3 Introduction These regulations are made up from several parts. These parts contain the relevant information for a haulier that undertakes road transport of product under the responsibility for or ordered by Tata Steel. The following table of contents shows the Road Regulation documents that are currently applied on the IJmuiden site of Tata Steel Europe and should be known to the haulier before they enter the site. Tata Steel Europe is currently undertaking a project to unify its Load Securing methods and systems across the company. This has resulted in the inclusion of two types of load restraint documents into these Road Regulation. A conscious decision has been made to identify these two different documents so that the haulier can identify which method has been adopted by all Tata Steel Europe sites and which method is to be applied for transport under the responsibility of or ordered by Tata Steel in IJmuiden. i

7 1. Site access/procedures 1.1 Access control A driver must have the following documents and information to gain entrance to the loading locations of Tata Steel: Identification document Company name Registration of towing vehicle Number of transport Total weight of the load to be loaded Access will be refused when the driver: Has any blood alcohol level Is accompanied by pets or unauthorised passengers. Demonstrates inappropriate behaviour Drivers are obliged to show their personal protection equipment when asked to do so at the time of request for access or at any time whilst on site. 1-1

8 1. 1. Site access/procedures 1.2 Personal protection equipment Drivers must have and use the following personal protection equipment: Hard hat to EN 397: 1995 Yellow and orange coloured hats are not allowed. Safety shoes with reinforced toecaps to EN 20345: 2004 type S3. Clothing to cover the entire body. Shorts or short sleeves are not allowed. Reflective clothing/vest. The following additional personal protection equipment is required depending on the location for loading: Safety goggles to EN 166: 2001 Hearing protection The use of the following personal protective equipment is recommended: Cut-protection safety gloves 1-2

9 1. 1. Site access/procedures 1.3 Personal behaviour Drivers are required to work in a safe way and behave according to general standards at both loading and unloading locations. Drivers must: Adhere to the Tata Steel General Safety Standards. Wear the prescribed personal protection equipment. Strictly follow the safety regulations at the locations for loading. Wear a valid admission pass where it can be clearly seen. Always apply the handbrake whenever the vehicle is parked. Report to the dispatch office on arrival. Stay with the vehicle. Always use the roof pole to open of close the roof of the trailer in a safe way. Only drive their vehicle into the loading bay after receiving permission from the dispatch staff. Strictly follow the instructions of the dispatch staff. Stay within the green area of the exclusion zones during loading. At least secure the load as described in the Tata Steel Road Regulations. Fill in and sign the CMR document (waybill) after the loading is completed and before departure. Make remarks on the CMR when the load is not delivered properly. Notify the dispatch staff when departing. Drivers must not: Open or close the roof in an unsafe way. Never climb on the weather hood. Be in the red or yellow areas of the exclusion zone during loading. Touch the load or the hoist, or guide these by hand. Operate installations belonging to Tata Steel, for example cranes and fork-lift trucks. Enter any other part of the loading bay than where the loading takes place. Urinate elsewhere than on a therefore equipped place (toilet). 1-3

10 1. 1. Site access/procedures Blank page 1-4

11 2. Equipment requirements 2.1 General requirement The vehicle and equipment must be maintained in such a way that it is safe to work on and with. 2.2 Vehicle requirements DME Vehicles loading in IJmuiden must meet the Euro 4 of Euro 5 norm. Euro 3 vehicles will only be accepted with a particle filter filtering for at least 70%. Euro 1 en 2 vehicles are not permitted Headboard If used to restrain the load the headboard strength must be atoneable by form of a certificate or plaque. The head board must be well maintained and undamaged Trailer Floor The loading platform should be flat, solid and well-maintained. When a coil well is present it must be possible to fully cover the well to present a solid loading platform. There should be no missing or broken boards for covering a coil well. Refer to Technical Information sheet TIS-0003 for further requirements for well boards. There should be no risk of the load becoming wet from underneath. The trailer bed must be clean and dry when the vehicle arrives for loading. Clean means: free of odour, dirt and fluids. If the Tata Steel dispatcher decides the trailer is not clean it will not be loaded. 2-1

