Adopting an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, this study examined Singaporean primary school students’ changes in reading enjoyment, reading amount, and their access to resources in print and digital formats during the COVID-19 school closure Survey data showed reading was a more preferred leisure activity during the school closure Students’ reading enjoyment prior to the closure was positively correlated with changes in their reading enjoyment and reading amount during the closure, for both print and digital formats Despite the ubiquity of devices, devices were underutilised for reading purposes Students demonstrated a clear preference for print reading over reading digitally both before and during the school closure and relied more on home than online resources for reading materials Changes in time spent on devices during school closure were not related to changes in digital reading amount, but negatively related to changes in reading enjoyment and print reading amount over the same period, suggesting more time on devices may not naturally lead to more reading digitally Qualitative results revealed several challenges students faced with reading digitally While students were digital natives in terms of using technology for entertainment purposes, they had difficulty locating digital reading materials as few students were socialised into using technology for reading When it comes to reading, we propose that primary school students are print natives who are generally more familiar with reading in print and prefer print Some inherent limitations of digital reading that restrict continuous reading (e g , eye strain, reliance on power supply, cumbersome navigability) may prevent students from embracing the new form of reading
The COVID-19 school closure effect on students’ print and digital leisure reading