Key words used include: meningitis, cryptococcal, cryptococcus, cryptococcosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus, prophylaxis, chemoprevention, antifungal agents, and the Cochrane screen for randomized controlled trials.<br><b>SELECTION CRITERIA</b>: Randomized controlled trials using antifungal interventions for the primary prevention of cryptococcal disease in adults with HIV were selected.<br><b>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS</b>: Two reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility and quality.