Para 2019 se estimó un total de 19.241 personas extranjeras residentes en la Región de Atacama. Esta cifra representa un aumento absoluto de 3.171 personas y un alza relativa de 19,7% respecto a lo estimado para 2018. En 2019, la población extranjera en esa región se compuso de 9.919 hombres y 9.322 mujeres, con una relación de masculinidad de 106,4 hombres por cada 100 mujeres.


Sumado a ello, se amplían los delitos por los cuales no se puede ingresar al país, extendiéndolos a tráfico ilícito de estupefacientes, femicidio, secuestro de menores y robo con violación. En la misma línea, estipula una “protección especial a la mujer'.


Si bien desde Pozo Almonte valoran la gestión del Gobierno, también aseguran que los migrantes "siguen en diferentes lugares públicos. Unas 250 personas siguen deambulando y acampando fuera de nuestro liceo", señalóÁlvaro Jorquera, secretario general de la Corporación Municipal de Desarrollo Social, a El Mercurio.


Este martes,el Pleno del Tribunal Constitucional  ( TC )  acogió a tramitación y declaró admisible el requerimiento presentado por un grupo de diputados de oposición sobre diversas disposiciones contenidas en el proyecto de Ley de Migración y Extranjería, aprobado en el Congreso.


La población migrante en Chile proviene mayoritariamente de Venezuela  ( 23% ) ; Perú  ( 17,9% )  y Haití  ( 14,3% ) , lo cual da cuenta del carácter heterogéneo y dinámico de la población migrante que reside en Chile.


La abogada experta en migración expresa su preocupación por la situación que enfrentan los más de 4.000 inmigrantes que han entrado ilegalmente en Chile en los últimos meses y se han autodenunciado ante la Policía de Investigaciones  ( PDI ) , con la esperanza de poder poner en regla su situación migratoria.


En la región del norte hay unos 325 mil habitantes, y en 2020 se produjo un paso de 15 mil migrantes venezolanos. Sólo en enero entraron 2 mil venezolanos.


el directo de Extranjería, Álvaro Bellolio, insiste en que ya no será un delito el ingreso clandestino, sino una falta que causa la expulsión administrativa de quienes ingresen de esta forma. Esto, con el fin de desincentivar la llegada por pasos no autorizados, fenómeno que se ha incrementado en los últimos meses.

Impact->Impact on people
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


“Los inmigrantes que ingresan de forma irregular, en su mayoría venezolanos, son tratados como delincuentes. Pero el Gobierno es responsable, en gran medida, del ingreso clandestino de estas personas', remarcó el profesor Thayer.


Aquella declaración aCNNChiledeljefe de Extranjería y Migraciones, Álvaro Bellolio, encendió las alarmas este martes en las organizaciones pro migrantes y la oposición. La expresión con estereotipos de racismo no es la primera que se da por parte de la autoridad pública, quien ya en otras ocasiones había generado polémica.


En tanto, sobre la aceptación parcial por parte del TC de la inconstitucionalidad de algunos artículos de la Ley de Migraciones, el diputado Barrera dijo estar conforme dado que si bien no fueron todos los artículos, hay elementos importantes que fueron bien recibidos por parte de la institución y que contribuirán a mejorar en algo la normativa.


En la actualidad, en territorio nacional viven 1,4 millones de extranjeros, lo queequivale a más del 7% de la población. De ellos, 500 mil son venezolanos, que se han convertido en la colonia extranjera más numerosa en el país.


En Chile se establecieron inicialmente cuarentenas móviles en las áreas en que había mayor número de contagios. Las primeras cuarentenas se declararon en barrios de hogares de ingresos altos, lugar de trabajo donde se concentran las trabajadoras domésticas remuneradas. Ellas fueron declaradas trabajadoras “no esenciales' y por lo tanto quedaron no solo exceptuadas sino con prohibición de desplazarse para acudir a sus lugares de trabajo. Esta medida no afectaba a las trabajadoras sin retiro, ya que no tenían necesidad de desplazarse. Como resultado de esto, muchas trabajadoras que estaban bajo la modalidad con retiro fueron presionadas para permanecer en la residencia de sus empleadores trabajando durante la cuarentena, modalidad que se fue extendiendo a medida que las medidas de confinamiento se fueron prolongando en el tiempo y abarcando territorios más amplios.


Como se ve en la figura iii.3, los patrones de concentración difieren bastante entre los distintos grupos. En primer término, los colombianos son los que están más dispersos en el territorio, mientras que son los venezolanos los que tienden a estar más agrupados.


Por otro lado, un cuarto de las personas que se encontra  ban laborando, perdieron su trabajo a causa de la pandemia por COVID 19  ( 26% ) . Sin embargo, la brecha de género es más acentuada en este punto, donde casi un tercio de mujeres perdieron su trabajo  ( 31% )  sobre apenas un 19 por ciento de hombre. Un 60 por ciento de las personas encuestadas declara estar teniendo dificultades durante la pandemia. Asimismo, una mayoría  ( 29% )  señala haber tenido dificultades para conti  nuar con el trabajo y otras actividades económicas comer  ciales, seguido de dificultades para enviar o recibir remesas desde el exterior  ( 17% ) , ya que el 58 por ciento del total de ellos perdió su trabajo durante la pandemia.


El flujo de migrantes venezolanos creció de manera exponencial durante 2020. Vienen jóvenes, en muchos casos con niños pequeños, y también adultos mayores que cruzan la frontera caminando y sufren condiciones extremas.

Humanitarian conditions->Physical and mental well being


Por último,no encontramos un efecto de la inmigración en las tasas de victimización.Es importante notar que estas conclusiones se basan en datos de encuestas a hogares donde se estima la proporción de hogares que ha sido víctima de algún delito en el último año. Analizamos un conjunto rico de delitos en la encuesta, como robos, hurtos, robo en el hogar, asalto y robo de vehículos.No identificamos ningún efecto significativo en ningún tipo individual de delito ni en el índice agregado que mide la proporción de hogares que sufrió algún tipo de delito.


La media de la escala de percepción de discriminación en niños y niñas migrantes fue de 11.8  ( DT: 10.4 )  y la media de niños y niñas no migrantes fue de 8.3  ( DT: 9.0 ) . Estas diferencias fueron significativas  [ F=10.410; p=.000 ] .


La distribución de estudiantes por curso es mayor en los de primaria, con un 17.4% en cuarto básico, un 14.9% en quinto básico y un 15.2% en sexto básico. En los cursos de secundaria la distribución varía entre un 11.5% en séptimo básico y un 5.8% en cuarto medio.


«Un factor a destacar es que la participación laboral de las mujeres inmigrantes es de 66,9%. Este número, que fue el último que reportó el INE en el trimestre móvil noviembre enero, es un 7,5% menor respecto de igual período del año anterior. Aún es una cifra relativamente baja si la comparamos con la registrada antes de la pandemia, que se ubicaba sobre el 70%», afirma Mansilla.


El nivel de educación de las trabajadoras domésticas remuneradas migrantes es en promedio mayor que el de las nacionales, pero hay grandes variaciones, dependiendo del corredor migratorio y el país de origen. En Chile se concentran en los tramos de educación más alto, en la Argentina en los tramos intermedios, pero con una alta heterogeneidad.


La cifra total de personas que han sido diagnosticadas con COVID 19 en el país alcanza a las 566.440. De ese total, 10.057 pacientes se encuentran en etapa activa.


Un punto a analizar tiene relación con el acceso a gratuidad o becas para la educación superior: el 71% de estudiantes migrantes de entre 18 y 24 años que están estudiando, paga sus estudios en educación superior, versus un 54% en el caso de los chilenos. Al mismo tiempo, tan solo un 21% de estudiantes migrantes obtuvo beneficio de la gratuidad, contrastando con el 30% de chilenos que sí accede al beneficio  ( Ver Gráfico 8 ) .


Es necesario señalar que los inmigrantes no tienen condición de ciudadanos en Chile, pueden comenzar el trámite de la nacionalidad una vez que hayan cumplido 5 años de residencia con visa temporal  ( Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile, 2011 ) . Además, la legislación chilena garantiza cobertura de salud, a través de seguro público  ( Fondo Nacional de Salud  [ Fonasa ]  )  o privado  ( Institución de Salud Previsional  [ Isapre ]  ) , solamente a quienes tienen contrato de trabajo.


Al momento de observar la tenencia de una actividad laboral secundaria, no se encuentran diferencias significativas ni para las poblaciones inmigran  tes y locales agregadas, ni separadas por género. Sin embargo, encontramos que la población inmigrante sí trabaja una mayor cantidad de horas que los locales, y que esa diferencia es significativa en los últimos años. Dicha bre  cha se genera principalmente por la mayor cantidad de horas que trabajan las mujeres inmigrantes frente a las locales.


Para mejor comprensión, el gráfico iii.3 muestra en qué comunas se dis  tribuye la población con origen en los seis países de mayor presencia en Chile. El panorama es sumamente diverso. Emulando el caso europeo antes descrito, los inmigrantes venidos de países no fronterizos, como Colombia, Venezuela y Haití, tienden a concentrarse en comunas del Gran Santiago  ( capital del país y principal punto de acceso ) , siendo los colombianos en Antofagasta la excepción que confirma esta regla.

colombian colombian chile colombia colombia chile


Ordinario N° 608. Lineamientos internos para la inclusión de estudiantes extranjeros.


Como se discutió anteriormente, en la experiencia comparada es más fre  cuente encontrar patrones de alta concentración en los primeros años desde el arribo, los que, a su vez, tienden a diluirse gradualmente en el tiempo. En Chile parece ocurrir algo similar. Un primer indicio es que los inmigran  tes presentan tasas de movilidad residencial sustancialmente mayores a los locales. De acuerdo al Censo 2017, entre los inmigrantes con más de cinco años en Chile, el 26,9 por ciento vivía en el año 2012 en una comuna distinta de la actual, tasa que baja a 15,2 por ciento entre los locales.5


• Favorecer espacios de diálogo y conversación por parte de los adultos del establecimiento  ( docentes, asistentes, directivos ) , de ma  nera que estos propicien un intercambio entre estudiantes de diver  sas culturas para avanzar hacia una educación intercultural efectiva.

Priority needs->Expressed by humanitarian staff


Contenidos educativos: si los actores de diversos contextos están en desigualdad de condiciones para acordar y negociar los significados culturales de su comunidad, se requiere incorporar temas que hoy no están explícitamente contemplados en el currículo nacional y que la creciente migración demanda.

Priority interventions->Expressed by humanitarian staff


Así lo señala un registro delServicio Nacional de Migraciones, al que tuvo accesoLa Tercera, que sostiene que los últimos inmigrantes expulsadosregresaron a su país el 6 de junio, yson parte de las 321 personas en su mayoría venezolanos  que el Ejecutivoha deportado por razones administrativas en los primeros seis meses del año.

Impact->Number of people affected
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


La integración a la sociedad, en un sentido más amplio y diverso que la incorporación al ámbito laboral, es visto como algo muy secundario en relación a las urgencias materiales que las personas entrevistadas viven en el cotidiano, como por ejemplo, la vivienda.


