Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 3,926 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,913 ) , Italy  ( 710 )  and the ETC in Romania  ( 303 ) . There are currently 1,096 evacuees from Libya remaining in Niger, including 179 evacuated unaccompanied children.


The air traffic will only be resumed by a letter from the Civil Aviation Authority, after consultation with the relevant authorities," the management explained in a statement, denying setting any specific date regarding this matter.


The source added that Haftar's forces were pushed back to Jaafra area in the center of Urban town, while Libyan Army forces destroyed four of their armored vehicles, indicating that seizing control of Urban is crucial as it is a very significant supply line for Haftar's forces toward Tarhouna.


UNHCR reports that, as at July 2019, there were 52,900 registered refugees and asylum seekers living in Libya, primarily from the Syrian Arab Republic  ( 43 per cent ) , the Sudan  ( 21 per cent )  and Eritrea  ( 13 per cent ) . In 2019 alone, UNHCR has registered over 5,300 individuals, including over 2,200 registered in detention centres.


The Municipal Council of Ghat has called on its citizens, especially those living near the valleys, to take caution after the National Meteorological Center predicted that heavy rains are expected to hit the city on Thursday.


During her mission, Clements assessed the growing humanitarian needs facing the country. While clashes continue daily, many people have lost their homes, face reduced access to services and endure increasing power and electricity cuts. Over 268,000 Libyans are now displaced inside the country, including almost 120,000 displaced since clashes restarted in April.


• In Murzuq, clashes escalated on the 4th August forcing most local markets to close. Shortages of key MEB items have been reported, such as bread, rice, pasta, couscous, beans, tuna, tomatoes and vegetable oil. In order to meet their basic needs, households have been relying on food stocks and are forced to purchase key food products on informal markets with significantly higher prices. 5 According to KIs, markets have been closed for almost the entirety of August.

Impact->Impact on systems, services and networks


Many vulnerable individuals are detained in these centres including children, particularly unaccompanied or separated families, pregnant and nursing women, survivors of trafficking, torture and rape, persons with specific physical or mental needs, and persons living with disabilities.


There have been reports of civilian homes in conflict affected areas being requisitioned for military purposes by both LNA and GNA forces. These requisitions have reportedly taken the form of forced eviction by military forces and the occupation of homes of civilians who had previously displaced. Residential areas in Tripoli, south Libya, and Derna have repeatedly been hit by air strikes, often resulting in significant destruction of civilian objects and objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population.


Intensifying clashes in the southern Libyan town of Murzuq involving air and drone strikes in recent days have left at least 90 people dead and displaced thousands of “terrified' civilians, the UN said on Tuesday.


Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 27 June, the security situation in conflict affected areas in south Tripoli reportedly remained volatile. DTM identified an additional 3,010 displaced families  ( approximately 15,050 individuals )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced persons to at least 23,985 families  ( approximately 119,925 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019.

Displacement->Type/numbers/movements
Context->Security & stability


DTM conducted a rapid profiling exercise of displaced families, covering over 6,000 IDPs. A slight majority of sampled IDPs were female  ( 51% ) , while almost half of the surveyed population were children under the age of 18  ( 48% ) .


In June, WFP reached some 68,990 people in need through its general food assistance  ( GFA )  in Libya.


This latest incident is one of dozens of confirmed attacks on health care in Libya in 2019. So far in 2019, WHO's Surveillance System of Attacks on Healthcare has registered a total of 37 attacks on health facilities, 11 health workers killed, and 33 health workers and patients injured in the country. Although WHO has repeatedly condemned these incidents, they continue unabated. These attacks are a grave violation of international humanitarian law.


Civil war in Libya in 2011 toppled and later killed longtime dictator Moammar Gadhafi, and the chaos that followed resulted in a divided country, with the U.N. aligned administration in Tripoli overseeing the country's west and a rival government in the east aligned with Hifter. Each is backed by an array of militias and armed groups fighting over resources and territory.


The company contracted to perform maintenance of the Man Made River Project  ( MMRP )  has evacuated its staff due to the security situation. As a result, the total water distribution for Tripoli has been reduced from 520,000 cubic meters per day prior to the start of the conflict to 330,000 cubic meters at present. Water distribution for the county as a whole has reduced by one quarter from 1,200,000 to 800,000 cubic meters per day.


According to the Service and Availability Readiness Assessment  ( SARA )  of the public health facilities in Libya, 19 baladiyas/100  ( districts )  report less than 20% health facilities functioning. 94 baladiyas claim that there is no regular access to medicines. Service readiness index score for the Primary Health care public services is 36.8%. 20.1% of the Public Health Centres and 17.5% of public hospitals have been closed  ( damaged or not accessible ) .


Ongoing shelling as well as newly planted explosive devices on key roads are preventing the Red Crescent and frontline aid workers from accessing families trapped amidst the fighting. Shifting frontlines, armed checkpoints, and various militias holding different neighborhoods will continue to pose challenges to humanitarian responders seeking to secure unobstructed, safe, and consistent aid delivery routes.


For the approximately 50,000 registered refugees and asylum seekers currently living elsewhere in Libya, as well as for the estimated 800,000 migrants, more help is required so that living conditions are improved, human rights are better protected, and fewer people end up being driven into the hands of smugglers and human traffickers.


Since the onset of armed conflict in the southern areas of Tripoli on 04 April 2019, a significant number of people have been affected by the conflict. As per the most recent flash update published by IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix, at least 20,975 families  ( approximately 104,875 individuals )  were identified as Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) . Furthermore, the conflict also affected migrants held in the detention centers as well as those in urban locations.


While refugee and migrant arrivals at Italy's shores increased drastically in 2018, arrivals to Spain from Morocco saw a new increase, with 58,569 refugees and migrants arriving in Spain from Morocco in 2018, making Spain the first port of entry for refugees and migrants in the Mediterranean region that year.70 The countries of origin of arrivals from Morocco in Spain in 2018 mirror arrivals in Italy in 2017, which had previously arrived from Libya.71 In this context, the question has arisen to which extent a re routing is occurring of mixed migration flows from Libya to Morocco, and whether this re routing occurs once in Libya or already further south in origin countries.


Some reports indicate guards at the facility fired on migrants who attempted to flee the airstrikes. Approximately 300 migrants were still being held in the facility days after the attack, while evacuation efforts of the facility are on going. With over 3,000 migrants held at such detention facilities in and around Tripoli, the frequent airstrikes on Tripoli as part of the LNA's offensive to gain control of the city raises serious safety concerns.


Since the onset of armed conflict in the southern areas of Tripoli on 04 April 2019, a significant number of people have been affected by the conflict. As per the most recent flash update published by IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix, at least 20,975 families  ( approximately 104,875 individuals )  were identified as Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) . Furthermore, the conflict has also affected migrants and refugees held in the detention centers as well as those in urban locations.


As of 4 July, 3,686 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  in 2019. In June alone 1,336 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the LCG. They were mainly from Sudan  ( 51 percent ) , Mali  ( 8 percent ) , Côte d'Ivoire  ( 5 percent ) , Nigeria  ( 4 percent ) , and Somalia  ( 3 percent ) .


The UN's mission in Libya has said around 3,500 migrants and refugees held in detention centres near the combat zone are at risk.


Since the onset of the crisis in Tripoli, UNHCR has evacuated 309 refugees to the ETM in Niger and Italy. Since November 2017, UNHCR has evacuated 3,612 refugees and asylum seekers to Niger  ( 2,782 individuals ) , the Emergency Transit Centre in Romania  ( 269 individuals )  and Italy  ( 561 individuals ) .


The use of explosive weapons – including artillery shelling and aerial bombardment – in populated areas continues to cause civilian casualties. At least six people were killed and five people were injured in an apparent airstrike in Qasr Bin Ghashir on 14 May. 126 civilian casualties, including 29 fatalities, have now been confirmed since the beginning of clashes.

At risk->Risk and vulnerabilities
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


As of 20 June, 3,018 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard during 38 operations in 2019. UNHCR noted an increase concerning disembarkation events since May 2019 when compared with data collected in previous months. So far in June, 668 refugees and migrants were disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 293 individuals ) , Al Khums  ( 216 individuals )  and Azzawya  ( 159 individuals ) . On 19 June, 40 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Azzawya.


Libya has suffered from a chronic power shortage since the conflict in 2011, when severe damage was inflicted on several power plants.6 As a consequence, domestic demand routinely exceeds available supply and the state owned General Electricity Company of Libya  ( GECOL )  is thus forced to impose rotational load shedding  ( rolling blackouts )  to prevent the electricity grid from collapsing


Since 1 September 2017, 2,139 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 11 resettlement States  ( Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States ) . A total of 1,336 individuals have departed on resettlement from Niger to Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.

niger
france
switzerland
sweden
united states
canada


A total of 446 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Niger to Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 201 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement country in Niger.

niger
france
sweden
united states
canada


Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 23 May, displacement from conflict affected areas in south Tripoli has continued. DTM identified an additional 1,640 displaced families  ( approximately 8,200 individuals )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced persons to at least 18,100 families  ( approximately 90,500 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019


Since the beginning of the offensive in Tripoli, 4 health workers have been killed, 4 have been injured, 12 ambulances have been impacted and 2 health facilities were evacuated as a result of armed clashes, shelling and airstrikes. These incidents further hamper the ability of already overstretched health services to provide vital assistance to civilians, including those inured as a result of armed conflict.


On the night of April 16, shelling hit areas of the Abu Salim neighborhood, where a detention center is located, and on April 19, two children were killed when a rocket hit the Qasr bin Gashir neighborhood, where another detention center is located. Several other detention centers are dangerously close to the front lines. All people in these centers are at imminent risk, as they have no means of seeking safety on their own.


Furthermore, the fighting in Tripoli has forced approximately 62,700 people to flee from their homes in Tripoli and as at 10 May, 29 collective centres, of which 15 are schools, have been established by the Tripoli crisis committee to host Internally Displaced Persons fleeing violence and conflict


The organization said that the casualty count included women, children and medical personnel. It also noted that around 20 thousand people have been displaced so far by the ongoing fighting.


