The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to a human from Holland.
The Netherlands , -LRB- -LSB- ˈnɛðərləndz -RSB- Nederland -LSB- ˈneːdərˌlɑnt -RSB- ; Nederlan -RRB- also known informally as Holland , is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands .. Holland. Holland. constituent country. Kingdom of the Netherlands#Countries. Kingdom of the Netherlands. Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean.designated Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba within ISO ISO 3166-1 .. Caribbean. Caribbean. Bonaire. Bonaire. Sint Eustatius. Sint Eustatius. Saba. Saba. Western Europe. Western Europe. three island territories. Caribbean Netherlands. ISO. International Organization for Standardization. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany .. Germany. Germany. Belgium. Belgium. North Sea. North Sea. United Kingdom. United Kingdom. The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht -LRB- collectively known as G4 -RRB- .. Amsterdam. Amsterdam. The Hague. The Hague. Rotterdam. Rotterdam. Utrecht. Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country 's capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government .. Amsterdam. Amsterdam. Dutch. Dutch people. The Hague. The Hague. parliament. parliament. government. Cabinet of the Netherlands. The port of Rotterdam is the world 's largest port outside East-Asia , and the largest port in Europe .. Rotterdam. Rotterdam. port of Rotterdam. port of Rotterdam. The name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.Formally ` Holland ' refers only to two of the country 's twelve provinces  : North Holland and South Holland .. Holland. Holland. `` Netherlands '' literally means `` lower countries '' , influenced by its low land and flat geography , with only about 50 % of its land exceeding one metre above sea level .. lower countries. Lower Countries. above sea level. Above mean sea level. Most of the areas below sea level are artificial .. Since the late 16th century , large areas -LRB- polders -RRB- have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes , amounting to nearly 17 % of the country 's current land mass .. reclaimed. land reclamation. With a population density of 412 people per km2 -- 507 -LRB- January 2017 -RRB- if water is excluded -- the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country .. population density. population density. very densely populated country. List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density. Only Bangladesh , South Korea , and Taiwan have both a larger population and higher population density .. population density. population density. Bangladesh. Bangladesh. South Korea. South Korea. Taiwan. Taiwan. Nevertheless , the Netherlands is the world 's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products , after the United States .. This is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate .. The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have an elected parliament , and since 1848 it has been governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , organised as a unitary state .. parliamentary. parliamentary system. constitutional monarchy. constitutional monarchy. parliament. parliament. democracy. democracy. unitary state. unitary state. The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country , having legalised abortion , prostitution and euthanasia , while maintaining a progressive drugs policy .. liberal. liberalism. abortion. Abortion in the Netherlands. prostitution. Prostitution in the Netherlands. euthanasia. Euthanasia in the Netherlands. drugs policy. drug policy of the Netherlands. In 2001 , it became the world 's first country to legalise same-sex marriage .. same-sex marriage. same-sex marriage in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G-10 , NATO , OECD and WTO ; as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union .. European Union. Eurozone. Eurozone. G-10. Group of Ten ( economic ). NATO. NATO. OECD. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. WTO. World Trade Organization. Schengen Area. Schengen Area. Benelux. Benelux. The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts  : the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the International Court of Justice , the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon .. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Permanent Court of Arbitration. Permanent Court of Arbitration. International Court of Justice. International Court of Justice. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. International Criminal Court. International Criminal Court. Special Tribunal for Lebanon. Special Tribunal for Lebanon. The first four are situated in The Hague , as is the EU 's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust .. The Hague. The Hague. European Union. Europol. Europol. Eurojust. Eurojust. This has led to the city being dubbed `` the world 's legal capital . ''. The country also ranks second highest in the world 's 2016 Press Freedom Index , as published by Reporters Without Borders .. Press Freedom Index. Press Freedom Index. Reporters Without Borders. Reporters Without Borders. The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy , ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom .. Index of Economic Freedom. Index of Economic Freedom. It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund .. thirteenth-highest. list of countries by GDP ( PPP ) per capita. International Monetary Fund. International Monetary Fund. In 2013 , the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world , reflecting its high quality of life .. United Nations. United Nations. World Happiness Report. World Happiness Report. The Netherlands also ranks joint third highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index , along with Australia .. joint third highest. List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI. Australia. Australia