law: The Income-Tax Act, 1961
  54. Profit on sale of property used for residence.-
  2[(1)] 3[4[Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), where, in the case of an assessee being an individual or a Hindu undivided family], the capital gain arises from the transfer of a long-term capital asset 5***, being buildings or lands appurtenant thereto, and being a residential house, the income of which is chargeable under the head "Income from house property" (hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset), and the assessee has within a period of 6[one year before or two years after the date on which the transfer took place purchased], or has within a period of three years after that date 7[constructed, one residential house in India], then], instead of the capital gain being charged to income-tax as income of the previous year in which the transfer took place, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (i) if the amount of the capital gain 8[is greater than the cost of 9[the residential house] so purchased or constructed (hereafter in this section referred to as the new asset)], the difference between the amount of the capital gain and the cost of the new asset shall be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its purchase or construction, as the case may be, the cost shall be nil; or
  (ii) if the amount of the capital gain is equal to or less than the cost of the new asset, the capital gain shall not be charged under section 45; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its purchase or construction, as the case may be, the cost shall be reduced by the amount of the capital gain.
  1[Provided that where the amount of the capital gain does not exceed two crore rupees, the assessee, may at his option, purchase or construct two residential houses in India, and where such an option has been exercised,--
  (a) the provisions of this sub-section shall have effect as if for the words "one residential house in India", the words "two residential houses in India" had been substituted;
  (b) any reference in this sub-section and sub-section (2) to "new asset" shall be construed as a reference to the two residential houses in India:
  Provided further that where during any assessment year, the assessee has exercised the option referred to in the first proviso, he shall not be subsequently entitled to exercise the option for the same or any other assessment year.]
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  3[(2) The amount of the capital gain which is not appropriated by the assessee towards the purchase of the new asset made within one year before the date on which the transfer of the original asset took place, or which is not utilised by him for the purchase or construction of the new asset before the date of furnishing the return of income under section 139, shall be deposited by him before furnishing such return [such deposit being made in any case not later than the due date applicable in the case of the assessee for furnishing the return of income under sub-section (1) of section 139] in an account in any such bank or institution as may be specified in, and utilised in accordance with, any scheme which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame in this behalf and such return shall be accompanied by proof of such deposit; and, for the purposes of sub-section (1), the amount, if any, already utilised by the assessee for the purchase or construction of the new asset together with the amount so deposited shall be deemed to be the cost of the new asset:
  Provided that if the amount deposited under this sub-section is not utilised wholly or partly for the purchase or construction of the new asset within the period specified in sub-section (1), then,-
  (i) the amount not so utilised shall be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year in which the period of three years from the date of the transfer of the original asset expires; and
  (ii) the assessee shall be entitled to withdraw such amount in accordance with the scheme aforesaid.
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  2. Section 54 renumbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 19 of 1978, s. 10 (w.e.f. 1-4-1974).
  3. Subs. by Act 14 of 1982, s. 11, for certain words (w.e.f. 1-4-1983).
  4. Subs. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 19, for "Where, in the case of an assessee being an individual" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  5. The words and figures "to which the provisions of section 53 are not applicable" omitted by Act 32 of 1985, s. 14 (w.e.f. 1-4-1985).
  6. Subs. by Act 23 of 1986, s. 11, for "one year before or after the date on which the transfer took place purchased" (w.e.f. 1-4-1987).
  7. Subs. by Act 25 of 2014, s. 22, for "constructed, a residential house" (w.e.f. 1-4-2015).
  8. Subs. by Act 19 of 1978, s. 10, for "is greater than the cost of the new asset" (w.e.f. 1-4-1974).
  9. Subs. by Act 14 of 1982, s. 11, for "the house property" (w.e.f. 1-4-1983).
  1. Ins. by Act 7 of 2019, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-4-2020).
  2. The Explanation omitted by Act 11 of 1987, s. 19 (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  3. Subs. by s. 19, ibid., for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  4. The Explanation omitted by Act 18 of 1992, s. 27 (w.e.f. 1-4-1993).
  54A. [Relief of tax on capital gains in certain cases.]-Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971 (32 of 1971), s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1972). Earlier inserted by Act 10 of 1965, s. 17 (1-4-1965). Again inserted by Act 4 of 1988, s. 16 (w.e.f. 1-4-1988) and omitted by Act 3 of 1989, s. 95 (w.e.f. 1-4-1989).
  5[54B. Capital gain on transfer of land used for agricultural purposes not to be charged in certain cases.-
  6[(1)] 7[Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), where the capital gain arises] from the transfer of a capital asset being land which, in the two years immediately preceding the date on which the transfer took place, was being used by 1[the assessee being an individual or his parent, or a Hindu undivided family] for agricultural purposes 2[(hereinafter referred to as the original asset)], and the assessee has, within a period of two years after that date, purchased any other land for being used for agricultural purposes, then, instead of the capital gain being charged to income-tax as income of the previous year in which the transfer took place, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (i) if the amount of the capital gain is greater than the cost of the land so purchased (hereinafter referred to as the new asset), the difference between the amount of the capital gain and the cost of the new asset shall be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its purchase, the cost shall be nil; or
  (ii) if the amount of the capital gain is equal to or less than the cost of the new asset, the capital gain shall not be charged under section 45; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its purchase, the cost shall be reduced, by the amount of the capital gain.]
  3[(2) The amount of the capital gain which is not utilised by the assessee for the purchase of the new asset before the date of furnishing the return of income under section 139, shall be deposited by him before furnishing such return [such deposit being made in any case not later than the due date applicable in the case of the assessee for furnishing the return of income under sub-section (1) of section 139] in an account in any such bank or institution as may be specified in, and utilised in accordance with, any scheme which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame in this behalf and such return shall be accompanied by proof of such deposit; and, for the purposes of sub-section (1), the amount, if any, already utilised by the assessee for the purchase of the new asset together with the amount so deposited shall be deemed to be the cost of the new asset:
  Provided that if the amount deposited under this sub-section is not utilised wholly or partly for the purchase of the new asset within the period specified in sub-section (1), then,-
  (i) the amount not so utilised shall be charged under section 45as the income of the previous year in which the period of two years from the date of the transfer of the original asset expires; and
  (ii) the assessee shall be entitled to withdraw such amount in accordance with the scheme aforesaid.
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  5. Ins. by Act 19 of 1970, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1970).
  6. Section 54B renumbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 19 of 1978, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1974).
