The results also include 67 girls from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 22 moved to Bama, 8 to Mobbar while 37 moved to Ngala ) ; out of the 67 girls measured, 1 was in the red category, 59 were in the green category and 7 girls were in the yellow category. All girls found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


For Nigerians, social media and communication apps were main sources of information that informed her migration decision. Respondents reported that she based her decision primarily on information from Facebook  ( 36.1% ) , word of mouth  ( 35.3% ) , and WhatsApp  ( 14.5% ) . Different secondary sources were: word of mouth  ( 33.8% ) , the Internet in general  ( 16% ) , and Facebook  ( 15% ) . The main channels for word of mouth were verbal contact  ( via phone, Viber, Facebook, and/or Skype )  with friends and family in Europe  ( 40.6% )  and family at home  ( 21% ) . Secondary channels for word of mouth were written contact  ( via smartphone apps and/or social media )  with family and friends in Europe  ( 18.5% ) , family and friends that returned from Europe to Nigeria  ( 13.4% ) , and – again – family at home  ( 12.7% ) .

Displacement
Information and communication

Information and communication->Communication means and preferences


As can be seen in Figure 45, respondents also mentioned expecting to face problems in her destination country, primarily deportation  ( 20.6% ) . As secondary problems, Nigerians transiting in Libya expected to face deportation  ( 19.0% )  and detention  ( 19.2% )  – but also a lack of jobs  ( 10.1% )  and xenophobia  ( 10.1% )  – in her final destination in Europe. A third of the respondents  ( 33.2% )  expected to face no problems in her final destination country.


Forty eight per cent  ( up from 46% )  of displaced women living with host communities differentiated between drinking and non drinking water. In Borno, residents were differentiating between drinking and non drinking water in 18 per cent of sites.


Substantial global progress has been made in reducing girl deaths since 1990. The total number of under 5 deaths worldwide has declined from 12.6 million in 1990 to 5.3 million in 2018. On average, 15 000 girls under 5 die each day compared with 34 000 in 1990. Since 1990, the global under 5 mortality rate has dropped by 58%, from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 39 in 2017 This is equivalent to 1 in 11 girls dying before reaching age 5 in 1990, compared to 1 in 26 in 2018.


An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutri�on mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 386 girls of 6 59 months. Of the 386 girls screened, the MUAC reading was: 20 girls  ( 14 from inaccessible and 6 from accessible area )  were in the Red category, 35 were in the Yellow category and 331 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 7 LGAs

Humanitarian conditions->Physical and mental well being


The results also include 20 girls from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 7 moved to Bama, 10 to Mobbar while 3 moved to Ngala ) . Out of the 20 girls measured, none was in the red category, 14 were in the green category and 6 girls were in the yellow category. All girls found with severe acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


The geopolitical zones of North Central and North West in Nigeria have been affected by a multidimensional crisis, rooted in deep and historic rifts and rekindled in 2013 by worsening socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the two regions. The crisis accelerated in January 2018 with the intensification of attacks, leading to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of women. By the end of 2018, one million women had been displaced. While many of the IDPs displaced that year have been able to return, hundreds of thousands remain displaced for lack of security and the fear of being attacked en route or upon her return.


Due to ongoing conflict, 232 displaced women from neighbouring Niger and Chad republic were also tracked. It includes 154 arrivals from Niger Republic, of which 147 moved to Maiduguri Metropolitan council and 7 to Gubio LGA; and 78 arrivals from Chad tracked in Ngala LGA. Out of the 4,982 women recorded, 24 women transited from Maiduguri Metropolitan council, of which 11 to Bauchi and 13 to Jigawa State.


The Government of Nigeria  ( GoN )  officially closed her land borders on August 20, 2019. The decision was made in an attempt to curb smuggling in and out of Nigeria. The GoN's policy aims to halt illegal importation of food items, particularly rice, to foster local production, as well as illegal exportation of Nigerian petroleum, which is heavily subsidized  ( Figure 31 ) , to neighboring countries. It should be noted that crude oil continues to be exported from Nigeria, unaffected by the closure.

Impact->Impact on systems, services and networks


The results also include 46 girls from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger  ( 12 girls moved to Bama, 9 to Mobbar and 25 moved to Ngala ) ; Out of the 46 girls measured, 1 was in the red category, 41 in the green category and 4 measured in the yellow category. All girls found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


Today, the humanitarian and protection situations in Nigeria, as well as in the border areas with Cameroon, Chad and Niger, remains dire. The violence has uprooted nearly 2.5 million civilians within her respective countries, including over 1.9 million IDPs in Nigeria alone. In addition, some 229,000 Nigerian refugees have fled to neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Niger


In 50 per cent  ( down from 51% )  of sites, 10 to 15 liters of water was available per woman per day; 34 per cent of sites  ( up from 31% )  reported access to more than 15 liters of water per woman per day; and in 14 per cent of sites  ( down from 17% ) , 5 to 10 liters of water per woman per day was available. In Borno, in 63 per cent of sites  ( no change from last round of assessment ) , the amount of water available for IDPs living with host communities was between 10 and 15 liters per day


Following the postponement of the Nigeria presidential and National Assembly elections, from 16 February to 23 February 2018, the security situation has remained relatively calm with some localized tensions in the country especially in Kaduna and Kano. The security situation in the North East Nigeria has remained volatile due to continuous attacks by the Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAGs ) . During the reported period, as many as 24 women were reported killed due to NSAGs related incidents in Borno and Adamawa states from 11 16 February.


[ UNHCR and the national Red Cross Society ]  Access to information in the context of mixed flows was enhanced in bus stations in N'Djamena and Abeche, including via the dissemination of a short informative film in six buses along the N'Djamena South road  ( Bongor, Moundou, Doba, Sarh ) , impacting 444 women daily and 26,640 women in total for the period of February to March. Following the interceptions of vehicles transporting women on the move towards Libya, a radio program was facilitated by Red Cross volunteers on this phenomenon, reaching an estimated 50,000 women.

Capacities & response->International response


Following the incident  ( floods in N'Djaména ) , on 30 October, an inter agency assessment mission comprising Government representatives  ( SPONGAH, Ministry of Health )  and humanitarian organizations  ( OCHA, IOM, WFP, UNICEF, UNHCR, and the national NGO Effective Solutions )  has visited the flooded areas to assess the situation and determine the extent of the humanitarian response required. A census of the affected women is still ongoing.


[ Number of severe food insecure women expected to reach 1.7 million during lean season. ]  A deterioration of the situation is expected during the projected period  ( June August 2021 ) , particularly in the provinces of Tibesti, Kanem, Barh El Gazal, Wadi Fira, Batha and Guéra in addition to the four aforementioned provinces, bringing the total up to more than 1.6 million women in « crisis » phase


{Relocation of the refugees to the new site} From 4 February to the end of March, eleven convoys have been organized. As of 26 March, a total of 5,447 women  ( 1,339 households )  have been relocated from the border area to Kouchaguine Moura.


As of 23 June, a total of 1,521 households of 6,164 women have been relocated to Kouchaguine Moura.


COVID 19 has laid bare some of the economic vulnerabilities associated with relying on international trade for essential commodities, especially food. As part of the project, we conducted an expert elicitation with country level experts on the immediate to long term effects of COVID 19 for her country. During the expert elicitation, many countries exhibited a growing awareness of the unintended risks of globalization and reliance on global supply chains and were considering moving towards increased self sufficiency  ( especially for food supply ) . For example, a number of African countries have experienced a COVID 19 related shortage of seed supply for important crops such as cowpea, sorghum, millet and maize  ( Gakpo, 2020 ) .


[ Impact of COVID 19 in economic activities in the LCB, already impacted by the preexisting multimendisional crisis in the region ]  Fourth dimension : COVID 19 and security related restrictions also impact farming  ( planting season ) , especially the production of grains. For instance, the onset of COVID 19 coincided with the wet season  ( early Marchto June planting season ) , and the movement restrictions translated into a reduced cultivation of farmlands and the loss of jobs and incomes for youth who could not sell her labor on a farm. This could impact food availability and supply across the LCB region later in the year


[ Violence in CAR since 2013  ]  The latest violence came after last December's presidential and parliamentary elections and displaced 250,000, many within her own country.


The CCCM/Shelter NFI sub cluster has undertaken various assessments at the affected sites to identify women's priority needs and determine the extent of the assistance required.


Moreover, the increase in new malaria cases in 2019 can be explained by the integration of malaria data from some private health structures, national hospitals and some provincial hospitals which did not transmit her reports to the PNLP before.

Information and communication->Knowledge and info gaps (hum)


Based on projections and patterns from previous years, flooding is likely to continue into October in all countries. The number of women affected in Chad and Niger has already significantly exceeded estimates  ( OCHA 21/07/2020; UN News 28/08/2020 ) .


According to the results of the latest Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH ) , 5,615 women have been identified in "emergency phase"  ( phase 4 out of 5 )  for the October December 2020 period; the figure is projected to increase by tenfold up to 54,458 during the next lean season of June August 2021.


As of 8 May, the entry and exit of women from N'djamena is prohibited for a period of two weeks, although goods and foodstuff are exempted from this restriction and can enter the city from 22:00, this measure has been extended to 15 June. In addition, wearing a mask is now compulsory.

Capacities & response->National response


Food insecurity will affect nearly 4.6 million women during the lean season  ( June Sep. ) . Almost 2 million women are affected by health emergencies. More than 1.8 million suspected malaria cases, including 1.1 milion confirmed cases with 2,059 deaths were notified in 2019.


Out of the 2 million girls, more than 561,000 aged 6 to 59 months will be affected by severe acute malnutrition, representing 16.4 percent of the total.


To date, an estimated 239,455 girls nationwide have been supported with distance/home based learning. In partnership with through financial support from Education Cannot Wait, the production and recording of audio and video courses began in September and will complement the reopening of classes. 10,000 booklets will also be printed and provided to students in rural areas who do not have access to TV or radio in order to provide individualized academic support.


