The Hyksos' chief deity became associated with a god of the desert.
The Hyksos -LRB- -LSB- ˈhɪksɒs -RSB- or -LSB- ˈhɪksoʊz -RSB- Egyptian heqa khaseshet , `` ruler -LRB- s -RRB- of the foreign countries '' ; Υκσως , Υξως -RRB- were a people of mixed origins from Western Asia , who settled in the eastern Nile Delta , some time before 1650 BC .. Egyptian. Egyptian language. Western Asia. Western Asia. Nile Delta. Nile Delta. The arrival of the Hyksos led to the end of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt and initiated the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt .. Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Second Intermediate Period of Egypt. Second Intermediate Period of Egypt. Thirteenth Dynasty. Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt. In the context of Ancient Egypt , the term `` Asiatic '' -- which is often used for the Hyksos -- may refer to any people native to areas east of Egypt .. Immigration by Canaanite populations preceded the Hyksos .. Canaanites first appeared in Egypt towards the end of the 12th Dynasty c. 1800 BC , and either around that time or c. 1720 BC , established an independent realm in the eastern Nile Delta .. Nile Delta. Nile Delta. 12th Dynasty. Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. The Canaanite rulers of the Delta , regrouped in the Fourteenth Dynasty , coexisted with the Egyptian Thirteenth Dynasty , based in Itjtawy .. Egyptian. Egyptian language. Fourteenth Dynasty. Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Thirteenth Dynasty. Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Itjtawy. Itjtawy. The power of the 13th and 14th Dynasties progressively waned , perhaps due to famine and plague .. In about 1650 BC , both dynasties were invaded by the Hyksos , who formed the Fifteenth Dynasty .. Fifteenth Dynasty. Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The collapse of the Thirteenth Dynasty created a power vacuum in the south , which may have led to the rise of the Sixteenth Dynasty , based in Thebes , and possibly of a local Abydos Dynasty .. Thirteenth Dynasty. Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Sixteenth Dynasty. Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Thebes. Thebes, Egypt. Abydos Dynasty. Abydos Dynasty. The Hyksos eventually conquered both , albeit for only a short time in the case of Thebes .. Thebes. Thebes, Egypt. From then on , the 17th Dynasty took control of Thebes and reigned for some time in peaceful coexistence with the Hyksos kings , perhaps as their vassals .. Thebes. Thebes, Egypt. 17th Dynasty. Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt. Eventually , Seqenenre Tao , Kamose and Ahmose waged war against the Hyksos and expelled Khamudi , their last king , from Egypt c. 1550 BC .. Seqenenre Tao. Seqenenre Tao. Kamose. Kamose. Ahmose. Ahmose I. Khamudi. Khamudi. The Hyksos practiced horse burials , and their chief deity , their native storm god , Baal , became associated with the Egyptian storm and desert god , Set .. Egyptian. Egyptian language. storm god. Weather god. Baal. Baal. Set. Set ( deity ). horse. horse. The Hyksos were a people of mixed Asiatic origin with mainly Semitic-speaking components .. Semitic-speaking. ancient Semitic-speaking peoples. Although some scholars have suggested that the Hyksos contained a Hurrian component , most other scholars have dismissed this possibility .. Hurrian. Hurrians. The Hurrians spoke an isolated language , but were under Indo-European rule and influence , and Hurrian etymologies have been suggested for some Hyksos names while Indo-European etymologies have been suggested for a very few names .. Hurrian. Hurrians. isolated language. Hurrian language. Indo-European. Indo-European migrations. Indo-European etymologies. Indo-European languages. If a Hurrian component did indeed exist among the Hyksos , an Indo-European component becomes difficult to explain , as Indo-European peoples only exercised a significant influence upon Hurrians in Syria after the Hyksos were well established in Egypt .. Hurrian. Hurrians. Indo-European. Indo-European migrations. The Hyksos brought several technical innovations to Egypt , as well as cultural infusions such as new musical instruments and foreign loanwords .. The changes introduced include new techniques of bronze working and pottery , new breeds of animals , and new crops .. In warfare , they introduced the horse and chariot , the composite bow , improved battle axes , and advanced fortification techniques .. horse. horse. chariot. chariot. composite bow. composite bow. Because of these cultural advances , Hyksos rule became decisive for Egypt 's later empire in the Middle East .. later empire. New Kingdom of Egypt