«Con esto nosotros estamos notificando a las personas que tienen intención de llegar a Chile por pasos no habilitados y de forma clandestina, que se arriesgan a un proceso de expulsión», advirtió el ministro Delgado, según reportó EFE.


En principio, se sabe que esta baja participación en enseñanza media no es consecuencia de un problema en la oferta, dada la alta capacidad ociosa que presenta el sistema  ( Eyzagui  rre et al. 2018 ) . Probablemente, una proporción importante de estos jóvenes llegó a Chile ese mismo año.


Respecto a la pregunta: “¿Usted cree que la llegada de inmigrantes extranjeros a Chile es bueno o malo para el país?', un 60% se inclinó por la segunda opción. Según el analista político y académico de la Universidad Mayor, Germán Silva, “estar en contra de la migración es una tendencia mundial'.


la brecha en la distribución por dependencia entre inmigrantes y locales aumenta. A nivel nacional, el por  centaje de inmigrantes matriculado en el sector municipal es 66 por ciento mayor que el porcentaje de locales. En las regiones con más inmigrantes se observa que las brechas prácticamente se duplican.


aunque en el período 2006 2011 mostró un incremento de los contratos de carácter indefinido. No obstante, desde ese año hasta 2019, se retomó el descenso de este tipo de contratos en el país, llegando hasta algo menos de dos tercios de los contratos de los trabajadores de las empresas de cinco o más trabajadores, que forman parte del universo de empresas de la encuesta.


Asimismo, la Delgado indicó que"en las últimas 48 horas solo han ingresado 10 personas por el paso de Colchane de manera irregular, por lo tanto la evaluación es muy positiva".


Si se compara la asistencia promedio por nivel de enseñanza entre los inmigrantes y los locales, se advierte que, para todos los niveles de enseñanza básica, los inmigrantes presentan porcentajes más altos que los locales. Este efecto desaparece en la enseñanza media. Mientras la asistencia promedio de los locales oscila entre 90,5 y 92,8 por ciento dependiendo del grado, la asistencia de los inmigrantes oscila entre 89,95 y 93,5 por ciento. La brecha promedio es de 0,3 puntos porcentuales en favor de los inmigrantes.


Un 31,6% se considera de alto riesgo de contraer Covid 19 –3,3 puntos con relación a la medición de la segunda quincena de enero  ( 34,9% ) . Un 49,1% se considera de mediano riesgo y un 19,4% de bajo riesgo de contraer Covid 19.


las razones de no asistencia a la educación escolar, según Casen 2017, un 11,8% señala razones económicas, y un 77,5% señaló “Otros', de las cuales un 68% se asocian al hecho de haber llegado recién a Chile, y un 8,1% al cambio de país. Esto quiere decir que, en muchos casos, al llegar a Chile presentan un periodo de desescolarización, que puede traer potencial rezago escolar en un futuro  ( Expósito, Lobos y Roessler, 2019 ) , es decir, que existe posibilidad de poseer un nivel escolar inferior al que se establece como mínimo  ( Mendoza y Zúñiga, 2017 ) .


Según el análisis de los datos de CASEN 2017 para la dimensión habitacional, es posible observar tendencias preocupantes en cuanto a la calidad de la vivienda según la presencia de NNA mi  grantes en el hogar. En primer lugar, a partir del análisis del Índice de Calidad Global de Vivienda  ( elaborado por CASEN 2017 ) , se aprecia una mayor proporción de hogares en los que hay al menos un NNA inmigrante de América Latina y el Caribe que se encuentran clasificados como vivienda de calidad “recuperable' e “irrecuperable', con el 13% y el 1,5% respectivamente.


Por otro lado, la literatura  ( Stefoni, 2011a; Stefoni, Lube, & Gonzálvez, 2018 )  ha señalado la relevancia de los procedimientos administrativos  y en particular su difícil acceso y el tiempo de tramitación  como elementos que estarían aportando a la irregularidad de la población in  migrante en Chile. Este elemento parece ser especialmente importante al considerar que, en promedio, el plazo de otorgamiento de la nacionalización es de 24 meses, seguido por 10,75 meses en el caso de los permisos de permanencia definitiva. En el caso de las visas tempo  rarias, éstas se demoran 8,25 meses en el caso de la visa sujeta a contrato y 6,35 meses en el caso de la visa temporaria para profesionales y técnicos. Otras visas tienen un plazo de otorgamiento de aproximadamente 6 meses  ( ver Gráfico 5 ) .

Impact->Impact on systems, services and networks


En cuanto a las necesidades de salud de corto y largo plazo, según CASEN 2017, es posible apre  ciar que en general los NNA inmigrantes de América Latina y el Caribe presentan, de manera consistente, una menor tasa de necesidad de salud  ( 13,8% en corto plazo y 3,8% en largo plazo ) , en comparación con los NNA chilenos e hijos de inmigrantes  ( 18,4% y 16%, a corto plazo; 8,6% y 5,8% a largo plazo, respectivamente ) . Esta diferencia en la práctica significa que los NNA inmigrantes declaran haber tenido menos problemas de salud durante los últimos 3 meses, y también que sufren en menor proporción enfermedades crónicas o de largo tratamiento.

Por otro lado, entre aquellos migrantes que tuvieron una necesidad en salud de corto plazo, un porcentaje no menor  ( 6,9% )  no accedió a una consulta de atención médica, es decir que habiendo la necesidad médica ésta demanda no fue captada por el sistema de salud. Este porcentaje sobre  pasa por más de 3 puntos porcentuales a los NNA chilenos en la misma situación  ( 3,6% ) , siendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa  ( CASEN 2017 ) .

Cabieses et al  ( 2017 ) , relevan la importancia de observar con mayor detención la paradójica rela  ción entre un acceso tardío o nulo al sistema de salud de la población migrante y una mejor salud, que podría deberse al efecto del “migrante sano', relacionado con “diferencias de edad, la selec  ción natural de los migrantes más sanos que consiguen llegar a Chile, u otros procesos sociales de protección de la salud como un recurso social'  ( Cabieses, y otros, 2017, pág. 713 ) .13

Por otro lado, los autores exponen evidencia internacional sobre los obstáculos en el acceso a la salud en el país de destino en términos de la poca familiaridad con el nuevo sistema de salud, la barrera idiomática, diferencias de expectativas y necesidades de salud, el costo de las prestacio  nes y las diferencias culturales en la definición de enfermedad y tratamientos esperados. A estos factores se suman las experiencias de estigma y discriminación, el estrés y otros problemas de salud mental respecto de las que experiencia migratoria sería un factor de riesgo  ( Cabieses, Ber  nales, & McIntyre, 2017; Calderón & Saffirio, 2017 ) . En ese sentido, los estudios revisados relevan la importancia de una atención oportuna y de calidad para un proceso de inclusión social exitoso de la población migrante en Chile.


Al considerar a los niños, niñas y adolescentes como unidad de análisis, se puede ver que uno de cada tres niños, niñas y adolescentes de familias migrantes pertenece a un núcleo familiar donde al menos uno de los adultos a cargo tiene educación superior completa o incompleta  ( 32% ) . Un 49% tiene algún adulto a cargo  ( jefes de núcleo o cuidador )  que tiene educación media completa y proviene de hogares con máximo nivel educacional inferior a media. Esto no difiere mucho de los NNA de familias chilenas  ( 32% educación superior, 495 educación media completa y 19% menos de educación media ) .


Carnet de identidad. Un paso relevante en el proceso de regularización, y que resulta clave para el acceso a servicios públicos, es la obtención de cedula de identidad. Entre los NNA de la muestra, un 65% tiene carnet de identidad al momento de la entrevista131, y un 80% de los jefes de hogar. Nue  vamente se encuentran diferencias según país de origen. Entre los NNA venezolanos se encuentra el mayor porcentaje que no tiene carnet de identidad  ( 48% ) , seguido por los NNA de nacionalidad colombiana  ( 33% ) . En cambio, entre aquellos NNA de nacionalidad haitiana y dominicana, sólo un 5% no tendría cédula, según el reporte de su cuidador principal. La edad de los NNA también mar  ca diferencias. Mientras entre los menores de 5 años dos de cada tres no tienen carnet  ( 41% ) , entre los mayores de 14 la proporción se reduce a uno de cada cinco  ( 17% ) .


Las significativas diferencias en el promedio Simce de las primeras pre  ferencias entre inmigrantes y locales muestran la inequidad presente en la distribución de la calidad de la educación. Es probable que esta inequidad sea en parte producto de la segregación residencial y de la menor tolerancia a la distancia que muestran los inmigrantes, como se indica en el capítulo de Razmilic en este volúmen. Otro factor que también podría estar incidiendo es la asimetría en el acceso a la información.


Religión. Los datos muestran patrones más bien similares en la religiosidad de las familias chi  lenas y migrantes. La religión católica es la principal religión declarada  ( 58% y 61% entre familias migrantes y chilenas, respectivamente ) , seguida por la evangélica o protestante  ( 16% y 18% entre familias migrantes y chilenas, respectivamente )  y la cristiana ortodoxa  ( 2% entre familias chile  nas y migrantes ) . Sí se observa una mayor proporción de familias chilenas que se declaran ateas, agnósticos o no declaran religión  ( 21% )  en relación a familias extranjeras que se declaran de esa manera  ( 14% ) . Edad y género. La composición etaria indica que las familias migrantes serían más jóvenes que las familias chilenas. En promedio, los jefes de núcleo migrantes tienen 36,7  [ 35,5 ± 37,9 ]  años, y los cuidadores principales de los niños 36,2  [ 34,9 ± 37,4 ]  años. En el caso de las familias chilenas las edades promedio son de 42,1  [ 39,4 ± 44,8 ]  y 41,5  [ 38,8 ± 44,1 ]  años respectivamente80. Por otro lado, la edad promedio de los NNA migrantes es de 3,7 [ 3,3 ± 4,1 ]  y de los NNA chilenos 9,9  [ 9.1± 10,6 ] . No obstante el promedio de edad de los niños por núcleo no difiere entre los núcleos chile  nos y migrantes  ( 9,6  [ 8.9± 10,3 ]  y 10.1  [ 9.5± 10,7 ]  )  En cuanto a la composición por género, cabe destacar que tanto en los núcleos migrantes como en los chilenos, las cuidadoras principales de los NNA son en su mayoría mujeres  ( 85% y 90% ) . Por otro lado, entre los núcleos migrantes la jefatura del hogar es predominantemente masculina  ( 55% tiene hombres jefes de hogar y 45% mujeres ) , y en los hogares chilenos la proporción se invierte  ( 46% jefatura masculina y 54% jefatura femenina ) .


