what are dependent and independent variables in a research paper
One of the key factors in this process is the identification and operational definition of variables -- traits, characteristics, or other measurable factors that can have different values -- that impact the phenomenon of interest. One is primarily interested in two types of variables: independent variables and dependent variables. The independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated by the researcher. For example, Dr. Harvey has a theory that the way that people dress affects how they are treated by others in the workplace.
dependent variable, (in research) a factor that is measured to learn the effect of one or more independent variables. For example, in a study of the effect of preoperative nursing intervention on postoperative vomiting, vomiting is the dependent variable measured to determine the effect of the nursing intervention.