Effects of lesions of thalamic intralaminar and midline nuclei and internal medullary lamina on spatial memory and object discrimination.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either radiofrequency lesions of the lateral internal medullary lamina (IML) or ibotenic acid lesions of the lateral intralaminar nuclei (ILN) and midline nuclei (MLN) or sham treatment. Neither lesion group was impaired in the retention of 3 object pair discriminations acquired before surgery nor in the acquisition of a new object pair after surgery. Rats with ILN, but not IML, lesions were impaired in acquiring an initial and 5 subsequent hidden platform locations in a water maze task. These results suggest that damage to both ILN and MLN are needed to produce spatial learning deficits and that extensive damage to the IML or ILN has no detectable effects on retrograde or anterograde memory of object discriminations.
Most currently available material models for composites do not allow for permanent strain. For applications such as ballistic containment and energy absorption applications, this results in under predicting material performance. This study extends the Matzenmiller, Lubliner and Taylor (MLT) model, a continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based constitutive model for unidirectional composites, to 3D solid elements, and enhances it with permanent strain capability. The model was implemented into the commercially available finite element code LS-Dyna. The model was validated with 3-point bend experiment. It was then used to simulate ballistic impact tests of an aluminum projectile against a glass fiber composite plate. As shown in the results below, this provides significant improvement in prediction of material performance