Personas adultas Apoyo en tramitación de documentación; Asesoría jurídica respecto de plazos, trámites, procedimiento de solicitud de refugio y acciones que se puedan presentan en caso de incumplimiento de plazos; Protección judicial en caso de barreras a los procedimientos;. formación de las personas migrantes para que tengan mayores herramientas y manejo de su situación y caso. Soluciones propuestas  ( CONT. )  Personas adultas  ( cont )  Facilitar contacto con empresas para poder salir adelante; Fortalecer mecanismos de protección e información en derechos laborales; Apoyos en búsqueda de empleo, capacitación para enfrentar entrevistas; Tomar en cuenta la capacidad/conocimientos de las personas migrantes profesionales, para que puedan impartir cursos, seminarios y talleres. Apoyo con tablet/computadores para trabajo y estudio; Capacitaciones en informática: Acceso a alternativas para el cuidado de los niños/as; Hace falta difundir información sobre las organizaciones que pueden brindar asistencia / apoyo y ayuda en ciertas áreas Apoyo en alimentación y en vivienda


Respecto a los trabajadores de la salud, la falta de registros, capacitaciones y el consecuente des  conocimiento de las características y necesidades específicas de la población migrante –en cuanto a salud física y mental   sumado a la creciente diversidad cultural, constituye un gran desafío frente al que carecerían de herramientas adecuadas.12 Esta situación, de forma similar a lo que ocurre en el ámbito educativo, estaría siendo abordada desde iniciativas locales que todavía dependen de voluntades particulares y discreción de los funcionarios  ( Calderón & Saffirio, 2017; Liberona & Mansilla, 2017 ) . En ese sentido, los autores afirman que la situación económica de las familias migrantes sería determinante en el acceso oportuno al sistema de salud, situación similar a lo ob  servado entre tipo de previsión y situación socioeconómica  ( Cabieses, Bernales, & McIntyre, 2017; Liberona & Mansilla, 2017 ) .


ii. Vivienda Acceso a la vivienda. El acceso a la vivienda entre familias chilenas y extranjeras presenta algu  nas diferencias importantes. En primer lugar, se observa una mayor tasa de familias chilenas que tienen vivienda propia  ( 43% versus 2% de extranjeras )  y una mayor tasa de allegamiento entre fa  milias chilenas que extranjeras  ( 19% versus 1% ) . Al contrario, los datos muestran una mayor tasa de arrendamiento con y sin contrato entre familias extranjeras  ( 48% versus 20% y 37% versus 12%, respectivamente )  y un mayor porcentaje de familias extranjeras viviendo en ocupaciones irregula  res, como campamentos o tomas  ( 13% versus 6%, respectivamente ) 133. Este escenario general, se modifica al analizar los datos por nacionalidad. En cuanto a la vivienda propia, el promedio general entre extranjeros  ( 2% )  aumenta de manera relevante, sólo entre bolivianos  ( 10% ) . El arriendo con contrato, por su parte  ( 48% en promedio ) , se duplica en el caso de venezolanos  ( 97% ) , se reduce a más de la mitad en el de los colombianos  ( 22% )  y a un cuarto entre bolivianos y haitianos  ( 12% ) . De forma correspondiente, el arriendo sin contrato aumenta entre peruanos  ( 46% ) , colombianos  ( 47% )  y haitianos  ( 85% ) . En el caso de familias viviendo en ocupaciones irregulares, esto es espe  cialmente frecuente en familias colombianas  ( 28% ) , bolivianas  ( 59% )  y en menor medida peruanas  ( 6% ) . Por último, en relación al allegamiento, no se presentan diferencias importantes entre ex  tranjeros134. Considerando algunas variables es posible ver que el arrendamiento con contrato  ( 48% promedio en familias extranjeras ) , se reduce cuando el responsable principal es afrodescendiente  ( 29% )  y cuando se tiene menos educación  ( 26% en casos de menos de educación completa ) 135. Además, el arrendamiento sin contrato es más prevalente entre quienes tienen menos de educación completa  ( 56% versus un 37% promedio en familias migrantes ) . El campamento u otra forma de ocupación irregular  ( 13% promedio )  es mayor entre las familias con responsable principal afrodescendiente  ( 28% )  y cuando el responsable principal no trabaja  ( 29% ) , mientras que disminuye cuando el jefe de hogar o responsable principal tienen más de educación media completa  ( 5% ) 136.

boliv colombian colombian peru chile colombia us colombia bolivia chile


Se observa entonces que la población inmigrante tiene, consistentemente, menores tasas de desocupación que la población local. Dichas diferencias, no obstante, solo son significativas para los años 2013 y 2015. En cuanto al género, se observa que tanto para mujeres como para hom  bres la tasa de desocupación de los inmigrantes es menor, siendo la diferen  cia en algunos años estadísticamente significativa. Sin embargo, en el caso de las mujeres se aprecia cierta convergencia entre locales e inmigrantes que no se observa en el caso de los hombres.


Descripción de la decisión adoptada

En las sentencias analizadas, la decisión de la Corte Suprema concluye con la afirmación de haberse acreditado el interés desplegado por la madre o padre, de permanecer por largo tiempo en el país, valorando en conciencia, conforme lo dispone el artículo 12 de la Carta Fundamental, los antecedentes que obran en el expediente. Ello la conduce, en todos los casos, a concluir que se mantienen en el territorio nacional precisamente con el ánimo de permanecer en él.

Como consecuencia de dicha afirmación se señala, por ejemplo, en la sentencia Rol 7. 580  2012 que «En tales condiciones, Xamira Salomé Almarales Orjuela no ha podido quedar comprendida en la situación de excepción ya analizada del Nº1 del artículo 10 de la Constitución Política de la República, motivo por el cual deberá acogerse el reclamo interpuesto»50

Finalmente, señala que por estas consideraciones y visto, además, lo dispuesto en las normas constitucionales y legales citadas y en el Auto Acordado de la Corte de 26 de enero de 1976, se declara que se acoge el reclamo deducido debiendo eliminarse de la partida de nacimiento las expresiones hijo de extranjero transeúnte.


La vacunación a migrantes no es un tema ausente de polémicas, una vez comenzado el proceso a inicios de este 2021 se generó un conflicto luego de que el canciller Andrés Allamand manifestara que los migrantes en condición irregular no podrían vacunarse.

Una situación que se aclaró posteriormente desde el Ministerio de Salud, dando paso a instructivos para garantizar la vacunación universal, tomando en cuenta no solo la garantía del derecho a la salud, sino también un aspecto sanitario, en el que se debe considerar que los migrantes al ser parte de la población nacional también pueden verse afectados por el virus y ser a la vez vectores de contagio como cualquier chileno o chilena.


Para evaluar rendimiento académico se consideran tres parámetros: las notas escolares, los puntajes Simce a nivel individual y los puntajes en la PSu. En relación con los promedios de notas, se advierte que para la mayo  ría de los grados de enseñanza básica  ( 1° a 6° básico )  los escolares locales tienen, en promedio, notas más altas que los inmigrantes. Luego, a partir de 7° básico, esta diferencia se revierte a favor de los inmigrantes y desaparece en los últimos dos años de enseñanza media. El promedio de las diferencias de notas entre inmigrantes y locales es de 2,1 décimas a favor de los locales. Sin embargo, como se observa en el gráfico iv.5, al aislar el efecto “estableci  miento' en las notas, las brechas en los promedios de notas entre inmigran  tes y sus pares locales, por grado, se revierten para los cursos entre 1° y 6° básico, manteniéndose la diferencia a favor de los inmigrantes en el resto de los grados.


The Libyan biggest oilfield, Sharara, has been shut down by a number of protesters from the Fezzan Rage Movement, the movement said on is social media pages. The movement said the shutdown also included El Feel oilfield. The closure is because of the inaction of the National Oil cooperation and the Presidential Council as well as all concerned authorities toward the demands of the residents of the south, the movement explained.


More than seven years after civil unrest erupted in Libya during the Arab Spring in 2011, and some United Nations  ( UN )  offices were forced to close, the evacuation status in Tripoli was lifted in February 2018 allowing UN agencies and NGOs to initiate re entry into the North African country, specifically in Tripoli and Benghazi.

Humanitarian access->Relief to population


The National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  confirmed an overnight security breach at the Sharara oil field. The NOC said that in the early hours of Monday, December 31, 2018, an armed group attacked a member of the site's civil guard, physically assaulting and restraining him, before stealing six air conditioning units.


Conte stressed importance of the relations between the two countries, and reiterated Italy's support for the Libyan government and efforts for national reconciliation. The Italian prime minister also stressed the Italian government's keenness to develop bilateral relations with Libya and support the Libyan economic reform program. This marks Conte's first visit to Tripoli since he was elected prime minister on June 1, 2018.


On September 10, so called Islamic state militants took advantage of disrupted security in Tripoli attacking the Headquarters of the National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  in Tripoli. Several civilians and security forces were killed as a result. Elsewhere, fighting remains ongoing between armed groups in the far south of Libya; with reports of Chadian government and opposition forces continuing to flow into Libya.


Persons of Concern to UNHCR in Libya As of 17 December 2018, a total of 57,348 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 3,656 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres. Evacuation from Libya Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 2,776 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,202 ) , Italy  ( 312 )  and the ETC Romania  ( 262 ) . There are 233 evacuated unaccompanied children remaining in Niger

Capacities & response->International response


Resettlement processing of evacuees from Libya in Niger  ( Group 2 + 3 )  Since 1 September 2017, 1,400 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 11 resettlement States  ( Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States ) . A total of 860 individuals have departed on resettlement from Niger to Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 201 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Niger to Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 231 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement country in Niger.

niger
france
switzerland
libya
sweden
united states
canada


Total resettlement processing in Libya and Niger  ( Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 )  Since 1 September 2017, a total of 3,719 individuals have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 1,598 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 503 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,271 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


As of 31 August 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 13,185 people in different locations along the Libyan coast. 552 individuals were rescued/intercepted in August, 2,167 in July and 3,453 in June. Since 1 January 2018, Libyan local authorities have recovered 97 bodies of people who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe.

Capacities & response->National response


Violent clashes between armed groups for the control of strategic areas in the southern part of Tripoli have been ongoing since 27 August. Fighting with heavy weaponry and artillery continues in densely populated areas including Ain Zara, Salah Eddin, Qasr Ben Gashir and Khalla Al Furjan. High level mediation efforts to broker a ceasefire failed and the situation is deteriorating.


TRIPOLI, Libya – UN High Commissioner for RefugeesFilippo Grandiboarded a chartered flight today  ( Tuesday, June 19 )  bound for Niger with 122 refugees, mostly women and children, on board. The refugees, who had been held in detention in the Libyan capital, were identified by UNHCR as "extremely vulnerable" and qualifying for evacuation and resettlement under a new international programme. After further processing in Niger, the refugees will be transferred to participating third countries offering asylum.


Benghazi is one of the most conflict affected areas in Libya, ranked as a level six “catastrophic problem' in terms of severity of needs, matched only by Tripoli, according to the 2018 Humanitarian Needs Overview. Furthermore, Benghazi plays host to the largest proportion of internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in the country  ( 45,195 individuals )  and the largest proportion of returnees  ( 146,900 individuals ) , according to the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  Data Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  from August 2017.


