[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of non  IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 24% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 11% ) .


[ Recommendations: Capacity building for child protection cadre/workers ] Service mapping and awareness raising on sexual violence.

Priority interventions->Expressed by humanitarian staff


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Education LSGs were found to be primarily driven by Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for boys  ( 79% )  , Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for girls  ( 77% ) .


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  90% of the household found with WASH living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 11% found to be very extremely+ severe, 34% extreme severe, 45% severe, 8% stress, 2% no or minimal.


The exchange rate of local currency vs USD slightly appreciated in most markets compared to last week. For instance, in Hargeisa, the exchange rate between local currency and USD decreased from 8,500 to 8,490 SL SH. per USD


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  10% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 5% found to be extreme+ severe, 2% extreme, 3% severe, 67% stress, 23% no or minimal.


[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  96% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 94% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 2% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 4% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  1% and 0% of households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported their property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported types of education facilities attended were Primary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 32% ) , Quranic school for boys  ( 26% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 21% )  and Secondary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 11% ) .


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  19% and 22% of households of IDP settlement and Non IDP settlement reported all school aged children in their household who were previously attending school are continuing learning activities remotely since schools have been closed.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Education LSGs were found to be primarily driven by Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for boys  ( 80% )  , Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for girls  ( 81% ) .

Impact->Impact on systems, services and networks


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 53% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 32% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 35% ) .


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment were Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 51% ) , Did not get access to qualified health staff at the health facility  ( 15% ) , have not tried to access medical services  ( 14% ) .


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  60% households with a vulnerable primary income earner


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  28% households with at least one pregnant and/or lactating woman.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  19% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 47% and 15% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively.


Health: Most commonly reported types of health services available from the assessed settlements reporting access were drugstore  ( 66% ) , clinic  ( 11% ) , individual practice  ( 17% ) .


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  6% and 8% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in their community in the 30 days prior to data collection.

Humanitarian conditions->Physical and mental well being


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  25% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 2% found to be extreme severe, 3% extreme, 20% severe, 37% stress, 38% no or minimal.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  23% of Households of IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status while 38% of Households of non IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status.


Provision of legal aid, including counselling and representation in relation to evictions and other Housing, land and property  ( HLP )  specific cases.

Capacities & response->International response


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water by household were water points are too far  ( 25% ) , Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for people with disabilities )   ( 25% ) , insufficient number of water points / waiting time at water points ( 21% ) .


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 29% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 25% ) .


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  9% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 90% ) , physically unable to access distribution points  ( 14% ) .


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 27% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 7% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 76% ) .


Children with disabilities often struggle to access education in Somalia. There are inadequate resources for the schools and child protection facilities to install ramps for wheelchairs, transport services for those who struggle with mobility, and ‘disability friendly' learning resources and study spaces.There are also very few teachers and child protection staff who have had adequate training in how to incorporate children with disabilities into classroom learning and social services. Inability to access education for children with disabilities is a protection concern as they are unable to benefit from the protective elements of access to schools.


Food insecurity and school disruptions contributed to the increase of Female genital mutilation ( FGM )  and GBV incidence in the period of COVID 19 in some regions in Somalia. Major reasons adduced for an increase in Female genital mutilation ( FGM )  include closure of schools  ( 39 per cent )  and a source of income for Traditional Birth Attendants  ( 28 per cent ) .


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported types of education facilities attended were Primary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 58% ) , Quranic school for boys  ( 13% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 14% )  and Secondary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 16% ) .


There are over 6,900 children associated with armed forces and groups who require highly specialized protection and rehabilitation services as well as reintegration support.


Past trends show when two consecutive rainy seasons in Somalia perform poorly or fail, rapid and large scale deterioration in acute food insecurity can occur, for example in 2010/2011 and more recently 2016/2017. As a result, a high proportion of the population that is projected to be Stressed in terms of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 2 )  in October December 2020 could deteriorate to Crisis levels  ( IPC Phase 3 )  in early 2021.


The security situation has not changed significantly over the last year. Monitoring data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project  ( ACLED )  indicates a total of 2,423 incidents leading to 3,122 fatalities across Somalia in 2020.


Potential socio economic risks in 2021 continue to include an anticipated decline in livestock exports, lower labour demand a decline in external remittance flows into Somalia, and above average imported staple food prices.


As such, displaced households are more vulnerable and less resilient to the impact of shocks and tend to resort faster to negative coping strategies, which contributes significantly to their high severity of humanitarian need.


Particularly high population density, prevalent in most IDP sites in Somalia, is also a key factor in communicable disease transmission, increasing the infection risks of COVID 19, cholera and polio.


Despite challenges, humanitarian partners continue to reach people in need across Somalia. During 2020, 2.3 million people  ( 87 per cent )  out of a targeted 3 million were reached with assistance.


Strengthening of community based protection mechanism by Protection Cluster partners. Total reached 310 individuals  ( 77 women, 155 men, 78 boys )


In this context the COVID 19 pandemic poses serious concern considering the high level of vulnerability across the country. Somalia reported its first case of COVID 19 in March 2020. Since then, 4,445 cases with 113 deaths had been confirmed as of 21 November 2020.Four per cent  ( 198 cases )  of the cases were reported among health workers, negatively impacting response efforts amid already limited healthcare services in the country.


The influx of displaced people from rural areas also increases the risk of localized conflicts and social exclusion, aggravated by increased competition for livelihoods in urban settings.


In 2021, Somalia is expected to continue facing significant humanitarian challenges. An estimated 5.9 million people are expected to be in need of humanitarian assistance.


2020 has been a year that witnessed an increase in incidents of gender based violence against women and girls due to the restrictions imposed by the Government due to the COVID 19 pandemic in addition to the persistent communal conflicts, armed conflicts, and natural disasters including droughts and floods. Isolation, loss of livelihoods due to closure of business, disruptions in school calendars, and limitations of movement are associated with an increase in sexual violence, intimate partner violence and female genital mutilation among children, adolescent girls and women.


According to the results of 36 separate nutrition surveys conducted by FSNAU and partners in November and December 2020, the overall median Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  in Somalia remained Serious, indicated by weight for height z score of 10 14.9 percent or by a mid upper arm circumference below 125 mm of 5 9.9 percent. The drivers of acute malnutrition include high morbidity, low immunization, and vitamin A supplementation, reduced access to milk, and food insecurity.


Based on the results of household surveys and field assessments conducted in November and December 2020, approximately 1.6 million people face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse outcomes in the presence of planned and likely humanitarian assistance during the January March 2021 period. An additional 2.5 million people are Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) , bringing the total number of people experiencing acute food insecurity to 4.1 million.


Humanitarian assistance must be sustained through mid 2020 to prevent Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  conditions for 2.7 million people across Somalia. Livelihoods support is also required for people that have been classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  or worse


Lifesaving curative and preventive services have been implemented at scale throughout 2020. Large scale and sustained humanitarian assistance and government support have contributed to preventing the worsening of food insecurity and malnutrition conditions across many parts of Somalia.


Between July and December 2020, approximately 661,000 people were newly displaced, mainly due to floods  ( 69% ) , insecurity/conflict  ( 14% ) , and lack of livelihoods  ( 14% ) . Most of these displacements occurred in Hiran, Lower Shabelle, Middle Shabelle, and Bay regions.


From January to December 2021,838,900 number of 6 59 months children were projected to be acutely malnourished and are in need of treatment. Among them, 143,200 were projected to be Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  , 695,700 to be Moderate Acute Malnutrition  ( MAM )  and 838,900 to be Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  .


Water and pasture resources are getting depleted in most of the affected pastoral areas leading to abnormal migration of livestock and communities.


LIVELIHOODS/PASTORALISM: However, 100% of respondents from Badhan, Dhahar and Erigavo identified pasture depletion as occurring where 89% of respondents from Badhan estimated proportion of pasture that was depleted as being between 50 75% over what was available the previous year. Respondents from Dhahar and Erigavo cited the same percentage of depletion among 67% and 83% of respondents respectively with two  ( 2 )  respondents in these areas placing pasture depletion at 75% to 100%.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  16% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 3% found to be extreme severe, 3% extreme, 10% severe, 62% stress, 22% no or minimal.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 50% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 35% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 27% ) .


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 45% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 34% ) .


The latest donation, consisting of three large isolation/treatment medical tents, 50,000 face shields and 10,000 pairs of gloves, is part of UNHCR's ongoing efforts to support the government of Somalia in curbing the spread of COVID 19.


The cholera alert was captured through the early warning and alert response network  ( EWARN ) , a disease surveillance system for epidemic prone disease that is implemented in Somalia to ensure timely alerts to detect, prevent and respond to disease outbreaks.


