Trends and Volatilities in Heterogeneous Patent Quality in Taiwan
This study analyzes patent trends and volatilities for three heterogeneous quality patents in the Taiwan patent system from January 1973 to June 2006. The estimated models are symmetric GARCH and asymmetric EGARCH, providing full sample, rolling sample, and out-of-sample evidence. Three different patent types exhibit increasing trends, using monthly time series data from our samples. ”New design” patents also show time-varying volatility but other types of patents fail to reject the ARCH LM test. Findings show the asymmetric EGARCH model suitable for “new design” patent type through out of sample forecasts.
The polarisation dependent optical properties of silver nanowire arrays are investigated by angular resolved transmission ::: measurements. The corresponding spectra show clear Fabry-Perot oscillations, which exhibit an unusual shift towards ::: longer wavelengths for the extraordinary waves. From the peak shift both principal dielectric functions of the ::: metamaterial are determined and compared with effective medium theories. Furthermore the equifrequency contours in ::: wave vector diagrams were mapped from the experimental data and compared with theoretical plots confirming the ::: hypberbolic dispersion relation for TM polarised waves.