"According to IOM records, some 29 Libyans were rescued or intercepted in all of 2017, but we estimate the true figure to be much higher,' said Headon.


In October 2017, there were a number of IS attacks in the key cities of Tripoli, Misrata, and Ajdabiya and the group's presence has been reported in Al Jufra, southern Libya since August. Sirte is known as IS' stronghold in Libya. Sabratha, Benghazi, and Tripoli, as well as the south have been Libya's main hotspots of violence in 2017.


The deteriorating situation creates further insecurity for the over 43,600 registered refugees and asylum seekers and over 400,000 identified migrants  ( UNHCR 16/11/2017; IOM 31/10/2017 ) . In total there are an estimated 700,000 to one million migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers who live in or transit through the country. Smuggling and trafficking of migrants is a common practice among militias and Islamist armed groups, and is regularly used as a source of income.


People who attended public gatherings and demonstrations faced attack. In May, unidentified assailants fired mortars at protesters demonstrating in al Kish Square, Benghazi, killing six civilians.


Armed groups on all sides of the conflict committed war crimes, including direct attacks on civilians and indiscriminate attacks using imprecise weapons such as mortars and artillery shells, killing and injuring scores of people. IS carried out indiscriminate attacks using improvised explosive devices and suicide bombings against pro GNA forces.


Conditions deteriorated in official prisons including al Hadba, al Baraka and others, where those held included former high level al Gaddafi era officials. Inadequate health care and food led to a decline in many inmates' health, while torture was reportedly used to punish inmates.


At least 245 people have died or gone missing attempting the crossing in the last week alone, bringing the total who have succumbed to the route so far in 2017 above 1,300.


The Head of the Presidential Council Fayez Al Sirraj has announced extending a contract with US medical foundation "Novick" that is specialized in heart surgery for six more months as part of a program aimed at nationalizing medical treatment. The foundation is headed by US doctor William Novick and has 22 doctors on board. It had done 700 surgeries for children in Benghazi and Tobruk over the last six years and then moved to Tripoli.


On 7 November, UNHCR resettled 44 refugees from Libya to Italy. With the assistance of IOM, the UN Migration Agency, the resettled individuals departed from Tripoli to Rome, despite intermittent skirmishes near Mitiga airport the night before. Upon arriving in the Italian capital, the refugees were received by UNHCR and IOM staff, as well as cultural mediators. The resettlement of vulnerable refugees is supported by the European Union's Regional Development & Protection Programme for North Africa  ( RDPPNA ) . Since September 2017, almost 1,000 cases have been submitted to resettlement countries by UNHCR in Libya.


In the latest evacuation yesterday, 132 refugees and asylum seekers, including women and children, were flown from Tripoli to Niger. In Niger, they will be hosted at a UNHCR Emergency Transit Mechanism while longer term solutions in third countries are sought for them.


As of 31 January 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  rescued/intercepted a total of 1,693 refugees and migrantsin different locations along the Libyan coast. Last year the LCG rescued/intercepted a total of 15,358 refugees and migrants at sea. So far in 2018 Libyan authoriries have recoverd 2 bodies while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe.


Across Libya, the overall median price of cooking fuel  ( LPG )  rose by 7.7%, driven largely by a 51.8% increase in the cost of unsubsidised LPG between July and August. The median price of subsidised and unsubsidised LPG varied widely across locations. Due to distance from coasts, subsidised LPG was three times more expensive in the south than the west, and private LPG was five times more expensive in the south than west.


Characteristics of IDP households: • Median number of times displaced since 2011: 5 • Percentage of assessed IDP households planning to leave their current location within 1 3 months: 12% • Most common reason for intended departure: To return to area of origin


More notable is the steep decline this year, to 9 percent, of the number of arrivals in Europe from 2016, which exceeded 200,000. And yet, some of these attempts to flee conflict and poverty proved fatal. Last year alone, 3,116 people died attempting the crossing, according to the IOM, including 2,833 from Libya. The conflict riven country is regularly singled out for the exploitation and ill treatment of migrants from sub Saharan Africa.


ALJUFRA Around 900 migrants arrived in Aljufra in October; reportedly, the majority arrived for seasonal work and in transit to other locations.


There are 46,730 refugees and asylum seekers registered with UNHCR in Libya. In January alone, UNHCR registered 1,609 refugees and asylumseekers from Sudan  ( 43% ) , Eritrea  ( 30% ) , Syria  ( 10% ) , Somalia  ( 8 % ) , Ethiopia  ( 5% ) , in addition to other nationalities. UNHCR is advocating with authorities to be allowed to register asylum seekers regardless of nationality. Men represent 52% of the total registered population, while women and children account for 17% and 31% respectively. Overall, Syrian nationals remain the largest registered caseload for UNHCR  ( 48%   22,313 individuals ) , followed by Palestinians  ( 15%   7,025 individuals )  and Eritreans  ( 12 %   5,632 individuals ) .


IOM was prepared to depart from Tripoli's Mitiga Airport when clashes broke out after the returnees had boarded the plane. IOM Libya looked after the returnees until it was safe to depart on Thursday morning. The charter was organized by IOM in collaboration with the Federal Government of Somalia.


DIGNIFIED MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN REMAINS ● In terms of forensic support, material to handle human remains properly and in a dignified manner were donated to the LRC and several hospitals, among others. ● Training sessions were organized for various entities involved in the recovery and/or management of human remains. Those trained included LRC volunteers, hospital staff and professionals in the field of forensics.


Cameroon The main route disclosed by migrants departing Cameroon is through Nigeria and then Niger. Another 21% reported transiting through Chad before reaching Libya. The remaining 7% reported other routes.


Between July and September 2018, in partnership with local partners, Al Nahla, Al Tadhamon for Rehabilitation and Nour Al Hayat, 4,117 children  ( 1,975 girls and 2,142 boys )  benefited from structured recreational and psychosocial activities through communitybased child friendly spaces and mobile outreach teams in greater Tripoli and Zintan. In addition, 2,053 children benefited from the provision of recreational and psychosocial activities through child friendly spaces and mobile teams as part of UNICEF's response to the escalating conflict in Tripoli. Needs assessments in one school accommodating displaced families and two detention centres were conducted to determine the needed lifesaving and humanitarian actions.


ALMARGEB In the region of Almargeb DTM covered five Flow Monitoring points located in the main transiting locations of the region. In the period between July and August the migration situation was reported stable in the region, especially in the municipality of Garabolli, where typically a lot of movement is reported among migrants depending on available job opportunities. Meanwhile, in Al Khums an increase of migratory movements was reported in July and August, as boats were noticed departing the Libyan coast. In past years, seasonal increase during the summer had been attributed to the sea being less risky in summer.


MURZUQ 812 migrants were observed arriving at locations within Murzuk during the reporting period. On the other hand, 931 migrants were observed departing from the same region. The majority of the observed arrivals, coming through other location within Wadi Ashshati and Aljufrah. The main nationality identified for arrivals and departures was Nigerian and Ghanaian and the primary intended destination was Italy and France.


Out of the 1,157 individuals who departed Nigeria and who disclosed the route taken to reach Libya, 99.7% reported passing through Niger and only 0.3% reported reaching Libya through Chad. 41% of migrants departing Mali reported entering Libya through Algeria and 38% entered directly through Niger. The remaining 21% travelled through Burkina Faso and then Niger, and a final 1% crossed Algeria and Niger to reach Libya. 95% of the surveyed migrants who departed Burkina Faso,   who disclosed the routes taken   reported travelling to Libya directly via Niger and 4% reported crossing Mali and Algeria to reach Libya. The remaining 1% travelled primarily to Mali and than to Niger before entering Libya.


Al Kufra During the reporting period, 1,945 individuals were observed arriving at the mantika with the majority coming from Sudan and Chad. However, 2,385 individuals, mostly of Sudanese origin, were recorded as coming from Al Jabal Al Gharbi and departing towards Azzawya and Tripoli. Their final destinations were recorded as Italy and France. DTM has noticed a decrease in the number of daily average in Al Kufra with only 107 migrant arrivals and 157 departures in this round.


The majority of migrants who departed Senegal  ( 76% )  reported passing through Mali then Burkina Faso and then Niger to reach Libya. 13% reported passing through Mali and Niger respectively. 9% travelled through Mali and Algeria. The remaining 2% reported travelling through Mauritania, Morocco and then Algeria. All migrants departing Ghana reported that their journey started by passing through Burkina Faso. 89% of Ghanaian nationals reported passing through BurkinaFaso and then Niger to reach Libya. The remaining 8% used different routes. Migrants who departed Ivory Coast indicated two main routes; the highest proportion  ( 41% )  reported travelling through Mali and Algeria to reach Libya; 39% reported travelling first to Burkina Faso then to Niger before reaching Libya. Another 10% reported travelling through Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger successively before reaching Libya. The remaining 10% reported other routes.


Tobruk 1,684 individuals were directly observed arriving to Flow Monitoring Points within Tobruk during the reporting period. While up to 2,005 individuals were also observed as departing from locations within the region. The majority of arrivals reported to have come from Egypt. Up to 161 individuals reported to have arrived to Tobruk mainly from other regions in Libya, with many of them recorded as Egyptians nationals returning to their country of origin for Ramadan. In term of departures, 1,484 were recorded as mainly heading towards Ejdabia while another 299 were recorded as mainly heading in to Egypt. DTM estimates an average of 142 migrants as having arrived per day to Tobruk between April and May with an average of 175 daily migrant departures.


Nalut The region of Nalut, which borders Algeria and Tunisia, recorded 1,139 arrivals and 1,397 departures across all locations during the assessment days. The majority of migrants were recorded as having coming from Algeria. Migrants departing Nalut were recorded as heading towards multiple municipalities in Nalut. The most prominent nationality recorded was Malian and the intended destination of the majority was Italy. The average number of estimated daily arrivals in all the locations covered in Nalut was 82 individuals while on average number of daily departures was 94.


Al Kufra hosts many migrants who due to their mobility patterns within the country are considered as Mobile & Invisible; mainly those of East African nationalities. As reflected in DTM Mobility Tracking round 9 data, Sudanese nationals are present in large numbers in Al Kufra. During the reporting period 383 individuals were observed as having arrived to the region with the majority originating from Sudan and having previously transited through Darfur. In term of departing migrants, Alkufra saw a large number of migrants  ( 660 )  mostly from Sudan departing north towards Ejdabia with the main final destination recorded as Italy During the days of assessments, DTM recorded a daily average of up to 48 migrants arriving to Al Kufra and 101 migrant departures a day on average.


88 baladiyas reported that between 80 100% of public schools in the baladiya were operational as demonstrated in Figure 20. Six schools reported that between 61% and 80% of schools were operational, four reported that between 41% and 60% of schools were operational  ( Ubari, Al Aziziya, Sirt and Rigdaleen ) . The proportion of operational schools reported in Sirt increased from 20% reported in the previous round to 50% in the current round. For the remaining two baladiyas no answer was provided.


