Application of a new HPLC-ICP-MS method for simultaneous determination of Al3+ and aluminium fluoride complexes
The paper presents the new HPLC-ICP-MS method used for conducting speciation analysis of aluminum as free Al(3+) and aluminum fluoride complexes during one analysis. In the study, 5% HNO3 was used as a derivative reagent in order to minimize the possibility of clogging the torch in ICP-MS. Using the new HPLC-ICP-MS method, speciation analysis of aluminum and aluminum fluoride complexes was conducted on the basis of model solutions and real samples (soil-water extracts and groundwater samples). The analysis in the presented analytical system lasts only 4 min.
Flexibility of Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPS) has already been widely discussed, but apart from some definitions, only few measures exist. These, however, are required to compare different CPPS regarding their flexibility and the effort necessary to increase flexibility during evolution. This paper presents the application and evaluation of already proposed flexibility and adaptivity metrics for automated Production Systems. The interdependencies among product, process and resource are shown. An AML description is provided for a lab size application example as a basis to demonstrate changes that incorporate flexibility. Such changes are to produce heavier work pieces (WPs), realize different processes and use different resources. At the example of the model in Automation Markup Language (AML), we highlight the interdependencies between product, process and resource, thus showing the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed metric.