The past decade has witnessed an outpouring of scholarship on the neoliberal city. Most of the widely read work on this topic has been theoretical, critical and tends to explore the larger political and economic mechanisms that structure urban space, foster social injustice and incite activism. However, missing from this body of literature is a recent critical study that examines the role of place theory and place-based resistance to neoliberal globalization in an urban context. This study draws from empirical research in North America to reveal the creative, complex and often contradictory ways some urban communities actualize a local sense of place in reaction to pervasive neoliberal forces. This paper suggests that employing a sense of place perspective may shed light on the ways local activists are prioritizing the local scale in an attempt to negotiate the complex and even contradictory policies evident in the current neoliberal period.
The paper explores the issue of temporary projects on vacant land, focusing on London in the 2007–2012 downturn. Using a case study approach, a link has been identified between the success of temporary projects and a longer-term vision, as well as a move towards better integration between temporary occupants and developer/landowner. Within this paradox the whole idea of temporariness is put under question, as is the traditional mainstream depiction of bottom-up in opposition to top-down action. These trends are contextualized within the dynamics of recession that has triggered new types of creative conversations between parties traditionally considered in opposition, and may contribute to reframing urban development as an incremental, organic and collaborative process.
The existence of a winning strategy in the well-known Banach-Mazur game in a completely regular topological space X is proved to be equivalent to the generic existence of solutions of optimization problems generated by continuous functions in X