Deposed by the Russians in 1736, Stanislas had the good fortune to be Louis XV's father-in-law and was given the Duchy of Lorraine as compensation.
Stanislas was awarded the Duchy of Lorraine in return.
The combined effect of the program and R&amp;D expenditures, together with other policies described in the CEF report (including a $50 carbon charge applied in the CEF Advanced Scenario), drove a steady reduction in the need for energy compared to the CEF reference case.