May be involved in membrane trafficking in the early secretory pathway. Inhibits BACE1 activity and amyloid precursor protein processing. May induce caspase-8 cascade and apoptosis. May favor BCL2 translocation to the mitochondria upon endoplasmic reticulum stress. Induces the formation of endoplasmic reticulum tubules . Also acts as an inflammation-resolving regulator by interacting with both TRIM25 and RIGI, subsequently impairing RIGI 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination leading to IRF3 and NF-kappa-B inhibition.
(Microbial infection) Plays a positive role in viral replication and pathogenesis of enteroviruses.
Subcellular locations: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane
Isoform 3 is widely expressed, with highest levels in brain, where it is enriched in neuronal cell bodies from gray matter (at protein level). Three times more abundant in macula than in peripheral retina. Isoform 1 is expressed at high levels in brain and at low levels in skeletal muscle. Isoform 2 is only found in melanoma.