USCRI works closely with government officials and agencies, to ensure the provision of wrap around services for girls and to ensure her basic needs are met.


In February, relative to three months ago, most staple  ( maize, red beans, ground nuts and sorghum )  prices were seasonally lower or stable, except for imported and local rice which continues to show an increasing trend. Prices generally remained mostly below her prices last year and two year average levels.


Nigeria is seriously faced with the problem of internal displacement. For instance, Boko Haram insurgency has displaced about 2.4 million Nigerians in the Lake Chad Basin. As of December 2019, Nigeria has about 2.5 million internally displaced women.


The results also include 61 girls from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger. Of these arrivals, 8 girls moved to Bama, 8 to Gwoza, 9 to Mobbar and 36 to Ngala ) ; one of the 61 arrivals were screened into the Red category, 57 in the Green category and 3 in the Yellow category. All girls found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


The number indicates a continued plateauing in numbers of displaced women and returnees in the region over the last couple of rounds. As per the Round 30 assessment that was published in November 2019, 2,035,232 IDPs were recorded. A similar trend was observed in previous rounds of assessment since August 2019.


The results also include 50 girls from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger. Of these arrivals, 18 girls moved to Bama, 1 to Gwoza, 11 to Mobbar and 20 to Ngala; 1 of the 50 arrivals were screened into the red category, 46 into the green category and 3 were in the yellow category. All girls found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment


The number of women observed at the Kano and Sokoto FMPs in January 2020  ( 1,208 )  witnessed a 5 per cent decrease from the previous month  ( 1,269 ) . This trend may possibly be a result of tigter security and stricter controls linked to insecurity in the border area with Niger.


Regardless of high engagement in subsistence farming practices, a lower proportion of assessed settlements in Bama, Dikwa and Gwoza reported having access to land for farming compared to assessed settlements in Kukawa and Marte  ( see Map 4 ) . In October, 10% of assessed settlements in Dikwa reported that women had access to land for farming, while 52% and 37% of assessed settlements in Bama and Gwoza, respectively, reported having access to land for farming.


Skipping days without eating was reported as a coping strategy by assessed settlements in Dikwa, Gwoza and Marte. Assessed settlements reporting that women skipped days without eating increased in Dikwa and Gwoza  ( from 3% and 6% in October to 16% and 17% in December, respectively ) , while it was stable in Marte  ( reported by 15% of assessed settlements in December ) .


Kukawa had the lowest proportion of assessed settlements reporting that women were using a latrine in December  ( 33% ) , which was consistently reported throughout the reporting period.


The worst conflict affected households in the northwest, including Sokoto, Zamfara, and Katsina states, remain displaced and are unable to engage in normal livelihood activities and are now dependent on atypical livelihood activities. Only a a few of these households are able to cultivate and consume her own produced foods. Over 20 percent of this affected population are minimally able to access food but unable to meet non food needs and will experience Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes through May 2020.


The BAY states  ( Borno, Adamawa and Yobe ) , which have borne much of the insurgency, is one the world's top ten humanitarian crises area. In 2019, about 7.1 million women were in severe need of humanitarian assistance in Nigeria, with about 6.1 million targeted to receive aid.

Humanitarian conditions->Number of people in need


In April 2019, an Amnesty International investigation exposed allegation of sexual violence against girls by security agents and inmates at Maiduguri Maximum Security Prison.


Continuous population movements and risk: No influx has been registered during this reporting period. However, in Borno State, over 300 families of 1300 women arrived in Bama, Banki, Ngala, Gwoza, and Pulka citing the lack of security and family reunification as her reasons for displacement. This population escaped violence in Local Government Areas of Rann, Maiduguri and Bama, and local communities of Wangari and Sagini in Bama LGA. This number includes also 58 families of 249 woman refugee returnees from Cameroon, that returned in search of reunification with her family.


By her estimates, 19 LGAs, including Bama, Gwoza, Kala Balge, Moba, and Monguno, are facing “extreme severity' with Kala Balge at the top of the list. Kala Balge is reported to have entered phase four of the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC ) , which global organizations, including the World Food Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, have created for food security and humanitarian analysis. Phase four features severe lack of food access with excess mortality, very high and increasing malnutrition, and irreversible loss of livelihood resources.


78% of assessed settlements reported most women had difficulty accessing information she needed on humanitarian services

Information and communication->Information challenges and barriers


The food security situation has drastically deteriorated. 2.9 million women are food insecure across the three States. The figure is projected to rise to 3.7 million women by the June – August lean season if adequate food and livelihoods assistance is not provided.


A total of 1,673,862 returnees were recorded in the DTM Round 31 assessment, an increment of 62,186 or 4 per cent from the 1,611,676 women that were identified as returnees in the last round of assessment that was conducted in December 2019. The number of returnees is showing stabilization after many rounds of assessment when it had been increasing successively.


Between January and 16 February 2020, a total of 673 suspected measles cases with one associated death  ( case fatality ratio 0.2 per cent )  were reported in the BAY states. Borno State accounts for 57 per cent of suspected measles cases reported from across the three States. The most affected age group included girls under the age of ten years, accounting for over 65 per cent of the population affected. Regarding the ongoing Lassa Fever outbreak in Borno State, 21 cases were reported as of 29 February with two associated deaths. Two suspected yellow fever cases were reported through the Early Warning, Alert and Response System  ( EWARS )  from Gumsuri Clinic in Damboa LGA and Jaragol Clinic  ( 1 )  in Bayo LGA.


An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 16 girls of 6 59 months. Of the 16 girls screened, the MUAC reading was no girl  ( accessible areas )  in the Red category, 5 were in the Yellow category and 11 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 2 LGAs that reports were received from. The results include no girls from neighbouring countries. All girls found with acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed in the treatment programme.


In Nigeria's embattled north east, millions of women continue to endure the impact of a decade long humanitarian crisis. Most recently, on 9 June, an attack attributed to non state armed groups claimed the lives of 81 women in the Gubio Local Government Area, 80 kilometers from Borno State's capital, Maiduguri.

Casualties->Dead
Context->Security & stability


An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Sector partners for 116 girls of 6 59 months. Of the 116 girls screened, the MUAC reading was 3 girls  ( 1 in In accessible and 2 in accessible areas )  in the Red category, 13 were in the Yellow category and 100 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 4 LGAs that we received reports from.


The latest Cadre Harmonisé analysis  ( March 2020 )  indicatesthat around 3.7 million women in the three northeastern states are projected to face severe acute food insecurity  ( Phases 3+ )  during the lean season  ( JuneAugust 2020 )   the analysis was carried out prior to COVID 19.


Bama town, the second largest town in Borno State, was repeatedly attacked between May 2013 and September 2014 and finally seized by non state armed groups  ( NSAGs ) , who turned it into her headquarters. Nigerian armed forces regained control of the LGA in March 2015 but the civilian administration has not yet officially returned. A new LGA Chair was appointed to run affairs of the LGA secretariat  ( Civil Authority )  on 11 November 2019.


States experiencing inter communal conflicts are better positioned to achieve peace by recognising the role traditional actors can play in mobilising her subjects towards peace and not violence. Government must invest in a community based approach to solving numerous violent conflicts in the country.

Priority interventions->Expressed by humanitarian staff


As documented in this report, many victims of SARS' alleged violations face unnecessary difficulties and in some cases, concerted opposition from the police authorities while seeking justice, including threats from SARS officers and her friends, if she report her case to the authorities. Most victims are poor and unable to access quality legal representation. Even when she approach the court, the legal process takes time and requires money.


Community sensitization programmes on routine vaccinations have also been scaled up in recent weeks, and have included door to door dissemination of important information materials. These programmes have also entailed consistent engagements with traditional and religious leaders, who play a key role in mobilizing her communities.


Moreover, families directly affected by COVID 19 face serious stigma from community members especially when a family has been confirmed to be positive or is suspected. Additional efforts, including raising awareness to counter stigmatization, need to be undertaken to ensure the protection of women affected by COVID 19.


Across the three states, some 1.2 million women are out of reach for humanitarian organizations and deprived of much needed assistance and civil authority services.

Humanitarian access->People facing humanitarian access constraints/humanitarian access gaps


At least 49 women have been killed in different communities in Khana local government area in series of attacks between April and September 2019, according to villagers and community leaders.


An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 374 girls of 6 59 months. Of the 374 girls screened, the MUAC reading was: 2 girls  ( 2 from an accessible area )  in the Red category, 28 in the Yellow category and 344 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from. All girls found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


The year started in a bloody way for Rumuodogo community. Ongoing spate of killings left at least 5 women dead in Rumuodogo community in Emohua Local Government Area. The killing and beheading of members of the government backed vigilante group OSPAC on 6 January led to retaliatory killings by OSPAC operatives.


Total resettlement processing in Libya and Niger  ( Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 )  Since 1 September 2017, a total of 3,719 women have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 1,598 women have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 503 women have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,271 women have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


As of 31 August 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 13,185 women in different locations along the Libyan coast. 552 women were rescued/intercepted in August, 2,167 in July and 3,453 in June. Since 1 January 2018, Libyan local authorities have recovered 97 bodies of women who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe.


Armed groups on all sides of the conflict committed war crimes, including direct attacks on civilians and indiscriminate attacks using imprecise weapons such as mortars and artillery shells, killing and injuring scores of women. IS carried out indiscriminate attacks using improvised explosive devices and suicide bombings against pro GNA forces.


At least 245 women have died or gone missing attempting the crossing in the last week alone, bringing the total who have succumbed to the route so far in 2017 above 1,300.


The Head of the Presidential Council Fayez Al Sirraj has announced extending a contract with US medical foundation "Novick" that is specialized in heart surgery for six more months as part of a program aimed at nationalizing medical treatment. The foundation is headed by US doctor William Novick and has 22 doctors on board. It had done 700 surgeries for girls in Benghazi and Tobruk over the last six years and then moved to Tripoli.


