White matter integrity in kleptomania: A pilot study
This study's goal was to examine microstructural organization of frontal white matter in kleptomania. Ten females with DSM-IV kleptomania and 10 female controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Inferior frontal white matter was the a priori region of interest. Trace and fractional anisotropy (FA) were also calculated for frontal and posterior cortical regions in both subject groups. Kleptomania subjects had significantly higher mean frontal Trace, and significantly lower mean frontal FA than control subjects. Group differences remained significant when right and left frontal Trace and FA were analyzed. Groups did not differ significantly in posterior Trace or FA. Kleptomania may be associated with decreased white matter microstructural integrity in inferior frontal brain regions.
When minority enterprise development programs first emerged in the late sixties, a number of critics predicted their early demise. Andrew Brimmer, perhaps t h e most widely quoted, concluded that existing black businesses had arisen thanks to artificial barriers separating white business from black markets. He saw these barriers disintegrating and anticipated greater competit ion for black businesses as more powerful, better-managed white businesses entered the markets of blacks. Brimmer and others also believed that "black capitalism" programs were doomed because they would encourage the formation of small, inefficient black businesses in slow-growing retail and service industries. 1