12 2. Equipment Requirements Well (Trailers and Coiltainers) The sides of the well should have an minimum angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal. A coil placed in the well must be clear of the bottom by at least 20 mm. Well width Coil diameter The points of support of the coil must be distinctly lower than the upper rim of the well. When it is unclear if the coil lies correctly in the well, a sheet of paper will be used to check that the point of support is lower than the upper rim of the well. ± 30 degrees Point of support At least 20 mm from the bottom Stanchions (coil securing posts) The use of stanchions is recommended, especially for coils in a well. The use of stanchions is mandatory for transport of coils sensitive for tipping and/or are of 10 tonnes or more in weight. Refer to LRG 0008 for further information on topple sensitive coils and coil weights. The use of stanchions is allowed combined with all securing methods for horizontal and vertical (ETTS) coils and Tinplate sheet packs. A driver must be able to prove the safe working load of the stanchions to make it possible to calculate whether the load securing is sufficient. Stanchions must at least be as high as half the height of the coil when placed in the well Securing points The securing points should be integrated in the vehicle construction. Each securing point should be capable of withstanding the prescribed forces as described in the Load Restrain Guideline for the load to be transported. 2-2

13 2. Equipment Requirements There should be enough securing points for securing according to the prescribed securing methods. Refer to Technical Information Sheet TIS-0009 for further requirements for securing points Weather superstructure Products must be covered in such a way that they remain dry. The weather hood must be retractable so that it does not interfere with the loading process. When the weather hood is not retractable it should be possible to remove the weather hood rapidly and in a way that the driver can always work safely on the trailer bed. Trailers which have a framework and cover to be disassembled before loading and have to be setup after loading, are not permitted. The weather superstructure must be at least 10 cm above the load. The weather hood should not have any tears or other deficiencies that could result in leakage. When loading ETTS coils, tinplate packages or horizontal coils on a Tata Steel cradle the trailer must be accessible from the back and the side Roof Pole The roof should always be opened with suitable equipment (roof pole). The roof pole must be in good condition and well-maintained. Before using a telescopic roof pole one must determine the locking pin functions correctly and that the pole can be used safely. 2-3

14 2. Equipment Requirements 2.3 Securing equipment requirements Webbing straps and ratchets Requirements Straps should demonstrable comply with the EN standard, by means of a label on the web lashing and a classification on the ratchet. The strap must have a hand-operated ratchet tensioner. The length of the straps has to be sufficient for the securing method. Straps with a minimum length of 8.5 m are required for securing ETTS coils. Straps should be visually inspected before every journey. The end fitting of the strap must be suitable for the type of securing point used. Refer to Technical Information Sheet TIS-0003 for further requirements for web straps and ratchets. No-go standard In accordance with EN , TIS-0003 and information from the manufacturer Transport chains and tensioners Requirements Lashing chains must demonstrable comply with the EN standard, by means of a metal tag attached to the chain. Lashing chains should be visually inspected before every journey. The use of spring links (overcentre loadbinders) is not permitted. The end fitting of the chain must be suitable for the type of securing point used. Refer to Technical Information Sheet TIS-0004 for further requirements for transport chains and tensioners. No-go standard In accordance with EN , TIS-0004 and information from the manufacturer. 2-4

15 2. Equipment Requirements Webbing strap edge protection Requirements Edge protectors must consist of products available as such on the market. The use of friction enhancing material (anti slip matting) is not permitted. The use of edge protection is mandatory for loads were the edge radius is less than the thickness of the web lashing used. The shape and size of edge protectors must fit the used loading restraint material. Refer to Technical Information Sheet TIS-0005 for further requirements for webbing strap edge protection. No-go standard An edge protector needs replacement when damage to the protector hinders the correct working of the protector therefore leading to the possibility of damage to either the webbing strap or the load Anti-slip matting Requirements The anti-slip mats should have friction coefficient (μ) of 0.6 or more. The anti-slip mats should have a thickness of at least 8 mm. Refer to Technical Information Sheet TIS-0008 for further requirements for anti-slip matting. Use Anti-slip mats must be placed in a way the load doesn t touch the trailer bed directly and the trailer bed will not be touched after a small movement of the load. Anti-slip mats must remain partly visible when placed under a load No-go standard When the anti-slip mat is breaking apart the material should be replaced. When the friction coefficient of the anti-slip mats is questionable, the driver or carrier will have to prove that the mats have the required friction coefficient. Old conveyer belt, bike tyre and so on are not made of anti slip material. 2-5

