Liberal ideas began mushrooming in France itself, and after Nelson destroyed Napoleon's fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, the French West Indian planters' lifeline with France was all but destroyed as well.
Liberal ideas popped up in France.
South of the Roman Forum, a slope leads up to the Palatine Hill, Rome's legendary birthplace and today a romantic garden, dotted with toppled columns among the wild flowers and spiny acanthus shrubs.