Q:

What exactly were the controller roles in the Apollo go/no-go calls?

In the Apollo era, whenever there was a significant event about to occur, the flight director (I can recall the voice of Gene Kranz) would do a sort of go/no-go "roll call". He would call off names like "fido", "gido"(?), etc. (obviously shortened from a more meaningful title), to which someone would respond with a "go" (don't ever recall hearing a "no go"). Views of the controller room showed perhaps dozens of people; the director called off maybe 7 names.
What were the short names short for (what was the full title and scope of responsibility), and how was a room full of controllers organized so that only a short call-off list properly represented an over-all "go"/"no-go" status?

A:

That "GIDO" would probably be "GUIDO" (Guidance Officer). Here's some of the most common Apollo program flight controller station call signs (from linked to Wikipedia page):

Common flight control positions

Flight Director (FLIGHT)
Mission Operations Directorate (MOD)
Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM)
Flight Surgeon (SURGEON)
Public Affairs Officer (PAO)

Apollo flight control positions

Booster Systems Engineer (BOOSTER)
Control Officer (CONTROL)
Electrical, Environmental and Consumables Manager (EECOM)
Flight Activities Officer (FAO)
Flight Dynamics Officer (FDO or FIDO)
Guidance Officer (GUIDANCE or GUIDO)
Guidance, Navigation, and Controls Systems Engineer (GNC)
Instrumentation and Communications Officer (INCO)
Network (NETWORK)
Organization and Procedures Officer (O&P)
Retrofire Officer (RETRO)
Telemetry, Electrical, EVA Mobility Unit Officer (TELMU)

Please see the links for stations' descriptions. Also see Wikipedia on Launch status check (maybe it would be a better source for the quote above... shrug).

