Sib-pair linkage analysis of alcohol dependence taking into account covariates and age-of-onset variability: Evaluation of the residual approach
The construction of residuals allowed us to consider a phenotype related to alcohol dependence (ALDX1) adjusted for age, gender and current smoking status. Using the Haseman and Elston regression test, we compared genome scan results for detection of loci for the unadjusted and adjusted ALDX1 phenotypes in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) data. More markers were significant at the 1% level for the binary than for the residual analyses. Overall, our residual analyses do not show substantial improvement in their ability to detect linkage for alcohol dependence in the COGA data. This may be due to the relatively small sample size of discordant sib pairs.
A large increase has been shown in the number of cyberbullying cases among school students for the past decades. The rates of cyberbullying have increased due to the extensive use of mobile devices among the students. Thus, it is important to identify the factors of cyberbullying in order to address the issues appropriately. The aim of this research is to assess the association of cyberbullying victim with demographic profiles. This study focuses on different types of secondary school in Malaysia. A quantitative method was adopted in this study using survey questionnaires. Chi square test was used to test the association of cyberbullying victim with demographic profiles. Logistic Regression was used to determine the significant factors that contribute to the cyberbullying victim. The results indicate that the type of schools has significant impact to cyberbullying.