Chile is not a stable nation.
Chile , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west .. Andes. Andes. It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , Argentina to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south .. Peru. Peru. Bolivia. Bolivia. Argentina. Argentina. Drake Passage. Drake Passage. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernandez , Salas y Gomez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania .. Juan Fernandez. Juan Fernandez Islands. Salas y Gomez. Salas y Gomez. Desventuradas. Desventuradas Islands. Easter Island. Easter Island. Oceania. Oceania. Chile also claims about 1250000 km2 of Antarctica , although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty .. Antarctica. Antarctica. Antarctic Treaty. Antarctic Treaty. The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth , principally copper .. Atacama Desert. Atacama Desert. copper. Copper#Production. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources , and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions .. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands , and features a string of volcanoes and lakes .. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords , inlets , canals , twisting peninsulas , and islands .. Spain conquered and colonized Chile in the mid-16th century , replacing Inca rule in northern and central Chile , but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited south-central Chile .. Mapuche. Mapuche. Spain. Spain. Spain conquered and colonized. Conquest of Chile. Inca rule. Incas in Central Chile. failing to conquer. Arauco War. After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818 , Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic .. Spain. Spain. declaring its independence. Chilean Declaration of Independence. In the 19th century , Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth , ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific -LRB- 1879 -- 83 -RRB- after defeating Peru and Bolivia .. Mapuche. Mapuche. Peru. Peru. Bolivia. Bolivia. ending Mapuche resistance. Occupation of Araucania. War of the Pacific. War of the Pacific. In the 1960s and 1970s the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil .. political polarization. Polarization ( politics ). This development culminated with the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat that overthrew Salvador Allende 's democratically elected left-wing government and instituted a 16-year-long right-wing military dictatorship that left more than 3,000 people dead or missing .. 1973 Chilean coup d'etat. 1973 Chilean coup d'etat. Salvador Allende. Salvador Allende. a 16-year-long right-wing military dictatorship. Military dictatorship of Chile ( 1973–90 ). The regime , headed by Augusto Pinochet , ended in 1990 after it lost a referendum in 1988 and was succeeded by a center-left coalition which ruled through four presidencies until 2010 .. Augusto Pinochet. Augusto Pinochet. referendum in 1988. Chilean presidential referendum, 1988. center-left coalition. Concertacion. Chile is today one of South America 's most stable and prosperous nations .. South America. South America. It leads Latin American nations in rankings of human development , competitiveness , income per capita , globalization , state of peace , economic freedom , and low perception of corruption .. human development. human development ( humanity ). competitiveness. competitiveness. income per capita. income per capita. globalization. globalization. state of peace. Global Peace Index. economic freedom. economic freedom. low perception of corruption. Political corruption. It also ranks high regionally in sustainability of the state , and democratic development .. sustainability of the state. Failed States Index#Failed States Index. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations , the Union of South American Nations -LRB- UNASUR -RRB- and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States -LRB- CELAC -RRB- .. United Nations. United Nations. Union of South American Nations. Union of South American Nations. Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Community of Latin American and Caribbean States