Effect of externally applied electric field to a light beam self-action in a lithium niobate waveguide
We study the photorefractive self-action of light beams within an iron-doped planar optical waveguide in lithium niobate biased by external electric field, to find the conditions for the formation of quasisteady-state screening-photovoltaic spatial solitons. Their formation is expected to take much shorter time compared with the steady-state photovoltaic solitons.
We provide an overview of the background and recent developments in the study of the morphology evolution of thin film growth. In particular, complex non-local growth effects, including the shadowing effect and the re-emission effect, have been recently shown to significantly alter an evolving growth front. The physical principles behind these non-local effects are discussed, along with techniques used by researchers in the field to model such growth.