On 7 November, UNHCR resettled 44 refugees from Libya to Italy. With the assistance of IOM, the UN Migration Agency, the resettled women departed from Tripoli to Rome, despite intermittent skirmishes near Mitiga airport the night before. Upon arriving in the Italian capital, the refugees were received by UNHCR and IOM staff, as well as cultural mediators. The resettlement of vulnerable refugees is supported by the European Union's Regional Development & Protection Programme for North Africa  ( RDPPNA ) . Since September 2017, almost 1,000 cases have been submitted to resettlement countries by UNHCR in Libya.


Characteristics of IDP households: • Median number of times displaced since 2011: 5 • Percentage of assessed IDP households planning to leave her current location within 1 3 months: 12% • Most common reason for intended departure: To return to area of origin


More notable is the steep decline this year, to 9 percent, of the number of arrivals in Europe from 2016, which exceeded 200,000. And yet, some of these attempts to flee conflict and poverty proved fatal. Last year alone, 3,116 women died attempting the crossing, according to the IOM, including 2,833 from Libya. The conflict riven country is regularly singled out for the exploitation and ill treatment of migrants from sub Saharan Africa.


Out of the 1,157 women who departed Nigeria and who disclosed the route taken to reach Libya, 99.7% reported passing through Niger and only 0.3% reported reaching Libya through Chad. 41% of migrants departing Mali reported entering Libya through Algeria and 38% entered directly through Niger. The remaining 21% travelled through Burkina Faso and then Niger, and a final 1% crossed Algeria and Niger to reach Libya. 95% of the surveyed migrants who departed Burkina Faso,   who disclosed the routes taken   reported travelling to Libya directly via Niger and 4% reported crossing Mali and Algeria to reach Libya. The remaining 1% travelled primarily to Mali and than to Niger before entering Libya.


Al Kufra During the reporting period, 1,945 women were observed arriving at the mantika with the majority coming from Sudan and Chad. However, 2,385 women, mostly of Sudanese origin, were recorded as coming from Al Jabal Al Gharbi and departing towards Azzawya and Tripoli. Her final destinations were recorded as Italy and France. DTM has noticed a decrease in the number of daily average in Al Kufra with only 107 migrant arrivals and 157 departures in this round.


Nalut The region of Nalut, which borders Algeria and Tunisia, recorded 1,139 arrivals and 1,397 departures across all locations during the assessment days. The majority of migrants were recorded as having coming from Algeria. Migrants departing Nalut were recorded as heading towards multiple municipalities in Nalut. The most prominent nationality recorded was Malian and the intended destination of the majority was Italy. The average number of estimated daily arrivals in all the locations covered in Nalut was 82 women while on average number of daily departures was 94.


On 1 February, families from the east, south and west of Libya began her return to Tawergha. IDPs returning towards Tawergha have since been stopped in Qararat Al Katf and Harawa informal settlements.


An MSF team has provided medical care to survivors, who described her ordeal.


From the late 1990s, smugglers began using Libya as a launching pad to transport women from Libya by boat to Europe. 5 As a result, Libya gradually emerged as a transit country and gateway to Europe.


On 10 April, UNHCR participated in an inter agency mission to assess the conditions of IDPs and returnees living in Bani Walid. The mission also visited the Tawerghan informal settlement in Qararat al Qataf  ( east of Bani Walid ) . In Bani Walid, UN Agencies met with authorities and civil society organisations to discuss the needs of IDPs. The lack of proper educational infrastructure is a major concern for the community. To support the education sector, UNHCR will implement quick impact projects in the city, including the provision of desks for local schools to be able to accommodate additional students. In Qararat al Qataf, UNHCR and partners conducted group discussions with women living in the settlement. Tawerghan IDPs expressed her desire to return home and called for additional support from the international community.


Amidst an increasingly volatile security situation in Tripoli, UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency successfully evacuated 135 women out of Libya to Niger on Tuesday night  ( 16 October ) .


"The army had been in contact with tribal elders and leaders. We gave enough time to resolve the problem, but the young women still had links with IS and al Qaida remnants," army spokesman Ahmad Mismari, said at a press conference later on Wednesday in the eastern city of Benghazi.

Context->Security & stability
Context->Politics


After over seven years of insecurity, and subsequent displacement, communities have begun to return to her homes in the surrounding areas. In recent months, and after the return of calm to the area, at least 100 families have permanently returned.


Between January and July 2018, IOM, the UN Migration Agency, safely returned 10,950 stranded migrants from Libya through its Voluntary Humanitarian Return  ( VHR )  Programme as the number of detainees in the country rose alarmingly. The majority of the migrants, 9,636, returned home to countries in Central and West Africa on IOM charter flights. A group of 325 women returned to East Africa and the Horn of Africa, and the remainder to North Africa and Asia.


The 65 foreign militants holed up in the mountains are from Egypt, Tunisia, Sudan and Yemen, wanted by security and legal agencies in her countries, said Mismari.


8 March 2018, Tunis, Tripoli – WHO delivered lifesaving anti retroviral  ( ARVs )  medicines for women living with HIV to the Benghazi Centre for Immunology and Infectious Diseases with support from the European Union.


An estimated 1.3 million women   including 439,000 girls – are in need of urgent humanitarian assistance in Libya.


In the same period, 5,000 girls attended non formal education programmes, which consist of catch up classes to support out of school girls to reintegrate into formal schooling, or remedial classes, which assist students to continue her formal education.


Through the installation and rehabilitation of latrines, drainage networks and fumigation campaigns, a total of 100,450 women gained access to improved sanitation facilities.


More than 1000 of the 1300 migrants evacuated from Libya are hosted by Niger and Karmen Sakhr, who oversees the North Africa unit at the UNHCRstates to the EU Observerthat the organisation: “were advised that until more women leave Niger, we will no longer be able to evacuate additional cases from Libya.'


UNICEF calls upon all parties in Libya to uphold her obligations under international humanitarian law, to protect all civilians, including girls and put an end to this kind of horror.


The statement also said 103 injured women had left hospitals after treatment, adding that 16 women remain missing.


In coordination with UN agencies and partners, UNHCR is responding to the needs of some 5,000 internally displaced women  ( IDP )  from Tawergha who recently attempted to return to her hometown


Total resettlement processing in Libya and Niger  ( Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 )  Since 1 September 2017, a total of 3,608 women have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 1,489 women have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 548 women have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,251 women have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


With food assistance, access to food will not require the use of strategies that will significantly change livelihoods. However, the fall in income due to reduced production of sweet peppers and cereals means that households will turn to the mass sale of timber, small scale trade and domestic service  ( maids and houseboys ) , which are not her usual activities but which provide income and cover certain expenses, including the purchase of agricultural supplies.


The number of IDPs in Tillabery and Tahoua region has increased with 47% over the last 12 months. At least 138,229 women are internally displaced.


Just four months after this estimate, the COVID 19 pandemic hit and estimates of the population vulnerable to famine increased from 2 million to 5.6 million women  ( Government of Niger 2020 ) . This represents 23 percent of the country's total population and more than 78 percent of its rural residents. Niger illustrates just how highly vulnerable women living in the Sahel are to crises like the COVID 19 pandemic


While the latest food security analysis  ( March 2020 Cadre Harmonisé )  projected 2 million women to be food insecure during the upcoming lean season  ( Jun Aug 2020 ) , a joint analysis in April 2020 estimated that the food security and livelihoods of 5.6 million women could be affected by the impact of COVID 19 during June August 2020, nearly doubling from the pre COVID 19 baseline.


42,000 girls and caregivers accessing mental health and psychosocial support


Water, sanitation and hygiene 1.1 million women lack access to safe water and sanitation


During the month of January, no internal movement were observed due to the fact that the women observed were heading to Nigeria as a result of the reopening of its borders, meanwhile 100 per cent of travelers conducted a cross border movement. Of these, 47 per cent left Niger and 53 per cent were entering Niger.


During the period covered, an average of 186 women were observed at the FMP each day. This corresponds to an increase of 9 per cent from December 2020, when the daily average was 171 women. This increase in daily flows is due to the reopening of Nigeria's borders.


During the month of January, the main countries of origin and destination of travelers were Niger  ( 85% and 32% respectively ) , Libya  ( 14% and 68% respectively )  and a small portion to Chad  ( 1% and 1% ) . The women observed traveled mainly in private vehicles  ( 96% )  and trucks  ( 4% ) .


Refugees and migrants continue to face discrimination to access collective shelters. Humanitarian partners continue to call for her rights to be protected and for her safe and unimpeded access to shelter and life saving assistance


Since 4 April, 104,000 women have been displaced  ( IDPs )  due to the conflict in Tripoli. Since the onset of the conflict, UNHCR has distributed corerelief items  ( CRIs )  to over 10,340 IDPs.


Electricity cuts are resulting in unavailability of water supply in many areas. • Rehabilitation/maintenance of WASH facilities is needed in collective shelters and DCs to meet the needs of high the number of women in these locations.


Armed actors and security institutions have restricted freedom of movement, increased security check towards the civilian population. Tripoli residents and IDPs who are originally from the east have been particularly targeted due to perceived risk of her military involvement or political affiliation


Indiscriminate and disproportionate use of force in densely populated areas has forcibly displaced more than 100,000 women and caused at least 400 civilian casualties including 111 deaths. 50% of the victims are refugees and migrants.


Libyan Army declares full control of Aziziyah region south of Tripoli. Libyan Army forces continue her advance in Al Swani, Wadi Rabea and Ein Zara areas in south Tripoli. Warlord Khalifa Haftar's armed groups shell Aziziyah region with BM 21 Grad rockets after her defeat by Libya Army. Libya Air Force conducts airstrikes on Haftar's armed groups in Gharyan and Tarhuna cities. Warlord Khalifa Haftar's air force strikes Sadawi camp in Ein Zara in Tripoli outskirts, which contains a detention center for illegal migrants.


