Fracture of steels with the ferrite-pearlite structure in a liquid-metal environment
A study has been made of the effects produced by a liquid-metal environment on the mechanical properties and the character of fracture of the steels with the ferrite-pearlite structure containing from 0.03 to 0.8% carbon under the static and cyclic loading. The liquid metal environment has been shown to facilitate the development of plastic deformation in the surface layer of a specimen. The liquid metal has been shown to affect the character of failure. The effect of liquid metal causing deterioration of the properties is smaller in the pearlite specimens under static loading compared to ferrite specimens, and in specimens under cyclic loads the effect is reversed. The results have been analyzed and a mechanism of the effects produced by liquid metal on the failure processes has been suggested
Publisher Summary ::: Wave propagation in asymmetrically stacked composite laminate, because of high frequency impact loading, is studied using a new spectral finite element (SFE) formulation. This novel element is developed using matrix methodology similar to finite element (FE) formulation and has an exact dynamic stiffness matrix, obtained by exactly solving the governing Navier equation in the frequency-domain. As the mass distribution is modeled exactly, the element gives the exact frequency response of each layer. Thus, one element may be as large as one complete layer; and as a result, the system size is nominal compared to the conventional FE system sizes. The fast-Fourier transform (FFT) and Fourier series are used for inversion to the time/space domain. The element captures the essential wave propagation phenomena successfully and demonstrates Rayleigh wave in the surface and Stoneley wave in composite layer interfaces.