The paper describes an analysis of rain gauge data to determine an appropriate radius of influence to use for the objective analysis of rainfall over Indian monsoon region. The correlation co-efficient (CC) of rainfall between rain gauges in discrete distance intervals is computed, and the distance at which CC falls to 0.3 is chosen as the radius of rainfall influence. The method is applied for the monthly mean rainfall observations for June, July and August of Indian summer monsoon 2001. The method is also tested for a few case studies in relation to varying geographical and synoptic situations. The study shows that the radius of influence of rainfall over Indian region, in general, is around 200 km, but it has certain day to day variations depending on the prevailing synoptic conditions. The finding of the study is expected to be very useful for the objective analysis of rainfall over Indian region.
A cumulative semivariogram (CSV) method is proposed as an optimum analysis technique for producing gridded fields of meteorological regional variables that are sampled at irregular sites as sparse data. After having discussed the basis of the CSV and its theoretical representations by functional models, the procedure of obtaining weighting functions useful for simple optimum analysis calculations from the CSVs is explained. The experimental CSVs are obtained from monthly rainfall data for northwestern Turkey. Following the interpretation of these experimental CSVs, they are converted into experimental weighting functions necessary for optimum analysis. Comparison of these experimental functions is made on an individual monthly basis with other mathematically simple but geometric weighting functions that are available in the meteorology literature. It is observed that none of the available geometric weighting functions represents completely the regional variation within one month. However, the exp...
Microwave devices with the Rollet parameter (k) less than one can always be made stable by resistive loading. In cases where noise figure or output power is at a premium, the performance of an amplifier can often be enhanced by using a design where k is less than unity thereby avoiding resistive loading. While a simultaneous conjugate match is impossible for such conditionally stable designs, single-sided matching can be achieved. Low-noise and power designs are examples where single-sided matching considerations naturally occur. With single-sided matching and 0 >