Vegetation patterns influence on soil microbial biomass and functional diversity in a hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China
Purpose ::: Shifts of microbial biomass and functional diversity under different vegetation patterns can impact the soil processes, and the specific knowledge about this can be used to develop sound vegetation restoration strategies. This study was devoted to examine the effects of different vegetation patterns on microbial biomass and functional diversity and explore the relationship between soil erosion and soil microbial properties under typical erosion conditions of the semiarid hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China.
Abstract This study contributes to the literature on socially responsible investing by examining the diversification potential of commodities, specifically oil, gold and clean energy together with the Brazilian Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE). Multivariate GARCH models are used to model volatility spillovers and conditional correlation in pairs of stocks containing ISE. Specifically, A-BEKK and A-DCC models with spillovers are estimated. The models’ results are used to compute and analyze the optimal weights and hedge ratios for stock portfolio holdings. The greatest benefit from diversification is obtained through the acquisition of gold and then OVX.