The Validity of Fiedler's Contingency Logic
Summary Two studies with Lebanese subjects examined Fiedler's style/situational-match logic and the relationship between situational control and students' achievement in high and low least-preferred co-worker (LPC) schools. Findings in the first study refuted Fiedler's contingency logic and indicated a positive relationship between high LPC scores and school outcomes regardless of the favorableness of the situation; low LPC related negatively to school outcomes in favorable and moderately favorable situations. In the second study, findings refuted Fiedler's contention that low LPC principals with a favorable situation are effective and also showed that the situational control variables, task structure, and position power are more important than the leader-member relations in influencing students' achievement, especially outside the school.
Considering all the factors which affect the temperature field of concrete cable-stayed bridge and the actual state of construction control, the authors simplify the complicated border conditions to two simple temperature loads. The method of finite element has been used to solve the short term forecast of temperature field. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of this method.