The price of fodder increased in riverine livelihood zone due to high demand resulting from the effects of Jilaal season. For instance, Doolow and BeletHawo, one bundle of fodder is $1.5 while and, in Luuq, it is $1.2. In addition, some locations in Gedo received rain this week.


In Xudur town, blockades by insurgents  ( A.S )  remain in place leading to scarcity of food items and economic activities in the town are very low due to poor livestock market and restricted movement of people. Imported food items increased by 10% to 13% and local cereals increased by 2% to 8%, fuel prices remain the same as last week and is very high.


In comparison with the previous quarter, total imports in the Bossaso port appeared to decline throughout the last quarter of 2020. The decline has intensified in the last two months of the year, until it reached its lowest point of the whole year in December.


Explosive Hazards: HRP identified 0.9million people in need of protection from explosive hazards and targeted 0.3 million people to provide protection response. There are 5 partners and 2 project working for protection from explosive hazard.

Humanitarian conditions
Capacities & response


The COVID 19 pandemic places the population at increased risk and stresses the capacity of the healthcare system.


Food insecurity is expected to worsen in 2021 across Somalia, over 2.6million people across Somalia are expected to face crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity by mid 2021. Among them 2.2M and 0.4M are expected to face IPC3 and IPC4 respectively.


Cyclone Gati, the strongest storm to hit Somalia, made landfall in late November  ( 2020 ) , again creating conducive Desert Locust breeding conditions. New Desert Locust swarms started forming in central regions in early December and moved to southern areas at the end of 2020.


The Government of Somalia, with support from WHO, UNICEF and partners, is also working on ways to provide vaccines for rest of its population.


Shelter: KIs from 45% of assessed settlements reported that shelters were destroyed or seriously damaged in the month prior to data collection.


WASH: 33% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had access to soap and water for hand washing while 53% of assessed settlements where people reportedly did not use soap and water for hand washing or do not had access.


Given poor households' existing debt burden, they will be unable to access credit without first paying down some debt. In the absence of humanitarian food assistance, many poor households will be unable to cover their minimum food and essential non food needs and are expected to face slight to moderate food consumption gaps.


Communication: People in 83% of assessed settlements had reportedly been receiving any information about COVID 19 in the month preceding data collection.


Since 2018, protection needs have been on the rise as a result of continued armed conflict and violence and severe impact of climate change shocks. Within all the activities supported by Sida in Somalia, protection will be a central element.

Context->Security & stability
Context->Environment


In riverine areas of Beledweyn, significant humanitarian food assistance is supporting Stressed!  ( IPC Phase 2! )  outcomes and likely preventing deterioration to Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) . Despite current Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes, however, Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral, Cowpea Agropastoral, and riverine are areas of concern.


85,171 refugee returnees from Kenya  ( 2014   2021 )  : Data on destinations for returnees from Kenya is generally based on the place of initial return. In the case of arrivals by road convoy in 2017, the final destination declared on arrival is used.


Results from the 2020 post Gu assessment conducted by FSNAU and FEWS NET indicated 2.1 million people would face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  levels of food insecurity between September and December 2020. However, this does not take into account the full impact of below average rainfall in most parts of Somalia during the 2020 Deyr season and the influence of a La Niña potentially leading to drought conditions in the first half of 2021.


Inter state road transport is limited due to insecurity and conflict. Overland transport from Kenya to border regions in Somalia has not been possible since April 2019 due to the closure of Mandera border, which has resulted in the requirement to airlift all commodities to border areas. Access by sea is the most practical option for prepositioning high volumes of humanitarian supplies, however, only four ports – Mogadishu, Bossaso, Berbera and Kismayo – remain operational.


Agricultural production: There are significant regional and livelihood zone level differences in cereal production. Crop losses were highest in Cowpea Belt Agropastoral livelihood zone, where desert locust and other pests caused crop failure, and in riverine areas of Gedo, Hiiraan, Middle and Lower Juba, and Middle Shabelle, where damage caused by floods and desert locust resulted in regional production shortfalls for the main season that were 26 to 70 percent below the respective regional 10 year averages  ( 2010 2019 ) .


It is estimated that more than 1.4 million of the most marginalized and crisis affected children will need education assistance in 2021. Partners are requesting US$44 million to assist 374,973 of the 1.4 million affected children.


Gaps & Constraints: Funding constraints continue to exist with 1,423 IDP sites experiencing gaps in CCCM partner led RCCE activities focusing on site leader/religious leader engagement, small group information sessions and door to door awareness

Capacities & response->People reached/response gaps


Food Security and livelihoods: Among the assessed settlements, most commonly reported reasons why people were not able to access enough food were Natural causes ( 77% ) , Economic causes  ( 62% ) , Security issues  ( 41% ) .


Domestic revenues were 3.9% of GDP in 2018 and 4.6% in 2019 and financed an average of 71% of the national budget during those two years.


A technical working group is needed to bring together different agencies working at Points of Entry  ( POEs )  beyond COVID 19 Response.


WASH: 42% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had sufficient access to water while 44% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had insufficient access to water in the month preceding data collection.


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  10% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 51%, 29%,10% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. Only 1% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .


Protection/GBV: 4% of assessed settlements where KIs reported presence of unaccompanied children in the month preceding data collection.83% reported there were no any presence of unaccompanied children in the month preceding data collection.


Testing has been escalated with the setting up of additional laboratories in Puntland and Somaliland. Moreover, WHO is supporting the Federal Ministry of Health to strengthen surveillance systems, including community surveillance.


However, the Cluster noted lack of information on service provision at the site level, adding that lack of land tenure and forced evictions was also inhibiting the ability of partners to improve living conditions in sites. The Cluster was also constrained by resources, having received only 25 per cent of required funding.


The Somali WASH cluster has already noted significantly increasing prices for 200 liter barrels of water, with some areas of Sanaag and Togdheer seeing rates as high as $3 to $5 per 200 liters  ( Somali WASH Cluster, January 2021


In Gedo region of Jubaland, more people continue to flee the volatile Belet Xaawo town as fear increases over renewed clashes between Jubaland State forces and the Somali National Armed Forces in the area.


In 2021, an estimated 20 per cent of Somalia's population will suffer from direct and indirect impacts of COVID 19.


Somalia is particularly susceptible to recurrent droughts due to a number of intertwined factors. The majority of the country is characterised by arid or semi arid conditions; a little more than half of the territory is covered by savannah vegetation, while only about 13% of the land is cultivable, of which the majority is found in the south of the country in the riverine regions.


UNICEF and partners engage with the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management  ( MoHADM )  on strengthening collaboration mechanisms for humanitarian response.


UNICEF and partners responded with water disinfection of 398 water points to provide safe water and AWD mitigation. Additional emergency water was provided through water trucking to 74,046 people continuing to be affected by the lingering impacts of the floods and internally displaced people  ( IDPs )  in Bay, Middle Shabelle, Gedo and Banadir regions.


In addition to the political instability caused by the uncertain electoral process, regional relations and the security situation in the country have also been challenging in recent months.


Recommendations: Community water asset rehabilitation and/or construction should be implemented to restore and increase capacity of existing water assets. As water access remains below SPHERE standards, water asset rehabilitation should be prioritized in order to reduce the number of households reliant on unprotected and unsafe water sources and to increase overall supply of water from existing assets


To support the medium term recovery, the report notes there is need to consider protecting jobs and incomes by providing liquidity and trade financing including emergency loans for nascent small and medium size enterprises. Further, revenue mobilization and collection need to be scaled significantly beyond the Benadir region.


While some herd growth has occurred, many poor pastoralists are still unable to afford all basic nonfood needs from the sale of livestock and livestock products. Households routinely allocate a high portion of income from livestock sales to debt repayment, accumulated during recurrent droughts


In Togdheer Agropastoral livelihood zone, farmers planted 60 70 percent below normal levels as they had limited capacity to afford the cost of tractor tillage and are wary of desert locust damage to crops.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  63% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 24% was found to be extreme, 39% severe, 37% stress.


The Nutrition Cluster estimates that 165,72396 displaced children under 5 and 83,571 displaced pregnant and lactating women are in need of preventive nutrition services in 2021.Of this group, the highest rates of acute malnutrition continue to be found in IDP sites.


Huge food and nutrition gaps remain, particularly among poor agropastoral, marginalized and urban communities, where many vulnerable persons can be classified as, or are in danger of being pushed into, the most severe phases of food and nutrition insecurity.


