Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are rare complications after diagnostic femoral catheterization. A few clinical cases have been reported, especially in the setting of venous compression with an enlarging haematoma, mechanical groin compression or prolonged procedures. Similarly, clinically evident PE after cardiac surgery is also very rare, ...

We report a case of a complicated vascular access secondary to systemic venous defects which have not been previously reported. Further evaluation revealed congenital absence of superior vena cava with two brachiocephalic veins draining separately. He also had absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava with azygos ...

Arteriovenous fistula involving renal artery and inferior vena cava are rare. We report the case of a 47-year-old woman with a chronic arteriovenous fistula between right renal artery and inferior vena cava due to a penetrating trauma. Another finding was a vena cava aneurysm caused by the fistula. The patient ...

Percutaneous placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter is indicated in patients affected by pulmonary embolism or proximal deep venous thrombosis when anticoagulation therapy is contraindicated or there is evidence of thromboembolic recurrence during anticoagulation. Several complications have been reported using IVC filters. Migration is a rare but known ...

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of left sided inferior vena cava (IVC). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors carried out the standard dissection survey of939 embalmed cadavers between 1974 and 2008. RESULTS: The authors encountered a case of left sided IVC in a male donated cadaver aged 65 years at decease. ...

Tumors of the inferior vena cava are rarely complicated by pulmonary tumor embolism. We report a patient with a leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava complicated by an embolus in the left pulmonary artery. We describe the successful treatment of this condition, which consisted of cavoplasty and pulmonary endarterectomy conducted ...

A persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) draining through a dilated coronary sinus into the right atrium is a relatively common congenital cardiovascular anomaly. It is readily identified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). However, a LSVC draining into the left atrium (LA) and associated with unroofing of the coronary sinus, ...

A 53 year old man developed upper body swelling, hypotension, anuria and a metabolic acidosis within 24 h following an Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy. His co-morbidities included hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, ischaemic heart disease and he was a smoker. He did not have radiotherapy but had received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy through an in-dwelling right subclavian ...

A patient with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was catheterized for device closure. Anomalous systemic venous drainage was found with interrupted inferior vena cava and persistence of hepatic vessel plexus. Using the superior vena cava route, the PDA was closed successfully.

Anomalies of the cardinal vein system (CVS) are uncommon but if unidentified can lead to life-threatening complications. We report a case with a novel malformation of the CVS. Autopsy with in situ dissection of heart and large vessels in a 25-day-old infant was performed. The infant was diagnosed with congenital ...

An 81-year-old woman was referred for cardiac computed tomography-angiography (CCTA) after an extracardiac mass was found on echocardiography. CCTA found a giant atherosclerotic right coronary artery aneurysm with a maximal diameter of 80 mm, which was compressing the right atrium and right appendage, proximal superior vena cava, right ventricle inlet ...

An ectopic kidney was found incidentally in a 20-year-old male patient during the abdominopelvic CT angiography. It was situated on the right side at the abdominopelvic junction, partly in the abdomen at the level of the intervertebral disc between L3 and L4 superiorly and partly in the greater pelvis at ...

This report describes a case involving anomalous drainage of inferior vena cava (IVC) to the left atrium diagnosed when the patient was 32 years old. The tricuspid valve and the right ventricle were small. Successful surgical repair was performed, with significant improvement of the patient's clinical status. The use of ...

Blunt injury to the inferior vena cava is a rare but dramatic event having a high mortality up to 80%. The mortality increases after total avulsion especially in combination with secondary intra-abdominal injuries. We report on a 15-year-old boy who sustained a blunt trauma with a total, partially covered avulsion ...

The placement of superior vena cava (SVC) filters to prevent pulmonary emboli (PE) from upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT), although controversial, has been reported. A total of 21 publications were identified that reported 209 SVC filters and documented eight major filter-related complications (3.8%), including four cardiac tamponades, two aortic perforations, ...

