The role of communication in nursing--perceptual variations in student/teacher responses in Northern Ireland.
The value of sound communication/interpersonal skills in nursing has been clearly demonstrated over recent years. However, precise definition of what constitutes such skills, and how these skills should be developed, remains comparatively ill-defined. This lack of positive definition in turn presents considerable difficulties for nurse training in communication skills, where both the basic purpose and value of such training may be perceived quite differently by teachers and by student nurses. Based on a field study in Northern Ireland, this paper not only highlights some of the existing inadequacies of current nurse training in communication skills, but also examines some of the disturbing wider educational implications of this problem.
To what degree, Nichols asks, does ideology inform images in films, advertising, and other media? Does the cinema or any other sign system liberate or manipulate us? How can we as spectators know when the media are subtly perpetuating a specific set of values? To address these issues, the author draws from a variety of approaches Marxism, psycholanalysis, communication theory, semiotics, structuralism, the psychology of perception. Working with two interrelated theories ideology and image-systems, and ideology and principles of textual criticism Nichols shows how and why we make emotional investments in sign sytsems with an ideological context."