Involved in innate immunity against invading pathogens. Adapter used by TLR3, TLR4 (through TICAM2) and TLR5 to mediate NF-kappa-B and interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) activation, and to induce apoptosis ( , ). Ligand binding to these receptors results in TRIF recruitment through its TIR domain ( ). Distinct protein-interaction motifs allow recruitment of the effector proteins TBK1, TRAF6 and RIPK1, which in turn, lead to the activation of transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, NF-kappa-B and FADD respectively ( ). Phosphorylation by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif leads to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent immunity against invading pathogens . Component of a multi-helicase-TICAM1 complex that acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and plays a role in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasmic vesicle, Autophagosome, Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Mitochondrion
Colocalizes with UBQLN1 in the autophagosome . Colocalizes in the cytosol with DDX1, DDX21 and DHX36. Colocalizes in the mitochondria with DDX1 and poly(I:C) RNA ligand. The multi-helicase-TICAM1 complex may translocate to the mitochondria upon poly(I:C) RNA ligand stimulation (By similarity).
Ubiquitously expressed but with higher levels in liver.