This chapter discusses the most striking change related to day care and motherhood: how mothers were beginning to insist that they had a right to day care. The information presented in this chapter ...
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This chapter discusses the most striking change related to day care and motherhood: how mothers were beginning to insist that they had a right to day care. The information presented in this chapter supports the argument that the postwar period was truly a time of change. During this time new ideas regarding the basic job of mothers appeared, which challenged the previous assumptions on which day care provision had previously been based.Less

From Charity to Legitimate Need: The Postwar Years

Elizabeth Rose

Published in print: 1999-03-04

This chapter discusses the most striking change related to day care and motherhood: how mothers were beginning to insist that they had a right to day care. The information presented in this chapter supports the argument that the postwar period was truly a time of change. During this time new ideas regarding the basic job of mothers appeared, which challenged the previous assumptions on which day care provision had previously been based.

This introductory chapter begins with a description of Stalin's relationship with his entourage in the years after World War II. It tells the story of an aging and distrustful despot who habitually ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a description of Stalin's relationship with his entourage in the years after World War II. It tells the story of an aging and distrustful despot who habitually picked on and humiliated his companions, and sought to infect the ruling circle with the suspicions and insecurities that characterized his own mental world. Such actions seem to confirm a widespread perception of Stalin in these years as a vain, capricious, and highly unstable individual, who was bent on petty revenge and short-term personal domination. However, this book argues that Stalin's behavior after the war followed a clear political logic. This was, in part, the logic of a dictator seeking to preserve his power in conditions of old age and chronic ill health. An overview of the succeeding chapters is presented.Less

Introduction

Yoram GorlizkiOleg V. Khlevniuk

Published in print: 2004-02-12

This introductory chapter begins with a description of Stalin's relationship with his entourage in the years after World War II. It tells the story of an aging and distrustful despot who habitually picked on and humiliated his companions, and sought to infect the ruling circle with the suspicions and insecurities that characterized his own mental world. Such actions seem to confirm a widespread perception of Stalin in these years as a vain, capricious, and highly unstable individual, who was bent on petty revenge and short-term personal domination. However, this book argues that Stalin's behavior after the war followed a clear political logic. This was, in part, the logic of a dictator seeking to preserve his power in conditions of old age and chronic ill health. An overview of the succeeding chapters is presented.

This chapter analyzes structural changes in the United States during the postwar period and, to a greater or lesser extent, other advanced, industrial economies. It attempts to answer the question of ...
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This chapter analyzes structural changes in the United States during the postwar period and, to a greater or lesser extent, other advanced, industrial economies. It attempts to answer the question of when the “American century” ended and the American crisis began. The economic and social institutions of the United States and many other developed nations have not adjusted successfully to the profound and startling cumulative effects of the normal pattern of economic transformation associated with growth combined with, and compounded by, these additional sources of change and growth. The symptoms of this problem can be seen in the prolonged and persistent fiscal imbalances that have been especially noticeable in the 1980s. The chapter presents some data that describe the size and scope of the structural changes and fiscal imbalances that the U.S. economy has experienced in the postwar era and discusses A. G. B. Fisher's theory of structural change during economic growth.Less

The American Century and the American Crisis

Michael Veseth

Published in print: 1991-02-14

This chapter analyzes structural changes in the United States during the postwar period and, to a greater or lesser extent, other advanced, industrial economies. It attempts to answer the question of when the “American century” ended and the American crisis began. The economic and social institutions of the United States and many other developed nations have not adjusted successfully to the profound and startling cumulative effects of the normal pattern of economic transformation associated with growth combined with, and compounded by, these additional sources of change and growth. The symptoms of this problem can be seen in the prolonged and persistent fiscal imbalances that have been especially noticeable in the 1980s. The chapter presents some data that describe the size and scope of the structural changes and fiscal imbalances that the U.S. economy has experienced in the postwar era and discusses A. G. B. Fisher's theory of structural change during economic growth.

Movements against the death penalty have occurred regularly throughout the course of American history. At the beginning of the American Revolution, public officials began to criticize capital ...
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Movements against the death penalty have occurred regularly throughout the course of American history. At the beginning of the American Revolution, public officials began to criticize capital punishment, viewing it as antithetical to the new nation's republic deals. The shifting approaches to punishment during the three reform oriented eras reflected historic changes in popular explanations of criminal behavior. In relation to this matter, the public debate over Chessman's execution illustrated the specific influences shaping popular opposition to the death penalty in the postwar period.Less

The Antithesis of Reform

Theodore Hamm

Published in print: 2001-11-20

Movements against the death penalty have occurred regularly throughout the course of American history. At the beginning of the American Revolution, public officials began to criticize capital punishment, viewing it as antithetical to the new nation's republic deals. The shifting approaches to punishment during the three reform oriented eras reflected historic changes in popular explanations of criminal behavior. In relation to this matter, the public debate over Chessman's execution illustrated the specific influences shaping popular opposition to the death penalty in the postwar period.

