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The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem -LRB- Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani -RRB- , also known as the Order of Saint John , Order of Hospitallers , Knights Hospitaller , Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers , is the medieval Catholic military order that continued into the contemporary Sovereign Military Order of Malta , which remains a sovereign subject of international law .. Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Catholic. Catholic Church. military order. Military order ( monastic society ). Jerusalem. Jerusalem. sovereign subject. sovereignty. international law. international law. Malta. Malta. sovereign. sovereignty. It was headquartered variously in the Kingdom of Jerusalem , Rhodes and Malta , until it became known by its current name .. Jerusalem. Jerusalem. Rhodes. Rhodes. Kingdom of Jerusalem. Kingdom of Jerusalem. Malta. Malta. The Hospitallers arose , in the early 12th century , at the time of the great monastic reformation , as a group of individuals associated with an Amalfitan hospital in the Muristan district of Jerusalem , dedicated to John the Baptist and founded around 1023 by Gerard Thom to provide care for sick , poor or injured pilgrims coming to the Holy Land .. Jerusalem. Jerusalem. John the Baptist. John the Baptist. Amalfitan. Duchy of Amalfi. hospital. hospital. Muristan. Muristan. Gerard Thom. Blessed Gerard. pilgrims. Pilgrimage. Holy Land. Holy Land. Some scholars , however , consider that the Amalfitan order and hospital were different from Gerard Thom 's order and its hospital .. Amalfitan. Duchy of Amalfi. hospital. hospital. Gerard Thom. Blessed Gerard. After the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099 during the First Crusade , the organisation became a religious and military order under its own Papal charter , charged with the care and defence of the Holy Land .. military order. Military order ( monastic society ). Jerusalem. Jerusalem. Holy Land. Holy Land. conquest of Jerusalem. Siege of Jerusalem ( 1099 ). First Crusade. First Crusade. religious. religious order. Following the conquest of the Holy Land by Islamic forces , the knights operated from Rhodes , over which they were sovereign , and later from Malta , where they administered a vassal state under the Spanish viceroy of Sicily .. Rhodes. Rhodes. Malta. Malta. Holy Land. Holy Land. conquest of the Holy Land by Islamic forces. Crusades#Ninth Crusade 1271–1272. sovereign. sovereignty. vassal state. vassal state. viceroy. viceroy. Sicily. Sicily. The Hospitallers were the smallest group ever to colonise parts of the Americas ; at one point in the mid-17th century , they acquired four Caribbean islands , which they turned over to the French in the 1660s .. Caribbean. Caribbean. The knights were weakened in the Protestant Reformation , when rich commanderies of the order in northern Germany and the Netherlands became Protestant and largely separated from the Roman Catholic main stem , remaining separate to this day .. Catholic. Catholic Church. Protestant Reformation. Protestant Reformation. commanderies of the order. Commanderies of the Order of Saint John. remaining separate to this day. Order of Saint John ( Bailiwick of Brandenburg ). Protestant. Protestantism. Germany. Order of Saint John ( Bailiwick of Brandenburg ). Netherlands. Order of Saint John ( Bailiwick of Brandenburg )#Order of Saint John in the Netherlands. The order was disestablished in England , Denmark , Sweden and elsewhere in northern Europe , and it was further damaged by Napoleon 's capture of Malta in 1798 , following which it became dispersed throughout Europe and Russia .. Malta. Malta. Napoleon. Napoleon. Sweden. Order of St John in Sweden. It regained strength during the early 19th century as it redirected itself toward religious and humanitarian causes .. religious. religious order. In 1834 , the order , by this time known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , acquired new headquarters in Rome , where it has since been based .. Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Rome. Rome. Malta. Malta. Five contemporary , state-recognised chivalric orders which claim modern inheritance of the Hospitaller tradition all assert that `` The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is the original order '' , and that four non-Roman Catholic orders stem from the same root  : Protestant orders exist in Germany , the Netherlands and Sweden , and a non-denominational British revival has its headquarters in the United Kingdom with branches throughout the Commonwealth .. Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Catholic. Catholic Church. Malta. Malta. Protestant. Protestantism. Germany. Order of Saint John ( Bailiwick of Brandenburg ). Netherlands. Order of Saint John ( Bailiwick of Brandenburg )#Order of Saint John in the Netherlands. Sweden. Order of St John in Sweden. British revival. Order of Saint John ( chartered 1888 ). Commonwealth. Commonwealth