Pain in the ear--with special reference to referred pain.
This study was carried out to determine the true pathology in a group of patients (100) who presented to the outpatient clinic with pain in the ear, as their main or only complaint. An analysis of the results is presented and the literature is reviewed. From this study, it appears that referred pain is commoner than pain due to lesions in the ear itself, as seen in an Out-Patient Clinic.
Abstract This study estimates the employment effects of industry-specific, collectively bargained minimum wages in Germany for two occupations associated with the construction sector. I propose a truly exogenous control group in contrast to the control group design used in the literature. Further, a difference-in-differences-in-differences estimator is presented as a robustness test for occupation-specific and/or industry-specific, time-varying, unobserved heterogeneity. I do not find a significantly negative employment effect, even though the minimum wage is binding in (East) Germany. Possible explanations include substitution effects, non-compliance and models of monopsonic competition.