Late complications of percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy.
To assess the late complications of percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy, particularly the incidence of tracheal stenosis and voice changes. Prospective descriptive clinical study. Teaching hospital, the Netherlands. Eighty consecutive patients who were successfully decannulated after percutaneous tracheotomy. Fourteen patients died after decannulation, of tracheotomy-unrelated causes. Sixty-six patients were followed up 3 to 39 months after decannulation (mean, 16 months). Fifty-four patients underwent tomography of the trachea. In 14 patients (26%), there was tracheal narrowing of more than 10%. Data analysis showed that these stenoses were operator dependent (p = 0.03). Voice changes, found in 13 (21%) of 61 patients, were major in 1 and minor in 12. Scars were generally cosmetically acceptable. Retraction of the scar, seen in 13 (19%) of 66 patients, was related to the duration of cannulation (p = 0.002). A persistent tracheocutaneous fistula was present in two patients. The incidence of tracheal stenosis after percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy is low compared with conventional tracheotomy. Experience with the technique is important to avoid late complications.