Distribution and fractionation of cadmium in soil aggregates affected by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and manure compost
Purpose ::: The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the effects of manure compost and earthworms on Cd mobility in Cd-contaminated soil, (2) to test whether the bioturbation of earthworms reduces the immobilization effect of the manure compost when they are combined, and (3) to explore the distribution of Cd in aggregates formed by earthworms with corresponding fractionation analysis.
Objective To evaluate the effect of the post-processing mode of sewage treatment in two rural areas of Shengzhou and to provide scientific basis for rural toilets renovation.Methods Ten sanitary toilets of three cesspools and four cesspools for each were random selected.The basic situation,routine monitoring and pollutant items were evaluated.Results Routine monitoring items basically reached the sanitary standards and ammonia,COD,BOD5 qualified rate is low.The results of ammonia,phosphorus,COD,BOD5 in three cesspool sanitary toilets significantly better than that of four cesspool sanitary toilets.Conclusion Part of hygiene and pollution item removal rate and qualified rate are low.Harmlessness effect of tree cesspool toilets is better than four cesspool toilets.It is necessary to strengthen design,technical guidance and check in construction of rural toilets.