Weight-bearing activity and foot parameters in Native Americans with diabetes with and without foot sensation.
Amputations from diabetic foot ulcers account for substantial health care costs and pain. At the point of neuropathy, it has been recommended that weight-bearing activities (WBA) be restricted to reduce the risk of ulcers. While regular WBA has been shown to control glycemia, stress from this exercise may lead to ulcers by various processes. This investigation compared Native Americans with diabetes, with or without foot sensation and who reported regular or no leisure-time WBA, with variables of significance for risk of diabetic foot ulcers. Analysis revealed that there were no differences in barefoot standing plantar pressure or plantar skin hardness between the four groups. Further study is recommended with a larger sample and the use of instruments that are more valid and reliable.
Revised version of a paper presented to the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology Conference, Sydney, 2-3 October 2003 - disproportionate number of indigenous persons in the criminal justice system - the concept of 'just deserts' in regard to indigenous punishment - legislative reforms are needed to empower the judiciary in the sentencing process - must take account of the historical fact of dispossession - destructive effects on indigenous communities.