Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition; cchannels containing GRIN1 and GRIN2A have lower sensitivity to glutamate and faster deactivation kinetics than channels formed by GRIN1 and GRIN2B. Contributes to the slow phase of excitatory postsynaptic current, long-term synaptic potentiation, and learning (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cell projection, Dendritic spine, Cell membrane, Synapse, Postsynaptic cell membrane, Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
Expression at the dendrite cell membrane and at synapses is regulated by SORCS2 and the retromer complex.