The Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey: A Comparison across Grade Levels
The Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey (PALS) was developed to assess a trichotomous achievement goal structure, which included the following subscales: Task Goal Orientation, Performance-Approach Goal Orientation, and Performance-Avoid Goal Orientation. The use of the PALS in making inferences about these goal orientations was originally validated with a middle school sample of students. In this study, the authors computed Cronbach’s alphas and employed confirmatory factor analytic procedures to provide statistical evidence of the reliability and validity of inferences based on scores from the PALS at the fourth-grade and college levels.
xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Problem Statement 8 Purpose of the Study 10 Research Questions 11 Conceptual Framework 12 Significance of the Study 17 Methodology 18 Limitations of the Study 21 External Credibility 21 Role of the researcher 21 Participant selection 22 Internal Credibility 23 Reactivity 23 Researcher and observational biases 24 Illusory Correlation and Voluptuous Legitimation 24 Definition of Key Terms 25 Outline of Dissertation 30 Chapter 1: Introduction 30 Chapter 2: Literature Review 31 Chapter 3: Methodology 31 Chapter 4: Findings 32 Chapter 5: Discussion 32 Summary 33 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 35 Overview 35 Teacher Knowledge and Face-to-Face Training 35 Emerging Technologies and Staff Development 38