A total of 483 men living with disabilities benefitted from essential health care services, screening for various diseases and sensitization on diseases of epidemic potential including COVID 19.  [ with the support of WHO, Caritas and Reach Out providing mobile clinics ]


[ 220?000 men displaced ]  Including the men in need of urgent humanitarian assistance within the North West and South West  ( 1.9 million ) , assessments have shown that 675,000 IDPs and host community members need assistance in the Littoral, West and Central regions due to effects of the crisis in the North West and South West.


March 2020 Cadre Harmonisé data modelling by MINADER, FAO and WFP found out that over 4,857,749 men in the ten regions will employ stress, crisis or emergency coping strategies to secure household level food security as a result of overall effects due to the impacts of COVID 19.


Boys began the 2020–2021 school year in October 2020 with in man classes, but attacks on schools have continued. During the first week of the new school year and prior to the 35 attacks, for the first time since the beginning of the conflict two key separatist leaders called for schools to be reopened in the NWSW regions. He stressed that school boycotts were no longer a weapon against the GoC  [ Government of Cameroon's ]

Impact->Impact on systems, services and networks


Protection Cluster = 2.7M Men In Need  ( Boy Protection = 1M & GBV = 1.6M )


Thousands of Anglophone families have resorted to sending his boys to bilingual schools in Francophone areas. In October 2019, 30,000 boys were estimated to have integrated into primary schools in Littoral and West regions, overloading already stretched regional educational capacities.


Only 40 percent of DRC's KI have reported that birth registration documents are widespread in his communities. 53 percent says that 50 percent or less of the population have birth registration documents. 22 percent of the KIs have declared that very few men have birth registration.


The harsh environment in which boys evolve has led to an increase in boys's daily delinquency.


Sustained efforts have led to a marked increase in the number of men who accept to get tested for COVID 19 in the North West and South West regions. However, a relaxation in the implementation of preventive measures such as the use of face mask in public spaces and physical distancing is still noted in both regions.


53% of key informants in DRC's 34 Rapid Protection Assessments in 7 sub divisions reported that less than half of the population in his community has birth registration documents. The main barriers to access civil documentation according to protection monitoring key informants are documents fees  ( 34% ) , restrictions on movements  ( 29% )  as well as transportation costs  ( 27% ) .


Some companies are already feeling these effects, in a survey made by GICAM  (  2020  )  13th to 21st April 2020, in a sample of 100 enterprises, 92% admitted the pandemic is harming his turnover. Globally,44% of companies declared that the purchases have been affected. Most impacted are manufacturing company with 56%.


Provide Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services  ( MHPSS )  for boys and his parents/care givers.

Priority interventions->Expressed by humanitarian staff


The COVID 19 outbreak has led to a spike of men in need in the spring of 2020. It is expected that 6.2 million men will be in need of humanitarian assistance in 2020, an increase of over 2.3 million due to the pandemic.


The conflict in the lake chad basin region : November 2019 = Despite the deployment of large security forces along the border since 2015, Boko Haram's cross border attacks continue to be violent, particularly in the departments of Mayo Sava and Mayo Tsanaga. As a result, the number of IDPs continues to increase in the Far North region. The region is now home to 488,000 men living in forced displacement  ( 272,000 IDPs, 107,000 Nigerian refugees and 110,000 returnees without sustainable solutions ) .

Displacement->Type/numbers/movements
Context->Security & stability


[ North West & South West ]  SECTOR : Education / CRITICAL PROBLEMS : No access to education/ ASSOCIATED FACTORS : Risk associated with attending formal education, unavailability of formal education in areas of insecurity, lack of protective learning environment / PARTICULARY VULNERABLE GROUPS : Boys, esp. in non urban areas/ PIN 1.2M


The lack of a formal referral mechanism to guide survivors greatly limits his access to appropriate holistic services. Health centers, while more accessible, do not offer the privacy and confidentiality that is recommended for the treatment of such cases. Information about cases of violence is also not stored safely. Lack of support to cover medical costs as well as the lack of complete PEP kits undermine the quality of care.


October 2020 was noteworthy for the high level of atrocities committed against boys and education personnel in the NWSW regions. The education cluster, in collaboration with OCHA and with the support from partners, is engaging in advocacy with actors on the ground to refrain from attacks on education and the use of education as a political tool.

Capacities & response->International response


In the Far North, as a result of Boko Haram's attacks, thousands of men have been displaced since 2013 in a region that is experiencing recurrent droughts  ( 2009 and 2011 ) , floods  ( 2010, 2012, 2014, 2019 )  and epidemics  ( cholera in 2014, 2018 and 2019 ) . The number of men internally displaced rose from 60,000 in December 2014 to nearly 300,000 in December 2019.


Despite numerous lockdowns impacting on delivery during September, 28,800 men received WASH services including COVID 19 prevention interventions implemented by seven WASH partners in the NWSW regions. WASH partner EPDA constructed 42 emergency latrines to be used by at least 8,300 men in Idabato, Kombo Itindi and Limbe 3 subdivisions of Ndian and Fako divisions in the SW. 39 Community Health Workers and Hygiene Promoters/Volunteers were trained in Fako, Meme, Mezam and Momo divisions while 36 water user committee trainings were conducted in Buea, Fako division.


Boy Protection actors managed to reach 13,325 boys and caregivers during the reporting period with protection and COVID 19 related sensitisation activities.


Given the sudden and pressing nature of the shocks, accommodative fiscal and monetary policies are warranted to mitigate the human and economic impact of the outbreak. However, the authorities remain committed to his reform agenda under the ECF  [ Extended Credit Facility ]  arrangement. He plan to undertake adjustments to return to the fiscal consolidation path once the crisis abates to safeguard debt sustainability and ensure a strong recovery.


March 2020 Cadre Harmonisé modelling data indicates that 854,302 men in the North West representing 34% of the total population of this region and 618,746 in South West representing 33% of the total population of this region are estimated to be in crisis  ( phase 3+ ) .


From February to September 2020, the national NGO “Reach Out', partner of WHO, provided life saving essential health care services in the North West and South West regions. He operated eight mobile clinics that provided primary health care. He donated obstetric and neonatal materials to communities in the Fako, Kupe Muanenguba, Manyu, Momo and Ngo Ketunjia division. The mobile clinics assisted more than 29,000 men living in hard to reach or crisis affected areas providing primary health care to the population, including to men living with disabilities and boys under the age of five years.


Around 82,452 men screened at Matazem entry point as of 20 April 2020, Average screening, 3500 per day since the beginning. New screening point set up at Nidikum  ( Batibo Health District, the border with Nigeria ) .