It is important that humanitarian actors must broaden service provision; ensure prepositions of supplies and equipment for GBV service provision, sustain capacity and mobilization of crude mortality rate and psychosocial support actors to deliver services;


Following Cabinet approval in September 2019, President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed launched the ninth Somalia National Development Plan  ( NDP9 )  on 23 December 2019. The Plan lays out Somalia's development priorities for 2020 to 2024 and serves as the key overarching planning framework for the Government and international partners


Since Somalia had no capacity to test suspected samples of the virus or to diagnose cases, the WHO Country Office negotiated with Kenya Medical Research Institute  ( KEMRI )  to test samples of suspected COVID 19 cases from Somalia at the beginning of the outbreak


Evictions are rampant  ( according to the Protection Cluster, 173,000 people were evicted between January and August 2019 ) , putting further stress on displaced families and limiting their ability to integrate into social structures. Site level coordination and management systems are required to ensure equitable access to services and protection for displaced persons.


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  51% households reporting relying on unstable income sources to meet basic needs.


This makes it especially important for the Somali government, at federal and member state level, to be able to take anticipatory preventive response measures to reduce the risk of climate related migration triggering violent conflict. Regional and international partners – including IGAD, AMISOM and UNSOM – can help the FGS and FMS to have access to early warning systems and to increase their response capacities.


[ General household information ] Two most common behaviours adapted to prevent COVID 19 spreading, as reported by households Stopping handshakes or physical contact  ( 48% ) , Keeping distance from people  ( 42% ) .


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 3% ) , Diarrhea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 1% ) , skin infections and eye infections  ( 0% ) .


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of IDP settlements were Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 11% ) , Ownership  ( 62% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 14% ) , rented  ( 14% ) . Similarly, Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of non IDP settlements were Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 9% ) , Ownership  ( 64% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 5% ) , rented  ( 22% ) .


[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  96% of households were found to have at least one Food Security Living Standard Gap ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 39% of households were found to have a food security LSG but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 57% of households were found to have both a food security LSG and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security,4% of households were found to have no food security LSG but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security.


From April to December 2020, the Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  AOR reached a total of 433,672 people with Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  services and information. The AOR also contributed to capacity enhancement of humanitarian and government actors.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with children , 17% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection . While among households of non IDP settlements with children , 20% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection.


Due to a combination of funding shortfalls and access constraints, partners' response in Bari, Galgaduud, Middle Juba, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Sool, and Toghdheer regions are below 15 per cent of the target. The Food Security Cluster is almost 74 per cent funded according to the Financial Tracking Service  ( FTS ) . For the Cluster is based on the revised Humanitarian Response Plan  ( issued in July ) , for which unfunded needs from the first half of 2020 were removed. Consequently, the actual funding gap is higher than reflected. In addition, the FTS includes recently reported contributions that have not yet been programmed. These will be reflected in successive response.


Seasonal hagaa flooding since July has resulted in the displacement of nearly 342,000 people, inundated 294 villages and destroyed property and about 15,000 to 20,000 hectares of assorted crops, mainly in in rural areas along the Juba and Shabelle river valleys, according to the UNHCR led Protection and Return Monitoring Network  ( PRMN )  in Somalia. Of the total displaced, around 167,000 people have been displaced since 1 September, mainly in Wanla Weyne  ( ~93,000 )  in Lower Shabelle, Jowhar  ( ~41,000 )  in Middle Shabelle, and Belet Weyne  ( ~28,000 )  in Hiraan regions.


Additionally, a sharp decline in livestock exports since August 2020 has adversely affected pastoralists and other households who work in the livestock value chain. In many pastoral livelihood zones, poor households with limited saleable animals will face moderate to large food consumption gaps through mid 2021.


Delayed and erratic rainfall distribution characterized the October to December 2020 Deyr season, resulting in below average, cumulative rainfall across most of the country. The poor rains led to inadequate replenishment of pasture and water resources and below average Deyr crop production.


Similary, 22 per cent  [ of Land Border Points ]  had screening for travellers, and 21 per cent had functional referral systems in place.


To assess the performance of WFP's Maternal Child Health And Nutrition  ( MCHN )  programme, a nutrition outcome survey assessed diet patterns of children aged 6 23 months and pregnant and nursing women, and their participation in Specialised Nutritious Food  ( SNF )  distributions.


At least 13,000 people have been displaced by the floods across the country. Local authorities have reported massive damage to infrastructure including roads, residential areas and buildings.


The Federal Government of Somalia has also responded to the floods, including in recent weeks setting aside USD 500,000 to address the floods in South West state.


The situation of children affected by armed conflict in Somalia remains worrisome. Somalia has the highest reported number of grave violations against children, mostly committed by Al Shabaab. Somalia alone stands for more than 35 percent the global figures. The recruitment and use of children as well as abduction and sexual violence are particularly alarming.

Displacement->Type/numbers/movements
Context->Security & stability


Supporting healthcare workers to remain safe and mentally well and resilient is a particular challenge, requiring new stress and coping resources and timely logistics to maintain sufficient levels of personal protective equipment.


The United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia  ( UNSOM )  and the United Nations  ( UN )  system have already increased their  [ analysis and coordination mechanisms ]  capacities in this area significantly; now they must step up their support to the FGS  [ Federal Government of Somalia ]  and FMS  [ Federal Member States ] .


Around 2.2 million people need shelter and NFI assistance. Most of these live in makeshift shelters often in very congested informal settlements lacking security of tenure thus exposing them to extreme weather conditions, forced evictions, and other protection risks.


Individuals and groups who are lacking or unable to access services are susceptible to various human rights violations, cyclical displacement and erosion of coping mechanisms. The most vulnerable groups include persons from marginalized communities, persons with disabilities and older persons without caregivers.


Forced eviction of IDPs from their settlements is a significant protection problem and reports indicate that more than 200,000 people were evicted as of end of September 2019. Forced eviction caused by development projects has also been increasingly reported in 2019 and evictions from private land has increased from previous years exacerbating the protection risks for all vulnerable groups.


The areas which suffered the most from flooding were already experiencing high levels of vulnerability and after years of crises, coping capacities are exhausted, leaving large population groups vulnerable to falling back into extreme levels of food insecurity and malnutrition.


Somalia is one of the poorest countries in Sub Saharan Africa with nearly 7 out of 10 people living in poverty. Poverty is widespread particularly among populations living in rural areas and internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in settlements.


During the polio campaign, partners  ( international and national ) coordinated with district and regional health authorities to ensure that stocks of polio vaccines, finger marker and documentation for vaccinating children were available. Any under 5 child presenting a HCF for any reason without a finger or toe mark for vaccination from this campaign, was provided with oral polio vaccine  ( OPV )  or referred to the nearest vaccination team.


Humanitarian partners continue to provide life saving, livelihood support and to advocate for durable solutions for internally displaced persons. In July, the Shelter Cluster assisted nearly 1,800 persons with standard household kits comprising of plastic sheets, blankets, jerry cans, sleeping mats and kitchen sets.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  91% of IDP settlement and 85% of non IDP settlement households found with a Education Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .


The current outbreak of COVID 19 has affected global mobility in the form of various travel disruptions and restrictions.


Survey findings indicated relatively good health seeking behaviours by the caregivers with 93.3% of the caregivers seeking assistance. Of those who sought assistance, 39.1% sought assistance from private physician and  ( 18.7% )  from PHUs/CHWs. This is indicative of good health service utilization. However, getting assistance from private physician shows low coverage of NGO run facilities like Galkacyo south hospital and community health worker's activities.


In Somaliland, the water crisis is critical, especially in Togdheer region due to the failure of the Deyr rainy season. The shortages have caused movement of pastoral households to Ethiopia in search of water and pasture. In Gedo region, Jubaland authorities reported the dire need for water for rural communities and their livestock given the poor Deyr rainfall


In June SRCS ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )  rolled out a comprehensive 7 day registration process of the 1500 beneficiaries based on the developed targeting criteria. Some earlier trained volunteers were deployed to undertake the exercise and a comprehensive Shelter / HHIs Beneficiaries Register was finalized for use during the actual Shelter / HHIs distribution


Communication and Visibility: SRCS ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )  supported protection and visibility items for 50 volunteers. These included Red Crescent reflector bibs from existing stocks and banners.


Livelihoods: The initially targeted 9,000 people  ( 1,500 HHs )  under Shelter / HHIs were the same ones targeted under this component of the Operation Update. Surveillance Research and Communication Support carried out a beneficiary accountability awareness raising during their re verification and registration for the planned one off unconditional mobile cash transfer worth 100 dollars per household, determined by the prevailing July MEB from the Cash Working Group.


