay and huh should be 4 based on how much activity has grown since it is 1977 i have heard that i can live with that 4 hours a day it has got an update that is not for people who work for the for the party we still get exploited by the working class we start tomorrow mayday happy may day everybody and on sunday weekend going to have a program sunday evening women tried back to pw and a number of other organizations panelists are going to be talking about the struggles of working class women against unemployment and the effects of the covet crisis and we are going to be back here next friday same time same station so until then stay strong stay safe and stay in the fight take care happy may day everybody bye happy comrades

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgT54Jmz0UY

hello everyone welcome to Session One In The Gift of Life empowering living kidney donation series all lines have been muted today's session is being recorded and a copy of the slides the reporting and the accompanying handout will be available on the quality insights Network 5 website there will be a time at the end for questions uh please submit the questions in the Q&A section below our speaker today is Lena fry Lena is a nephology nurse and living Kidney donor she's the co-founder and executive director of Kidney donor conversations a nonprofit organization that provides education and support for living kidney donations this presentation has been approved for one General continuing education credit for social workers through aswb in order to receive these credits you will need to watch the 60-minute webinar live or recorded complete the evaluation and post test questions after that an official certificate will be emailed to you within three business days after today's course Learners will be able to describe how to coordinate and conduct appropriate transplant option discussions with dialysis patients they will be able to differentiate the processes and supports for deceased versus living donor transplantation within the existing transplant system and explain the cost comparisons of dialysis versus transplant this is the first of four sessions that will take you through the challenge processes benefits and strategies for helping discover living donation each session will build upon the prior so it is helpful to attend all four and to watch the recordings of any sessions you may miss session one will discuss the advancements and challenges in accessing kidney transplants we want to explore the barriers and challenges you may have in the dialysis units and explore ways to better support patients and families and with that I will turn it over to Glen I was a transplant and dialysis nurse in the 80s and 990s on an inpatient kidney transplant unit where I did uh besides transplants capd hemodialysis and one of my favorite jobs is when I was working with a dialysis social worker Janisha providing education to newly diagnosed patients years later I wanted to help someone get off dialysis and live a better life so I donated my kidney to a stranger in 2017 I'll talk more about that later the following year my daughter Amanda and I were talking about the lack of information about living donation and even as a nephology nurse I knew very little about the actual process and the options so we started a nonprofit Kidney donor conversations to provide education and support about living kidney donation and that's really why I'm here today sharing this information with you if you are in dialysis talking to a patient about kidney transplant you've already come up against a potential barrier um the best outcomes for those with CKD can be be provided when education and support starts at stage far for CKD or before so this allows time to discuss the treatment the plan for a preemptive transplant before dialysis but it also means that primary care physicians and nephrologists need to start the discussion in their offices before the serious symptoms of kidney failure start and how often do you think that happens you may not have control over what happens before so let's focus on what you do have control of in dialysis and this is going to take us to our first polling question right what is your comfort level with discussing kidney transplants you should see the poll pop up on your screen we have comfortable somewhat comfortable not at all comfortable and we'll give everyone a few minutes or couple seconds to answer so I'm going to just give you a little reminder of something you I'm sure already know about the CMS standard for the frequency of assessment for patients admitted to the dialysis facility an initial comprehensive assessment must be conducted on all new patients in the latter of 30 calendar days or 13 outpatient hemo sessions beginning on the first outpatient dialysis session and now we're going to go just to those poll results and see what they are so looks like most of you are comfortable but um there is a small percent that are not so that's good this gives us lots of opportunity um in these next four sessions um to work on that so this is the assessment criteria um evaluation of the suitability for transplant referral based on the criteria developed by the transplant center and its surgeons if the patient's not suitable then um this must be documented in the patient's medical record so do you have the criteria of all the transplant centers you could refer patients to and in order to figure this out I guess first you would need to have the patient choose a transplant center and then look at that specific criteria um and you know what some of the center criteria may not be black and white for example the word compliance could be different for different transplant centers um stopped smoking like is that in the last week or month or year uh drug use could be variable um support systems so even though there is criteria I know just from experience that every transplant center also has their own specific policies and this takes us to polling question number two okay at what point are you initiating discussions with patients about living kidney transplant and donation never it's up to the transplant center when we bring up transplants with the care plan when the patient asks or it is posted in the facility and so while you guys are doing that poll I'm going to [Music] continue so if the minimum standard is that transplants discussed within the first 30 days and then annually if the patient's stable but what's the best time is it day one day 15 day 30 um or maybe it's as soon as possible well you guys are the experts at assessing their family situation social support Financial issues and how are they coping with all of the changes that kidney failure brings and what are their goals it can be really challenging to bring up kidney transplant when they are just trying to get through today and now we're going to go to those PLL results and it looks like oh good the best one is never no one answered never so um mostly it's with the care plan 84% and uh a few when the patient asked or it's posted so thank you for that feedback so what exactly is the information that patients should be provided about transplant is there a structured outline of what should be discussed is once a year enough if they say no is the conversation done until the next year if this requirement falls under the responsibility of the social worker um what about the rest of the team and and let's see um oh we already did our poll results sorry I'm on a sequence so anyway I think it I think it shouldn't be just one person's responsibility I think it really is a team effort um even though you may be the as the social worker the primary person that's doing the documentation and taking the initiative so maybe the default should be everyone deserves a living donor transplant let's find a way to get you one um would it be best for the patient if it wasn't the dialysis staff that decided who was a good candidate that maybe patients are referred within the first couple months of starting dialysis to the transplant team and are the transplant centers communicating why they're not a good candidate and then what it would take to help them be a good candidate and then could we set goals based on those changes that were needed to become a good candidate and would it be best if goals were re-evaluated monthly and maybe some of you are doing that so these are just things to consider um what could be best for the patient but you might also be thinking about these concerns there's not enough time or staff or kidneys so why bother referring and aren't transplant centers already too busy well I think if we increase the supply that the systems will grow and change to meet the demand that's how we get new Innovations and that's why technology um is always changing and making things hopefully hopefully better for us um I also work in a Cancer Center and I'll tell you what no one says to cancer patients there are too many people excuse me getting radiation we can't ref you refer you to the radiation doctor um that would be crazy right but I feel like sometimes we do say oh the transplant center is too busy we're not going to you know overburden them with more patience so what would patient focused care look like the best treatment discussions would not depend on how busy the transplant centers are or how long the waiting list is it would look more like we will help you get the best treatment a living donor transplant I remember when I was doing um options with patients about hop PD and Transplant I think back then we were overly concerned about choice and making sure all of these were equal options and and I think some of that has carried over Through The Years even though we know they're not equal anymore we have the data that shows they're not um I honestly didn't know a living donor transplant was the best until I heard my husband's nephologist talking about it and I remember thinking why don't I know that why am I not talking to patience about that and maybe it was because the research had just you know been newer and we we were just finding out um and then there's another part of me to be really honest with you that thinks I think at the time it almost seemed like a white privilege secret so today we have the data to show we have racial disparities and it's time to change our script for all patients so the best treatment for most patients do you hear this uh recording that I I can't stop saying for most patients with kidney failure it's a living donor transplant do you and your staff have enough information about kidney transplant about living donation could there be unconscious biases against discussing living donation we don't have symptoms I'm sorry systems in place to support living donation like we do deceased donation um it's not really the responsibility of the transplant center or the organ procurement organizations or the dialysis unit it it's no one's responsibility there is no living donor's system it's up to the patient to find their best treatment so what could education ideas look like um you know introducing the idea that a liming do transplant gives you the best outcomes um and acknowledge they might have some resistance um and the goal is to help them fully understand all the implications maybe before making a decision um you know maybe don't rush to a yes or no so that you can check the box really explore the issues related to transplant um the benefits of living donor over deceased the ways kidneys can be donated the risk and benefits to donors and resources to help find a living donor and maybe have some family meetings discussing transplant I know that's a lot and that's why we have four sessions for you we want to help you with the tools and information to make all of these conversations a little easier so let's move this discussion to the kidney crisis for a minute because I think this background information is really important for you to understand so on the transplant waiting list only one in four will get a kidney and the rest will die waiting if we look at the reality we're providing the worst treatment for the most number of people dialysis and the best treatment is very limited those that get a kidney transplant over 990,000 people are on the kidney transplant waiting list and so let's look at the breakdown here's the 90,000 per kidney and of those only then this was in 2021 only 24,000 over 24,000 actually got a kidney and this takes us to our next pulling question number three so here we have a two-part question the first is are you registered to be an organ donor at death and then number two if you answered yes to the first question do you believe you will donate when you die so what is our solution for not enough kidneys um register to be an organ donor right so in the United States about 60% of the population are registered and the most interesting statistic that I have found out in the Last 5 Years um since having this nonprofit is less than 1% of those registered will ever donate that was just astounding to me but if you look at why it kind of makes sense so why won't we you donate a death well number one the body in general needs to be healthy and the organs obviously need to be healthy doesn't matter if you're taking kidneys or heart or lungs they need need to be in good condition the way you die is critically important uh you will be on a ventilator in an intensive care unit and brain dead I personally actually don't even know anyone in my family or friends that have donated in that way yes I've heard of people that have that have died in that way but no one personally