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The state of Wisconsin in the United States has 72 counties .. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. United States. United States. counties. county ( US ). The land that eventually became Wisconsin was transferred from British to American control with the 1783 signing of the Treaty of Paris .. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Treaty of Paris. Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ). It was an unorganized part of the Northwest Territory until 1802 when all of the land from St. Louis north to the Canadian border was organized as St. Clair County .. Northwest Territory. Northwest Territory. St. Clair County. St. Clair County, Illinois. When Illinois was admitted to the union in 1818 , Wisconsin became part of the Territory of Michigan and divided into two counties  : Brown County in the northeast along Lake Michigan and Crawford County in the southwest along the Mississippi River .. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. counties. county ( US ). Illinois. Illinois. Territory of Michigan. Territory of Michigan. Brown County. Brown County, Wisconsin. Lake Michigan. Lake Michigan. Crawford County. Crawford County, Wisconsin. Mississippi River. Mississippi River. Brown. Brown County, Wisconsin. Iowa County was formed in 1829 from the Crawford County land south of the Wisconsin River .. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Crawford County. Crawford County, Wisconsin. Iowa County. Iowa County, Wisconsin. Wisconsin River. Wisconsin River. Brown County 's southern portion was used to form Milwaukee County in 1834 .. Brown County. Brown County, Wisconsin. Milwaukee County. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Brown. Brown County, Wisconsin. Milwaukee. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The state of Wisconsin was created from Wisconsin Territory on May 29 , 1848 , with 28 counties .. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. counties. county ( US ). Wisconsin Territory. Wisconsin Territory. Counties in Wisconsin are governed by county boards , headed by a chairperson .. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Counties with a population of 500,000 or more must also have a county executive .. county executive. county executive. Smaller counties may have either a county executive or a county administrator .. counties. county ( US ). county executive. county executive. As of 2011 , 13 counties had elected county executives  : Brown , Chippewa , Dane , Fond du Lac , Kenosha , Manitowoc , Milwaukee , Outagamie , Portage , Racine , Sawyer , Waukesha , and Winnebago .. counties. county ( US ). Brown. Brown County, Wisconsin. Chippewa. Chippewa County, Wisconsin. Dane. Dane County, Wisconsin. Fond du Lac. Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. Kenosha. Kenosha County, Wisconsin. Manitowoc. Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Milwaukee. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Outagamie. Outagamie County, Wisconsin. Portage. Portage County, Wisconsin. Racine. Racine County, Wisconsin. Sawyer. Sawyer County, Wisconsin. Waukesha. Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Winnebago. Winnebago County, Wisconsin. 23 had an appointed county administrator , 34 had an appointed administrative coordinator , and 2 had neither an executive nor an administrator .. Waukesha County had both an executive and an administrator .. Waukesha. Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Each county has a county seat , often a populous or centrally located community , where the county 's governmental offices are located .. county seat. county seat. Some of the services provided by the county include  : law enforcement , circuit courts , social services , vital records and deed registration , road maintenance , and snow removal .. circuit courts. Wisconsin Circuit Court. County officials include sheriffs , district attorneys , clerks , treasurers , coroners , surveyors , registers of deeds , and clerks of circuit court ; these officers are elected for four-year terms .. In most counties , elected coroners have been replaced by appointed medical examiners .. counties. county ( US ). State law permits counties to appoint a registered land surveyor in place of electing a surveyor .. counties. county ( US ). The most populous county in the state is Milwaukee County at 947,735 people at the 2010 census .. Milwaukee County. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Milwaukee. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Its population is bolstered by the city of Milwaukee 's 594,833 people .. Milwaukee. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. city of Milwaukee. Milwaukee. The county with the least population is Menominee County with 4232 residents ; the Menominee Indian Reservation is co-extensive with the county .. Menominee County. Menominee County, Wisconsin. Menominee Indian Reservation. Menominee Indian Reservation. Pepin County is the smallest in area , with 231.98 sqmi ; Marathon is the largest , having 1544.91 sqmi .. Pepin County. Pepin County, Wisconsin. Marathon. Marathon County, Wisconsin. The Federal Information Processing Standard -LRB- FIPS -RRB- code , which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties , is provided with each entry .. United States. United States. counties. county ( US ). Federal Information Processing Standard. Federal Information Processing Standard. Wisconsin 's code is 55 , which when combined with any county code would be written as 55XXX .. Wisconsin. Wisconsin. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county .