Non-catalytic component of the multisynthase complex. Stimulates the catalytic activity of cytoplasmic arginyl-tRNA synthase . Binds tRNA. Possesses inflammatory cytokine activity . Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling through stabilization of SMURF2 by binding to SMURF2 and inhibiting its SMAD7-mediated degradation (By similarity). Involved in glucose homeostasis through induction of glucagon secretion at low glucose levels (By similarity). Promotes dermal fibroblast proliferation and wound repair . Regulates KDELR1-mediated retention of HSP90B1/gp96 in the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell migration at low concentrations and endothelian cell apoptosis at high concentrations . Induces maturation of dendritic cells and monocyte cell adhesion . Modulates endothelial cell responses by degrading HIF-1A through interaction with PSMA7 .
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Secreted, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
Enriched in secretory vesicles of pancreatic alpha cells and secreted from the pancreas in response to low glucose levels (By similarity). Secreted in response to hypoxia . Also secreted in response to both apoptotic and necrotic cell death.