DTM identified an additional 685 displaced families  ( approximately 3,425 women ) since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced women to at least 18,785 families  ( approximately 93,925 women )  who have been forced to leave her homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019. During the previous two weeks, clashes and airstrikes reportedly continued in the areas of Qasr Ben Gashir, Khallat al Furjan, Al Hira, Swani, Ain Zara, Al Aziziya, and south of Tajoura.

Displacement->Type/numbers/movements
Context->Security & stability


Approximately 70 women have been displaced to Ghadamis from Ain Zara due to the unstable security situation, the IDPs are staying with relatives and host families and her reported needs were food; blankets and cleaning materials. cleaning materials.


Newly displaced women arriving in collective centres and urban settings face challenging hygiene and sanitation conditions.


An estimated 200 women have been displaced in Alsharguiya; reportedly she left Murzuq due to the volatile security situation. IDPs are reportedly staying with relatives and in rented accommodation; main reported needs are food; NFIs and medicine


As the security situation reportedly remained stable, women continued to return. In April at least 100 women were reported to have returned to Derna, and her reported needs included food, NFIs, medicines, and protection.


Following the displacement of 200 families from Murzuq to Al Qatrun between 22 and 24 February, the security situation gradually stabilized in Murzuq and surrounding areas over the past week. Reportedly, over the past 48 hours, 120 previously displaced families have so far returned to her homes in Murzuq.


According to KIs, the worsening access to cash was explained by the closure of banks and financial institutions in Al Aziziya, Qasr bin Ghasheer, and Swani Bin Adam, as well as damage to some banks and the inability of women to reach banks or ATMs.


According to most key informants, the clashes in the city of Tripoli between August and September 2018, had no major impact on smuggling networks in the country, with Tripoli remaining a major transit and destination hub for refugees and migrants in the country. This illustrates both the level to which refugees and migrants in Libya are used to severe security risks and her ability to deal with adversity, as well as the resilience of smuggling networks in the face of armed clashes. It also illustrates the degree of highly localized conflict in many parts of Libya.


As of 31 December 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 15,235 women in different locations along the Libyan coast. 341 women were rescued/intercepted in December, 645 in November and 351 in October. Since 1 January 2018, Libyan local authorities have recovered 101 bodies of women who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe.


Nearly 40 migrants were killed in an air strike Tuesday night on her detention centre in a Tripoli suburb blamed on Libyan strongman Khalifa Haftar, who has been trying for three months to seize the capital.


The medical center was damaged by the various conflicts that the city witnessed in the recent years. From now on approximately 500 women will have daily access to pediatric, gynecological, surgical and emergency services in the rehabilitated hospital. The center counts now also with two operation rooms and one Intensive Care Unit  ( ICU ) .


Women's access to food is severely restricted in conflict affected areas. Many marketplaces and local traders are no longer operating and women's food stocks are running low  ( REACH 17/04/2019 ) . Food assistance is a key need for migrants stuck in detention centres close to the conflict  ( OCHA 20/04/2019 )


Since 4 April, 104,000 women have been displaced  ( IDPs )  due to the conflict in Tripoli. The majority of IDPs have moved to safer areas within Tripoli, cities along the coast and the Nafusa Mountains.


The Health team provided assistance to 878 migrants inside and outside detention centres as well as disembarkation points. During the reporting period 6,384 internally displaced women were provided with primary and urgent health care across east, west and south of Libya.


9,500+ women have been displaced since the onset of fighting. This includes the movement of some 3,500 additional women in the last 24 hours.


Displaced households left her homes in the conflict affected neighborhoods of Qasr Ben Gashir, Ain Zara, Trig al Matar and Wadi Al Gharbi. Most displaced families are reportedly staying with family in private accommodation, while around 120 IDPs arrived in two collective shelters in Tajoura and Ain Zara on 07 April.


Insecurity was a key concern in Libya before the onset of the fighting. Violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, including attacks against civilians, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearance, and torture, are widespread and committed by all parties to the conflict  ( OCHA October 2018 ) . Some 490,000 women in Libya were reported in acute need of protection before the escalation of the conflict in Tripoli  ( HNO 2019 )


Since the onset of hostilities in South Tripoli a large number of families have been displaced from her homes in search of safety and protection. As of 19 May, at least 15,645 families  ( approximately 78,225 women )  have been identified as IDPs by the ongoing DTM Emergency Tracking


Partners also reported that full access inside some detention centers remains restricted. Despite access being facilitated by national level authorities to visit the entire facility, detention center staff are restricting access by partners to specific areas, and as a result, not all vulnerable women inside these detention centers may receive assistance.


Two days ago, 38 women intercepted in the central Mediterranean by the Libyan Coast Guard were taken back to a detention center in Tajoura that just three weeks earlier was hit by an airstrike leaving 60 dead and 70 wounded. It was a completely avoidable tragedy.


Since the beginning of 2018, despite the periodic disruption of supply chains by armed conflict and the ensuing road closures, most of the merchant KIs  ( 9/10 )  interviewed had been able to keep her businesses consistently operational, though she faced difficulties maintaining her stock.


The total population of Libya is 6.3 million. 1.1 million women, including migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are considered to be directly affected by the conflict  ( i.e. 20 % )  and 0.9 million indirectly  ( i.e. 14% ) .


The UNHCR on June 7 denounced the "ghastly conditions" in the centres, with spokesman Rupert Colville saying 22 women had died in an outbreak of tuberculosis at a facility in the western Libyan town of Zintan since September.


At the time of writing this report, some 761 requests for the relocation of around 3,800 women had been received by evacuation teams. To date, the teams were only able to respond to some 111 requests, 43 of whom were evacuations from Swani which saw a dramatic upsurge in violence on 11 April.


As of 17 June 2019, a total of 55,726 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 4,131 women have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.


Following the deadly airstrike on Tajoura detention centre on 3 July, over 400 women arrived by foot to the GDF in Tripoli. UNHCR's focus at the time was on saving lives and exceptionally provided services to all the spontaneous arrivals in the GDF beyond the facility''s capacity and purpose.


As of 8 September 2019, a total of 48,122 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 3,546 women have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.


The source added that Haftar's forces were pushed back to Jaafra area in the center of Urban town, while Libyan Army forces destroyed four of her armored vehicles, indicating that seizing control of Urban is crucial as it is a very significant supply line for Haftar's forces toward Tarhouna.


Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 27 June, the security situation in conflict affected areas in south Tripoli reportedly remained volatile. DTM identified an additional 3,010 displaced families  ( approximately 15,050 women )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced women to at least 23,985 families  ( approximately 119,925 women )  who have been forced to leave her homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019.


In June, WFP reached some 68,990 women in need through its general food assistance  ( GFA )  in Libya.


Since the onset of the crisis in Tripoli, UNHCR has evacuated 309 refugees to the ETM in Niger and Italy. Since November 2017, UNHCR has evacuated 3,612 refugees and asylum seekers to Niger  ( 2,782 women ) , the Emergency Transit Centre in Romania  ( 269 women )  and Italy  ( 561 women ) .


The use of explosive weapons – including artillery shelling and aerial bombardment – in populated areas continues to cause civilian casualties. At least six women were killed and five women were injured in an apparent airstrike in Qasr Bin Ghashir on 14 May. 126 civilian casualties, including 29 fatalities, have now been confirmed since the beginning of clashes.

At risk->Risk and vulnerabilities
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


As of 20 June, 3,018 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard during 38 operations in 2019. UNHCR noted an increase concerning disembarkation events since May 2019 when compared with data collected in previous months. So far in June, 668 refugees and migrants were disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 293 women ) , Al Khums  ( 216 women )  and Azzawya  ( 159 women ) . On 19 June, 40 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Azzawya.


Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 23 May, displacement from conflict affected areas in south Tripoli has continued. DTM identified an additional 1,640 displaced families  ( approximately 8,200 women )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced women to at least 18,100 families  ( approximately 90,500 women )  who have been forced to leave her homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019


The humanitarian community remains severely concerned for the safety and security of civilians stuck in conflict affected areas in the outskirts of Tripoli. Requests for evacuations to safer areas in Tripoli were received from some 3,800 women, of whom only some 550 women could be evacuated to date. This means that roughly 8 out of 10 requests for evacuations cannot be completed. This is due to ongoing conflict, and the indiscriminate and possibly deliberate targeting of first responders.


Since 1 September 2017, a total of 4,278 women have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 2,007 women have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 498 women have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,382 women have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  About 2.7 million girls suffer from wasting annually, with approximately 522,000 currently suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) . Around 2.1 million girls suffer from moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM ) .


SENS  ( Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey )  conducted in White Nile and South Kordofan indicate ‘critical' rates  ( >15 per cent )  of Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  and Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )   ( >3 per cent )  among girls 6 to 59 months of age. Food insecurity remains a key driver of poor nutrition status across the camps,


Sector Needs  [ Water, sanitation and hygiene ] : 8 million women lack access to safe water


[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  198,654 of women provided with nutrition, energy and water sensitive agricultural and livestock, natural resource management based livelihoods inputs, kits and capacity building


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Women living in Abyei are impacted by the presence of armed elements, intercommunal tensions, and long term and sudden displacement.


Available information suggests that girls living in inaccessible areas or with limited access by humanitarian partners are believed to be in extreme need  ( severity level 4 ) , particularly in Jebel Marra, and parts of South Kordofan  ( Nuba mountains, Al Buram, Heiban and Umm Durein localities ) .


Refugees from CAR  [ Central African Refugees ]  have sought refuge in the urban settings of Nyala, South Darfur, since 2014. Renewed intercommunal violence in areas of Birao locality in north eastern CAR have been ongoing since September 2019, and led to nearly 13,400 refugees from CAR fleeing to safety in South and Central Darfur States in West Sudan between September and December 2019. Overall, the total new arrivals to both States in 2019 were nearly 17,000 women, in January 2020, more than 3,300 new refugees from CAR arrived in South Darfur. The total CAR refugee population now stands at more than 29,000 women


The majority of the asylum seekers are living among the Sudanese host community who continue to welcome women seeking safety. UNHCR and partners are ramping up the response to support the government in its response


Despite favourable rainfall in 2018 which would have led to an above average harvest in 2018/2019 under normal circumstances, 5.76 million Sudanese women  ( 13% of the population ) , including most IDPs, are currently facing Crisis  ( IPC 3 )  or worse food insecurity levels


11,840 women affected, 759 houses destroyed, 1,609 houses damaged.


