Participates in the induction of key genes involved in the response to hypoxia and in the induction of angiogenesis such as HIF1A . Involved in protecting cells from hypoxia-mediated cell death (By similarity).
Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. Binds to the NRP1/neuropilin-1 receptor. Binding to NRP1 initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By similarity). Also binds the DEAR/FBXW7-AS1 receptor .
Binds to the KDR receptor but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Cytoplasmic in normoxic conditions and localizes to the nucleus under hypoxic conditions.
Subcellular locations: Secreted
Subcellular locations: Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Secreted, Extracellular space, Extracellular matrix
Subcellular locations: Secreted
Subcellular locations: Secreted
Subcellular locations: Secreted
Cell-associated after secretion and is bound avidly by heparin and the extracellular matrix, although it may be released as a soluble form by heparin, heparinase or plasmin.
Higher expression in pituitary tumors than the pituitary gland.
Widely expressed.
Widely expressed.
Widely expressed.
Not widely expressed.
Not widely expressed.