Ian Brennan has only ever worked in finance.
A software bug is an error , flaw , failure or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result , or to behave in unintended ways .. failure. failure. fault. fault ( technology ). computer program. computer program. system. software system. Most bugs arise from mistakes and errors made in either a program 's source code or its design , or in components and operating systems used by such programs .. source code. source code. design. software architecture. A few are caused by compilers producing incorrect code .. A program that contains a large number of bugs , and / or bugs that seriously interfere with its functionality , is said to be buggy -LRB- defective -RRB- .. Bugs trigger errors that may have ripple effects .. Bugs may have subtle effects or cause the program to crash or freeze the computer .. crash. crash ( computing ). freeze. freeze ( computing ). Others qualify as security bugs and might , for example , enable a malicious user to bypass access controls in order to obtain unauthorized privileges .. security bugs. security bugs. malicious user. Black hat hacking. obtain unauthorized privileges. Privilege escalation. Bugs in code that controls the Therac-25 radiation therapy machine were directly responsible for patient deaths in the 1980s .. Therac-25. Therac-25. radiation therapy. radiation therapy. In 1996 , the European Space Agency 's US$ 1 billion prototype Ariane 5 rocket had to be destroyed less than a minute after launch due to a bug in the on-board guidance computer program .. computer program. computer program. European Space Agency. European Space Agency. prototype. Ariane 5 Flight 501. Ariane 5. Ariane 5. In June 1994 , a Royal Air Force Chinook helicopter crashed into the Mull of Kintyre , killing 29 .. Chinook. CH-47 Chinook. crashed. 1994 Scotland RAF Chinook crash. Mull of Kintyre. Mull of Kintyre. This was initially dismissed as pilot error , but an investigation by Computer Weekly convinced a House of Lords inquiry that it may have been caused by a software bug in the aircraft 's engine control computer .. Computer Weekly. Computer Weekly. House of Lords. House of Lords. engine control computer. FADEC. In 2002 , a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce 's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that `` software bugs , or errors , are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $ 59 billion annually , or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product '' .. Department of Commerce. Department of Commerce. National Institute of Standards and Technology. National Institute of Standards and Technology