The subjects of poverty, inequality, and population are integral to the study of human development. Poverty and taxation, distribution of wealth and deprivation, extent of child labour, and composition of the population are all significant indicators of socio-economic development that demand both rigorous measurement and careful analysis in the assessment of a society's progress. The authors employ measurement of these key indicators to assess: potential impact of redistributive taxation on poverty; nexus between poverty and child labour; distribution of wealth in a society; and the crucial aspects of age and gender composition of population. The ability to obtain meaningful answers to these questions is frequently determined by the ability to measure the extent and composition of poverty, inequality, and population. Thus, this volume addresses both the formal elements of measurement as well as applications of these in addressing the substantive elements of development.
The UN Resolution heralding the Sustainable Development Goals pledges to leave no one behind, and moreover “to reach the furthest behind first”. This priority echoes the priority to the worst-off that is being discussed in philosophy, economics and related disciplines, but also the pleas of many actors who represent or fight for the most disadvantaged populations. This paper argues that serious theories do support such a priority and that the best policies implementing this priority do not necessarily involve the most intuitive anti-poverty targeted measures.
Summary ::: Although depression has been associated to worst bone physical properties in adulthood, this study showed that depressive symptoms were not significantly associated to bone mineral density measured at the forearm during adolescence.