A CONCERTED TWO-STEP ACTIVATION OF PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSPORT ACROSS LIPID MEMBRANE
Photosensitized reduction of disodium 9,10-anthraquinonedisulfonate was carried out by the use of vesicles incorporating an amphipathic zinc porphinato complex (ZnC12TPyP) and electron mediators. An extremely rapid electron-transport across the vesicle wall was observed with 1,3-dibutylalloxazine as the electron mediator. Two-step activations of the sensitizer (ZnC12TPyP) at the inner- and outer surfaces of vesicles were suggested to account for the electron-transport.
AbstractBackground: One of the topics students have difficulties in understanding is electromagnetic induction. Active learning methods instead of traditional learning method may be able to help facilitate students’ understanding such topics more effectively.Purpose: The study investigated the effectiveness of physical models and simulations on students’ understanding daily life applications of electromagnetic induction.Sample: The nine participants in the study were voluntaries from the fourth year of the physics education undergraduate programme.Design and methods: Lessons were designed to enhance students’ conceptual understanding of electromagnetic induction. Researchers developed multiple generator and simple electric motor models. These models and simulations about Faraday’s Law, magnetic field, magnets, generator and radio waves were used in lessons. The data were collected through open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Open-ended questionnaire was employed in a pre-test and a post...