Cis-aconitate decarboxylase that catalyzes production of itaconate and is involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory response ( , ). Acts as a negative regulator of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated inflammatory innate response by stimulating the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein TNFAIP3 expression via reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-tolerized macrophages . Involved in antimicrobial response of innate immune cells; ACOD1-mediated itaconic acid production contributes to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages by generating itaconate, leading to alkylation of proteins, such as TFEB (, ). Involved in antiviral response following infection by flavivirus in neurons: ACOD1-mediated itaconate production inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, generating a metabolic state in neurons that suppresses replication of viral genomes (By similarity). Plays a role in the embryo implantation (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Mitochondrion
Expressed in LPS-tolerized macrophages (at protein level). Expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), microglia and macrophage cells.