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In computing , a stack trace -LRB- also called stack backtrace or stack traceback -RRB- is a report of the active stack frames at a certain point in time during the execution of a program .. computing. computing. program. computer program. When a program is run , memory is often dynamically allocated in two places ; the stack and the heap .. program. computer program. Memory is contiguously allocated on a stack but not on a heap , thus reflective of their names .. Stack also refers to a programming construct , thus to differentiate it , this stack is referred as the program 's runtime stack .. program. computer program. runtime stack. runtime stack. Technically , once a block of memory has been allocated on the stack , it can not be easily removed as there can be other blocks of memory that were allocated before it .. Each time a function is called in a program , a block of memory is allocated on top of the runtime stack called the activation record .. program. computer program. runtime stack. runtime stack. At a high level , an activation record allocates memory for the function 's parameters and local variables declared in the function .. Programmers commonly use stack tracing during interactive and post-mortem debugging .. debugging. debugging. End-users may see a stack trace displayed as part of an error message , which the user can then report to a programmer .. error message. error message. A stack trace allows tracking the sequence of nested functions called - up to the point where the stack trace is generated .. In a post-mortem scenario this extends up to the function where the failure occurred -LRB- but was not necessarily caused -RRB- .. Sibling calls do not appear in a stack trace .. Sibling calls. Tail call. As an example , the following Python program contains an error .. program. computer program. Python. Python ( programming language ). def a  :. i = 0. j = b -LRB- i -RRB-. return j. def b -LRB- z -RRB-  :. k = 5. if z == 0  :. return k / z. def c  :. error. Running the program under the standard Python interpreter produces the following error message .. program. computer program. error message. error message. Python. Python ( programming language ). Traceback -LRB- most recent call last -RRB-  :. File `` tb.py '' , line 15 , in <module>. File `` tb.py '' , line 3 , in a. j = b -LRB- i -RRB-. File `` tb.py '' , line 9 , in b. File `` tb.py '' , line 13 , in c. error. NameError  : global name ` error ' is not defined. The stack trace shows where the error occurs , namely in the c function .. It also shows that the c function was called by b , which was called by a , which was in turn called by the code on line 15 -LRB- the last line -RRB- of the program .. program. computer program. The activation records for each of these three functions would be arranged in a stack such that the a function would occupy the bottom of the stack and the c function would occupy the top of the stack .