In this study, we prepared two new formulations of bivalent vaccine, live and inactivated vaccine formulations for Newcastle (Clone30 or Lasota) and infectious bronchitis virus strains Inactivated vaccine was based on either the use of ISA71 VG oil (Seppic, France) or Gel01 polymer (Seppic, France) adjuvants The prepared live vaccines were delivered via oral route in drinking water and the prepared inactivated vaccines were delivered via spray route and/ or subcutaneous injection in specific pathogen-free chickens Cell-mediated and humeral immune responses were evaluated as well as challenge trial was carried out Results showed that the use of live clone30 vaccine gave almost the same protective level as Lasota live vaccine without any adverse post-vaccinal reactions observed in live Lasota vaccination In addition, the bivalent live vaccine produced the same results as the prepared monovalent live vaccines and the use of bivalent inactivated vaccine gave highly protective level like monovalent inactivated vaccines The use of polymer Montanide adjuvant revealed that it can enhance the cell mediated immune response as indicated by lymphocyte blastogenesis assay and can induce protection against challenge with Newcastle disease and Infectious bronchitis viruses The prepared clone30 live and inactivated vaccines found to be effective for vaccinating poultry against Newcastle disease Also, the use of bivalent vaccine of Clone30 and Infectious bronchitis saved the cost and loads of multiple vaccinations and had an economic aspect The current study demonstrates that Bivalent vaccines are better in saving the cost and load of multiple vaccinations and in case of inactivated vaccine use, polymer adjuvants may be applied via the spray route permitting mass application, this will add value to improve the vaccination strategies against ND and Infectious bronchitis viruses
Improved bivalent live and inactivated clone 30 and infectious bronchitis virus vaccine