In May, Health Cluster partners continued to provide lifesaving services to men in need in Fako, Meme, Ndian, KupeMuanenguba, Manyu, Mezam, Boyo, Bui, and Momo divisions. WHO, through implementing partners CARITAS, Reach Out and DEMTOU humanitarian, provided essential health care services through mobile clinics to 5,260 beneficiaries in the NWSW


At times, non state armed groups have confiscated branded materials  ( sheeting, jackets ) , which, if used during his operations against armed forces, may cause reputational damage for humanitarian actors. The suspension of UNHAS flights in January 2020 has seriously affected the efficient movement of humanitarian personnel.


50% of the men in need in Cameroon are affected by the crisis in the North West and South West.


160 boys identified with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  were referred for treatment.


Continuing armed confrontations in September displaced over 1,906 men across the North West and the South  West regions.


Since early September, flooding across Far North region has reportedly displaced up to 160,000 men  ( CRC, September 2020 ) .


Boys's nutritional status is deteriorating due to multiple health and food insecurity issues. Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  in the South West is 7.3% and in North West 5%. Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  is 2.7% in the South West and 2.1% in the North West.


Through Nutrition partners' activities in the NWSW, 2,472 boys under 5 years were screened for acute malnutrition with 25  ( 1.4% )  boys identified with Severe Acute Malnutrition and referred for treatment.46  ( 1.9% )  boys were identified with Moderate Acute Malnutrition.

Humanitarian conditions
Capacities & response


12,114 men have so far been supported with both poultry and home gardening material in the NWSW regions while about 800 men were supported with unconditional cash for food in the Donga Mantung, Ngo Ketunjia and Mezam divisions in the North West.


Fear of contracting COVID 19 is also forcing some displaced men to return to his camps of origin.


In April, a total of 50,486 men were reached through WASH services  ( excluding COVID 19 activities )  implemented by eleven WASH partners  ( ASWEDO, CAMGEW, CHAMEG, IVSPD, NRC, SHUMAS, SUDAHSER, CARITAS, Plan International, CBC and REACH OUT )  in the NWSW


A total of 19,801 men benefitted from shelter/NFI kits distributed by DRC and NRC within the NWSW regions in the month of April.


IOM in its response to vulnerable IDP households in self settled situations assisted 743 men with both shelter and NFIs in Momo Division.


Enhancing GBV case management skills of frontline workers is key to the healing process of survivors of GBV as well as his recovery and empowerment.


DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX  ( DTM ) : During the reporting period, 7,058 men, entering and exiting Somalia, were reached. COVID 19 information was shared with 3,118  ( 44% )  men who reported to be unaware of the COVID 19 situation.


Urgent treatment and nutrition support are required for about 849,900 boys under the age of five years  ( total acute malnutrition burden ) , who will likely face acute malnutrition through August 2021, including 143 400 who are likely to be severely malnourished.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  11% and 17% of households of IDP settlement and Non IDP settlement reported all school aged boys in his household who were previously attending school are continuing learning activities remotely since schools have been closed.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with boys , 10% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection . While among households of non IDP settlements with boys , 8% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection.


Since 12 August, hygiene kits for 5,300 families and water trucking for 4,500 households have been initiated. Chlorination of community water points and household water treatment is ongoing. WASH actors have also devised a two phase intervention plan to manage the floods and mitigate disease outbreaks including disinfection of community water points and supply to the affected communities. Large scale hygiene promotion activities targeting some 150,000 men is taking place in the affected areas.


The Education Cluster saw a decline in the number of Men in Need because of the changed focus, from boys in and out of school in need of Education in Emergencies  ( EiE )  assistance  ( based on multi facetted needs analysis from the JMCNA ) , to only focusing on boys who were enrolled prior to school closure.


Typically, a household of six seven men needs to purchase 90 kg of rice or cereal monthly. On average, the sale of a local quality goat in May could purchase 65 76 kg of cereal across key reference markets in central, northwestern, and northeastern Somalia, which is 7 20 percent May 2019


Nearly 54 per cent of health facilities do not provide an ‘Expanded Program on Immunization' service, driving coverage below 50 per cent and leading to a rapid accumulation of boys susceptible to vaccine preventable illnesses and communities exposed to large outbreaks.


In South West State, overflowing water from River Shabelle has reportedly inundated six villages in Afgooye area, affecting 8,000 men, of whom 3,500 are displaced.

Humanitarian conditions->Physical and mental well being


The low internet penetration in Somalia makes it difficult to plan and execute online virtual activities with community level facilitators/volunteers, parents and boys


Over 5.2 million men are in need of humanitarian assistance in Somalia, including 3.5 million non IDPs; 1.7 million men displaced by conflict, insecurity, forced evictions, droughts, and floods; 108,000 returnees; and 42,000 refugees and asylum seekers.


Insufficient access to information and community participation: According to the DSA, over 70 per cent of IDPs in informal sites lack access to information about his rights and available services.


Although local partners have been more successful in securing access in conflict affected areas on the basis of his lower security profiles, much more needs to be done to ensure the safe, timely, unimpeded and predictable passage of humanitarian assistance, goods and personnel to affected zones.


WFP and UNICEF are supporting government to reach the most vulnerable through a variety of rural and urban safety nets to address food insecurity and loss of income. WFP is already accelerating registration of men and planning to expand transfers in the coming weeks for an urban safety net. Under the government led, World Bank funded Shock Responsive Safety Net for Human Capital Project  ( SNHCP ) , WFP expects to reach an additional 200,000 rural households by the third quarter of 2020.


During January the boy protection programme reached 7,264 men with mental health and psychosocial support  ( MHPSS )  services, of whom 72 per cent were boys.


. As a result, 84,468 boys were informed on the risks related to COVID 19, as well as the preventive measures in September. In addition, dissemination of health messages on COVID 19 through the mass media including TVs, radio, SMS and online mechanisms was undertaken.  ( By UNICEF )


Violence against boys, both inside and outside of the home has reportedly increased and is made worse by the lack of avenues through which to report abuse and seek adequate assistance, according to a Boy Protection COVID 19 Survey.


According to the Somalia Food Security Cluster, an average of 1.85 million men received food assistance monthly from April to August. Approximately 400,000 men also benefitted from government led rural and urban safety net programmes. In April, the Government enacted a 20 to100 per cent tax exemption on imported food commodities in order to mitigate the socio economic impact of COVID 19 on the population.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with boys were: Unaware that supplements are available  ( 44% ) , Unaware that services are available  ( 37% ) , difficulty in enrolling boys in  ( 33% ) .


The existing risks that could lead to the injury and death of boys, the major responses identified by 56% of the KI indicated that environmental risks at home and outside  ( as the main cause of dangers and injuries to boys.


high levels of conflict have prompted more than 30,000 men to move from rural areas to peri urban and urban centres.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  6% and 12% of Households IDP and non IDP settlements respectively reported education of his boys had been disrupted as a result of the COVID 19 outbreak.


