Formation of evenly spaced ridges and valleys
Ridges and valleys in many landscapes are uniformly spaced, but no theory has predicted this fundamental topographic wavelength. A characteristic length scale is now derived from equations of mass conservation and sediment transport; it is found to be directly proportional to the valley spacing in models of landform evolution, and to the measured valley spacing at five study sites in the USA.
In this paper,the soil disturbance induced by the construction process of dry-cement jet mixing columns,the change of the radial stress and the tangential stress,and the analytial solution of the radial displacement are all analysed in this paper,the analytial solution to the boundary between the plastic section and the elastic section is also included.