The military operation to capture the Libyan capital of Tripoli by the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  is rapidly escalating, with a potential for catastrophic consequences for civilians. As a result, the physical safety of civilians is increasingly threatened by indiscriminate attacks as fighting remains active in Abu Salim, Gharat, Suq Al Jumaa and Hadbaa, and spills into different neighbourhoods of the city including Ain Zara, Khala, Azizya, Wadi Rabiya'a and Qasr Bin Ghashir


Frontline and referral hospitals inside and outside of Tripoli are receiving daily casualties and this has been placing considerable strain on available medical resources. 50 civilian casualties have been verified to date  ( this figure includes only those cases that could be individually verified, it should be considered a minimum ) .


On 4 April, the self proclaimed Libyan National Army, under General Khalifa Haftar's command, launched an offensive to take control of Tripoli. Since then fighting has intensified between his forces and militias aligned with Libya's internationally recognized Government of National Accord.


The main route reported by migrants departing Ghana was through Burkina Faso and Niger  ( 77% of surveyed migrants departing Ghana ) . 8% reported travelling through Nigeria and Niger to reach Libya and 5% reported transiting through Burkina Faso, Mali and Algeria successively. Another 5% reported travelling through Togo, Benin and then Niger before entering Libya. The remaining 5% disclosed other routes.


Out of the total number of African migrants identified, 29%  ( 193,183 individuals )  originate from North African countries. 53% of them were Egyptian and 40% Sudanese. Tunisian nationals represent 4% of the north African migrants identified and Moroccan nationals were recorded at 3%. The remaining 1% were identified to be Algerian nationals.


Displacement numbers continue to steadily increase. As per DTM, since the onset of armed conflict on 05 April 2019, over 13,500 individuals have been displaced. This includes the recent displacement of some 4,000 individuals within the last 24 hours. Most displaced households are currently staying with family and acquaintances or in private accommodation. Key reception areas are Tripoli, Tajoura, Swani, and Janzour, amidst other locations. The number of IDPs identified in collective shelters in Tripoli and surrounding areas has increased to over 900 individuals, and local authorities are setting up additional shelters to receive displaced families


The humanitarian community remains severely concerned for the safety and security of civilians stuck in conflict affected areas in the outskirts of Tripoli. Requests for evacuations to safer areas in Tripoli were received from some 3,800 individuals, of whom only some 550 people could be evacuated to date. This means that roughly 8 out of 10 requests for evacuations cannot be completed. This is due to ongoing conflict, and the indiscriminate and possibly deliberate targeting of first responders.


Most displaced households are currently staying with family and in private accommodation in Tripoli, Tajoura, Swani, Janzour, Msallata, Garabolli, Al Khums, Zintan, Yefren, Al Zahra, Al Maya, Gheryan, Bani Waleed and Tarhuna


Since 1 September 2017, a total of 4,278 individuals have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 2,007 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 498 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,382 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


Human Rights Watch visited the Libyan town of Tawergha, where only a handful of the 48,000 former residents forcibly displaced for seven years have returned to their homes.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  About 2.7 million children suffer from wasting annually, with approximately 522,000 currently suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) . Around 2.1 million children suffer from moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM ) .


Humanitarian operations have been significantly constrained mainly due to insecurity related to the political instability as well as the impact of the flooding on the critical infrastructure and the period of the Eid holidays.


[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  199,103 of Food or Cash For Work/Asset beneficiaries


Communities typically have low immunization coverage due to service gaps in CAR.


Substantial gaps in shelter and NFI distribution persists across out of camp settlements, in particular dispersed self settlements in South and West Kordofan States.


[ 2019, Sudan ] Approximately 60 per cent of newly arrived asylum seekers in eastern Sudan migrate onward within two months of arrival


Flood mitigation intervention in West Kordofan by Humanitarian organizations: Damage assessment by FAO  [ Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ]

Capacities & response->International response


Recommendations: Promote investments in agricultural assets and farm machinery allowing smallholders to use alternative collaterals, including parts of forward contracts, to access simplified credit lines provided by financial institutions.

Priority interventions->Expressed by humanitarian staff


Recommendations: Closely monitor the food security situation, as high inflation rates are expected to result in high cost of production of agricultural products and high food prices.


UNHCR has introduced solar systems to replace diesel generators in water pumps, schools and health centers in White Nile, East Darfur and East Sudan.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Refugees living in Sudan remain largely dependent on humanitarian assistance and have limited access to livelihood opportunities.


There are some 1,160 school aged refugee children living in Um Shalaya camp in need of education assistance of some kind. Over 60 per cent are out of school.


Lack of school supplies, furniture and textbooks also affect the quality of the education.


An organized returns process for Chadian refugees in Central Darfur began in 2018 under the Tripartite Agreement on Voluntary Repatriation between Sudan, Chad, and UNHCR, with 6,030 Chadian refugees returned to Chad until March 2019.


According to S3M  [ Simple, Spatial, Survey Method ]  data for Dimsu locality from July 2019, GAM is 20 per cent and SAM 3.8 per cent, well above the WHO emergency threshold  ( >15% GAM and >2% SAM ) , and indicate ‘critical' malnutrition requiring immediate nutrition and health interventions.


The majority of refugee camps are located in areas of Kassala and Gedaref with IPC Level 2  ( stressed )  or 3  ( crisis )  acute food insecurity.


Approximately 56 – 70 per cent of refugees living in camps are reportedly engaged in risky or harmful coping strategies  ( including alcohol production, child labour, sex work and others )  to mitigate household food insecurity.


East Sudan hosts one of the most protracted refugee situations in the world, with the first influx of Eritrean refugees arriving over 50 years ago. Over 40 per cent of refugees in East Sudan have been in asylum for more than 20 years, and approximately 50 per cent of refugees living in the camps were born there.


Refugee community schools are over capacity and lack facility maintenance, teaching and curriculum support.


SENS  ( Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey )  conducted in White Nile and South Kordofan indicate ‘critical' rates  ( >15 per cent )  of Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  and Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )   ( >3 per cent )  among children 6 to 59 months of age. Food insecurity remains a key driver of poor nutrition status across the camps,


Overall some 43,000 South Sudanese refugees are reported to have spontaneously returned to South Sudan from Sudan since November 2017; however, tracking returns in Sudan remains challenging


Refugees in Sudan are living in camps, rural out of camp settlements and urban areas in 104 localities across 18 States. About 70 per cent live outside of camps in more than 100 settlements across the country, including large collective self settlements where thousands of refugees live in “camp like' areas adjacent to reception centres, as well as smaller dispersed self settlements where refugees live in a more integrated manner with host communities.


In East Sudan, there are more than 130,000 Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees and asylum seekers, living in camps and urban areas across Gezira, Gedaref, Kassala, Red Sea and Sennar states.


UNDP initiatives underway include  [ Human Security ] : Installation of 70 solar powered streetlights across Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah, Hamdayet, and nearby Doka Village.  [ Specifies assessed location: Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah, Hamdayet, Doka Village ]


Sector Needs  [ Water, sanitation and hygiene ] : 8 million people lack access to safe water


The results of the Food Security Monitoring System  ( a biannual assessment carried out to track food security trends among IDPs and refugees in Sudan ) , with data collected in July 2019 during the lean season, indicated that food insecurity for IDPs and refugees remained high with 53 percent of the households being food insecure


[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  198,654 of individuals provided with nutrition, energy and water sensitive agricultural and livestock, natural resource management based livelihoods inputs, kits and capacity building


There are reports of children being detained, recruited to fight and being exposed to sexual abuse in relation to the events of 3 June.


[ 2019, Sudan ]  While several needs assessments were facilitated by the Government, the continued presence of security personnel impacts the independence of assessments and gathering information on protection threats and GBV.


Continued seasonal rainfall is likely to lead to oversaturation of the soil and, consequently, flooding in new areas


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Education needs continue to increase, particularly in the Jebel Marra area of Central/South Darfur, in North Darfur, and in West Darfur.  [ Specified assessed location: Jebel Marra area of Central/South Darfur ]


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  In 2019, the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse  ( PSEA )  network also conducted a mapping to assess partners' efforts against six core areas of policy, coordination, prevention, advocacy, complaints, and investigation. The findings showed that 94 per cent of the respondents have PSEA policies in place, while 86 per cent have accountability frameworks in place.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Contribute to the reduction in morbidity and mortality with increased access to quality health care interventions through primary health care interventions, health system strengthening and community case management approaches.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  People living in Abyei are impacted by the presence of armed elements, intercommunal tensions, and long term and sudden displacement.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The response also focuses on livelihoods programming to support self reliance, such as vocational training opportunities, CBT, micro financing and livelihood asset protection, especially in urban areas like Khartoum.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  In eastern Sudan, there has been a slower rate of new arrivals from Eritrea, with 570 people arriving on average per month in 2019, down from over 800 per month in 2017. They are hosted in some of the poorest areas of Kassala and Gedaref states, face high levels of poverty, and many continue to rely on timely humanitarian assistance.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  According to available information on reported GBV cases in Sudan, women and girls account for over 90 per cent of survivors, and although grossly under reported, cases of sexual violence against men and boys do occur.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  More importantly, the causes of the conflict particularly in Darfur remain unresolved. Long standing grievances between communities continue to give rise to clashes which are aggravated by the involvement of heavily armed tribal militias and the proliferation of small arms and light weapons.  [ Specified assessed location: Darfur ]


[ 2019, Sudan ] There were small pockets of new displacement in the Jebel Marra area in 2018, and a large protracted caseload in Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]


[ 2019, Sudan ]  The improvement in the security situation in Darfur has resulted in the downsizing of the United Nations – African Union Mission in Darfur  ( UNAMID ) . This has impacted on UNAMID's monitoring and reporting capacity thus increasing the role of the UNCT/HCT and the protection sector to to conduct monitoring and assessments of the protection situation in areas where UNAMID has withdrawn from.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]


[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Establish veterinary services and revitalize the community based animal health workers network for pastoralist nomadic populations by adopting a “follow on approach' throughout migration and increase access to appropriate animal drugs and vaccines at village level for sedentary populations.