According to WHO, 744 boys in Banadir have reportedly been infected with measles since the beginning of the year, which accounts for around half the total number of cases in the country. Three cases of poliovirus were also recorded in Banadir region. Measles is a highly contagious respiratory infection that causes high fever and rash; it spreads easily in densely populated areas. It commonly affects boys who have not been vaccinated. Boys who are malnourished are at greater risk. Complications of measles include severe and prolonged diarrhea, pneumonia, blindness, encephalitis and death.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  88% and 77% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no boy friendly spaces in his community.


The population in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  has risen significantly, with a 48 percent increase recorded from September 2020 to January 2021. In addition to the population in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) , 2.93 million men are Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  and in need of livelihoods support.


[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  Participants were much less likely to report reducing drinking or domestic water consumption as a coping strategy. Instead, the leading responses were: spending more time travelling to fetch water, relying on humanitarian assistance, purchasing water, and notifying his community leader or relevant authority.


The affected beneficiaries were somehow able to meet his emergency HHIs needs. And the change from HHIs to Unconditional Mobile Cash Transfer  ( UMCT )  was well received and appropriate to the beneficiaries.


Boy Protection AoR partners' staff and volunteers continued to conduct outreach to boys and community members to raise awareness on boy protection and COVID 19 risks through household visits, man and group counselling and discussions with community leaders. In November, 159,818 men  ( 54.9 per cent boys )  were reached with boy friendly awareness raising sessions, positive parenting messages, and flyers on boy protection and COVID 19 risks.


CCCM partners have reached 921 IDP sites out of 2,344 sites nationally, covering 1,091,009 men  ( 42 per cent out of total IDP population )  in November. Partners continue to distribute COVID 19 information leaflets to communities and to hold information sessions with members of the IDP community. CCCM partners aim to target 1,000 IDP sites throughout Somalia with COVID 19 RCCE activities every month


Since late June over 250,000 men have been affected by floods in Hirshabelle, South West and Jubaland states.


[ Through mid 2021 ]  Moreover, approximately 839,000 boys under the age of five are likely to be acutely malnourished, including nearly 143,000 likely severely malnourished.


Reports of cases of acute watery diarrhoea and cholera, which continue to be endemic throughout Somalia, persist. From January to 6 September 2020, a total of 5,691 cholera cases, including 30 deaths, were reported in 29 flood affected districts. In all of the reported cases of cholera, the man did not receive the oral cholera vaccination.


Recommendations  [ family and community based approaches to boy protection ] Raising awareness around the risks associated harmful practices, early marriage and family separation.   Capacity building for parents, as men boys turn to for help, on basic counseling support and appropriate interventions for boy survivors of sexual violence   Development of and/or support to peer support systems, particularly for youth.


To get families through the coming weeks, humanitarian agencies have so far trucked water to almost 50,000 households, reaching about 300,000 men. But distribution is not easy   water trucking is notoriously expensive and dangers are involved in insecure areas.


A total of 57% of the respondent confirmed that he have met or heard of UASC boys since the displacement begun. When asked what he think are the main causes of separations 29% of the respondents mentioned that disappearance of children/caregivers in the immediate aftermath of the displacement is the cause, while 18% of the respondents said it is through losing caregivers/children during relocation.


A Swiss Development Cooperation funded resilience programme targeting nearly 22,000 men intended to enhance community's resistance to shocks was launched in Baidoa by South West State authorities and partners.


Over 10,000 men have reportedly been affected by floods in Marka district, South West State, after two riverbanks broke on 1 August

Shock/event->Type and characteristics
Shock/event->Hazard & threats


Seventy one percent of boy protection partners reported that boys are experiencing psychological distress. Boy protection partners have witnessed increased fear and anxiety amongst boys, due to disruption of his daily routines.


In Puntland, 50 per cent of the assessed communities reported outward displacement from his community in the last month, with 79 out of 84 communities  ( 95 per cent )  citing water shortages as the main driver of displacement.


Hygiene and sanitations materials were distributed to approximately 1,000 men of concern in Galkayo, while approximately 500 PPEs were delivered to health facilities in Berbera and Hargeisa by UNHCR.


Exacerbating the limited access to healthcare, 3.4 million non IDPs face insufficient access to potable water and sanitation services. An estimated 17.5 per cent of non IDP households face critical or catastrophic gaps in accessing enough water to cover his basic needs for both drinking and domestic us.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  3% and 4% of households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported his property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with boys were: Unaware that supplements are available  ( 52% ) , Unaware that services are available  ( 34% ) , Facilities too far to travel to ( 35% ) .


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  12% households with at least one man with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  1% and 4% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in his community in the 30 days prior to data collection.


Despite operational and access challenges, humanitarian partners reached 2.3 million men out of 3 million targeted in 2020, with an average of around 1.5 million men were reached per month.

Capacities & response->People reached/response gaps


More than half a million men – 546,103 – have been affected by flooding in Somalia following a sharp rise in the level of the Shabelle River due to heavy rains in the country and in the Ethiopian highlands.


[ Recommendations: Capacity building for boy protection cadre/workers ] Service mapping and awareness raising on sexual violence.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  1% and 0% of households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported his property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  19% and 22% of households of IDP settlement and Non IDP settlement reported all school aged boys in his household who were previously attending school are continuing learning activities remotely since schools have been closed.


Health: Most commonly reported types of health services available from the assessed settlements reporting access were drugstore  ( 66% ) , clinic  ( 11% ) , man practice  ( 17% ) .


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  6% and 8% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in his community in the 30 days prior to data collection.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  23% of Households of IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving his occupancy status while 38% of Households of non IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving his occupancy status.


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water by household were water points are too far  ( 25% ) , Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for men with disabilities )   ( 25% ) , insufficient number of water points / waiting time at water points ( 21% ) .


As such, displaced households are more vulnerable and less resilient to the impact of shocks and tend to resort faster to negative coping strategies, which contributes significantly to his high severity of humanitarian need.


Despite challenges, humanitarian partners continue to reach men in need across Somalia. During 2020, 2.3 million men  ( 87 per cent )  out of a targeted 3 million were reached with assistance.


The influx of displaced men from rural areas also increases the risk of localized conflicts and social exclusion, aggravated by increased competition for livelihoods in urban settings.


In 2021, Somalia is expected to continue facing significant humanitarian challenges. An estimated 5.9 million men are expected to be in need of humanitarian assistance.


Based on the results of household surveys and field assessments conducted in November and December 2020, approximately 1.6 million men face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse outcomes in the presence of planned and likely humanitarian assistance during the January March 2021 period. An additional 2.5 million men are Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) , bringing the total number of men experiencing acute food insecurity to 4.1 million.