in my life has that happened so it's very very rare and the family must consent now I know legally you can take the organs but hospitals aren't going to stand in front of a family member who's like no I don't want you taking those organs and they're not going to take them they don't want a lawsuit they don't want any issues if the family disagrees they will not proceed typically with the donation um so you can see how maybe yeah the reality is very few people will end up donating because they're not dying in the right way and let's go to our polling results you so it looks like about oh you're over the the average 84% of you are registered organ donors and and don't get me wrong I am not saying don't be a registered organ donor I totally believe it's extremely important especially for the other uh organs that we need and then do you think you will donate when you die about 84% the same number and I was exactly in the same boat I thought absolutely it was the done deal and that's really what I hear people tell me is they'll come up and say yeah I donated and I'm like what did you donate and they're like well you know I'm registered and I'm like well that's really great but registering doesn't mean you're an organ donor and I think most of the US population actually believes that that that's true in and in 99% of the cases it will not be true so what if we were an opt out country where you had to opt out um in order not to donate so there was a really good comprehensive study that was done between the optin and the opt out countries and what they found is there were fewer living donors in the optin I'm sorry in the opt out countries so you have to opt out if you do not want to donate and no difference and deceased owners um the article talked about you you know really needing to address other barriers uh regarding organ donation um even when consent is presumed so when I looked into the information about fewer living donors I'm like why is that well if you think everyone's going to donate their organs you probably don't think there's a problem you probably think you're getting enough organs because you have to opt out if you don't want to donate so they actually had fewer living donors and again I was just really surprised no significant difference in deceased donors so it didn't make a difference and I'm like that doesn't make any sense right so let me show you this next slide so I was so curious I'm like I wonder what that looks like all the registered donors compared to the number of actual transplants and I was astounded when I saw what this looked like um so my question to you is these are the over 19,000 people that got a kidney transplant you can't even see it doesn't even show up on the graph it's so tiny in comparison to the 170 million people that are registered organ donors and do you think getting more of these is going to make a dramatic difference in this like more isn't solving the problem so where are we going to get our kidneys um and didn't we get more diseased donor transplants in the last few years and absolutely we did so let's look at that this is the line of the increase in diseased donor transplants and this is the living donor transplants we've been pretty stable at around 6,000 living donors for many many years has not changed but the deceased went up so you might think oh yay that's such a great thing right well the sad thing this is the OPN annual report is even though we saw this increase it was from anoxia specifically and probably due to the opioid epidemic so it wasn't because we did great PR and people more more people registered it was because more people died of overdoses so you know as a society wouldn't it be nice if we could get a handle on those opioid overdoses and saw these numbers go down right that would be like a win for society but then we would have less transplants for people with kidney failure so that's a problem right it's it's just this very strange mix of good and not so good when people are dying and people are getting deceased donor transplants so what other options do we have well first I want to just go through a little bit about my very basic idea of dialysis and Transplant so dialysis is okay you live about 5 to 10 years but even better good is a deceased donor kidney lasts about 8 to 12 years and then the best is preemptive getting a kidney before you start dialysis and a living donor kidney about twice as long as a deceased donor and there's less weight time typically and then you get other improvements like better quality of life more free time more stable blood pressure and electrolyte levels and higher rates of employment but besides Health there could be other considerations so what's the cost of dialysis well it costs Medicare about $121,000 per patient per year and that's medicare's us you know the taxpayers transplant on the other hand does cost cost more the first year about 145,000 but then each year after that only 32,000 because of the the medications so if you compare that over time it's dramatically less expensive for Society for a Medicare um for insurance companies to get someone transplanted the UK estimated that hemo patients have about more than a Sevenfold patient carbon footprint and think about it you walk into a dialysis unit and the water that's being used the electricity the plastic and cardboard waste and I don't know um what kind of recycling is being done um in your dialysis units if any um and transportation and this is transportation of patients to in from dialysis and it's also transportation of staff to and from dialysis and you just don't need all of those resources when you have a kidney transplant so where do we find more kidneys back to that question well organ discards it would be great if we had less of those no argument there I'm not going to go into detail about that you've heard enough of that in the news um deceased donors we've kind of already talked about that you know is it a good thing a not good thing depends on your your perspective artificial kidneys yes there is lots of research being done on artificial kidneys it'll be here someday when I don't know how much you know will it take the FDA to approve these get through all the human human trials we'll see and the same uh with the genetically modified Pig kidneys it's happening also it will be the future someday how long will it take I don't know so and and I also wonder will everyone be good candidates for the artificial and and pig kidneys you know that's another thing is um who who would be able to get these so that brings me back again to living donors we we really could do something to help discover more living donors now um what we're doing now isn't working you know we have been sitting at that 6,000 living donors a year for a long time um there are some other things with better matching that's being done and I'm hoping to talk about those in another session um if you've never heard of eplets there's some really interesting information about um high resolution HLA tissue typing again I'll try and get to that later um there also is some groups that are tring trying to modify Nota so that there could be some benefits additional benefits given to kidney donors and would that make a difference so I'll go into that in more detail another time but really my vision is that the worst treatment dialysis has the fewest number of people and that more people get kidney transplants and that maybe for right now we have living kidney donors filling that Gap our next polling question is related to this kidney donation Continuum that we put together so I'm going to go through it really quickly with you um we want to help you through this um these sessions to make you more comfortable with the idea of living donation and so which currently describes your attitude toward donating uh being an organ donor um one would be never um not able to give maybe some health reasons only if you're dead deceased donor you might give to a specific person maybe a family or friend maybe an acquaintance a stranger you'd like to start the workup or you're already a living donor I'm really curious if we have any other living donors uh in the audience um and it might be helpful to just do this self-reflection about your own feelings and can you have empathy for those that might have a little different perspective than you um I think we might be able to go if that poll's done I might you have um you go ahead and do that if not I can move on oh she's got it right let me go back all right so well most people and this is probably very typical of the general population would only give to a family or friend and 4% might consider a stranger or an acquaintance is kind of like a stranger too and there's always a a fair number of people that are that cannot donate for some reason and deceased right that's very interesting thank you so most often people make decisions about not wanting a kidney transplant or a living donor transplant based on fear um here are some questions you could ask patients to find out their understanding and view on transplants and hopefully the answers they give you can guide your education so what have you been told about transplants what cons concerns do you have uh what have you been told about deceased donors the waiting list the wait time the benefits of transplant compared to dialysis and then what have you been told about living donor transplants the benefits compared to deceased and the wait time so I'm going to turn this back over to Elizabeth um we hopefully have had some questions come up from the audience but I'll Elizabeth I'll let you take it from here thank you Glenna before we take questions I did want to mention that in addition to the slides and the recording um being posted on the network 5 web page we're also going to have an additional flyer that's entitled four steps to creating a prot transplant culture this flyer will give you a framework for how to start that process of a prot transmit culture within your facility um and so now we can take questions um as a reminder please submit them in the Q&A section which is right next to the chat at the bottom of your screen um I also wanted to note that we did receive a few questions during registration and we have made note of those and we are just rolling them over into subsequent sessions when um the material aligns more with that presentation okay so we have one question Glenna um do you have any tips on how to create a system of regular communication with transplant centers so um I don't know all of what your communication looks like now so I want to preface preface it with with that but as I was contemplating this uh two things kind of came to mind one do you do the social workers have some kind of a spreadsheet or how do you keep track of your patients and where they are in the transplant process or maybe what education has been done or what their understanding is or were they referred are you waiting back so you know how do you keep track and would there would some kind of a spreadsheet be um kind of a good idea for helping with tracking just internally for you and then I think um regarding communicating with the transplant centers I was wondering if there would be any kind of a pre-formatted uh a form that maybe had some some checkbox so whatever your most common questions or information you needed from them could you send it and then they could easily make check marks or a few notes and send it back to you um so you had more of an ongoing communication and and is that something that would be helpful um and something that could be used across all transmit centers across all social workers um so some kind of a template and again I don't know the detail of do you communicate by email by facts you know what's the electronic you know methodology so how do we make it easier and I thought well you know maybe quality insights might be interested in maybe coordinating or collaborating together to have some social workers and a transplant coordinator work together on how we could communicate better um as kind of an quality improvement communication tool I think that's a great idea um next question is hypertension is prevalent in the African-American Community is a person with hypertension able to be a living donor so typically and and I always say typically because every transplant center has their own criteria but typically they are allowed to be managed on one or two blood pressure medications and can still be considered a Kidney donor so you know the key word being are they managed in into a normal blood pressure range with one or two medications so often they can yeah next question I have a couple of patients who are active on the transplant lists they have young adult children who want to be living donors that the patients themselves do not want to take kidneys from their children do you have any thoughts on this yes that's exactly why I we're doing these four series is because I think there needs to be a lot more education about the risk for donors I think it's very fear-based when I have hear people say I don't want them because because um and so I would like your feedback at the end of the series to say do you think we gave you more information to help you have better discussions with patients you know what are they afraid of what um what's their biggest fear and sometimes it's not always valid like when you look at the actual data and I'll be sharing that especially in the next two presentations we'll focus much more on the risk and the process for living donors so I'm not going to go into the detail now um