Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions (By similarity). Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity. Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity (By similarity).
Subcellular locations: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Secreted
Translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induction (PMA). Predominantly in the cytoplasm in non irradiated cells. Radiation induces translocation of TRX from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Secreted by a leaderless secretory pathway.