Two analytical models of double-layer clad sheet compression forming based on the upper bound and the slab methods
Abstract This study aims at the formulations of double-layer clad sheet compression forming based on the upper bound and the slab methods. Assuming the frictions between the upper and lower dies and the clad sheet are constant shear friction, which can be different. Making use of the upper bound method can get the shape of the outer surface, the effective strain distribution, and the compression force. However, the stress distributions just can be obtained by the slab method. In this study, effects of various compression conditions such as the clad thickness ratio, the shear yield stress ratio, the frictional factor ratio, the ratio of width thickness, the frictional factor on the compression characteristics are found by the two methods. It is noted that the comparisons between two methods with compression force are performed in order to realize the feasibility of the two analytical models. The effective knowledge can be offered to forging industries.
Summary In the pilot study, a new geomodeling technology is presented for developing 3D heterogonous geomodels for Athabasca McMurray (MCMR) oil sands. The geomodels were used to simulate SAGD thermal recovery. Both conventional SAGD completions and SAGD with ICD completions were tested. The simulation results show that for a heterogeneous Athabasca McMurray oil sand reservoir, the ICD completion technology enhances oil production and reduces steam consumption. As a result, the economics of SAGD recovery from the heterogeneous sands is improved.