Survey report: the instructional practices of graduate level public administration internship programs
Although there is wide agreement among public administration educators that internships can be educationally valuable learning experiences for students, there is also a growing awareness that internships are not automatically valuable. Because of this awareness, there has been increasing interest in identifying appropriate campus-based activities and assignments to structure internship experiences in educationally relevant ways. In order to contribute to this on-going discussion, a study of the instructional practices of internship programs was undertaken and completed in August, 1988. A survey of 96 internship directors/faculty involved in graduate level internship programs at NASPAA-member schools was part of the study. The survey focused on identifying the number and kinds of campus-based instructional activities being used and on gathering descriptions and evaluations of selected academic components and assignments. The survey results show that public administration internship programs are actively in...
Abstract Although they create considerable economic benefits, industrial parks emit tremendous amounts of pollution and consume significant environmental resources. This investigation examines problems associated with managing an industrial park. It begins by defining an industrial park system and its sustainability. Next, using systems thinking, managing for results, driving-force-pressure-state-impact-response, and system dynamics, we develop a management framework and an indicator system. A framework with triple decision layers is established to link the management of an industrial park with its manufactories. Based on this framework, proposed indicators and their driving force–pressure–state–impact–response relationships are integrated into an optimization model to maximize sustainability, so that sustainability of an industrial park is assessed as total quantity management is performed. A prototype of a total quantity and sustainability management strategy for industrial parks is developed, based on ...