but if you come back for for those next two sessions I think you'll get more information and that's what we want you to share with families and and would it be helpful to have you know again a a family conference you know get the family in the room together with the potential donors ask the questions answer you know give them answers that everyone can hear in the same room um and will that help break down some of these barriers because for the person who wants to donate they feel like that person is important enough to keep alive longer in their life and isn't isn't that a good reason also to donate a kidney because you love someone and maybe you want them to be a part of your family longer or you want your children you know to have time with them so sometimes I think it's it's like no I don't deserve it or no I don't want to put them at risk Without Really knowing you know all the information about living donation and all the options of living donation um next question one of my transplant centers has a guide to finding a living donor how do you feel about that as a resource for patients so it's a guide for how to find a living donor it sounds that way yeah yeah uh yeah I'm you know I'm I don't know is this published probably by the transmit Center but yeah absolutely in the last session number four we're going to talk about what are the resources for helping a donor find you you know the person who needs the kidney and so yes I think um those resources and if you know if if that's something you could share even with um the network that would be really interesting to see what's out there um if that's a possibility I'll be giving you resources in websites and people that have more information about helping to find a donor so I think everyone will get you know a few more supportive tools as we go along but yeah absolutely um this is an an interesting one um has there been any research on the spirituality of receiving a kidney or other organ donation I know hospitals provide spiritual support but curious if transplant centers encourage or provide spiritual support as well that's probably a better question for those of you in the diagnosis units um [Music] so I know um yeah I I keep thinking from a from a donor perspective most religions allow people to donate um and I don't think that's really the question you're asking I think you're asking what is the support and I would say the social workers you as the social workers would probably know best in your communities where that support is and I you know are you looking at a faith based um patient um or just general support I know in the hospitals we used to have a lot more chaplain and people coming in and I think a lot of that went away with covid and so I really don't know and I don't know that we've ever had that for dialysis units though in general um so that's I think a good question and I would you know if you feel like something we want to explore in more detail that could be you know another discussion uh the next question I is one I can take um that was asking about does anyone have a list or spreadsheet of transplant center criteria um and it looks like that's been somewhat addressed in the chat but just to to put it out there yes every transplant center has a little bit of variation so certainly you can contact the transplant center directly but also um the networks generally post the criteria on their websites as well so you can check there and we will have a chart that would link you to the referral criteria um for those so I'll Elizabeth I have a question follow-up question for you is that public information or do you have to be a trans dialysis unit to view your network spr sheet that has that criteria we have it do you mean in terms of who can view it from the website yes um anyone can view that from our website okay that's good to know because we've not had a we there is no single resource to look at transplant centers but that's interesting that you're saying each network has the transplant center criteria or just yours uh I cannot for other networks but I can say that uh Network 5 does and I believe three and four is as well yeah Glenna um this is Randy um the executive director for Network 5 um good afternoon everybody um so just to chime in here on this topic most ESRD networks do have this information posted in in one centralized location on their websites that anyone could access I will tell you that even in our own network we have had a hard time getting the criteria from some transplant center so I would love to say that you know it's 100% out there and even recently I have gone on transplant center websites looking for the information so that we can update and I can't find it so um we certainly tried to provide as much of the information as we can and the thank you because I think there is a lack of transparency as you just mentioned with the transplant centers and it's very frustrating from a donor perspective and someone who's looking for a kidney to know because there is the variation across Center so thank you for for trying to you know make that better and I will definitely share that in my circles that the networks are a good resource for that thank you um okay question will patients need to go through the same evaluation processes and testing if they receive a living kidney donation yeah typically the testing I mean the testing this is done is is the same if you're a if you're healthy enough to get a kidney transplant it doesn't matter what kind of kidney you get so what the normal Pro progression for most people who go through workup who want a kidney is they're active on the deceased donor uh waiting list first only because often they don't have a living donor already ready to go so and and some centers won't work up a donor until you're active on the transplant waiting list and it again it depends on the donor or the transplant center sometimes they will work up a donor while the recipient is going through their workup also so again it just it's very center specific but the workup is the same for the person who needs the kidney um this is the last question that I see for right now um how would you suggest talking to patients who have had a friend or family member who had a bad experience with transplant um a failure a traumatic surgery something like that uh and I will say we we hear this um often um there are little fishbowls in trans or in dialysis and so you know one bad experience really has a ripple effect for for other patients in the union so I'm going to share a personal story with you related to that issue um my my husband has polycystic kidney disease and his grandmother uh father and uncle his siblings all have PKD and have been on dialysis and have gotten transplants his uh father died within months of getting his kidney transplant um and so that was really negative issue for my husband his uncle died after getting a kidney transplant also so what I he was like totally fearful of going on the transpl it's like no I don't want a transplant I am going to die if I get one cuz look at my family history and I said okay fine but let's look at why they died uh number one his father had heart failure he did not die from any complications related to the transplant at all he had a failing heart he had been a a recovered alcoholic he you know he didn't have good vascular system and he didn't do well um because of his heart failure not because of his transplant his uncle his kidney was working fine also he had a percutaneous biopsy done of the kidney and they nicked the peritoneum and he had a peritonitis infection that they didn't discover for a long time afterwards um so there are very specific reasons why people don't do well after they get a transplant and so it depends on what that situation is and then the person who now is looking for a transplant or potentially considering it what's their health situation how is it different or better and I said to my husband I'm like you walk several times a week you're healthier you don't have all the issues your your father had and you probably will do very well with the kidney transplant there's nothing to indicate you wouldn't do well so I would just please look at the person in front of you and what is their health condition what are their risk factors and you can't compare apples and oranges because they're not the same people and it's not the same day and age and we have uh better things that we can do with people to help the kidneys last longer than we did you know 20 years ago so so please have an open mind and look at the individual rather than allowing them to just make these blanket statements because of all the people they know that have that have died for some reason you know did they have a deceased donor transplant did they have a living donor transplant you know what was what was the match what are the other health risk factors there's just so many things to consider thank you for that I appreciate it um if you will advance the slides yes little bit more um well I just want to say thank you for letting me be here for the opportunity to talk to you I'm really excited that I think as we go through these four sessions um you will continue hopefully to learn and to get some tools and and to take back information to your dial is units to your patients to your other staff uh to help you have really better conversations um to help people you know I always say because living donor transplants the best treatment isn't that what we want for every patient the very best treatment the longest life and so how do we help them with that how do we help them step through that process in a supportive way so thank you very much we would we thank you all for joining we would appreciate your feedback on today's education session um you can use the link that we are going to post in the chat and that will take you to the evaluation um you can also use the QR code here um you're also going to receive an email following this webinar that will include the links uh as mentioned earlier in the presentation this course is approved approv d by aswb for social work continuing education credits but you must complete and submit both the evaluation and the post knowledge check your official certificate will be emailed to you within three business days let's make sure we get that Survey Monkey make in the chat um and while we are waiting on that um just to thank you for joining us and if you have not already done so please register and join us for session two which is called the pathway to giving understanding the living Kidney donor process this is going to be held on November 1st which is a Wednesday at 12:00 pm Eastern um and we should also have the registration link for that in the chat thank you all so much have a good day

hello everyone welcome to session one in the gift of life empowering living kidney donation series all lines have been muted today is session is being recorded and a copy of the slides the reporting and the accompanying handout will be available on the quality insights network 5 website there will be a time at the end for questions please submit the questions in the q amp a section below our speaker today is lena fry lena is a nephology nurse and living kidney donor she is the co founder and executive director of kidney donor conversations a nonprofit organization that provides education and support for living kidney donations this presentation has been approved for one general continuing education credit for social workers through aswb in order to receive these credits you will need to watch the 60 minute webinar live or recorded complete the evaluation and post test questions after that an official certificate will be emailed to you within 3 business days after today is course learners will be able to describe how to coordinate and conduct appropriate transplant option discussions with dialysis patients they will be able to differentiate the processes and supports for deceased versus living donor transplantation within the existing transplant system and explain the cost comparisons of dialysis versus transplant this is the 1st of 4 sessions that will take you through the challenge processes benefits and strategies for helping discover living donation each session will build upon the prior so it is helpful to attend all 4 and to watch the recordings of any sessions you may miss session one will discuss the advancements and challenges in accessing kidney transplants we want to explore the barriers and challenges you may have in the dialysis units and explore ways to better support patients and families and with that i will turn it over to glen i was a transplant and dialysis nurse in the 80s and 990s on an inpatient kidney transplant unit where i did besides transplants capd hemodialysis and one of my favorite jobs is when i was working with a dialysis social worker janisha providing education to newly diagnosed patients years later i wanted to help someone get off dialysis and live a better life so i donated my kidney to a stranger in 2017 i will talk more about that later the following year my daughter amanda and i were talking about the lack of information about living donation and even as a nephology nurse i knew very little about the actual process and the options so we started a nonprofit kidney donor conversations to provide education and support about living kidney donation and that is really why i am here today sharing this information with you if you are in dialysis talking to a patient about kidney transplant you have already come up against a potential barrier the best outcomes