We used a standardized canine polytrauma model (bone fracture, soft-tissue injury, and hypovolemia), either with or without reinfusion, to study granulocyte accumulation in lung, liver, and muscle tissue. Infusion of radioactively labeled granulocytes revealed significant leukostasis in the lung after the shock procedure, which was more prominent in the group without reinfusion. There was only moderate leukostasis in the liver, while granulocytes were absent from muscle tissue. These radioactive data were in good agreement with the morphologic findings of electron microscopy. Thus, although there was capillary endothelial swelling in all three organs, edema in the muscle endothelial cells of reperfused animals was not due to granulocyte action.
Introduction ::: Bilirubin is well-recognized marker of hepatic dysfunction in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Multiple organ failure often complicates acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) evolution and is associated with high mortality. The effect of early hepatic dysfunction on ARDS mortality has been poorly investigated. We evaluated the incidence and the prognostic significance of increased serum bilirubin levels in the initial phase of ARDS.
The resources of refractory gold ores are abundant, and their effective treatment can bring good economic benefits. This paper investigated the kinetics of leaching gold from refractory gold ores by ultrasonic-assisted electro-chlorination. The effects of ultrasound time ratio, initial hydrochloric acid concentration and leaching temperature on the kinetic parameters were discussed. It is found that the leaching ratio goes up with all the factors increasing. The reaction kinetics is controlled by diffusion. When ultrasound improves the diffusion by reducing the diffusion resistance, the activation energy increases to 37.1 kJ/mol.