Summary. This chapter presents an affective bi-modal Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) with emphasis on the early stages of its creation. Affective ITSs are expected to provide a more human-like interaction between students and educational software. The ITS is named Edu-Affe-Mikey and its tutoring domain is Medicine. The two modes of interaction presented in this chapter concern the keyboard and the microphone. Emotions of students are recognised by each modality separately and then, evidence from the two modalities is combined through a decision making theory. After emotion recognition has been performed Edu-Affe-Mikey adapts dynamically its tutoring behaviour to an appropriate emotion of an animated tutoring agent. In this respect an affective and adaptive interaction is achieved in the interactions of the student with the ITS, by performing both affect recognition and affect generation.
This paper proposes a sentiment measurement system that is based on the relation between speech parameters and included emotion and that is implemented through a learning process using speech data which include known sentiments. In this study, “emotion” and “sentiment” are distinguished in a model of emotional communication by speech which for the first time includes the viewpoint of the observer in addition to those of the speaker and the listener. The sentiment measurement system is constructed by implementing a computational model of the observer. A fuzzy control method is applied in the learning process. The effectiveness of the system is verified by experiments in which the system outputs are compared with psychological evaluations by human subjects. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(4): 59–68, 2001
Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.