Working Strategies for Addressing Microzoning Studies in Urban Areas: Lessons from the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake
The Italian territory is affected by frequent seismic events producing high intensity in the near-field areas. Hence the seismic effects in Italy “can be considered as historical variables of the degree of intensity: historical building techniques, economic levels and population size”. In recent years, the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) evidenced that the high economic losses due to the strong earthquakes occurred in Italy up to 2003 rapidly increase over time due to the rapid urbanization of several portions of the territory. According to these concerns, the present study focuses on microzoning studies in the Aterno Valley after the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. The authors show the role played by geo-lithological conditions in the amplification effects occurred at different sections of the Aterno Valley and discuss the efficiency of some geophysical techniques to characterize the local seismic response at the site.
Aiming at Shenyang Metro in construction,analysis of influence of advance small duct grouting on metro tunnel excavation is conducted.By different layout in ring of small duct,based on surrounding rock stress and displacement of each monitored point of tunnel,the rational layout is given.which has important reference meaning to similar tunnel engineering.