A new concept of energy network system, `optical power system', was proposed. In this system, optical power is generated at a laser facility and it is distributed to users through optical fiber such as electric power system. The authors have started a feasibility study of this concept based on the latest chemical oxygen-iodine laser technology. 23.4% of chemical efficiency was obtained using nitrogen as buffer gas. Buffer gas cooling remarkably increased chemical efficiency. Liquid-jet type singlet oxygen generator (SOG) and twisted aerosol SOG (TA-SOG) were compared with the same setup. TA-SOG showed good performance especially in the high gas flow velocity range.
An experimental parametric investigation was made of a compact supersonic chemical oxygen — iodine laser. The output power of the laser was increased by displacing the point where iodine vapour was added to singlet oxygen from the subsonic to the transonic region of gas flow and by cooling of nitrogen. The output power was 200 W for a Mach number 1.5 in the cavity when the chlorine flow rate was 10 mmol s-1. An increase of the flow rates of all the gases and of the pressure in the singlet-oxygen generator by a factor of 1.6 resulted, when the other conditions were kept constant, in a proportional increase in the laser output power. An estimate of the chemical efficiency was in good agreement with the experimental value of 22%.
Background ::: Serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations and calcium-phosphate product (CPP) levels are positively associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but there are few data for Pi or Ca and none for CPP in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).