Effects of Translational Nonequilibrium in the Shock Wave Front in Dense Gases and Liquids
On the basis of the generalized Enskog kinetic equation, the problem of the structure of a shock wave in dense reacting gases and liquids is solved. It is shown that the physicochemical processes in the zone of translational nonequilibrium (ZTN) in the shock wave front do not obey the Arrhenius kinetics. The rates of high-threshold processes in the ZTN in the shock wave front may exceed these rates in equilibrium behind the front by a factor of 106 and more. An analytical expression is obtained for the rate constant of nonequilibrium processes in the front. Comparison of the results of calculation of the yield of products with broken double bond in the benzene molecule with the experimental data reveals that the formation of these products proceeds by the mechanism of nonadiabatic collisions realized under highly nonequilibrium conditions.
We study in this paper the properties of a two-body random matrix ensemble for distinguishable spins. We require the ensemble to be invariant under the group of local transformations and analyze a parametrization in terms of the group parameters and the remaining parameters associated with the 'entangling' part of the interaction. We then specialize to a spin chain with nearest-neighbour interactions and numerically find a new type of quantum-phase transition related to the strength of a random external field, i.e. the time-reversal-breaking one-body interaction term.