Diana, Princess of Wales's father inherited the title of professor emeritus.
Resistance-nodulation-division -LRB- RND -RRB- family transporters are a category of bacterial efflux pumps , especially identified in Gram-negative bacteria and located in the cytoplasmic membrane , that actively transport substrates .. bacterial efflux pumps. Efflux ( microbiology ). Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria. actively transport. Active transport. The RND superfamily includes seven families  : the heavy metal efflux -LRB- HME -RRB- , the hydrophobe / amphiphile efflux-1 -LRB- gram-negative bacteria -RRB- , the nodulation factor exporter family -LRB- NFE -RRB- , the SecDF protein-secretion accessory protein family , the hydrophobe / amphiphile efflux-2 family , the eukaryotic sterol homeostasis family , and the hydrophobe / amphiphile efflux-3 family .. superfamily. Protein superfamily. hydrophobe. hydrophobe. eukaryotic. Eukaryote. homeostasis. homeostasis. These RND systems are involved in maintaining homeostasis of the cell , removal of toxic compounds , and export of virulence determinants .. homeostasis. homeostasis. virulence determinants. Virulence factor. They have a broad substrate spectrum and can lead to the diminished activity of unrelated drug classes if over-expressed .. The first reports of drug resistant bacterial infections were reported in the 1940s after the first mass production of antibiotics .. bacterial infections. Pathogenic bacteria. antibiotics. antibiotics. Most of the RND superfamily transport systems are made of large polypeptide chains .. superfamily. Protein superfamily. RND proteins exist primarily in gram-negative bacteria but can also be found in gram-positive bacteria , archaea , and eukaryotes .. gram-positive bacteria. gram-positive bacteria. archaea. archaea