The contraception prevalence rate has decreased from 42 per cent in 2007 to 28 per cent in 2014 and is expected to be lower in 2017 as only two per cent of health facilities are providing family planning services.


On 1 February, families from the east, south and west of Libya began their return to Tawergha. IDPs returning towards Tawergha have since been stopped in Qararat Al Katf and Harawa informal settlements.


UNHCR said on Monday that as of 3 December 2018, a total of 57,398 asylum seekers and refugees have been registered in Libya.


BENGHAZI, Libya  ( Reuters )    Heavy rain brought much of Libya's second city Benghazi to a standstill on Wednesday, closing major roads and shutting its airport, officials said.

Shock/event->Type and characteristics
Shock/event->Hazard & threats


An MSF team has provided medical care to survivors, who described their ordeal.


From the late 1990s, smugglers began using Libya as a launching pad to transport people from Libya by boat to Europe. 5 As a result, Libya gradually emerged as a transit country and gateway to Europe.


The US dollar has been falling in the black market from the start of December as cash in the bank has been increasingly available and as dollar transaction directly from the banks have been on the rise with $1 being exchanged for Libyan nationals to LYD3.90.


The majority of civilian casualties were caused by shelling  ( seven deaths and eight injuries ) , followed by airstrikes  ( five deaths and one injury ) , gunfire  ( three deaths and five injuries ) , and explosive remnants of war  ( ERW, one death ) . The exact cause of another injury could not be established.


Many reports have disclosed before that the decision making in Tripoli is outside the hands of the Presidential Council and the GNA and it is solely controlled by the militias who are making decisions for the government in politics and in security as well as in economy.


The National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  recorded an average production of 1.107 million barrels per day in 2018 and total revenues of 24.4 billion USD – a five year high and 78% year on year increase.


• In the East, while the median price of cooking fuel  ( LPG )  remained unchanged, food and hygiene items decreased in price, by 4.3% and 2.3% respectively. In the South, the median price of cooking fuel dropped by 13.6% between November and December, notably in Brak. In the West, while food items decreased in price  (  2.3% ) , the median price of LPG and hygiene items rose by 5.0% and 12.3% respectively


Migrants and refugees interviewed by UNSMIL repeatedly emphasize their vulnerability to killings, extreme violence, torture, rape, and forced labour by smugglers or traffickers. They were systematically held captive in abusive conditions with the aim of extorting money from their families through a complex system of money transfers, extending to a number of countries. They were frequently “sold' from one criminal gang to another and asked to pay ransoms multiple times before being set free or taken to coastal areas to await the Mediterranean Sea crossing.


The escalation of fighting in Derna has reached unprecedented levels during the past week, with fighting further encroaching into densely populated areas. Since 16 May, at least 17 civilians, including two children, were killed and another 22, including seven children, were injured in the conduct of hostilities. The number of civilian casualties was the highest in the past two days, with seven killed and another seven injured on 30 May in an explosion as they were attempting to leave the city.


In Gaser Ben Gashir, UNHCR has been distributing relief items, providing psychosocial support and undertaking protection screening to identify and register those in need of international protection. Following this, UNHCR has identified a large number of unaccompanied children among the group. We are currently identifying the most vulnerable cases in order to find appropriate solutions for them. UNHCR believes that many refugees and migrants may still be hiding or in captivity in or near Bani Walid.


Until now, WFP's assistance has been through the provision of in kind food assistance. Each family receives two food parcels, enough to support five people for one month. The parcels consist of rice, pasta, wheat flour, chickpeas, vegetable oil, sugar and tomato paste. The food entitlements provide 75 percent  ( 1,530 kcal )  of daily energy requirements per person per day. WFP is using feedback of those who receive food parcels to revise the contents of the basket, which may subsequently change.


First, a partnership agreement was signed with the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  and the Libyan Ministry of Health to supervise the program. The shipments were delivered to the Ibn Sina Central Hospital and four main health centers in the downtown area. Also, a total of 45,500 units of insulin and 20,000 syringes were distributed to diabetic patients.


Sirte has struggled to rebuild before, after extensive fighting in the 2011 uprising against Muammar Gaddafi, who was born nearby and killed here. This time around, the destruction is worse. Yet locals say they've had even less help from Libya's competing governments and the international community.

Capacities & response->People reached/response gaps


As of 9 May, 6,340 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Libya by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG ) . During the reporting period, 1,167 individuals were mainly disembarked at Al Khums Port  ( 168 individuals ) , Azzawya  ( 96 individuals )  and the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 783 individuals ) . The boats departed from Zwara  ( 100 km west of Tripoli ) , Garabulli  ( 50 km east of Tripoli )  and Azzawya  ( 50 km west of Tripoli ) . UNHCR and its partners assisted those who disembarked with medical and humanitarian assistance at the ports and in the detention centres where they were then transferred to by the authorities.


As of 30 April, more than 1,300 persons of concern to UNHCR were disembarked in Libya in 2018. So far this year, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted 5,109 refugees and migrants in Libya. This represents an increase of 45.5% when compared to the same period last year  ( 3,509 individuals ) . A total of 3,347 rescue kits and 461 medical consultations were provided by UNHCR and IMC to those arriving at disembarkation points.


On May 1, the United Nations refugee agency UNHCR airlifted 88 people in need of international protection from Zuwara to another detention center in Tripoli in order to identify the most vulnerable individuals for potential evacuation abroad. The Libyan authorities have transferred some people to other detention centers in an attempt to reduce the extreme overcrowding, and the International Organization for Migration has started a process of "voluntary humanitarian return" for some detainees. However, there is no solution in sight for many of the estimated 800 people who remain in the detention center in Zuwara.


“Two children were killed in the southern part of Tripoli as a missile struck their house yesterday. This comes to add to the death toll of civilians as fighting escalated in Tripoli in the past three days.


Explosive remnants of war lead to devastating humanitarian consequences, causing injury, death and massive displacement of civilians across Libya. With limited resources, Libyan Security Institutions such as the National Safety Authority and Military Engineers carry out the critical and risky clearance work to reduce the impact of explosive remnants of war on civilians' lives.


 WHO continues the support of secondary health care services in Ghat hospital that started on November 2017 in collaboration with Tripoli Crisis Management Team. On 22 March 2018, a mobile team was deployed to Ghat Hospital in collaboration with MoH with the financial support of France Government, to deliver specialized health care such as Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics Gynecology, Orthopedics and General Surgery. Furthermore, primary health care  ( PHC )  services have been provided to Tawargha IDPs in Qararat Al Qatef through the makeshift clinic established in February 2018 with the support of WHO and the fund of UK Department for International Development  ( DFID ) . In Sirt, functionality of five health facilities continue to be restored by WHO with the collaboration of MoH and the financial support of the Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance  ( OFDA )  through deployed health staff providing primary and secondary health care services.


Following an appeal received from civil society in Ghat about death cases due to the lack of specialized health workforce, WHO supported the deployment of mobile medical teams to Ghat hospital in collaboration with Tripoli Crisis Management, with the generous funds from the government of France. Starting from November 2017, specialized consultations in Gynecology Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine and Surgery were provided to 6,620 people. Furthermore, 90 people benefited from surgery interventions and 52 women benefited from assisted delivery.


On 10 April, UNHCR participated in an inter agency mission to assess the conditions of IDPs and returnees living in Bani Walid. The mission also visited the Tawerghan informal settlement in Qararat al Qataf  ( east of Bani Walid ) . In Bani Walid, UN Agencies met with authorities and civil society organisations to discuss the needs of IDPs. The lack of proper educational infrastructure is a major concern for the community. To support the education sector, UNHCR will implement quick impact projects in the city, including the provision of desks for local schools to be able to accommodate additional students. In Qararat al Qataf, UNHCR and partners conducted group discussions with persons living in the settlement. Tawerghan IDPs expressed their desire to return home and called for additional support from the international community.


As part of efforts to enhance protection at sea in the context of mixed migration flows, UNHCR conducts regular capacity building activities on international humanitarian law and international refugee law for authorities, including the Libyan Coast Guard. UNHCR has established a forum on protection at sea, convening Libyan officials, civil society and national and international partners, with the aim of strengthening Libya's ability to respond to incidents at sea and to provide humanitarian assistance upon disembarkation.


BENGHAZI, Libya  ( Reuters )    Gunmen on Friday raided a town deep in Libya's southern desert, killing nine people and kidnapping several others, a resident said, with officials blaming the attack on the militant group Islamic State.


Amidst an increasingly volatile security situation in Tripoli, UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency successfully evacuated 135 people out of Libya to Niger on Tuesday night  ( 16 October ) .


Libya has restarted three small oil fields and added around 10,000 bpd to its oil production which has been steadily rising over the past two months a spokesman for Libya's National Oil Corporation  ( NOC )  told Reuters on Wednesday.


From Oct. 1 to Oct. 31, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya documented 10 civilian casualties: eight deaths and two injuries, during the conduct of hostilities across Libya,' the mission said in a report. “All victims were men,' it added.


The 16 workers were seized four days ago in Tobruk, in eastern Libya, by unknown gunmen after Libyan contractors accused a business partner from the same Egyptian village as the kidnapped men of fleeing the country after he stole 100,000 Libyan dinars  ( $72,000 ) .


"The army had been in contact with tribal elders and leaders. We gave enough time to resolve the problem, but the young people still had links with IS and al Qaida remnants," army spokesman Ahmad Mismari, said at a press conference later on Wednesday in the eastern city of Benghazi.

Context->Security & stability
Context->Politics


After over seven years of insecurity, and subsequent displacement, communities have begun to return to their homes in the surrounding areas. In recent months, and after the return of calm to the area, at least 100 families have permanently returned.


In June, an armed group attacked the eastern ports of Es Sider and Ras Lanuf, forcing NOC to declare for several weeks force majeure, a contractual waiver to clients.


In order to respond to the growing needs of vulnerable displaced women across Libya, UNHCR and UNFPA, with the support of German funding, are currently distributing 8,517 dignity and hygiene kits in 16 different locations in the areas of Tripoli, Misrata, Sabha, Nafusa Mountains, Bani Walid , Janzour , Ubari and Murzaq. The kits contain hygiene and sanitary items such as soap, shampoo, tooth brushes and toothpaste, as well as other items explicitly tailored towards the local needs of women and girls.


Between January and July 2018, IOM, the UN Migration Agency, safely returned 10,950 stranded migrants from Libya through its Voluntary Humanitarian Return  ( VHR )  Programme as the number of detainees in the country rose alarmingly. The majority of the migrants, 9,636, returned home to countries in Central and West Africa on IOM charter flights. A group of 325 people returned to East Africa and the Horn of Africa, and the remainder to North Africa and Asia.


The 65 foreign militants holed up in the mountains are from Egypt, Tunisia, Sudan and Yemen, wanted by security and legal agencies in their countries, said Mismari.


8 March 2018, Tunis, Tripoli – WHO delivered lifesaving anti retroviral  ( ARVs )  medicines for people living with HIV to the Benghazi Centre for Immunology and Infectious Diseases with support from the European Union.