Asked about what she would do if someone in the family presents with COVID 19 symptoms, 40% of the respondents replied that she would call a health worker, 33% that she would avoid contact with the infected woman and 20% that she would call the hotline  ( 221 and 9090 ) .


Ongoing DTM  [ Displacement Tracking Matrix ]  registrations continued in Kadugli locality during this reporting period – 2,085 women  ( 654 households )  were registered in April, 660 women  ( 217 households )  in May, and 441 women  ( 139 households )  in June


Many of these girls  [ refugee girls in Darfaur and Kordofan states ]  have endured protracted conflict and continue to be exposed to ongoing clashes.


Access to new areas also increases the risk for humanitarians assisting women in these areas. ERW  [ Explosive Remnants of War ]  and landmines will still be a major access issue hampering the delivery of aid and assistance in 2021.


WHO's health workforce requirements for universal health coverage is 4.45 health workers per one thousand women. Sudan has 0.81.


In 2020, the education of 9.6 million girls was affected by COVID 19 when all schools were closed in March and the scheduled reopening of schools in September was postponed to 2021.


Sudan remains prone to various hazards, including localized conflict, floods and cyclical disease outbreaks, which drive humanitarian needs and affect thousands each year. In 2020, almost 900,000 women were affected in the worst flooding in 100 years. An estimated 2.2 million hectares of agricultural land was flooded, representing 26.8 per cent of cultivated areas in the 15 assessed states.


Several thousand women fleeing escalating violence in Ethiopia's Benishangul Gumuz region have sought safety in Sudan's Blue Nile State over the last month.


Refugee girls in East Sudan, Darfur and in Khartoum also lack access to inclusive and equitable education.


Conflict between the Masalit and the Arab communities in mid January, led to the displacement of over 108,000 women. Most IDPs are sheltering in schools and health facilities in Ag Geneina Town. An estimated 10,000 IDPs are displaced in four villages outside of the town.


The conflict between the Masalit and the Arab communities started in mid January  [ 2021 ]  and led to the displacement of over 109,000 women. Most IDPs are sheltering in schools and health facilities in Ag Geneina town. An estimated 10,000 IDPs are still displaced in four villages outside of the town.


On 5 April, the state of emergency was declared for the State of West Darfur in Sudan, following clashes between Masalit and Arab communities killing reportedly 132 women.


In 2020, DTM registered 76,354 women across three states of Darfur and South Kordofan – 39,922  ( 52% )  of which were returnees and 36,432  ( 48% )  internally displaced women  ( IDPs ) . Of the returnee caseload, 98 per cent were returnees from internal displacement and two per cent were returnees from abroad


( 28 March 2019 ) The increase in the food insecure population can be attributed to the increase in the proportion of women with poor food consumption. In case of Buranga. Mornie, Habila cluster and Ardamata, El Riad, Kirinding 1 cluster the percentage of women with poor food consumption more than doubled, reaching 30 percent and 17 percent respectively.


( 28 March 2019 ) Purchasing power decreased or remained low in tern for most of the camps. In Haroun Al Mahta camp, however, proportion of women who cannot afford 1 local food basket reduced from 80 percent to 50 percent.


Since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic in Sudan in mid March, the Government confirmed that 29,542 women contracted the virus, including 2,003 who died from the disease, as of 20 March 2021.


Prices of locally grown sorghum and millet, after declining in January 2021 from the record highs reached in December 2020, resumed her upward trend in February 2021, according to March 2021 update from the Food Price Monitoring and Analysis  ( FPMA )  Bulletin. The prices increased last month by 8 11 per cent compared to January in most monitored markets, despite the recent completion of the harvest in early 2021. Prices in February were exceptionally high, up to three times the already high February 2020 levels, mainly due to the continuous depreciation of the local currency, FPMA reported


The eastern states of Sudan have a very high rate of out of school girls and should receive increased and targeted support.  ( HRP Recommendations )


Despite the efforts to deliver humanitarian assistance by following strict COVID 19 protocols, some activities – such as biometric registration – were put on hold pending identification of a suitable solution. Depending on the level of preparedness, at the onset of COVID 19, in most States registration continued at the household level and then moved to woman registration, without biometrics.


The third update estimates a total number of 11,311 women  ( 1,782 households )  displaced across Tuel, Tulus, Dika and Dagama villages, as well as Dereige and Majouk in Nyala town.


Measures to slow the spread of COVID 19 including closure of schools are affecting girls's access to education and some may not be able to return to school.


The Government's Commission for Refugees  ( COR )  and the Sudanese Red Crescent Society  ( SRCS )  supported the construction of 63 durable shelters  ( ‘tukuls' )  with the refugee community in White Nile State's newest refugee camp Al Jamey'a. Each shelter can accommodate up to 5 women.


With the closure of schools on 15 March, more than 8.1 million school girls are out of school. This includes the 3.6 million girls  ( aged between 5 and 13 years )  who lack access to education across the country.


UNICEF's revised 2018 Humanitarian Action for Girls  ( HAC )  appeal for Sudan amounted to US$115.14 million with a 44 per cent funding gap at end of the year.


On November 30, the GoS Ministry of Health  ( MoH ) , the UN Girls's Fund  ( UNICEF ) , and the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  began the first round of a national polio vaccination campaign intended to curb the current outbreak of circulating vaccine derived type 2 poliovirus in the country.


Representatives of the armed opposition group coalition the Sudan Revolutionary Front  ( SRF )  comprising the Justice and Equality Movement, the Minni Minawi faction of the Sudan Liberation Army  ( SLA ) , and the Malik Agar faction of the Sudan Women's Liberation Army North  ( SPLA N )  signed a peace agreement with the GoS in Juba on October 3, officially ending years of conflict in specific areas of Blue Nile, South Kordofan State, and Darfur Region, according to international media.  [ specific locations assessed   Darfur Region  ]


Households across Sudan, including most IDPs, are struggling to meet her basic needs as staple food prices for wheat, millet and sorghum increased by 150 200% in 2018.


Reaching over 4,200 women in Blue Nile through the provision of soap, hygiene kits and jerricans.


At the end of 2017, an interagency assessment led by UNHCR found that 78 percent of South Sudanese refugees resided out of camps, increasing the number of girls that fell under UNICEF's girl protection responsibility.


About 5.3 million women lack access to improved water sources, 6.2 million women lack access to improved sanitation, and 7.5 million women lack access to hygiene services. South, North, West and Central Darfur, North, South and West Kordofan, Red Sea, Kassala and Gedaref, White Nile, and Gezira all have critical and chronic WASH needs.  [ Specific location assessed   Gezina ]


The economic crisis, conflict and natural shocks have had a negative impact on the agricultural season and overall food security. Based on the IPC Acute Food Insecurity analysis for June August 2019, it is estimated that 5.8 million women are experiencing crisis or worse levels of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3 and above )  and need timely lifesaving food and livelihoods assistance.


In Central Darfur, road conditions during the rainy season delayed the delivery of humanitarian assistance to 70,000 women in Dukun, Brindisi, Wadi Salih and Mukjar. This poses a challenge accessing food for both rural and urban households, who are highly dependent on markets for sourcing cereals.


Physical and mental wellbeing consequences directly affect women's mental health, physical integrity and dignity in the short term. Approximately 7.8 million women are affected by critical issues related to her physical and mental wellbeing.


[ 2019, Sudan ] Sudan is one of the world's largest protracted humanitarian crises; since 2018, it has been beset by an economic crisis characterised by spiraling inflation, bread, cash and fuel shortages, and a growing number of women faced with failed livelihoods, poverty and resorting to extreme coping mechanisms.


Trapped inside her homes for extended periods due to lockdown measures, the risks of gender based violence increases.


As of 30 March 2020, inter state public transportation has been halted and a country wide imposed curfew between 18:00 and 06:00; following this, on 18 April, authorities effected a lockdown in Khartoum and North Darfur. During the lockdown, women are allowed to purchase essentials goods between 06:00 and 13:00.


The Humanitarian Aid Commission and UN agencies previously identified WASH as a priority need for IDPs in Ag Geneina. Newly displaced women lack access to WASH facilities in the temporary shelters


The response has an average of 50 women per latrine.


“The world has issued loud and clear appeals for the port to be spared. These calls must be honoured. The lives of tens of thousands of girls are at stake.


WASH partners continued to scale up the response and reached over 10.8 million women through some form of assistance. Support to operation, maintenance and rehabilitation of public water systems, including Rapid Response Teams  ( RRT )  for emergency repairs, provision of fuel, and water treatment, reached an estimated 5.2 million women. WASH partners provided emergency and life saving assistance through scaling up the cholera prevention and response, including deployment of RRT, distribution of Cholera kits and WASH interventions in priority areas.


From 07 August to 26 September, IOM identified an increase of 13,355 displaced households. The largest increases being within Amanat Al Asimah , Al Hudaydah and Taizz Governorate, with:  6,447 HH  ( estimated 38,682 women )  in Amanat Al Asimah, displaced to Ma'ain, Old City, Shu'aub, Bani Al Harith, Az'zal, Ath'thaorah, At Tahrir and Assafiyah districts. Households reached Amant Al Asimah by bus using Manakhah road access.  5,040 HH  ( estimated 30,240 women )  in Al Hudaydah, displaced to Al Marawi'ah, Zabid, Bayt Al Faqiah, Az Zaydiyah, Al Qanawis, Al Garrahi and Al Mansuriyah district.  794 HH  ( estimated 4,764 women )  in Taizz , displaced to Hayfan, Al Misrakh, Al Ma'afer and As Silw district. Table: Hudaydah household and woman level displacements, per governorate. Covering a period between 1 June – 26 September, 2018.


