From Cash To Accruals In Portuguese Local Government Accounting: What Has Truly Changed
As many countries, Portugal has been reforming governmental accounting since the beginning of the 1990s. The system in force results from the first law-based governmental accounting general plan passed in 1997, which was adapted to Local Government in 1999. Using double- entry, the Portuguese Local Government accounting framework currently combines cash-based budgetary accounting with accrual-based financial and cost accountings, providing information for both accountability and decision-making. While recognising considerable innovations, this paper presents some difficulties implementing the reforms, whereas highlighting some limitations still remaining in the Portuguese new local governmental accounting system. It also discusses why, together with other reasons, those shortcomings make budgetary cash-based information still to be given more importance, namely by internal users.
With the use of data and concrete examples, such as ::: a mini-case study, and a focus on the top 20 global players, this ::: thesis aims at tackling Capex issues in the telecom industry by ::: covering: – Uses, levels, inefficiencies in Capex management, ::: notably via insider perspective, and their impacts on capital ::: allocation; – Financing of Capex via debt and the recent ::: development of asset monetization; – Specific trends (NSA, VNOs) ::: and M&A in the telecom industry and their impacts on Capex, via ::: the case study of the French SFR-Numericable ::: transaction.