16 2. Equipment Requirements Coil Cradles When a horizontal coil has to be transported on a trailer without a well the coil can be supported by a cradle. The requirements of the cradle are as follows: The cradle should provide a stable support for the coil. Coil diameter The beams that support the coil must cover the full width of the coil. There must be provisions for fixing the distance between the beams in both directions. The points of support of the coil must be distinctly lower than the upper edge of the cradle. A coil placed in a cradle must be clear of the loading platform or cradle construction for at least 20 mm. ± 35 degrees Anti-slip mats At least 20 mm from the bottom The use of anti-slip mats between the loading platform and the coil cradle is mandatory when the cradle is not fixed to the trailer Stillages Stillages must fit the coil to be transported. A stillage should not be too large so it cannot sufficiently support the coil. The stillage should not be too small so the coil lies on the edge of the stillage. Stillages must be in a good condition. Stillages are to be used only in combination with blocking in forward direction. 2-6

19 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Webbing straps and ratchets Webbing straps in combination with ratchet tensioners must be used on a number of Tata Steel products to ensure the customer receives only the highest quality product. 1. Terminology Lashing capacity Maximum allowable tension in the lashing. Lashing capacity is NOT to be mistaken for the allowable weight of product the lashing can safely restrain. When designing a restraint system and determining the required number of restraints, it is the lashing capacity and not the breaking force which must be taken into account. A 2-tonne lashing capacity webbing strap will be denoted by LC 2000daN. Breaking force Maximum force the web lashing withstands when tested complete with ratchet and end fittings. The breaking force of the lashing assembly will be twice the lashing capacity. 2. Identification Blue label Preferred option. Lashing capacity Standard hand force* Standard tension force Webbing material Length Name of manufacturer or supplier Manufacturer s traceability code Year of manufacture Standard LC... dan S HF 50 dan S TF... dan POLYESTER... m NOT FOR LIFTING! CODE NR ##### ##### DD MM YYYY BS EN Polyester (PES) webbing. Resistant to mineral acids. Attacked by alkalis. Green label Polyamide (PA) webbing. Virtually immune to effects of alkalis. Attacked by mineral acids. Brown label Not to be used on steel products. Polypropylene (PP) webbing. Little affected by mineral acids and alkalis. Low lashing capacities. Tata Steel recognises the fact that the identification label of a webbing strap or tensioner may become damaged without any consequence to the integrity of the restraining equipment. The minimum information which must remain legible are the lashing capacity and the standard to which the item has been manufactured, i.e. EN * An applied force of 50kg (dan) to the handle, will typically result in 350kg (dan) of tension in the lashing. 3. Web lashing types Webbing straps and ratchets with the following lashing capacities are suitable for use on Tata Steel products: - LC 2000daN, LC 2500daN and LC 4000daN (typically 50mm wide) - LC 5000daN (typically 75mm wide) Ratchets are available as Pull up to tension or Pull down to tension, to ensure the most ergonomic action for the orientation of the ratchet. Short handle ratchets can achieve a Pre-Tension in the region of dan. Long handle ratchets can achieve a Pre-Tension in the region of dan. TIS-0003 Issue 1 27 September 2010 Page 1 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

