Divergent effects of conditioned pain modulation on subjective pain and nociceptive-related brain activity
Background and objectives ::: Pain is a complex experience involving both nociceptive and affective–cognitive mechanisms. The present study evaluated whether modulation of pain perception, employing a conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm, is paralleled by changes in contact heat-evoked potentials (CHEPs), a brain response to nociceptive stimuli.
we examine motivations for, and costs/benefits of, participation in three interviews across a one-year period among women recently exposed to intimate partner abuse (IPA). Recruited from publicly accessible police reports, women were not informed that the study focused on IPA in recruiting materials or when they scheduled the first interview. Women ' s ratings on the Response to Research Participation Questionnaire (RRPQ) indicated a positive benefit-to-cost ratio across all three interviews. Negative responses to participation as well as severity of IPA and PTSD symptoms did not predict retention at the next interview. These data dem - onstrate that studies asking about IPA experiences, even when survivors do not know in advance that IPA will be the focus of study, can be implemented within a stable benefit-to-cost ratio over time.