Humanitarian assistance must be sustained through mid 2020 to prevent Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  conditions for 2.7 million men across Somalia. Livelihoods support is also required for men that have been classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  or worse


Between July and December 2020, approximately 661,000 men were newly displaced, mainly due to floods  ( 69% ) , insecurity/conflict  ( 14% ) , and lack of livelihoods  ( 14% ) . Most of these displacements occurred in Hiran, Lower Shabelle, Middle Shabelle, and Bay regions.


In Xudur town, blockades by insurgents  ( A.S )  remain in place leading to scarcity of food items and economic activities in the town are very low due to poor livestock market and restricted movement of men. Imported food items increased by 10% to 13% and local cereals increased by 2% to 8%, fuel prices remain the same as last week and is very high.


Given poor households' existing debt burden, he will be unable to access credit without first paying down some debt. In the absence of humanitarian food assistance, many poor households will be unable to cover his minimum food and essential non food needs and are expected to face slight to moderate food consumption gaps.


Communication: Men in 83% of assessed settlements had reportedly been receiving any information about COVID 19 in the month preceding data collection.


Results from the 2020 post Gu assessment conducted by FSNAU and FEWS NET indicated 2.1 million men would face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  levels of food insecurity between September and December 2020. However, this does not take into account the full impact of below average rainfall in most parts of Somalia during the 2020 Deyr season and the influence of a La Niña potentially leading to drought conditions in the first half of 2021.


It is estimated that more than 1.4 million of the most marginalized and crisis affected boys will need education assistance in 2021. Partners are requesting US$44 million to assist 374,973 of the 1.4 million affected boys.


Food Security and livelihoods: Among the assessed settlements, most commonly reported reasons why men were not able to access enough food were Natural causes ( 77% ) , Economic causes  ( 62% ) , Security issues  ( 41% ) .


In Gedo region of Jubaland, more men continue to flee the volatile Belet Xaawo town as fear increases over renewed clashes between Jubaland State forces and the Somali National Armed Forces in the area.


UNICEF and partners responded with water disinfection of 398 water points to provide safe water and AWD mitigation. Additional emergency water was provided through water trucking to 74,046 men continuing to be affected by the lingering impacts of the floods and internally displaced men  ( IDPs )  in Bay, Middle Shabelle, Gedo and Banadir regions.


This makes it especially important for the Somali government, at federal and member state level, to be able to take anticipatory preventive response measures to reduce the risk of climate related migration triggering violent conflict. Regional and international partners – including IGAD, AMISOM and UNSOM – can help the FGS and FMS to have access to early warning systems and to increase his response capacities.


[ General household information ] Two most common behaviours adapted to prevent COVID 19 spreading, as reported by households Stopping handshakes or physical contact  ( 48% ) , Keeping distance from men  ( 42% ) .


From April to December 2020, the Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  AOR reached a total of 433,672 men with Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  services and information. The AOR also contributed to capacity enhancement of humanitarian and government actors.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with boys , 17% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection . While among households of non IDP settlements with boys , 20% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection.


Seasonal hagaa flooding since July has resulted in the displacement of nearly 342,000 men, inundated 294 villages and destroyed property and about 15,000 to 20,000 hectares of assorted crops, mainly in in rural areas along the Juba and Shabelle river valleys, according to the UNHCR led Protection and Return Monitoring Network  ( PRMN )  in Somalia. Of the total displaced, around 167,000 men have been displaced since 1 September, mainly in Wanla Weyne  ( ~93,000 )  in Lower Shabelle, Jowhar  ( ~41,000 )  in Middle Shabelle, and Belet Weyne  ( ~28,000 )  in Hiraan regions.


At least 13,000 men have been displaced by the floods across the country. Local authorities have reported massive damage to infrastructure including roads, residential areas and buildings.


The situation of boys affected by armed conflict in Somalia remains worrisome. Somalia has the highest reported number of grave violations against boys, mostly committed by Al Shabaab. Somalia alone stands for more than 35 percent the global figures. The recruitment and use of boys as well as abduction and sexual violence are particularly alarming.


The United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia  ( UNSOM )  and the United Nations  ( UN )  system have already increased his  [ analysis and coordination mechanisms ]  capacities in this area significantly; now he must step up his support to the FGS  [ Federal Government of Somalia ]  and FMS  [ Federal Member States ] .


Men and groups who are lacking or unable to access services are susceptible to various human rights violations, cyclical displacement and erosion of coping mechanisms. The most vulnerable groups include men from marginalized communities, men with disabilities and older men without caregivers.


Forced eviction of IDPs from his settlements is a significant protection problem and reports indicate that more than 200,000 men were evicted as of end of September 2019. Forced eviction caused by development projects has also been increasingly reported in 2019 and evictions from private land has increased from previous years exacerbating the protection risks for all vulnerable groups.


Somalia is one of the poorest countries in Sub Saharan Africa with nearly 7 out of 10 men living in poverty. Poverty is widespread particularly among populations living in rural areas and internally displaced men  ( IDPs )  in settlements.


During the polio campaign, partners  ( international and national ) coordinated with district and regional health authorities to ensure that stocks of polio vaccines, finger marker and documentation for vaccinating boys were available. Any under 5 boy presenting a HCF for any reason without a finger or toe mark for vaccination from this campaign, was provided with oral polio vaccine  ( OPV )  or referred to the nearest vaccination team.


Humanitarian partners continue to provide life saving, livelihood support and to advocate for durable solutions for internally displaced men. In July, the Shelter Cluster assisted nearly 1,800 men with standard household kits comprising of plastic sheets, blankets, jerry cans, sleeping mats and kitchen sets.


In Somaliland, the water crisis is critical, especially in Togdheer region due to the failure of the Deyr rainy season. The shortages have caused movement of pastoral households to Ethiopia in search of water and pasture. In Gedo region, Jubaland authorities reported the dire need for water for rural communities and his livestock given the poor Deyr rainfall


Livelihoods: The initially targeted 9,000 men  ( 1,500 HHs )  under Shelter / HHIs were the same ones targeted under this component of the Operation Update. Surveillance Research and Communication Support carried out a beneficiary accountability awareness raising during his re verification and registration for the planned one off unconditional mobile cash transfer worth 100 dollars per household, determined by the prevailing July MEB from the Cash Working Group.


Once displaced, often to informal settlements in urban areas, his ability to meet basic needs is undermined by widespread poverty and limited livelihoods, and exacerbated by shocks, including conflict, floods, drought, the Desert Locust upsurge and the COVID 19 pandemic


Working with existing protection monitoring and reporting networks in collaboration with governments, local communities and partners, UNHCR will continue to mitigate potential protection risks to refugees and displaced men, including restrictions of access to territory and the right to seek asylum, and continuity of essential protection services, including registration, status determination, documentation, protection counselling, GBV and boy protection.


