Microemulsions with commercial nonionic surfactants: study of their formation and detergency properties
ABSTRACT Microemulsion regions in systems of commercial nonionic surfactant, water and aliphatic hydrocarbon have been determined. The influence of hydrocarbon chain length, nature of surfactant and temperature in microemulsion formation was studied. Textile deter-gency tests of these microemulsions, in conditions of minimum mechanical energy and at low temperature showed that they are highly efficient to promote soil removal.
Abstract A mixture of mono- and di-substituted nitriles was separated on six different liquid phases, but a mixture of mono- and di-substituted anilines was separated on only two liquid phases. The forces influencing the separation and elution order of these solutes are discussed. The absence of selective interactions between aromatic hydrocarbons and the various liquid phases was proved thermodynamically. An ortho methyl substituent increases the log of the specific retention volumes of the nitrile solutes by an approximately constant amount.