The partial molar volume of ions in water furnishes an indication, if not precise information, about the nature of ionic solvation (1–5). Accordingly, it was hoped that differences in this term and particularly the effect of temperatures on the differences in the apparent partial molar volume for a series of ions in light and heavy water would provide a basis for decisions on the nature of solvation of the benzenesulfonic ion. This ion is of considerable interest in the study of solvolysis, but very little is known about the characteristics of solvation.
The surface chemistry of aqueous solutions plays a ubiquitous role in many chemical and biological processes. Here, the authors probe the surfaces of sodium halide solutions with surface-specific femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy, and observe surface concentrations of halide ions several times greater than in the bulk.
We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.