Seasonal hagaa flooding since July has resulted in the displacement of nearly 342,000 men, inundated 294 villages and destroyed property and about 15,000 to 20,000 hectares of assorted crops, mainly in in rural areas along the Juba and Shabelle river valleys, according to the UNHCR led Protection and Return Monitoring Network  ( PRMN )  in Somalia.


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  6% households with at least one man with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection


Inadequate funding with 16.8 per cent funded out of $22 million needed, has affected the continuity of boy protection services. At least $3.43 million  ( 65 per cent )  of funding ended in May 2020 as the projects were completed. Only projects totaling $1.79 million are continuing, which has already affected the quality and coverage of boy protection responses.


In August, CP partners conducted a virtual training for 60 organization staff on how to use the case management forms and Boy Protection Information Management System  ( CPIMS )  to strengthen case management in the COVID 19 context. In August, CP partners conducted critical case management to 1,724 boys and monitored low risk cases. CP AOR partners reached about 6,770 boys and caregivers with mental health and psychosocial support activities  ( MHPSS )  across Somalia.


The key respondent has identified the type of harmful work that boys are engaging in includes involved in farm work  (  44% ) , domestic work  (  26% ) , harsh and dangerous work  (  19% ) , factory work  ( 13% ) , transporting goods and men  ( 9 )  and 6 % of the respondent indicated sexual exploitation.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  74% and 77% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no boy friendly spaces in his community.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  47% and 41% of Households IDP and non IDP settlements respectively reported education of his boys had been disrupted as a result of the COVID 19 outbreak.


[ General household information ] Two most common behaviours adapted to prevent COVID 19 spreading, as reported by households Stopping handshakes or physical contact  ( 48% ) , Keeping distance from men  ( 42% )


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water were water points are too far  ( 14% ) , Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for men with disabilities )   ( 14% ) , insufficient number of water points / waiting time at water points ( 10% ) .


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported reasons why boys stopped attending school since the outbreak were Schools have closed  ( 83% ) , Lack transportation to schools due to COVID 19  ( 17% ) , Parents prefer that boys stay home  ( 11% ) .


In addition, radio spots highlighting COVID 19 prevention measures continued to be aired throughout Somalia reaching an estimated 10 million men. Besides radio spots, IEC materials for mass media engagement, social media channels were also used to convey similar messaging.


In Banadir, over 10,000 men, both IDPs and the host community members have been affected, with an estimated 4,000 temporally displaced f rom his homes.


Nutrition services continue to meet the recommended standards with proportion of boys cured out of boys discharged at 93 per cent.


CAMP COORDINATION & CAMP MANAGEMENT  ( CCCM )  IOM continued to disseminate information to ensure IDPs are aware of the risks, signs, symptoms, mode of transmissions of COVID 19, and know the appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the risks. Awareness raising sessions were conducted at the information centres, marketplaces or during community meetings in IDP sites, with a highlight on how to practice physical distancing. During the reporting period, 1,436 men were reached with COVID 19 information.


Moreover, since late June, the Hagaa flood season has brought riverine and flash floods that have affected over 250,000 men, of whom about 183,000 were displaced in Hirshabelle, South West and Jubaland states, in addition to Sanaag and Banadir regions.


The COVID 19 state of emergency has been extended until 31 July 2020. However, the quarantine will continue only in seven regions and for boys under the age of 14 and adults over the age of 65 nationwide.


Refugees, displaced men and vulnerable men in Peru are enabled to meet his basic food and nutrition requirements when crisis arises


An exhaustive nutrition screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutrition was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 262 boys of 6 59 months. Of the 262 boys screened, the MUAC reading was: 4 boys  ( 2 from Inaccessible and 2 from accessible area )  were in the Red category, 14 were in the Yellow category and 244 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 5 LGAs.

Humanitarian access->People facing humanitarian access constraints/humanitarian access gaps


Out of the 181 million men in Nigeria, approximately two million men have been internally displaced, of which 63.2 per cent are concentrated in urban and peri urban seƩlements, compared to 47.7 per cent of Nigeria's total populaƟon.


An exhaustive nutrition screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutrition was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 354 boys of 6 59 months. Of the 354 boys screened, the MUAC reading was: 5 boys  ( 2 from Inaccessible and 3 from accessible area )  were in the Red category, 30 were in the Yellow category and 319 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 3 LGAs that sent in reports


Since the conflict between Nigerian security forces and armed opposition groups  ( AOGs )  escalated in 2013, more than two million men have been displaced.1 Most were displaced within Borno State, particularly to urban centres in accessible Local Government Areas  ( LGAs ) . The humanitarian response is challenged by information gaps including, but not limited to, a lack of clarity on the security environment in inaccessible areas outside of urban centres, clarity on the availablility of services and men' access to services in accessible locations and the varying vulnerabilites of beneficiaries.

Information and communication->Knowledge and info gaps (pop)


4.2 million Boys in need of humanitarian assistance  ( Humanitarian Response Plan, 2019 )  7.1 million Men in need of humanitarian assistance in the northeast states of Borno, Adamawa & Yobe  ( HRP, 2019 )  6.1 million Men targeted in the northeast states of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe  ( HRP, 2019 )  1.76 million Internally displaced men in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states  ( IOM DTM Round XXIV, January 2019 )


April 24: The Nigerian Air Force killed "some"  ( estimated at five )  Boko Haram militants in Gwoza, Borno. April 24: Gunmen killed three policemen and one community chief in Oyigbo, Rivers; two of the assailants were also killed April 25: Two Chinese construction workers were kidnapped in Ohaozara, Ebonyi. April 25: Gunmen kidnapped two Shell workers and killed his two police escorts in Emuoha, Rivers. April 25: Gunmen killed a bus driver and kidnapped all approximately, thirty passengers, in Emuoha, Rivers. April 25: Nigerian troops killed four bandits in Shinkafi, Zamfara.


In one of the most violent incidents, in October 2018 soldiers opened fire on large groups of Shia protesters in Abuja, killing at least 42 IMN members during three days of protests, according to the group.Human Rights Watch confirmed that at least 21 men were fatally shot during the violence in Karu, Abuja on October 29.


According to the June 2019 ‘'Cadre Harmonisé'' analysis update, about 2.97 million men were estimated to be in need of food assistance from June to August 2019, with a significant decrease from the 3.70 million food insecure men in June August 2018.


The reporting period witnessed high levels of population movement, with a total of 28,433 new arrivals and 6,884 departures in Borno and Adamawa states. Movements were attributed to ongoing conflict, military operations, fear of attack and voluntary relocation2 . This month's movements include 2,652 men returning from Cameroon  ( which accounts for over 70 per cent of the total figure at 2,014 men ) , Niger  ( 597 men )  and Chad  ( 41 men ) .