  7. Subs. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 20, for "Where the capital gain arises" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  1. Subs. by Act 23 of 2012, s. 18, for "the assessee or a parent of his" (w.e.f. 1-4-2013).
  2. Ins. by Act 19 of 1978, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1974).
  3. Subs. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 20, for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  4. The Explanation omitted by Act 18 of 1992, s. 28 (w.e.f. 1-4-1993).
  54C. [Capital gain on transfer of jewellery held for personal use not to be charged in certain cases.]- Omitted by the Finance Act, 1976 (66 of 1976) (w.e.f. 1-4-1976). Earlier inserted by Act 16 of 1972, s. 9 (w.e.f. 1-4-1973).
  1[54D. Capital gain on compulsory acquisition of lands and buildings not to be charged in certain cases.-
  2[(1)] 3[Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), where the capital gain arises] from the transfer by way of compulsory acquisition under any law of a capital asset, being land or building or any right in land or building, forming part of an industrial undertaking belonging to the assessee which, in the two years immediately preceding the date on which the transfer took place, was being used by the assessee for the purposes of the business of the said undertaking 4[(hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset)], and the assessee has within a period of three years after that date purchased any other land or building or any right in any other land or building or constructed any other building for the purposes of shifting or re-establishing the said undertaking or setting up another industrial undertaking, then, instead of the capital gain being charged to income-tax as the income of the previous year in which the transfer took place, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (i) if the amount of the capital gain is greater than the cost of the land, building or right so purchased or the building so constructed (such land, building or right being hereafter in this section referred to as the new asset), the difference between the amount of the capital gain and the cost of the new asset shall be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its purchase or construction, as the case may be, the cost shall be nil; or
  (ii) if the amount of the capital gain is equal to or less than the cost of the new asset, the capital gain shall not be charged under section 45; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its purchase or construction, as the case may be, the cost shall be reduced by the amount of the capital gain.]
  5[(2) The amount of the capital gain which is not utilised by the assessee for the purchase or construction of the new asset before the date of furnishing the return of income under section 139,shall be deposited by him before furnishing such return [such deposit being made in any case not later than the due date applicable in the case of the assessee for furnishing the return of income under sub-section (1) of section 139] in an account in any such bank or institution as may be specified in, and utilised in accordance with, any scheme which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame in this behalf and such return shall be accompanied by proof of such deposit; and, for the purposes of sub-section (1), the amount, if any, already utilised by the assessee for the purchase or construction of the new asset together with the amount so deposited shall be deemed to be the cost of the new asset: Provided that if the amount deposited under this sub-section is not utilised wholly or partly for the purchase or construction of the new asset within the period specified in sub-section (1), then,-
  (i) the amount not so utilised shall be charged under section 45as the income of the previous year in which the period of three years from the date of the transfer of the original asset expires; and
  (ii) the assessee shall be entitled to withdraw such amount in accordance with the scheme aforesaid.
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  1. Ins. by Act 21 of 1973, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-4-1974).
  2. Section 54D numbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 19 of 1978, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-4-1974).
  3. Subs. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 21, for "Where the capital gain arises" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  4 Ins. by Act 19 of 1978, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-4-1974).
  5. Subs. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 21, for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  6. The Explanation omitted by Act 18 of 1992, s. 29 (w.e.f. 1-4-1993).
  1[54E. Capital gain on transfer of capital not to be assets charged in certain cases.-
  (1) Where the capital gain arises from the transfer of a 2[long-term capital asset] 3[before the 1st day of April, 1992], (the capital asset so transferred being hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset) and the assessee has, within a period of six months after the date of such transfer, invested or deposited the 4[whole or any part of the net consideration] in any specified asset (such specified asset being hereafter in this section referred to as the new asset), the capital gain shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (a) if the cost of the new asset is not less than the 5[net consideration] in respect of the original asset, the whole of such capital gain shall not be charged under section 45;
  (b) if the cost of the new asset is less than the 5[net consideration] in respect of the original asset, so much of the capital gain as bears to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of acquisition of the new asset bears to the 6[net consideration] shall not be charged under section 45:
  7[Provided that in a case where the original asset is transferred after the 28th day of February, 1983, the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply unless the assessee has invested or deposited the whole or, as the case may be, any part of the net consideration in the new asset by initially subscribing to such new asset:]
  8[Provided further that in a case where the transfer of the original asset is by way of compulsory acquisition under any law and the full amount of compensation awarded for such acquisition is not received by the assessee on the date of such transfer, the period of six months referred to in this sub-section shall, in relation to so much of such compensation as is not received on the date of the transfer, be reckoned from the date immediately following the date on which such compensation is received by the assessee 9[or the 31st day of March, 1992, whichever is earlier].]
  Explanation 1.-10[For the purposes of this sub-section, "specified asset" means,-
  (a) in a case where the original asset is transferred before the 1st day of March, 1979, any of the following assets, namely:-]
  (i) securities of the Central Government or a State Government;
  (ii) savings certificates as defined in clause (c) of section 2 of the Government Savings Certificates Act, 1959 (46 of 1959);
  (iii) units in the Unit Trust of India established under the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963);
  (iv) debentures specified by the Central Government for the purposes of clause (ii) of sub-section (1) of section 80L;
  (v) shares in any Indian company which are issued to the public or are listed in a recognised stock exchange in India in accordance with the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956), and any rules made thereunder, where the investment in such shares is made before the 1st day of March, 1978;
  1[(va) equity shares forming part of any eligible issue of capital, where the investment in such shares is made after the 28th day of February, 1978;]
  (vi) deposits for a period of not less than three years with the State Bank of India established under the State Bank of India Act, 1955 (23 of 1955), or any subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959) or any nationalised bank, that is to say, any corresponding new bank, constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970), or any co-operative society engaged in carrying on the business of banking (including a co-operative land mortgage bank or a co-operative land development bank);
  2[(b) in a case where the original asset is transferred after the 28th day of February, 1979 3[but before the 1st day of March, 1983], such National Rural Development Bonds as the Central Government may notify in this behalf in the Official Gazette;]
  3[(c) in a case where the original asset is transferred after the 28th day of February, 1983 4[but before the 1st day of April, 1986], any of the following assets, namely:-
  (i) securities of the Central Government which that Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf;
  (ii) special series of units of the Unit Trust of India established under the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963), which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf;
  (iii) such National Rural Development Bonds as have been notified under clause (b) of Explanation 1 or as may be notified in this behalf under this clause by the Central Government;
  (iv) such debentures issued by the Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited [a Government company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)], as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf;]
  4[(d) in a case where the original asset is transferred after the 31st day of March, 1986, any of the assets specified in clause (c) and such bonds issued by any public sector company, as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf;]
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  2[(e) in a case where the original asset is transferred after the 31st day of March, 1989, any of the assets specified in clauses (c) and (d) and such debentures or bonds issued by the National Housing Bank established under section 3 of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987 (53 of 1987), as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.]
