Species distribution can be understood through many factors except glaciation.
Kirk Douglas -LRB- born Issur Danielovitch , December 9 , 1916 -RRB- is an American actor , producer , director , and author .. He is one of the last living people of the film industry 's Golden Age .. Golden Age. Studio system. film. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest ( film ). After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters , he had his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers -LRB- 1946 -RRB- with Barbara Stanwyck .. The Strange Love of Martha Ivers. The Strange Love of Martha Ivers. Barbara Stanwyck. Barbara Stanwyck. film. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest ( film ). Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s , known for serious dramas , including westerns and war movies .. During his career he appeared in more than 90 movies .. Douglas became an international star through positive reception for his leading role as an unscrupulous boxing hero in Champion -LRB- 1949 -RRB- , which brought him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .. Champion. Champion ( 1949 film ). Academy Award for Best Actor. Academy Award for Best Actor. Academy Award. Academy Award. Other early films include Young Man with a Horn -LRB- 1950 -RRB- , playing opposite Lauren Bacall and Doris Day ; Ace in the Hole opposite Jan Sterling -LRB- 1951 -RRB- ; and Detective Story -LRB- 1951 -RRB- .. Young Man with a Horn. Young Man with a Horn ( film ). Lauren Bacall. Lauren Bacall. Doris Day. Doris Day. Ace in the Hole. Ace in the Hole ( 1951 film ). Jan Sterling. Jan Sterling. Detective Story. Detective Story ( 1951 film ). He received a second Oscar nomination for his dramatic role in The Bad and the Beautiful -LRB- 1952 -RRB- , opposite Lana Turner , and his third nomination for portraying Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life -LRB- 1956 -RRB- .. The Bad and the Beautiful. The Bad and the Beautiful. Lana Turner. Lana Turner. Vincent van Gogh. Vincent van Gogh. Lust for Life. Lust for Life ( film ). Oscar. Oscars. In 1955 , he established Bryna Productions , which began producing films as varied as Paths of Glory -LRB- 1957 -RRB- and Spartacus -LRB- 1960 -RRB- .. Bryna Productions. Bryna Productions. Paths of Glory. Paths of Glory. Spartacus. Spartacus ( film ). In those two films , he starred and collaborated with the then relatively unknown director , Stanley Kubrick .. Stanley Kubrick. Stanley Kubrick. Douglas helped break the Hollywood blacklist by having Dalton Trumbo write Spartacus with an official on-screen credit , although Trumbo 's family claims he overstated his role .. Spartacus. Spartacus ( film ). Hollywood blacklist. Hollywood blacklist. Dalton Trumbo. Dalton Trumbo. He produced and starred in Lonely Are the Brave -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , considered a cult classic , and Seven Days in May -LRB- 1964 -RRB- , opposite Burt Lancaster , with whom he made seven films .. Lonely Are the Brave. Lonely Are the Brave. Seven Days in May. Seven Days in May. Burt Lancaster. Burt Lancaster. In 1963 , he starred in the Broadway play One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , a story he purchased , which he later gave to his son Michael Douglas , who turned it into an Oscar-winning film .. Michael. Michael Douglas. Michael Douglas. Michael Douglas. film. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest ( film ). Oscar. Oscars. As an actor and philanthropist , Douglas has received three Academy Award nominations , an Oscar for Lifetime Achievement , and the Presidential Medal of Freedom .. Academy Award. Academy Award. Oscar. Oscars. Presidential Medal of Freedom. Presidential Medal of Freedom. As an author , he has written ten novels and memoirs .. Currently , he is No. 17 on the American Film Institute 's list of the greatest male screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema , and the highest-ranked living person on the list .. American Film Institute. American Film Institute. greatest male screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema. AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars. After barely surviving a helicopter crash in 1991 and then suffering a stroke in 1996 , he has focused on renewing his spiritual and religious life .. He lives with his second wife -LRB- of 63 years -RRB- , Anne , a producer .. Anne. Anne Buydens. He turned 100 on December 9 , 2016 .. turned 100. centenarian