Memory disruption by unilateral low level, sub-seizure stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus.
Abstract In four experiments 413 male albino rats were used to evaluate memory disruption during a retention test given 24 hr after passive avoidance learning. In Experiment 1, unilateral brain stimulation of 5 μA intensity significantly disrupted retention when applied to the amygdala but not to the dorsal hippocampus. This finding of retention disruption following amygdala stimulation was further corroborated in Experiment 2, and stimulation in the medial nucleus was indicated as the primary source for the obtained disruption. In Experiment 3, epileptogenic effects of 5 μA amygdala stimulation on hippocampal activity were contraindicated. In Experiment 4, use of a finer wire electrode to study the relative importance of individual nuclear groups confirmed that stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus caused retention disruption.
The article describe operating principle of the single-particle microbeam device,we implanted the SAM and RAM of embryos with a 2.0 MeV of energy and 25 μm of diameter proton microbeam at the fluence of 6×106ions.The embryos' root patterning parameters was observed in detail,such as the development of primary root and the formation of lateral root.The results indicated that some contributions of vacuum treatment might be involved in the biological effects,ion-beam bombardment and the interactions might be existed between each other.The results showed that auxin signal transduction might be relevant.