The information provided here is for general informational purposes only and should not be considered an individual recommendation or personalized investment advice. The investment products mentioned here may not be suitable for everyone. Each investor needs to review an investment strategy for his or her particular situation before making any investment decision.

All expressions of opinion are subject to change without notice in reaction to shifting market, economic or political conditions.

Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Investing involves risks, including loss of principal.

Fixed income securities are subject to increased loss of principal during periods of rising interest rates. Fixed-income investments are subject to various other risks including changes in credit quality, market valuations, liquidity, prepayments, early redemption, corporate events, tax ramifications and other factors.

International investments involve additional risks, which include differences in financial accounting standards, currency fluctuations, geopolitical risk, foreign taxes and regulations, and the potential for illiquid markets.

The Schwab Center for Financial Research is a division of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.

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