Parent involvement in early intervention: what role does setting play?
This study compared levels of parent involvement in early intervention services for children under three which were delivered in community settings (children’s homes and child care programs) and specialized settings (early intervention centers and provider offices) in the USA. Respondents reported the highest levels of parental involvement in the home. However, level of involvement in the home was not significantly higher than the provider’s office for parent attendance, quality and content of parent-provider communication, and effective instruction; level of provider communication and instruction to parents was not significantly higher in the home than in the early intervention center. Early intervention services in the child care setting were associated with the lowest levels of parent involvement. With the exception of child care, these results suggest that specialized and natural settings are associated with similar levels of parent involvement.
Income structure and price level are the important factors influencing the household consumption in rural areas.Adjusting the structure of income distribution and controlling the level of consumer price are the key to expanding domestic demand.So it is of great significance to research the income structure of rural residents and the impact of the price level on consumer expenses.The paper uses the relative grey incidence degree model to analyze the impact of rural residents' income structure and price level on consumer expenses in our country during the "Eleventh Five-Year" period.The findings show that the greatest impact comes from the net income of the household business,while among the various consumer price indexes,food consumer price index has the strongest influence on consumer expenses.The paper puts forward some countermeasures at last according to the findings through analysis made above.