The results from the Myers-Briggs 7Tpe Indicator (MBTI), which identified preferred psychological traits for 131 nursing students, were compared to their usage levels of course objectives in an undergraduate course in anatomy and physiology. The three usage levels (user, occasional user, and nonuser) were also compared to exam scores in the course, overall grade point averages (GPA) in first-year nursing, and the various psychological traits measured by the MBTI. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that users of objectives achieved significantly higher exam scores and maintained a higher GPA than occasional and nonusers. The MANOVA also indicated that users of course objectives preferredasensingjudging modality, whereas nonusers preferred an intuiting perceiving style to guide their studying and learning.
Health evaluation research often employs multivariate designs in which data on several outcome variables are obtained for independent groups of subjects. This article examines statistical procedures for testing hypotheses of multivariate mean equality in two-group designs. The conventional test for multivariate means, Hotelling’s T2, rests on certain assumptions about the distribution of the data and the population variances and covariances. When these assumptions are violated, which is often the case in applied health research, T 2 will result in invalid conclusions about the null hypothesis. This article describes parametric procedures that are robust, or insensitive, to assumption violations. A numeric example illustrates the statistical concepts that are presented and a computer program to implement these robust solutions is introduced.
Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.