Social Factors and Language Variations
It is widely acknowledged that language is social and social factors influence and contribute to language variations. People from different cultures or communities use language in different ways. Such language variations reveal speakers' social identity. This article aims to state, by numerous examples, how some social factors influence language variations.
Dennis M. Ray is a visiting scholar at both the Institute of South-east Asian Studies, Singapore, and the Institute of International Relations, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan. This research note reports on a pilot study conducted in Singapore to test whether two scales correlated with either the level of exports or the manner in which export sales were pursued by venture business in Singapore. The study suggests that a cross-cultural experience scale along and in combination with the craftsman-opportunist typology modified to fit various culture settings may be a powerful tool for predicting export activity.