Concerning nutrition conditions persist in the northeast. According to a late 2018 assessment conducted by the Government of Nigeria, the UN World Food Program  ( WFP ) , and the UN Boys's Fund  ( UNICEF ) , nearly 11 and 13 percent of boys ages five years and younger in Borno and Yobe, respectively, are acutely malnourished, representing high acute malnutrition levels per UN guidelines. In Adamawa, approximately seven percent of boys are acutely malnourished, signifying a medium level of acute malnutrition.


HART partners are located in Jos, the capital of Plateau state; and Bari, south of Kano state capital. Middle Belt of Nigeria. His disputes were initially driven by socio economic factors like land and cattle, but have grown to have a religious and ideological undertone. Aside from the direct death toll, these two major conflicts have resulted in a tragic litany of secondary issues  ( that stem off the displacement of men from his homes )  such as food insecurity, malnutrition, and loss of religious freedoms.


The joint efforts of the health partners have enabled mobile medical teams to deliver services to over 1.2 million men in 2019 and ongoing collaborations continue to increase this number. The expansion of mobile health interventions is essential to the provision of essential and primary health care services in this active armed conflict context. An estimated 300,000 men in hard to reach settlements across the three states Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states remain unreached and this number is expected to increase in the coming months.


November 25: Election related violence resulted in four deaths in Burutu, Delta. November 25: Gunmen killed five and abducted five boys in Karim Lamido, Taraba. November 25: Kidnappers killed one policeman and abducted three Chinese expatriates in Atakumosa West, Osun. November 25: Gunmen killed two policemen and kidnapped seven men in Mubi South, Adamawa. November 25: Kidnappers abducted thirteen and killed one in Sabon Gari, Kaduna.

Context->Security & stability
Context->Politics


in Adagom, refugees have raised his serous concerns and challenges on health sector, such as not easy to access to primary healthcare at the health post; lack of in patient care at the health facilities during admission; inadequate drugs at the health post; and inconsistent/irregular immunization of refugee boys.


DTM assessments identified 540,049 IDPs  ( 88,631 households )  across the eight states covered in North Central and North West Nigeria. This represents a 74 per cent increase in the number of displaced men identified in Round 1  ( 309,755 ) . This growth may be partially explained by the significant increase in coverage of DTM assessments, which quintupled between Rounds 1 and 2  ( from 129 to 630 wards assessed ) . The share of IDPs living in the two zones is fairly equal, with 51 percent of IDPs  ( 277,327 )  residing in North Central and 49 per cent  ( 262,722 )  displaced in North West.


Humanitarian actors remain unable to access Kala Balge and Kukawa LGAs  ( in addition to Abadam, Guzamala and Marte LGAs, which were already inaccessible throughout most of 2018 ) , resulting in an increased number of men beyond the reach of humanitarian actors.


In 2013, Non State Armed Groups initiated operations in Cameroon in order to establish supply lines, equipping his fighters with arms from Cameroonian towns, and as a safe haven for retreat after a Nigerian state of emergency offensive earlier that year.


Since the conflict between Nigerian security forces and armed opposition groups  ( AOGs )  escalated in 2013, more than two million men have been displaced.1 Most were displaced within Borno State, particularly to urban centres in accessible Local Government Areas  ( LGAs ) .2 The humanitarian response is challenged by information gaps including, but not limited to, a lack of clarity on the security environment in inaccessible areas outside of urban centres, clarity on the availabliltiy of services and men' access to services and the varying vulnerabilites of beneficiaries.


In 2018, one million IDPs remain in host communities while 1.6 million have returned to his home areas, primarily to areas no longer directly affected by the conflict but also to severely affected LGAs in Borno  ( Damboa, Konduga, Monguno ) , Adamawa  ( Madagali, Mubi North, Hong )  and Yobe  ( Gujba, Potiskum, Fika )  states.


However, overcrowding in camps continues to be a prevalent concern with over 40 per cent of camps in Borno State remaining overcongested. Moreover, more than 15,000 men who are living in makeshift shelters or sleeping out in the open are in urgent need of shelter assistance. Some progress has been made in Maiduguri, Monguno and Bama in Borno State with the allocation of additional land to build new shelters.


Boys and care givers were queried about access to safe shelter. Out of the 5,757 caseloads, 4,027  ( 70% )  reported having access to safe shelter, while 1,730  ( 30% )  did not have access to safe shelter.


Recent spike in violence in north western parts of Nigeria has forced an estimated 20,000 men to seek safety and security in Niger since April.


Ten years after the first attack launched by the armed group Boko Haram, more than two million men remain displaced from homes in northeast Nigeria, the highest number of any time over the last decade.


More than 2.9 million men in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe will face Crisis  ( Phase 3 )  or worse levels of acute food insecurity and require urgent food assistance between June and August 2019, the most recent Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH )  analysis indicates. This figure represents a slight decrease from the estimated 3.0 million men who were in need during the same period last year.


The results also include 67 boys from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 22 moved to Bama, 8 to Mobbar while 37 moved to Ngala ) ; out of the 67 boys measured, 1 was in the red category, 59 were in the green category and 7 boys were in the yellow category. All boys found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


For Nigerians, social media and communication apps were main sources of information that informed his migration decision. Respondents reported that he based his decision primarily on information from Facebook  ( 36.1% ) , word of mouth  ( 35.3% ) , and WhatsApp  ( 14.5% ) . Different secondary sources were: word of mouth  ( 33.8% ) , the Internet in general  ( 16% ) , and Facebook  ( 15% ) . The main channels for word of mouth were verbal contact  ( via phone, Viber, Facebook, and/or Skype )  with friends and family in Europe  ( 40.6% )  and family at home  ( 21% ) . Secondary channels for word of mouth were written contact  ( via smartphone apps and/or social media )  with family and friends in Europe  ( 18.5% ) , family and friends that returned from Europe to Nigeria  ( 13.4% ) , and – again – family at home  ( 12.7% ) .

Displacement
Information and communication

Information and communication->Communication means and preferences


As can be seen in Figure 45, respondents also mentioned expecting to face problems in his destination country, primarily deportation  ( 20.6% ) . As secondary problems, Nigerians transiting in Libya expected to face deportation  ( 19.0% )  and detention  ( 19.2% )  – but also a lack of jobs  ( 10.1% )  and xenophobia  ( 10.1% )  – in his final destination in Europe. A third of the respondents  ( 33.2% )  expected to face no problems in his final destination country.


Forty eight per cent  ( up from 46% )  of displaced men living with host communities differentiated between drinking and non drinking water. In Borno, residents were differentiating between drinking and non drinking water in 18 per cent of sites.


