Elemental Content and Functional Group Analysis of Humic Acids in Fossilized Soils of Different Ages
A comparative study of elemental composition, thermal characteristics, and IR and NMR spectra of humic acids recovered from modern and fossilized soils was made. The results obtained allow reconstruction of trends in variation of the environmental conditions in the course of soil formation at lake depressions in the Khakassia over a period from 3400 to 850 years before present day.
In order to estimate hydrodynamic impact states of the full-scale transport fuselage skin in planned emergency landing (ditching) or unplanned water contact of a civil transport, we conducted vertical drop water impact tests on box-like small articles with various bottom configurations and a scaled size fuselage section structure of a civil transport. We estimated hydrodynamic impact pressure of the bottom surface of the scaled size fuselage section article from test results with box-like test articles which has the equivalent radius of curvature and stiffness to the real fuselage section structure. Moreover, we verified the estimation method by finite element analysis with non-linear explicit finite element analysis code, LS-DYNA using arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method.