In the latest incident for this year, on Tuesday 9 January, three rubber boats with 279 migrants  ( 19 women, 243 men, 13 boys and four girls )  were rescued by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( Watch video ) , whose rescue operation lasted at least 12 hours.


An estimated 1.3 million people   including 439,000 children – are in need of urgent humanitarian assistance in Libya.


In the same period, 5,000 children attended non formal education programmes, which consist of catch up classes to support out of school children to reintegrate into formal schooling, or remedial classes, which assist students to continue their formal education.


Through the installation and rehabilitation of latrines, drainage networks and fumigation campaigns, a total of 100,450 people gained access to improved sanitation facilities.


The Libyan Airlines said on its Facebook page that its talks with the government and the PC had failed to reach an exemption of the company from buying dollars for the new tax added prices  ( 3.90 dinars per one dollar. )


IOM charter flights are coordinated in cooperation with the Libyan authorities, embassies and consulates in countries of return along with IOM country offices and other international organizations. In addition, IOM has assisted a total of 1,314 migrants to return home from Libya on commercial flights in 2018 so far.


Leading causes of morbidity in week 14: Acute Upper Respiratory Infections  ( AURI )   ( n=4389; 10.04% of consultations number ) , Acute Lower Respiratory Infections  ( ALRI )   ( n=1552; 3.55% )  and acute diarrhea  ( AD )   ( n=1105; 2.53% )  remained the leading causes of morbidity this reporting week.


More than 1000 of the 1300 migrants evacuated from Libya are hosted by Niger and Karmen Sakhr, who oversees the North Africa unit at the UNHCRstates to the EU Observerthat the organisation: “were advised that until more people leave Niger, we will no longer be able to evacuate additional cases from Libya.'


In Libya, donors visited detention centres where IOM distributes humanitarian aid and provides support for the improvement of living conditions, while also providing protection assistance and offering voluntary humanitarian return support.


UNICEF calls upon all parties in Libya to uphold their obligations under international humanitarian law, to protect all civilians, including children and put an end to this kind of horror.


Three survivors said most of those who drowned were Pakistani nationals. Libyans were also aboard.


As of 27 September, the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  rescued/intercepted 13,575 refugees and migrants  ( 9,289 men, 2,085 women and 1,345 children )  at sea during 101 operations. Since the beginning of the year, 99 bodies were recovered in Libyan waters while 608 lives were lost at sea


The statement also said 103 injured people had left hospitals after treatment, adding that 16 people remain missing.


The cost of the main food commodities increased in May 2018 by 2% on national average, when compared to previous month. Food price are continued to be higher in south governorates of the country


“Men, women and children across Libya are arbitrarily detained or unlawfully deprived of their liberty based on their tribal or family links and perceived political affiliations.'


EU countries have wrangled over both reducing migrant numbers and deciding which countries are responsible for processing migrants on arrival.


Libya's vast and sparsely populated south is a haven for terrorists, sub Saharan rebel groups and smugglers, and locals regularly complain of government neglect. Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb is believed to have the bulk of their members who operate in Libya present in the region.


The news comes amid reports that some refugees and migrants held at Libyan detention centres are being driven to take their own lives. A young Eritrean man was reported to have attempted suicide earlier this week. Last month a Somali man at the same detention centre died after setting himself on fire.


But the number of mainly sub Saharan African migrants reaching Italy has fallen sharply since last July, when a major smuggling group in the Libyan coastal city of Sabratha struck a deal to halt departures under Italian pressure and was then forced out in clashes.


UNSMIL documented four additional casualties from other possible violations of international humanitarian law and violations or abuses of international human rights law in al Zawiya, Benghazi and Sabha.


While many have spontaneously returned to their homes, other IDP communities are unable or unwilling to return due to the destruction of their homes, insecurity and the lack of proper resources. For example, more than 40,000 IDPs from the Tawergha community, displaced since August 2011, remain scattered across Libya, in settlements and urban locations.


During visits to detention centres and interventions at disembarkation points, UNHCR is able to identify persons of concern and advocates with relevant Libyan authorities to ensure their release and referral to appropriate humanitarian services, including those provided at UNHCR's Community Development Centres in Tripoli. Since 2016, over 2,980 refugees and asylum seekers have been released from detention following UNHCR's interventions, with 983 released in 2018 alone.


"Ten bodies are reported to have washed up on Libyan shores," the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  said in a statement.


Unable to return home out of fear of persecution, and with very limited chances for resettlement to a third country, for most refugees and asylum seekers in detention centres in Libya their only option is to remain in detention, where they are exposed to grave abuses.


UNSMIL documented 11 additional casualties from other possible violations of international humanitarian law and violations or abuses of international human rights law in Ajilat, Derna, Misrata, Sabha and Tobruk.


Many are trapped in smuggling networks or detention centers where they are exposed to a range of abuses including rape and torture that have been widely documented by rights groups.


• Other initiatives ongoing include expanded support to other vulnerable population groups as well as a cash based transfer pilot.


UNHCR through its partner LibAid distributed winter relief items to over 2,370 IDPs and returnees in Benghazi. The distribution has comprised of heaters, blankets, hygiene kits, solar lamps, school bags and kitchen sets for families living in areas north of Benghazi.


On 9 February, two IEDs exploded inside the Sa'ad Ben ‘Ubada mosque in the neighbourhood of Majuri in Benghazi, leaving the imam of the mosque dead and another 116 civilians injured, including six boys aged between four and 12.


Approximately 250 migrants arrived to Sirt. Reported nationalities are Chad, Niger, Egypt and Sudan


UNICEF said 64,000 girls and boys received psychosocial support through community and school based child friendly spaces in the first half of 2018.


Funded by AICS and in collaboration with Helpcode, CCS is restoring four PHC centers in Ubari by the installation of bathrooms and showers, as well as electrical inverters to ensure constant electricity to delivery wards and emergency rooms.


The EU  funded WHO project “Strengthening Health Information System and Medical Supply Chain Management  ( SHAMS ) ' engaged with the Moroccan WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmacovigilance to conduct a capacity building workshop on the development of a national pharmacovigilance strategy in Libya. The newly established Libyan Pharmacovigilance department in the MoH attended the training which was held in Tunis between 26 and 30 March 2018.


IOM provided medical assistance to 5,083 migrants in 17 detention centers  ( DCs )  through regular visits by mobile medical teams to provide primary medical services and emergency services as well as referral to hospitals and clinics with arrangement of transportation. IOM works through implementing partners in some DCs, while in others local contracted doctors are used for this purpose.


In 18 baladiyas across the country it was reported that between only up to 20% of public hospitals were operational as can be seen in Figure 27.


So far in 2018, 3,441 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Libya by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG ) . A total of 1,745 individuals were disembarked in January, 711 in February and 785 in March. During the course of the week, a total of six disembarkations took place at the Tripoli Naval Base. A total of 585 individuals were disembarked, including women and children.


Three other men were taken to hospital because of weakness and malnutrition. In January, a three month old baby rescued by Proactiva died partly because of severe malnutrition, the group's medical coordinator, Guillermo Canardo, said.


Regular access to medicine was reported in only 4% of baladiyas  ( Alsharguiya, Arrajban, Bani Waleed and Tajoura ) . In 95% of baladiyas it was reported that there was no regular access to medicine as shown in Figure 25. The level of access to medicine was unknown in the remaining 1%  ( Taraghin ) .


The main factor driving the initial displacement of the majority of IDPs was the threat or fear from general conflict and armed group presence  ( Figure 3 ) . This driver accounted for 93% of IDPs. 5% of IDPs were mainly displaced due to other security related issues such as political affiliation, and the remaining 2% were displaced due to economic factors.


In coordination with UN agencies and partners, UNHCR is responding to the needs of some 5,000 internally displaced persons  ( IDP )  from Tawergha who recently attempted to return to their hometown


NFI prices fell in the east and west, rose in the south Like food items, the vast majority of non food items are imported. NFIs have thus fallen in price since January  ( –10.0% ) . Broken down by region, a decrease was found in the east  ( –8.9% )  and west  ( –15.4% ) , while NFI prices rose in the south  ( +11.9% ) . Since NFIs are not perishable and are easy to store in large quantities, it is likely that traders have drawn from their stocks rather than relied on recent imports. The exchange rate drop has therefore not yet translated into a substantial reduction in NFI prices across the whole country.


The International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  assisted 15,000 migrants to return to their homes from Libya through the voluntary humanitarian returns programme, with the support of the European Union and the active cooperation of the African Union. On its side, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )  has evacuated over 1,300 refugees from Libya. This fulfils the targets announced at the Taskforce meeting by High Representative/Vice President Mogherini, African Union Commissioner El Fadil, IOM Director General Swing and UNHCR Assistant High Commissioner Türk on 14 December 2017.


Between 3 and 25 February, clashes in Sabha between Awlad Suleiman and Tabu tribal armed groups claimed at least six civilian lives and nine civilian injuries. The use of indiscriminate fire in densely populated areas led to civilian casualties. Snipers also apparently targeted civilians and civilian vehicles. Civilians came under fire while at home, on the road and even at the hospital. Victims included civilians of Arab, Tabu and Tuareg origins. Civilian casualties included a woman injured in the stomach, reportedly by sniper fire, while travelling in a car with relatives on 3 February. On 4 February, at least two civilian men were killed and another injured when their homes in the Tayouri area were shelled, apparently by mortars. On 16 February, the body of an unidentified woman bearing a gunshot wound to the head was found near the al Seif roundabout. On 19 February, a 70 year old man sustained fatal shrapnel wounds to the chest when his home was shelled. Documented incidents also include the injury of a 25 year old woman and her seven year old daughter on 24 February in the shelling the Tayouri area. On 24 February, a woman sustained a minor injury to the leg when a minibus carrying medical personnel to the Sabha Medical Centre came under fire near the area of Qorda. On 24 February, a 15 year old girl died from injuries sustained earlier that day after the car she was travelling in came under fire near the Sabha Medical Centre. The sources of fire could not be determined, while rivals traded accusations over the use of snipers to target civilian vehicles. On 28 February, a civilian man was shot dead while in his car in the area of Tayouri, while another civilian man was injured by gunfire in the area of al Nasriya. On the same day, a 12 year old boy was injured by a stray bullet, while on the rooftop of his house in the area of Qorda.


The Libyan Coast Guard reported Wednesday that up to 100 migrants remain missing in the third deadly shipwreck on the Mediterranean Sea since Saturday. Now, barely a week into the New Year there already are reports of close to 200 migrants or refugees dead or missing on the Central Mediterranean route.


UNICEF's national partners continue to provide emergency education interventions in Benghazi, and as a result, a total of 4,802 children  ( 2,425 boys and 2,395 girls )  attended catch up classes during the reporting period. UNICEF is scaling up its partnerships to outreach for more children through catch up classes and recreational programmes.