  3[Explanation 2.-"Eligible issue of capital" shall have the meaning assigned to it in sub-section (3) of section 80CC.
  Explanation 3.-An assessee shall not be deemed to have invested 4[the whole or any part of the net consideration in any equity shares referred to in sub-clause (va) of clause (a)] of Explanation 1, unless the assessee has subscribed to or purchased the shares in the manner specified in sub-section (4) of section 80CC. ]
  5[Explanation 4].-"Cost", in relation to any new asset, being a deposit referred to in 6[sub-clause (vi) of clause (a)] of Explanation 1, means the amount of such deposit.
  7[Explanation 5.-"Net consideration", in relation to the transfer of a capital asset, means the full value of the consideration received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the capital asset as reduced by any expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with such transfer.]
  8[(1A) Where the assessee deposits after the 27th day of April, 1978, the 9[whole or any part of the net consideration in respect] of the original asset in any new asset, being a deposit 10[referred to in sub-clause (vi) of clause (a)] of Explanation 1 below sub-section (1), the cost of such new asset shall not be taken into account for the purposes of that sub-section unless the following conditions are fulfilled, namely:-
  (a) the assessee furnishes, along with the deposit, a declaration in writing, to the bank or the co-operative society referred to in the 11[said sub-clause (vi)] with which such deposit is made, to the effect that the assessee will not take any loan or advance on the security of such deposit during a period of three years from the date on which the deposit is made;
  (b) the assessee furnishes, along with the return of income for the assessment year relevant to the previous year in which the transfer of the original asset was effected or within such further time as may be allowed by the 12[Assessing Officer], a copy of the declaration referred to in clause (a) duly attested by an officer not below the rank of sub-agent, agent or manager of such bank or an officer of corresponding rank of such co-operative society.
  (1B) Where on the fulfilment of the conditions specified in sub-section (1A), the cost of the new asset referred to in that sub-section is taken into account for the purposes of sub-section (1), the assessee shall, within a period of ninety days from the expiry of the period of three years reckoned from the date of such deposit, furnish to the 1[Assessing Officer] a certificate from the officer referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1A) to the effect that the assessee has not taken any loan or advance on the security of such deposit during the said period of three years.]
  2[(1C) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where the capital gain arises from the transfer of the original asset, made after the 31st day of March, 1992, in respect of which the assessee had received any amount by way of advance on or before the 29th day of February, 1992 and had invested or deposited the whole or any part of such amount in the new asset on or before the later date, then, the provisions of clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (1) shall apply in the case of such investment or deposit as they apply in the case of investment or deposit under that sub-section.]
  (2) Where the new asset is transferred, or converted (otherwise than by transfer) into money, within a period of three years from the date of its acquisition, the amount of capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of such new asset as provided in clause (a) or, as the case may be, clause (b), of sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be income chargeable under the head "Capital gains" relating to 3[long-term capital assets] of the previous year in which the new asset is transferred or converted (otherwise than by transfer) into money.]
  4[5[Explanation1].-Where the assessee deposits after the 27th day of April, 1978, the 6[whole or any part of the net consideration in respect] of the original asset in any new asset, being a deposit referred to in 7[sub-clause (vi) of clause (a)] of Explanation 1 below sub-section (1), and such assessee takes any loan or advance on the security of such deposit, he shall be deemed to have converted (otherwise than by transfer) such deposit into money on the date on which such loan or advance is taken.]
  8[Explanation 2.-In a case where the original asset is transferred after the 28th day of February, 1983 and the assessee invests the whole or any part of the net consideration in respect of the original asset in any new asset and such assessee takes any loan or advance on the security of such new asset, he shall be deemed to have converted (otherwise than by transfer) such new asset on the date on which such loan or advance is taken.]
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  10[(3)] Where the cost of the equity shares referred to in 11[sub-clause (va) of clause (a)] of Explanation 1 below sub-section (1) is taken into account for the purposes of clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1) 12***, a deduction with reference to such cost shall not be allowed under section 80CC.
  1. Ins. by Act 29 of 1977, s. 13 (w.e.f. 1-4-1978).
  2. Subs. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 22, for "capital asset, not being a short-term capital asset" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  3. Ins. by Act 18 of 1992, s. 30 (w.e.f. 1-4-1992).
  4. Subs. by Act 21 of 1979, s. 8, for "full value of the consideration or any part thereof received or accruing as a result of such transfer" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  5. Subs. by s. 8, ibid., for "full value of consideration received or accruing" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  6. Subs. by s. 8, ibid., for "full value of such consideration" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  7. Ins. by Act 11 of 1983, s. 20 (w.e.f. 1-4-1983).
  8. Ins. by Act 67 of 1984, s. 16 (w.e.f. 1-4-1984).
  9. Ins. by Act 18 of 1992, s. 30 (w.e.f. 1-4-1992).
  10. Subs. by Act 21 of 1979, s. 8, for 'For the purposes of this sub-section and sub-section (3), "specified asset" means any of the following assets, namely:-'(w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  1. Ins. by Act 19 of 1978, s. 13 (w.e.f. 1-4-1978).
  2. Ins. by Act 21 of 1979, s. 8 (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  3. Ins. by Act 11 of 1983, s. 20 (w.e.f. 1-4-1983).
  4. Ins. by Act 23 of 1986, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-4-1987).
  1. The Explanation omitted by Act 11 of 1987, s. 74 (w.e.f. 1-4-1987).
  2. Ins. by Act 13 of 1989, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-4-1990).
  3. Ins. by Act 19 of 1978, s. 13 (w.e.f. 1-4-1978).
  4. Subs. by Act 21 of 1979, s. 8, for "the full value of the consideration or any part thereof in any equity shares referred to in clause (va)" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  5. Explanation 2 renumbered as Explanation 4 by Act 19 of 1978, s. 13 (w.e.f. 1-4-1978).
  6. Subs. by Act 21 of 1979, s. 8, for "clause (vi)" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  7. Ins. by s. 8, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  8. Ins. by Act 19 of 1978, s. 13 (w.e.f. 1-4-1978).
