Robert Lopez has won an Award.
Academic authorship of journal articles , books , and other original works is a means by which academics communicate the results of their scholarly work , establish priority for their discoveries , and build their reputation among their peers .. journal. academic journal. articles. manuscript. academics. academia. scholarly work. list of academic disciplines. priority. scientific priority. Authorship is a primary basis that employers use to evaluate academic personnel for employment , promotion , and tenure .. tenure. tenure. In academic publishing , authorship of a work is claimed by those making intellectual contributions to the completion of the research described in the work .. academic publishing. academic publishing. research. research. In simple cases , a solitary scholar carries out a research project and writes the subsequent article or book .. research. research. In many disciplines , however , collaboration is the norm and issues of authorship can be controversial .. disciplines. list of academic disciplines. collaboration. collaboration. In these contexts , authorship can encompass activities other than writing the article ; a researcher who comes up with an experimental design and analyzes the data may be considered an author , even if she or he had little role in composing the text describing the results .. According to some standards , even writing the entire article would not constitute authorship unless the writer was also involved in at least one other phase of the project .