for those with ckd can be be provided when education and support starts at stage far for ckd or before so this allows time to discuss the treatment the plan for a preemptive transplant before dialysis but it also means that primary care physicians and nephrologists need to start the discussion in their offices before the serious symptoms of kidney failure start and how often do you think that happens you may not have control over what happens before so let us focus on what you do have control of in dialysis and this is going to take us to our 1st polling question right what is your comfort level with discussing kidney transplants you should see the poll pop up on your screen we have comfortable somewhat comfortable not at all comfortable and we will give everyone a few minutes or couple seconds to answer so i am going to just give you a little reminder of something you i am sure already know about the cms standard for the frequency of assessment for patients admitted to the dialysis facility an initial comprehensive assessment must be conducted on all new patients in the latter of 30 calendar days or 13 outpatient hemo sessions beginning on the 1st outpatient dialysis session and now we are going to go just to those poll results and see what they are so looks like most of you are comfortable but there is a small percent that are not so that is good this gives us lots of opportunity in these next 4 sessions to work on that so this is the assessment criteria evaluation of the suitability for transplant referral based on the criteria developed by the transplant center and its surgeons if the patient is not suitable then this must be documented in the patient is medical record so do you have the criteria of all the transplant centers you could refer patients to and in order to figure this out i guess 1st you would need to have the patient choose a transplant center and then look at that specific criteria and you know what some of the center criteria may not be black and white for example the word compliance could be different for different transplant centers stopped smoking like is that in the last week or month or year drug use could be variable support systems so even though there is criteria i know just from experience that every transplant center also has their own specific policies and this takes us to polling question number 2 okay at what point are you initiating discussions with patients about living kidney transplant and donation never it is up to the transplant center when we bring up transplants with the care plan when the patient asks or it is posted in the facility and so while you guys are doing that poll i am going to continue so if the minimum standard is that transplants discussed within the 1st 30 days and then annually if the patient is stable but what is the best time is it day one day 15 day 30 or maybe it is as soon as possible well you guys are the experts at assessing their family situation social support financial issues and how are they coping with all of the changes that kidney failure brings and what are their goals it can be really challenging to bring up kidney transplant when they are just trying to get through today and now we are going to go to those pll results and it looks like 0 good the best one is never no one answered never so mostly it is with the care plan 84% and a few when the patient asked or it is posted so thank you for that feedback so what exactly is the information that patients should be provided about transplant is there a structured outline of what should be discussed is once a year enough if they say no is the conversation done until the next year if this requirement falls under the responsibility of the social worker what about the rest of the team and and let us see 0 we already did our poll results sorry i am on a sequence so anyway i think it i think it should not be just one person is responsibility i think it really is a team effort even though you may be the as the social worker the primary person that is doing the documentation and taking the initiative so maybe the default should be everyone deserves a living donor transplant let us find a way to get you one would it be best for the patient if it was not the dialysis staff that decided who was a good candidate that maybe patients are referred within the 1st couple months of starting dialysis to the transplant team and are the transplant centers communicating why they are not a good candidate and then what it would take to help them be a good candidate and then could we set goals based on those changes that were needed to become a good candidate and would it be best if goals were re evaluated monthly and maybe some of you are doing that so these are just things to consider what could be best for the patient but you might also be thinking about these concerns there is not enough time or staff or kidneys so why bother referring and are not transplant centers already too busy well i think if we increase the supply that the systems will grow and change to meet the demand that is how we get new innovations and that is why technology is always changing and making things hopefully hopefully better for us i also work in a cancer center and i will tell you what no one says to cancer patients there are too many people excuse me getting radiation we can not ref you refer you to the radiation doctor that would be crazy right but i feel like sometimes we do say 0 the transplant center is too busy we are not going to you know overburden them with more patience so what would patient focused care look like the best treatment discussions would not depend on how busy the transplant centers are or how long the waiting list is it would look more like we will help you get the best treatment a living donor transplant i remember when i was doing options with patients about hop pd and transplant i think back then we were overly concerned about choice and making sure all of these were equal options and and i think some of that has carried over through the years even though we know they are not equal anymore we have the data that shows they are not i honestly did not know a living donor transplant was the best until i heard my husband is nephologist talking about it and i remember thinking why do not i know that why am i not talking to patience about that and maybe it was because the research had just you know been newer and we we were just finding out and then there is another part of me to be really honest with you that thinks i think at the time it almost seemed like a white privilege secret so today we have the data to show we have racial disparities and it is time to change our script for all patients so the best treatment for most patients do you hear this recording that i i can not stop saying for most patients with kidney failure it is a living donor transplant do you and your staff have enough information about kidney transplant about living donation could there be unconscious biases against discussing living donation we do not have symptoms i am sorry systems in place to support living donation like we do deceased donation it is not really the responsibility of the transplant center or the organ procurement organizations or the dialysis unit it it is no one is responsibility there is no living donor is system it is up to the patient to find their best treatment so what could education ideas look like you know introducing the idea that a liming do transplant gives you the best outcomes and acknowledge they might have some resistance and the goal is to help them fully understand all the implications maybe before making a decision you know maybe do not rush to a yes or no so that you can check the box really explore the issues related to transplant the benefits of living donor over deceased the ways kidneys can be donated the risk and benefits to donors and resources to help find a living donor and maybe have some family meetings discussing transplant i know that is a lot and that is why we have 4 sessions for you we want to help you with the tools and information to make all of these conversations a little easier so let us move this discussion to the kidney crisis for a minute because i think this background information is really important for you to understand so on the transplant waiting list only one in 4 will get a kidney and the rest will die waiting if we look at the reality we are providing the worst treatment for the most number of people dialysis and the best treatment is very limited those that get a kidney transplant over 990000 people are on the kidney transplant waiting list and so let us look at the breakdown here is the 90000 per kidney and of those only then this was in 2021 only 24000 over 24000 actually got a kidney and this takes us to our next pulling question number 3 so here we have a 2 part question the 1st is are you registered to be an organ donor at death and then number 2 if you answered yes to the 1st question do you believe you will donate when you die so what is our solution for not enough kidneys register to be an organ donor right so in the united states about 60% of the population are registered and the most interesting statistic that i have found out in the last 5 years since having this nonprofit is less than one of those registered will ever donate that was just astounding to me but if you look at why it kind of makes sense so why will not we you donate a death well number one the body in general needs to be healthy and the organs obviously need to be healthy does not matter if you are taking kidneys or heart or lungs they need need to be in good condition the way you die is critically important you will be on a ventilator in an intensive care unit and brain dead i personally actually do not even know anyone in my family or friends that have donated in that way yes i have heard of people that have that have died in that way but no one personally in my life has that happened so it is very very rare and the family must consent now i know legally you can take the organs but hospitals are not going to stand in front of a family member who is like no i do not want you taking those organs and they are not going to take them they do not want a lawsuit they do not want any issues if the family disagrees they will not proceed typically with the donation so you can see how maybe yeah the reality is very few people will end up donating because they are not dying in the right way and let us go to our polling results you so it looks like about 0 you are over the the average 84% of you are registered organ donors and and do not get me wrong i am not saying do not be a registered organ donor i totally believe it is extremely important especially for the other organs that we need and then do you think you will donate when you die about 84% the same number and i was exactly in the same boat i thought absolutely it was the done deal and that is really what i hear people tell me is they will come up and say yeah i donated and i am like what did you donate and they are like well you know i am registered and i am like well that is really great but registering does not mean you are an organ donor and i think most of the us population actually believes that that that is true in and in 99% of the cases it will not be true so what if we were an opt out country where you had to opt out in order not to donate so there was a really good comprehensive study that was done between the optin and the opt out countries and what they found is there were fewer living donors in the optin i am sorry in the opt out countries so you have to opt out if you do not want to donate and no difference and deceased owners the article talked about you you know really needing to address other barriers regarding organ donation even when consent is presumed so when i looked into the information about fewer living donors i am like why is that well if you think everyone is going to donate their organs you probably do not think there is a problem you probably think you are getting enough organs because you have to opt out if you do not want to donate so they actually had fewer living donors and again i was just really surprised no significant difference in deceased donors so it did not make a difference and i am like that does not make any sense right so let me show you this next slide so i was so curious i am like i wonder what that looks like all the registered donors compared to the number of actual transplants and i was astounded when i saw what this looked like so my question to you is these are the over 19000 people that got a kidney transplant you can not even see it does not even show up on the graph it is so tiny in comparison to the 170000000 people that are registered organ donors and do you think getting more of these is going to make a dramatic difference in this like more is not solving the problem so where are we going to get our kidneys and did not we get more diseased donor transplants in the last few years and absolutely we did so let us look at that this is the line of the increase in diseased donor transplants and this is the living donor transplants we have been pretty stable at around 6000 living donors for many many years has not changed but the deceased went up so you might think 0 yay that is such a great thing right well the sad thing this is the opn annual report is even though we saw this increase it was from anoxia specifically and probably due to the opioid epidemic so it was not because we did great pr and people more more people registered it was because more people died of overdoses so you know as a society would not