[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Reduce the risk of malnutrition in children under age 5 and pregnant and lactating women through treatment of severe and moderate acute malnutrition.


[ 2019, Sudan ]  To ensure that improved WASH services benefit the most vulnerable, partners work in close collaboration with other sectors to conduct assessments, inform targeting and provide services.


[ 2019, Sudan ]  Over the past three years, there has been a reduction in new displacement and increase in returns due to the improvement in the security situation and the disarmament campaign in Darfur.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]


[ 2019, Sudan ]  The national prevalence rate of global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  is 16.5 per cent, which places Sudan above the emergency threshold of 15 per cent, according to the WHO criteria.


[ 2019, Sudan ]  The sector strategy follows multi dimensional and protection mainstreaming approaches to tackle all aspects of food insecurity, including physical and economic access; availability and utilization of food; and the stability of food systems through complementary emergency life saving and resilience building; and food, agricultural and livelihood interventions.


WFP November Market Monitor shows that the average cost of local food basket reached SDG 119 in November, coupled with the record inflation rate during the previous two months, 229.9 and 212.3 percent in October and September, respectively. The high food prices continues to erode the purchasing power of the population.


By the end of August, there were over 13,180 confirmed COVID 19 cases in Sudan, including 823 fatalities and 6,612 recoveries

Humanitarian conditions->Physical and mental well being


A State of Emergency was declared in Kassala State from 26 to 28 August, restricting all movements, including of humanitarian workers.

Capacities & response->National response


Available information suggests that children living in inaccessible areas or with limited access by humanitarian partners are believed to be in extreme need  ( severity level 4 ) , particularly in Jebel Marra, and parts of South Kordofan  ( Nuba mountains, Al Buram, Heiban and Umm Durein localities ) .


The findings of the assessment show that most refugees are having access to mobile phones and on a more frequent basis, however with only few have access to internet services. In addition, less than half of the respondents had access to radio and TV on a daily basis


Refugees from CAR  [ Central African Refugees ]  have sought refuge in the urban settings of Nyala, South Darfur, since 2014. Renewed intercommunal violence in areas of Birao locality in north eastern CAR have been ongoing since September 2019, and led to nearly 13,400 refugees from CAR fleeing to safety in South and Central Darfur States in West Sudan between September and December 2019. Overall, the total new arrivals to both States in 2019 were nearly 17,000 individuals, in January 2020, more than 3,300 new refugees from CAR arrived in South Darfur. The total CAR refugee population now stands at more than 29,000 persons


The unprecedented storms and flooding have especially affected Khartoum, North Darfur and Sennar States


West Darfur experienced outbreaks of malaria and chikungunya in October 2020 and a lack of mosquito nets in shelters presents risks of further outbreaks


[ Recommendation For Action ]  Urgent actions are required to save the lives and livelihoods of populations estimated in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) , as well as protect the livelihoods and reduce food consumption gaps for populations estimated in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .


Mobile network is available across 86 per cent of the locality, but 14 per cent of the locations have no access to a radio.


Additionally, the COVID 19 pandemic overburdened the already weak public health system


The economy of the Sudan is highly dependent on agriculture, which occupies an estimated 39 percent of its labour force  ( International Labour Organization  [ ILO ]  estimates for 2020 )  and accounts for about 30 percent of its GDP  ( World Bank )


refugees in camps have better access to health services, 70 per cent of refugees are living out of camps and do not have consistent access to primary health care.


Of Sudan's 2.5 million IDPs, an estimated 765,000 live in areas with a severe lack of health services and need lifesaving and life sustaining support, with Darfur states having the highest burden.


The cost of sorghum was also found to be much higher in November 2018 compared to November 2017, with the rate of increase ranging from 110 percent in West Kordofan to 255 percent in Blue Nile.


UNHCR manages the NFI Core Pipeline on behalf of the sector. It procures and stores NFIs in strategically located warehouses in Darfur, Khartoum and Kassala, which serve as hubs for further distribution.


The majority of the asylum seekers are living among the Sudanese host community who continue to welcome people seeking safety. UNHCR and partners are ramping up the response to support the government in its response


The transportation sector, including transportation of goods, is likely to be reduced.


On 4 September, an additional 100 tons of emergency shelter and non food supplies, including plastic sheeting, blankets, and other items provided by international partners arrived in Khartoum. The material will fill gaps in the response, mainly in Darfur region.


Medical equipment, including labor beds, normal delivery and cesarean equipment is needed to support the referral facilities in El Geneina.


Reported typhoid cases until week 34 reached 113,551 cases.


Gorlangbang is a mountainous village and is one of the largest in the Jebel Marra area with a population of approximately 125,000 people, including Internally Displaced  ( IDPs ) . Due to conflict in the area, many who were displaced fled to seek safety in this area which had been inaccessible to humanitarians for over ten years until June 2020 where UNICEF and its partners were able to access and assess the situation to further support the community.


When asked if they have been targeted or witnessed any such negative attitude themselves, 86% of the women assessed said they haven't, while 14% said they have been targeted.


Increase support to community leaders so that they are able to carry out effective RCCE initiatives through home visits while observing the necessary precautionary measures.


United Nations Population Fund  ( UNFPA )  with its partners distributed 500 dignity kits to vulnerable women and girls of reproductive age in Elfaroug and nearby gathering points. In addition, women and girls are also informed about Gender Based Violence  ( GBV ) , the referral system and components of dignity kits


18,538 metric tons of food assistance distributed


The impact of COVID 19 differs for women, men, boys and girls. Women provide most of the care within families and in some areas they are the main breadwinners.


In addition, 1,200,000 pieces of soap were provided for inclusion in the 300,000 family food and hygiene baskets to supporting vulnerable households, including South Sudanese refugees in Khartoum “Open Areas'.


To facilitate the response in Geneina town, humanitarian actors clustered the 72 gathering points into 15 clusters and mapped out the current capacity of partners in covering the clusters.


Many girls in Gorlangbang remain out of school due to early child marriage.


Despite favourable rainfall in 2018 which would have led to an above average harvest in 2018/2019 under normal circumstances, 5.76 million Sudanese people  ( 13% of the population ) , including most IDPs, are currently facing Crisis  ( IPC 3 )  or worse food insecurity levels


Sudan has faced severe economic challenges since the beginning of 2018. The elimination of wheat and flour subsidies in February 2018, coupled with continual devaluations of the Sudanese pound  ( SDG )  caused shortages of essential commodities and hard currency.


11,840 people affected, 759 houses destroyed, 1,609 houses damaged.


In Hamdayet, UNHCR, SRCS and Sudan Vision conduct awareness sessions on COVID 19 and distribute informative leaflets.


Recommendations: Closely monitor the current season, with follow up activities after this assessment, including the annual surveys for validating the figures  ( crop cutting surveys ) .


Shelters in Reif Ashargi are mostly constructed from rakooba grass  ( 46% ) , however almost 45 per cent of the remaining locations have shelters constructed with either brick or clay.


WFP Sudan implements a post harvesting loss  ( PHL )  project during the harvest season to mitigate harvest losses among smallholder farmers, improve household food security and increase income.


Asked about what they would do if someone in the family presents with COVID 19 symptoms, 40% of the respondents replied that they would call a health worker, 33% that they would avoid contact with the infected person and 20% that they would call the hotline  ( 221 and 9090 ) .


Most refugees  [ and asylum seekers ]  live in out of camp settlements, host communities and urban areas


UNHCR leads the East Sudan Mixed Movement Working Group which supports the implementation of national counter trafficking activities and supports the State Committee on Counter trafficking  ( CCT )  in Kassala.


Sudan hosts around 1.2 million refugees, including 850,000 refugees from South Sudan and 120,000 refugees from Eritrea.


( 28 March 2019 ) 69 percent of households were classified as food insecure, which represents a 3 percent increase from the same time last year.


The total inter agency funding required for Sudan under the revised 2018 regional refugee response plan  ( RRRP )  was USD 294.8 M, and 26%  ( USD 77.1 M )  has been funded.


The main causes of disease outbreaks in Sudan are poor access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities, and low vaccination coverage.


To date, IMSMA has registered 2,151 victims of landmines or ERW victims, including 1,532 peopl who have been injured and 619 fatalities.


Medical facilities across the country are not functional due to lack of essential drugs.


Across Darfur states, 14 per cent to 21 per cent of health facilities provided CMR services. This is further exacerbated by the shortage of trained personnel and weak referral systems.

Capacities & response->People reached/response gaps


Ongoing DTM  [ Displacement Tracking Matrix ]  registrations continued in Kadugli locality during this reporting period – 2,085 individuals  ( 654 households )  were registered in April, 660 individuals  ( 217 households )  in May, and 441 individuals  ( 139 households )  in June


Over the years, refugees also arrived from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Syria, the Central African Republic and other countries. Sudan continued to uphold its open border policy in 2020 and by the end of the year received about 50,000 refugees from Ethiopia's Tigray region. More new influxes were reported into Blue Nile and White Nile states


The highest concentration of IDPs across Sudan is in Central, South and North Darfur, and areas of South Kordofan, and Geneina  ( West Darfur ) .


The fighting between the two factions of SLA AW  [ Sudan Liberation Army  Abdulwahid ]  has been causing dire humanitarian consequences. There is a need to work with the humanitarian sector as well as the regional and international organisations such as the African Union and the Security Council to put pressure on both parties, so they abide by international humanitarian law and to stop attacks on civilians.


Local conflict resolution mechanisms need to be reinforced and to be part of any future peacebuilding project development and implementation. Working closely with these mechanisms and engaging the relevant government departments and other stakeholders could play a key role in addressing the root causes of the conflict.


The social norm of nafeer is central to the Sudanese social life. Nafeer is communal collective action that brings people together to support household activities for a public good. In this farming season, the community members of Guldo villages organised a nafeer to support the farmers of Sonosono damrah with their cultivation operations. This kind of cooperation and solidarity between the two communities shows how nafeer activities could be connectors between different communities.


