Assessment of Chromium Release from Steel Manufacturing Waste
Industrial waste of different origins has been dumped for decades (1950–1980) in a landfill of 150,000 m2 area, a few km from the centre of Torino (NW Italy). A large portion of this landfill, estimated to be in the order of 1,100,000 m3 and extending over a surface of 55,000 m2, is composed of steel manufacturing waste. This study discusses an investigation of this waste mass in order to assess the total Cr concentration and solubility, identify the main Cr-bearing phases and estimate the release of Cr to rainwater leaching through the material and the consequent contamination of groundwater. Figure 1 provides a schematic representation of the landfill.
Iron emission is often a severe contaminant in optical-ultra- violet spectra of active galaxies. Its presence complicates emission line studies. A viable solution, already successfully applied at optical wave- lengths, is to use an empirical iron emission template. We have generated Fe ii and Fe iii templates for ultraviolet active galaxy spectra based on HST archival 1100-3100u spectra of IZw1. Their application allows fitting and subtraction of the iron emission in active galaxy spectra. This work has shown that in particular Ciii) �1909 can be heavily contam- inated by other line emission, including iron transitions. Details of the data processing, generation, and use of the templates, are given by Vester- gaard & Wilkes (2001).