  9. Subs. by Act 21 of 1979, s. 8, for "full value of the consideration or any part thereof received or accruing as a result of the transfer" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  10. Subs. by s. 8, ibid., for "referred to in clause (vi)" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  11. Subs. by s. 8, ibid., for "said clause (vi)" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  12. Subs. by Act 4 of 1988, s. 2, "Income-tax Officer" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  1. Subs. by Act 4 of 1988, s. 2, for "Income-tax Officer" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  2. Ins. by Act 18 of 1992, s. 30 (w.e.f. 1-4-1992).
  3. Subs. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 22, for "capital assets other than short-term capital assets" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  4. Ins. by Act 19 of 1978, s. 13 (w.e.f. 1-4-1978).
  5. The Explanation numbered as Explanation 1 by Act 11 of 1983, s. 20 (w.e.f. 1-4-1983).
  6. Subs. by Act 21 of 1979, s. 8, for "full value of the consideration or any part thereof received or accruing as a result of the transfer" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  7. Subs. by s. 8, ibid., for "clause (vi)" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  8. Ins. by Act 11 of 1983, s. 20 (w.e.f. 1-4-1983).
  9. Sub-sections (3), (4) and (5) omitted by Act 11 of 1987, s. 22 (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  10. Sub-section (6) renumbered as sub-section (3) by s. 22, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  11. Subs. by Act 21 of 1979, s. 8, for "clause (va)" (w.e.f. 1-4-1979).
  12. The words, brackets, letters and figure "or clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (3)" omitted by Act 11 of 1987, s. 22 (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  1[54EA. Capital gain on transfer of long-term capital assets not to be charged in the case of investment in 2[specified securities].-
  (1) Where the capital gain arises from the transfer of a long-term capital asset 3[before the 1st day of April, 2000] (the capital asset so transferred being hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset) and the assessee has, at any time within a period of six months after the date of such transfer, invested the whole or any part of the net consideration in any of the 4[bonds, debentures, shares of a public company or units of any mutual fund referred to in clause (23D) of section 10,]specified by the Board in this behalf by notification in the Official Gazette (such assets hereafter in this section referred to as the 2[specified securities]), the capital gain shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (a) if the cost of the 2[specified securities] is not less than the net consideration in respect of the original asset, the whole of such capital gain shall not be charged under section 45;
  (b) if the cost of the 2[specified securities] is less than the net consideration in respect of the original asset, so much of the capital gain as bears to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of acquisition of the 2[specified securities] bears to the net consideration shall not be charged under section 45.
  (2) Where the 2[specified securities] are transferred or converted (otherwise than by transfer) into money at any time within a period of three years from the date of their acquisition, the amount of capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of such 2[specified securities] as provided in clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be the income chargeable under the head "Capital gains" relating to long-term capital assets of the previous year in which the 2[specified securities] are transferred or converted (otherwise than by transfer) into money.
  Explanation.-In a case where the original asset is transferred and the assessee invests the whole or any part of the net consideration in respect of the original asset in any 2[specified securities] and such assessee takes any loan or advance on the security of such 2[specified securities], he shall be deemed to have converted (otherwise than by transfer) such 2[specified securities] into money on the date on which such loan or advance is taken.
  (3) Where the cost of the 2[specified securities] has been taken into account for the purposes of clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1), a rebate with reference to such cost shall not be allowed under section 88.
  Explanation.-For the purposes of this section,-
  (a) "cost", in relation to any 2[specified securities], means the amount invested in such 2[specified securities] out of the net consideration received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the original asset;
  (b) "net consideration", in relation to the transfer of a capital asset, means the full value of the consideration received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the capital asset as reduced by the expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with such transfer.]
  1. Ins. by Act 33 of 1996, s. 20 (w.e.f. 1-10-1996).
  2. Subs. by Act 14 of 1997, s. 2, for "specified bonds or debentures" (w.e.f. 1-10-1996).
  3. Ins. by Act 10 of 2000, s. 25 (w.e.f. 1-4-2001).
  4. Subs. by Act 14 of 1997, s. 2, for "bonds, debentures or units of any mutual fund referred to in clause (23D) of section 10" (w.e.f. 1-10-1996).
  54EB. Capital gain on transfer of long-term capital assets not to be charged in certain cases.-
  (1) Where the capital gain arises from the transfer of a long-term capital asset 1[before the 1st day of April, 2000] (the capital asset so transferred being hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset), and the assessee has, at any time within a period of six months after the date of such transfer invested the whole or any part of capital gains, in any of the assets specified by the Board in this behalf by notification in the Official Gazette (such assets hereafter in this section referred to as the long-term specified assets), the capital gain shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (a) if the cost of the long-term specified asset is not less than the capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset, the whole of such capital gain shall not be charged under section 45;
  (b) if the cost of the long-term specified asset is less than the capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset, so much of the capital gain as bears to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of acquisition of the long-term specified asset bears to the whole of the capital gain, shall not be charged under section 45.
  Explanation.-"Cost", in relation to any long-term specified asset, means the amount invested in such specified asset out of capital gains received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the original asset.
  (2) Where the long-term specified asset is transferred or converted (otherwise than by transfer) into money at any time within a period of seven years from the date of its acquisition, the amount of capital gains arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of such long-term specified asset as provided in clause (a), or as the case may be, clause (b) of sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be the income chargeable under the head "Capital gains" relating to long-term capital assets of the previous year in which the long-term specified asset is transferred or converted (otherwise than by transfer) into money.
  Explanation.-In a case where the original asset is transferred and the assessee invests the whole or any part of the capital gain received or accrued as a result of transfer of the original asset in any long-term specified asset and such assessee takes any loan or advance on the security of such specified asset, he shall be deemed to have converted (otherwise than by transfer) such specified asset into money on the date on which such loan or advance is taken.
  (3) Where the cost of the long-term specified asset has been taken into account for the purposes of clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1), a deduction from the amount of income-tax with reference to such cost shall not be allowed under section 88.]
  1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2000, s. 26 (w.e.f. 1-4-2001).