There are Forest National Corporation  ( FNC ) , agriculture and livestock administrations in Golo. These institutions are mandated with the technical support and extension services to farmers and pastoralists. The services they provide include forest conservation, improved seeds distribution and livestock vaccination. Their role in improving the rural economy of this population is crucial for peacebuilding.


This incident worsened the relationship between Golo villages, and the nomads settled in damrahs. The relationship was further disrupted by the murder of five pastoralists in a clash with armed robbers who the pastoralists believe are SLA AW  [ Sudan Liberation Army  Abdulwahid ]  elements.


Intercommunal conflicts in Golo have a very negative impact on the lives and livelihoods of different segments of the villages and damrahs' communities. The major consequence highlighted by all communities is the killing of community members. Killing incidences significantly worsen the relationship between the damrahs and villages and perpetuate grievances and resentment.


There are different development and humanitarian actors working in Golo. During the analysis workshop, the participants counted eighteen actors within this sector. This includes DRC  [ Danish Refugee Council ]  and many other NGOs as well as the World Food Programme  ( WFP )  and UN Children's Fund  ( UNICEF ) .


Currently, community members of Golo damrahs cannot go to Golo town and the surrounding villages or access Golo market. Moreover, farmers from Golo villages cannot access lands in the fringes of the damrahs north to Golo.


Production of sesame in 2020/21 is estimated at 1.13 million tonnes, 6 percent lower than in 2019, but 49 percent higher than the five year average. The year on year decrease is mainly due to floods and Sesame Gall Midge that affected crops especially in Gedaref, Kassala, Sennar and White Nile states.


Heavy rains triggered widespread floods in 17 out of 18 states, affecting 3.5 million feddans  ( 1.47 million hectares )  of crops. However, the negative impact of floods was mitigated by the unusual continuation of the rainy season until October, which allowed the full maturation of sorghum crops that were late planted in August instead of replanting sesame crops that were affected by floods and Sesame Gall Midge.


The rainy season in 2020 was characterized by exceptionally abundant precipitation and by the longest duration of the last ten years. According to remote sensing data, cumulative rainfall amount between June and October 2020  ( Figure 2 )  was estimated well above the Long Term Average  ( LTA )  in all cropping areas across of the country. Rainfall volumes in 2020 were between 12 and 50 percent higher than those in 2019, except in Kassala State, where they were slightly lower, but still well above average.


There are wide disparities in access to and use of WASH services between states, especially people living in urban or rural areas. There are also reports of limited WASH partners in Khartoum “open areas', Aj Jazirah and River Nile, where needs are high.

Humanitarian conditions
Capacities & response


Many of these children  [ refugee children in Darfaur and Kordofan states ]  have endured protracted conflict and continue to be exposed to ongoing clashes.


Access to new areas also increases the risk for humanitarians assisting people in these areas. ERW  [ Explosive Remnants of War ]  and landmines will still be a major access issue hampering the delivery of aid and assistance in 2021.


Several long lasting conflicts have led to contamination with anti personnel and antitank mines as well as explosive remnants of war  ( ERW ) . Mine contamination remains one of the key concerns with an estimated 2.7 million men, women and children affected in Sudan.


Boys and girls recruited by armed groups are subject to detention, separation from their families, and experience acute psychosocial distress. They also face challenges with reintegration into their communities, and barriers in access to education and other services.


The severity of protection needs are very critical in 62 localities in 13 of the 19 states in Sudan, especially in North Darfur where 15 out of 17 localities fell into the extreme and catastrophic severity ranking, followed by South Darfur  ( 9 localities ) , South Kordofan  ( 7 localities ) , Central Darfur  ( 5 localities )  and West Darfur  ( 5 localities ) .


WHO's health workforce requirements for universal health coverage is 4.45 health workers per one thousand people. Sudan has 0.81.


The key factors that will affect future needs are the continued spread of COVID 19 coupled with the economic decline, natural shocks and civil unrest.


In 2020, the education of 9.6 million children was affected by COVID 19 when all schools were closed in March and the scheduled reopening of schools in September was postponed to 2021.


Levels of food imports are expected to remain below average as a result of the growing shortage of foreign exchange and COVID 19 measures.


This  [ the risk of disease outbreaks ]  is compounded by the impact of COVID 19 on the health system, which has weakened the response capacity. The surveillance system  which covers less than 40 per cent of health facilities   has been spread thin to cope with reporting on COVID 19 suspected cases.


This contributes to an inadequate food intake, which negatively impacts children's growth from early an early age. Approximately 522,000 children under five are severely malnourished, and 2.2 million children are moderately malnourished  ( MAM ) . The prevalence of global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  in children under five is 14.1 per cent. The prevalence of MAM among pregnant and lactating women is 6.3 percent.


The phasing out of some restrictions in August 2020 benefited agricultural operations. Livestock rearing activities were also affected by the restrictive measures, mainly through shortages of medicines and vaccines and access constraints to pastures.


In the traditional sector in Western Sudan, farmers with small agricultural holding depend on family labour in performing the manual agricultural operation and were not affected by the labour shortages.


FAO  [ Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ]  also distributed agricultural tools, namely 1 029 donkey carts, 3 800 rakes with handle, 3 240 donkey ploughs and 11 605 weeding hoes. Interventions aimed to support the agricultural sector by increasing farm productivity and small farmers' income by improving the nutrition situation and by mitigating the impact of floods.


Both fertilizers and herbicides were adequately available, but at a very high cost. For example, the price of urea in 2020 doubled compared to the previous year, while prices of herbicides were almost four times their year earlier levels.


In addition, FAO  [ Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ]  provided about 205 tonnes of groundnuts seeds, 184 tonnes of sorghum seeds, 51 tonnes of sesame seeds, 18 tonnes of millet seeds, 14 tonnes of cowpea seeds, 9.5 tonnes of vegetables seeds and 2.7 tonnes of watermelon seeds. To support the livestock sector, FAO distributed more than 2.6 million doses of animal drugs, 570 tonnes of concentrated feed and 23 tonnes of mineral supplement.


While COVID 19 containment measures prevented the spread of the virus, they impacted the large informal service sector in urban areas and affecting daily workers, particularly women.


Sudan remains prone to various hazards, including localized conflict, floods and cyclical disease outbreaks, which drive humanitarian needs and affect thousands each year. In 2020, almost 900,000 people were affected in the worst flooding in 100 years. An estimated 2.2 million hectares of agricultural land was flooded, representing 26.8 per cent of cultivated areas in the 15 assessed states.


Four positive cases have so far been identified in Um Rakuba camp and are currently in isolation in the camp. 63 close contacts have been identified and quarantined


Several thousand people fleeing escalating violence in Ethiopia's Benishangul Gumuz region have sought safety in Sudan's Blue Nile State over the last month.


Prices of livestock also followed an increasing trend during 2020 and they were well above their values a year earlier. In November 2020, prices of calves, goats and sheep in El Obeid market in North Kordofan State were more than threefold compared to a year earlier.


There is a high risk for desert locust developing in Sudan, and more mature and immature swarms are expected to arrive from neighbouring countries and invade winter breeding areas at the Red Sea.


On one hand, revenues decreased as oil transit fees that the country receives from South Sudan as well as oil exports decreased on account of the decline in international oil prices amid the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic. On the other hand, expenditures increased due to higher wages for civil servants and sustained subsidies following the soaring inflation.


The impact of the restrictive measures to contain the COVID 19 pandemic resulted in labour shortages at the beginning of the season, until some restrictions were phased out in August 2020.


The 2020/21 national cereal production is estimated at almost 8 million tonnes, 12 percent up from 2019 and 25 percent higher than the average of the past five years, driven by an increased sorghum production, which is estimated at about 5.1 million tonnes, 39 percent higher than the level of the previous year and 16 percent above the past five year average


To date, 962 latrines have collapsed  in Bantiu  ( 187 ) , Al Radom  ( 700 )  and Al Mashaga  ( 75 ) . The assessment is still ongoing in White Nile State and East Darfur for the impact of rains on latrines and its highly likely that these numbers will increase.


In many locations, education services for refugees are provided through parallel service providers, usually through UNHCR, UNICEF, Commissioner for Refugees ( COR )  or NGOs.


Refugee children in East Sudan, Darfur and in Khartoum also lack access to inclusive and equitable education.


The majority of refugee and asylum seekers in Sudan face high levels of poverty. They are hosted in some of the poorest regions of the country, where host communities are equally struggling for scarce resources.


From a two room clinic in disrepair which was supporting up to 140 patients every week the Um Rakuba health centre has expanded to six areas, assisting up to 1,000 patients per week


Conflict between the Masalit and the Arab communities in mid January, led to the displacement of over 108,000 people. Most IDPs are sheltering in schools and health facilities in Ag Geneina Town. An estimated 10,000 IDPs are displaced in four villages outside of the town.


On 6 June, the UAE based Al Maktoum Foundation sent 37 tons of medical supplies including protective clothing, masks, sterilizers, glucose, and other supplies to help Sudan fight COVID 19.


On 19 April, 60 aid workers in 14 teams carried out an inter agency needs assessment in 51 gathering sites  ( 47 sites with new IDPs and four sites with previously displaced people )  in Ag Geneina that were reported as having newly displaced people by the Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC ) .


All surveyed clusters have shown significant increase in the price of local food basket from November 2017 to November 2018. The price increase was highest in White Nile, with price increasing by 215 percent followed by South Darfur, South Kordofan, and West Kordofan.


In 2020, disruptions to marketing and trading activities related to the measures implemented to contain the spread of COVID 19 and to widespread floods provided further upward pressure on prices.


Through advocacy, UHNCR supported the integration of refugee nutrition programmes into the national health system, enabling refugees to access treatment for moderate and severe acute malnutrition.


Take Home Ration  ( THR )  distributions for students enrolled in WFP supported schools started in one state. This entitlement is being provided as a substitute for on site school meals that have been suspended due to the closure of schools.


