Most impressively, CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART19) have led to impressive responses in patients with B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. CTL019, or KYMRIAH™ (tisagenlecleucel), a CD19 CAR T cell product developed by Novartis and the University of Pennsylvania, was recently approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration, representing a landmark in the application of adoptive T cell therapies.