Paramagnetic relaxation of E' centers in gamma-irradiated fused quartz
Pulse methods were used to study the longitudinal and transverse paramagnetic relaxation of E' centers in ..gamma..-irradiated fused quartz. The E' center concentrations studied ranged from 10/sup 16/ to 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/. It was found that the transverse relaxation is due to the dipole--dipole interactions of the centers. The longitudinal relaxation is mainly due to the interaction with thermal vibrations of the matrix, although a cross-relaxation mechanism dependent on the E' center concentration begins to operate when this is of the order of 10/sup 17/--10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/. The spectral diffusion mechanism contributes to the decay of the stimulated echo signal.
The antenna of the present invention includes: a ground pattern and the ground pattern toward the side notch from the position farthest from the edge portion of the planar element power supply, the ground pattern and the planar element are juxtaposed. By providing cutouts, it can be downsized, and ensures a path for the current to achieve emission of the low frequency band. Further, since the ground pattern and the planar element are juxtaposed, thereby reducing the volume set, and easy to control the antenna characteristic, especially impedance characteristics, which can achieve a wide band.