Translation elongation factor that catalyzes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the A-site of ribosomes during the elongation phase of protein synthesis (  ). Base pairing between the mRNA codon and the aa-tRNA anticodon promotes GTP hydrolysis, releasing the aa-tRNA from EEF1A1 and allowing its accommodation into the ribosome (  ). The growing protein chain is subsequently transferred from the P-site peptidyl tRNA to the A-site aa-tRNA, extending it by one amino acid through ribosome-catalyzed peptide bond formation ( , ). Also plays a role in the positive regulation of IFNG transcription in T-helper 1 cells as part of an IFNG promoter-binding complex with TXK and PARP1 .
(Microbial infection) Required for the translation of viral proteins and viral replication during human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Cell membrane
Colocalizes with DLC1 at actin-rich regions in the cell periphery . Translocates together with ZPR1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and nucleolus after treatment with mitogens . Localization at the cell membrane depends on EEF1A1 phosphorylation status and the presence of PPP1R16B .