Expression patterns of bark beetle cytochromes P450 during host colonization: Likely physiological functions and potential targets for pest management
Cytochromes P450 family genes (P450s) are found in a diverse array of organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals to plants to arthropods. Although there are exceptions to this rule, organisms generally contain a fairly large number of P450 genes and pseudogenes in their genomes. For instance, among arthropods whose genomes are well characterized, the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, has about 100; the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has about 89; and the honeybee, Apis mellifera, has about 46.
In this paper, we present a study on the behavior of a polycrystalline silicon cell, specifically the NPP+ structure. The simulation of this structure is done using the PC1D software; this latter allows simulating different structures of photovoltaic cells. The general purpose of the present work is focused on the study of the manner that the cell physical parameters evolve in order to extract the optimal values and then increase the conversion efficiency. The simulation of several parameters such as doping, texturing, textured surface depth, series resistance, shunt resistance, carrier life time and others parameters, make it possible to choose the right parameters values to be used. In this work the efficiency of this studied structure reaches a value of 23%, which represents a good value for this type of cell.