Japan is represented by one centralized federal government.
Otto Gerhard Karl Sprengel -LRB- 27 December 1852 , in Waren an der Muritz -- 8 January 1915 , in Berlin -RRB- was a German surgeon .. Waren an der Muritz. Waren an der Muritz. Berlin. Berlin. He studied medicine at the universities of Tubingen , Munich and Rostock , receiving his doctorate at the University of Marburg in 1877 .. Tubingen. University of Tubingen. Munich. University of Munich. Rostock. University of Rostock. University of Marburg. University of Marburg. At Marburg he worked as an assistant to surgeon Wilhelm Roser , then afterwards , spent three years as an assistant to Richard von Volkmann at the University of Halle .. Wilhelm Roser. Wilhelm Roser. Richard von Volkmann. Richard von Volkmann. University of Halle. University of Halle. After practicing medicine for a short period of time in Frankfurt am Main , he was named senior physician at the children 's hospital in Dresden -LRB- 1882 -RRB- .. Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt am Main. Dresden. Dresden. In 1896 he relocated to the hospital in Braunschweig as head of its surgical department .. Braunschweig. Braunschweig. He was elected president of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie , but died soon afterwards of sepsis , contacted when operating on a patient with a gunshot wound .. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie. German Society of Surgery. sepsis. sepsis. He was especially interested in abdominal surgery , and introduced a transverse sub-umbilical incision referred to as `` Sprengel 's incision '' .. abdominal surgery. abdominal surgery. In 1891 he described a congenital disorder affecting the scapula that is now known as `` Sprengel 's deformity '' .. scapula. scapula. He described the condition in a paper titled Die angeborene Verschiebung des Schulterblattes nach oben -LRB- `` The congenital upward displacement of the scapula '' -RRB- .. scapula. scapula. His book Appendicitis -LRB- 1906 -RRB- was later translated into English .. Another noted work by Sprengel was Uber den Begriff ` Bruchanlage ' in der Praxis -LRB- 1909 -RRB- .