Cytotoxic Oxepinochromenone and Flavonoids from the Flower Buds ofRosa rugosa
A new oxepinochromenone, rugosachromenone A (1), seven new flavonoids, rugosaflavonoids A–G (2–8), and 11 known compounds (9–19) were isolated from the flower buds of Rosa rugosa. Compound 1 is found from Nature for the first time. Compound 2 displayed cytotoxicity against NB4, SHSY5Y, and MCF7 cells with IC50 values of 2.2, 2.5, and 2.3 μM, respectively, and 3 was toxic to A549 and MCF7 cells with IC50 values of 1.2 and 2.8 μM, respectively.
The frequency of documented outbreaks of human illness associated with consumption of consumption of raw fruits and vegetables has increased in recent years. In present study 10 different fresh produce were proceed for standard plate count to evaluate the existence of endophytic bacterial human pathogens. This study revealed that out of the tested samples 60% were found to be contaminated with Salmonella spp. While 50% were loaded with endophytic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Maximum contamination was observed in leafy vegetables like spinach and coriander. While in Carrot, onion and radish pathogens was not observed. The potential internalization of pathogens in fresh produce is a concern of food safety and enlight the chances of epidemic outbreaks.