Are Japanese families in crisis? This book looks back at two key moments of “family making” in the past hundred years—the Meiji era and postwar period—to see how models for the Japanese family have ...
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Are Japanese families in crisis? This book looks back at two key moments of “family making” in the past hundred years—the Meiji era and postwar period—to see how models for the Japanese family have been constructed. The models had little to do with the families of their eras and even less to do with families today, it finds. The book vividly portrays the everyday reality of a range of families: young married couples who experience fleeting togetherness until the first child is born; a family separated by job shifts; a family with a grandmother as babysitter; a marriage without children.Less

Perfectly Japanese : Making Families in an Era of Upheaval

Merry Isaacs White

Published in print: 2002-09-02

Are Japanese families in crisis? This book looks back at two key moments of “family making” in the past hundred years—the Meiji era and postwar period—to see how models for the Japanese family have been constructed. The models had little to do with the families of their eras and even less to do with families today, it finds. The book vividly portrays the everyday reality of a range of families: young married couples who experience fleeting togetherness until the first child is born; a family separated by job shifts; a family with a grandmother as babysitter; a marriage without children.

When the Cold War division of the world made a global competition law regime impossible, the US as the dominant economic and political power in the non-Communist world took responsibility for dealing ...
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When the Cold War division of the world made a global competition law regime impossible, the US as the dominant economic and political power in the non-Communist world took responsibility for dealing with threats to transnational competition. Since then, US law and institutions have provided the basic rules of competition on transnational markets. This chapter analyzes the principles of international law that have been the basis for this regime and traces its evolution during the second half of the 20th century. This regime relies on national laws to provide competition rules, but few states have sufficient political and economic leverage to apply their laws outside their own territory, and this allows the US (and, to a lesser extent, the EU) to provide these conduct rules. Jurisdictional authority — and the interests, expectations and attitudes associated with it — remain the central component of the legal framework for global competition.Less

Sovereignty as a Solution: Extending the Reach of National Laws

David J. Gerber

Published in print: 2010-03-11

When the Cold War division of the world made a global competition law regime impossible, the US as the dominant economic and political power in the non-Communist world took responsibility for dealing with threats to transnational competition. Since then, US law and institutions have provided the basic rules of competition on transnational markets. This chapter analyzes the principles of international law that have been the basis for this regime and traces its evolution during the second half of the 20th century. This regime relies on national laws to provide competition rules, but few states have sufficient political and economic leverage to apply their laws outside their own territory, and this allows the US (and, to a lesser extent, the EU) to provide these conduct rules. Jurisdictional authority — and the interests, expectations and attitudes associated with it — remain the central component of the legal framework for global competition.

This chapter offers a preliminary analysis of American sociology during the war and postwar period. It begins with a brief sketch of the broader social changes attending the wars—two hot and one ...
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This chapter offers a preliminary analysis of American sociology during the war and postwar period. It begins with a brief sketch of the broader social changes attending the wars—two hot and one cold—that defined the period 1940–55. It then looks at the discipline in 1940 and in 1955. Next, it evaluates how the events of the war period changed the demographic, institutional, and intellectual structure of sociology. It aims at the same time to analyze the role of sociology in shaping the new society that emerged after the war. It closes with a discussion of the new stance of sociology during the postwar decade.Less

Hot War, Cold War: The Structures of Sociological Action, 1940–1955

Andrew AbbottJames T. Sparrow

Published in print: 2007-03-01

This chapter offers a preliminary analysis of American sociology during the war and postwar period. It begins with a brief sketch of the broader social changes attending the wars—two hot and one cold—that defined the period 1940–55. It then looks at the discipline in 1940 and in 1955. Next, it evaluates how the events of the war period changed the demographic, institutional, and intellectual structure of sociology. It aims at the same time to analyze the role of sociology in shaping the new society that emerged after the war. It closes with a discussion of the new stance of sociology during the postwar decade.