20 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Webbing straps and ratchets 4. Inspections a.) b.) Check the identification label of the equipment to ensure they are manufactured to EN and that the lashing capacity corresponds with the adopted securing method. Inspect the equipment for wear and tear as detailed below. The following criteria are considered to be signs of damage: For web lashings: tears, cuts, nicks and breaks in load bearing fibres and retaining stitches; as well as deformations resulting from exposure to heat. For end fittings and tensioning devices: deformations, splits, pronounced signs of wear, signs of corrosion. Accidental contact with chemical products. Cuts/chafing across width. Result of inadequate edge protection. Frayed edge. No more than 10% damage across the width is permissible. Damaged core. Never use with knots. Knots can reduce the capacity by a half. 5. Failure modes Clean cut through strap is an indication of slicing failure. Likely cause is inadequate edge protection. - Suitable edge protection required on all unprotected, sharp edges with radius less than 3mm. - Edge protection recommended on all abrasive products in order to extend lifetime of webbing strap. - See Technical Information Sheet on Edge Protection for more detailed information. Ref No. TIS Frizzy ends are an indication of tension failure. Likely cause is an inadequate number of restraints. 6. Anchoring Capacity of webbing strap is reduced by 50% when both ends of the same strap are attached to the same anchor point. Do not anchor a webbing strap into the hook of another. Warning! Do NOT substitute a chain with a webbing strap. Do NOT substitute a webbing strap with a chain. Lashing capacities and stretch characteristics of webbing straps and chains differ significantly. When loaded to lashing capacity a webbing may stretch by up to 7%, whereas a chain will only stretch 2%. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate, but Tata Steel Europe Limited and its subsidiaries do not accept responsibility or liability for errors or information that is found to be misleading. TIS-0003 Issue 1 27 September 2010 Page 2 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

21 1. Terminology TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Transport chains and tensioners Lashing capacity The maximum allowable tension in the chain. Lashing capacity is NOT to be mistaken for the allowable weight of product the lashing can safely restrain. When designing a restraint system and determining the required number of restraints, it is the lashing capacity and not the breaking force which must be taken into account. A 4-tonne lashing capacity chain will be denoted by LC 40kN. Breaking force Maximum force the complete chain lashing, including load binder and connection components, can withstand. The breaking force of the lashing assembly will be twice the lashing capacity. 2. Chain condition The following are considered to be signs of damage: Excessive wear: chain exceeds allowable wear. - 8mm chain reduced to 7.2mm. - 10mm chain reduced to 9mm. Twisted, bent or elongated links. Gouges or nicks: corners of product leading to damage on chain. Key hole effect. Cracks in the weld area. Severe corrosion. Never heat, weld or heat treat a chain. Never secure a chain with a knot or bolt two chains together to increase length. 3. Chain Checker Card Gouged. Bent. A useful tool, the size of a credit card, for determining lashing angles and wear of chain links. Images of card are not to scale. Key hole effect. Twisted. 10mm 9mm (allowable wear on 10mm chain) KNOW YOUR CHAINS AND ANGLES Lashing deflection tier to tier Front. 8mm 7.2mm (allowable wear on 8mm chain) Less than 20 º DANGER 90º 60º 45º LASHING ANGLES TO TRAILER BED Back. 30º DANGER Less than 30 º (use blocking or belly-wrapping, etc.) TIS-0004 Issue 1 27 September 2010 Page 1 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

