Star Trek was written by Roberto Orci.
Contrast-induced nephropathy -LRB- CIN -RRB- is a form of kidney damage in which there has been recent exposure to medical imaging contrast material without another clear cause for the acute kidney injury .. kidney damage. acute kidney injury. medical imaging contrast. radiocontrast. acute kidney injury. acute kidney injury. CIN is classically defined a serum creatinine increase of at least 25 % and / or an absolute increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 mg / dL after using iodine contrast agent without another clear cause for acute kidney injury .. acute kidney injury. acute kidney injury. serum creatinine. serum creatinine. contrast agent. contrast agent. Despite extensive speculation , the actual occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy has not been demonstrated in the literature .. The mechanism of contrast-induced nephropathy is not entirely understood , but is thought to include direct damage from reactive oxygen species , contrast-induced increase in urine output , increased oxygen consumption , changes in dilation and narrowing of the blood vessels to the kidneys , and changes in urine viscosity .. reactive oxygen species. reactive oxygen species. increase in urine output. diuresis. dilation. vasodilation. narrowing of the blood vessels. vasoconstriction