The country faces multiple challenges, including over 200% annual inflation, currency depreciation and fuel shortages, further compounded by lockdown restrictions due to COVID 19 earlier in 2020.


An additional 420 IDP gold miners working in neighboring Chad  ( 170 ) , Northern State  ( 155 )  and South Darfur  ( 95 )  are also reportedly unable to return home to IDP camps across West, North and South Darfur.


The conflict between the Masalit and the Arab communities started in mid January  [ 2021 ]  and led to the displacement of over 109,000 people. Most IDPs are sheltering in schools and health facilities in Ag Geneina town. An estimated 10,000 IDPs are still displaced in four villages outside of the town.


On 5 April, the state of emergency was declared for the State of West Darfur in Sudan, following clashes between Masalit and Arab communities killing reportedly 132 persons.


Also on 17 April, food security sector partners carried out initial verifications to assess how many people are in need of urgent food assistance, to move quickly in providing them the needed support. The distribution of one month food rations for affected people in Ag Geneina started on 18 April.


In 2020, DTM registered 76,354 individuals across three states of Darfur and South Kordofan – 39,922  ( 52% )  of which were returnees and 36,432  ( 48% )  internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) . Of the returnee caseload, 98 per cent were returnees from internal displacement and two per cent were returnees from abroad


( 28 March 2019 ) The increase in the food insecure population can be attributed to the increase in the proportion of people with poor food consumption. In case of Buranga. Mornie, Habila cluster and Ardamata, El Riad, Kirinding 1 cluster the percentage of people with poor food consumption more than doubled, reaching 30 percent and 17 percent respectively.


( 28 March 2019 ) The largest deterioration in food security was observed in Gereida cluster, where the proportion of food insecure households went up from 73 percent to 92 percent.


humanitarians working on water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  are supplying more than 35,000 IDPs in Ag Geneina with water.


By the end of 2020, the number of functional primary healthcare centres decreased by 40 per cent across the country, according to the health sector estimates.


( 28 March 2019 ) Purchasing power decreased or remained low in tern for most of the camps. In Haroun Al Mahta camp, however, proportion of people who cannot afford 1 local food basket reduced from 80 percent to 50 percent.


( 28 March 2019 ) In other clusters, food security situation deteriorated slightly with 64 percent of the population food insecure in Garsila, Umdokhon, Mukjar cluster, and 75 percent of the population in Nertiti, Hameedia cluster.


( 28 March 2019 ) Displaced populations in South Darfur were most severely affected by food insecurity, with the proportion of food insecure households at the state level found to be 74 percent followed by Central Darfur and North Darfur with 69 percent for each.


By vaccinating Sudan's health care workers first, they can continue providing life saving services and maintain a functional health care system. It is critical that health care workers who protect the lives of others are protected first.


The announcement came as WFP together with the Ministry of Education celebrated International Day of School Feeding. This day stresses the importance that school feeding programmes play in developing future generations and reducing disparities by facilitating access to education and building back better following the COVID 19 pandemic.


While water provision is within desired quantities of ≥ 20 litres per day for Chadian refugees in Central Darfur, there is need to continue to support operation and maintenance of existing facilities to ensure continued supply of water.


The rate of malnutrition in Sudan has changed little in the last three decades, with an estimated 52 per cent of cases living in the nine non conflict states.


Clinical management and psychological support to gender based violence survivors, including clinical management of rape, is still burdened by lack of services and a weak referral system, stigma, lack of awareness, and lack of qualified staff both at the facility and community level.


On 16 August, the Government of the United Arab Emirates  ( UAE )  sent 24 tons of medical and food aid to assist in COVID 19 and floods response. Since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic in Sudan in mid March, the UAE has donated nearly 90 tons of medical supplies and equipment. In addition, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development donated 136 tons of medicines to the National Fund for Medical Supplies in Sudan


Since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic in Sudan in mid March, the Government confirmed that 29,542 people contracted the virus, including 2,003 who died from the disease, as of 20 March 2021.


Fuel shortages, limited numbers of vehicles and limited road access are also posing a challenge to the relocation of the new arrivals as well as the provision of supplies to the different sites.


Prices of locally grown sorghum and millet, after declining in January 2021 from the record highs reached in December 2020, resumed their upward trend in February 2021, according to March 2021 update from the Food Price Monitoring and Analysis  ( FPMA )  Bulletin. The prices increased last month by 8 11 per cent compared to January in most monitored markets, despite the recent completion of the harvest in early 2021. Prices in February were exceptionally high, up to three times the already high February 2020 levels, mainly due to the continuous depreciation of the local currency, FPMA reported


By the end of week 34 of the 2020 epidemiological year, 900,000 malaria cases had been reported. This accounted for 13.3 per cent of all patients' visits to health facilities.


The provision of WFP Logistics services  ( storage, transportation, fuel and vehicle maintenance )  was available in May to UN agencies and NGOs through Bilateral Service Provision at full cost recovery and coordinated by the Logistic Sector.


Other gaps include capacity to provide PSS, PFA, identify and respond to the basic needs of most vulnerable individuals, families, counseling and legal assistance, timely food distribution to the newly displaced families, basic services, NFIs/ shelter, adequate health service, water and livelihood.


Another 17.5 million people were estimated to be under stress phase  ( IPC phase 2 ) , and any additional shocks like floods, inflation and poverty would push them to severe levels of hunger. Almost all states registered a considerable increase in food consumption gaps if compared with 2019.


The eastern states of Sudan have a very high rate of out of school children and should receive increased and targeted support.  ( HRP Recommendations )


Despite the efforts to deliver humanitarian assistance by following strict COVID 19 protocols, some activities – such as biometric registration – were put on hold pending identification of a suitable solution. Depending on the level of preparedness, at the onset of COVID 19, in most States registration continued at the household level and then moved to individual registration, without biometrics.


While the Government of Sudan maintains a generous open border policy for those fleeing conflict and persecution, key protection gaps undermining the liberty, safety and dignity of refugees persist. These include documentation gaps, restriction on freedom of movement, and access to basic services – such as formal labour markets and financial services and lack of land ownership.


It remains difficult to ensure that adequate space and basic services are available to absorb new arrivals, while sustaining service provision to the existing caseloads. This is particularly problematic in camps hosting South Sudanese in White Nile and East Darfur, with the added challenge of complex land rights of private landowners and host communities.


Gaps are noted both in funding and in the application of a measured cohesive durable response that simultaneously tackles water, hygiene and sanitation.


Nutrition activities continue to be delivered in line with the guidance provided on COVID 19 prevention and control measure. 214,000 children 6 59 months of age and pregnant and nursing women received nutrition assistance in May 2020 across 13 states.


UNHCR advocates for refugee integration into the national health system.


Updating of safe and dignified referral systems, mapping of available services and the promotion of the GBV standard operating procedures.


Nutrition sector developed guidelines to adapt service delivery in the context of COVID 19 that sustained the life saving activities, including the emergency response to floods in 2020.


Sudan is host to one of the largest South Sudanese refugee populations in the region, with a total of 736,685 persons living in the country in December 2020. In East Sudan, a new influx of over 50,000 Ethiopian refugees began in November 2020. This new wave joins more than 130,000 Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees and asylumseekers living in protracted situations in camps and urban areas across Aj Jazirah, Gedaref, Kassala, Red Sea and Sennar states. Moreover, over 110,000 refugees of various nationalities  ( Ethiopian, Eritrean, Congolese, Somali, Yemeni and Syrian )  are living in Khartoum together with over 190,000 South Sudanese refugees, all in dire need of assistance.

congolese
sudanese
syrian
congo
mali
south sudan
sudan
us
eritrea


There are 1,208 teachers in Kadugli – producing an average of 24 students per class. Almost 82 per cent of the population have access to education – primary schools constituting the largest availability. Finally, 99 per cent of existing schools are reportedly functionable, with 87 per cent constructed from brick.


Education is a high priority need across five of the visited locations. There are currently an estimated 29,051 students enrolled in school, with a larger percentage being female  ( 17,736 females and 14,861 males ) .


In Abu Jubaiha, police are present in 25 locations. A formal justice system is operating in one village, whilst tribal justice systems exist across 57 other locations.


The retail prices of groundnut increased in five states compared to the previous month, while it decreased in two states and remained unchanged in three states. It sharply increased in East Darfur  ( 18 percent ) , South Darfur  ( 14 percent )  and slightly increased in Blue Nile  ( 5 percent ) , North Kordofan  ( 4 percent )  and West Darfur  ( 2 percent ) . It sharply decreased in White Nile  ( 1.7 percent )  and slightly in South Kordofan  ( 2 percent ) . It remained stable in Central Darfur, North Darfur and Kassala states.


The national average price of groundnut was higher by 36.7 percent compared to the previous month. This is due to the high cost of production and growing demand for export markets.


The current national retail price of sorghum is higher by 69 percent compared to the same period of the previous year  ( April 2018 ) . The national average price of sorghum was 214 percent higher than the five year average of the same month  ( April )


To slow down the spread of COVID 19, government closed airports, sea ports and land crossings on 16 March and imposed a lockdown in Khartoum on 18 April.


During 2019, episodes of violence and armed conflict continued to occur across Sudan resulting in more than 500 fatalities, mainly in Khartoum, Red Sea, Darfur, and South, West and North Kordofan states.  [ Specific Location assessed   Darfur ]


Additionally, 54 percent of households had to resort to livelihood based coping strategies. The most prevalent of these was spending savings on food, employed by 30 percent of households.


The third update estimates a total number of 11,311 individuals  ( 1,782 households )  displaced across Tuel, Tulus, Dika and Dagama villages, as well as Dereige and Majouk in Nyala town.


Measures to slow the spread of COVID 19 including closure of schools are affecting children's access to education and some may not be able to return to school.


Overall, in the 13 states that were surveyed, 31 percent of the households were food insecure. Only 8 percent of households were food secure in a sufficient manner.


