GPI-anchored cell surface protein that regulates T-lymphocytes proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Regulates the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by interacting with component CD3Z/CD247 at the plasma membrane, leading to CD3Z/CD247 phosphorylation modulation (By similarity). Restricts the entry of human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, by interfering with spike protein-mediated membrane fusion . Also plays an essential role in placenta formation by acting as the main receptor for syncytin-A (SynA). Therefore, participates in the normal fusion of syncytiotrophoblast layer I (SynT-I) and in the proper morphogenesis of both fetal and maternal vasculatures within the placenta. May also act as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) activity (By similarity).
(Microbial infection) Promotes entry, likely through an enhanced virus-cell fusion process, of various viruses including HIV-1, West Nile virus, dengue virus and Zika virus . In contrast, the paramyxovirus PIV5, which enters at the plasma membrane, does not require LY6E (, ). Mechanistically, adopts a microtubule-like organization upon viral infection and enhances viral uncoating after endosomal escape (, ).
Subcellular locations: Cell membrane
Widely expressed, predominantly in liver, kidney, ovary, spleen and peripheral blood Leukocytes.