Quantitative microscopy of the lung: a problem-based approach. Part 2: stereological parameters and study designs in various diseases of the respiratory tract
Design-based stereology provides efficient methods to obtain valuable quantitative information of the respiratory tract in various diseases. However, the choice of the most relevant parameters in a specific disease setting has to be deduced from the present pathobiological knowledge. Often it is difficult to express the pathological alterations by interpretable parameters in terms of volume, surface area, length, or number. In the second part of this companion review article, we analyze the present pathophysiological knowledge about acute lung injury, diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, emphysema, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma to come up with recommendations for the disease-specific application of stereological principles for obtaining relevant parameters. Worked examples with illustrative images are used to demonstrate the work flow, estimation procedure, and calculation and to facilitate the practical performance of equivalent analyses.
According to fractal characteristics of the arrival passenger flow volume of the urban rail transit station, the paper established the arrival passenger flow volume short-term forecasting model based on the fractal theory. Then, the paper took the AHQB station of MRT Line Four in Beijing as an example and forecasted the short-term arrival passenger flow volume. Lastly, the paper gave a comparison between the predicted value and the actual value, and found that the maximum error was less than 7 %. It indicated that the model established could be used to forecast the short-term arrival passenger flow volume of the urban rail transit, and had better adaptability.