A study on the design and fabrication of electrostatically actuatedRF MEMS switches
In this paper, electrostatically actuated direct contact type RF MEMS switches have been designed and demonstrated. As driving structures of the switch, cantilever, bridge, and torsion spring beam structures are used and the actuation voltage characteristics of the switches have been compared and discussed. The designed RF switches are fabricated with the surface micromachining technology using the electroplated gold and nickel structures. The characteristics of the fabricated switches are measured and analyzed. The switch, which is fabricated using the 510 -length bridge structure with the thickness of 1.5 , is actuated with 15 V driving voltage. The insertion losses are less than 0.2 dB over the measured frequency ranges from 0 to 20 GHz and the isolations are more than 30 dB.
This paper is about appropriate research approaches and collaboration in knowledge development. It is based on two action research projects in Mozambique and Angola, which are both developing new land and planning legislation, and where formal recognition of emerging land markets in a context of nationalised and/or state-controlled land is a crucial issue. The research has stressed the importance of a political–economic analysis of the context and an analysis of the socio-economic situations and cultural perceptions of the urban poor, including actual urban land management/market mechanisms – an approach that permits political and social awareness of the need for appropriate mechanisms and grounds these in local institutions. The paper summarises the results of the research available to date on institutional attitudes, and focuses overall on how socially modified market mechanisms could be established both to protect the poor majority and to create a solid basis for improved urban efficiency. The main foc...