Recovery is an album focusing on themes of isolation and addiction.
Grape phylloxera -LRB- Daktulosphaira vitifoliae -LRB- Fitch 1855 -RRB- ; family Phylloxeridae , within the order Hemiptera , bugs -RRB- ; originally described in France as Phylloxera vastatrix ; equated to the previously described Daktulosphaira vitifoliae , Phylloxera vitifoliae ; commonly just called phylloxera -LRB- -LSB- fɪˈlɒksərə -RSB- from Greek φυλλον , leaf , and ξερον , dry -RRB- is a pest of commercial grapevines worldwide , originally native to eastern North America .. Phylloxeridae. Phylloxeridae. Hemiptera. Hemiptera. Greek. Greek language. North America. North America. These almost microscopic , pale yellow sap-sucking insects , related to aphids , feed on the roots and leaves of grapevines -LRB- depending on the phylloxera genetic strain -RRB- .. On Vitis vinifera L. , the resulting deformations on roots -LRB- `` nodosities '' and `` tuberosities '' -RRB- and secondary fungal infections can girdle roots , gradually cutting off the flow of nutrients and water to the vine .. girdle. Girdling. Nymphs also form protective galls on the undersides of grapevine leaves of some Vitis species and overwinter under the bark or on the vine roots ; these leaf galls are typically only found on the leaves of American vines .. grapevine. Vitis. Nymphs. Nymph ( biology ). American vine species -LRB- such as Vitis labrusca -RRB- have evolved to have several natural defenses against phylloxera .. Vitis labrusca. Vitis labrusca. The roots of the American vines exude a sticky sap that repels the nymph form when it tries to feed from the vine by clogging its mouth .. If the nymph is successful in creating a feeding wound on the root , American vines respond by forming a protective layer of tissue to cover the wound and protect it from secondary bacterial or fungal infections .. Currently there is no cure for phylloxera and unlike other grape diseases such as powdery or downy mildew , there is no chemical control or response .. grape diseases. grape diseases. powdery. powdery ( mildew ). downy mildew. downy mildew. The only successful means of controlling phylloxera has been the grafting of phylloxera resistant American rootstock -LRB- usually hybrid varieties created from the Vitis berlandieri , Vitis riparia and Vitis rupestris species -RRB- to more susceptible European vinifera '' vines .. grafting. grafting ( vine ). hybrid. hybrid ( biology ). Vitis berlandieri. Vitis berlandieri. Vitis riparia. Vitis riparia. Vitis rupestris. Vitis rupestris