Development of CL for Semiconductor Research, Part II: Cathodoluminescence Study of Semiconductor Nanoparticles and Nanostructures Using Low-Electron-Beam Energies
We have developed a cathodoluminescence (CL) system operating under low electron beam energies using thermal field-emission gun. Since a low energy electron beam strongly reduces the electron range, the spatial resolution of our CL system is about 100 nm in the actual operation at 3 kV. Thus, it is appropriate for the optical characterization of semiconductor nanoparticles and nanostructures. In this article, we demonstrate the usefulness of low energy CL system, by introducing the study of ZnO nanoparticles and GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot structures.
Abstract Low concentrations of CdCl2 inhibited cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation in spinach chloroplasts and depressed coupled electron transport to the basal level. The basal electron transport and the electron flow stimulated by several uncouplers, except arsenate, were not affected. The inhibitory effects of cadmium were reversed by dithiols like dithioerythritol or 2,3-dimercaptopropanol. The light-induced pH rise of chloroplast suspensions and the trypsin-activated Ca-ATPase were not affected by cadmium at the concentrations that inhibited ATP synthesis but the latter was affected by higher concentrations.