The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Depending on the isoform, progesterone receptor functions as a transcriptional activator or repressor.
Ligand-dependent transdominant repressor of steroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity including repression of its isoform B, MR and ER. Transrepressional activity may involve recruitment of corepressor NCOR2.
Transcriptional activator of several progesteron-dependent promoters in a variety of cell types. Involved in activation of SRC-dependent MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation.
Increases mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular respiration upon stimulation by progesterone.
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Cytoplasm
Nucleoplasmic shuttling is both hormone- and cell cycle-dependent. On hormone stimulation, retained in the cytoplasm in the G(1) and G(2)/M phases.
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Cytoplasm
Mainly nuclear.
Subcellular locations: Mitochondrion outer membrane
In reproductive tissues the expression of isoform A and isoform B varies as a consequence of developmental and hormonal status. Isoform A and isoform B are expressed in comparable levels in uterine glandular epithelium during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Expression of isoform B but not of isoform A persists in the glands during mid-secretory phase. In the stroma, isoform A is the predominant form throughout the cycle. Heterogeneous isoform expression between the glands of the endometrium basalis and functionalis is implying region-specific responses to hormonal stimuli.