In 2017, UNICEF LCO and partners provided 30,394 children  ( 16,607 girls )  with community and school based psychosocial support and 1,393 children survivors of Gender based Violence  ( 726 girls )  received specialized services in Janzour, Zintan, Sebha, Benghazi, Sebratha, AlZawiya, Ghat, and Ubari. In Alzintan, UNICEF LCO partner Elssafa Centre for Mental Health supported 5,456 children with gender sensitive psychosocial support services in schools and community, treated 714 children  ( 274 female )  who suffered from behavioral problems and psychological disorders and referred 539 children with specific needs to public hospitals, institutions, and specialized centers. With the support of the Zintan Municipal Council, UNICEF LCO supported the release and reintegration of a total of 125 boys associated with armed groups.


UNICEF LCO continue to strengthen the immunization system in Libya, in 2017, UNICEF LCO procured 400 cold boxes and vaccine carriers, 550 ice lined refrigerators with voltage regulators for utilization in health facilities all over the country


The situation is worse still for migrants, mostly from sub Saharan Africa. Some arrive in the capital after long treks through the desert hoping to buy a place on a boat to Europe, while others are simply desperate for any work they can find.


Total resettlement processing in Libya and Niger  ( Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 )  Since 1 September 2017, a total of 3,608 individuals have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 1,489 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 548 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,251 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


Resettlement processing of evacuees from Libya in Niger  ( Group 2 + 3 )  Since 1 September 2017, 1,601 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 11 resettlement States  ( Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States ) . A total of 974 individuals have departed on resettlement from Niger to Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 285 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Niger to Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 222 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement country in Niger.


As of 22 November, the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  rescued/intercepted 14,595 refugees and migrants  ( 10,184 men, 2,147 women and 1,408 children )  during 112 sea operations. The majority of individuals who disembarked in Libya are Sudanese  ( 1,985 individuals ) , Nigerian  ( 1,839 individuals )  and Eritrean  ( 1,542 individuals ) . Since the beginning of the year, the highest number of individuals disembarked in Tripoli  ( 9,295 individuals ) , Alkhums  ( 2,784 individuals ) , Zawia  ( 1,464 individuals ) , Zwara  ( 675 individuals ) , Tajoura  ( 129 individuals )  and Sabratha  ( 128 individuals ) . UNHCR and its partner International Medical Corps continue to provide core relief items and medical assistance both at the disembarkation points and in the detention centres to which individuals are subsequently transferred by the authorities.

nigerian sudanese libyan niger sudan libya eritrea


Tripoli, 24 November 2018  The United Nations Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  condemns the deadly terrorist attack on Tezirbu, an oasis in the southeast of Libya, 250 kilometers northwest of Kufra. The Friday attack on the Tezirbu police station, which local authorities say was carried out by ISIL, resulted in at least eight civilians killed, nine injured, three abducted and nine still missing and believed to be kidnapped.


As of 4 October, the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  rescued/intercepted 13,898 refugees and migrants  ( 9,560 men, 2,118 women and 1,364 children )  at sea during 104 operations. This is an increase of 12.3% compared to the same period in 2017. Since the beginning of the year, 99 bodies were recovered in Libyan waters while 608 lives were lost at sea. Most of the individuals disembarked were Nigerian  ( 1,830 individuals ) , Sudanese  ( 1,765 individuals )  and Eritrean  ( 1,532 individuals ) .


Le 14 juin : Des tireurs ouvrent le feu sur un véhicule près de la localité de Tcholori dans la région de Diffa, au Niger, tuant un travailleur humanitaire et un autre civil.


A cela  [ construction des cliniques mobiles ]  s'ajoutent la mise en place de latrines d'urgence dans les sites, la distribution d'eau potable là où cela est nécessaire.


With the support of ECHO and flexible donors such as USA, France, Luxembourg, Canada and Monaca, UNHCR and partners conduct protection monitoring activities in areas where refugees and internally displaced persons are settled.


Le taux de prévalence de la malnutrition aigue globale s'élève à 6,5% sur l'ensemble de la région  [ de Niamey ] .


Avec l'appui de l'Agence française de développement  ( AFD ) , de l'Unicef et du Partenariat mondial pour l'éducation, les autorités lancent un plan de soutien au secteur


[ acteurs de protection ]  Sensibiliser la communauté sur l'importance de la prise en charge psychosociale à base communautaire.


Améliorer l'accès aux services de base des personnes à besoin spécifique


70% des ménages  [ de Zinder ]  rapportent avoir diminué la quantité consommée durant les repas


Respect des distances de sécurité d'au moins 1 mètre entre les personnes


[ acteurs WASH ]  Renforcer les capacités des points d'eau existants afin de solutionner le problème d'accès à l'eau


Tassak : 172 personnes touchées dont, 54 hommes, 97 femmes, 10 garçons et 11 filles  [ par la session de sensibilisation ]


Activités de mobilisation communautaire  [ menés par PUI ]  : 9 séances de sensibilisation dont 2 sur la COVID 19 et 79 entretiens individuels avec la participation de 125 PDI


[  Cluster Santé ]  Renforcer le partage d'information sur l'accès aux soins et au produit pharmaceutique et assurer la prise en charge complète des cas de malade.


Ainsi, la région de Tahoua 73 incidents  [ de protection ]  en novembre contre 58 en décembre et la région de Tillabéri 63 incidents en novembre contre 53 en décembre.


Appui en identification thématiques par zone aux comités villageois genre pour l'organisation des dialogues communautaires  ( 80 )


ACF : Une évaluation multisectorielle  ( MSA )  a été effectuée à Tillia au profit de 73 ménages déplacés internes


continuer l'identification et la prise en charge des éventuels PBS  [ personnes à besoins spécifiques ]  sur le site


Décembre 2017 : Suite aux attaques répétées des groupes armés non étatiques dans la région de Tillabéri, des mouvements de populations sont observés dans 4 départements de la région de Tillabéri  ( Banibangou, Ayerou, Ouallam et Abala ) .

Displacement->Type/numbers/movements
Context->Security & stability


[ VBG : Recommandations / Acteurs de protection ]  Faire un plaidoyer pour l'inscription des filles à l'écoles afin de les aider à s'émanciper.


[ Protection de l'enfant ]  L'école de Sanguérawa ne dispose pas de dispositif de lave main ; ce qui rend le maintien de la propreté des mains des enfants un peu compliqué en ce temps de pandémie liée au coronavirus.


Dans la région de Tahoua, les extorsions de biens à travers les prélèvements forcés de la zakat et les violences perpétrées à l'endroit de la population civile mettent à mal la coexistence pacifique dans les départements de Tillia et Tassara comme l'illustre cet affrontement entre des GANE avec des membres d'une communauté suite à un prélèvement forcé de la zakat ayant entrainé la mort de sept  ( 07 )  personnes dans la localité d'Attambo dans le département de Tillia près de la frontière avec le Mali, le 20 décembre 2020.


Sur la bande frontalière avec le Mali, trois  ( 03 )  cas de VBG ont été identifiés au cours du monitoring de protection du mois de décembre 2020 dans les départements de Filingue, Abala et Ouallam  ( région de Tillabéri ) .


11 ménages de 62 individus dont six  ( 6 )  femmes chefs de ménages en provenance de Tchioma Bangou dans la commune de Tondikiwindi département de Ouallam ont été enregistrés sur le site de Ouallam.


Distribution de 1 917 kits NFI aux déplacés de Toumour installés à Djori Koulo Distribution de 1 912 kits NFI à Toumour


Selon le cluster national pour l'Education, depuis le début de l'année scolaire 2018  2019, 30 écoles sont restées fermées dans la région de Diffa  [ à cause de l'insécurité ] . Il s'agit de 28 écoles non relocalisées depuis 2015 et qui sont demeurées fermées en plus de deux autres écoles ayant été relocalisées mais qui n'ont pas pu fonctionner à cause des attaques des groupes armés non étatiques, privant ainsi de nombreux enfants dont des réfugiés et des PDI du droit d'aller à l'école. Situées dans les départements de Bosso, Diffa, Nguigmi et Mainé Soroa, ces écoles font partie des 151 écoles fermées en février 2015 et dont la plupart avait été relocalisées par les autorités


Selon les résultats de l'enquête nationale de Nutrition réalisée en Octobre 2018, la prévalence nationale de Malnutrition Aigüe Globale  ( MAG )  est égale à 15.0% alors que celle de Malnutrition Aiguë Sévère  ( MAS )  se situe à 3,2%. Trois régions, Maradi, Tahoua et Zinder, présentent une situation particulièrement préoccupante avec des prévalences de MAG au delà du seuil de 15% défini par l'OMS comme seuil de sévérité critique et des prévalences de MAS égales ou au  delà de 3.5%.


A l'instar des autres régions du pays, la région de Tillaberi est concernée par la pandémie du COVID19. Une deuxième vague de cette pandémie entre novembre 2020 et février 2021 semble être plus importante que la première au regard des statistiques dressées quotidiennement par les autorités sanitaires du pays. Ayorou fait partie des zones ayant enregistré des pics de cas positifs de cette nouvelle vague de contamination du virus marquée par l'augmentation des cas communautaires. Cette situation de flambée des cas COVID 19 a amené les autorités à rendre obligatoire le respect strict des mesures barrières.


L'offre de céréales sèches locales et importés va évoluer à la baisse par rapport à l'année passée et à la moyenne à cause de la faiblesse des flux du Nigeria consécutive à la dépréciation du naira et la baisse estimée de la production dans le nord du Nigeria. L'offre continuera d'être en dessous de la demande à cause d'une production locale stable contre une demande atypiquement élevé. De plus, les couts élevés d'importation sur le marché international consécutifs aux mesures restrictives liés au COVID 19 pourraient contribuer à diminuer l'offre qui sera surtout réduite dans les zones soumises aux conflits et à l'insécurité des régions de Diffa, Tillabery et Tahoua.


Les offres de céréales locales sont moyennes et sont constituées aussi bien de céréales que de produits de rente en majorité provenant de la production locale, sauf dans les zones déficitaires où les céréales importées surtout le maïs et sur certains marchés le sorgho dominent. Toutefois l'offre de céréales importés sont en dessous de la moyenne suite aux perturbations de flux et à la baisse de production au Nigeria. La demande locale des ménages est moyenne et suit la tendance saisonnière, mais celle des commerçants et des institutions est plus forte que la moyenne à cause de l'épuisement des stocks suite aux opérations menées pour faire face aux effets des multiples chocs enregistrés l'année passée.


Mettre en place le mécanisme de gestion et de traitement des plaintes et feedbacks au niveau de site.


Les déplacés ont relevé le fait que leurs mouvements sont limités par le système de jeton unique par ménage instauré par les FDS et conditionnant l'accès au site. [ sur le site des déplacés de Gamou ]


L'assurance de l'existence de mécanismes de protection et de redevabilité sur le site  [ opération de coordination entre le cluster protection et les membres du site de Gamou ]


Poursuivre des audiences foraines pour la délivrance de pièces d'état civil aux déplacés pour faciliter la poursuite des études et/ ou l'inscription des nouveaux enfants dans les écoles.