CCCM partners have either completed or have ongoing risk communication activities  ( awareness raising on COVID 19 )  in 921 IDP sites out of 2344 IDP sites nationally, covering 1,091,009 persons  ( 42% out of total 2.6 million )


Once displaced, often to informal settlements in urban areas, their ability to meet basic needs is undermined by widespread poverty and limited livelihoods, and exacerbated by shocks, including conflict, floods, drought, the Desert Locust upsurge and the COVID 19 pandemic


Working with existing protection monitoring and reporting networks in collaboration with governments, local communities and partners, UNHCR will continue to mitigate potential protection risks to refugees and displaced people, including restrictions of access to territory and the right to seek asylum, and continuity of essential protection services, including registration, status determination, documentation, protection counselling, GBV and child protection.


Other activities which have continued  ( despite COVID 19 induced restrictions )  but under changed modality, have included remote case management, family based PSS, awareness raising, provision of dignity and hygiene kits and other material assistance, safe/houses/shelters, legal assistance, eviction monitoring and prevention, land survey and clearance, victim assistance, protection monitoring and strengthening of community based protection mechanisms.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  92% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 11% found to be extreme+, 28% extreme, 53% severe and 8% stress.


Seasonal hagaa flooding since July has resulted in the displacement of nearly 342,000 people, inundated 294 villages and destroyed property and about 15,000 to 20,000 hectares of assorted crops, mainly in in rural areas along the Juba and Shabelle river valleys, according to the UNHCR led Protection and Return Monitoring Network  ( PRMN )  in Somalia.


The Government has continued the gradual reopening of different sectors of the economy, following a decrease in the number of reported COVID 19 cases. Health partners including the Federal Ministry of Health  ( MoH )  have however reported gaps in the geographic coverage of COVID 19 testing, with some districts reporting no confirmed cases in September due to lack of testing capacity. Therefore, analysis of the trends is not conclusive.


An estimated 7,500 livestock  ( camels, sheep, goats )  were killed by the cyclone in Xaafuun, Karduush and Hurdiye. Some nomadic pastoralists lost entire stocks of livestock. So far, the assessment team has confirmed that 120fishing vesselsincluding eighthuge fishing boats were either totally or partially destroyed, and a total of 469 fishermen lost livelihood assets.


( According to Humanitarian Response Plan ) The distribution days at the nutrition sites is staggered in order to prevent the spread of the virus by minimising social contacts and ensuring social distancing. The modified service delivery guidelines have been agreed and shared with all partners and trainings have been provided to the frontline workers.


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  6% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection


Somalia will remain at risk of being particularly impacted by the COVID 19 pandemic in 2021 due to its fragile healthcare systems, the number of IDPs and ongoing conflict and insecurity.As of 21 November 2020, 4,445 cases with 113 deaths had been confirmed.


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 13% ) , Diarrhea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 2% ) , skin infections  ( 1% ) , eye infections  ( 0% ) .


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  21% of households reported having received aid in the 30 days prior to data collection.


This  [ crowded shelters in nearby villages. ] , according to WHO, could elevate the risk of COVID 19 transmission as the virus can easily be transmitted in densely populated settings.


[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] ' A surprising finding in the JMCNA data was the source for primary source of water. A plurality of households nationally reported using a piped system  ( 30% ) , while it is general believed that wells  ( 10% )  and boreholes  ( 3% )  are the most common sources. This may be a result of the survey design which includes responses for water kiosks  ( 15% ) , vendors  ( 9% ) , and trucks  ( 3% )  which may source their water from wells and boreholes, making their total up to 40%. Similarly, such systems are classified as unimproved as the quality of the original source cannot be confirmed. Additionally, the use of these third party suppliers could represent a financial burden, though also a mean of mitigating stress when other sources become unavailable.


Since December 2017, a total of 9,613 cumulative cases  [ of cholera ] , including 50 deaths  ( CFR 0.5% ) , were reported from 3 states of Somalia  ( Hirshabelle, Jubbaland and South West state )  and Banadir region.


The De Martino Hospital in Mogadishu provides free health care to IDPs and other vulnerable groups.


The ventilators, donated to the Federal Government of Somalia  ( FGS ) , and funded by the multi donor Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF ) , will be used to set up an intensive care unit at the De Martino Hospital, the main public hospital in the country's capital designated by the country's Ministry of Health to treat COVID 19 cases .


Despite the ongoing effort to control the spread of Desert Locust yielding positive results, there are still significant risks in 2021 for Somalia, particularly as a result of Cyclone Gati, that will encourage the development of a new generation.


[ General household information ]  Two most common sources of COVID  19 information, as reported by households were Health worker at health facility  ( 61% )  and Settlement leaders  ( 29% ) .


Today, 08 September, the river level at Belet Weyne is bank full and there has been overbank spillage in parts of the town. Thousands of people have been displaced and have started to evacuate from high risk areas to low risk areas since yesterday.


Inadequate funding with 16.8 per cent funded out of $22 million needed, has affected the continuity of child protection services. At least $3.43 million  ( 65 per cent )  of funding ended in May 2020 as the projects were completed. Only projects totaling $1.79 million are continuing, which has already affected the quality and coverage of child protection responses.


In August, CP partners conducted a virtual training for 60 organization staff on how to use the case management forms and Child Protection Information Management System  ( CPIMS )  to strengthen case management in the COVID 19 context. In August, CP partners conducted critical case management to 1,724 children and monitored low risk cases. CP AOR partners reached about 6,770 children and caregivers with mental health and psychosocial support activities  ( MHPSS )  across Somalia.


232  ( 47% )  of complaints made in September were related to new requests with shelter damages and lack of adequate shelters being the most common complaint.


The Joint Programme for Local Governance  ( JPLG )  proposes to establish an emergency and recovery fund for local governments to respond to locally identified needs, following the established Local Development Fund  ( LDF )  and Service Delivery Models  ( SDM ) . A simple call for proposals with guiding criteria  ( grant amounts, potential areas of support, preference for targeting needs of vulnerable groups )  will be shared with all JPLG districts, with preference in grant provision.

Priority interventions
Capacities & response


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 3% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 11% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 35% ) .


The key respondent has identified the type of harmful work that children are engaging in includes involved in farm work  (  44% ) , domestic work  (  26% ) , harsh and dangerous work  (  19% ) , factory work  ( 13% ) , transporting goods and people  ( 9 )  and 6 % of the respondent indicated sexual exploitation.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  36% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 32%, 14% and 13% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively. Only 3% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility.


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  48% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write.


[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were Drought  ( 56% ) , Eviction ( 17% )  and Lack of water ( not drought related )   ( 16% )


Four months into the crisis, only 1% of the firms surveyed said they had received some relief support, with another 1.5% expecting to receive relief over the next six months. Given the size of the shock, adjustments by firms alone might be insufficient to navigate the crisis: interventions to support businesses may be needed.


Those seeking to leave Al Shabaab controlled territories and those who have fled to government controlled areas are often subjected to retaliatory attacks. Information on the humanitarian situation in those areas, as well as in areas controlled by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant  ( ISIL ) , is difficult to verify.


While cases of COVID 19 have been on a downward trend for several weeks, given testing limitations, it is too early to predict how the pandemic will evolve in the coming months.


The fodder prices are increasing in Gedo compared to last week. This is due to seasonality and feeding of weak animals at homes since they cannot walk for long distance to look for water and pasture. For instance, the price of 1bundle of maize fodder in Doolow increased from $1.8 to $2.0  ( 11% )


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  22% of IDP settlement and 16% of non IDP settlement households found with a health Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  32% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 31%, 23%, 11% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. Only 3% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .


[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were: Actual conflict/ fear of conflict in community or surrounding area 35%, Fear of conflict in community 24%, Arrival of armed groups 13%.


Given Somalia's heavy dependency on market purchases throughout the year to access food, the proper functioning of markets is vital for the food security of Somali populations. For example, in Bay and Bakool in southern Somalia, poor households purchase 87 percent of their annual caloric needs from local markets  ( FSNAU Somalia, 2009 ) . Similarly, in the Addun pastoral livelihood zone, poor and very poor households cover 71 and 78 percent of their caloric needs, respectively, directly from market purchases  ( FSNAU Somalia, 2011 ) .


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 22% found to be extreme+ severe, 42% extreme and 36% severe.


Additional challenges include physical access constraints, with the lack of available commercial air and sea transport options thereby hampering the overall cost and accessibility of logistics services.


Through its Information Management services, the Logistics Cluster is also providing timely information on available logistics resources and access, ensuring the logistics gaps are captured in intersectoral discussions and access is mapped to support transport planning.


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  50% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 8% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 45% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 73% ) .


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 52% for No or minimal and lowest was 7% for Extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 56% for No or minimal and lowest was 8% for Stress .


[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  95% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 89% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, 6% of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH. 5% of households were found to have no WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) in WASH.


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of IDP settlement and non IDP settlement households respectively found with multi sectoral needs.


