Psychologists demonstrate implanting non-believed false memories in troubling studyMadison Ruppert, Contributor In 2010, Giuliana Mazzoni and Lucy Harvey of the University of Hall in the UK along with Alan Scoboria of the University of Windsor conducted a survey of over 1,500 undergraduate students. These researchers found that almost an entire quarter of the individuals surveyed reported having a memory of an event which they know or believe did not actually happen. Now a group of psychologists including Andrew Clark, Robert Nash, Gabrielle Fincham, and Giuliana Mazzoni have conducted a three-stage study which was actually able to produce false memories which persisted despite the fact that the participants knew, and no longer believed, they had ever performed the actions. As per usual, a certain amount of deception was involved in the study. Twenty participants were brought to a psychology lab for what they thought was a study dealing with mimicry. They were filmed as they sat across from a research associate and repeated the actions of the researcher. Actions were simple and included snapping fingers, clapping hands, rubbing the table, etc. Each participant would watch the researcher passively then mimic their actions. In total, 26 different actions were mimicked by each participant. However, this time two clips had been manipulated to show the participant passively watching the researcher perform actions that were actually never part of the original sessions. BPS Research Digest explains, Because the participants had earlier mimicked all the actions that theyd witnessed, the doctored footage gave the strong impression that they must have mimicked those two new actions even though they hadnt. This set-up provided a powerful means of inducing false memories 68 per cent of the participants memory ratings for the fake actions suggested they remembered performing the actions. Their belief that theyd performed these actions was similar in strength to their memories. Four hours later the participants were brought back into the lab for a final session during which they were told that they had been tricked. Participants were then asked to provide memory and belief ratings for the different actions which showed that for a whopping 25 percent of fake actions, participants reported stronger memory scores than belief scores. This means that their false memories of having performed actions which never occurred continued to be held even after they no longer believed that they had ever performed the actions. Not only does this raise some questions about the reliability of memory and perception, but it also raises some major ethical questions dealing with this type of memory research. To the extent that debriefing might not always completely undo the effects of suggestive manipulation, we might question the ethics of inducing false memories in experimental participants, Clark said. Is it ethical for participants to leave research labs with remnants of non-believed false memory content in the forefront of their minds? Future research into this type of memory, known as non-believed memory, will likely explore if belief is required for the initial creation of memories, even if that belief is later eliminated as it was when subjects were debriefed in the study. Or, alternatively, said the researchers, can memories form completely in the absence of belief? One must wonder, when you combine weaponized hallucinations like those being developed by DARPA and findings like these, could people soon have completely fabricated memories implanted in their minds? After all, Putin reportedly confirmed that Russia is actively working on psychotronic weaponry, so it can only be expected that we are going to leverage findings like these and related technology to psychologically terrorize the supposed enemy. Id love to hear your opinion, take a look at your story tips, and even your original writing if you would like to get it published. Please email me at Admin@EndtheLie.com Please support our work and help us start to pay contributors by doing your shopping through our Amazon link or check out some must-have products at our store. This article first appeared at End the Lie. Madison Ruppert is the Editor and Owner-Operator of the alternative news and analysis database End The Lie and has no affiliation with any NGO, political party, economic school, or other organization/cause. He is available for podcast and radio interviews. Madison also now has his own radio show on Orion Talk Radio from 8 pm 10 pm Pacific, which you can find HERE. If you have questions, comments, or corrections feel free to contact him at admin@EndtheLie.com linkwithin_text=Related Articles: 