Safety study of an experimental apparatus for extraction with supercritical CO2
During the process of supercritical CO2 extraction it is necessary to use high pressures in the procedure. The explosion of a pressure vessel can be harmful to people and cause serious damage to the environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the probability of death and injury in a laboratory unit for supercritical fluid extraction in the case of an explosion of the extractor vessel. The procedure is explained via a case study involving fatty acid extraction from vegetable oils with carbon dioxide above its supercritical conditions and under optimum operating conditions. According to the results, more importance should be given to the use of a protective headset because the probability of eardrum injury is superior to the probability of death from lung injury.
To deal with the market demand and the production organization feature of steel making enterprises,we formulate the optimization of charge design as a cluster analysis problem with quality constraints on chemical compositions.A particle-swarm-optimization-based(PSO-based) solution is proposed for reducing the dimensions based on the principal component analysis(PCA) techniques.The range constraints of chemical compositions for products with similar quality are introduced in terms of traditional process constraints,due time constraints and furnace capacity constraints,etc.The solution adopts an integration schema for charge plan and quality design.It performs the cluster analysis for candidate products with similar chemical compositions and constraints to realize the optimal charge design under quality constraints on steel products of multiple varieties and in small batch demands.