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 4% ) , Diarrhoea  ( 5% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 0% ) , skin infections  ( 1% ) , eye infections  ( 0% ) .


[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 is not prevalent in the area  ( 66% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 33% ) .


[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 is not prevalent in the area  ( 60% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 26% )


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  45% of Households of IDP settlements have not been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection while 35% of Households of IDP settlements have been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  100% of IDP settlement and 50% of non IDP settlement households found with a nutrition Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  11% households reporting having at least one member facing discrimination due to age, disability, or heritage


Displacement: Flooding ( 34% ) , Conflict ( 20% ) , Drought ( 20% )  were most commonly reported primary reason for population leaving the settlement of origin.


Food Security and livelihoods: Most commonly reported strategies used to cope with lack of food in the settlement were limiting portion sizes ( 57% ) , Borrow food from others ( 49% ) , Reduce number of meals  ( 45% ) .


Food Security and livelihoods: 41% of the assessed settlements reported that it takes less than 30 minutes to reach the functional market by walking while 24% reported it takes 60 minutes to half a day to reach the functional market by walking.


IDPs often reside for protracted periods in these sites due to a lack of financial resources. Even if they have the means, IDPs normally do not build more durable shelters, mainly due to lack of long term land tenure and the threat of eviction. As such, many shelters need to be repaired, especially the roof and wall materials, while non food items such as blankets, sleeping mats, mosquito nets and jerrycans need to be replaced periodically.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 62% for stress and lowest was 0% for extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 45% for no or minimal and lowest was 0% for extreme.


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  8% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 74% ) ,exclusion by camp managers/gatekeepers ( 1% ) , physically unable to access points of aid distribution  ( 25% ) .


Only 2 per cent of households across Somalia report availability of water and soap at latrines, while half of all households report its availability at home. In case of non availability of soap, people wash their hands with soap substitutes  ( 40 per cent ) , borrow cash or hygiene materials  ( 12 per cent )  or rely on humanitarian assistance. Only 45 per cent of households have access to menstrual hygiene management material at home or can access it through their local market.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  74% and 77% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no child friendly spaces in their community.


[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were Drought  (  70% ) , Lack of water ( not drought related )   ( 21% ) , eviction ( 11% ) .


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of Non  IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 18% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 18% ) .


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  47% and 41% of Households IDP and non IDP settlements respectively reported education of their children had been disrupted as a result of the COVID 19 outbreak.


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  83% households reporting not having any working household members


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  79% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 2% found to be very extremely severe, 31% extreme severe, 46% severe, 21% stress.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  68% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 14% found to be extreme severe, 54% severe, 32% stress.


[ General household information ] Two most common behaviours adapted to prevent COVID 19 spreading, as reported by households Stopping handshakes or physical contact  ( 48% ) , Keeping distance from people  ( 42% )


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  31% of IDP settlement and 30% of non IDP settlement households found with a health Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  15% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 3% found to be very extremely severe, 5% extreme severe, 7% severe, 5% stress, 80% no or minimal.


[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 was not prevalent in the area  ( 24% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 23% ) .


[ Displacement ]  63% of the households stated that the reason for coming to current location was no conflict, 46% of the households stated the availability of work/income opportunities was the reason for coming to current location where as 13% of the households stated that presence of food distribution/food aid was the main reason for coming to the current location.


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] 99% of IDP settlement and 90% of non IDP settlement households found with a WASH Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .


Agricultural production: In the Northwest, FSNAU  [ Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit ]  and the Somaliland Ministry of Agriculture and Development estimate total gu/karan cereal production, which was harvested in November/December, was 17,100 MT, or 58 percent below the 2010 2019 average. The final estimate confirms recent projections that the harvest performed more poorly than originally anticipated. Crop losses occurred due to erratic karan rainfall from July through September and widespread damage to maize and sorghum from the local desert locust and stalk borer infestations.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 31% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 30% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 83% ) .


Although June typically marks the end of the agropastoral and riverine lean season, the forecast of a below average gu rainfall season is expected to result in below average gu crop production and will place increased pressure on pastoral livelihoods during the secondary pastoral lean season, which occurs from July to September. Therefore, the magnitude and severity of food insecurity is expected to remain elevated during the June to September projection period.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of housing, land and property  ( HLP )  dispute reported by households were :Disputes about rent  ( including payment )   ( 3% ) , Rules and processes on HLP not clear  ( 4%  ) , Inheritance issues  ( 4% )


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with children, 23% household reported their child ( ren )  having been enrolled in a nutritional centre/therapeutic feeding centre in the 6 months prior to data collection while 15% household of non IDP settlements with children reported their child ( ren )  having been enrolled in a nutritional centre/therapeutic feeding centre in the 6 months prior to data collection.


[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  96% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . Among 96%, 95% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, 1% of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH. 4% of households were found to have no WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) in WASH.


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of non IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses ( 29% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 6% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 74% ) .


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  80% households reporting not having any working household members


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  15% households reporting having at least one member facing discrimination due to age, disability, or heritage


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of non  IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 29% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 20% ) .


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water were water points are too far  ( 14% ) , Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for people with disabilities )   ( 14% ) , insufficient number of water points / waiting time at water points ( 10% ) .


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among the 100% households found to have an overall MSNI of 3 and above, this score was most commonly driven by extreme LSGs in WASH, Education and Nutrition  ( 9% ) , followed by WASH, Education, Nutrition, SNFI and Food security  ( 11% ) , or WASH , Education, SFNI, Nutrition and Health ( 6% )  .


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main drivers of health LSGs were found to be Households with at least one member who had been ill in the two weeks prior to data collection and it taking more than one hour to reach the nearest healthcare facility by foot  ( 1% )  ,Households with women of reproductive age  ( 15 49 years old )  who had given a life birth in the two years prior to data collection without having been attended by skilled health personnel  ( 4% )  , Households that do not have access to a functional healthcare facility within 1 hour walking distance  ( 4% ) .


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  76% households with an age dependency ratio greater than 0.8


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 66% for no or minimal and lowest was 6% for extreme. Similarly highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 68% for no or minimal and lowest was 3% for stress.


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  5% households with at least one member having lost employment in the three months prior to data collection


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of IDP settlement were Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 38% ) , Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are unclean/unhygienic  (  30% )


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  23% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 43% and 25% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively. Only 2% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported reasons why children stopped attending school since the outbreak were Schools have closed  ( 83% ) , Lack transportation to schools due to COVID 19  ( 17% ) , Parents prefer that children stay home  ( 11% ) .


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  16% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 8% and17% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. 2% and 0% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours and more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 10% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 47% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 77% ) .


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 26% found to be extreme+ severe, 34% extreme and 40% severe.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Education LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 92% for severe and lowest was 1% for stress. Similarly highest percentage of households per Education LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 79% for severe and lowest was 2% for stress.


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  33% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 40% and 18% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. 4% reported to reach nearest health facility by foot in 1 3 hours. 2% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .


But last year election officials cancelled that plan, citing covid 19 and the insurgency of al Shabab.Instead they scheduled another indirect vote for February, the deadline set by the constitution for choosing a new president. But talks between the central government and regional leaders over how to conduct it collapsed. The opposition as well as leaders in Jubaland and Puntland, the two most powerful of Somalia's fve states  ( excluding the breakaway region of Somaliland ) , accuse the president of sabotaging the process in order to cling to ofce. “He cannot continue to act as president,' says Abdirahman Abdishakur, a former minister running against him for president.


Somalia's road network requires significant rehabilitation   about 90 percent of the primary roads require extensive rehabilitation: only 2,860 kilometers  ( 13 percent )  of the total 11,434 kilometers of roads are paved and those remaining are earthen or gravel, impeding road access to 42 districts.


Displacement patterns in Somalia remained highly volatile in 2020 as high levels of new and secondary displacements were recorded. There is evidence that IDPs' vulnerabilities have further heightened, reflected in the increased severity of needs across many sectors. Around 1.3 million people were displaced in Somalia in 2020. Of these, 242,000 new and secondary displacements occurred because of conflict and violence while more than 1 million displacements occurred because of natural disasters, particularly due to the Gu and Hagaa flooding, as well as drought and other interrelated causes.


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  Top three most commonly reported priority needs: Shelter  ( 61% ) , Food  ( 49% ) , Healthcare  ( 55% ) .


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of IDP settlements were: Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 34% ) , Ownership  ( 29% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 23% ) , rented  ( 11% ) . Similarly, Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of non IDP settlements were: Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 18% ) , Ownership  ( 47% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 7% ) , rented  ( 26% ) .


To help remedy the situation, the Risk Communication and Community Engagement  ( RCCE )  Task Force was embedded in the COVID 19 preparedness and response structure of Somalia to support the Government's COVID 19 response planning. It has delivered strategic guidance and a range of activities that have enabled partner organizations to deliver effectively on the ground.


