Henry III's father was King John.
John -LRB- 24 December 1166 -- 19 October 1216 -RRB- , also known as John Lackland -LRB- Norman French  : Johan sanz Terre -RRB- , was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death in 1216 .. King of England. King of England. Norman French. Anglo-Norman language. Norman. Normans. John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France , resulting in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century .. Angevin. House of Angevin. Duchy of Normandy. Duchy of Normandy. Philip II of France. Philip II of France. Angevin Empire. Angevin Empire. Capetian dynasty. Capetian dynasty. The baronial revolt at the end of John 's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta , a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom .. baronial revolt. First Barons' War. Magna Carta. Magna Carta. constitution of the United Kingdom. constitution of the United Kingdom. John , the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine , was at first not expected to inherit significant lands .. Henry II of England. Henry II of England. Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor of Aquitaine. Henry. Henry the Young King. Following the failed rebellion of his elder brothers between 1173 and 1174 , however , John became Henry 's favourite child .. failed rebellion. Revolt of 1173–74. Henry. Henry the Young King. He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent .. Lord of Ireland. Lord of Ireland. John 's elder brothers William , Henry and Geoffrey died young ; by the time Richard I became king in 1189 , John was a potential heir to the throne .. Richard I. Richard I of England. William. William IX, Count of Poitiers. Henry. Henry the Young King. Geoffrey. Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany. John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard 's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade .. Third Crusade. Third Crusade. Despite this , after Richard died in 1199 , John was proclaimed King of England , and came to an agreement with Philip II of France to recognise John 's possession of the continental Angevin lands at the peace treaty of Le Goulet in 1200 .. King of England. King of England. Angevin. House of Angevin. Philip II of France. Philip II of France. treaty of Le Goulet. treaty of Le Goulet. When war with France broke out again in 1202 , John achieved early victories , but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman , Breton and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204 .. Norman. Normans. Breton. Breton people. Anjou. Anjou. John spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands , raising huge revenues , reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances .. John 's judicial reforms had a lasting impact on the English common law system , as well as providing an additional source of revenue .. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John 's excommunication in 1209 , a dispute finally settled by the king in 1213 .. Pope Innocent III. Pope Innocent III. excommunication. excommunication. John 's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed due to the French victory over John 's allies at the battle of Bouvines .. battle of Bouvines. battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England , John faced a rebellion by many of his barons , who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England 's most powerful nobles .. Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215 , neither side complied with its conditions .. Magna Carta. Magna Carta. Civil war broke out shortly afterwards , with the barons aided by Louis of France .. Civil war. First Barons' War. Louis of France. Louis VIII of France. It soon descended into a stalemate .. John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216 ; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year .. Henry III. Henry III of England. Henry. Henry the Young King. dysentery. dysentery. Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John 's performance as king , and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards .. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John 's positive qualities , observing that John is today usually considered a `` hard-working administrator , an able man , an able general '' .. Jim Bradbury. Jim Bradbury. Nonetheless , modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king , including what historian Ralph Turner describes as `` distasteful , even dangerous personality traits '' , such as pettiness , spitefulness and cruelty .. These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era , and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture , primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends .. Victorian era. Victorian literature. Robin Hood. Robin Hood