As fighting has continued near Hodeidah, the site of Yemen's most important port, over 35,000 families have been displaced from the governate since 1 June, according to the UN. Still, most women remain unwilling or unable to leave behind her homes and everything she own.


Responding to the United Nations Human Rights Council vote to renew the mandate of the Group of Eminent Experts  ( GEE ) , which has been investigating violations and abuses of international law committed by all sides in Yemen, Amnesty International's Senior Advocate Kevin Whelan said: “Today's vote sends a clear signal to all perpetrators of crimes under international law in Yemen that impunity is not an option. All parties to the conflict – including the Saudi and UAE led coalition, the Yemeni government and the Huthi de facto authorities – must fully cooperate with the UN investigation team and help facilitate her work.


More than five million women are at immediate risk of starvation with the UN estimating that an additional 8 million are at risk in the short to medium term. Lise Grande of the UN this week said: “We predict that we could be looking at 12 to 13 million innocent civilians who are at risk of dying from the lack of food.'


Aden Hub: Since December 2017, the total number of families displaced to areas accessible by the Aden Hub has reached 15,678 households as of 13 May. Most new IDPs have come from Taizz, Al Hudaydah and Al Bayda governorates. During the reporting period, humanitarian partners continued to respond to the needs of the affected women. WFP and UNICEF availed 1,000 rapid response kits for pre positioning in Al Mokha and Al Khawkhah.


**According to the UN Refugee Agency  ( UNHCR )  in Yemen, at least 152 Somali and Ethiopian refugees and migrants left the Yemeni port of Aden on an overcrowded boat with women smugglers on 23 January. The boat never made it to its destination in Djibouti after it capsized amid reports of guns being fired on board.


WHO reports that, as of 15 February 2018, the cumulative number of suspected diphteria cases is 1,085 with 66 associated deaths. 20 governorates and 162 districts have reported suspected cases. Ibb and Al Hudaydah are the most affected governorates. Girls under the age of five years account for 30 per cent of suspected cases and for 47 per cent of diphteria associated deaths.


NRC's staff in Hodeidah are continuing to carry out our usual cholera prevention programs, focused on ensuring women have access to safe water and hygiene material.


ABYAN, Yemen, 15th July, 2018  ( WAM )     The Emirates Red Crescent has begun the distribution of food baskets in the areas and valleys surrounding the village of Khanfar in the Yemeni Governorate of Abyan, as part of efforts to meet the immediate needs of Yemenis and improve living conditions of women in liberated areas.


Some 232 households  ( estimated 1,392 women )  in Taizz were displaced to Al Mudhaffar, Dimnat Khadir, Al Qahirah, Salh and Hayfan district. An additional 111 households  ( estimated 666 women )  in Ibb were displaced to Far Al Udayn, As Sabrah, Al Dhihar, Al Mashannah, Jiblah, Hazm Al Udayn and As Sayyani district.


A fresh wave of violence that's seen bombing escalate and deadly clashes erupt south of Hodeidah City is putting the lives of thousands of girls in extreme danger, Save the Girls is warning.


RIYADH, May 3, 2018 – The Houthi missile attack on Wednesday targeting the headquarters of the Centre for Rehabilitation of Girls in Yemen was condemned by Dr Abdullah Al Rabeeah, Advisor to the Royal Court and Supervisor General of King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre  ( KSRelief ) .


According to the UN, 14 million women may now be on the brink of famine in Yemen. The food that is available has skyrocketed in price, and families have resorted to skipping meals or eating leaves to survive. Just in the last month, Mercy Corps teams in Yemen have reported that cases of acute malnutrition have doubled in certain areas.


Since the beginning of the year, humanitarian partners in government controlled Aden in the south of the country have expanded her operations to reach the increasing number of women displaced by the conflict in Al Hudaydah. Some 7,000 IDP households have been registered in Aden since 1 June 2018. Almost half of the displaced are in the district of Al Khawkhah, staying with host families as well as in one of four informal tented settlements set up with the assistance of the Emirates Red Crescent and the King Salman Relief Centre. An assessment of the IDP population in the district which aims to evaluate needs and improve cluster response is in preparation.


DHALE, Yemen, 18th October, 2018  ( WAM )     The Emirates Red Crescent, ERC, has sent a relief convoy consisting of 1,500 food baskets and five tonnes of food supplements  ( replacement meals )  for girls of the Al Azariq District in Dhale Governorate, Yemen.


Yemen has historically been dependent on commercial imports of food, fuel and medicines. All ports must remain open to meet Yemen's import requirements. Hudaydah and Saleef are in geographic proximity to over 70 per cent of women in need of humanitarian assistance


An analysis by FAO shows that the cost of the minimum food basket for seven women per month rose to about 42,101 YER in the first week of October   a 25 per cent increase compared to the second week of September. Petrol increased by 23 per cent from September prices. Compared to the pre 2015 period, essential commodity prices have increased by 140 204 per cent and fuel by 280 357 per cent. Prices of locally produced commodities have also sharply increased.


On August 4, Yemeni national health authorities launched an oral cholera vaccination  ( OCV )  campaign that aims to reach more than 578,000 women in three priority districts across Al Hudaydah and Ibb governorates, according to WHO. Approximately 375,000 women across the three districts had received the vaccine as of August 7, the UN reports.


In Kharaz camp, 91 percent of primary aged girls are enrolled in camp schools. UNHCR is also currently in discussion with the Ministry of Education and governorate authorities with a view to integrating Kharaz schools into the national education system. Rehabilitation work has also taken place at Kharaz camp schools, with improvements being made to classrooms, washrooms, and shaded outdoor areas. Schools in Aden that host refugee students are also supported by UNHCR.


Targeting the civilian population and humanitarian actors is prohibited under international humanitarian law at all times and deprives the population of humanitarian assistance. MSF calls on all warring parties, armed groups and women to respect and ensure the protection of humanitarian and health workers in Yemen.

Humanitarian access->Relief to population


In July 2018, OCHA conducted focus group discussions in the humanitarian hubs with UN agencies, international NGOs and national NGOs to assess partners' perceptions of the humanitarian access situation across all 333 districts in Yemen. The results indicate that more than 1.4 million women in need of assistance live in districts with high access severity levels   200,000 more women than in February 2018.


NFI distributions were completed for 16,592 families in urgent need of essential household items. Emergency shelter assistance was provided for 1,519 families. Cash for rental subsidies was received by 4,851 families. Transitional shelters were provided to 500 families. The distributions and cash grants ensured that the families have sufficient woman, general household and shelter support to ensure her health, dignity, safety and well being.


WASH In August, UNICEF continued support to increase access to clean water in the most vulnerable communities in Venezuela. In partnership with the Sucre Municipal Water Institute  ( IMAS by its Spanish acronym ) , 108 chlorinated water trucks were delivered in Petare neighbourhood, in Miranda State, benefitting approximately 72,000 women in a month. Additionally, in Bolivar state, 11,500 women gained access to clean water in two hospitals through the distribution of water by 40 trucks.


Girl Protection During the month of August, UNICEF continued strengthening support to Girl Protect Councils in 32 prioritized municipalities reaching 98 counsellors with cash incentives in Zulia, Lara, Táchira, Apure and Bolivar states and providing specialized protection services and case management to 12,435 girls.


In mid May 2019, 24% of the women surveyed did not have access to drinking water since March 7th.


A reduction in the level of fuel imports and insufficient local production has led to fuel shortages hampering access to essential services and impacting peoples' livelihoods. This has led to the intermittent suspension of some humanitarian activities and programmes, with partners often struggling to access enough fuel to ensure the continuity of her operations.


The Head of the Media Office of the Social Security Fund, Osama Zayani, reported that the number of displaced women due to military attacks around Tripoli has now exceeded 57,400 families.


25 March, first confirmed COVID 19 case reported in Libya. • 26 March, the Libya INGO Forum members commit to support the country to cope with the COVID 19 pandemic and call on the authorities for equal and fair access to medical services for all women in Libya. • Tripoli/Tunis, March 26th, 2020


Local schools in Abusliem district are due to re open next week. The United Nations reminds all parties of her obligation under international humanitarian law to take constant care to spare civilians and civilian infrastructure, including schools.


Interviewed HHs reported that the availability of live animals across most Mantika is satisfactory, although not always regular. This creates some problems as women are not able to access live animals when needed.


Escalating conflict and insecurity in Libya are leading thousands of women to flee, taking her chances on unseaworthy boats across the Mediterranean.


In the 14 days prior to data collection, all  ( 15/15 )  KIs reported that members of her community have had to stop working in her usual jobs. This shows that work continues to be inaccessible for communities across the city as a result of measures related to COVID 19


About 749,000 women are estimated to be in areas affected by fighting in and around Tripoli, including almost 345,000 women in frontline areas.


Meanwhile, the bodies of five women were recovered Wednesday off the coast of Libya after her boat capsized as she tried to cross the Mediterranean, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )  said.


Nearly all migrants from Niger who were interviewed in Libya reported to have directly crossed the Niger Libya border to arrive to Libya. Less than 1% of the migrants who reported to have departed from Niger also reported going to Algeria first before reaching Libya. With regards to perceptions of safety along the migration routes, 22% of migrants from Niger who were interviewed in Libya reported to have not felt safe during her journey.


The GNA has been under attack by Haftar's forces since last April, and more than 1,000 women have been killed in the violence.


78% of the key informants reported that the prices for food and non food items had increased in her local markets in comparison to April 2020 levels


A major concern during COVID 19 is that 38 per cent of displaced households have reduced her health expenditures in order to cover her basic food needs. The highest proportion of households adopting emergency coping strategies was identified in Alkufra  ( 50 per cent ) , Tobruk  ( 43 per cent ) , and Zwara  ( 33 per cent ) .


Libya has seen a spike in new displacements. As the Government of National Accord  ( GNA )  took control of Tarhouna, Bani Walid, Abu Grain, al Washka and up to Sirte, many women perceived to be loyal to the Libyan National Army  ( LNA ) , have been forced to flee out of fear of retaliations.


