Numerical study on the operational performance of spray column direct contact heat exchangers
Spray columns have received considerable attention as direct contact heat exchangers due to their potential high throughput, as well as their near perfect counterflow operations if one-dimensional flow is obtainable. In practice, the degree of success in obtaining one-dimensional flow has depended on the design of the injectors for the disperse and continuous phases. In the past, the design of the injectors have been a trial and error procedure not sufficiently backed up by analyses. In this paper, theoretical analyses are carried out and several designs are evaluated. The influence of proper inlet conditions for the continuous phase to assure near one-dimensional flow is illustrated.
Chemosensory devices with self organized structures and artificial receptors are developed for a wide field of applications. Supramolecular hosts, highly ordered liquid crystal phases and even Langmuir Blodgett films are promising recognition elements. Cage compounds such as tert- butyl-calix[n]arene show high preorganization due to their rigid walls and form highly symmetrical cavities suitable for host guest inclusion of analytes. Disturbance of the highly ordered cholesteric and nematic phases influences the optical and dielectric properties of these materials.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.