Reduced cellular immune competence of a temperature-sensitive dopa decarboxylase mutant strain of Drosophila melanogaster against the parasite Leptopilina boulardi.
1. The melanotic encapsulation response made by larvae of a temperature-sensitive dopa decarboxylase (DDC) mutant strain of Drosophila against the parasitic wasp Leptopilina was severely compromised in hosts with reduced levels of DDC. 2. Dopa and 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) were two hemolymph components identified in hosts exhibiting a melanotic encapsulation response. 3. This is the first study to implicate DDC in insect cellular immune responses, and to provide chemical evidence that the pigment formed during such responses is eumelanin derived from tyrosine.
Abstract A new saponin has been isolated from the molluscicidal extract of the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera . Chemical, enzymatic and spectral methods (D/CIMS, 1 H, 13 C NMR) showed that it was a monodesmosidic diglycoside of the rare sapogenin 27-hydroxyolean-12(13)-en-28-oic acid.