22 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Transport chains and tensioners 4. Chain grades and sizes 7mm Grade 8 chain 3-tonne lashing capacity. 1.1 kg per metre length of chain. 8mm Grade 8 chain 4-tonne lashing capacity. 1.4 kg per metre length of chain. 10mm Grade 8 chain 6.3-tonne lashing capacity. 2.2 kg per metre length of chain. All chains must be Grade 8 or 80. These are high-tensile chains. Many incorrectly believe their 6mm or 7mm chains are acceptable because they are high-tensile. The most important factor to establish is the lashing capacity. The capacities of chains are downrated by 25% to allow for bending of links over the product, against trailer and/or in the tensioner grap hooks. 5. Tensioner types Bottle tensioner Can achieve a standard tension force of up to 3150daN, but typically this figure will be closer to 1000daN. Can be procured to match the Lashing Capacity of the chain. Webbing ratchet Long handle webbing ratchets can achieve a Pre-Tension in the region of dan. Lashing capacity of webbing ratchet will differ from that of the chain. Lowest capacity item determines the capacity of the complete lashing system. Webbing ratchets are available in 2-tonne, 2.5-tonne and 5-tonne specifications. Overcentre loadbinder Overcentre loadbinders, also known as Sylvesters, are banned on all Tata Steel sites. BANNED 6. Storage Never leave unsecured chains or tensioners on the deck of the trailer. Securing equipment contained in a tray. Loose chains on trailer deck can slide off. Warning! Do NOT substitute a chain with a webbing strap. Do NOT substitute a webbing strap with a chain. Lashing capacities and stretch characteristics of webbing straps and chains differ significantly. When loaded to lashing capacity a webbing may stretch by up to 7%, whereas a chain will only stretch 2%. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate, but Tata Steel Europe Limited and its subsidiaries do not accept responsibility or liability for errors or information that is found to be misleading. TIS-0004 Issue 1 19 July 2010 Page 2 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

23 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Webbing strap edge protection This Technical Information Sheet outlines the importance of edge protection for webbing straps that are used to restrain steel loads for road transport. 1. Purpose Edge protection is required to protect the strap from sharp or abrasive edges of the product or trailer. Failure to apply appropriate edge protection to the strap introduces the risk of cutting the strap and losing some or all of the restraint on the product. Edge protection also reduces the stress on the outer fibres of the strap by increasing the radius of the corner. Using the a strap over a tight corner without edge protection will reduce strap strength significantly. It is important to note that each strap used to keep the product on the trailer works as part of a system of restraints where failure of one component could compromise the entire system. 2. Where to apply Straps must be protected when in contact with any corner of the product or trailer with a radius of less than 3mm. Every point where the strap is in contact with a sharp or abrasive edge of the product MUST be adequately protected. Where straps are anchored to the trailer chassis beam, edge protection MUST be applied to protect the strap from trailer side raves. 3mm (Drawn to scale) TIS-0005 Issue 1 22 February 2011 Page 1 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

24 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Webbing strap edge protection 3. Requirements Edge protection MUST be appropriate for the method of restraint being used: high level of abrasion and cut resistance against sharp and/or rough edges of the product or trailer; flexible enough to form to the shape of curved edges without damage e.g. coil bore; ensure straps cannot slide off during use. 4. Examples of good and poor edge protection Heavy duty webbing wear sleeve (Polyester, minimum 3mm thick) abrasion resistance. Good flexibility. Recommended edge protection for ALL steel loads. Lightweight wear sleeve Poor abrasion resistance. Poor cut resistance. NOT to be used as edge protection for steel products. Coil bore packaging Good abrasion resistance. Good flexibility. Slippery - NOT to be used with tie-down restraints. Recommended for direct restraints through coil bores. Foam edge protection Poor abrasion resistance. Poor cut resistance. NOT to be used as edge protection for steel products. Plastic corner protectors Good abrasion resistance. Poor flexibility. Ideal for tie-down restraints. Recommended edge protection for straight edges ONLY. Cardboard corner protectors Poor flexibility. Slippery - NOT to be used with tie-down restraints. NOT recommended as edge protection for steel products. It is NOT acceptable to use anti-slip matting as a substitute for edge protection. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate, but Tata Steel Europe Limited and its subsidiaries do not accept responsibility or liability for errors or information that is found to be misleading. TIS-0005 Issue 1 22 February 2011 Page 2 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

