Aphrodite is the third daughter of Zeus and Dione in Homer's Iliad.
Mongol conquests of Kingdom of Georgia , which at that time consisted of Georgia proper , Armenia , and much of the Caucasus , involved multiple invasions and large-scale raids throughout the 13th century .. Mongol conquests. Mongol conquests. Caucasus. Caucasus. Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. Armenia. Zakarid Armenia. Kingdom of Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. The Mongol Empire first appeared in the Caucasus in 1220 as generals Subutai and Jebe pursued Muhammad II of Khwarezm during the destruction of the Khwarezmian Empire .. Caucasus. Caucasus. Mongol Empire. Mongol Empire. Subutai. Subutai. Jebe. Jebe. Muhammad II of Khwarezm. Muhammad II of Khwarezm. destruction of the Khwarezmian Empire. Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran. After a series of raids in which they defeated the Georgian and Armenian armies -LRB- Battle of Caucasus Mountain -RRB- , Subutai and Jebe continued north to invade Kievan Rus ' .. Caucasus. Caucasus. Subutai. Subutai. Jebe. Jebe. Battle of Caucasus Mountain. Battle of Caucasus Mountain. After his empire was destroyed , Khwarazm ruler Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu , son of Muhammed II , battled both the Mongols and the Georgians before moving on to challenge the Seljuks in Anatolia .. Anatolia. Anatolia. Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu. Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu. Seljuks. Seljuks. A full-scale Mongol conquest of the Caucasus and eastern Anatolia began in 1236 , in which the Kingdom of Georgia , the Sultanate of Rum , and the Empire of Trebizond were subjugated , the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and other Crusader states voluntarily accepted Mongol vassalage , and the Assassins were eliminated .. Caucasus. Caucasus. Anatolia. Anatolia. Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. Sultanate of Rum. Sultanate of Rum. Empire of Trebizond. Empire of Trebizond. Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Crusader states. Crusader states. Assassins. Assassins. The Mongols also invaded Dzurdzuketia , modern-day Chechnya , but faced continual resistance in that area .. invaded Dzurdzuketia. Mongol invasions of Chechnya. Chechnya. Chechnya. After the death of Mongke Khan in 1259 , the Mongol Empire descended into civil war and Berke of the Golden Horde and Hulagu of the Ilkhanate repeatedly invaded each other in the Caucasus until the ascension of Kublai Khan in 1264 .. Caucasus. Caucasus. Mongol Empire. Mongol Empire. Mongke Khan. Mongke Khan. Berke. Berke. Golden Horde. Golden Horde. Hulagu. Hulagu. Ilkhanate. Ilkhanate. invaded each other. Berke–Hulagu war. Kublai Khan. Kublai Khan. The second Mongol invasion of the Caucasus started with the expedition of Chormaqan against Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu , ordered by khan Ogedei in 1231 .. Caucasus. Caucasus. Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu. Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu. Chormaqan. Chormaqan. Ogedei. Ogedei. The Southern Persian dynasties in Fars and Kerman voluntarily submitted to the Mongols and agreed to pay tributes .. Fars. Fars Province. Kerman. Kerman. To the west , Hamadan and the rest of Persia was secured by Chormaqan .. Chormaqan. Chormaqan. Hamadan. Hamadan. The Mongols turned their attention to Armenia and Georgia in 1236 .. Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. Armenia. Zakarid Armenia. They completed the conquest of the Kingdom of Georgia in 1238 and the Mongol Empire began to attack the kingdom 's southern possessions in Armenia , which was under the Seljuks the next year .. Mongol Empire. Mongol Empire. Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. Armenia. Zakarid Armenia. Seljuks. Seljuks. Kingdom of Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. In 1236 Ogedei despoiled Khorassan and populated Herat .. Khorassan. Greater Khorasan. Herat. Herat. The Mongol military governors mostly made their camp in Mughan plain .. Mughan plain. Mughan plain. Realizing the danger of the Mongols , rulers of Mosul and Cilician Armenia submitted to the Great Khan .. Armenia. Zakarid Armenia. Mosul. Mosul. Cilician Armenia. Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Great Khan. Great Khan. Chormaqan divided the Transcaucasia region into three districts based on military hierarchy .. Chormaqan. Chormaqan. Transcaucasia. Transcaucasia. In Georgia , the population were temporarily divided into eight tumens .. Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. tumens. Tumen ( unit ). By 1237 the Mongol Empire had subjugated most of Persia , excluding Abbasid Iraq and Ismaili strongholds , and all of Afghanistan and Kashmir .. Mongol Empire. Mongol Empire. Abbasid. Abbasid. Ismaili. Ismaili. Afghanistan. Afghanistan. Kashmir. Kashmir. The Mongols began conquering the North Caucasus in 1237 , but encountered bloody resistance from the local populations there .. Caucasus. Caucasus. conquering the North Caucasus. Mongol invasions of Chechnya. After the battle of Kose Dag in 1243 , the Mongols under Baiju occupied Anatolia , and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and the Empire of Trebizond became vassals of the Mongols .. Anatolia. Anatolia. Empire of Trebizond. Empire of Trebizond. battle of Kose Dag. battle of Kose Dag. Baiju. Baiju. Seljuk Sultanate of Rum. Seljuk Sultanate of Rum. Assassin strongholds lay scattered throughout Persia and the Caucasus , and Mongol commander Kitbuqa , under orders from Mongke Khan , began laying siege to them in 1253 .. Caucasus. Caucasus. Assassin. Assassins. Mongke Khan. Mongke Khan. Kitbuqa. Kitbuqa. Hulagu launched a full-scale assault in 1256 and eradicated Assassin presence from the region .. Assassin. Assassins. Hulagu. Hulagu. Following the destruction of Baghdad in 1258 , civil war broke out between Berke Khan of the Golden Horde and Hulagu Khan of the Ilkhanate .. Berke. Berke. Golden Horde. Golden Horde. Hulagu. Hulagu. Ilkhanate. Ilkhanate. destruction of Baghdad in 1258. Siege of Baghdad ( 1258 ). Berke Khan. Berke. Part of the larger Toluid Civil War succession conflict between Kubilai and Ariq Boke , the war consisted mainly of raids and invasions carried out by both sides throughout the Caucasus region , with Berke enlisting the aid of the Mamluk Sultanate and Hulagu the aid of the Byzantine Empire .. Toluid Civil War. Toluid Civil War. Caucasus. Caucasus. Berke. Berke. Hulagu. Hulagu. Kubilai. Kublai Khan. Ariq Boke. Ariq Boke. Mamluk Sultanate. Mamluk Sultanate ( Cairo ). Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty. Neither side gained a real advantage , and the conflict ceased after the victory of Kublai and his enthronement as Great Khan .. Great Khan. Great Khan. Mongol rule in the Caucasus lasted until the late 1330s .. Caucasus. Caucasus. Greater Armenia stayed under Mongol lordship from 1220 to 1344 .. Armenia. Zakarid Armenia. Greater Armenia. Kingdom of Armenia ( Middle Ages ). During that period , the King George V the Brilliant restored the kingdom of Georgia for a brief period before it finally disintegrated due to Timur 's invasions of Georgia .. Georgia. Kingdom of Georgia. George V the Brilliant. George V of Georgia