This study investigates the private enterprise contribution to the development of R&D activities in Romania and in EU. The general approach is focused on the analysis of the managerial methods for stimulating new ideas and creativity in terms of structure and intensity. Our aim was to determine whether the use of these methods in varies depending on the enterprise size, in this case examining the Romanian innovative enterprises. Another concern was to see if there is a real correlation between the gross expenditure for R&D funded by enterprises and the complexity of the motivational scheme of the enterprises.
In this paper we empirically test whether public R&D subsidies crowd out private R&D investment in Flanders and Germany, using firm level data from the Flemish and German part of the Community Innovation survey (CIS III and IV). Both the non-parametric matching estimator and the conditional difference-in-difference estimator with repeated cross-sections (CDiDRCS) clearly indicate that the crowding-out hypothesis can be rejected: funded firms are significantly more R&D active than non-funded firms. In the domain of additionality effects of R&D subsidies, this paper is the first to apply the CDiDRCS method.
Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child.