The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the way we work, learn, and interact with others in society Academic institutions have responded to the pandemic by shifting face-to-face teaching to online instruction However, whether online instruction succeeds also depends on students’ social and physical learning environment, particularly in developing countries In this paper, we discuss how learning space challenges exacerbate the digital divide We argue that weak digital infrastructure, combined with family and social dynamics, create learning space inequality that negatively influence learning outcomes We provide recommendations on how academic institutions can reimagine content delivery, evaluation, and student support to mitigate learning space inequalities
Physical Learning Environment Challenges in the Digital Divide: How to Design Effective Instruction during COVID-19?