The households headed by women also had worse food consumption in the last 7 days preceding the survey. 77 percent of the households headed by men had acceptable food consumption compared to 62 percent of households headed by women.


Only 9% of children aged 6 23 months met the minimum acceptable diet criteria. Lowest percentages were found in East Darfur  ( 2% ) , West Kordofan ( 2% )  and Gedarif  ( 4% )  whereas the highest was observed in the West and the Central Darfur at 16% each. This indicator measures the proportion of children 6 23 months of age who receive a minimum acceptable diet  ( MAD ) , apart from breast milk.


Additionally, 54 percent of the households had to resort to livelihood based coping strategies, most prevalent of which was spending their savings on food, employed by 30 percent of households. 23 percent of households were forced to cut down on medical expenses, and 16 percent had to sell their last remaining female animals causing an irreversible loss of livelihoods.


WASH is the highest priority need in 70 of the location across the locality. At present, there are 264 water sources available in Abu Jubaiha – only 58 per cent of which are still functional. The community is largely responsible for the maintenance of these sources.


According to the interviewed extension officers, the main shocks faced by livestock keepers in the past three months prior to the assessment were the following  ( in order of importance ) : lack of pasture, restricted livestock movement  ( transhumance )  due to COVID 19 containment measures, livestock diseases such as peste des petits ruminants and haemorrhagic septicaemia, followed by insufficient veterinary services, conflict/insecurity and limited access to water.


Land border crossing points are gradually re opening. Argin and Halfa official land border crossing points are now open for entry and exit. Karb Eltoum and Agok unofficial border crossing points and El Tina official crossing point remain open. Sawakin seaport is open for commercial traffic. All bus travel between states has been banned as of 26 March 2020, with the exception of humanitarian, commercial and technical shipments.


The operating status includes scheduled cargo flights; humanitarian aid and technical and humanitarian support flights; flights of companies operating in the oil fields; evacuation flights for foreign nationals; and repatriation flights for Sudanese stranded abroad, which began on 21 June 2020.


An economic crisis has triggered a rise in the cost of living and eroded household purchasing power  ( annual inflation reached almost 70 percent by November ) .


The Government's Commission for Refugees  ( COR )  and the Sudanese Red Crescent Society  ( SRCS )  supported the construction of 63 durable shelters  ( ‘tukuls' )  with the refugee community in White Nile State's newest refugee camp Al Jamey'a. Each shelter can accommodate up to 5 people.


Nearly 2 million Sudanese live as internally displaced in Sudan, that hosts about 1 million refugees. While humanitarian access and security have improved in some areas, there were setbacks that led to new displacement in Darfur.


With the closure of schools on 15 March, more than 8.1 million school children are out of school. This includes the 3.6 million children  ( aged between 5 and 13 years )  who lack access to education across the country.


Among  [ households ]  HHs with children aged 4 16 years who were attending school regularly  ( ≥4 days/week )  during the 2019 2020 school year prior to the school closures on 15 March 2020, 98% Of surveyed refugee HHs declared that their children either would return to school once the schools re opened, or if the schools had already re opened, that they had already returned to school, IDP  ( 96% ) , Non displaced  ( 98% ) .


Among  [ households ]  HHs that attempted to access health care in the 3 months prior to data collection, 74% of surveyed refugee HHs had to pay for it, IDP  ( 97% ) , Non displaced  ( 97% ) .


Among surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs with problems related to access to or quality of water, top 7 problems were: water is too expensive  ( 42% ) , Insufficient water points/waiting time too long  ( 40% ) , Water points are too far  ( 37% ) , water points are not functioning  ( 31% ) , cannot get enough water to meet all needs  ( 26% ) , water points are difficult to reach  ( not distance )   ( 12% ) , do not enough containers to store the water  ( 11% ) .


Among the 97% of  [ households ]  HHs overall that reported that they needed assistance, % of HHs by top 6 preferred sources of information on assistance: Community clubs/committees  ( 21% ) , Aid workers from the United Nations  ( 20% ) , Community leader  ( 20% ) , friends/family members  ( 20% ) , aid workers from international NGOs  ( 19% )  and mobile phone  ( 15% ) .


61% of  [ households ]  HHs overall have problems related to access to or quality of water: Non displaced  ( 60% ) , IDP  ( 80% ) , Refugee  ( 61% ) . Among the 61% of HHs overall with problems related to access to or quality of water, % of HHs by top 5 problems: Do not like the taste/quality of the water  ( 41% ) , Water is too expensive  ( 32% ) , Cannot get enough water to meet all needs  ( 27% ) , Water points are not functioning  ( 25% ) , Water points are too far  ( 18% ) .


Staple food prices have continued to increase more rapidly than normal in May and reached record highs each month. National retail price of sorghum in May is 191 per cent higher than the previous year, and 477 per cent higher than the 5 year average  ( 2015 2019 ) .


The violence has resulted in the deaths of three aid workers. Since 18 January the violence has subsided, improving security conditions for humanitarian actors. The situation is still volatile however, and some organisations are conducting needs assessments remotely because of security concerns


A prolonged closure of the borders could limit availability of these supplies  [ wheat and flour ]  and interrupt services.


The retail price of groundnut increased in five out of 10 states compared to the previous month. It sharply increased in North Kordofan  ( 19 percent ) , significantly in East Darfur  ( 12 percent ) , South Darfur  ( 9 percent ) , Blue Nile  ( 9 percent )  and West Darfur  ( 6 percent ) .


The retail price of goat increased in 6 out of 10 states compared to April 2019. It sharply increased in South Kordofan  ( 28 percent ) , Blue Nile  ( 21 percent ) , Red Sea  ( 12 percent ) , North Darfur  ( 12 percent )  and north Kordofan  ( 6 percent ) , and slightly in Central Darfur  ( 2.0 percent ) . It decreased in Kassala  ( 6 percent ) , West Darfur  ( 6 percent )  and East Darfur  ( 3 percent ) , while it remained constant in South Darfur. Kassala showed the highest price among all states  ( SDG 3,342/head )  while East Darfur recorded the lowest  ( SDG 1,745/head ) .


This high variation in the national average price of goat compared to previous months/years is mainly attributed to the inflationary increase in the cost of inputs and devaluation of the Sudanese currency, which also increased the demand for the export market


UNICEF's revised 2018 Humanitarian Action for Children  ( HAC )  appeal for Sudan amounted to US$115.14 million with a 44 per cent funding gap at end of the year.


On November 30, the GoS Ministry of Health  ( MoH ) , the UN Children's Fund  ( UNICEF ) , and the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  began the first round of a national polio vaccination campaign intended to curb the current outbreak of circulating vaccine derived type 2 poliovirus in the country.


In accordance with the terms of the October 3 Juba Peace Agreement, the SRF member groups agreed to form a military force consisting of 12,000 troops to protect civilians after the expiration of the UNAMID mandate on December 31.


Representatives of the armed opposition group coalition the Sudan Revolutionary Front  ( SRF )  comprising the Justice and Equality Movement, the Minni Minawi faction of the Sudan Liberation Army  ( SLA ) , and the Malik Agar faction of the Sudan People's Liberation Army North  ( SPLA N )  signed a peace agreement with the GoS in Juba on October 3, officially ending years of conflict in specific areas of Blue Nile, South Kordofan State, and Darfur Region, according to international media.  [ specific locations assessed   Darfur Region  ]


In Darfur, in particular there has been a spike in violent incidents. At least 4,000 people  ( 900 families )  have been displaced in violent attacks and burning of houses in Darfur.


Local cereal prices are assumed to continue to increase atypically in April to at least May, marking another 50 100%increase to 2018 and 210–240% increase compared to the five year average. Livestock prices have also risen by around 70 80% compared to 2017


Households across Sudan, including most IDPs, are struggling to meet their basic needs as staple food prices for wheat, millet and sorghum increased by 150 200% in 2018.


WFP is working with partners and authorities in Sudan to provide life saving food and nutrition assistance to the arriving refugees from Ethiopia. Food for hot meals or fortified high energy biscuits are provided at reception centres.


Reaching over 4,200 people in Blue Nile through the provision of soap, hygiene kits and jerricans.


The situation is expected to worsen more and more due to further deterioration in the value of the Sudanese currency in January 2021, which was traded at 288 SDG for 1 US$, on average, in the parallel market compared to 263 in December 2020. The national average local food basket cost has showing steady increase since the beginning of the previous year.


As of November 2018, most IDPs have missed cultivation while access to agricultural labor, collection and sales of forest products remained limited due to the continued insecurity situation.


According to FAO's Food Price and Monitoring Analysis  ( FPMA )  bulletin issued in July 2020, grain prices were inflated by a poor 2019 cereal harvest, weak currency, fuel shortages and high prices of agricultural inputs, which increased production and transportation costs. Additional pressure on grain prices is prevalent due to market and trading disruptions because of COVID 19 containment measures.


According to respondents, there were some disruptions of humanitarian assistance, especially in East Darfur, West Darfur, Kassala, Khartum and Sinnar states, mainly due to COVID 19 movement restrictions, and the closure of the airport and country borders.


17  ( 45% )  sites had referral procedures in place for suspected cases at the time the survey was conducted, while 23  ( 55% )  of locations were in the process of putting in the referral mechanisms or did not have them in place.  ( As per the survey )


In response, relief actors recently opened Tunaydbah as a second camp to host Ethiopian refugees; Tunaydbah can host as many as 20,000 refugees.


At the end of 2017, an interagency assessment led by UNHCR found that 78 percent of South Sudanese refugees resided out of camps, increasing the number of children that fell under UNICEF's child protection responsibility.


A significant reduction of the supply of freshwater fish to the Sudan was observed after the secession of South Sudan. For the most part, traditional fishing techniques and vessels are used in inland fisheries


High livestock prices were driven by high demand during the Eid al Adha festival at the time of the survey, high transportation costs due to COVID 19 movement restrictions and currency depreciation.


In order to support further isolation and social distancing, it may be necessary to decongest IDP locations through the provision of additional shelters or shelter materials.


