Yemen's temporary capital is Aden.
The history of radar started with experiments by Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century that showed that radio waves were reflected by metallic objects .. Heinrich Hertz. Heinrich Hertz. radar. radar. This possibility was suggested in James Clerk Maxwell 's seminal work on electromagnetism .. James Clerk Maxwell. James Clerk Maxwell. electromagnetism. electromagnetism. However , it was not until the early 20th century that systems able to use these principles were becoming widely available , and it was German inventor Christian Hulsmeyer who first used them to build a simple ship detection device intended to help avoid collisions in fog -LRB- Reichspatent Nr .. Christian Hulsmeyer. Christian Hulsmeyer. 165546 -RRB- .. Numerous similar systems , which provided directional information to objects over short ranges , were developed over the next two decades .. The development of systems able to produce short pulses of radio energy was the key advance that allowed modern radar systems to come into existence .. radar. radar. By timing the pulses on an oscilloscope , the range could be determined and the direction of the antenna revealed the angular location of the targets .. oscilloscope. oscilloscope. The two , combined , produced a `` fix '' , locating the target relative to the antenna .. In the 1934 -- 1939 period , eight nations developed independently , and in great secrecy , systems of this type  : the United Kingdom , Germany , the United States , the USSR , Japan , the Netherlands , France , and Italy .. United Kingdom. United Kingdom. Germany. Germany. United States. United States. USSR. USSR. Japan. Japan. Netherlands. Netherlands. France. France. Italy. Italy. In addition , Britain shared their information with the United States and four Commonwealth countries  : Australia , Canada , New Zealand , and South Africa , and these countries also developed their own radar systems .. radar. radar. United States. United States. Australia. Australia. Canada. Canada. New Zealand. New Zealand. South Africa. South Africa. During the war , Hungary was added to this list .. Hungary. Hungary. The term RADAR was coined in 1939 by the United States Signal Corps as it worked on these systems for the Navy .. United States. United States. Progress during the war was rapid and of great importance , probably one of the decisive factors for the victory of the Allies .. Allies. Allies of World War II. A key development was the magnetron in the UK , which allowed the creation of relatively small systems with sub-meter resolution .. magnetron. magnetron. By the end of hostilities , Britain , Germany , the United States , the USSR , and Japan had a wide diversity of land - and sea-based radars as well as small airborne systems .. Germany. Germany. United States. United States. USSR. USSR. Japan. Japan. After the war , radar use was widened to numerous fields including  : civil aviation , marine navigation , radar guns for police , meteorology and even medicine .. radar. radar. civil aviation. civil aviation. meteorology. meteorology. Key developments in the post-war period include the travelling wave tube as a way to produce large quantities of coherent microwaves , the development of signal delay systems that led to phased array radars , and ever-increasing frequencies that allow higher resolutions .. travelling wave tube. travelling wave tube. Increases in signal processing capability due to the introduction of solid state computers has also had a large impact on radar use .. radar. radar