A F.E. UPPER BOUND LIMIT ANALYSIS MODEL FOR MASONRYCURVED AND 3D STRUCTURES, WITH AND WITHOUT FRPREINFORCEMENT
The aim of this thesis is to propose a new efficient numerical tool, based on the ::: kinematic theorem of limit analysis, for the study of masonry shell and 3D ::: structures with or without FRP reinforcement. ::: The approach consists of two steps. In step I unreinforced masonry strength ::: domains are obtained with a FE limit analysis procedure applied to a representative ::: element of volume constituted by a central brick interacting with its six neighbours ::: by means of rigid plastic interfaces (mortar joint). In step II, the unreinforced ::: strength domains are implemented in a novel upper bound FE limit analysis code ::: for the analysis at collapse of entire masonry curved and 3D structures.
Sooner or later each manufacturer, because of the rising level of competition on the market, will have to find a way to decrease the expenses and to increase the profit. Optimization is the way to make that. In this paper optimization of metal masts construction using ANSYS Mechanical and IOSO algorithms will be discussed. Loads are automatically calculated according to the Code of Rules 20.13330.2011 and load*bearing elements are checked for strength and stability according to the Code of Rules 16.13330.2011. After the optimization run a Pareto set is created which allows to manually choose an optimal variant of construction.