Other Mitigation Measures: • Formation of Rapid response teams  ( RRTs )  , mobile awareness campaigns and training for leaders. • Lock of local market, mosques and bus stations. • Provision of hand washing facilities and sanitizer during food distribution. • Prevention measures addressed by Governor. • Hygiene awareness campaigns. • Community practice of social distancing. • Observing social distancing at health and nutrition facilities, raising awareness among the community.


The survey identified 19  ( 50% )  of the sites as having protection coverage while the remaining 19  ( 50% )  locations did not have sufficient coverage


These challenges  ( limited access to basic healthcare services )  are compounded by malnutrition, inadequate water and sanitation facilities, logistical challenges resulting from the remoteness of locations or ongoing insecurity, inadequate surveillance/early warning systems to detect cases in remote locations, and poor links to national disease monitoring systems.


The provision of WASH services at institutions such as healthcare facilities and schools remain critical in the fight against COVID 19. It is especially critical to prevent further disease transmission between patients, care providers and family members where risks of contagion are highest.


About 5.3 million people lack access to improved water sources, 6.2 million people lack access to improved sanitation, and 7.5 million people lack access to hygiene services. South, North, West and Central Darfur, North, South and West Kordofan, Red Sea, Kassala and Gedaref, White Nile, and Gezira all have critical and chronic WASH needs.  [ Specific location assessed   Gezina ]


Access to WASH in schools and primary health centers is limited.


Several localities in seven states affected by flooding have been classified one phase higher compared to the June 2020 projection. Five localities  ( Nyala Janoub, Nyala Shimal, Tulus, Kassala and Shendi )  shifted from Minimal Acute Food Insecurity  ( IPC Phase 1 )  to Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) . 11 localities  ( Galabat Ash Shargiah, Reifi Aroma, Kebkabiya, Soudari, Gebrat Al Sheikh, Al Meiram, Abu Hujar, Ad Dali El mazmom, Sinja, Mershing and ShargAj Jabal )  shifted from Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  to Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) . A few localities reported a population shift of between 5 10% to Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) .


In Darfur, according to the monitoring and reporting mechanism of grave child rights violations, at least one form of grave violation was reported against 516 children  ( 44 per cent of which are girls ) , with the highest number in Nyala  ( South Darfur ) , Zalingei  ( Central Darfur )  and Tawilla and Elfasher  ( North Darfur ) .


Children with disability who experience complex feeding disorders lack access to services supporting appropriate management of their special needs. They are usually slow to feed and often are given diets they cannot tolerate. Consequently, they frequently suffer from aspiration pneumonia, choking episodes, dehydration, wasting, stunting and general poor nutritional status.There is a lack of appropriate services available to address the special needs of children with disability and feeding problems.


Sudan lacks clinics that can provide a complete health care package. Currently, only 33 per cent of health facilities offer the complete basic healthcare package  ( which includes maternal and reproductive health care services, nutrition services, immunization, infectious diseases, and free medicines ) .


The economic crisis, conflict and natural shocks have had a negative impact on the agricultural season and overall food security. Based on the IPC Acute Food Insecurity analysis for June August 2019, it is estimated that 5.8 million people are experiencing crisis or worse levels of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3 and above )  and need timely lifesaving food and livelihoods assistance.


More than a third of the surveyed households had to adopt food based coping mechanisms to maintain minimum food consumption levels, and 12 percent of households employed severe food based coping mechanisms.


The Sudanese government has confirmed that, as at 3 March 2021, 30,500 people had contracted the virus and there had been 1,895 COVID 19 related deaths since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic.


Vaccination coverage is below standard. The Expanded Program of Immunization  ( EPI )  is low, with approximately 60 per cent overall coverage of DPT3 vaccine across Sudan, which is significantly below the targeted minimum average of 80 per cent. This lack of immunization coverage contributes to low immunity and has influenced the re appearance of vaccine preventable diseases such as measles during the first half of 2019. The lowest coverage was recorded across the Darfur states, West Kordofan  ( 48 per cent ) , and Sennar  ( 57 per cent ) .  [ specific location assessed   Darfur States ]


In Central Darfur, road conditions during the rainy season delayed the delivery of humanitarian assistance to 70,000 people in Dukun, Brindisi, Wadi Salih and Mukjar. This poses a challenge accessing food for both rural and urban households, who are highly dependent on markets for sourcing cereals.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  After months of civil protest, President Omar Al Bashir was removed from power on 11 April 2019, and a Transitional Military Council  ( TMC )  was established. Following this, civil protests continued calling for the establishment of a civilian government, a further break from the previous regime and peace. In September, a Transitional Government was formed, with peace and reforming the economy as top priorities


Consultations held within IDP camps in Um Dukhun  ( Central Darfur )  in 2019 revealed that over 90 per cent of the IDPs wished to return to their homes, and that security was their main barrier to doing so. In many parts of Darfur, armed men continued to harass IDP farmers, preventing them from accessing their land during the planting season. There continued to be reports of extortion, violence, sexual abuse and abduction.


high inflation is driving soaring food prices and shortages of cash, fuel, and medicines. In October 2019 high inflation is driving soaring food prices and shortages of cash, fuel, and medicines. In October 2019, the inflation rate reached 58 per cent – up from 40 per cent in October, though a decrease from 73 per cent in December 2018.


Young children, as well as pregnant and lactating women  ( PLW )  are more susceptible to being malnourished as their nutritional requirements are higher. The prevalence of MAM among PLWs is 6.3 per cent, and the prevalence of global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  in children under 5 is 14.1 per cent


Physical and mental wellbeing consequences directly affect people's mental health, physical integrity and dignity in the short term. Approximately 7.8 million people are affected by critical issues related to their physical and mental wellbeing.


Women and girls also face a real risk sexual exploitation and abuse as they seek survival for themselves and their families during this pandemic.


[ 2019, Sudan ] Sudan is one of the world's largest protracted humanitarian crises; since 2018, it has been beset by an economic crisis characterised by spiraling inflation, bread, cash and fuel shortages, and a growing number of people faced with failed livelihoods, poverty and resorting to extreme coping mechanisms.


Trapped inside their homes for extended periods due to lockdown measures, the risks of gender based violence increases.


As of 30 March 2020, inter state public transportation has been halted and a country wide imposed curfew between 18:00 and 06:00; following this, on 18 April, authorities effected a lockdown in Khartoum and North Darfur. During the lockdown, people are allowed to purchase essentials goods between 06:00 and 13:00.


Severe floods in 2020, COVID 19, and the economic crisis have had a negative effect on agricultural production, which has contributed to increased food insecurity in Sudan.


Refugee households are often required to travel far distances of 3 5 km to collect firewood for cooking


The Humanitarian Aid Commission and UN agencies previously identified WASH as a priority need for IDPs in Ag Geneina. Newly displaced people lack access to WASH facilities in the temporary shelters


A COVID   19 Country Preparedness and Response Plan  ( CPRP )  is currently being implemented by UN agencies, NGOs and other partners in support of the Sudanese Government   led response.


WFP UNHAS facilitated needs assessments by taking inter agency teams to the areas affected by floods.


The response has an average of 50 persons per latrine.


Based on emergency tracking, more than 425,000 people are estimated to have been displaced fro al Hudaydah since June, with the majority displaced within Hudaydah  ( 33% )  or to Amanat al Asimah  ( 33% ) , with other significant locations of new displacement being Hajjah, Raymah and Taizz. Together with other humanitarian response partners and in coordination with the Rapid Response Mechanism, Protection Displaced child at Dharawan Settlement, Sana'a. UNHCR/M.Hamoud Cluster partners are working to identify vulnerable and persons with specific needs and follow up with emergency protection assistance and services at humanitarian service and distribution points.


“The world has issued loud and clear appeals for the port to be spared. These calls must be honoured. The lives of tens of thousands of children are at stake.


In December, Voyage 135 between Djibouti and Aden was cancelled as clearance was not received; neither passengers nor cargo werebooked for that voyage. Voyage 136,the last of 2018, occurredwith one passenger on board.


Transfer of cash for rental subsidies completed by UNHCR to 104 families in Sa'adah City and 2,721 families in Bart Al Anan, Kharab Al Marashi, Rajuzah, Al Matammah, and Az Zahir districts of Al Jawf governorate. NFIs distribution completed by ACTED for 1,004 IDP families in Monabbih district  ( Sa'adah )  and 233 IDP families in Al Maslub district of Al Jawf Governorate and UNHCR through YDF  ( Yemen Development Foundation )  assisted 61 displaced families with NFIs and 33 families with EESKs in Sa'adah City.


NFI distribution completed by ADRA for 720 families in Dhamar governorate with stocks donated by DFID. It provided the first emergency response to these families who have recently displaced from Al Hudaydah through the provision of emergency NFIs. NRC assisted 400 families in Suwayr district with NFIs while YRCS  ( Yemen Red Crescent Society )  assisted 73 families in other six districts in Amran governorate. EESKs distribution completed by UNHCR through ADRA and YRCS for 3 families in Amran and Dhamar governorates. Transfer of cash for rental subsidies completed by NRC and UNHCR through YRCS and ADRA to 1,625 families in Amran and Dhamar governorates. The cash grants targeted IDP and HC families to reinforced their coping strategies.


Attacks on civilians have become a deadly trend in Yemen's war. The new media reports of civilian casualties follow recent coalition strikes on a busload of school children that killed 51 people, and over three years of ceaseless violence from both parties to the conflict on homes, markets, hospitals, schools and farms. More than 350,000 Yemeni people have fled violence along Yemen's west coast since the beginning of June, adding to the three million displaced through the course of the war. People forced to flee are not simply numbers, they are individuals forced to leave everything they have behind in an effort to stay alive.


There are certain neighborhoods with a high concentration of the poor, but it is widely agreed that the poor are “found everywhere,' except in certain new high class residential neighborhoods, such as Hadda.

Context->Demography
Context->Economy
Context->Socio cultural


Sa'ada and Al Jawf governorates continue to bear the brunt of airstrikes and fierce ground clashes. In the last week, airstrikes were reported in the districts of Kitaf Wa Al Boqe'e, Razih, Baqim, Al Dhaher, Haydan, Monabbih and Ghamr. Clashes escalated in Baqim district along the border.