Sur les 3 sites précités  [ Bankata  ( 20 ménages )   Garbangou  ( 21 ménages )  et Hamdallaye  ( 23 ménages )   ]  ou les déplacés ont déjà construit des abris, généralement des cases construites avec un mur en banco surmontées d'un toit en secco. Quelques ménages ont même payé des terrains pour construire leurs propres maisons.


Dans la région du Sahel, le GHRP couvre Niger ayant un Plan de réponse humanitaire  ( HRP )  en cours.


Incidents de protection de Tillabéri et Tahoua : • 127 incidents de protection pour ce mois de janvier 2021, dont 50 dans la région de Tillabéri et 77 dans la région de Tahoua ; • 270 victimes pour ce mois de janvier 2021, avec 177 pour la région de Tillabéri et 93 pour Tahoua


Lancement des travaux de branchement des deux écoles de N'guel Kollo à la mini AEP du village. Cette activité permettra l'accès à l'eau potable à 561 élèves des écoles concernées à savoir l'école traditionnelle et l'école franco arabe


Sensibilisation via les volontaires CRN sur les mesures barrières contre COVID19 au CSI d'Ayorou et au CHR  [ par le CICR ]


La dotation du CHR de Tillabeyi en produits alimentaires d'une valeur de 3 475 000 FCFA, composés de : 40 Sac de Riz de 25Kg ; 30 Sac de Mil 50kg ; 30 Sac de Maïs 50 Kg ; 50 cartons de Pâte alimentaire de 24 sachets ; 5 bidons d'Huile de 25 litres ; 10 sacs de Haricot de 25 kg ; 5 sacs de sucre de 25 kg  [ donné par Save the children international ]


Moreover, the global sanitary crisis and the measures taken by the Government to limit the propagation of the virus has heavily impacted on the operational context, delaying assistance and limiting livelihood opportunities.


[ cluster WASH ]  Faciliter l'accès à l'eau aux déplacés du site afin de prévenir les maladies et aussi d'éviter le parcours des longues distances pour la recherche qui pourrait les exposer à des problèmes


[ Direction régionale de l'état civil ]  Organiser des audiences foraines pour la délivrance de pièces d'état civil à tous les nouveaux déplacés


[ cluster WASH ]  Installer les dispositifs de lavage des mains sur le site.


Les données MSNA montrent que les ménages  [ de Tahoua ]  réfugiés semblent être dans une situation plus critique que les autres groupes de population.


64% des ménages  [ de Tahoua ]  ont rapporté avoir consommé des aliments moins préférés ou moins chers.


Les options de réponses « retirer les enfants de l'école », « se séparer d'un enfant le confiant à quelqu'un d'autre », « se séparer d'un enfant en le mariant », « vendre la maison » ont été sélectionnées par moins de 1% des ménages  [ de Maradi ]  interrogés.


60% des ménages  [ de Dosso ]  ont rapporté avoir diminué la quantité consommée pendant les repas.


Intégrer de manière systématique les sensibilisations sur la prévention du COVID 19 dans toute activité de distribution.  [ recommandation pour le cluster WASH Niger ]


Si les rencontres physiques s'imposent, privilégier les séances de sensibilisation individuelle, par ménage ou par petits groupes de moins de 10 personnes tout en respectant la distance de sécurité de 1m mètre minimum entre les personnes. Intégrer les messages de prévention du COVID 19 à toutes les activités de promotion de l'hygiène en cours.  [ recommandation pour le cluster WASH Niger ]


[ Les recommandations sont résumées comme suit ] Continuer l'appui technique et financier


[ FAO ]  Une formation d'agents de base d'agriculture sur l'impact agricole des inondations a été dispensée par une mission venue de Niamey. En tout, 7 agents de base des communes d'Abalak, Tabalak, Bagaroua, Konni, Illéla, Bangui et Tchintabaraden ont bénéficié de cette formation


La non prise en charge des cas de viols et autres agressions sexuelles avec risques de grossesses non désirés, infanticides, homicides, contraction de maladies sexuellement transmissibles, VIH/sida  [ risques si il y a une faible capacité pour répondre aux besoins des survivantes de VBG ]


Outre le mauvais état des routes surtout pendant la saison des pluies qui entrainent l'impraticabilité de certains axes, les contraintes d'accès  [ qui affectent l'accès humanitaire ]  résultent principalement des multiples incursions de groupes armés non étatiques sur le territoire nigérien, des conflits intercommunautaires, des conflits entre agriculteurs et éleveurs, les menaces dirigées contre la population civile  ( pillage, expulsions, etc. )  ainsi que l'Etat d'urgence déclaré dans certains départements des régions de Diffa, Tillaberi et Tahoua.


La note du Ministère des affaires étrangères sur les escortes continue d'impacter l'accès pour les agences UN qui restent toujours en standby.


L'analyse de ces attaques  [ de bandits armés ]  révèle que 07  ( 63,63% )  ont eu lieu dans le département de Madarounfa et 4  ( 36,37% )  dans celui de Guidan Roumdji.


Continuer l'opération de plaidoyer conformément à la stratégie CRRF afin de favoriser l'inclusion des personnes d'intérêt dans les plans et programmes nationaux  [ Pour ce qui est des populations réfugiées, les actions requises sont  ]


En avril 2020, sur recommandation de l'EHP, un document sur des procédures Opérationnelles Standardisées  ( SOPs )  a été élaboré et mis à la disposition de la communauté humanitaire et du gouvernement.  [ concernant le respect des mesures barrières contre le COVID ]


De plus, le manque d'assistance risquerait d'accélérer la liquidation des avoirs relatifs aux moyens d'existence des populations en insécurité alimentaire, ce qui engendrerait une augmentation de la vulnérabilité structurelle et chronique.


La vaste étendue du territoire nigérien, l'impraticabilité de certains axes, l'insécurité dans plusieurs régions où les besoins humanitaires sont les plus conséquents et l'inexistence d'un service aérien national répondant aux normes établies par l'IATA  ( International Air Transport Association )  et par l'aviation des Nations Unies  ( UNAVSTAD ) , rendent l'accès difficile à certaines parties du pays


Les coûts ont été calculés de manière estimative, sur la base des coûts connus des programmes, concernant les intrants divers  ( intrants nutritionnels et alimentaires, médicaments pour traiter les complications de la MAS, matériels et petits équipements   par exemple les rubans de périmètre brachial etc. ) , leur achemine  ment, les coûts d'enquête, de supervision, de suivi et d'évaluation des programmes, des activités de formation et de promotion, ainsi que les coûts de ressources humaines et de coordination sectorielle  [ méthodologie de calcul des coûts ]


L'ignorance des dangers liés à l'exposition aux EEI et aux REG et la non actualisation de la cartographie des zones à risque accentuent la vulnérabilité de la population civile et les exposent aux risques d'incidents de protection  ( blessures, homicides ) , et entravé l'accès à l'aide humanitaire.


Le coût par activité est obtenu à partir de la multipli  cation de coût du kit par le nombre de bénéficiaires ciblés auquel 45%, correspondant au coût consensuel de réalisation  ( staff, logistique, main d'œuvres pour la distribution etc. )  ont été ajoutés.  [ méthodologie de calcul des coûts ]


l'utilisation des escortes armée/ militaires en dernier recours et sous des circonstances exceptionnelles, dans des zones bien définies et pour une durée limitée


Faire le suivi et la gestion des cas de protection. [ Pour ce qui est des populations réfugiées, les actions requises sont  ]


The presence of armed groups across the border has caused movements of a few thousand citizens from Burkina Faso into Niger.


In Tahoua, UNHCR organized a training on registration for the National Eligibility Commission, responsible for refugee matters. They have proceeded to the renewal of 5 622 refugee attestations and 3 633 refugee identity cards. Moreover, 640 refugee attestations have been renewed in Ayorou, 25 in Abala and 6 in Ouallam. Finally, 708 refugee identity cards and 8 birth certificates have been given to refugees living in the Tillabery region.


84% des ménages  [  a Diffa ]  ont rapporté avoir consommé des céréales chaque jour de la semaine précédant l'enquête et 62% des ménages ont consommé des légumineuses au moins 3 jours au cours de la semaine. 41% n'avaient pas consommé de viande du tout au cours de cette semaine.


Les réponses de l'Etat et des partenaires au 28 Septembre 2020 comprennent :  300 kits NFI distribués par Save the Children aux sinistrés de la ville de Diffa.  89 kits NFI distribués par le Ministère de l'Action Humanitaire et de gestion des catastrophes pour les sinistrés de la ville de Diffa.  400 kits abris distribués par l'OIM.  336 kits NFI distribués par IRC aux sinistrés de Dassa  ( Chétimari ) , Maîné Soroa et Abadjiadjiri.  15,4 tonnes de vivres distribués par l'Etat aux sinistrés des villes de Diffa, Bosso et Dassa  ( Chétimari ) .


En termes de besoins non couverts, on note : 833 kits NFI, 1 726 kits abris et environ 93,2 tonnes de vivres à rechercher.


La question des escortes résultant de la note verbale du Ministre des affaires étrangères a fortement impacté sur les activités des agences des Nations Unies qui ont dû suspendre leurs activités en attendant d'avoir plus de clarification des hautes autorités par rapport à cette note verbale. Toutefois, les ONGs Internationales ont continué leurs activités sur le terrain sans aucun obstacle.


Assistance alimentaire : Distribution des vivres à 1 650 ménages très pauvres et 570 ménages ayant fait des mouvements suites à des chocs.


The escalating conflict in Mali and Burkina Faso since the end of 2018 led to an increase in the influx of refugees, with the number of Malians reaching 58 000 by the end of the year. There were 119 500 Nigerian refugees in Diffa and 44 800 in Maradi, the latter as a result of community tensions in Zamfara and Sokoto states in Nigeria  ( UNHCR, December 2019 ) .


Environ 6 ménages sur 10, ne peuvent couvrir leurs besoins alimentaires que pour « 3 mois ». La sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle  ( SAN )  reste ainsi aujourd'hui un défi important au Niger, dans ses quatre dimensions : disponibilité, accès, utilisation et stabilité.


Le patrimoine routier est passé de 11 560 km en 1990 à 19 267 km en 2011. Le réseau aménagé est passé de 8 703 km en 1990 à 11 074 km en 2011 soit une progression de 27,24%. Par ailleurs, le Niger compte actuellement trois aéroports internationaux  ( Niamey, Zinder, Agadez ) , des aérodromes dans les chefs lieux des régions  ( Diffa, Tahoua, Maradi et Tillabéri )  ainsi que des pistes d'atterrissage. Au total, le pays dispose de 54 points d'entrée aériens et terrestres.


Le 22 mai, 211 sujets dont 180 des sujets confinés à l'Hôtel Gaweye de Niamey de retour de voyage ont été prélevés et testés parmi lesquels aucun cas positifs n'a été enregistré.


[ Problématiques de protection recensées en 2020 ]  Coexistence pacifique : Conflit autour des ressources naturelles / Occupation irrégulière de maisons / Faible/Manque des documents de sécurisation foncière.