Anomalous azygos vein: a potential danger during endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy.
A report of a patient with an azygos lobe and an associated anomalous azygos vein covering the upper thoracic sympathetic chain. This anomaly poses a significant risk during the procedure of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. A chest X-ray is useful in detecting this anomaly and alerting the surgeon to potential problems.
Objective To study the effects of hyperglycemia on structure of sural nerve.Methods Diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin were killed after twelve weeks.The morphometric quantitative analysis and ultrastructure of sural nerve were performed.Results Compared with normal controls the nerve transactional area and fiber size was markedly reduced.The “splitting” mylin phenominomen was more common in diabetic rats.A large amount of agranular vesicle can be found easily in axon.Conclusion Hyperglycemia can induce significant morphology abnormalities of sural nerve.