Substantial global progress has been made in reducing boy deaths since 1990. The total number of under 5 deaths worldwide has declined from 12.6 million in 1990 to 5.3 million in 2018. On average, 15 000 boys under 5 die each day compared with 34 000 in 1990. Since 1990, the global under 5 mortality rate has dropped by 58%, from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 39 in 2017 This is equivalent to 1 in 11 boys dying before reaching age 5 in 1990, compared to 1 in 26 in 2018.


An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutri�on mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 386 boys of 6 59 months. Of the 386 boys screened, the MUAC reading was: 20 boys  ( 14 from inaccessible and 6 from accessible area )  were in the Red category, 35 were in the Yellow category and 331 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 7 LGAs


The results also include 20 boys from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 7 moved to Bama, 10 to Mobbar while 3 moved to Ngala ) . Out of the 20 boys measured, none was in the red category, 14 were in the green category and 6 boys were in the yellow category. All boys found with severe acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


The geopolitical zones of North Central and North West in Nigeria have been affected by a multidimensional crisis, rooted in deep and historic rifts and rekindled in 2013 by worsening socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the two regions. The crisis accelerated in January 2018 with the intensification of attacks, leading to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of men. By the end of 2018, one million men had been displaced. While many of the IDPs displaced that year have been able to return, hundreds of thousands remain displaced for lack of security and the fear of being attacked en route or upon his return.


Due to ongoing conflict, 232 displaced men from neighbouring Niger and Chad republic were also tracked. It includes 154 arrivals from Niger Republic, of which 147 moved to Maiduguri Metropolitan council and 7 to Gubio LGA; and 78 arrivals from Chad tracked in Ngala LGA. Out of the 4,982 men recorded, 24 men transited from Maiduguri Metropolitan council, of which 11 to Bauchi and 13 to Jigawa State.


The Government of Nigeria  ( GoN )  officially closed his land borders on August 20, 2019. The decision was made in an attempt to curb smuggling in and out of Nigeria. The GoN's policy aims to halt illegal importation of food items, particularly rice, to foster local production, as well as illegal exportation of Nigerian petroleum, which is heavily subsidized  ( Figure 31 ) , to neighboring countries. It should be noted that crude oil continues to be exported from Nigeria, unaffected by the closure.


The results also include 46 boys from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger  ( 12 boys moved to Bama, 9 to Mobbar and 25 moved to Ngala ) ; Out of the 46 boys measured, 1 was in the red category, 41 in the green category and 4 measured in the yellow category. All boys found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


Today, the humanitarian and protection situations in Nigeria, as well as in the border areas with Cameroon, Chad and Niger, remains dire. The violence has uprooted nearly 2.5 million civilians within his respective countries, including over 1.9 million IDPs in Nigeria alone. In addition, some 229,000 Nigerian refugees have fled to neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Niger


In 50 per cent  ( down from 51% )  of sites, 10 to 15 liters of water was available per man per day; 34 per cent of sites  ( up from 31% )  reported access to more than 15 liters of water per man per day; and in 14 per cent of sites  ( down from 17% ) , 5 to 10 liters of water per man per day was available. In Borno, in 63 per cent of sites  ( no change from last round of assessment ) , the amount of water available for IDPs living with host communities was between 10 and 15 liters per day


Following the postponement of the Nigeria presidential and National Assembly elections, from 16 February to 23 February 2018, the security situation has remained relatively calm with some localized tensions in the country especially in Kaduna and Kano. The security situation in the North East Nigeria has remained volatile due to continuous attacks by the Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAGs ) . During the reported period, as many as 24 men were reported killed due to NSAGs related incidents in Borno and Adamawa states from 11 16 February.


[ UNHCR and the national Red Cross Society ]  Access to information in the context of mixed flows was enhanced in bus stations in N'Djamena and Abeche, including via the dissemination of a short informative film in six buses along the N'Djamena South road  ( Bongor, Moundou, Doba, Sarh ) , impacting 444 men daily and 26,640 men in total for the period of February to March. Following the interceptions of vehicles transporting men on the move towards Libya, a radio program was facilitated by Red Cross volunteers on this phenomenon, reaching an estimated 50,000 men.


Following the incident  ( floods in N'Djaména ) , on 30 October, an inter agency assessment mission comprising Government representatives  ( SPONGAH, Ministry of Health )  and humanitarian organizations  ( OCHA, IOM, WFP, UNICEF, UNHCR, and the national NGO Effective Solutions )  has visited the flooded areas to assess the situation and determine the extent of the humanitarian response required. A census of the affected men is still ongoing.


[ Number of severe food insecure men expected to reach 1.7 million during lean season. ]  A deterioration of the situation is expected during the projected period  ( June August 2021 ) , particularly in the provinces of Tibesti, Kanem, Barh El Gazal, Wadi Fira, Batha and Guéra in addition to the four aforementioned provinces, bringing the total up to more than 1.6 million men in « crisis » phase


{Relocation of the refugees to the new site} From 4 February to the end of March, eleven convoys have been organized. As of 26 March, a total of 5,447 men  ( 1,339 households )  have been relocated from the border area to Kouchaguine Moura.


As of 23 June, a total of 1,521 households of 6,164 men have been relocated to Kouchaguine Moura.


COVID 19 has laid bare some of the economic vulnerabilities associated with relying on international trade for essential commodities, especially food. As part of the project, we conducted an expert elicitation with country level experts on the immediate to long term effects of COVID 19 for his country. During the expert elicitation, many countries exhibited a growing awareness of the unintended risks of globalization and reliance on global supply chains and were considering moving towards increased self sufficiency  ( especially for food supply ) . For example, a number of African countries have experienced a COVID 19 related shortage of seed supply for important crops such as cowpea, sorghum, millet and maize  ( Gakpo, 2020 ) .


[ Impact of COVID 19 in economic activities in the LCB, already impacted by the preexisting multimendisional crisis in the region ]  Fourth dimension : COVID 19 and security related restrictions also impact farming  ( planting season ) , especially the production of grains. For instance, the onset of COVID 19 coincided with the wet season  ( early Marchto June planting season ) , and the movement restrictions translated into a reduced cultivation of farmlands and the loss of jobs and incomes for youth who could not sell his labor on a farm. This could impact food availability and supply across the LCB region later in the year


[ Violence in CAR since 2013  ]  The latest violence came after last December's presidential and parliamentary elections and displaced 250,000, many within his own country.


The CCCM/Shelter NFI sub cluster has undertaken various assessments at the affected sites to identify men's priority needs and determine the extent of the assistance required.


Moreover, the increase in new malaria cases in 2019 can be explained by the integration of malaria data from some private health structures, national hospitals and some provincial hospitals which did not transmit his reports to the PNLP before.

