The Dark Side of Planning: Rationality and 'Realrationalität'
Niccolo Machiavelli, the founder of modern political and administrative thought, made clear that an understanding of politics requires distinguishing between formal politics and what later, with Ludwig von Rochau, would become known as Realpolitik. No such distinction has been employed in the study of rationality. Yet I will argue that distinguishing between formal rationality and real rationality is as important for the understanding of rationality and planning as the distinction between formal politics and Realpolitik has been for understanding politics.
In their target article Kalisch et al. provide an appraisal-based model to explain resilience from stress. We posit that for their model it is crucial to understand the begin-state φ, a state that is shaped by early social thermoregulation and through the social network.