In 2001 , while studying European economics at a Viennese university of applied sciences , he authored a paper about Islamism in Europe , which was published in Germany in 2001 .
In 2001 he wrote a university paper about islamism in Europe , which has been published later in Germany .
He is a member of the Knesset between 1973 and 1992 and again from 1999 until 2003 . He served as Minister of Defense three times and once as Minister of Foreign Affairs .