and many more benefits!

Find us on Facebook

GMAT Club Timer Informer

Hi GMATClubber!

Thank you for using the timer!
We noticed you are actually not timing your practice. Click the START button first next time you use the timer.
There are many benefits to timing your practice, including:

Hide Tags

Show Tags

04 Aug 2011, 17:14

4

This post receivedKUDOS

3

This post wasBOOKMARKED

00:00

A

B

C

D

E

Difficulty:

5% (low)

Question Stats:

97%(01:27) correct
3%(00:38) wrong based on 2609 sessions

HideShow timer Statistics

Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.a) which kept b) that keepsc) which has keptd) that has been keeping e) having kept

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

04 Aug 2011, 18:16

6

This post receivedKUDOS

1

This post wasBOOKMARKED

tracyyahoo wrote:

10. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.a) which kept b) that keepsc) which has keptd) that has been keeping e) having kept

why c is not correct. I think C is more acceptable.

Hi Tracyyahoo,

Try to avoid use of Perfect tense unless we don't have any other option as correct answer.For sake of understanding,We use present perfect tense for two purpose1. To show that any action is continuous from past and still in active status or if action is over at least its effect is there.2. To show the sequence of events.Here whatever is coming after "heat-exchange network" is describing/modifying only "heat-exchange network ". Now if we will use perfect tense then the sentence will be like below. heat-exchange network which has kept the brain from getting too hot.So here we don't have sequence of events, no action which should have completed till now or any effect" so use is wrong.

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

11 Jul 2012, 07:06

3

This post receivedKUDOS

1

This post wasBOOKMARKED

A fundamental rule of grammar is that for eternal things, universal things, and for day-to-day activities, we must use simple present tense. Carnivores enduring heat is a universal, timeless affair that happened yesterday, happens today, and will happen tomorrow. Therefore, the simple present - that keeps - is the right tense. C and D use very wrong tenses each present perfect and present perfect progressive. Therefore, they are not to be considered
_________________

“Better than a thousand days of diligent study is one day with a great teacher” – a Japanese proverb.9884544509

Show Tags

The sentence is describing a special 'heat-exchange network' not all 'heat-exchange networks.' In the latter case, we would use 'which.' A heat-exchange network, which is found in both nature and computing, has many practical advantages. However, in this sentence we are not describing all 'heat-exchange networks' only the one relating to carnivorous animals. Thus, we use 'that.'

Another tip off: there is no comma between 'which' and the noun it is modifying. Used in this manner 'which' must always be separated from the subject it is modifying by a comma. 'That', on other hand, does not take a comma.

Present Tense vs. Perfect Tense

The present tense is used to describe an unchanging characteristic of something:

1) Running several miles each day burns many calories vs. Running several miles each day is burning many calories.

2) The sloth is a mammal known to move with more deliberation than the most circumspect of snails vs. The sloth has been a mammal known to move with more deliberation than the most circumspect of snails.

Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.a) which kept b) that keepsc) which has keptd) that has been keeping e) having kept

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

14 Sep 2012, 05:35

@ ChrisLele: please explain the which vs that point again. I remember something about using "that" for a restrictive clause and "which" for everything else. So "that" should be used for referring to something specific and removing the part of the sentence following "that" will change its meaning. However, "which" is used for an unrestrictive clause and can refer to anything in general and removing the phrase following "which" wont change the meaning. In a sense, "Which" is used to state qualities or qualifiers.eg. Trips that take longer than 2 hours are discouraged by the office. Vs. Trips, which can take as long as ten hours, are discouraged by the office. Is this correct? vs

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

16 Sep 2012, 10:00

iindi wrote:

@ ChrisLele: please explain the which vs that point again. I remember something about using "that" for a restrictive clause and "which" for everything else. So "that" should be used for referring to something specific and removing the part of the sentence following "that" will change its meaning. However, "which" is used for an unrestrictive clause and can refer to anything in general and removing the phrase following "which" wont change the meaning. In a sense, "Which" is used to state qualities or qualifiers.eg. Trips that take longer than 2 hours are discouraged by the office. Vs. Trips, which can take as long as ten hours, are discouraged by the office. Is this correct? vs

To my understanding, The basic difference b/w usage of "Which and that" is ,Which is used with non essential Modifiers, for instance, This Car, which is painted red, is mine,

where as

That is used with a essential modifiers, for instance, The car that is painted red is mine.

