Zmiany struktury przestrzennej przemysłu województwa małopolskiego
The main goal of the paper is to analyze changes in the spatial structure of industry in the Malopolska region. In particular, the research focuses on industrial change in the period of European integration and during economic crisis. On the basis of the analysis, it was showed that the spatial structure of industry is characterized by stability and has not changed in recent years. However, industrial dispersal and industrial development in the outer zone of the Cracow Metropolitan Area was observed. The Cracow Metropolitan Area, western parts of the region, and a few cities, e.g. Tarnow, Nowy Sącz and Gorlice, are still the most industrialised areas of the Malopolska region.
The proportion of women who withdraw from paid employment when they have children differs considerably among the countries of the European Union (EU), and the variation has mostly been attributed to institutional factors. In this study, we reassess the institutional explanation, because earlier supportive evidence is threatened by two alternative macro-level explanations: the influence of the economic necessity to work and the influence of gender role values in society. Our main research question is whether and to what extent these alternative explanations alter the effect of public childcare arrangements on mothers’ labour supply. Using panel data from 13 countries of the EU, we find evidence in favour of the institutional and economic explanations. In countries with more generous provision of public childcare and in countries with a lower level of economic welfare, the impact of childbirth on female labour supply is less negative than in other countries. Economic welfare appears to suppress rather than ...