Traumatic injuries to the inferior vena cava continue to be associated with high mortality. The management of these injuries has been technically challenging and highly variable, often depending on factors that include the anatomic complexity and the severity of the insult. We report the first case in which a patient ...

The Warden procedure was introduced for surgical repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the higher portion of the superior vena cava in an attempt to decrease the incidence of postoperative sinoatrial node dysfunction and pulmonary venous obstruction. However, postoperative cavoatrial channel stenosis and obstruction up to 20% and ...

Ascending aortic aneurysm is a rare cause of superior vena cava syndrome. Herein, we describe a case of superior vena cava syndrome caused by a chronic dissecting aortic aneurysm after aortic valve replacement. A successful replacement of the aortic root and ascending aorta led to an improvement of edema of ...

We presented a case of hemothorax secondary to inferior vena cava (IVC) aneurysm. A 47-year-old woman was presented to our hospital with nausea, vomiting, and right superior abdominal pain. There was pleural effusion on the right side of the posteroanterior chest x-ray for which a thoracentesis was performed and serohemorrhagic ...

The anatomy of a persistent left superior vena cava (SVC) to the left atrium (LA) without the innominate vein can make it challenging to complete intracardiac repair. We reviewed our five cases of the direct end-to-side anastomosis of SVCs to facilitate anatomical repair of SVC-right atrial connection for biventricular repair. ...

We describe the case of a 38 year old man, with a story of alcohol abuse, who developed a very painful nodular subcutaneous fat necrosis, fever and polyarthritis, denying any abdominal symptoms due to a pancreatic pseudocyst-inferior vena cava fistula. The authors discuss the unusual and protracted course with intermittent ...

We report on a rare case of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with absent right superior vena cava (RSVC), an anomaly that is also known as isolated PLSVC. This venous malformation was identified incidentally in a 30-year-old woman during thoracic multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), which was performed with the ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the radiologic findings and imaging response of hepatocellular carcinoma supplied by the left inferior phrenic artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2000 through December 2008, chemoembolization of the left inferior phrenic artery was performed on 152 patients (123 men, 29 ...

The purpose of this article is to review the CT findings associated with superior vena cava obstruction and to illustrate collateral venous pathways bypassing the obstruction as shown on MDCT. Multiple collateral venous pathways can form to bypass an obstruction of the superior vena cava. With its ability to acquire ...

The aim of this study was to document the anatomical landmarks of the submandibular gland (SMG) for a botulinum toxin injection. Thirty-four SMGs from 20 cadavers were examined. The mean length of a reference line between the angle of the mandible and the gnathion was 94.8 ± 5.9 mm, the proximal and distal ...

We present a 45-year-old woman with supraventricular tachycardia. During placement of diagnostic catheters, an interruption of the inferior vena cava was suspected. An MRI confirmed the interruption of the inferior vena cava above the level of the renal veins with azygos vein continuation up to the superior vena cava. Catheter ...

To study characteristics of collateral circulation of gastric varices (GVs) with 64-row multidetector computer tomography portal venography (MDCTPV). 64-row MDCTPV with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm and a scanning field from 2 cm above the tracheal bifurcation to the lower edge of the kidney was performed in 86 patients ...

In the modern implanting era with progressive expanding indications to resynchronization therapy, upgrading procedure is a relatively common event. Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), the most common venous abnormality, may exacerbate technical difficulties. We describe the procedure of upgrading from a dual chamber pacemaker to resynchronization/defibrillation system with a ...

The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Thrombosis of the IVC is a potentially catastrophic complication of caval filter placement, and its reported incidence ranges 3.6-11.2%, depending on filter type. We present a 69-year-old female with a history of deep vein ...

Interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a very rare congenital abnormality. Such patients have many difficulties during ablation procedures. We report a case of successful ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using the superior vena cava in a patient with interruption of the IVC.

