Achieving continuous VT performance in a dual VT process
In this paper, we present a novel approach to obtain any desired intermediate threshold voltage in a dual V T process. The intermediate threshold voltages are achieved by combining low and high threshold voltages in a device. We show that this combination can be easily implemented in layouts with negligible design and manufacturing overhead. Our results show that power-delay characteristics of the achieved intermediate thresholds match well with the ideal (but impractical) scenario that assumes that all intermediate thresholds are available in the technology.
The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental benefits resulting from the construction of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Mitilini, Greece. The main benefits identified were the improvement of the coastal water quality and subsequent impacts on citizens’ activities. The valuation was conducted using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) through the elicitation of individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP). Due to the significant amount of zero and protest responses, different measurements of mean WTP were calculated and the need for further research on social factors which influence individuals’ valuation is emphasized.