WASH partners continued to scale up the response and reached over 10.8 million people through some form of assistance. Support to operation, maintenance and rehabilitation of public water systems, including Rapid Response Teams  ( RRT )  for emergency repairs, provision of fuel, and water treatment, reached an estimated 5.2 million people. WASH partners provided emergency and life saving assistance through scaling up the cholera prevention and response, including deployment of RRT, distribution of Cholera kits and WASH interventions in priority areas.


Since 2000, with the issuance of the Local Authorities Law No. 4, Yemen has been pursuing an ambitious decentralization agenda. This agenda aims to delegate greater fiscal and administrative authority to local governments and to give communities –public leaders, residents, and investors – more control over the economic and social development of their cities and towns.


From 07 August to 26 September, IOM identified an increase of 13,355 displaced households. The largest increases being within Amanat Al Asimah , Al Hudaydah and Taizz Governorate, with:  6,447 HH  ( estimated 38,682 individuals )  in Amanat Al Asimah, displaced to Ma'ain, Old City, Shu'aub, Bani Al Harith, Az'zal, Ath'thaorah, At Tahrir and Assafiyah districts. Households reached Amant Al Asimah by bus using Manakhah road access.  5,040 HH  ( estimated 30,240 individuals )  in Al Hudaydah, displaced to Al Marawi'ah, Zabid, Bayt Al Faqiah, Az Zaydiyah, Al Qanawis, Al Garrahi and Al Mansuriyah district.  794 HH  ( estimated 4,764 individuals )  in Taizz , displaced to Hayfan, Al Misrakh, Al Ma'afer and As Silw district. Table: Hudaydah household and individual level displacements, per governorate. Covering a period between 1 June – 26 September, 2018.


Like the rest of Yemen, there are large gaps in basic infrastructure. However, Aden has a number of infra structure offerings that are attractive to businesses in key clusters, such as an international airport, seaport and container terminal


However, as the second largest city in Yemen, Aden is home to about 10% of the country's poor urban families  ( approximately 16,500 households ) . Compounding the poverty challenge is the fact that urban areas have high income inequality. In Aden, for example, income inequality increased by about 14% between 1998 and 2006.8


Although Yemen's Red Sea ports of Al Hudaydah and Al Saleef remained open for commercial and humanitarian imports as of July 11, any significant, prolonged disruptions to port operations would likely result in Famine IPC 5 levels of acute food insecurity within three to four months, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network  ( FEWS NET )  reports.


In Hodeida Remand Prison, the ICRC completed the construction of a sewage lifting station connecting the detention facility to the public sewer system for the first time since its construction. ◼ In Hodeida Water Sanitation Local Corporation, the ICRC supplied and installed AC stand two unit for GIS in HWSLC building 14 beneficiaries.


U.S. Government  ( USG )  partner the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  was providing health worker incentives, medicines, and technical staff to support three health centers in Al Hudaydah Governorate's Bayt Al Faqiah District and operating two mobile teams in Al Hudaydah city as of late June.


In response to increased Al Hudaydah IDP arrivals in Aden, relief actors have scaled up operations from the Aden humanitarian hub. Nearly 5,000 of the approximately 8,000 IDP arrivals to areas served by the Aden hub had received RRM kits as of July 4, the UN reports. Relief actors initiated delivery of 3,000 RRM kits to Ibb and Ta'izz on June 30 to assist an additional 3,000 Al Hudaydah IDPs in those governorates.


As a result of significant rise in the prices of basic food commodities, the national average monthly per capita cost of minimum food basket gone up by 6.5% between July and August  ( increased from 3,972 YER in July to 4,229 YER in August 2018 ) . The cost of the minimum food basket in August was 79% higher than in the pre crisis period.


Due to the intensifica�on of figh�ng in Al Hudyadah governorate, SNC  ( Sub Na�onal Cluster )  Partners are closely monitoring the displacements in the hub to ensure provision of immediate response.


As fighting has continued near Hodeidah, the site of Yemen's most important port, over 35,000 families have been displaced from the governate since 1 June, according to the UN. Still, most people remain unwilling or unable to leave behind their homes and everything they own.


Responding to the United Nations Human Rights Council vote to renew the mandate of the Group of Eminent Experts  ( GEE ) , which has been investigating violations and abuses of international law committed by all sides in Yemen, Amnesty International's Senior Advocate Kevin Whelan said: “Today's vote sends a clear signal to all perpetrators of crimes under international law in Yemen that impunity is not an option. All parties to the conflict – including the Saudi and UAE led coalition, the Yemeni government and the Huthi de facto authorities – must fully cooperate with the UN investigation team and help facilitate their work.


More than five million people are at immediate risk of starvation with the UN estimating that an additional 8 million are at risk in the short to medium term. Lise Grande of the UN this week said: “We predict that we could be looking at 12 to 13 million innocent civilians who are at risk of dying from the lack of food.'


HODEIDAH, 21st August, 2018  ( WAM )     The Emirates Red Crescent, ERC, continued its campaign of distributing sacrificial meat in the liberated areas of Yemen on the occasion of Eid al Adha. The ERC distributed meat to the residents of Ad Durayhimi and Al Munthar in the governorate of Hodeidah.


Indiscriminate Artillery AttacksHouthi Saleh forces have repeatedly fired artillery indiscriminately into Yemeni cities and into southern Saudi Arabia. Human Rights Watch documented attacks by both Houthi Saleh and government aligned forces inside Yemen that have struck populated neighborhoods, killing and wounding civilians. Over three days in May, artillery attacks in Taizz, most of them carried out by Houthi Saleh forces, killed at least 12 civilians, including four children, and wounded 29, including 10 children. The OHCHR called the shelling of Taizz “unrelenting.'


The crisis stems from the conflict between a military alliance led by Saudi Arabia and Yemen's Houthi rebels. It has been made worse by food and trade routes being cut off. An attack on passenger buses in Hudaydah last weekend was just the latest atrocity in an unacceptable pattern of attacks on civilian women, men and children.


At least three attacks hit the city on 2 August, which is controlled by the Houthis, with mortars landing in different locations in Al Hawak district. These include Hudaydah fishing port where mortars stuck the dock and hangar, at the time full of fishermen and street vendors. Shortly afterwards, three mortars fired in quick succession hit Al Thawra Hospital and its surroundings, also causing many civilian casualties. The first landed in the street in front of the hospital, which was full of traffic, street vendors and pedestrians. The second landed on a nearby road and the third hit and destroyed the hospital archive.


Some civilians are reportedly stranded in areas of fighting without access to humanitarian assistance. The Yemen Red Crescent has evacuated 20 wounded civilians and the two bodies from Al Mandhar, with the wounded being taken to hospitals inside Hudaydah City.


Aden Hub: Since December 2017, the total number of families displaced to areas accessible by the Aden Hub has reached 15,678 households as of 13 May. Most new IDPs have come from Taizz, Al Hudaydah and Al Bayda governorates. During the reporting period, humanitarian partners continued to respond to the needs of the affected people. WFP and UNICEF availed 1,000 rapid response kits for pre positioning in Al Mokha and Al Khawkhah.


**According to the UN Refugee Agency  ( UNHCR )  in Yemen, at least 152 Somali and Ethiopian refugees and migrants left the Yemeni port of Aden on an overcrowded boat with people smugglers on 23 January. The boat never made it to its destination in Djibouti after it capsized amid reports of guns being fired on board.


According to the UN, more than 65,000 Yemenis are estimated to have been killed or injured in the conflict.


As part of supporting national programmes in the implementation of HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria activities in Yemen, IOM established a mobile medical team to increase awareness of these diseases, and to create demand for the health services made available through this initiative. The mobile medical team conducts awareness sessions and distributes printed materials in places such as orphans schools, prisons, and camps and camp like settings in Amran, Hajjah, Hudaydah, and Sana'a. Suspected cases of TB/Malaria are referred for laboratory investigation and necessary treatment. Food baskets are procured, warehoused, and distributed among target beneficiaries. X ray film rules, film packets, and film solution are provided to the National Tuberculosis Institute  ( NTI )  and TB centres across Yemen. Some of the key achievements to date include: Supporting the National Malaria Control Programme  ( NMCP )  in the rehabilitation and maintenance of a pharmaceuticals warehouse; and Supporting National TB Programme  ( NTP )  in providing quarterly nutritional support for patients on TB treatment including multi drug resistant TB  ( MDR TB ) .


All Hudaydah and Saleef ports remain open and operational. On 1 October, three vessels were at berth and three in the anchorage area at Al Hudaydah port. One was in the holding area and five were en route. Since the beginning of September, 22 vessels have berthed at the Red Sea ports and discharged 389,851 MT of food commodities and 85,940 Metric Tons  ( MT )  of fuel supplies.


While food supplies have continued through Hodeidah port through September, the amount of fuel discharged reflects only 21 per cent of the amount required, causing shortages that threaten transport, water pumps and hospital generators. Fuel shortages across Yemen have pushed prices up by as much as 300% over the past month in some parts of the country.


UNHCR, through the Jeel Albena Association for Humanitarian Development, completed the distribution of NFIs to 1,598 families and enhanced emergency shelter kits  ( EESK )  to 965 families in Ad Durayhimi district. UNHCR, through ADRA, also completed the distribution of NFIs to 23 families in Dhamar Governorate, 299 families in six IDPs hosting sites in Amanat Al Asimah Governorate and 78 families in Amran Governorate. The NFI kits contain critical household items such as blankets, mattresses, kitchen sets, sleeping mats and water buckets.


WHO reports that, as of 15 February 2018, the cumulative number of suspected diphteria cases is 1,085 with 66 associated deaths. 20 governorates and 162 districts have reported suspected cases. Ibb and Al Hudaydah are the most affected governorates. Children under the age of five years account for 30 per cent of suspected cases and for 47 per cent of diphteria associated deaths.