Competitive ionic hydration involving outer-shell solvent: temperature dependence
Retardation of proton dissociation from the excited state of 1-naphthol by added LiCl, MgCl 2 , and CaCl 2 in aqueous solutions is studied as a function of salt concentration and temperature. The observed «salt effects» cannot be satisfactorily explained by using the bulk properties of electrolytic solutions such as water activity. It is found that near room temperature the proton dissociation is strongly affected by an intermediate hydration region of an ion, which couples the «primary solvation shell» to the bulk region of the solvent
This paper deals with the study on the extracting conditions of flavonoid from tea.Response surface methodology was used to obtain the optimum extracting conditions by Design-Expert 6.0.The research findings show that the optimum extracting conditions were as follows:extracting 60 min,water temperature 80℃,60%alcohol,10 times volumes.