1. Federal fiscal policy affects the federal surplus or deficit which, when measured on a NIPA basis, represents the amount of federal government saving or dissaving, which in turn directly affects national saving.
The federal surplus is affected by fiscal policy
The Normans from Scan?­di?­navia took advantage of the Carolingian dynasty's divided kingdom, pillaging their way inland along the Loire and the Seine, and plundering Paris in 845.