Weapons and weapon systems/Weapon systems; Management and economics/Financial management; Weapons and weapon systems/Conventional weapons
: Anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) has been a key driver of discussion on the operational level of war for several years. In the use of this phrase, there are underlying assumptions that do not necessarily serve the goal of finding the best ways to operate and win wars in the future. This paper challenges the assumption that A2/AD is a new way of war. It then argues that A2/AD encourages symmetrical capabilities-based solutions at the expense of operational solutions. Finally, it challenges the underlying assumption that access has been lost to the extent that the name applies. Then the paper draws conclusions concerning the usefulness of using the A2/AD lens for solving today's operational problems, and recommends steps toward answering the significant challenges that anti-access threats pose.
In order to identify the group of muscles related to deterioration of balance function in the elderly, an exploratory experiment was conducted to analyze and study the influence of lower limb muscular fatigue on balance disturbance in the stable upright position. A stabilometer and a multipurpose muscle function testing and training system were used to assess 12 normal healthy subjects. Evaluations were made using the total trajectory length and the trajectory length per unit area with the eyes-open for 30 seconds. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Ver. 13.0 with analysis of variance (repeated measures) at a significance level of below 5%. In the gluteus maximus muscles, the total trajectory length showed a significant downward trend while the trajectory length per unit area showed a significant upward trend.