Acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPases. Its activation induces formation of actin stress fibers. Also acts as a GEF for RAC1, inducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Does not act as a GEF for CDC42. The G protein beta-gamma (Gbetagamma) subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins act as activators, explaining the integrated effects of LPA and other G-protein coupled receptor agonists on actin stress fiber formation, cell shape change and ROS production. Required for EPB41L4B-mediated regulation of the circumferential actomyosin belt in epithelial cells .
Subcellular locations: Cytoplasm, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Cell membrane, Apical cell membrane
In unactivated eosinophils, distributed around the cell periphery in the perimembranous region . In activated eosinophils, relocates to the tip of the nucleopod, a membrane structure formed during activation when the nucleus moves to one end of the cell, and is also concentrated in membrane protrusions at the opposite end of the cell . Localizes to the apical cell membrane in epithelial cells .
Expressed in all tissues tested with highest expression in kidney and pancreas. Weakly or not expressed in liver, skeletal muscle and testis. Isoform 1: Expressed in eosinophils . Isoform 2: Expressed in eosinophils . Isoform 3: Expressed in eosinophils . Isoform 4: Not detected in eosinophils .