Flash and riverine flooding in Somalia affected 1.6 million people, resulting in a further weakening of the resilience of farmers in particular, who rely solely on agricultural activities for their survival, and leaving many families with no other alternative than to migrate to already overpopulated cities and IDP sites in the hope of securing humanitarian assistance.


For HNO planning, the Food Security Cluster is using an average projection of 3.5 million Somalis facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  food security conditions through 2021, of which 67 per cent are non IDPs, the majority of whom are urban poor.


The presence of locusts in south Somalia had already devastated pasture resources and farms, including different types of crops. In parts of Bari region in Puntland, a renewed locust infestation was also reported, affecting both nomads and farmers.


In addition, radio spots highlighting COVID 19 prevention measures continued to be aired throughout Somalia reaching an estimated 10 million people. Besides radio spots, IEC materials for mass media engagement, social media channels were also used to convey similar messaging.


Authorities and partners reported that on 18 October, floods destroyed a culvert bridge on Warmaxan on the road between Afgooye and Wanla Weyn in Lower Shabelle region, stranding over 50 vehicles carrying commercial commodities.


Indeed, the UN notes that an increase in international air strikes aimed at Al Shabaab bases hascaused child casualties, and U.S. air strikes to fight Al Shabaab forces have raisedmoral questionsof their violent impacts on civilians. The nature of these is hard to monitor, yet there were23 identified child deaths and 21 identified child casualtiescaused by air strike between 2016    2019.


Twelve trainees finalized a joint mentorship programme organized by IOM and the Immigration and Naturalization Directorate  ( IND ) . The trainees received advanced training on IOM's Border Management Information System  ( MIDAS ) , which is a system to collect, process, record and analyze information from travellers entering and exiting the country. The aim of the training was to equip the staff with an understanding of how to capture and analyse MIDAS data. The participants practiced how to use the MIDAS system to collect data and conducted a risk analysis that can be utilised for reports.


Furthermore, IOM responded to the prevailing humanitarian crisis reported in South West State  ( SWS ) , targeting drought affected mobile migrant communities residing in Barwako 2, Hanano 2 and Kormari IDPs sites in Baidoa. IOM, in close coordination with SWS Ministry of Water, Energy and Resources assisted with essential lifesaving and support services, including the provision of clean and safe water, sanitation and systematic hygiene promotion activities.


The Danwadaag consortium, led by IOM, continued to invest in strengthening local government capacities in Banadir Regional Administration  ( BRA ) , South West State  ( SWS ) , and Jubaland State of Somalia  ( JSS )  to be able to play a leadership and coordination role in the attainment of early and durable solutions. For this, Danwadaag provided seven technical experts for the three locations with the objective of improving government led planning, coordination, monitoring, and evaluation of early and durable solution initiatives.


On the same reporting period a total of 3,901 women of reproductive age have received T1 T5. The community health workers are continuously conducting community sensitization and education in the project areas.


Children were also harmed in the preparation of IED attacks. On 15th March 2019,10 boys were killed and 18 were woundedduring a bomb making training session for Al Shabaab.


UNICEF is also developing a multisectoral safe school re  opening support plan to complement the ongoing efforts of the government and other partners to safely open schools.


Awareness messages covered prevention of family separation, gender based violence  ( GBV ) , COVID 19 preventive measures and risk awareness.


In Belet Weyne in Hiraan region, 10 strategic wells were disinfected through chlorination providing safe water to 4,560 people  ( 1,354 girls, 1,409 boys ) .


Aerial and ground control operations reached 21,143 hectares and projected below average Gu rains  ( April June )  expected to limit breeding.


Health: 51% of assessed settlements reportedly had no access to any health services.


Among other challenges, water scarcity is a major problem.


Majority of the Ports of Entry  ( PoEs )  had some level of restrictions imposed on them. A total of 143 PoEs  ( 44% )  were partially closed, while 85  ( 26% )  were closed for both entries and exits, and 79  ( 24% )  were open for travel on both directions   the latter is a significant increase from 39  ( 13% ) . Another 17 PoEs  ( 5% )  had unknown restrictions.

Capacities & response->National response


The communication team also continued sharing COVID 19 prevention messages, celebrated the World Social Work Day and the important role of social workers in Somalia, marked the World Water Day and called for climate resilient solutions, and provided visibility to donors through the Country Office's Facebook, Instagram and Twitter feeds.


In Banadir, over 10,000 people, both IDPs and the host community members have been affected, with an estimated 4,000 temporally displaced f rom their homes.


Nutrition services continue to meet the recommended standards with proportion of children cured out of children discharged at 93 per cent.


CAMP COORDINATION & CAMP MANAGEMENT  ( CCCM )  IOM continued to disseminate information to ensure IDPs are aware of the risks, signs, symptoms, mode of transmissions of COVID 19, and know the appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the risks. Awareness raising sessions were conducted at the information centres, marketplaces or during community meetings in IDP sites, with a highlight on how to practice physical distancing. During the reporting period, 1,436 individuals were reached with COVID 19 information.


Due to decades of poverty, marginalization, armed violence, insecurity, political instability, natural hazards and lack of development, the humanitarian situation remains critical in the country


Moreover, since late June, the Hagaa flood season has brought riverine and flash floods that have affected over 250,000 people, of whom about 183,000 were displaced in Hirshabelle, South West and Jubaland states, in addition to Sanaag and Banadir regions.


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of both IDP settlement and 99% non IDP settlement households found with multi sectoral needs.


UNICEF also delivered two sets of Interagency Emergency Health Kit  ( IEHK )  supplementary medicines to Banadir Hospital to ensure the availability and continuity of emergency health services during the COVID 19 response.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  2% and 1% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported areas in their community where boys or men do not feel safe.


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  90% households reporting having been displaced for longer than one year


Las personas encuestadas en Perú tenían significativamente más probabilidades de usar dinero enviado por familiares o amigos  ( 54% ) , trabajar durante el viaje  ( 33% )  o pedir dinero prestado a otras personas refugiadas o migrantes  ( 16% ) . Ninguna de las personas en Perú no logró recaudar fondos adicionales, en contraste con el 5% en Colombia  ( ver Figura 5 ) .


A la ausencia de información sobre el acceso a la protección internacional se suma la falta de claridad sobre el alcance que el reconocimiento de la condición de refugiado tiene en materia de derechos, así como en el acceso a los servicios y programas de los Estado

Information and communication->Information challenges and barriers


En países como Perú, la defensoría pública realizó mediaciones informales que lograron mitigar el riesgo de desalojo; sin embargo, éstas no dieron formalizarse debido al cierre de los sistemas de justicia quedando el proceso bajo la voluntad de quienes alcanzaron, en su momento, la mediación; no hay certeza o capacidad de monitoreo sobre esos procesos y la posible recurrencia de riesgos de desalojo en dichas familias. Persiste entra la población el temor de recrudecimiento de los desalojos ante nuevos picos de la pandemia que afecten los procesos de reactivación económica y generen nuevos procesos de expulsión.1


Los y las migrantes venezolanas perciben que el acceso al empleo digno es muy difícil, gran parte de los venezolanos tienen estudios, pero no pueden ejercerlo, por la situación migratoria irregular, que limita la revalidación y homologación de documentos, piden una serie de documentos que no pueden cumplir; por la que los empleos que pueden acceder generalmente los explotan y los tratan mal, es por ello que, muchos prefieren dedicarse a alguna actividad de autoempleo para ganarse el día a día.


Las personas encuestadas también mencionaron que, cuando tienen un problema de salud, en primer lugar, van a una farmacia, luego a un hospital o posta del MINSA pagando porque consideran que no es muy costoso; casi nadie tiene acceso al Sistema Integral de Salud SIS gratuito, mucho menos a Essalud; una de las barreras del porque no acceden es por su situación migratoria irregular, por el otro lado, mencionan que las madres gestantes y niños menores de 5 años tienen SIS gratuito.


The National Institute of Civil Defence  ( INDECI )  approved a “Monitoring, Follow up and Evaluation Plan' that will guide the monitoring and evaluation of the National Risk Management Plan  ( PLANAGERD 2014  2021 ) . WFP provided direct technical support to adapt the Emergency Preparedness Capacity Index  ( EPCI )  to the national context. This tool allows to assess national and local emergency response capabilities providing valuable inputs for decision makers. As EPCI is now officially part of INDECI's evaluation tools, WFP will continue providing support for its annual update in direct coordination with INDECI. Due to COVID 19, the methodology to update EPCI has been adapted to virtual settings. So far, virtual workshops have been organized with the municipality of Lima and Carayballo. Additional virtual workshops are planned with national and local stakeholders from the regions of Tumbes, La Libertad and Lambayeque.


