The Fame has sold only digital copies.
The von Neumann architecture , which is also known as the von Neumann model and Princeton architecture , is a computer architecture based on that described in 1945 by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann and others in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC .. computer architecture. computer architecture. John von Neumann. John von Neumann. First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with parts consisting of a processing unit containing an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers ; a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter ; a memory to store both data and instructions ; external mass storage ; and input and output mechanisms .. digital computer. digital computer. processing unit. Central processing unit. arithmetic logic unit. arithmetic logic unit. control unit. control unit. instruction register. instruction register. program counter. program counter. memory. Computer memory. data. Data ( computing ). instructions. Instruction set. mass storage. mass storage. input and output. input and output. The meaning has evolved to be any stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation can not occur at the same time because they share a common bus .. data. Data ( computing ). stored-program computer. stored-program computer. instruction fetch. instruction fetch. bus. Bus ( computing ). This is referred to as the von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system .. von Neumann bottleneck. #Von Neumann bottleneck. The design of a von Neumann architecture machine is simpler than that of a Harvard architecture machine , which is also a stored-program system but has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading data from and writing data to memory , and another set of address and data buses for instruction fetching .. memory. Computer memory. data. Data ( computing ). Harvard architecture. Harvard architecture. data buses. Memory bus. A stored-program digital computer is one that keeps its program instructions , as well as its data , in read-write , random-access memory -LRB- RAM -RRB- .. digital computer. digital computer. memory. Computer memory. data. Data ( computing ). instructions. Instruction set. program instructions. Computer program. read-write. Read-write memory. random-access memory. random-access memory. Stored-program computers were an advancement over the program-controlled computers of the 1940s , such as the Colossus and the ENIAC , which were programmed by setting switches and inserting patch cables to route data and to control signals between various functional units .. data. Data ( computing ). Colossus. Colossus computer. ENIAC. ENIAC. In the vast majority of modern computers , the same memory is used for both data and program instructions , and the von Neumann vs. Harvard distinction applies to the cache architecture , not the main memory -LRB- split cache architecture -RRB- .. memory. Computer memory. data. Data ( computing ). instructions. Instruction set. program instructions. Computer program. cache. CPU cache. split cache architecture. Modified Harvard architecture#split cache architecture