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Desalting and buffer exchange are methods to separate soluble macromolecules from smaller molecules -LRB- desalting -RRB- or replace the buffer system used for another one suitable for a downstream application -LRB- buffer exchange -RRB- .. buffer system. Buffer solution. These methods are based on gel filtration chromatography , also called molecular sieve chromatography , which is a form of size-exclusion chromatography .. size-exclusion chromatography. size-exclusion chromatography. Desalting and buffer exchange are two of the most common gel filtration chromatography applications , and they can be performed using the same resin .. Desalting and buffer exchange both entail recovering the components of a sample in whatever buffer is used to pre-equilibrate the small , porous polymer beads -LRB- resin -RRB- .. Desalting occurs when buffer salts and other small molecules are removed from a sample in exchange for water -LRB- with the resin being pre-equilibrated in water -RRB- .. Buffer exchange occurs when the buffer salts in a sample are exchanged for those in another buffer .