REDARS 2 Methodology and Software for Seismic Risk Analysis of Highway Systems
The Risk of Earthquake Damage for Roadway Systems (REDARS) 2 report provides the basic framework and a demonstration application of the Seismic Risk Analysis (SRA) methodology and its modules. It also describes results from six years of work to update the methodology, program this methodology into a public-domain software package, and test and document this software. The main modules of the REDARS 2 SRA methodology include hazards, components, system and economic. The northern Los Angeles, California highway system is used as a demonstration application of the SRA methodology. Eleven appendices are provided in PDF on the included CD-ROM. References, tables and many figures supplement the text as well.
This paper analyzes the use of CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) high resolution images to map urban limits of a small city in the Amazon Region of Brazil. The use of Sino-Brazilian satellite images to study small cities of the Brazilian Amazon Region is also discussed. A HCR image was used to classify the image of the study area into four classes: urban, forest, clouds, and shadows, by visual interpretation. This map was compared with another map produced with unsupervised classification. A confusion matrix was produced to evaluate the accuracy of unsupervised classification. Comparison between the reference map (visual interpretation) and the unsupervised classification map verified that 82.8% of the areas were classified correctly. This ability to recognize and delimitate small cities in Amazonia demonstrates the quality of the CBERS – HCR image.