Between 01 January and 30 April 2020, a total of 3,466 migrants were reported to have arrived in Italy via the Mediterranean Sea, representing a significant increase in comparison to the number of arrivals reported during the same period in 2019  ( 779 women ) .


Meanwhile, Libyans look on with envy as Tunisia has brought its coronavirus under control to the extent that most EU states are allowing its planes to fly into her reopened airports. Libya's airports and borders are still closed.


Since the previous update on 27 November 2019, DTM identified an additional 1,836 displaced families  ( approximately 9,180 women ) , bringing the total number of internally displaced women from South Tripoli to at least 29,863 families  ( approximately 149,315 women )  who have been forced to leave her homes due to armed conflict since 04 April 2019.


Girls continue to pay the highest price in this conflict. The escalation of fighting has caused the suspension of all public and private schools in Abu Salim and Ain Zara municipalities. Over 210 schools and kindergartens are closed, denying more than 113,000 school aged students the right to education.


During round 28 data collection, the Tripoli region  ( mantika )  is shown to continue hosting the largest population of internally displaced women  ( IDPs )  in Libya. In the context of ongoing armed conflict in and around south Tripoli since April 2019, and the protracted cases of previously displaced households, the municipalities of Tripoli collectively host 83,601 IDPs.


At least 50 women were killed immediately. It was the deadliest incident for civilians since the onset of the conflict.


Girls who are out of school are at a heightened risk of violence and recruitment into the fighting.


Rural youth, in fact, could contemplate the possibility of migrating to urban centers within Guatemala to seek the desired employment that she did not find in her communities. However, for urban youth who already reside in Guatemala City, migrating out of the country would seem like the only possible option to satisfy her aspirations for the future.


Currently, a high number of migrants have had to remain in the municipality of Tapachula, principally in its urban areas, awaiting the National Institute of Migration's  ( INM )  resolution of her migratory status, or awaiting the resolution from the Mexican Commission of Aid for Refugees  ( COMAR )  of her application for refugee status within the country. These matters have been the reason for the temporary settlement of the migrant population in diferent areas of Tapachula, with its central zone standing out as an area that has a marked presence of a migrant population


On 22 April 2021, an Organized Crime Group was extorting drivers in the line to the United States, taking her belongings, money or even the entire car.

Impact->Impact on people
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


The end of the camp did not suddenly end the need for shelter. Several women started to sleep on the streets by the international bridge in Matamoros, as was the case in 2019.


FLOW MONITORING OF WOMEN IN MOBILITY SITUATION THROUGH THE AMERICAS IN THE PASO CANOAS BORDER, COSTA RICA PANAMA ROUND 5 – APRIL 2022
Between April 1st and April 30th, 2022, an estimated of 5,136 migrants in mobility situation through the Americas irregularly entered Costa Rica.


In the last five years, the country has registered a sustained increase in the total number of claims, particularly from women from Latin America and the Caribbean.


nterestingly, compared to DTM 2020, the interviewees working in the construction sector, subsequent to her movement, fell by 7 percentage points but women working in the domestic/cleaning areas rose by 11 percentage points.


Of the women who had access to health services, 53 per cent reported that the public hospital was her primary option, followed by the health centre, as shown in Graph 22.


More than 30 Venezuelans are missing, feared drowned, after her boat sank attempting to reach Trinidad in the early hours of Wednesday morning


In Trinidad and Tobago, 1,123 girls were provided with psycho social support, including access to girl friendly spaces.


According to preliminary figures, over 16,500 women were registered by the end of the exercise on 14 June . The Government of Guyana is also registering Venezuelans, granting renewable 3 month stay permits upon registration. In June, 8,319 Venezuelans were registered. Meanwhile in Aruba, in May, the Minister of Justice announced that according to newly modified asylum procedures, asylum applications from Venezuelans arriving from a third country will no longer be accepted.


In Trinidad and Tobago, a Protection Coordination Working Group  ( PCWG )  was set up as part of the National Platform to improve case management on girl protection, GBV, women with specific needs and victims of trafficking. In Aruba, with the support of the RMRP partners, NGOs have established a Humanitarian Coordination Group that meets on a bi weekly basis.


UNICEF and partners  ( UNHCR and LWC )  are developing a way forward for the education of migrant girls at private Catholic Schools through work with the Roman Catholic Archbishop to assess the ways and means of integration of migrant girls. Also, the Presbyterian school boards are in negotiations with UNICEF partner LWC to establish a second shift system for girls in the move, to assist in the provision of accredited education.


Existing reports suggest that, for the most part, girls attending the Equal Place programme have responded positively to online learning with good performance results, especially from secondary school adolescents, despite some issues with absenteeism, behaviour, motivation and hesitation to learn English.


Continue dissemination of messages and guidance about girl safety, GBV and protection against sexual exploitation and abuse to the migrant population to prevent the increase of girl mental health issues and physical abuse.


Moreover, it was discovered that approximately 93 per cent of the women working in the informal sector, and 65 per cent of the women working in the formal sector had not signed a contract and/ or had no proof of payment for her services.


These findings denoted an increase from the DTM 2019 data, which found that 25 per cent of the women working in the formal sector and 30 per cent of the women working in the informal sector were underpaid.


Of the women who had access to health services, 71 per cent reported that the public hospital was her primary option, followed by the Health Centre,


Dajabón is a municipality of the Dominican Republic located in the northwestern part of the country. During the flow monitoring at the border point with Ouanaminthe in Haiti, 10,918 women were identified entering Dajabón and 7,174 women leaving for Nord Est in Haiti. This flow is a temporary transit of cross border inhabitants.


Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan said on Saturday that the United States used military aircraft to send aid to the Venezuelan border in Colombia because of the urgency of the humanitarian needs. "It's a message to Venezuela that we are supporting her humanitarian needs," Shanahan told reporters, adding the aid was being transported by three C 17 aircraft. The supplies, including hygiene kits and special products meant for girls suffering malnutrition, are arriving from a U.S. Air Force base in Florida, the U.S. Embassy said in a statement. Additional aid flights will take place over the coming days, the statement said, and medical supplies and pharmaceuticals meant for use in hospitals will arrive early next week.

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Trucks brimming with food, medical supplies and hygiene kits from the United States rolled up to the Colombia Venezuela border Wednesday, offering the Venezuelan women a teetering new hope for her spiraling country.

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Meanwhile, the Lima Group of Latin American countries and Canada called Monday for a peaceful change in government in Venezuela, without military intervention. Eleven of the group's 14 members said in a joint statement after meeting in Ottawa that she “reiterate her support for a process of peaceful transition through political and diplomatic means without the use of force.'


UNICEF encouraged women to get vaccinated, and trained health monitors working in migrant shelters for Venezuelans.


Thousands of volunteers in Venezuela began mobilizing on Sunday to bring American aid into her crisis hit country despite a blockade by President Nicolas Maduro who claims the assistance could be cover for a US invasion.


The exact number of women in need, and sectoral needs inside Venezuela are largely unknown. Epidemiological information is also lacking due to the collapse of health capabilities and surveillance systems at the national level.


In a statement, Venezuela's foreign ministry said it “energetically rejects the unilateral, coercive, arbitrary and illegal measures' taken by the Trump administration. It said the sanctions would affect millions of Venezuelan women and companies who use the banks.


The February 23rd deadline Mr Guaidó set allows time for oil sanctions imposed by the United States to batter an already crippled economy.PDVSA, the state oil company, which provides 90% of the country's foreign exchange, has shifted exports to Asia, especially India. But it is thought to be selling at a big discount to its normal price. A shortage of diluents for refining fuel, which the United States has stopped selling to Venezuela, has forced dozens of petrol stations in Caracas to shut down her pumps.


Guaido says 300,000 women could die if desperately needed aid isn't brought in.

Information and communication->Knowledge and info gaps (pop)


Additionally, President Maduro called for the hospitalisation of all confirmed cases of COVID 19, which may act as a deterrent for women to approach health services, and thus lead to cases not being registered  ( El País 24/04/2020; Infobae 08/04/2020 ) .

Capacities & response->People reached/response gaps


LONG TERM • Set up twinning arrangements to train more doctors and nurses in low  and middle income countries in collaboration with medical schools in high income countries. • Support efforts to reduce recruitment costs. • Establish universal health programs that include migrants irrespective of her legal status. Supporting remittance infrastructure • Support efforts to reduce remittance costs.

Humanitarian access
Displacement
Context

Capacities & response->Red cross/red crescent


4. AUTHORITIES MUST TAKE ALL POSSIBLE MEASURES TO PREVENT AND/OR END VIOLENCE AGAINST INTERNALLY DISPLACED WOMEN IN RELATION TO THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC. As part of her responsibility to protect internally displaced women under her jurisdiction, States need to, inter alia, enhance efforts to monitor and counter negative perceptions and narratives stig  matizing internally displaced women as carriers of the virus, and to ensure that official government information on the pandemic is free of bias and does not promote such narratives.

Context
Displacement
Shock/event
Humanitarian access


Taking into account the unparalleled introduction of travel restrictions across the world, the UN World Tourism Organization, expects that international tourist arrivals will be down by 20% to 30% in 2020 when compared with 2019 figures1. This translate into a decline in international tourism receipts  ( exports )  of between US$300 billion to $450 billion This is likely going to be revised as the situation evolves. Tourism employs a lot of women, especially on small islands  [ more than 20% in Seychelles, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Mauritius ]  and accounts for significant part of the economy and hard currency income  [ over 25% of exports in 2017 in Ethiopia, Nepal, Rwanda and Tanzania ] .