25 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Well boards for well trailers This Technical Information Sheet outlines the requirements for well boards that are used for blocking when transporting steel coils in the well. 1. Well board design Well boards must be matched to the trailer well in which they are used: - same well angle to provide support to the well board when used as part of the trailer deck - same well width to ensure correct coverage and edge support - same well lip depth to ensure well-board does not cause a tripping hazard. Well boards should be designed to provide the same vertical loading capability as the trailer bed (able to withstand forklift axle load of 5.46 tonnes). Well boards should be capable of withstanding horizontal loading of 10 tonnes in compression. Well boards can be manufactured in various ways to provide sufficient strength, for example: Plywood frame. Minimum thickness 25mm first grade ply. 2. Well board condition Longitudinal steel members - no cross bracing. Minimum thickness 25mm first grade ply. Steel frame with cross bracing. Minimum thickness 20mm first grade ply. Key areas to inspect include: Frame condition and joints - check for cracks / splits / gaps. Fixing of decking surface to frame - check for missing or loose screws / bolts. Condition of decking surface - check for warping and de-lamination. Edges must not be chamfered or worn. Well boards must fit square and flat in the well. TIS-0006 Issue 1 15 November 2010 Page 1 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

26 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Well boards for well trailers 3. Use of well boards for blocking 3.1 Against well posts max. 2 bl 5 m oc in kin. g 2 3 Well board fits flush between posts and coil. 3 Well board cannot slide out sideways. Maximum well board height 450mm to keep bending 3 force low down on the posts. Minimum thickness 25mm when used in this 3 orientationblocking to ensure coil does not topple against 2 upper part of posts. 3.2 Multiple coils 3 450mm wide well boards will provide sufficient 3 access for crane tongs in the majority of cases. avel of tr n o i ct Dire 3 mm 450 Do not use a well board horizontally as spacing between the coil and well posts. The well board edges will crush due to concentrated point loading under heavy braking. If spacing is needed between well posts and coil to achieve axle loadings, then use minimum 100mm square timbers as blocking. For non-topple sensitive coils only. Maximum individual coil weight 10 tonnes. Refer to Load Restraint Guideline LRG-0008-BH for Wide coil in well. 3 If additional spacing is required between coils wider higher strength boards should be used: - minimum of 25mm thick first grade ply. - secured to frame with cross members. - recommended maximum width of a single well board is 600mm. Front coil must be placed against front of well or against well posts to provide load restraint in forward direction - relying on a well board against the front lip of the well is not sufficient. Maximum of one well board between coils to avoid flipping out under load. When used as blocking between coils, the well boards must have clean square edges to ensure that they do not flip out under load. Well boards must have a minimum decking thickness of 20mm to ensure adequate spread of load across the coil faces. Well boards are an integral part of the restraint systems shown above and must be inspected regularly. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate, but Tata Steel Europe Limited and its subsidiaries do not accept responsibility or liability for errors or information that is found to be misleading. TIS-0006 Issue 1 15 November 2010 Page 2 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

27 TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET Anti-slip matting This Technical Information Sheet highlights the contribution of anti-slip matting to load restraint systems used to restrain steel loads for road transport. 1. Specification for anti-slip matting Coefficient of friction: 0.6 (minimum). 2. How anti-slip matting works Product weight Recommended thickness: 10mm is suitable for most applications. Thinner matting may not fully isolate the load from the cargo bed. Matting below 8mm will tear too easily when used with steel loads. Matting above 15mm thick may shear when used with steel loads. Material: Typically 1-3mm rubber granulate made from recycled materials and bound with polyurethane elastomer. Colour: Typically black with multicoloured speckling, but may be supplied in a variety of colours. Surface texture: Fine granular texturing. Porous / Non-porous: High level of porosity is desirable. Working temperature range: -20 O C to +100 O C. Tensile strength: 0.6 N/mm 2 minimum. Anti-slip matting is available as either loose pieces or strips, typically 1m long x 100mm wide. Friction is the resistance of an object to sliding. It is a critical factor in most load restraint systems with its value depending solely on the product weight and surface roughness, and not surface area. The application of anti-slip matting for the purpose of load restraint increases the friction between adjacent surfaces, for example between the surface of the steel product and the trailer deck. Braking force Restraining force = Product weight x Friction High friction creates more efficient and effective load restraint systems. Some typical friction coefficients are listed below: Oiled Steel on Steel = 0.2 (Low). Steel on Wood = 0.4 (Medium). Steel on Anti-Slip Matting = 0.6 (High). TIS Issue 1 27 April 2011 Page 1 of 2 Tel. +44 (0)

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