Catalyzes the first step in ubiquitin conjugation to mark cellular proteins for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system ( ). Activates ubiquitin by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, and thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of a cysteine residue in E1, yielding a ubiquitin-E1 thioester and free AMP . Essential for the formation of radiation-induced foci, timely DNA repair and for response to replication stress. Promotes the recruitment of TP53BP1 and BRCA1 at DNA damage sites .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Mitochondrion, Nucleus
Subcellular locations: Nucleus
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm
Detected in erythrocytes (at protein level). Ubiquitous.