Mogadishu is located in a country.
Somalia -LRB- -LSB- səˈmɑːliə ,   soʊ - ,   - ljə -RSB- ; Soomaaliya الصومال -RRB- , officially the Federal Republic of Somalia -LRB- Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya , جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية -RRB- , is a country located in the Horn of Africa .. Federal. Federation. Horn of Africa. Horn of Africa. Africa. Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west , Djibouti to the northwest , the Gulf of Aden to the north , the Indian Ocean to the east , and Kenya to the southwest .. Ethiopia. Ethiopia. Djibouti. Djibouti. Gulf of Aden. Gulf of Aden. Indian Ocean. Indian Ocean. Kenya. Kenya. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa 's mainland , and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus , plains and highlands .. Africa. Africa. Climatically , hot conditions prevail year-round , with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall .. Somalia has an estimated population of around 16.3 million .. Around 85 % of its residents are ethnic Somalis , who have historically inhabited the northern part of the country .. ethnic Somalis. Somalis. Ethnic minorities are largely concentrated in the southern regions .. The official languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic , both of which belong to the Afroasiatic family .. Somali. Somali language. Arabic. Arabic language. Afroasiatic. Afroasiatic languages. Most people in the country are Muslim , with the majority being Sunni .. Muslim. Muslim. Sunni. Sunni Islam. In antiquity , Somalia was an important commercial centre .. It is among the most probable locations of the fabled ancient Land of Punt .. Land of Punt. Land of Punt. During the Middle Ages , several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade , including the Ajuran Empire , the Adal Sultanate , the Warsangali Sultanate , and the Geledi Sultanate .. Somali. Somali language. Adal Sultanate. Adal Sultanate. Warsangali Sultanate. Warsangali Sultanate. Ajuran Empire. Ajuran Sultanate. Geledi Sultanate. Geledi Sultanate. In the late 19th century , through a succession of treaties with these kingdoms , the British and Italian empires gained control of parts of the coast and established the colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland .. British Somaliland. British Somaliland. Italian Somaliland. Italian Somaliland. Somaliland. Somaliland. In the interior , Mohammed Abdullah Hassan 's Dervish State repelled the British Empire four times and forced it to retreat to the coastal region , before succumbing to defeat in 1920 by British airpower .. Mohammed Abdullah Hassan. Mohammed Abdullah Hassan. Dervish State. Dervish State. repelled. Dervish War. defeat in 1920. Somaliland campaign ( 1920 ). The toponym Somalia was coined by the Italian explorer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti -LRB- 1855 -- 1926 -RRB- .. Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti. Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti. Italy acquired full control of the northeastern , central and southern parts of the area after successfully waging the so-called Campaign of the Sultanates against the ruling Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo .. Majeerteen Sultanate. Majeerteen Sultanate. Sultanate of Hobyo. Sultanate of Hobyo. Campaign of the Sultanates. History of Somalia#20th century. Italian occupation lasted until 1941 , yielding to British military administration .. military. Military of Somalia. British Somaliland would remain a protectorate , while Italian Somaliland in 1949 became a United Nations Trusteeship under Italian administration , the Trust Territory of Somaliland .. British Somaliland. British Somaliland. Italian Somaliland. Italian Somaliland. Trust Territory of Somaliland. Trust Territory of Somaliland. Somaliland. Somaliland. In 1960 , the two regions united to form the independent Somali Republic under a civilian government .. Somali. Somali language. Somali Republic. Somali Republic. The Supreme Revolutionary Council seized power in 1969 and established the Somali Democratic Republic .. Somali. Somali language. Supreme Revolutionary Council. Supreme Revolutionary Council ( Somalia ). Somali Democratic Republic. Somali Democratic Republic. Led by Mohamed Siad Barre , this government later collapsed in 1991 as the Somali Civil War broke out .. Somali. Somali language. Mohamed Siad Barre. Mohamed Siad Barre. Somali Civil War. Somali Civil War. Various armed factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum , particularly in the south .. During this period , due to the absence of a central government , Somalia was a `` failed state '' , and residents returned to customary and religious law in most regions .. failed state. failed state. customary. Xeer. religious law. Sharia. A few autonomous regions , including the Somaliland and Puntland administrations emerged in the north .. autonomous regions. States and regions of Somalia. Somaliland. Somaliland. Puntland. Puntland. The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations .. The Transitional National Government -LRB- TNG -RRB- was established in 2000 , followed by the formation of the Transitional Federal Government -LRB- TFG -RRB- in 2004 , which reestablished national institutions such as the military .. Federal. Federation. Transitional National Government. Transitional National Government. Transitional Federal Government. Transitional Federal Government. military. Military of Somalia. In 2006 , the TFG , assisted by Ethiopian troops , assumed control of most of the nation 's southern conflict zones from the newly formed Islamic Courts Union -LRB- ICU -RRB- .. Islamic Courts Union. Islamic Courts Union. The ICU subsequently splintered into more radical groups such as Al-Shabaab , which battled the TFG and its AMISOM allies for control of the region .. Al-Shabaab. Al-Shabaab ( militant group ). AMISOM. AMISOM. By mid-2012 , the insurgents had lost most of the territory that they had seized .. In 2011 -- 2012 , a political process providing benchmarks for the establishment of permanent democratic institutions was launched .. Within this administrative framework a new provisional constitution was passed in August 2012 , which reformed Somalia as a federation .. constitution. Constitution of Somalia. federation. federation. Following the end of the TFG 's interim mandate the same month , the Federal Government of Somalia , the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war , was formed and a period of reconstruction began in Mogadishu .. Mogadishu. Mogadishu. Federal. Federation. Federal Government of Somalia. Federal Government of Somalia. Somalia has maintained an informal economy , mainly based on livestock , remittances from Somalis working abroad , and telecommunications .. informal economy. informal economy