Hydrogen bonding: Part 20. Infrared study of the high temperature β-form of choline chloride
Abstract Infrared spectral studies of β-choline chloride at 95°C clearly demonstrate the presence of OH … Cl hydrogen bonding. This observation contradicts an earlier conclusion, based on X-ray structural studies, that such hydrogen bonding could not occur in this high-temperature form of choline chloride. A moderate reinterpretation of the X-ray data may reconcile these contradictory conclusions. Unlike α-choline chloride, β-choline chloride does not show CH … Cl hydrogen bonding. It is possible that loss of CH … Cl hydrogen bonding is a factor in the marked difference in radiation sensitivity of the α- and β-forms.
A flow boiling heat transfer experiment platform was designed and built using alternative refrigerant R134a as the working fluid.It can be used for investigation on two-phase flow and boiling heat transfer characteristics and fluid-to-fluid modeling of critical heat flux.Some problems concerning the materials,welding,sealing,thermal insulation,special machining and accessories are discussed in detail.