Seventeen cytokines/chemokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1â, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-ã, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-á, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1â (MIP-1â), were measured simultaneously in CSF supernatants from eight children with mumps meningitis, 11 children with other types of viral meningitis and eight children with fever without neurological complications such as convulsion.RESULTS:   We found that IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and IFN-ã showed a statistically significant increase in CSF from mumps meningitis when compared to other types of viral meningitis and fever without neurological complications.CONCLUSION:   Mumps meningitis may induce a distinct immunological response when compared with other types of viral meningitis.