In this article, we discuss the surgical anatomy of the blood vessels and the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes found in the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal blood vessels include the aorta and all its branches--parietal and visceral--from the diaphragm to the pelvis, and the inferior vena cava and its tributaries. The retroperitoneal ...

Radical resection of the superior vena cava poses a challenge for the cardiothoracic surgeon. The Contegra graft (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN), a biologic conduit comprising the valved segment of the bovine jugular vein, is established as a right ventricular to pulmonary artery conduit for right ventricular outflow tract repair in ...

Anticoagulation still remains the primary therapy for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in order to prevent the most life-threatening form of VTE, pulmonary embolism (PE). Nevertheless in some patients anticoagulation is impossible. Then vena caval filters serve as a valuable second line therapy against the most feared complication of VTE, fatal PE. ...

A persistent left inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare anomaly, with a reported incidence of only 0.2-0.5%. When present, it courses between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta to continue as the right IVC, similar to the course of a left renal vein (LRV). This anomaly is usually ...

The inferior phrenic arteries constitute a pair of important vessels, supplying multiple organs including the diaphragm, adrenal glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, inferior vena cava, and retroperitoneum. The vast majority (80-90%) of inferior phrenic arteries originate as separate vessels with near equal frequency from either the abdominal aorta or the celiac ...

A 25 year-old female with a history of Caesarian section ten weeks ago presented with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a free-floating large thrombus traversing the right atrial cavity. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the presence of an unattached thrombus that originated from the most proximal part of the ...

A persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium was diagnosed in an adult patient, scheduled for surgical correction of a large inferiorly located sinus venosus atrial septal defect. In the majority of cases a persistent left superior vena cava is found incidentally and causes little or no ...

Tamponade after cardiac operations often does not manifest the classic clinical or even echocardiographic features of tamponade and may therefore be difficult to diagnose. We present 3 patients with cardiac tamponade in the early postoperative period in whom portable chest roentgenogram revealed marked leftward pulmonary artery catheter displacement at the ...

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure that has played an important role in the treatment of acute or repeated variceal bleeding or refractory ascites. The standard venous access route for this procedure is the right jugular vein. Sometimes it is better to use the left jugular ...

While undergoing an intrapericardial pneumonectomy for a massive right pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor that had invaded the mediastinum, an 18-year-old woman experienced a nearly fatal iatrogenic complication. Dense scarring adjacent to the pseudotumor had drawn in the superior vena cava posterolaterally and fused the right main pulmonary artery to the right ...

A 38-year-old woman who had undergone pelvic lymphangioma resection two months previously presented with cough and dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography and CT demonstrated the presence of a mixed cystic/solid component tumor involving the inferior vena cava, heart and pulmonary artery. Complete resection of the cardiac tumor was performed and lymphangioma was ...

Sinus venous atrial septal defects are commonly associated with abnormal pulmonary venous connection. Numerous surgical techniques have been proposed with excellent short- and long-term outcomes. Pulmonary and superior vena cava obstructions, as well as rhythm disturbances, are the most common problems seen during follow up. However, acute postoperative superior vena ...

Due to the unavoidable use of indwelling devices and the magnitude of the operative problems encountered, superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) has become a serious threat for patients with a history of multiple catheter placements. True diagnosis sometimes is not available due to paucity of symptoms or due to the ...

PURPOSE: The arrangement of the structures within the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle has not been clearly defined. Because this could be of importance in surgery involving the inferior alveolar canal, a study was undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle was dissected from 8 cadaveric mandibles and examined ...

We present findings of persistent left superior vena cava, anomalous right superior pulmonary venous return into the right-sided superior vena cava and a sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect detected incidentally by CT pulmonary angiography. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case report with all of the above findings ...

Superior vena cava obstruction is associated with multiple venous collaterals. There is an unusual pathway involving pulmonary venous collaterals in which systemic veins drain directly into the left heart, resulting in a right-to-left shunt. We report here a rare case of systemic to pulmonary venous shunt on both hemithoraces in ...