High-performance circular probe-fed stacked patch antenna designs are explored through the use of numerical optimization. New trends are sought to aid understanding and to suggest novel solutions. We describe the optimization technique, present a new design trend relating efficiency and bandwidth to the choice of substrate dielectric, and propose and demonstrate a novel, optimized antenna achieving 33% bandwidth whilst maintaining greater than 80% surface wave efficiency.
We investigate the parameters that control the impedance and radiation performance of proximity coupled stacked microstrip patch radiators. In particular we explore the relationship required between the dielectric layers to achieve broadband behavior and also how the dimensions of the stacked radiators and the relative location of the feed can influence the impedance response. Bandwidths in excess of 20% can be achieved with careful layer design. We also investigate the dielectric layer configurations required to achieve broadband impedance responses when higher dielectric constant feed material is used. This latter study is of particular importance when designing MMIC compatible printed antennas.
Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.