  2[54EC. Capital gain not to be charged on investment in certain bonds.-
  (1) Where the capital gain arises from the transfer of a long-term capital asset 3[, being land or building or both,] (the capital asset so transferred being hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset) and the assessee has, at any time within a period of six months after the date of such transfer, invested the whole or any part of capital gains in the long-term specified asset, the capital gain shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (a) if the cost of the long-term specified asset is not less than the capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset, the whole of such capital gain shall not be charged under section 45;
  (b) if the cost of the long-term specified asset is less than the capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset, so much of the capital gain as bears to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of acquisition of the long-term specified asset bears to the whole of the capital gain, shall not be charged under section 45:
  1[Provided that the investment made on or after the 1st day of April, 2007 in the long-term specified asset by an assessee during any financial year does not exceed fifty lakh rupees:]
  2[Provided further that the investment made by an assessee in the long-term specified asset, from capital gains arising from transfer of one or more original assets, during the financial year in which the original asset or assets are transferred and in the subsequent financial year does not exceed fifty lakh rupees.]
  (2) Where the long-term specified asset is transferred or converted (otherwise than by transfer) into money at any time within a period of three years from the date of its acquisition, the amount of capital gains arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of such long-term specified asset as provided in clause (a) or, as the case may be, clause (b) of sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be the income chargeable under the head "Capital gains" relating to long-term capital asset of the previous year in which the long-term specified asset is transferred or converted (otherwise than by transfer) into money.
  3[Provided that in case of long-term specified asset referred to in subclause (ii) of clause (ba) of the Explanation occurring after sub-section (3), this sub-section shall have effect as if for the words "three years", the words "five years" had been substituted.]
  Explanation.-In a case where the original asset is transferred and the assessee invests the whole or any part of the capital gain received or accrued as a result of transfer of the original asset in any long-term specified asset and such assessee takes any loan or advance on the security of such specified asset, he shall be deemed to have converted (otherwise than by transfer) such specified asset into money on the date on which such loan or advance is taken.
  4[(3) Where the cost of the long-term specified asset has been taken into account for the purposes of clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1),-
  (a) a deduction from the amount of income-tax with reference to such cost shall not be allowed under section 88 for any assessment year ending before the 1st day of April, 2006;
  (b) a deduction from the income with reference to such cost shall not be allowed under section 80C for any assessment year beginning on or after the 1st day of April, 2006.]
  Explanation.-For the purposes of this section,-
  (a) "cost", in relation to any long-term specified asset, means the amount invested in such specified asset out of capital gains received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the original asset;
  5[(b) "long-term specified asset" for making any investment under this section during the period commencing from the 1st day of April, 2006 and ending with the 31st day of March, 2007, means any bond, redeemable after three years and issued on or after the 1st day of April, 2006, but on or before the 31st day of March, 2007,-
  (i) by the National Highways Authority of India constituted under section 3 of the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988 (68 of 1988); or
  (ii) by the Rural Electrification Corporation Limited, a company formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), and notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette for the purposes of this section with such conditions (including the condition for providing a limit on the amount of investment by an assessee in such bond) as it thinks fit:]
  1[Provided that where any bond has been notified before the 1st day of April, 2007, subject to the conditions specified in the notification, by the Central Government in the Official Gazette under the provisions of clause (b) as they stood immediately before their amendment by the Finance Act, 2007 (22 of 2007), such bond shall be deemed to be a bond notified under this clause;]
  2[(ba) "long-term specified asset" for making any investment under this section,--
  (i) on or after the 1st day of April, 2007 but before the 1st day of April, 2018, means any bond, redeemable after three years and issued on or after the 1st day of April, 2007 but before the 1st day of April, 2018;
  (ii) on or after the 1st day of April, 2018, means any bond, redeemable after five years and issued on or after the 1st day of April, 2018, by the National Highways Authority of India constituted under section 3 of the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988 or by the Rural Electrification Corporation Limited, a company formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956 or any other bond notified in the Official Gazette by the Central Government in this behalf.]
  2. Ins. by s. 27, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-2001).
  3. Ins. by Act 13 of 2018, s. 21 (w.e.f. 1-4-2019).
  1. Ins. by Act 22 of 2007, s. 18 (w.e.f. 1-4-2007).
  2. Ins. by Act 25 of 2014, s. 23 (w.e.f. 1-4-2015).
  3. Ins. by Act 13 of 2018, s. 21 (w.e.f. 1-4-2019).
  4. Ins. by Act 18 of 2005, s. 17 (w.e.f. 1-4-2006).
  5. Subs. by Act 22 of 2007, s. 18, for clause (b) (w.e.f. 1-4-2006).
  1. Ins. by Act 22 of 2007, s. 18 (w.e.f. 1-4-2006).
  2. Subs. by Act 13 of 2018, s. 21, for clause (ba) (w.e.f. 1-4-2019) which was earlier inserted by Act 22 of 2007, s. 18 (w.e.f. 1-4-2006) and later amended by Act 7 of 2017, s. 27 (w.e.f. 1-4-2018).
  3[54ED. Capital gain on transfer of certain listed securities or unit not to be charged in certain cases.-
  (1) Where the capital gain arises 4[from the transfer before the 1st day of April, 2006, of a longterm capital asset,] being listed securities or unit (the capital asset so transferred being hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset), and the assessee has, within a period of six months after the date of such transfer, invested the whole or any part of the capital gain in acquiring equity shares forming part of an eligible issue of capital (such equity shares being hereafter in this section referred to as the specified equity shares), the said capital gain shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (a) if the cost of the specified equity shares is not less than the capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset, the whole of such capital gain shall not be charged under section 45;
  (b) if the cost of the specified equity shares is less than the capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset, so much of the capital gain as bears to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of the specified equity shares acquired bears to the whole of the capital gain shall not be charged under section 45.
  Explanation.-For the purposes of this sub-section,-
  (i) "eligible issue of capital" means an issue of equity shares which satisfies the following conditions, namely:-
  (a) the issue is made by a public company formed and registered in India;
  (b) the shares forming part of the issue are offered for subscription to the public;
  (ii) "listed securities" shall have the same meaning as in clause (a) of the Explanation to sub-section (1) of section 112;
  (iii) "unit" shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (b) of the Explanation to section 115AB.
  (2) Where the specified equity shares are sold or otherwise transferred within a period of one year from the date of their acquisition, the amount of capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of such specified equity shares as provided in clause (a) or, as the case may be, clause (b), of sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be the income chargeable under the head "Capital gains" relating to long-term capital assets of the previous year in which such equity shares are sold or otherwise transferred.
