The new U.S. commander in Afghanistan has ordered a 60-day review of the entire military mission to identify better ways to separate the population from insurgents, an assessment that is expected to lead to new economic and military steps to carve fighters off from the Taliban. Over the next week, the commander, Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal, is scheduled to crisscross Afghanistan to meet provincial leaders, villagers and U.S. and allied officials, while counterinsurgency experts from inside and outside the government assist in the top-to-bottom review. Although the review is in preliminary stages, McChrystal is already pledging to expand the fight beyond the purely military campaign to defeat the insurgents. 'The measure of effectiveness will not be enemy killed,' McChrystal told a Senate committee at his confirmation hearing on June 2. 'It will be the number of Afghans shielded from violence.' The comment was viewed as significant coming from McChrystal, who was trained in 'hearts and minds' counterinsurgency theory as a young Green Beret but more recently spent five years commanding the most secret capture-or-kill teams in Iraq and Afghanistan. McChrystal took command this week, as the U.S. military starts to double its personnel in Afghanistan, to about 68,000, by late summer. Military planners predict that the increased troop presence will allow the military to raise the stakes on insurgent 'day fighters' who pick up arms less for ideology than for money to survive. Until now, they could join the insurgency ad hoc and at relatively little risk of being captured, wounded or killed. 'We are going to bring the hurt to the insurgency and offer them an existential choice,' said another military officer. 'Those who are ideologically committed -- we don't expect them to change. They will fight, and they will die,' the officer said. 'But for the many for whom ideology is not the motivation, we are going to offer them a serious motivation to stop, to make another choice.' The key is creating other employment. Advisers to McChrystal acknowledge that the increase in troop levels must be complemented by more civilian support for the Afghan government as it struggles to deliver economic opportunities, education, health care and a rule of law. One key will be increasing the size and professionalism of Afghanistan's security forces. Another will be assuring that farmers who agree to cultivate legitimate crops will be protected from intimidation by narcotics bosses. 