A novel layer-by-layer approach to immobilization of polymers and nanoclusters.
This paper reports a simple method for the multilayer immobilization of conjugated polymers, gold nanoparticles on solid supports. Poly(phenyenevinylene) functionalized with aldehyde and aminooxy groups was chemoselectively immobilized onto both glass and gold substrates via layer-by-layer deposition. The physical properties of the thin films were characterized by grazing angle IR, TM-AFM, fluorescence, and UV-visible spectroscopy. This methodology was also successfully applied to prepare polymer/gold nanocluster alternating multilayers. The results show that this methodology provides a general route for preparing robust and functionalizable multilayer films on solid substrates with molecular-level thickness control.
The review summarizes the results of the study of the spatial structure of bacterial viruses (phages) whose tails seem to be the most primitive contracting biological mechanism. Data on the spatial molecular rearrangement are important for understanding the processes of biological mobility. The computer and laser techniques used in order to obtain information on the three-dimensional structure of the object under study by its two-dimensional electron-microphotography are presented in the first part of the review. The second deals with application of the above mentioned techniques for the study of various bacterial viruses.