  1[(3) Where the cost of the specified equity shares has been taken into account for the purposes of clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1),-
  (a) a deduction from the amount of income-tax with reference to such cost shall not be allowed under section 88 for any assessment year ending before the 1st day of April, 2006;
  (b) a deduction from the income with reference to such cost shall not be allowed under section 80C for any assessment year beginning on or after the 1st day of April, 2006.]]
  3. Ins. by Act 14 of 2001, s. 32 (w.e.f. 1-4-2002).
  4. Subs. by Act 21 of 2006, s. 14, for "from the transfer of a long-term capital asset" (w.e.f. 1-4-2007).
  1. Ins. by Act 18 of 2005, s. 18 (w.e.f. 1-4-2006).
  2[54EE. Capital gain not to be charged on investment in units of a specified fund.-
  (1) Where the capital gain arises from the transfer of a long-term capital asset (herein in this section referred to as the original asset) and the assessee has, at any time within a period of six months after the date of such transfer, invested the whole or any part of capital gains in the long-term specified asset, the capital gain shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, namely:-
  (a) if the cost of the long-term specified asset is not less than the capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset, the whole of such capital gain shall not be charged under section 45;
  (b) if the cost of the long-term specified asset is less than the capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset, so much of the capital gain as bears to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of acquisition of the long-term specified asset bears to the whole of the capital gain, shall not be charged under section 45:
  Provided that the investment made on or after the 1st day of April, 2016, in the long-term specified asset by an assessee during any financial year does not exceed fifty lakh rupees:
  Provided further that the investment made by an assessee in the long-term specified asset, from capital gains arising from the transfer of one or more original assets, during the financial year in which the original asset or assets are transferred and in the subsequent financial year does not exceed fifty lakh rupees.
  (2) Where the long-term specified asset is transferred by the assessee at any time within a period of three years from the date of its acquisition, the amount of capital gains arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of such long-term specified asset as provided in clause (a) or, as the case may be, clause (b) of sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be the income chargeable under the head "Capital gains" relating to long-term capital asset of the previous year in which the long-term specified asset is transferred.
  Explanation 1.-In a case where the original asset is transferred and the assessee invests the whole or any part of the capital gain received or accrued as a result of transfer of the original asset in any long-term specified asset and such assessee takes any loan or advance on the security of such specified asset, he shall be deemed to have transferred such specified asset on the date on which such loan or advance is taken.
  Explanation 2.-For the purposes of this section,-
  (a) "cost", in relation to any long -term specified asset, means the amount invested in such specified asset out of capital gains received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the original asset;
  (b) "long-term specified asset" means a unit or units, issued before the 1st day of April, 2019, of such fund as may be notified by the Central Government in this behalf.]
  2. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 32 (w.e.f 1-4-2017).
  1[54F. Capital gain on transfer of certain capital assets not to be charged in case of investment in residential house.-
  (1) 2[Subject to the provisions of sub-section (4), where, in the case of an assessee being an individual or a Hindu undivided family, the capital gain arises from the transfer of any long-term capital asset, not being a residential house (hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset), and the assessee has, within a period of one year before or 3[two years] after the date on which the transfer took place purchased, or has within a period of three years after that date 4[constructed, one residential house in India] (hereafter in this section referred to as the new asset), the capital gain shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (a) if the cost of the new asset is not less than the net consideration in respect of the original asset, the whole of such capital gain shall not be charged under section 45;
  (b) if the cost of the new asset is less than the net consideration in respect of the original asset, so much of the capital gain as bears to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of the new asset bears to the net consideration, shall not be charged under section 45:
  5[Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall apply where-
  (a) theassessee,-
  (i) owns more than one residential house, other than the new asset, on the date of transfer of the original asset; or
  (ii) purchases any residential house, other than the new asset, within a period of one year after the date of transfer of the original asset; or
  (iii) constructs any residential house, other than the new asset, within a period of three years after the date of transfer of the original asset; and
  (b) the income from such residential house, other than the one residential house owned on the date of transfer of the original asset, is chargeable under the head "Income from house property".]
  Explanation.-For the purposes of this section,-
  *
  *
  *
  *
  1*** "net consideration", in relation to the transfer of a capital asset, means the full value of the consideration received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the capital asset as reduced by any expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with such transfer.
  (2) Where the assessee purchases, within the period of 2[two years] after the date of the transfer of the original asset, or constructs, within the period of three years after such date, any residential house, the income from which is chargeable under the head "Income from house property", other than the new asset, the amount of capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of such new asset as provided in clause (a), or, as the case may be, clause (b), of subsection (1), shall be deemed to be income chargeable under the head "Capital gains" relating to long-term capital assets of the previous year in which such residential house is purchased or constructed.
  (3) Where the new asset is transferred within a period of three years from the date of its purchase or, as the case may be, its construction, the amount of capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of such new asset as provided in clause (a) or, as the case may be, clause (b), of sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be income chargeable under the head "Capital gains" relating to long-term capital assets of the previous year in which such new asset is transferred.]
  3[(4) The amount of the net consideration which is not appropriated by the assessee towards the purchase of the new asset made within one year before the date on which the transfer of the original asset took place, or which is not utilised by him for the purchase or construction of the new asset before the date of furnishing the return of income under section 139, shall be deposited by him before furnishing such return [such deposit being made in any case not later than the due date applicable in the case of the assessee for furnishing the return of income under sub-section (1) of section 139] in an account in any such bank or institution as may be specified in, and utilised in accordance with, any schemewhich the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame in this behalf and such return shall be accompanied by proof of such deposit; and, for the purposes of sub-section (1), the amount, if any, already utilised by the assessee for the purchase or construction of the new asset together with the amount so deposited shall be deemed to be the cost of the new asset:
  Provided that if the amount deposited under this sub-section is not utilised wholly or partly for the purchase or construction of the new asset within the period specified in sub-section (1), then,-
  (i) the amount by which-
  (a) the amount of capital gain arising from the transfer of the original asset not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of the new asset as provided in clause (a) or, as the case may be, clause (b) of sub-section (1), exceeds
  (b) the amount that would not have been so charged had the amount actually utilised by the assessee for the purchase or construction of the new asset within the period specified in sub-section (1) been the cost of the new asset, shall be charged under section 45 as income of the previous year in which the period of three years from the date of the transfer of the original asset expires; and
  (ii) the assessee shall be entitled to withdraw the unutilised amount in accordance with the scheme aforesaid.
  *
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  *
  *]
  1. Ins. by Act 14 of 1982, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-4-1983).
  2. Subs. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 23, for "Where, in the case of an assesse being an individual" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  3. Ins. by s. 23, ibid. (w.e.f 1-4-1988).
