An experimental study of the transonic equivalence rule with lift: Part II
The experimental study of the transonic equivalence rule with lift, previously reported in Reference 1, has been extended to include a configuration of swept-back wing-body and the corresponding equivalent bodies for lift and zero-lift. For zero lift, the wing-body is shown to have higher wave drag than that of the equivalent body. At lifting condition, the analyses of the data, including those of the delta wing-bodies reported in Reference 1, have verified the similitude of drag rise due to lift between the wing-bodies. The additional drag induced by the effective area due to lift on the equivalent body was found to agree reasonably with the wave drag generated by lift on the wing-body. The experiment thus verified the area rule with lift which must be considered in the optimal design of transonic configurations.
This paper empirically investigates whether the quantity deficit in the children of the mother’s preferred gender is compensated through their favorable treatment in terms of investment in schooling (what we call a compensating hypothesis) in an environment where schooling opportunities are limited. We use data from siblings in two rounds of the demographic and health surveys of Ethiopia for empirical analysis. Using the gender ratio of the mother’s own siblings and the birth of same sex twins as instruments for gender ratio gap, we estimate binary choice models with clustering for school attendance using generalized instrumental variable techniques with interactive instruments. Our empirical evidence appears to be consistent with the compensating hypothesis that the larger the excess of actual proportion of girls over the mother’s desired proportion, the smaller a girl’s chance of attending school and the bigger a boy’s chance of attending school will be.