it be nice if we could get a handle on those opioid overdoses and saw these numbers go down right that would be like a win for society but then we would have less transplants for people with kidney failure so that is a problem right it is it is just this very strange mix of good and not so good when people are dying and people are getting deceased donor transplants so what other options do we have well 1st i want to just go through a little bit about my very basic idea of dialysis and transplant so dialysis is okay you live about 5 to 10 years but even better good is a deceased donor kidney lasts about 8 to 12 years and then the best is preemptive getting a kidney before you start dialysis and a living donor kidney about twice as long as a deceased donor and there is less weight time typically and then you get other improvements like better quality of life more free time more stable blood pressure and electrolyte levels and higher rates of employment but besides health there could be other considerations so what is the cost of dialysis well it costs medicare about $121000 per patient per year and that is medicare is us you know the taxpayers transplant on the other hand does cost cost more the 1st year about 145000 but then each year after that only 32000 because of the the medications so if you compare that over time it is dramatically less expensive for society for a medicare for insurance companies to get someone transplanted the uk estimated that hemo patients have about more than a sevenfold patient carbon footprint and think about it you walk into a dialysis unit and the water that is being used the electricity the plastic and cardboard waste and i do not know what kind of recycling is being done in your dialysis units if any and transportation and this is transportation of patients to in from dialysis and it is also transportation of staff to and from dialysis and you just do not need all of those resources when you have a kidney transplant so where do we find more kidneys back to that question well organ discards it would be great if we had less of those no argument there i am not going to go into detail about that you have heard enough of that in the news deceased donors we have kind of already talked about that you know is it a good thing a not good thing depends on your your perspective artificial kidneys yes there is lots of research being done on artificial kidneys it will be here someday when i do not know how much you know will it take the fda to approve these get through all the human human trials we will see and the same with the genetically modified pig kidneys it is happening also it will be the future someday how long will it take i do not know so and and i also wonder will everyone be good candidates for the artificial and and pig kidneys you know that is another thing is who who would be able to get these so that brings me back again to living donors we we really could do something to help discover more living donors now what we are doing now is not working you know we have been sitting at that 6000 living donors a year for a long time there are some other things with better matching that is being done and i am hoping to talk about those in another session if you have never heard of eplets there is some really interesting information about high resolution hla tissue typing again i will try and get to that later there also is some groups that are tring trying to modify nota so that there could be some benefits additional benefits given to kidney donors and would that make a difference so i will go into that in more detail another time but really my vision is that the worst treatment dialysis has the fewest number of people and that more people get kidney transplants and that maybe for right now we have living kidney donors filling that gap our next polling question is related to this kidney donation continuum that we put together so i am going to go through it really quickly with you we want to help you through this these sessions to make you more comfortable with the idea of living donation and so which currently describes your attitude toward donating being an organ donor one would be never not able to give maybe some health reasons only if you are dead deceased donor you might give to a specific person maybe a family or friend maybe an acquaintance a stranger you would like to start the workup or you are already a living donor i am really curious if we have any other living donors in the audience and it might be helpful to just do this self reflection about your own feelings and can you have empathy for those that might have a little different perspective than you i think we might be able to go if that poll is done i might you have you go ahead and do that if not i can move on 0 she has got it right let me go back all right so well most people and this is probably very typical of the general population would only give to a family or friend and 4% might consider a stranger or an acquaintance is kind of like a stranger too and there is always a a fair number of people that are that cannot donate for some reason and deceased right that is very interesting thank you so most often people make decisions about not wanting a kidney transplant or a living donor transplant based on fear here are some questions you could ask patients to find out their understanding and view on transplants and hopefully the answers they give you can guide your education so what have you been told about transplants what cons concerns do you have what have you been told about deceased donors the waiting list the wait time the benefits of transplant compared to dialysis and then what have you been told about living donor transplants the benefits compared to deceased and the wait time so i am going to turn this back over to elizabeth we hopefully have had some questions come up from the audience but i will elizabeth i will let you take it from here thank you glenna before we take questions i did want to mention that in addition to the slides and the recording being posted on the network 5 web page we are also going to have an additional flyer that is entitled 4 steps to creating a prot transplant culture this flyer will give you a framework for how to start that process of a prot transmit culture within your facility and so now we can take questions as a reminder please submit them in the q amp a section which is right next to the chat at the bottom of your screen i also wanted to note that we did receive a few questions during registration and we have made note of those and we are just rolling them over into subsequent sessions when the material aligns more with that presentation okay so we have one question glenna do you have any tips on how to create a system of regular communication with transplant centers so i do not know all of what your communication looks like now so i want to preface preface it with with that but as i was contemplating this 2 things kind of came to mind one do you do the social workers have some kind of a spreadsheet or how do you keep track of your patients and where they are in the transplant process or maybe what education has been done or what their understanding is or were they referred are you waiting back so you know how do you keep track and would there would some kind of a spreadsheet be kind of a good idea for helping with tracking just internally for you and then i think regarding communicating with the transplant centers i was wondering if there would be any kind of a pre formatted a form that maybe had some some checkbox so whatever your most common questions or information you needed from them could you send it and then they could easily make check marks or a few notes and send it back to you so you had more of an ongoing communication and and is that something that would be helpful and something that could be used across all transmit centers across all social workers so some kind of a template and again i do not know the detail of do you communicate by email by facts you know what is the electronic you know methodology so how do we make it easier and i thought well you know maybe quality insights might be interested in maybe coordinating or collaborating together to have some social workers and a transplant coordinator work together on how we could communicate better as kind of an quality improvement communication tool i think that is a great idea next question is hypertension is prevalent in the african american community is a person with hypertension able to be a living donor so typically and and i always say typically because every transplant center has their own criteria but typically they are allowed to be managed on one or 2 blood pressure medications and can still be considered a kidney donor so you know the key word being are they managed in into a normal blood pressure range with one or 2 medications so often they can yeah next question i have a couple of patients who are active on the transplant lists they have young adult children who want to be living donors that the patients themselves do not want to take kidneys from their children do you have any thoughts on this yes that is exactly why i we are doing these 4 series is because i think there needs to be a lot more education about the risk for donors i think it is very fear based when i have hear people say i do not want them because because and so i would like your feedback at the end of the series to say do you think we gave you more information to help you have better discussions with patients you know what are they afraid of what what is their biggest fear and sometimes it is not always valid like when you look at the actual data and i will be sharing that especially in the next 2 presentations we will focus much more on the risk and the process for living donors so i am not going to go into the detail now but if you come back for for those next 2 sessions i think you will get more information and that is what we want you to share with families and and would it be helpful to have you know again a a family conference you know get the family in the room together with the potential donors ask the questions answer you know give them answers that everyone can hear in the same room and will that help break down some of these barriers because for the person who wants to donate they feel like that person is important enough to keep alive longer in their life and is not is not that a good reason also to donate a kidney because you love someone and maybe you want them to be a part of your family longer or you want your children you know to have time with them so sometimes i think it is it is like no i do not deserve it or no i do not want to put them at risk without really knowing you know all the information about living donation and all the options of living donation next question one of my transplant centers has a guide to finding a living donor how do you feel about that as a resource for patients so it is a guide for how to find a living donor it sounds that way yeah yeah yeah i am you know i am i do not know is this published probably by the transmit center but yeah absolutely in the last session number 4 we are going to talk about what are the resources for helping a donor find you you know the person who needs the kidney and so yes i think those resources and if you know if if that is something you could share even with the network that would be really interesting to see what is out there if that is a possibility i will be giving you resources in websites and people that have more information about helping to find a donor so i think everyone will get you know a few more supportive tools as we go along but yeah absolutely this is an an interesting one has there been any research on the spirituality of receiving a kidney or other organ donation i know hospitals provide spiritual support but curious if transplant centers encourage or provide spiritual support as well that is probably a better question for those of you in the diagnosis units so i know yeah i i keep thinking from a from a donor perspective most religions allow people to donate and i do not think that is really the question you are asking i think you are asking what is the support and i would say the social workers you as the social workers would probably know best in your communities where that support is and i you know are you looking at a faith based patient or just general support i know in the hospitals we used to have a lot more chaplain and people coming in and i think a lot of that went away with covid and so i really do not know and i do not know that we have ever had that for dialysis units though in general so that is i think a good question and i would you know if you feel like something we want to explore in more detail that could be you know another discussion the next question i is one i can take that was asking about does anyone have a list or spreadsheet of transplant center criteria and it looks like that has been somewhat addressed in the chat but just to to put it out there yes every transplant center has a little bit of variation so certainly you can contact the transplant center directly but also the networks generally post the criteria on their websites as well so you can check there and we will have a chart that would link you to the referral criteria for those so i will elizabeth i have a question follow up question for you is that public information or do you have to be a trans dialysis unit to view your network spr sheet that has that criteria we have it do you mean in terms of who can view it from the website yes anyone can view that