In this paper, the novel double-side direct thru kit with non-exchange layer structure is presented. The thru element of open-short-load-thru (SOLT) had been realized base on co-planar waveguide structure by the proposed manufacture flow. The results of thru element are measured by Cascade ACP type RF probe in 3D double-side measurement system. The operating bandwidth is 13.7 GHz with upon −0.2dB forward insertion loss and below −20dB return loss.
This research uses innovative approaches for characteriz- ing spring probes, a flnal-test bottleneck applied to microwave pack- aging. The modeling method depends on conventional microwave on- wafer measurement. This paper compares the novel microwave 3D di- rect calibration and measurement to observe the issues of spring probe reliability. We makes the key component of a novel approach to 3D calibration and measurement, the double-sided thru calibration ele- ment with delay time delivers from 3D EM simulation. The current study compares the modeling method and 3D direct measurement to prove the capability of the latter and presents the reliability about compressing distance of spring probes.
We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.