law: Copyright Act, 1957 
  2. Interpretation
  In this Act unless the context otherwise
  
  requires -        
  (a) "adaptation" means -
  
                         
  
                    
  
                    
  
  
  (i) in relation to a
  
  dramatic work the conversion of the work into a non-dramatic work;
  
                   
  
           
  (ii) in relation to a
  
  literary work or an artistic work the conversion of the work into a dramatic
  
  work by way of performance in public or otherwise;
  
                    
  
  
  (iii) in relation to a
  
  literary or dramatic work any abridgement of the work or any version of the
  
  work in which the story or action is conveyed wholly or mainly by means of
  
  pictures in a form suitable for reproduction in a book or in a newspaper,
  
  magazine or similar periodical;
  
                             
  
  
  (iv) in relation to a
  
  musical work any arrangement or transcription of the work; and
  
                        
  
  
  (v) in relation to any
  
  work 'any use of such work involving its re-arrangement or alteration';
  
            
  
           
  (b) "work of architecture" means any
  
  building or structure having an artistic character or design or any model for
  
  such building or structure;
  
                  
  
  
  (c) "artistic work" means -
  
                      
  
  
  (i) a painting a
  
  sculpture a drawing (including a diagram map, chart or plan) an engraving or a
  
  photograph whether or not any such work possesses artistic quality;
  
                        
  
  
  (ii) an architectural
  
  work of art;
  
  and                            
  
  
  (iii) any other work
  
  of artistic craftsmanship;                          
  
  
  (d) "author" means -
  
                     
  
  
  (i) in relation to a
  
  literary or dramatic work the author of the work;
  
       
  (ii) in relation to a
  
  musical work the composer;
  
                        
  
  
  (iii) in relation to
  
  an artistic work other than a photograph, the artist;  
  (iv) in relation to a
  
  photograph the person taking the photograph;
  
        
  (v) in relation to a
  
  cinematograph film or sound recording the producer; and
  (vi) in relation to
  
  any literary dramatic musical or artistic work which is computer-generated the
  
  person who causes the work to be created;
  
         
  (dd) "broadcast" means communication
  
  to the public -
  
                        
  
  
  (i) by any means of
  
  wireless diffusion whether in any one or more of the forms of signs sounds or
  
  visual images; or
  
                         
  
  
  (ii) by wire, and
  
  includes a re-broadcast;
  
                      
  
  
  (e) "calendar year" means the year
  
  commencing on the 1st day of January;    
  (f) "cinematograph firm" means any
  
  work of visual recording on any medium produced through a process from which a
  
  moving image may be produced by any means and includes a sound recording
  
  accompanying such visual recording and "cinematograph" shall be
  
  construed as including any work produced by any process analogous to
  
  cinematography including video films;       
  (ff) "communication to the public"
  
  means making any work available for being seen or heard or otherwise enjoyed by
  
  the public directly or by any means of display or diffusion other than by
  
  issuing copies of such work regardless of whether any member of the public
  
  actually sees hears or otherwise enjoys the work so made available.
  
                          
  
  
  Explanation : For the purposes of
  
  this clause communication through satellite or cable or any other means of
  
  simultaneous communication to more than one household or place of residence
  
  including residential rooms of any hotel or hostel shall be deemed to be
  
  communication to the public;
  
                 
  
  
  (ffa) "composer" in relation to a
  
  musical work means the person who composes the music regardless of whether he
  
  records it in any form of graphical notation;
  
                        
  
  
  (ffb) "computer" includes any
  
  electronic or similar device having information processing capabilities;
  
            
  
           
  (ffc) "computer programme" means a
  
  set of instructions expressed in words codes schemes or in any other form
  
  including a machine readable medium capable of causing a computer to perform a
  
  particular task or achieve a particular result;      
  (ffd) "copyright society" means a
  
  society registered under sub-section (3) of section 33;
  
                          
  
  
  (g) "delivery" in relation to a
  
  lecture includes delivery by means of any mechanical instrument or by
  
  broadcast;
  
                              
  
  
  (h) "dramatic work" includes any
  
  piece for recitation, choreographic work or entertainment in dumb show the
  
  scenic arrangement or acting form of which is fixed in writing or otherwise but
  
  does not include a cinematograph film;   
  (hh) "duplicating equipment" means
  
  any mechanical contrivance or device used or intended to be used for making
  
  copies of any work;
  