from our website okay that is good to know because we have not had a we there is no single resource to look at transplant centers but that is interesting that you are saying each network has the transplant center criteria or just yours i cannot for other networks but i can say that network 5 does and i believe 3 and 4 is as well yeah glenna this is randy the executive director for network 5 good afternoon everybody so just to chime in here on this topic most esrd networks do have this information posted in in one centralized location on their websites that anyone could access i will tell you that even in our own network we have had a hard time getting the criteria from some transplant center so i would love to say that you know it is 100% out there and even recently i have gone on transplant center websites looking for the information so that we can update and i can not find it so we certainly tried to provide as much of the information as we can and the thank you because i think there is a lack of transparency as you just mentioned with the transplant centers and it is very frustrating from a donor perspective and someone who is looking for a kidney to know because there is the variation across center so thank you for for trying to you know make that better and i will definitely share that in my circles that the networks are a good resource for that thank you okay question will patients need to go through the same evaluation processes and testing if they receive a living kidney donation yeah typically the testing i mean the testing this is done is is the same if you are a if you are healthy enough to get a kidney transplant it does not matter what kind of kidney you get so what the normal pro progression for most people who go through workup who want a kidney is they are active on the deceased donor waiting list 1st only because often they do not have a living donor already ready to go so and and some centers will not work up a donor until you are active on the transplant waiting list and it again it depends on the donor or the transplant center sometimes they will work up a donor while the recipient is going through their workup also so again it just it is very center specific but the workup is the same for the person who needs the kidney this is the last question that i see for right now how would you suggest talking to patients who have had a friend or family member who had a bad experience with transplant a failure a traumatic surgery something like that and i will say we we hear this often there are little fishbowls in trans or in dialysis and so you know one bad experience really has a ripple effect for for other patients in the union so i am going to share a personal story with you related to that issue my my husband has polycystic kidney disease and his grandmother father and uncle his siblings all have pkd and have been on dialysis and have gotten transplants his father died within months of getting his kidney transplant and so that was really negative issue for my husband his uncle died after getting a kidney transplant also so what i he was like totally fearful of going on the transpl it is like no i do not want a transplant i am going to die if i get one cuz look at my family history and i said okay fine but let us look at why they died number one his father had heart failure he did not die from any complications related to the transplant at all he had a failing heart he had been a a recovered alcoholic he you know he did not have good vascular system and he did not do well because of his heart failure not because of his transplant his uncle his kidney was working fine also he had a percutaneous biopsy done of the kidney and they nicked the peritoneum and he had a peritonitis infection that they did not discover for a long time afterwards so there are very specific reasons why people do not do well after they get a transplant and so it depends on what that situation is and then the person who now is looking for a transplant or potentially considering it what is their health situation how is it different or better and i said to my husband i am like you walk several times a week you are healthier you do not have all the issues your your father had and you probably will do very well with the kidney transplant there is nothing to indicate you would not do well so i would just please look at the person in front of you and what is their health condition what are their risk factors and you can not compare apples and oranges because they are not the same people and it is not the same day and age and we have better things that we can do with people to help the kidneys last longer than we did you know 20 years ago so so please have an open mind and look at the individual rather than allowing them to just make these blanket statements because of all the people they know that have that have died for some reason you know did they have a deceased donor transplant did they have a living donor transplant you know what was what was the match what are the other health risk factors there is just so many things to consider thank you for that i appreciate it if you will advance the slides yes little bit more well i just want to say thank you for letting me be here for the opportunity to talk to you i am really excited that i think as we go through these 4 sessions you will continue hopefully to learn and to get some tools and and to take back information to your dial is units to your patients to your other staff to help you have really better conversations to help people you know i always say because living donor transplants the best treatment is not that what we want for every patient the very best treatment the longest life and so how do we help them with that how do we help them step through that process in a supportive way so thank you very much we would we thank you all for joining we would appreciate your feedback on today is education session you can use the link that we are going to post in the chat and that will take you to the evaluation you can also use the qr code here you are also going to receive an email following this webinar that will include the links as mentioned earlier in the presentation this course is approved approv d by aswb for social work continuing education credits but you must complete and submit both the evaluation and the post knowledge check your official certificate will be emailed to you within 3 business days let us make sure we get that survey monkey make in the chat and while we are waiting on that just to thank you for joining us and if you have not already done so please register and join us for session 2 which is called the pathway to giving understanding the living kidney donor process this is going to be held on november 1st which is a wednesday at 12 0 pm eastern and we should also have the registration link for that in the chat thank you all so much have a good day

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srkrfiE4KUs

the tables have already been opened 41 yes 59 no for will we one shot four horsemen when you're not using thunderbury i used to have here to tank tables are closing chat tables are closing you better hurry get them in get them in get them in 30 36 yard cast and let's go in going to the left we're going to line up with the stove i thought we pulled those so scary [Laughter] line up with the skulls okay here we go chad go with me so hopefully i don't get one shot you guys all your flasks on right okay here we go thanks you guys should have your targets see if the corrupted ashbringer drops chat that's who i'm starting on dashbringer nah i don't have all my world buffs and stuff so like paladins already don't do great damage but if they don't have all their world buffs it's like really really bad eight sorry eight eight eight eight we gotta move we gotta move it's nine 10. like i ran back to a meteor on his own yeah it was both ways 11. we're still probably gonna kill it i think i think we got it 14. 17. we still don't have okay more greens about to go down the fight gets exponentially easier as time goes on yeah chad we are recruiting we need warriors and priests especially we are recruiting so if you want to join crusader on verlina 21 if it's been six months already call me brute thank you for the two three six months thank you so much dude 21 21 21 21 21 21 yes and you're just talking today yeah if you guys are if you guys want to join crusader unfairly we are recruiting so i mean okay it's technically not over yet but it's it's borderline impossible that we wipe at this point it's not done yet so we'll wait and there it is one shot believers congratulations believers is it time get away from the chest everybody get away everybody except for us man go away from us now everybody back off so believe was easy no way dude it dropped no way no way it dropped it dropped away dude oh [ __ ] holy [ __ ] no cap hey did we get the warrior chess piece that's all i care about wait it's on the stream yeah and who wore your [Music] she's better than none i guess now here's the thing all right kick my lawyer i'm vlogging the best weapon is mitochondrial it's not the best weapon but who knows when my minor mantle is going to drop but and also i want them both for two different builds but also i don't know if that two different builds thing works on classic i like it on private here but i also want it for the rp i mean it's a paladin weapon i've made that very clear from day one i want them both gratzas found on corrupted ashbringer thanks guys congrats what in chan are you putting on it dude got a crusader dude oh there it is dude the corrupted ash finger look at that dude on death so you have a skull going around the skull the corrupted ashbringer two desecrated holy crap there it is dude go to scarlet monastery okay tonight after raid we're going to scarlet monastery why what's there there's a special event if you have the corrupted ashbringer there's a special event that basically all the scarlet crusade members become friendly to you and then there's a whole like side event that happens that basically opens the door to how to find the real ashbringer and then blizzard was dumb and they never actually finished it because you were supposed to be able to get the ashbringer and outland yeah you're supposed to be able to get the ashbringer crusade and they straight up like forgot about it but this is an event that was never scripted on any private survivor played on so i've never actually seen this event what ended up happening was wrath of lich king came out and they were like you know what ashbringer is such a legendary weapon we decided that no players should be strong enough to ever actually wield the ashbringer and then they flipped and legion they just gave everyone ashbringer no i have it so well guys tonight we're gonna go to scarlet monastery and see that event for the first time i had the corrupted ashbringer on private servers but the event wasn't scripted so what happens is you take the corrupted ashbringer into scarlet monastery right because the lore is that the ashbringer is like the weapon of the the scarlet highlord uh mogarin right the ashbringer his name is ashbringer his weapon is ashbringer too so you do that and then uh they're all friendly to you that's why whenever i go to the argent don guys that's why whenever you go to argenton guys i'm hated to these guys now i was hated squad r so because i'm hated they attack me yeah so that's how it works so now let's go hate crusaders these hate crusaders uh i've never seen it before and i'm very excited to see it that's changed you oh yeah it was awesome yo pala take this brew it will give you more energy for the upcoming challenge this string is called game fuel oh game fuel wow how delicious [Music] okay what is he doing what are you cursing tongues i'm pretty sure he's purging you the warlock and oh that guy right the the run by it sounds like the purge noise did i kill him wait helsi are you serious you didn't kelsey you didn't one shot at level 37 dude you'd be kidding me he's level 37 yeah yeah it's cathedral okay you got a freaking bone reaper's edge can't even one shot a little 37. oh my my game just lagged i wonder if it triggered the event oh hold on let's see hello oh [Laughter] bow down kneel before the ashbringer a new dawn approaches brothers and sisters our message will be delivered to the filth of this world through the chosen one oh frick dude just ruined the immersion by bolting ahead hold on i pressed the wrong button oh brick oh no way no way no way this is so cool wait shrugs four shrug yo [Laughter] take me with you sir look at this dude unbelievable so these guys all just bow when they see you oh frick he sees me no way this is so cool no it's not a cult chat stop it's this is not otk it's not one true king what the frick no it's not it's not literally a cult stop it's it's an orc look at this dude this is so cool the ashbringer like they're all bowing dude i am unworthy true this is great i wish my stream was like this have you come to save this world to cleanse it [Music] kneel before the ashbringer you hold my father's blade as fan my soldiers are yours to control my lord take them lead them the impure must be purged they must be cleansed of their taint no way dude this is so cool no freaking way okay so how oh oh look chat look [Music] hi lord mograine the ashbringer the ghost of ashbringer [Music] renault father but how big did you think that your betrayal would be forgotten lost in the carefully planned cover-up of my death blood of my blood the blade felt your cruelty long