A review of routing in ad hoc networks
Routing in ad hoc networks is a major criteria, which always plays a key role. A study of routing in ad hoc networks should not focus only on finding a shortest path to the destination. So, we have done a study of routing in ad hoc networks which takes into account the important factors which revolves around routing, like routing the packets through a shortest path, identifying the neighbors by broadcasting messages, using different parameters to reduce the overhead because of flooding, route discovery to find an appropriate route to the destination, using location-based information for route discovery, retrieving the information about destination using Hint-Based Probabilistic protocol and a protocol WARP (Wormhole-Avoidance Routing Protocol) to detect and quarantine the wormhole nodes, when routing the packets to the destination.
The impacts of charge trapping and filament-induced anisotropy on the resistive switching mechanism in hafnia are formulated and quantified. Using ab initio calculations, we find the energetics and kinetics of oxygen vacancies in hafnium oxide resistive random access memory are strongly influenced by charge trapping at vacancy sites as well as the local crystal structure and presence of nearby conductive filaments.