OBJECTIVES: Older adults face greater health risks due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet preventative social distancing measures may cause increased social isolation, potentially heightening risk of loneliness In this mixed-methods study we examine changes in older adults' loneliness due to social distancing, explore variability in perceptions, and identify whether such changes differ by rurality METHODS: A Midwestern sample of 76 older adults aged 70-97 (mean age = 82;74% female;95% White;39% rural) completed a phone interview about their experiences with social distancing due to COVID-19 Interviews were conducted during early weeks of regional social distancing Participants completed retrospective and current assessments of loneliness, including providing explanations of their responses RESULTS: On average, loneliness increased during early social distancing, yet variability was evident Those experiencing increased loneliness described a feeling of loss or lack of control, whereas those experiencing stability in loneliness identified adaptability in social connection modes or feeling accustomed to social isolation Rural older adults experienced a significantly smaller increase in loneliness than their nonrural counterparts DISCUSSION: These findings suggest nuanced experiences among older adults, but generally negative implications for loneliness Interventions to address older adults' social isolation and loneliness during COVID-19 are warranted
Older Adults' Loneliness in Early COVID-19 Social Distancing: Implications of Rurality