Penélope Cruz has modeled for cosmetics company L'Oréal.
The presidency of James Madison began on March 4 , 1809 , when James Madison was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on March 4 , 1817 .. James Madison. James Madison. inaugurated. United States presidential inauguration. President of the United States. President of the United States. United States. United States. Madison , the fourth United States president , took office after defeating Charles Cotesworth Pinckney decisively in the 1808 presidential election .. fourth. List of Presidents of the United States. United States. United States. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. 1808 presidential election. United States presidential election, 1808. He was re-elected four years later , defeating DeWitt Clinton in the 1812 election .. DeWitt Clinton. DeWitt Clinton. 1812 election. United States presidential election, 1812. His presidency was dominated by the War of 1812 with the United Kingdom .. War of 1812. War of 1812. United Kingdom. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Madison was succeeded by Secretary of State James Monroe , a fellow member of the Democratic-Republican Party .. James Monroe. James Monroe. Democratic-Republican Party. Democratic-Republican Party. During his 8-year presidency , domestic affairs took a backseat to foreign affairs .. After a series of diplomatic protests and a trade embargo against the United Kingdom failed to convince the British to cease attacks upon American shipping , and to recognize the rights of the neutral American ships , Madison led the U.S. into the War of 1812 .. War of 1812. War of 1812. United Kingdom. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The war was an administrative morass , as the United States had neither a strong army nor financial system .. United States. United States. The British entered Washington and set fire to the White House and the Capitol .. White House. White House. Capitol. United States Capitol. However , a few notable naval and military victories , climaxed by General Andrew Jackson 's triumph at New Orleans , convinced Americans that the war had been gloriously successful .. One domestic issue that did stand somewhat apart from the war itself was the struggle over the rechartering of the Bank of the United States , whose charter was up for renewal in 1811 .. United States. United States. Bank of the United States. First Bank of the United States. Opposition to the bank 's rechartering emanated from two interests  : Old Republicans who characterized the bank as both constitutionally illegitimate and a direct threat to Jeffersonian agrarianism , state sovereignty and the institution of slavery ; and private state banking interests opposed to the U.S. Bank 's power to control the nation 's financial business .. When these interests killed the recharter drive , the U.S. confronted the British without the means to support war loans or to easily obtain government credit .. In 1816 , with Madison 's support , the Second Bank was chartered with a twenty-year term .. Second Bank. Second Bank of the United States