DNA repair protein involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); required for double-strand break (DSB) repair and V(D)J recombination (    ). Plays a key role in NHEJ by promoting the ligation of various mismatched and non-cohesive ends ( ). Together with PAXX, collaborates with DNA polymerase lambda (POLL) to promote joining of non-cohesive DNA ends (, ). May act in concert with XRCC5-XRCC6 (Ku) to stimulate XRCC4-mediated joining of blunt ends and several types of mismatched ends that are non-complementary or partially complementary ( , ). Associates with XRCC4 to form alternating helical filaments that bridge DNA and act like a bandage, holding together the broken DNA until it is repaired (   ). The XRCC4-NHEJ1/XLF subcomplex binds to the DNA fragments of a DSB in a highly diffusive manner and robustly bridges two independent DNA molecules, holding the broken DNA fragments in close proximity to one other (, ). The mobility of the bridges ensures that the ends remain accessible for further processing by other repair factors . Binds DNA in a length-dependent manner (, ).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Chromosome
Localizes to site of double-strand breaks; recruitment is dependent on XRCC5-XRCC6 (Ku) heterodimer.
Ubiquitously expressed.