Rigging Foreign Exchange MarketsStephen Lendman Grand theft reflects official Wall Street policy. Its longstanding. High crimes go unpunished. Bankers make money the old-fashioned way. They steal it. They do it lots of clever ways. They do it through fraud, grand theft, market manipulation, front-running, misrepresentation, scamming investors, naked short selling, precious metals price suppression, controlling Washington, getting open-ended low or no interest rate bailouts when needed, and assuring world financial capitals are banker occupied territories. They do it artfully. Few people know whats going on. Scandals rarely surface. Budding ones are usually buried. Little more than dust gets kicked up. Headlines disappear in short order. In June 2012, JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon testified before the Senate Banking Committee. He discussed his firms trading losses at the time. It was more of a homecoming than grilling. Washington is Wall Street occupied territory. Regulators dont regulate. Oversight is absent. Investigations rarely happen. Initiated ones are whitewashed. Criminal fraud is institutionalized. Its encouraged, not curbed. Congress, the administration, SEC, and credit rating agencies incestuously collude with giant banks and other major financial institutions. Whatever they want, they get. Wall Street never had it so good. Senators didnt lay a glove on Dimon. His grand theft business model wasnt discussed. He coined the term control fraud. It lets corporate officials commit grand theft. Finance capital never had it so good. Trillions of dollars are stolen. Nothing intervenes to stop it. MF Global (MFG) looted customer accounts. Former Goldman Sachs chairman/CEO Jon Corzine ran operations. MFG faced a run on its holdings. In October 2011, it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Months before doing so, it moved hundreds of millions of dollars in customer money from its US brokerage unit to Bank of New York Mellon Corp. It looted them. It used client money to speculate, pay down debt and cover losses. It committed grand theft. Its longstanding Wall Street practice. Why not when rare punishments at most are wrist slaps. Top Wall Street officials arent punished. They free to steal again. Markets are rigged. Movements up or down arent random. The Wall Street controlled Fed and high-level insiders manipulate them for profits. Washington facilitates their lawlessness. It does it with business friendly legislation. It does it with similar executive orders. It does it by turning a blind to the worst of what goes one. Market rigging is longstanding practice. Its part of the system.On March 18, 1989, Ronald Reagans Executive Order 12631 created the Working Group on Financial Markets (WGFM). Its commonly called the Plunge Protection Team (PPT). Officials involved (or their designees) include: PPTs Purposes and Functions: Recognizing the goals of enhancing the integrity, efficiency, orderliness, and competitiveness of our Nations financial markets. (T)he Working Group shall identify and consider: (1) the major issues raised by the numerous studies on the events (pertaining to the) October 19, 1987 (market crash and consider) recommendations that have the potential to achieve the goals noted above; and (2).governmental (and other) actions under existing laws and regulations.that are appropriate to carry out these recommendations. Government and Wall Street collude. They manipulate markets doing so. They move them up and down. Enormous profits are made both ways. Most people dont know what goes on. Wall Street/Washington invisible hands work better than Adam Smith imagined. They do it in dirty ways unknown in his day. Mythology holds that prices move up or down randomly. Market forces do so, its claimed. Manipulation isnt mentioned. Its commonplace. Its longstanding. Tools are much more sophisticated than earlier. Computer technology facilitates blatantly illegal practices. The 1934 Gold Reserve Act created the Treasurys Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF). Section 7 of the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreements made its operations permanent. The Treasury runs the Fund. Congressional oversight is bypassed. Manipulation keeps sharp dollar fluctuations up or down from disrupting financial markets. Treasury operations include stabilizing foreign currencies, extending credit lines to foreign governments, and guaranteeing money market funds against losses up to tens of billions of dollars. In 1995, Clinton provided Mexico a $20 billion peso credit stabilization line. It did so in time of crisis. Earlier administrations extended loans or credit lines to various other countries. Current US lending to the IMF tops $35 billion. Years earlier it was $57 billion. In 2009, Congress expanded contributions by $108 billion. The Treasurys web site states: By law, the Secretary has considerable discretion in the use of ESF resources. The legal basis of the ESF is the Gold Reserve Act of 1934. As amended in the late 1970s.the Secretary (per) approval of the President, may deal in gold, foreign exchange, and other instruments of credit and securities. In other words, the Treasury maintains a slush fund. It uses it for whatever purposes it wishes. It manipulates markets. It operates secretly. In 1999, the Counterparty Risk Management Policy Group (CRMPG) was established. It followed the Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) crisis. CRMPG manipulates markets beneficially for Wall Street giants. It lets them collude through large-scale program trading. Doing so manipulates markets up and down advantageously. Troubled giants get bailed out. Ordinary people get sold out. The process repeats as needed. A secret FDIC plan involves looting bank accounts. Depositor theft may follow. Doing so is called bail-ins. Its code language for grand theft. Ordinary people and richer ones have trillions in bank accounts. Its low-hanging fruit. Its a treasure trove begging to be looted. Legislative shenanigans may legitimize it. Cypriot officials did it. Canada approved it. So did Eurozone member states and New Zealand. Its theft by other means. Leading US banks warned about charging depositors. They may do so if the Fed cuts interest it pays them on bank reserves. Imagine