Modeling of Ribosome Dynamics on a ds-mRNA under an External Load
Protein molecules in cells are synthesized by macromolecular machines called ribosomes. According to the recent experimental data, we reduce the complexity of the ribosome and propose a model to express its activity in six main states. Using our model, we study the translation rate in different biological relevant situations in the presence of external force and the translation through the RNA double stranded region in the absence or presence of the external force. In the present study, we give a quantitative theory for translation rate and show that the ribosome behaves more like a Brownian Ratchet motor. Our findings could shed some light on understanding behaviors of the ribosome in biological conditions.
The aim of this thesis is to propose a new efficient numerical tool, based on the ::: kinematic theorem of limit analysis, for the study of masonry shell and 3D ::: structures with or without FRP reinforcement. ::: The approach consists of two steps. In step I unreinforced masonry strength ::: domains are obtained with a FE limit analysis procedure applied to a representative ::: element of volume constituted by a central brick interacting with its six neighbours ::: by means of rigid plastic interfaces (mortar joint). In step II, the unreinforced ::: strength domains are implemented in a novel upper bound FE limit analysis code ::: for the analysis at collapse of entire masonry curved and 3D structures.