Effect of nonequilibrium phonons on superconducting states with two coexisting energy gaps
It is shown that under the influence of tunnel currents, superconductors may exhibit a ''first order transition'' to a state with two coexisting energy gaps. An energy and number conserving approximation for the collision operator is used to explicitly take into account in the theory the effect of nonequilibrium phonons. Quantitative predictions for experiments are presented.
We have developed a new framework of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD), to adequately treat the I=0 KN interaction, which is essential to study kaonic nuclei. The improved points are 1) pK{sup -}/nK{sup 0} mixing and 2) total spin and isospin projections. These improvements enable us to investigate various kaonic nuclei (ppnK{sup -}, pppK{sup -}, pppnK{sup -}, {sup 6}BeK{sup -}, {sup 9}BK{sup -}, and {sup 11}CK{sup -}) systematically. We have found that they are deeply bound and extremely dense with a variety of shapes.