As someone from a scientific education background I can't help but notice that while, for example, biology is mentioned (and at times important) in the Harry Potter books and potions (akin to chemistry), there are no mentions made of math courses.   The logical explanation to me seems that as a writer, Rowling understood that for most of the target audience, maths won't be at the top of the list of interesting subjects.  However, is there an in-universe explanation as to why mathematics seems absent from the wizarding world?    What about Muggle-born kids who are taught and like math but are then shipped off to Hogwarts where, seemingly, math is a no-no?
I always wondered if children who graduate from Hogwarts have an education that is actually worth while in the real world.  Do the children learn math and English?  I can see History of Magic as practical. I know of Arithmancy, but that's the study of the magical properties of numbers, not math.   Since Hogsmead is one of the very last all-magical towns, it's a fair assumption that a majority of the students at Hogwarts will be living in non-magical towns or cities. If practical classes (like math or English) aren't taught, then how do these students function in the non-magical cities?
The question of whether P=NP is perhaps the most famous in all of Computer Science. What does it mean? And why is it so interesting?  Oh, and for extra credit, please post a proof of the statement's truth or falsehood. :)