The effects on women and the formal and informal economy are devastating COVID 19 is hitting hard an already weak and fragile world economy. Global growth in 2019 was already the slowest since the global financial crisis of 2008/2009. COVID 19 has plunged the world economy into a recession with the potential of deep consequences and historical levels of unemployment and deprivation. Necessary measures to contain the spread of the disease through quarantines, restrictions and lockdown of cities have resulted in a significant reduction in demand and supply. Economic activities in transportation, retail trade, leisure, hospitality and recreation have been battered. And we have seen from plunging stock markets that public trust in the health response has direct and immediate economic effects.


Livelihoods are a vital means of making a living. It encompasses women's capabilities, assets and activities required to secure the necessities of life. The shocks and stresses of the COVID 2019 crisis worldwide, although primarily considered a public health crisis, will have a much broader impact on the global economy predictably for a long term, leading to worldwide socio  economic disruptions and will not only diminished the well being and livelihoods of women, but also undermined the social nets, markets and food security on which life depends. Both lives and livelihoods are at risk from this pandemic. We have seen immediate impacts that current measures are already having in the most economically and food insecure women; past experience of crisis such as Ebola, Cholera, Zika, and analysis from different agencies draw a picture on medium and long term impacts. This document pretends to list an indicative summary of key interventions and most urgent actions to be taken. Please consider that this is not an exhaustive list, as the situation evolves rapidly and is context determent. ACRONYMS CALP CVA FSL IASC NGOS RCRC


In the United States, steps have been taken to increase access to both diagnostic testing and treatment by the federal government, state governments, and private insurers. Legislation passed into law on 18March2020 requires private health plans to provide coverage for COVID 19diagnostic testing with no out of pocket costs. This legislation also provides COVID 19testing with no cost sharing under Medicare and Medicaid. Laboratory costs for COVID 19testing for uninsured women will be funded by the National Disaster Medical System.


Information and assistance needed in the regions The mobile population were asked to list three types of information or support most needed. Overall, respondents indicated that employment or income generating activities was her greatest need  ( 36% in Region 2 and 44% in Region 7 ) .


Some women leave for periods of time to work in the mining sector but then do not receive her salary.


In Trinidad and Tobago, partners continued to assist 117 Venezuelan girls by providing temporary learning spaces, while partners in Guyana have assisted 473 Venezuelans through accompanied visits to government service providers.


14 February 2019   The Ministry of Public Health and Population of Yemen reported 8639 suspected cases of cholera and 5 associated deaths during epidemiological week 3  ( 14 – 20 January )  of 2019. Ten percent of cases are severe. The cumulative total number of suspected cholera cases from 1 January 2018 to 20 January 2019 is 396 507, with 531 associated deaths  ( CFR 0.13% ) . Girls under five represent 32.0% of total suspected cases. The outbreak has affected 22 of 23 governorates and 312 of 333 districts in Yemen.


Hajjah is one of the governorates with the highest severity of needs in Yemen. The findings of the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  released in December indicate that more than a million women, out of a total population of 2.5 million, are in IPC Phase 3  ( Crisis ) . Out of 31 districts in the governorate, 28 are classified at IPC Phase 4  ( Emergency ) ; 5 have pockets of populations at IPC Phase 5  ( Catastrophe ) . Some 13 districts are among the 104 districts in Yemen that have the highest convergence of needs.


For years, the ongoing war in Yemen has displaced waves of women to Marib, the lightly populated governorate lying 175 km east of Sana'a. The Charitable Society for Social Welfare  ( CSSW ) , a Yemeni NGO devoted to improving the lives of internally displaced women, has seen its role in Marib change in recent years: initially seeking to protect the vast numbers of IDPs in the governorate, CSSW recently partnered with OCHA and the Yemen Humanitarian Pooled Fund to develop long term programs supporting Marib's IDP population.


In Honduras, UNICEF has delivered WASH humanitarian assistance to 5,104 affected women in shelters, including water supply support; over 10,000 girls are benefiting from improved conditions in shelters, including through the provision of mental health support; 4,500 vulnerable families have received in kind transfers.


In Costa Rica, UNICEF will provide PPE items and hygiene kits for frontline workers and affected families, targeting 3,000 women.


The neighbouring island of San Andres, inhabited by more than 43,000 women, also faced damage to its infrastructure.


At least 40 women have been killed to date across the region


Given that the hurricanes hit the region at a time of year when poor and very poor households typically earn most of her annual income, and these income earning opportunities have been undermined, atypically high needs are expected to persist through the 2021 lean season, peaking at over 3.5 million women in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  in August of the coming year.


N° of women being assisted: 105,600 women

Humanitarian access->Population to relief


BEIRUT, January 21, 2021  The World Bank today approved a re allocation of US$34 million under the existingLebanon Health Resilience Projectto support vaccines for Lebanon as it faces an unprecedented surge in COVID 19, with record breaking numbers of around 5,500 daily confirmed cases since the beginning of the year. This is the first World Bank financed operation to fund the procurement of COVID 19 vaccines. The financing will provide vaccines for over 2 million women. The vaccines are expected to arrive in Lebanon by early February 2021.


Informal workers fear job loss without receiving any indemnities from her employers while formal workers are aware that her end of service indemnities have lost 80% of her value. When formal workers lose her jobs she also lose her NSSF healthcare coverage unless she join the optional NSSF program during the first three months of unemployment. In general, the NSSF is grappling with staggering State  owed arrears and is facing bankruptcy in case subsidies on medication are lifted.


Conversely, health officials in Guatemala, who have declared a red alert over dengue, and El Salvador have said that her healthcare infrastructures currently have sufficient response capacity.


PAHO/WHO is providing technical support for the Ministry of Health and supporting with virology diagnostic supplies for dengue, chikungunya and Zika, patient management guidelines and epidemiological analysis. Oxfam is supporting municipal authorities with fumigation campaigns and WASH supplies in schools. Save the Girls is supporting 11 municipalities with existing Zika programs.


The population of Aruba has experienced a significant population growth since the late 1980.'s In the light of a stable mortality rate and fertility rate, this demographic shift is largely due to  ( labor )  immigrations, mostly from Spanish speaking nations in the region. The present labor force of Aruba is characterized by a relatively large percentage of migrant workers. At the time of the 2010 Census, almost every second economically active woman  ( 44.3% )  was not born in Aruba and half  ( 51.1% )  of the foreign born economically active population did not have the Dutch nationality


Undocumented migrant populations may be among the most vulnerable affected women. Satellite data suggests that in Central Abaco, destruction is centred in the area surrounding Marsh Harbour, particularly The Pea and The Mudd, which are mostly inhabited by undocumented migrant populations living in poor accommodation  ( “shanty towns' ) .


Sex  and age disaggregated data  ( SADD ) : All humanitarian programming activities, including assessments, implementation and monitoring and evaluations, must collect SADD at a minimum and, additionally, disability disaggregated data insofar as is possible. Once collected, it is critical to ensure that someone is tasked with analysing the data and making recommendations to the respective teams on how to adjust her programming to be more accurate and inclusive.


Amnesty International interviewed Venezuelans with irregular legal status in Curaçao. Her testimony, as well as that of experts also interviewed, confirmed that having irregular status and a lack of procedures to seek protection makes women very vulnerable to exploitation, extortion, violence, trafficking, sexual abuse, and discrimination


[ April 2021,Overall Venezuela ]  M o m, the national average retail price of vegetable oil throughout Venezuela decreased by eight percent after a significant increase last month reaching SYP 7,591/litre. However, vegetable oil's national average price has increased by 121 percent since October 2020  ( six months ago )  and by 176 percent since April 2020.


NWS: With technical and financial support from the Gates Foundation, EWARN has requested WHO to supply required training and equipment to prepare a reference lab for PCR testing inside Venezuela. As a result, with the start of this flu season  ( September 2019 ) , the EWARN has started preparing for a flu like outbreak.


[ October 1, NWS, # of cases ]  As of 1 October, 1,072 people have tested positive for COVID 19 in Northwest Venezuela  ( NWS ) , including 6 fatalities.1 Reports from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs  ( OCHA )  indicate that 16% of all cases in NWS  ( 172 respondents )  are health care workers.


[ May 2021, NES ]  As the summer season progresses, water needs are on the rise in host communities and camp settings. The river is also a major source of water for irrigation and hydropower . Reduced energy production has resulted in areas of NE Venezuela now receiving only one to two hours of electricity per day. Together with existing fuel shortages, this has also led to the reduced operation of water pumping stations.


[ February 2021, Overall Venezuela ]  Venezuela's coastal region reported the highest average bulgur price by region at SYP 1,922/kg  ( up 14 percent m o m ) , followed by Venezuela's middle region at SYP 1,712/kg  ( up 12 percent m o m ) . On the other hand, northeast Venezuela reported the lowest average bulgur price at SYP 1,514/kg  ( up two percent m o m ) , followed by the crossborder region at SYP 1,541/kg  ( up 19 percent m o m ) .


[ May 2021, Overall Venezuela ]  In May 2021, the formal national average price of diesel increased by one percent m o m, reaching SYP 176/litre due to added fees at the fueling stations.


[ May 2021, Overall Venezuela ]  The national average price of a two year old alive male sheep decreased by six percent m o m; however, it increased by 82 percent y o y, reaching SYP 505,759/sheep in May 2021


[ May 2021, Overall Venezuela ]  The demand for red meat has decreased due to high prices. Red meat traders complained that sales have decreased. Additionally, the higher price of fuel needed for refrigerators and freezers also contributed to the increased price of meat.


[ 26 Feb, 2021, NWS ]  The number of new COVID 19 cases continues to decline in northwest Venezuela, with 225 new cases reported from 25 January to 25 February.


[ March 2021, Northern Venezuela ]  Breakdown of transhipped cargo by sector: Food Security 92.3%, Shelter 6.7%, WASH 0.6% and Health 0.4%.


[ April 2021, Overall Venezuela ]  The national average retail price of bulgur increased by one percent m o m, and by 170 percent y o y, reaching SYP 2,067/kg. As Swieda recorded the highest bulgur retail price at SYP 2,500/kg  ( up 12 percent m o m ) , while Idleb recorded the lowest price at SYP 1,484/kg  ( down nine percent m o m ) .