GC- MS identification of Volatile Constituents from Chinese Propolis Extractives by four Different Ways
Objective: To provide references for further study of Propolis. Methods: The volatile components extracted from Chinese Propolis by Soxhlet extraction method, Ultrasonic extraction method, Infusion extraction method and Steam-distilled extraction were comparatively analyzed by GC-MS. Results: The components of extractives by different ways were quite different. Conclusion: Soxhlet extraction method was preliminarily assessed as a convenient, effective and suitable extraction method for Propolis extraction.
A brief overview is presented of the VAMAS Surface Chemical Analysis Technical Working Party project. This project is aimed at providing the reference working base for surface analysis. There are currently 20 projects covering AES, XPS, SIMS, sputtered neutral mass spectrometry and sputter-depth profiling. The coordination of the projects leads to considerable gains in confidence and in project output, together with a reduction in the workload necessary to meet the project targets. This arises simply because of the increased availability of characterized samples, reference methodologies and software within the overall programme. This Technical Working Party has been active for 4 years now and definitive milestones are being achieved that would be impossible without the overall coordination.