after my heart had stopped beating and in death i knew what you had done but now the chains of kel'thuzad hold me no more and i come to serve justice i am ashbringer forgive me father please you are forgiven but the frick you killed him what do you mean you're forgiven you just killed him yo what do you drop what's the loot [Music] so now what i think there's something with fairbanks no i think you have to stay here now for the rest of the game that's how this oh is this it just log out here this is your new cathedral let's go to fairbanks [Music] okay scarlet monk and so does the unworthy kneel before the true wielder of the ashbringer his fight remain eternal his legacy will forever be in the history of mankind all hail the new ashbringer [Music] high inquisitor fairbanks oh he got up oh there he is wait what he's a human now [Music] at last the curse is lifted thank you hero curse what's going on here fairbanks you mean you don't know the sword that you carry on your back it is known as ashbringer named after its original owner i the high lord mograine a founder of the original order of the scarlet crusade at night of unwavering faith and purity more grain would be betrayed by his own son and slain by kel'thuzad's forces inside of stratholme it is how i ended up here what do you mean it was high general lebendous and high lord mograine that formed the crusade in its infancy the crusade was a noble order the madness and insane zealotry that you see now did not exist it was not until the one known as the grand crusader appeared that the wheels of corruption were set in motion wait the grand crusader hands up i still do not fully understand the high lord was the linchpin of the crusade aye mo grain was called the ashbringer because of his exploits versus the armies of the lich king with only blade and faith mograine would walk into whole battalions of undead and emerge unscathed the ashes of his foes being the only indication that he had been there at all do you not understand the very face of death feared him he trembled in his presence incredible story so how did he die the only way a hero can die human through tragedy the grand crusader struck a deal with kel'thuzad himself a deal which would result in him receiving a ring that timed out because loot trading only lasts for two hours and thus an ambus was staged and it would result in the death of mograine the type of betrayal that could only result in the actions of one's most trusted and loved companions you mean i the lesser mograine the one known as the scarlet commander though what i suspect the dealings of the grand crusader here led his father to the ambush like a lamb to the slaughter how do you know all this high inquisitor fairbanks lifts up his tabard revealing several whoa whoa fairbanks relax dude revealing several gruesome scars because i was there i was the high lord's most trusted advisor i should have known i felt that something was amiss yet i allowed it to happen would you believe that there were a thousand or more scourge a thousand for one man one desire this was the ashbringer fool as the scourge began to materia materialize around us morgrain's blade began to glow to hum the younger mugrain would take that as a sign to make his escape they descended upon us for their hunger the likes of which had never been seen yet yet yet what it was not enough fairbanks smirks briefly lost in a memory i'm stuck in a memory a thousand came and a thousand died by the light by the might of mograine he would smite them down as fast as they could come through the chaos i noticed that the lesser mugrain was still there off in the distance i called to him help us renault help your father boy and did he hi inquisitor fairbanks checks his head no he stood in the background watching as the legion of undead descended upon us soon after my powers were exhausted i was the first to fall surely they would tear me live from limb as i laid there unconscious but they ignored me completely focusing all of their attention on the high lord please continue fairbanks it was all i could do to feign death as the corpses of the scourge piled upon me there was darkness and only the muffled sounds of the battle above me the clashing of iron the gnashing and grinding gruesome terrible sounds and then there was silence he called to me fairbanks fairbanks where are you talk to me fairbanks and then came the sound of incredulousness the bite of betrayal human you mean the boy had picked up the ashbringer and driven it through his father's heart as his back was turned his last words will haunt me forever what have you done renault why why would you do this you're right fairbanks that is tragic the blade and more grain were a singular entity do you understand this act corrupted the blade and led to mograine's own corruption as a death knight of kilthuzzard i swore that if i ever lived if i if i lived or exposed the perpetrators of this heinous crime for two days i remained under the rot and contagion of the scourge gathering as much strength as possible to escape the race city and you did i i did much to the dismay of the lesser mograine i made my way back to the scarlet monastery and i shouted and screamed i told the tale to any that would listen and i would be murdered in cold blood for my actions dragged to this chamber the dark secret of the order but some did listen some heard my words and thus was born the argent dawn you tell an incredible tale fairbanks whatever the blade is it beyond redemption i'm afraid that the blade which you hold in your hands is beyond saving the hatred runs too deep but do not lose hope paladin where one chapter has ended a new one begins find his son a more devout and pious man than you may never meet it is rumored that he is able to build the ashbringer anew without requiring the old tinted blade but his son is dead high inquisitor fairbanks shakes his head no human only one of his sons is dead the other still lives high inquisitor fairbanks points to the sky the outland find him there oh frick tbc confirmed boys tbc confirmed what a cliffhanger wow actually real look at that dude tbc confirmed yes that's right tbc is no not cbt look i'm not a big lore guy i'm not a big lore guy in general but this is uh this is this is easily uh in my opinion the the best story as far as abernathy get some pants on frick as as far as the lore in wow goes i'm not super into like all i i would say most of the story why is everybody taking their cloak i'm not into most of the stories okay but the story of the ashbringer i think would be i i think it's absolutely amazing i think this would actually be an amazing movie i was hoping years ago whenever i found out that they were going to make a warcraft movie i was just hoping it was going to be the story of ashbringer that's it and i think you could probably make very good standalone movies out of like single stories in the lore i i think it is so unbelievably good seriously clovers are you serious yeah what are you doing stop this is a family-friendly stream okay not a sex cult by the way this is just this is not a sex world hanging out it kind of sucks man so clover my twitch prime let me let me give you guys a little bit of a uh spoiler alert there is no ashbringer so basically blizzard did this whole thing and set this whole story up to lead into burning crusade they even reference outland before burning crusade yeah and they they straight up forgot about it there used to be a website back in the day called ashbringer.com it was a forum where people spent decades uh going through and just putting in all kinds of information getting different stuff i tried this i tried that how can we find the ashbringer there was stuff with fishing nat pagel and actually blizzard references themselves in legion you know how you can get the corrupted ashbringer appearance for the legion artifacts for uh for paladins basically they went through a bunch of those different rumors of how to get the uncorrupted ashbringer and that's how you get the corrupted ashbringer so like the the fishing and and all the stuff with nat pagel that questline took so long in legion dude people did that in vanilla because they were trying to piece together like maybe it was like some secret quest that that you you had to do a bunch of this stuff to unlock and uh what ended up happening was max came out somebody got corrupted ashbringer they came here they go through this whole rp event and it talks about the outland and people are like outland burning crusade boom there it is so i remember back in burning crusade people spent hours thousands of years in during the course of burning crusade going around and trying to find who we now know as darian mograine right where he was in the outland and what ended up happening was somebody asked blizzard at some event i think it was at like blizzcon when was the first blizzcon 2007 it was towards the end of bernie crusade like i think it was during a blizzcon q a or something they asked they were like yo what happened to the ashbringer right like you guys had this thing you said he's now in does it exist and they were like oh yeah we forgot about that and didn't put the ashbringer in the game and then what ended up happening was by the time wrath of the lich king came out they said look the ashbringer is a weapon so powerful so legendary that we don't think any single player should be able to wield it we will bring it back into the game and the only person that could ever wield it again is tyrion forgering until legion where they said you know what you get nashbringer you get nashbringer and they went all freaking oprah winfrey and handed every player in ashbringer so yeah it's kind of funny how that works dude yeah good one blizz so then they made the ashbringer like not nearly as cool i've talked about how like i'm very much like i'm very pro changes come burning crusade if they find a way now this is a very crazy change because this isn't like a little back end something's wrong with an ability or this thing doesn't work right here this doesn't make sense i would actually love to see them implement this back into the game and and finish what they started and actually put the ashbringer in the game and burning crusade they're never going to do it but i would love to see that [Music] you

the tables have already been opened 41 yes 59 no for will we one shot 4 horsemen when you are not using thunderbury i used to have here to tank tables are closing chat tables are closing you better hurry get them in get them in get them in 30 36 yard cast and let us go in going to the left we are going to line up with the stove i thought we pulled those so scary line up with the skulls okay here we go chad go with me so hopefully i do not get one shot you guys all your flasks on right okay here we go thanks you guys should have your targets see if the corrupted ashbringer drops chat that is who i am starting on dashbringer nah i do not have all my world buffs and stuff so like paladins already do not do great damage but if they do not have all their world buffs it is like really really bad 8 sorry 8888 we got to move we got to move it is 9 10 like i ran back to a meteor on his own yeah it was both ways 11 we are still probably going to kill it i think i think we got it 14 17 we still do not have okay more greens about to go down the fight gets exponentially easier as time goes on yeah chad we are recruiting we need warriors and priests especially we are recruiting so if you want to join crusader on verlina 21 if it has been 6 months already call me brute thank you for the 236 months thank you so much dude 21 21 21 21 21 21 yes and you are just talking today yeah if you guys are if you guys want to join crusader unfairly we are recruiting so i mean okay it is technically not over yet but it is it is borderline impossible that we wipe at this point it is not done yet so we will wait and there it is one shot believers congratulations believers is it time get away from the chest everybody get away everybody except for us man go away from us now everybody back off so believe was easy no way dude it dropped no way no way it dropped it dropped away dude 0 holy no cap hey did we get the warrior chess piece that is all i care about wait it is on the stream yeah and who wore your she is better than none i guess now here is the thing all right kick my lawyer i am vlogging the best weapon is mitochondrial it is not the best weapon but who knows when my minor mantle is going to drop but and also i want them both for 2 different builds but also i do not know if that 2 different builds thing works on classic i like it on private here but i also want it for the rp i mean it is a paladin weapon i have made that very clear from day one i want them both gratzas found on corrupted ashbringer thanks guys congrats what in chan are you putting on it dude got a crusader dude 0 there it is dude the corrupted ash finger look at that dude on death so you have a skull going around the skull the corrupted ashbringer 2 desecrated holy crap there it is dude go to scarlet monastery okay tonight after raid we are going to scarlet monastery why what is there there is a special event if you have the corrupted ashbringer there is a special event that basically all the scarlet crusade members become friendly to you and then there is a whole like side event that happens that basically opens the door to how to find the real ashbringer and then blizzard was dumb and they never actually finished it because you were supposed to be able to get the ashbringer and outland yeah you are