Cabe destacar que, mientras que en agosto 14 familias declararon haber enviado remesas mensuales a Venezuela, en septiembre esta cifra aumentó en un 42,7% para un total de 20 familias. Esto, aunado al hecho de que el gasto en alquiler y alimentos se mantuvo estable, sugiere que el producto de las horas adicionales trabajadas se está remitiendo para apoyar a sus familiares en el extranjero.


En cuanto a los planes a largo plazo, el 43,5%  ( 30 familias )  ha manifestado su intención de regresar a Venezuela si las condiciones de vida mejoran, lo que supone un aumento del 57,9% respecto a la cifra del mes anterior.


se observa que del total de personas encuestadas, el 87,1 % cuenta con celular inteligente/smartphone, mientras que solo 16,3 % cuenta con celular antiguo como medio de comunicación. Además, del total de personas migrantes encuestadas, el 87,7 % cuentan con internet en su celular.


Al estimar las prevalencias de inseguridad alimentaria se encontró que el 76,3 % de hogares se encontraban en inseguridad alimentaria  ( incluye los niveles de inseguridad alimentaria moderada y severa )  y el 32,8 % en inseguridad alimentaria severa  (


En cuanto al promedio de días en los que se aplicaron estas estrategias de afrontamiento en los últimos siete días, se encontró que destacan la estrategia «Comer alimentos más baratos o menos preferidos» con una frecuencia de 4,4 días en promedio, seguida por «Reducir las porciones de comida» con 3,5 días, mientras que la estrategia menos usada fue «Pedir prestados alimentos o ayuda familiares» con una frecuencia promedio de 1,3 días  ( tabla 23 ) .


Respecto a los síntomas de COVID 19, 56,8 % manifestó que no tuvo síntomas de la enfermedad, mientras que el 41,1 % refirió síntomas de la COVID 19. Además, 22 % de las personas que participaron en el estudio reconoció que alguno de sus familiares tuvo COVID 19, en tanto que el 6 % sospechaba que alguien de su familia podría haber tenido la enfermedad.


Al indagar por la ocurrencia de acoso sexual contra la mujer durante la pandemia de la COVID 19, solo el 4,8 % de mujeres reconoció haber sufrido acoso sexual. Además, en su mayoría, los encuestados consideran que aumentó la violencia contra las niñas durante la pandemia de la COVID 19  ( 68,7 % ) , mientras que el 10,5 % indica que se mantuvo igual durante este periodo de tiempo.


Al preguntar por el tipo de apoyo recibido se encontró que el 81 % de personas entrevistadas manifestó que recibieron capacitación, 3,7 % recibió apoyo económico y otro tanto recibió información en ferias  ( tabla 34 ) .


En cuanto a la diversidad alimentaria del hogar el día anterior a la encuesta, los datos de la tabla 20 muestran que la mayoría de personas encuestadas consumió alimentos del grupo de cereales  ( 98,2 % ) , seguido por aceites y grasas  ( 59,7 % ) , huevos y carne  ( 58,7 % y 54,5 %, respectivamente ) ; además, solo el 32 % de hogares consumió fruta el día anterior a la encuesta, 41 % verduras y 17.7 % consumió dulces. Según la clasificación del puntaje de diversidad alimentaria en el hogar, se encontró que el 23,7 % de hogares tenía una diversidad alimentaria baja y 28,2 %, diversidad alimentaria media


Es importante señalar que, en el caso de las mujeres, ocho de cada 10  ( 84,4% ) , tiene personas a su cargo económicamente  ( el 68,3% de una a cuatro personas, y el 16,1% más de cinco personas ) .

Impact->Impact on people
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


• Brindar la información clave a los refugiados y migrantes en riesgo de utilizar transporte informal e información sobre las compañías y costos de transporte.


Además, la mayoría de las fue la principal barrera señalada por el 30,7% de las PoC, personas encuestadas  ( 70,3% )  informaron que recibieron al 9 seguido de otros y por último la falta de documentación menos una dosis de las vacunas contra el COVID 19.  ( 23% ) . 9 Esto incluía barreras como múltiples obstáculos impuestos por los proveedores de atención médica, servicios no disponibles, atención limitada debido a la pandemia de COVID 19, etc.


Si bien la importante señalar que, en general, estos hallazgos gran mayoría  ( 72,2% )  de las personas encuestadas no se ven impactados por el tipo de ingreso  ( irregular/ dijo tener acceso a agua potable, el 78,8% de ellas regular )  al país ni los distritos donde residen en Lima indicó que los servicios discontinuos son la principal Metropolitana.


• Incrementar las oportunidades de integración de la población refugiada y migrante, incluyendo el trabajo decente y medios de vida.


Antecedentes El flujo migratorio de Venezuela a Perú, iniciado en el año 2016, tuvo su mayor cuota durante el año 2018 y a septiembre del 2019 alcanzó la cifra oficial de 850,000 personas. Según la Encuesta sobre Condiciones de vida de la Población Venezolana que reside en el Perú   ENPOVE 2018, el 52,3% de la población venezolana que vive en el país son hombres y el 47,7% mujeres. Si bien el flujo migratorio ha disminuido, todo hace suponer que éste continuará mientras persista la crisis socioeconómica en Venezuela y mientras las familias sigan trasladando a sus familiares para su reunificación. Es un fenómeno reciente en el Perú, por lo que la organización e institucionalidad gubernamental enfrenta desafíos importantes para atender de manera integral sus impactos sociales y económicos. Si bien, inicialmente, el gobierno peruano tuvo una política migratoria abierta para la población venezolana, el incremento de flujos migratorios en circunstancias de un contexto político complejo, marcado por la ocurrencia de sucesivos escándalos por corrupción de funcionarios públicos y líderes políticos, ha influido en que se desvíe la atención del público hacia situaciones en que los migrantes se ven involucrados en problemas con la justicia o en conflictos por el uso de la calle como espacio de comercio, lo cual ha contribuido a aumentar el rechazo de la población peruana a la inmigración, manifiesta en actitudes y prácticas de xenofobia en el país, que provocaron el establecimiento de regulaciones más estrictas en el control de ingreso de inmigrantes de origen venezolano. En este sentido, se establecieron políticas con el discurso de facilitar el registro de las personas migrantes y refugiadas y con ello, tener un mejor control de la evolución de la situación en el país. Este proceso se ha modificado en el tiempo a través de la publicación de diversas normas legales, que en un primer momento dieron facilidades para regularizar su condición migratoria, y que sin embargo actualmente han planteado requerimientos inaccesibles para la mayoría. Esto ha orillado a que la condición migratoria de las personas que recién ingresan al Perú sea irregular y que, aquellas personas que tenían la condición regular temporal en el inicio de su proceso migratorio estén perdiendo dicha condición por vencimiento de los plazos de los mecanismos otorgados inicialmente. La situación antes descrita, es un factor de riesgo importante para la población migrante y refugiada, tanto instalada en el país, como en proceso de llegada. Según la OIM1, las familias fragmentadas; niños, niñas y adolescentes, especialmente los no acompañados; mujeres jefas de familia sin acceso a medios de vida, entre otras. El registro realizado por OIM en setiembre de 2018 mostraba porcentajes importantes de mujeres viajando solas y madres solteras viajando con menores de edad, quienes además tenían como principales necesidades, insertarse laboralmente, atender necesidades de salud y educación. Los niños, niñas y adolescentes también experimentaban situaciones de gran estrés y vulnerabilidad durante el trayecto migratorio2. Al agregarse la condición de irregularidad, y la precariedad de recursos productivos  ( ahorros, bienes o activos )  a los problemas antes descritos, es claro que resulta más difícil establecer mecanismos de prevención frente a la trata de personas en todas sus dimensiones  ( principalmente sexual y laboral ) 3. El proceso de inclusión en el tejido social peruano es un proceso difícil y progresivo. Las personas migrantes, se insertan en un país con importantes niveles de informalidad4  ( comercial, laboral, entre otros ) , en un contexto en que, importantes grupos sociales son capturados por grupos religiosos y conservadores5, con altos índices de Violencia Basada en Género  ( VBG ) 6, racismo y discriminación social a grupos en situación de vulnerabilidad. Si bien el gobierno peruano tiene una serie de políticas, planes y programas orientados a prevenir, atender y sancionar la VBG  ( intrafamiliar y en el espacio público ) , su implementación todavía representa desafíos, en términos de responder a las necesidades de protección de la población de acogida, y más aún para la población migrante.


A estos factores de preferencia de autoempleo se suman otros factores de carácter subjetivo o emocional, como son las expectativas de regresar a su país o, en segundo lugar, de migrar hacia otros países que les ofrezcan mayores oportunidades de inserción laboral o una mejor calidad de vida.


