[Energy metabolism of growing rats in relation to the environmental temperature].
8 experiments were carried out with 9 albino rats each (Wistar line, bred at the institute) in the live weight range between 70 and 200 g and at environmental temperatures (ET) of 34, 32, 30, 28, 26, 24, 22 and 20 degrees C. In the course of each individual experiment the rats were alternatively fed for maintenance and weight gain (semi ad libitum) with feed mixtures containing 10, 25 and 40% crude protein (3 animals/variant). Energy metabolism was measured according to the method of indirect calorimetry over a total of 780 metabolism periods. In the temperature range studied there was no compensation between thermoregulatory heat and heat from other processes of the metabolism. The partial utilization of metabolizable energy for energy retention in the body was independent of ET and ranged between 73 and 80% for the 7 experiments with ET between 32 and 20 degrees C. Energy utilization depended on the protein content of the feed and decreased from 81 to 79 or 73 resp. when the protein content increased from 10 to 25% or to 40% resp. Energy requirement for protein retention varied between 1.61 and 2.09 kJ metabolizable energy/kJ and was independent of ET. Energy maintenance requirement (measured at 28, 30 and 32 degrees C) increased with the growing protein content from 415 to 439 and 447 kJ/kg LW0.75.d resp. (regression analysis) and from 411 to 420 and 432 kJ/kg LW0.75.d (measuring at maintenance level). The relative weight gain with the increased protein content of the feed largely corresponds to the expected values according to the efficiency of ATP synthesis in the oxidative degradation of nutrients. The relationship between heat production and ET is parabolic. In the live weight range studied the average thermoneutral temperature (TNT) was 32 degrees C. It decreased during the course of development from 34 to 30 degrees C. TNT decreased with the growing protein content of the feed. Thermoregulatory heat production depended on both environmental temperature and the stage of development. Its average value in the development range studied decreased with an increase of the environmental temperature by 2 K each, starting from 20 degrees C and rising to 32 degrees C, in the following linear sequence: 23.3, 21.0, 16.8, 12.5, 8.3, 4.0 and 0.3 kJ/kg LW0.75.d.K.