Here in the question usage of That is justifiable based on the above mention rule.

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

17 Jul 2013, 04:03

GMAT Tips:1.Almost always comma is placed before "which". if not then almost it is incorrect.2.Comma is placed before "which" because which introduces non-restrictive clause..in laymen language---> after "which" extra information follows.by applying this knowledge Option A & C is out since comma is not placed before "which"

since current situation is discussed so verb should in present tense.clearly verb keeping(in option D) and kept(in option E) are wrong.hence this POE left with choice B as a correct answer!!_________________

Show Tags

Heat-exchange network - ask yourself: Is what follows a description that generally describes ALL heat-exchange networks or does it restrict the scope of heat-exchange networks and talk about a specific kind?

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

07 Jan 2014, 00:28

tracyyahoo wrote:

Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.a) which kept b) that keepsc) which has keptd) that has been keeping e) having kept

why c is not correct. I think C is more acceptable.

C is not correct because it uses has/had + past participle form. Focus on the tense in the text: "can.... have...." so logically, we need simple present. Only B uses simple present "keeps", A,C use past participle and D,E use present participle. Both are wrong.

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

10 Jul 2014, 04:37

In general which is preceded by comma , So eliminated all option with 'which'

Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.a) which kept (incorrect)b) that keeps (Correct) c) which has kept (Incorrect) d) that has been keeping (incorrect) e) having kept (wordy also not in same tense as non underlined part)

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

29 Mar 2016, 22:11

Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!

Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).

Want to see all other topics I dig out? Follow me (click follow button on profile). You will receive a summary of all topics I bump in your profile area as well as via email.

Show Tags

can i get some more examples (a bit tough ones) on the use of which vs that?

I hate dogs, which bark.I hate dogs that bark.

Are you able to find out the difference in meanings between the above two sentences? If you can, then you probably have already understood the concept of restrictive / non-restrictive modifiers adequately. :D

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

07 Apr 2016, 06:27

tracyyahoo wrote:

Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.a) which kept b) that keepsc) which has keptd) that has been keeping e) having kept

Meaning:The sentence is stating a simple fact about carnivorous mammals that their body can endure very high heat levels ( such heat levels could be lethal for other animals). The sentence further say that these mammals can do so because they have a heat-exchange network that keeps the brain from getting too hot.

Note: tense is checked here not the which vs that concept

a) kept is past tense which is suggesting that the way heat-exchange network worked is no more valid today. it used to work like this.c) perfect tense is required if something is started in the past and is still continuing but the sentence is a fact which need a simple present tense.d) same as C. we need simple presente) simple present is required to state facts.

Re: Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be [#permalink]

Show Tags

07 Apr 2016, 06:54

rhine29388 wrote:

can i get some more examples (a bit tough ones) on the use of which vs that?

Clauses beginning with relative pronoun which are usually non-restrictive and are always enclosed within commas. For instance,

It's my dream to study in your college, which is ranked as India's best engineering college.

Here "which is India's best ranked engineering college" is a non-restrictive clause as it is just providing additional information. Here possessive pronoun "your" before college makes it clear that we are talking about a particular college which happens to be India's best engineering college. So even if you remove the non-restrictive college we still know that college here is referring to a particular college i.e. "your college".

Clauses beginning with relative pronoun that are restrictive and should not enclosed within commas For instance,

It's my dream to study in a college that is ranked as India's best engineering college.

Here restrictive clause "that is ranked as India's best engineering college" is qualifying college. So if you ask which college is the dream college referred here, the you can only answer this with the information in the restrictive clause. If you remove the restrictive clause then it will completely change the meaning as you do not know anymore which particular college is "the dream college" referred here.

Hope it helps.
_________________

Consider KUDOS if my post helped

I got the eye of the tiger, a fighter, dancing through the fire'Cause I am a champion and you're gonna hear me roar