Extension and Advisory Services for Organic Basmati Rice Production in Jammu and Kashmir, India: A Case Study of Sarveshwar Organic Foods Ltd.
Organic farming of basmati rice in the Jammu and Kashmir region requires specialized extension to maintain standards, and this requires additional training for the farmers that goes beyond the regular extension given to rice farmers in the region. Extension from the company helps the farmers to maintain the standards of input use needed in organic farming, as well as the quality of outputs that can be certified as organic and sold in the export market. While the farmers get a premium price for the produce, the company also gains through higher profit margins. Lessons from the case study show that private extension services for specialized produce such as organic farming can increase the welfare of the farmers when they are organized for specific purposes.
Along with the increases of 3G relevant products and the updating regulations of 3G phones, 3G phones are gradually replacing 2G phones as the mainstream product in Taiwan. Therefore, accurate 3G phones demand forecasting is necessary for those communication related enterprises. Recently,support vector regression (SVR) has been successfully applied to solve nonlinear regression and time series problems. This investigation presents a 3G phones demand forecasting model which combines chaotic sequence with genetic algorithm to improve the forecasting performance. Subsequently, a numerical example of 3G phones demand data from Taiwan is used to illustrate the proposed SVRCGA model. The empirical results reveal that the proposed model outperforms the other three existed models, namely the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, the general regression neural networks (GRNN) model, and SVRGASA model.