  4. Subs. by Act 25 of 2014, s. 24, for "constructed, a residential house" (w.e.f. 1-4-2015).
  5. Subs. by Act 10 of 2000, s. 28, for the proviso (w.e.f 1-4-2001).
  6. Clause (i) omitted by Act 11 of 1987, s. 23 (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  1. The bracket and figure "(ii)" omitted byAct 11 of 1987, s. 23 (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  2. Subs. by s. 23, ibid., for "one year" (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  3. Ins. by s. 23, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  1. The Explanation omitted by 18 of 1992, s. 31 (w.e.f. 1-4-1993).
  2[54G. Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area.-
  (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), where the capital gain arises from the transfer of a capital asset, being machinery or plant or building or land or any rights in building or land used for the purposes of the business of an industrial undertaking situate in an urban area, effected in the course of, or in consequence of, the shifting of such industrial undertaking (hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset) to any area (other than an urban area) and the assessee has within a period of one year before or three years after the date on which the transfer took place,-
  (a) purchased new machinery or plant for the purposes of business of the industrial undertaking in the area to which the said undertaking is shifted;
  (b) acquired building or land or constructed building for the purposes of his business in the said area;
  (c) shifted the original asset and transferred the establishment of such undertaking to such area; and
  (d) incurred expenses on such other purpose as may be specified in a scheme framed by the Central Government for the purposes of this section, then, instead of the capital gain being charged to income-tax as income of the previous year in which the transfer took place, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (i) if the amount of the capital gain is greater than the cost and expenses incurred in relation to all or any of the purposes mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) (such cost and expenses being hereafter in this section referred to as the new asset), the difference between the amount of the capital gain and the cost of the new asset shall be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year ; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its being purchased, acquired, constructed or transferred, as the case may be, the cost shall be nil ; or
  (ii) if the amount of the capital gain is equal to, or less than, the cost of the new asset, the capital gain shall not be charged under section 45; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its being purchased, acquired, constructed or transferred, as the case may be, the cost shall be reduced by the amount of the capital gain.
  Explanation.-In this sub-section, "urban area" means any such area within the limits of a municipal corporation or municipality as the Central Government may, having regard to the population, concentration of industries, need for proper planning of the area and other relevant factors, by general or special order, declare to be an urban area for the purposes of this sub-section.
  (2) The amount of capital gain which is not appropriated by the assessee towards the cost and expenses incurred in relation to all or any of the purposes mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) of sub-section (1) within one year before the date on which the transfer of the original asset took place, or which is not utilised by him for all or any of the purposes aforesaid before the date of furnishing the return of income under section 139, shall be deposited by him before furnishing such return [such deposit being made in any case not later than the due date applicable in the case of the assessee for furnishing the return of income under sub-section (1) of section 139] in an account in any such bank or institution as may be specified in, and utilised in accordance with, any scheme which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame in this behalf and such return shall be accompanied by proof of such deposit ; and, for the purposes of sub-section (1), the amount, if any, already utilised by the assessee for all or any of the purposes aforesaid together with the amount, so deposited shall be deemed to be the cost of the new asset:
  Provided that if the amount deposited under this sub-section is not utilised wholly or partly for all or any of the purposes mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) of sub-section (1) within the period specified in that sub-section, then,-
  (i) the amount not so utilised shall be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year in which the period of three years from the date of the transfer of the original asset expires; and
  (ii) theassessee shall be entitled to withdraw such amount in accordance with the scheme aforesaid.
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  *
  *
  2. Ins. by Act 11 of 1987, s. 24 (w.e.f. 1-4-1988).
  1. The Explanation omitted by Act 18 of 1992, s. 32 (w.e.f. 1-4-1993).
  2[54GA. Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area to any Special Economic Zone.-
  (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 54G, where the capital gain arises from the transfer of a capital asset, being machinery or plant or building or land or any rights in building or land used for the purposes of the business of an industrial undertaking situate in an urban area, effected in the course of, or in consequence of the shifting of such industrial undertaking to any Special Economic Zone, whether developed in any urban area or any other area and the assessee has within a period of one year before or three years after the date on which the transfer took place,-
  (a) purchased machinery or plant for the purposes of business of the industrial undertaking in the Special Economic Zone to which the said undertaking is shifted;
  (b) acquired building or land or constructed building for the purposes of his business in the Special Economic Zone;
  (c) shifted the original asset and transferred the establishment of such undertaking to the Special Economic Zone; and
  (d) incurred expenses on such other purposes as may be specified in a scheme framed by the Central Government for the purposes of this section, then, instead of the capital gain being charged to income-tax as income of the previous year in which the transfer took place, it shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (i) if the amount of the capital gain is greater than the cost and expenses incurred in relation to all or any of the purposes mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) (such cost and expenses being hereafter in this section referred to as the new asset), the difference between the amount of the capital gain and the cost of the new asset shall be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year; and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its being purchased, acquired, constructed or transferred, as the case may be, the cost shall be Nil; or
  (ii) if the amount of the capital gain is equal to, or less than, the cost of the new asset, the capital gain shall not be charged under section 45, and for the purpose of computing in respect of the new asset any capital gain arising from its transfer within a period of three years of its being purchased, acquired, constructed or transferred, as the case may be, the cost shall be reduced by the amount of the capital gain.
  Explanation.-In this sub-section,-
  (a) "Special Economic Zone" shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (za) of the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005;
  (b) "urban area" means any such area within the limits of a municipal corporation or municipality as the Central Government may, having regard to the population, concentration of industries, need for proper planning of the area and other relevant factors, by general or special order, declare to be an urban area for the purposes of this sub-section.
  (2) The amount of capital gain which is not appropriated by the assessee towards the cost and expenses incurred in relation to all or any of the purposes mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) of sub-section (1) within one year before the date on which the transfer of the original asset took place, or which is not utilised by him for all or any of the purposes aforesaid before the date of furnishing the return of income under section 139, shall be deposited by him before furnishing such return [such deposit being made in any case not later than the due date applicable in the case of the assessee for furnishing the return of income under sub-section (1) of section 139] in an account in any such bank or institution as may be specified in, and utilised in accordance with, any scheme which the Central Government may, by notification, frame in this behalf and such return shall be accompanied by proof of such deposit; and, for the purposes of sub-section (1), the amount, if any, already utilised by the assessee for all or any of the aforesaid purposes together with the amount so deposited shall be deemed to be the cost of the new asset:
  Provided that if the amount deposited under this sub-section is not utilised wholly or partly for all or any of the purposes mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) of sub-section (1) within the period specified in that sub-section, then,-
  (i) the amount not so utilised shall be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year in which the period of three years from the date of the transfer of the original asset expires; and
  (ii) the assessee shall be entitled to withdraw such amount in accordance with the scheme aforesaid.]
