SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) is a virus specific multitasking protein, responsible for recognition and encapsidation of the viral genome. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of N-protein has a major role of packaging viral RNA genome into a long helical nucleocapsid structure. In this study, using structure-based drug repurposing strategy, small molecules from a FDA approved, natural product, and LOPAC1280 libraries have been virtually screened against the RNA binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 NTD and twelve candidate molecules with high binding affinity were identified. Highly sensitive isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) method was utilized to confirm binding of these molecules to purified NTD protein. In vitro cell-based SARS-CoV-2 antiviral assays demonstrate that nine of these identified molecules are highly efficacious in inhibiting virus replication with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) ranging from 0.98 μM-10 μM. FDA approved drugs: Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist used in the management of hypertension and Bictegravir, an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor showed significant inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 with a EC50 values of 1.02 μM and 8.11 μM respectively. Additionally, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, a natural analogue of curcumin and MCC-555, an anti-diabetic drug exerted antiviral activity with EC50 values of 1.64 μM and 4.26 μM, respectively. Taken together, this is the first report of drug molecules targeting the NTD of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein and the data presented in this study exhibit high potential for development of COVID-19 therapy based on drug repurposing.
Discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 molecules using structure-assisted repurposing approach targeting N-protein