being charged for checking, savings and/or money market accounts. Depositors already earn virtually nothing on them. Penalizing them further may follow. Libor markets are rigged. Its an acronym for London Interbank Offered Rate. Its a fundamental rate-setting benchmark. Its set daily between UK banks for overnight to 12 month durations. Its produced for ten currencies with 15 maturities. It represents the London markets lowest cost of unsecured funding. Its the primary global short-term rate benchmark. In the 1980s, it began expanding exponentially in importance. Londons status grew as an international financial center. Its the worlds largest. It handles over 20% of all international bank lending. More than 30% of foreign exchange transactions go through London. Demand grew for an accurate measure of the real rate at which banks and other financial institutions could borrow from each other. It affects the price and availability of capital. The higher Libor goes, the greater the borrowing cost for business, individuals, real estate and other loans. When things work right, operations are hardly noticed. When trouble occurs, all hell breaks loose. Libor rigging affects countless trillions of dollars. Amounts involved exceed global GDP multiple times over. Predatory banks manipulate things advantageously. Practices are too corrupted to fix. The longer they go unaddressed, the more harm done. Financial giants, central bankers and complicit politicians bear full responsibility. Dirty policies persist out-of-control. Libor rigging is one of many manipulative market practices. Systemic corruption breeds more of the same. An illusion of stability conceals business as usual. Gold and other precious metals markets are rigged. Naked short selling offsets rising bullion demand. Prices are driven lower. Naked shorts reflect what sellers dont have. Its illegal. It persists anyway. Bullion prices would be much higher otherwise. Eventually theyll rise to their true value. When remains to be seen. QE reflects Fed market rigging. Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities are bought. Too-big-to-fail banks hold enormous amounts of junk. Fed buying substitutes dollars for toxic assets. Banks get lots of cash to speculate. Markets are manipulated up in response. Its artificial. Its not real. It cant last. It continues until bubbles eventually pop. Foreign exchange markets are rigged. On October 12, The Economist headlined The FX is in, saying: Its been a dreadful couple of years for financial benchmarks. Banks rig libor. Commodities prices from crude oil to platinum have been the subject of allegations and inquiries. Authorities now scrutinize global foreign exchange (FX) markets. Trillions of dollars are involved daily. (S)uspect banks have tampered with those, too. On October 4,Reutersheadlined Switzerland probes banks over possible forex rigging. FINMA said its currently (investigating) several Swiss financial institutions in connection with possible manipulation of foreign exchange markets. Its coordinating with regulators in other countries. (M)ultiple banks around the world are potentially implicated. UBS is Switzerlands largest bank. It was fined $2.7 billion for market rigging. Credit Suisse may be involved. So are major Wall Street banks. Bloomberg said major ones use advance customer order knowledge to push through trades manipulatively. They colluded with other banks doing so. FX markets are poorly regulated. Most trading takes place away from exchanges. Its a shadowy anything goes realm. Price rigging is standard practice. Hundreds of banks trade currencies. Four dominate the market: Deutsche Bank, Citigroup, Barclays and UBS. Concerns center around whats known as the London Fix. Its a daily snapshot of currency prices. Enormous shifts happen during a 60-second window before 4PM London time. Its when markets are especially liquid. Banks set a certain rate for trades of one currency against another. Shortly afterwards, prices revert to normal rates. Forex traders call the practice banging the close. It reflects blatant market manipulation. Betting the right way yields huge profits in seconds. A fraction of a cent is all it takes. Trading involves a measure called a pip. It represents one basis point or 1/100th of 1%. Multiple trades near the London Fix can yield enormous profits. Repeating the process many times daily multiplies it hugely. A few pips in the right direction is all it takes. The so-called WM/Reuters (WMR) rate works as follows. Its when more than 40% of daily global FX trading is done. Its the nearest thing to a closing price in a 24-hour, self-regulated market. Unwary traders are fleeced big time. Banks know big trades theyll execute on behalf of others. Moving forex prices ahead of the fix yields big profits. Major banks do it at the expense of unsuspecting clients. According to New York Universitys Stern School of Business Professor Marti Subrahmanyan: Theres no policeman. These things have sort of fallen through the cracks. Foreign exchange is really nobodys kind of baby. Major forex traders collude in electronic messaging groups. Theyre called the bandits club and the cartel. They profit at the expense of clients. They do so by manipulating markets up or down. Regulators do virtually nothing to stop it. Investigations come and go. Minor penalties at most are imposed. Its part of the system. It shifts enormous wealth to major players. Forex trading is a buyers beware market. Traders call it the wild west. Volatility is valued. Sharply enough rice movements create profit opportunities. Stability minimizes them. Manipulation is part of the system. Forex trading shenanigans reflect grand theft. Who said crime doesnt pay? Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago and can be reached at lendmanstephen@sbcglobal.net.His new book is titled How Wall Street Fleeces America: Privatized Banking, Government Collusion and Class War.Also visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com and listen to cutting-edge discussions with distinguished guests on the Progressive Radio News Hour on the Progressive Radio Network Thursdays at 10AM US Central time and Saturdays and Sundays at noon. All programs are archived for easy listening.http://www.progressiveradionetwork.com/the-progressive-news-hour/ 