  2. Ins. by Act 28 of 2005, s. 27 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 10-2-2006).
  1[54GB. Capital gain on transfer of residential property not to be charged in certain cases.-
  (1) Where,-
  (i) the capital gain arises from the transfer of a long-term capital asset, being a residential property (a house or a plot of land), owned by the eligible assessee (herein referred to as the assessee); and
  (ii) the assessee, before the due date of furnishing of return of income under sub-section (1) of section 139, utilises the net consideration for subscription in the equity shares of an eligible company (herein referred to as the company); and
  (iii) the company has, within one year from the date of subscription in equity shares by the assessee, utilised this amount for purchase of new asset, then, instead of the capital gain being charged to income-tax as the income of the previous year in which the transfer takes place, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,-
  (a) if the amount of the net consideration is greater than the cost of the new asset, then, so much of the capital gain as it bears to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of the new asset bears to the net consideration, shall not be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year; or
  (b) if the amount of the net consideration is equal to or less than the cost of the new asset, the capital gain shall not be charged under section 45 as the income of the previous year.
  (2) The amount of the net consideration, which has been received by the company for issue of shares to the assessee, to the extent it is not utilised by the company for the purchase of the new asset before the due date of furnishing of the return of income by the assessee under section 139, shall be deposited by the company, before the said due date in an account in any such bank or institution as may be specified and shall be utilised in accordance with any scheme which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame in this behalf and the return furnished by the assessee shall be accompanied by proof of such deposit having been made.
  (3) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the amount, if any, already utilised by the company for the purchase of the new asset together with the amount deposited under sub-section (2) shall be deemed to be the cost of the new asset: Provided that if the amount so deposited is not utilised, wholly or partly, for the purchase of the new asset within the period specified in sub-section (1), then,-
  (i) the amount by which-
  (a) the amount of capital gain arising from the transfer of the residential property not charged under section 45 on the basis of the cost of the new asset as provided in sub-section (1), exceeds-
  (b) the amount that would not have been so charged had the amount actually utilised for the purchase of the new asset within the period specified in sub-section (1)been the cost of the new asset, shall be charged under section 45 as income of the assessee for the previous year in which the period of one year from the date of the subscription in equity shares by the assessee expires; and
  (ii) the company shall be entitled to withdraw such amount in accordance with the scheme.
  (4) If the equity shares of the company or the new asset acquired by the company are sold or otherwise transferred within a period of five years from the date of their acquisition, the amount of capital gain arising from the transfer of the residential property not charged under section 45 as provided in sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be the income of the assessee chargeable under the head "Capital gains" of the previous year in which such equity shares or such new asset are sold or otherwise transferred, in addition to taxability of gains, arising on account of transfer of shares or of the new asset, in the hands of the assessee or the company, as the case may be.
  (5) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any transfer of residential property made after the 31st day of March, 2017.
  1[Provided that in case of an investment in eligible start-up, the provisions of this sub-section shall have the effect as if for the figures, letters and words "31st day of March, 2017", the figures, letters and words "31st day of March, 2019" had been substituted.]
  (6) For the purposes of this section,-
  (a) "eligible assessee" means an individual or a Hindu undivided family;
  (b) "eligible company" means a company which fulfils the following conditions, namely:-
  (i) it is a company incorporated in India during the period from the 1st day of April of the previous year relevant to the assessment year in which the capital gain arises to the due date of furnishing of return of income under sub-section (1) of section 139 by the assessee;
  (ii) it is engaged in the business of manufacture of an article or a thing 1[or in an eligible business;]
  (iii) it is a company in which the assessee has more than fifty per cent. share capital or more than fifty per cent. voting rights after the subscription in shares by the assessee; and
  (iv) it is a company which qualifies to be a small or medium enterprise under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Act, 2006 (27 of 2006) 1[or is an eligible start-up];
  1[(ba) "eligible start-up" and "eligible business" shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in Explanation below sub-section (4) of section 80-IAC;]
  (c) "net consideration" shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Explanation to section 54F;
  (d) "new asset" means new plant and machinery but does not include-
  (i) any machinery or plant which, before its installation by the assessee, was used either within or outside India by any other person;
  (ii) any machinery or plant installed in any office premises or any residential accommodation, including accommodation in the nature of a guest-house;
  (iii) any office appliances including computers or computer software;
  (iv) any vehicle; or
  (v) any machinery or plant, the whole of the actual cost of which is allowed as a deduction (whether by way of depreciation or otherwise) in computing the income chargeable under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession" of any previous year.]
  1[Provided that in the case of an eligible start-up, being a technology driven start-up so certified by the Inter-Ministerial Board of Certification notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette, the new asset shall include computers or computer software.]
  1. Ins. by Act 23 of 2012, s. 19 (w.e.f. 1-4-2013).
  1. The proviso ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 33 (1-4-2017).
  1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 33 (w.e.f. 1-4-2017).
  2[54H. Extension of time for acquiring new asset or depositing or investing amount of capital gain.-
  Notwithstanding anything contained in sections 54, 54B, 54D 3*** 4[, 54EC] and 54F, where the transfer of the original asset is by way of compulsory acquisition under any law and the amount of compensation awarded for such acquisition is not received by the assessee on the date of such transfer, the period for acquiring the new asset by the assessee referred to in those sections or, as the case may be, the period available to the assessee under those sections for depositing or investing the amount of capital gain in relation to such compensation as is not received on the date of the transfer, shall be reckoned from the date of receipt of such compensation:
  Provided that where the compensation in respect of transfer of the original asset by way of compulsory acquisition under any law is received before the 1st day of April, 1991, the aforesaid period or periods, if expired, shall extend up to the 31st day of December, 1991.]
  2. Ins. by Act 49 of 1991, s. 21 (w.e.f. 1-10-1991).
  3. The figures and letter ", 54E" omitted by Act 18 of 1992, s. 33 (w.e.f 1-4-1992).
  4. Subs. by Act 14 of 2001, s. 33, for ", 54EA, 54EB" (w.e.f. 1-4-2001).