MEDIOS DE VIDA • La reactivación de la economía coincidiendo con las fases 3 y 4 creó nuevas oportunidades de generación de ingresos, aunque principalmente en el sector informal. • En comparación con agosto, hay menos personas que informan estar desempleadas  (  6% ) , lo que refleja el aumento de personas que obtienen sus ingresos del comercio informal, la limpieza y el cuidado y otras actividades ocasionales  ( + 5% )


El trabajo informal exponía aún más a los venezolanos a riesgos de explotación y no les proporcionaba acceso a los servicios sociales básicos. Los venezolanos trabajaban 57 horas semanales en promedio, siete días a la semana y ganaban muy poco. Muchos informaron que les ofrecieron trabajos que pagaban tan solo 1/3 del salario mínimo o que no habían recibido su salario de un antiguo empleador durante semanas. El ingreso promedio generado por los venezolanos con trabajo  ( 772 soles/mes [ 3 ]  )  sigue siendo inferior al salario mínimo en Perú  ( 930 soles/ mes ) , lo que pone en relieve la vulnerabilidad económica de la población migrante.


 Familias indocumentadas  Padres y madres que vienen con hijos menores de edad sin documentos que acrediten la filiación.


La condición de los migrantes fue resaltada en el Plan Nacional contra la Trata de personas 2017 – 202140, como uno de los factores de especial vulnerabilidad de las víctimas de trata. De acuerdo con cifras reportadas por el INEI41, en el 2018, el Ministerio Público registró 1355 denuncias por este delito. Asimismo, evidenció un importante aumento a partir del 2014, periodo que coincide con la creación de nuevas Fiscalías Especializadas contra la Trata de Per  sonas, que a la fecha alcanzan un total de 1442. Posteriormente, entre los años 2016 al 2018, se presentaron en promedio 1450 denuncias, mientras que en el 2019 se registraron 1365

Impact->Number of people affected
Impact->Impact on people
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


• El % de DC es mayor al % de menores peruanos que viven en Lima Metropolitana  ( 4.6% )  y también de aquellos residentes de áreas urbanas  ( 7.2% )  según ENDES 2020.


Existían dos obstáculos principales en términos de percepción de costos. La primera es que, debido a que las mujeres estaban preocupadas por el costo de los servicios y tenían una escasez de información al respecto, no visitaron los establecimientos del MINSA y, por lo tanto, no se en  teraron de que algunos servicios eran gratuitos. El segundo problema es que, incluso cuando los trabajadores de salud estaban en condiciones de informar a las mujeres migrantes sobre los servicios gratuitos, no lo hicieron. Esto está ejemplificado por las dos mujeres embarazadas que pasaron casi la mitad de su período de gestación pagando por la atención del embarazo cuando debería haber sido gratuita.


Costos: Las mujeres migrantes estaban particularmente preocupa  das por los costos asociados con la obtención de atención y anticonceptivos en los SSR. Dieciséis participantes de Lima no tenían trabajo, y seis eran vendedoras ambulantes. Dado que el 84 % de los participantes creía que era necesario com  prar anticonceptivos en una farmacia, les resultaba muy difícil comprarlos. Dejando de lado los bajos salarios, había una percepción de que la medicina y la atención médica en Perú eran costosos en general: «No voy a visitar al médico porque tienes que pagar por todo, muchas pruebas, todo es pagado»


Hasta el 31 de julio de 2020, el número de afiliados al SIS, a nivel nacional alcanzaba a 53,089 personas, creciendo en 55% desde el año 2018 en que era solo de 23,651. Sin embargo, es notable que ese total representa una proporción muy reducida de la población venezolana en el Perú que en la actualidad bordea el millón de personas.


Envío de remesas a familiares: El 67% de las mujeres venezolanas envía dinero de forma continua a sus familiares en Venezuela. En el caso de las mujeres peruanas, el 10% envía dinero a algún familiar en provincia


Como se puede observar, hay ausencia de empatía entre las mujeres peruanas y venezolanas, a pesar de percibir el trato diferenciado que reciben y que discrimina a las migrantes venezolanas, generándose condiciones que dificultan la integración entre ambos grupos.


Research also indicates that oversexualized stereotypes about Venezuelan women in Peruvian society may influence the kinds of job opportunities available to Venezuelan women. Indeed, they are more likely to find work in public facing roles, such as in retail, bars, and restaurants, than in domestic work or childcare. Outside the workplace, these negative stereotypes also make it difficult for Venezuelan women to integrate socially in their host communities.


Las expresiones xenofóbicas son otra de las formas de violencia que más enfrentan las mujeres venezolanas en la vía pública en Lima, el uso del término “veneca' es frecuentemente usado de manera peyorativa, generándoles malestar


3.4 Documento usado para ingresar al Perú El 74,8% de las personas venezolanas que ingresaron al Perú usaron como documento de entrada el pasaporte vigente, el 19,3% cédula de identidad o DNI, el 4,6% certificado o partida de nacimiento, el 0,8% mencionó haber utilizado su pasaporte vencido de fecha y el 0,5% ingresaron sin documento alguno. Según sexo, el 75,1% de hombres y el 74,4% de mujeres ingresaron con pasaporte vigente, el 18,6% de hombres utilizaron cédula de identidad, 1,4 puntos porcentuales menos que las mujeres  ( 20,0% ) . El 5,0% de los hombres y el 4,1% de mujeres utilizaron partida de nacimiento.


La necesidad del tráfico aumentó durante la pandemia de Covid 19 El uso de traficantes fue más frecuente entre las personas encuestadas que migraron más recientemente  ( ver Figura 4 ) . Existe una diferencia significativa6 entre el uso de traficantes antes y durante la pandemia de Covid 19: el 62% de las personas encuestadas que migraron antes de la pandemia  ( 1283/2069 )  utilizaron traficantes, mientras que la cifra fue de 81% entre las que migraron durante la pandemia  ( 1020/1259 ) .


El migrante con VIH como amenaza A estos discursos xenofóbicos se les superpone el estigma al VIH y a la desinformación generalizada sobre las vías de transmisión del VIH, muy presente en nuestra sociedad 26. Cuando los medios de comunicación informaron sobre la realidad de los migrantes con VIH que llegaban a Perú, aparecieron en redes sociales discursos donde el migrante con VIH era percibido como una amenaza sanitaria. Una especie de portador de una plaga.


El impacto de la disminución de la actividad económica sobre el empleo en los diferentes sectores no es proporcional a la caída de la actividad económica en ese sector, ya que algunos ajustan más la demanda de mano de obra a los vaivenes de la economía que otros. En el caso de Perú, la elasticidad productoempleo estimada para los sectores de restaurantes y hoteles es más del doble que la del comercio, pero ambas son varias veces superiores a la que presenta el sector de la agricultura  ( Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo de Perú, 2019 ) .


El Sector Refugio garantizará la coordinación y el trabajo entre las necesidades básicas relevantes, los socios de salud y protección para mejorar la calidad de alojamiento regular y especializado. Adicionalmente, los socios del Sector trabajarán conjuntamente con las autoridades nacionales y locales que implementan las regulaciones del sector, tales como el Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento, los gobiernos locales y regionales, el Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil  ( INDECI ) , el Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones vulnerables  ( MIMP ) , que administra los Centros de Acogida Residencial  ( CAR )  y los albergues para poblaciones vulnerables, tales como niños, niñas y adolescentes.


• La estrategia de respuesta se enfocará en fortalecer los servicios estatales disponibles de protección a la infancia y complementarlos cuando sea necesario. Los socios se centrarán en complementar los servicios disponibles de protección a la infancia del Estado mediante la implementación de programas adicionales para identificar a los niños refugiados y migrantes en riesgo, asistirlos a ellos, así como a sus familias, referirlos a los servicios estatales cuando sea apropiado.


El porcentaje de personas desempleadas ha aumentado 30%, en comparación con la ronda de monitoreo de febreromarzo.


Cerca de 90% de entrevistados se encuentra desempleado o en condiciones laborales precarias


Algunos medios de comunicación informan que la crisis sanitaria, social y económica ha hecho que varios venezolanos regresen a su país porque no tenían medios para sobrevivir en Perú  ( BBC, 2020 ) .


Monitoreos de protección de población venezolana del ACNUR  ( 2019 )  o de flujos de población de la OIM  ( 2020 )  indicaban, a finales de 2019 y principios de 2020, que el 35% de los casos monitoreados correspondían a personas que ingresaron al Perú únicamente con la cédula de identidad venezolana, y en el Ecuador el 30% de las mismas expresaron haber ingresado de manera irregular.