Conformational Polymorphism in Autophagy-Related Protein GATE-16
Autophagy is a fundamental homeostatic process in eukaryotic organisms, fulfilling essential roles in development and adaptation to stress. Among other factors, formation of autophagosomes critically depends on proteins of the Atg8 (autophagy-related protein 8) family, which are reversibly conjugated to membrane lipids. We have applied X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations to study the conformational dynamics of Atg8-type proteins, using GATE-16 (Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa), also known as GABARAPL2, as a model system. This combination of complementary approaches provides new insight into a structural transition centered on the C-terminus, which is crucial for the biological activity of these proteins.
Polymer flooding is an important method of enhanced oil recovery,however,after long-term development of polymer injection,the reservoir physical properties has changed,and as the reason of the heterogeneity of reservoir development,exiting high permeability and large pore so on.The M124 fault block in the process of polymer flooding along the dominant path emerges channeling flow problem,it seriously restricted the development effect.In order to quickly identify the advantages of channeling the flow passage,the mathematic model is established for optimization advantage channeling circulation way by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.By case analysis shows,using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is an objective and effective method for optimization advantages of channeling the flow passage,which convenient calculation,easy to operate and promotion.