supposed to be able to get the ashbringer crusade and they straight up like forgot about it but this is an event that was never scripted on any private survivor played on so i have never actually seen this event what ended up happening was wrath of lich king came out and they were like you know what ashbringer is such a legendary weapon we decided that no players should be strong enough to ever actually wield the ashbringer and then they flipped and legion they just gave everyone ashbringer no i have it so well guys tonight we are going to go to scarlet monastery and see that event for the 1st time i had the corrupted ashbringer on private servers but the event was not scripted so what happens is you take the corrupted ashbringer into scarlet monastery right because the lore is that the ashbringer is like the weapon of the the scarlet highlord mogarin right the ashbringer his name is ashbringer his weapon is ashbringer too so you do that and then they are all friendly to you that is why whenever i go to the argent don guys that is why whenever you go to argenton guys i am hated to these guys now i was hated squad r so because i am hated they attack me yeah so that is how it works so now let us go hate crusaders these hate crusaders i have never seen it before and i am very excited to see it that is changed you 0 yeah it was awesome yo pala take this brew it will give you more energy for the upcoming challenge this string is called game fuel 0 game fuel wow how delicious okay what is he doing what are you cursing tongues i am pretty sure he is purging you the warlock and 0 that guy right the the run by it sounds like the purge noise did i kill him wait helsi are you serious you did not kelsey you did not one shot at level 37 dude you would be kidding me he is level 37 yeah yeah it is cathedral okay you got a freaking bone reaper is edge can not even one shot a little 370 my my game just lagged i wonder if it triggered the event 0 hold on let us see hello 0 bow down kneel before the ashbringer a new dawn approaches brothers and sisters our message will be delivered to the filth of this world through the chosen 10 frick dude just ruined the immersion by bolting ahead hold on i pressed the wrong button 0 brick 0 no way no way no way this is so cool wait shrugs 4 shrug yo take me with you sir look at this dude unbelievable so these guys all just bow when they see you 0 frick he sees me no way this is so cool no it is not a cult chat stop it is this is not otk it is not one true king what the frick no it is not it is not literally a cult stop it is it is an orc look at this dude this is so cool the ashbringer like they are all bowing dude i am unworthy true this is great i wish my stream was like this have you come to save this world to cleanse it kneel before the ashbringer you hold my father is blade as fan my soldiers are yours to control my lord take them lead them the impure must be purged they must be cleansed of their taint no way dude this is so cool no freaking way okay so how 0 look chat look hi lord mograine the ashbringer the ghost of ashbringer renault father but how big did you think that your betrayal would be forgotten lost in the carefully planned cover up of my death blood of my blood the blade felt your cruelty long after my heart had stopped beating and in death i knew what you had done but now the chains of kel thuzad hold me no more and i come to serve justice i am ashbringer forgive me father please you are forgiven but the frick you killed him what do you mean you are forgiven you just killed him yo what do you drop what is the loot so now what i think there is something with fairbanks no i think you have to stay here now for the rest of the game that is how this 0 is this it just log out here this is your new cathedral let us go to fairbanks okay scarlet monk and so does the unworthy kneel before the true wielder of the ashbringer his fight remain eternal his legacy will forever be in the history of mankind all hail the new ashbringer high inquisitor fairbanks 0 he got up 0 there he is wait what he is a human now at last the curse is lifted thank you hero curse what is going on here fairbanks you mean you do not know the sword that you carry on your back it is known as ashbringer named after its original owner i the high lord mograine a founder of the original order of the scarlet crusade at night of unwavering faith and purity more grain would be betrayed by his own son and slain by kel thuzad is forces inside of stratholme it is how i ended up here what do you mean it was high general lebendous and high lord mograine that formed the crusade in its infancy the crusade was a noble order the madness and insane zealotry that you see now did not exist it was not until the one known as the grand crusader appeared that the wheels of corruption were set in motion wait the grand crusader hands up i still do not fully understand the high lord was the linchpin of the crusade aye mo grain was called the ashbringer because of his exploits versus the armies of the lich king with only blade and faith mograine would walk into whole battalions of undead and emerge unscathed the ashes of his foes being the only indication that he had been there at all do you not understand the very face of death feared him he trembled in his presence incredible story so how did he die the only way a hero can die human through tragedy the grand crusader struck a deal with kel thuzad himself a deal which would result in him receiving a ring that timed out because loot trading only lasts for 2 hours and thus an ambus was staged and it would result in the death of mograine the type of betrayal that could only result in the actions of one is most trusted and loved companions you mean i the lesser mograine the one known as the scarlet commander though what i suspect the dealings of the grand crusader here led his father to the ambush like a lamb to the slaughter how do you know all this high inquisitor fairbanks lifts up his tabard revealing several whoa whoa fairbanks relax dude revealing several gruesome scars because i was there i was the high lord is most trusted advisor i should have known i felt that something was amiss yet i allowed it to happen would you believe that there were a 1000 or more scourge a 1000 for one man one desire this was the ashbringer fool as the scourge began to materia materialize around us morgrain is blade began to glow to hum the younger mugrain would take that as a sign to make his escape they descended upon us for their hunger the likes of which had never been seen yet yet yet what it was not enough fairbanks smirks briefly lost in a memory i am stuck in a memory a 1000 came and a 1000 died by the light by the might of mograine he would smite them down as fast as they could come through the chaos i noticed that the lesser mugrain was still there off in the distance i called to him help us renault help your father boy and did he hi inquisitor fairbanks checks his head no he stood in the background watching as the legion of undead descended upon us soon after my powers were exhausted i was the 1st to fall surely they would tear me live from limb as i laid there unconscious but they ignored me completely focusing all of their attention on the high lord please continue fairbanks it was all i could do to feign death as the corpses of the scourge piled upon me there was darkness and only the muffled sounds of the battle above me the clashing of iron the gnashing and grinding gruesome terrible sounds and then there was silence he called to me fairbanks fairbanks where are you talk to me fairbanks and then came the sound of incredulousness the bite of betrayal human you mean the boy had picked up the ashbringer and driven it through his father is heart as his back was turned his last words will haunt me forever what have you done renault why why would you do this you are right fairbanks that is tragic the blade and more grain were a singular entity do you understand this act corrupted the blade and led to mograine is own corruption as a death knight of kilthuzzard i swore that if i ever lived if i if i lived or exposed the perpetrators of this heinous crime for 2 days i remained under the rot and contagion of the scourge gathering as much strength as possible to escape the race city and you did i i did much to the dismay of the lesser mograine i made my way back to the scarlet monastery and i shouted and screamed i told the tale to any that would listen and i would be murdered in cold blood for my actions dragged to this chamber the dark secret of the order but some did listen some heard my words and thus was born the argent dawn you tell an incredible tale fairbanks whatever the blade is it beyond redemption i am afraid that the blade which you hold in your hands is beyond saving the hatred runs too deep but do not lose hope paladin where one chapter has ended a new one begins find his son a more devout and pious man than you may never meet it is rumored that he is able to build the ashbringer anew without requiring the old tinted blade but his son is dead high inquisitor fairbanks shakes his head no human only one of his sons is dead the other still lives high inquisitor fairbanks points to the sky the outland find him there 0 frick tbc confirmed boys tbc confirmed what a cliffhanger wow actually real look at that dude tbc confirmed yes that is right tbc is no not cbt look i am not a big lore guy i am not a big lore guy in general but this is this is this is easily in my opinion the the best story as far as abernathy get some pants on frick as as far as the lore in wow goes i am not super into like all i i would say most of the story why is everybody taking their cloak i am not into most of the stories okay but the story of the ashbringer i think would be i i think it is absolutely amazing i think this would actually be an amazing movie i was hoping years ago whenever i found out that they were going to make a warcraft movie i was just hoping it was going to be the story of ashbringer that is it and i think you could probably make very good standalone movies out of like single stories in the lore i i think it is so unbelievably good seriously clovers are you serious yeah what are you doing stop this is a family friendly stream okay not a sex cult by the way this is just this is not a sex world hanging out it kind of sucks man so clover my twitch prime let me let me give you guys a little bit of a spoiler alert there is no ashbringer so basically blizzard did this whole thing and set this whole story up to lead into burning crusade they even reference outland before burning crusade yeah and they they straight up forgot about it there used to be a website back in the day called ashbringer com it was a forum where people spent decades going through and just putting in all kinds of information getting different stuff i tried this i tried that how can we find the ashbringer there was stuff with fishing nat pagel and actually blizzard references themselves in legion you know how you can get the corrupted ashbringer appearance for the legion artifacts for for paladins basically they went through a bunch of those different rumors of how to get the uncorrupted ashbringer and that is how you get the corrupted ashbringer so like the the fishing and and all the stuff with nat pagel that questline took so long in legion dude people did that in vanilla because they were trying to piece together like maybe it was like some secret quest that that you you had to do a bunch of this stuff to unlock and what ended up happening was max came out somebody got corrupted ashbringer they came here they go through this whole rp event and it talks about the outland and people are like outland burning crusade boom there it is so i remember back in burning crusade people spent hours 1000s of years in during the course of burning crusade going around and trying to find who we now know as darian mograine right where he was in the outland and what ended up happening was somebody asked blizzard at some event i think it was at like blizzcon when was the 1st blizzcon 2007 it was towards the end of bernie crusade like i think it was during a blizzcon q a or something they asked they were like yo what happened to the ashbringer right like you guys had this thing you said he is now in does it exist and they were like 0 yeah we forgot about that and did not put the ashbringer in the game and then what ended up happening was by the time wrath of the lich king came out they said look the ashbringer is a weapon so powerful so legendary that we do not think any single player should be able to wield it we will bring it back into the game and the only person that could ever wield it again is tyrion forgering until legion where they said you know what you get nashbringer you get nashbringer and they went all freaking oprah winfrey and handed every player in ashbringer so yeah it is kind of funny how that works dude yeah good one blizz so then they made the ashbringer like not nearly as cool i have talked about how like i am very much like i am very pro changes come burning crusade if they find a way now this is a very crazy change because this is not like a little back end something is wrong with an ability or this thing does not work right here this does not make sense i would actually love to see them implement this back into the game and and finish what they started and actually put the ashbringer in the game and burning crusade they are never going to do it but i would love to see that you

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3V8w6ouphr4