This chapter presents some concluding remarks about Stalin's leadership, the events following his death, and his legacy. Stalin was in many respects a patrimonial leader. In his last years, most ...
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This chapter presents some concluding remarks about Stalin's leadership, the events following his death, and his legacy. Stalin was in many respects a patrimonial leader. In his last years, most official business was transacted in private meetings between Stalin and his entourage. He secured the loyalty of his colleagues over and above their commitment to any office and, to underline this, he completely reshaped and renamed posts and committees, maneuvering his companions between them at will. Stalin's death opened the gates for the so-called new course on a variety of domestic and foreign policy issues, many of which were steered by the new collective leadership at the Council of Ministers.Less

Conclusion

Yoram GorlizkiOleg V. Khlevniuk

Published in print: 2004-02-12

This chapter presents some concluding remarks about Stalin's leadership, the events following his death, and his legacy. Stalin was in many respects a patrimonial leader. In his last years, most official business was transacted in private meetings between Stalin and his entourage. He secured the loyalty of his colleagues over and above their commitment to any office and, to underline this, he completely reshaped and renamed posts and committees, maneuvering his companions between them at will. Stalin's death opened the gates for the so-called new course on a variety of domestic and foreign policy issues, many of which were steered by the new collective leadership at the Council of Ministers.

This chapter reviews the changes to service allowances in the immediate postwar period and considers whether the experience of administering these allowances during the Second World War resulted in ...
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This chapter reviews the changes to service allowances in the immediate postwar period and considers whether the experience of administering these allowances during the Second World War resulted in any significant changes in the existing administrative systems. It discusses why the maintenance of a high military profile had political as well as economic implications. The chapter reflects upon the problems associated with retaining and recruiting career soldiers, such as the well-being of families of soldiers on active duty, financial issues, pension levels and dependent allowance. Further, it examines the changes in service allowances resulting from the introduction of national Family Allowances and the beginnings of the welfare state.Less

‘The rate for the job’ – debates on postwar service allowances

Barbara Hately-Broad

Published in print: 2010-02-01

This chapter reviews the changes to service allowances in the immediate postwar period and considers whether the experience of administering these allowances during the Second World War resulted in any significant changes in the existing administrative systems. It discusses why the maintenance of a high military profile had political as well as economic implications. The chapter reflects upon the problems associated with retaining and recruiting career soldiers, such as the well-being of families of soldiers on active duty, financial issues, pension levels and dependent allowance. Further, it examines the changes in service allowances resulting from the introduction of national Family Allowances and the beginnings of the welfare state.

The conventional image of the United States from the end of World War II to President John F. Kennedy's assassination in November 1963, is of two febrile periods of heightened Cold War tensions, ...
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The conventional image of the United States from the end of World War II to President John F. Kennedy's assassination in November 1963, is of two febrile periods of heightened Cold War tensions, nuclear paranoia and domestic turbulence bookending a somnolent, self-satisfied and insular phase of conformity, commodity culture and conspicuous consumption. One could plot Hollywood's output in this period along a similar contour: first, a brief postwar period during which the cycles of social realist and noir films pushed boundaries of subject matter and style, all too soon stifled by a reactionary political climate; then a decade-long retreat to socially irrelevant spectacles like the epic and the musical, during which innovation was largely confined to the presentation and promotion of Hollywood films, using novel or updated technologies like 3-D, widescreen and colour to consolidate an idea of moviegoing as spectacular escapism. This chapter explores politics and realism in Hollywood films, the emergence of films tackling social problems, science fiction films and Don Siegel's Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956).Less

The Communication of Ideas

Barry Langford

Published in print: 2009-08-31

The conventional image of the United States from the end of World War II to President John F. Kennedy's assassination in November 1963, is of two febrile periods of heightened Cold War tensions, nuclear paranoia and domestic turbulence bookending a somnolent, self-satisfied and insular phase of conformity, commodity culture and conspicuous consumption. One could plot Hollywood's output in this period along a similar contour: first, a brief postwar period during which the cycles of social realist and noir films pushed boundaries of subject matter and style, all too soon stifled by a reactionary political climate; then a decade-long retreat to socially irrelevant spectacles like the epic and the musical, during which innovation was largely confined to the presentation and promotion of Hollywood films, using novel or updated technologies like 3-D, widescreen and colour to consolidate an idea of moviegoing as spectacular escapism. This chapter explores politics and realism in Hollywood films, the emergence of films tackling social problems, science fiction films and Don Siegel's Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956).