Conspiracy theories are a most elaborate form of gossip. They have a long tradition and arise preferably during times of drawn out crises, as for example the Corona-pandemic. Hard-wired anxiety, personal powerlessness, palpable socioeconomic consequences, complex causes and insufficient solutions, disconcerting leadership and modern means of communication form fertile ground for conspiracy theories. They are much more than a peculiar marginal phenomenon as they undermine concerted action and distort open discussions, spreading germs and doubts, increasing risks and costs. This paper describes individual, social and communicative mechanisms underlying conspiracy theories and their inclusive ("we, who know"), conclusive (cognitive closure versus inconclusive facts) and exclusive effects ("we versus the establishment and the ignorants").
[The COVID - Conspiracy: Theory and Practice].