Transcriptional modulator that plays a role in various cellular processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis . Upon BMP ligand binding to their receptors at the cell surface, is phosphorylated by activated type I BMP receptors (BMPRIs) and associates with SMAD4 to form an heteromeric complex which translocates into the nucleus acting as transcription factor . In turn, the hetero-trimeric complex recognizes cis-regulatory elements containing Smad Binding Elements (SBEs) to modulate the outcome of the signaling network . SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1. Positively regulates BMP4-induced expression of odontogenic development regulator MSX1 following IPO7-mediated nuclear import (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Cytoplasmic in the absence of ligand. Migrates to the nucleus when complexed with SMAD4 . Co-localizes with LEMD3 at the nucleus inner membrane . Exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm when dephosphorylated (By similarity).
Ubiquitous. Highest expression seen in the heart and skeletal muscle.