Value network design approach for sanitation system in developing countries - Lessons from two Japanese models -
This study focuses on and analyzes two Japanese cases; one is current sanitation system consists of centralized sewerage system and decentralized treatment, other is excrement recycling system which had been existing until early 20th century. This study aims to discuss on reasonable tactics and approach for sanitation system in developing countries on the basis of lessons from two Japanese models.
Publisher Summary With respect to the quality problems of groundwater, the streamlines and travel times in a flow region should be assessed. Especially in flow problems in the vertical plane, that is, underneath a waste disposal, the presence of inhomogeneities, such as clay layers, is very important. This chapter presents a method for the calculation of the stream function all through the flow domain based upon the finite-element method. In this flow domain, which is divided in elements with various transmissivities, internal sources or sinks may be present. Also, the porous medium can be anisotropic.