            
  (i) "engravings" include etchings
  
  lithographs wood-cuts prints and other similar works not being photographs;
  
                    
  
  
  (j) "exclusive license" means a
  
  license which confers on the licensee or on the licensee and persons authorized
  
  by him to the exclusion of all other persons (including the owner of the copyright)
  
  any right comprised in the copyright in a work and exclusive licensee shall be
  
  construed accordingly;
  
                           
  
  
  (k) "government work" means a work which is 
  
  made or published by or under the direction or control of -              
  (i) the government or
  
  any department of the government;
  
                   
  
  
  (ii) any Legislature
  
  in  India ;
  
                     
  
  
  (iii) any court
  
  Tribunal or other judicial authority in India ;
  
                    
  
  
  (l) "Indian work" means a literary
  
  dramatic or musical work -
  
                          
  
  
  (i) the author of
  
  which is a citizen of India ; or
  
                         
  
  
  (ii) which is first
  
  published in  India ; or
  
                           
  
  
  (iii) the author of
  
  which in the case of an unpublished work, is at the time of the making of the
  
  work a citizen of  India ;
  
                           
  
  
  (m) "infringing copy" means -
  
                             
  
  
  (i) in relation to
  
  literary dramatic musical or artistic work, a reproduction thereof otherwise
  
  than in the form of a cinematographic film;
  
                        
  (ii) in relation to a
  
  cinematographic film a copy of the film made on any medium by any means;
  
         
  
                    
  
  
  (iii) in relation to a
  
  sound recording any other recording embodying the same sound recording made by
  
  any means;
  
                       
  
  
  (iv) in relation to a
  
  programme or performance in which such a broadcast reproduction right or a
  
  performer's right subsists under the provisions of this Act the sound recording
  
  or a cinematographic film of such programme or performance, if such
  
  reproduction copy of sound recording is made or imported in contravention of
  
  the provisions of this Act.
  
                             
  
  
  (n) "lecture" includes address
  
  speech and sermon;                            
  
  
  (o) "literary work" includes
  
  computer programmes tables and compilations including computer data
  
  basis;                       
  
  
  (p) "musical work" means a work consisting
  
  of music and includes any graphical notation of such work but does not include
  
  any works or any action intended to be sung spoken or performed with the music;
  
                   
  
           
  (q) "performance" in relation to
  
  performer's right means any visual or acoustic presentation made live by one or
  
  more performers;
  
                         
  
  
  (qq) "performer" includes an actor
  
  singer musician dancer, acrobat juggler conjurer snake charmer a person
  
  delivering a lecture or any other person who makes a performance;
  
                
  
  
  (r) [Omitted by Copyright (Amendment) Act
  
  1994.]
  
                            
  
  
  (s) "photograph" includes
  
  photo-lithograph and any work produced by any process analogous to photography
  
  but does not include any part of a cinematograph film;   
  (t) "plate" includes any stereotype
  
  or other plate stone block mould matrix transfer negative duplicating equipment
  
  or other device used or intended to be used for printing or reproducing copies
  
  of any work and any matrix or other appliance by which sound recording for the
  
  acoustic presentation of the work are or are intended to be made;
  
                             
  
  
  (u) "prescribed" means prescribed by
  
  rules made under this Act;
  
           
  (uu) "producer" in relation to a
  
  cinematograph film or sound recording means a person who takes the initiative
  
  and responsibility for making the work;     
  (v) [Omitted by Act 23 of 1983]
  
                        
  
  
  (w) [Omitted by Act 38 of 1994]
  
                      
  (x) "reprography" means the making
  
  of copies of a work by photocopying or similar means;
  
                        
  
  
  (xx) "sound recording" means a
  
  recording of sounds from which such sounds may be produced regardless of the
  
  medium on which such recording is made or the method by which the sounds are
  
  produced;
  
                      
  
  
  (y) "work" means any of the
  
  following works namely -
  
                         
  
  
  (i) a literary
  
  dramatic musical or artistic work;
  
                
  
  
  (ii) a cinematograph
  
  film;                       
  
  
  (iii) a record;
  
           
  (z) "work of joint authorship" means
  
  a work produced by the collaboration of two or more authors in which the
  
  contribution of one author is not distinct from the contribution of the other
  
  author or authors;                  
  
           
  (za) "work of sculpture" includes casts and 
  
  models.