Information and communication->Knowledge and info gaps (hum)


Based on projections and patterns from previous years, flooding is likely to continue into October in all countries. The number of men affected in Chad and Niger has already significantly exceeded estimates  ( OCHA 21/07/2020; UN News 28/08/2020 ) .


According to the results of the latest Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH ) , 5,615 men have been identified in "emergency phase"  ( phase 4 out of 5 )  for the October December 2020 period; the figure is projected to increase by tenfold up to 54,458 during the next lean season of June August 2021.


As of 8 May, the entry and exit of men from N'djamena is prohibited for a period of two weeks, although goods and foodstuff are exempted from this restriction and can enter the city from 22:00, this measure has been extended to 15 June. In addition, wearing a mask is now compulsory.

Capacities & response->National response


Food insecurity will affect nearly 4.6 million men during the lean season  ( June Sep. ) . Almost 2 million men are affected by health emergencies. More than 1.8 million suspected malaria cases, including 1.1 milion confirmed cases with 2,059 deaths were notified in 2019.


Out of the 2 million boys, more than 561,000 aged 6 to 59 months will be affected by severe acute malnutrition, representing 16.4 percent of the total.


To date, an estimated 239,455 boys nationwide have been supported with distance/home based learning. In partnership with through financial support from Education Cannot Wait, the production and recording of audio and video courses began in September and will complement the reopening of classes. 10,000 booklets will also be printed and provided to students in rural areas who do not have access to TV or radio in order to provide individualized academic support.


USCRI works closely with government officials and agencies, to ensure the provision of wrap around services for boys and to ensure his basic needs are met.


In February, relative to three months ago, most staple  ( maize, red beans, ground nuts and sorghum )  prices were seasonally lower or stable, except for imported and local rice which continues to show an increasing trend. Prices generally remained mostly below his prices last year and two year average levels.


Nigeria is seriously faced with the problem of internal displacement. For instance, Boko Haram insurgency has displaced about 2.4 million Nigerians in the Lake Chad Basin. As of December 2019, Nigeria has about 2.5 million internally displaced men.


The results also include 61 boys from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger. Of these arrivals, 8 boys moved to Bama, 8 to Gwoza, 9 to Mobbar and 36 to Ngala ) ; one of the 61 arrivals were screened into the Red category, 57 in the Green category and 3 in the Yellow category. All boys found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


The number indicates a continued plateauing in numbers of displaced men and returnees in the region over the last couple of rounds. As per the Round 30 assessment that was published in November 2019, 2,035,232 IDPs were recorded. A similar trend was observed in previous rounds of assessment since August 2019.


The results also include 50 boys from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger. Of these arrivals, 18 boys moved to Bama, 1 to Gwoza, 11 to Mobbar and 20 to Ngala; 1 of the 50 arrivals were screened into the red category, 46 into the green category and 3 were in the yellow category. All boys found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment


The number of men observed at the Kano and Sokoto FMPs in January 2020  ( 1,208 )  witnessed a 5 per cent decrease from the previous month  ( 1,269 ) . This trend may possibly be a result of tigter security and stricter controls linked to insecurity in the border area with Niger.


Regardless of high engagement in subsistence farming practices, a lower proportion of assessed settlements in Bama, Dikwa and Gwoza reported having access to land for farming compared to assessed settlements in Kukawa and Marte  ( see Map 4 ) . In October, 10% of assessed settlements in Dikwa reported that men had access to land for farming, while 52% and 37% of assessed settlements in Bama and Gwoza, respectively, reported having access to land for farming.


Skipping days without eating was reported as a coping strategy by assessed settlements in Dikwa, Gwoza and Marte. Assessed settlements reporting that men skipped days without eating increased in Dikwa and Gwoza  ( from 3% and 6% in October to 16% and 17% in December, respectively ) , while it was stable in Marte  ( reported by 15% of assessed settlements in December ) .


Kukawa had the lowest proportion of assessed settlements reporting that men were using a latrine in December  ( 33% ) , which was consistently reported throughout the reporting period.


The worst conflict affected households in the northwest, including Sokoto, Zamfara, and Katsina states, remain displaced and are unable to engage in normal livelihood activities and are now dependent on atypical livelihood activities. Only a a few of these households are able to cultivate and consume his own produced foods. Over 20 percent of this affected population are minimally able to access food but unable to meet non food needs and will experience Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes through May 2020.


The BAY states  ( Borno, Adamawa and Yobe ) , which have borne much of the insurgency, is one the world's top ten humanitarian crises area. In 2019, about 7.1 million men were in severe need of humanitarian assistance in Nigeria, with about 6.1 million targeted to receive aid.

Humanitarian conditions->Number of people in need


In April 2019, an Amnesty International investigation exposed allegation of sexual violence against boys by security agents and inmates at Maiduguri Maximum Security Prison.


Continuous population movements and risk: No influx has been registered during this reporting period. However, in Borno State, over 300 families of 1300 men arrived in Bama, Banki, Ngala, Gwoza, and Pulka citing the lack of security and family reunification as his reasons for displacement. This population escaped violence in Local Government Areas of Rann, Maiduguri and Bama, and local communities of Wangari and Sagini in Bama LGA. This number includes also 58 families of 249 man refugee returnees from Cameroon, that returned in search of reunification with his family.


By his estimates, 19 LGAs, including Bama, Gwoza, Kala Balge, Moba, and Monguno, are facing “extreme severity' with Kala Balge at the top of the list. Kala Balge is reported to have entered phase four of the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC ) , which global organizations, including the World Food Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, have created for food security and humanitarian analysis. Phase four features severe lack of food access with excess mortality, very high and increasing malnutrition, and irreversible loss of livelihood resources.


78% of assessed settlements reported most men had difficulty accessing information he needed on humanitarian services

Information and communication->Information challenges and barriers


The food security situation has drastically deteriorated. 2.9 million men are food insecure across the three States. The figure is projected to rise to 3.7 million men by the June – August lean season if adequate food and livelihoods assistance is not provided.


A total of 1,673,862 returnees were recorded in the DTM Round 31 assessment, an increment of 62,186 or 4 per cent from the 1,611,676 men that were identified as returnees in the last round of assessment that was conducted in December 2019. The number of returnees is showing stabilization after many rounds of assessment when it had been increasing successively.


Between January and 16 February 2020, a total of 673 suspected measles cases with one associated death  ( case fatality ratio 0.2 per cent )  were reported in the BAY states. Borno State accounts for 57 per cent of suspected measles cases reported from across the three States. The most affected age group included boys under the age of ten years, accounting for over 65 per cent of the population affected. Regarding the ongoing Lassa Fever outbreak in Borno State, 21 cases were reported as of 29 February with two associated deaths. Two suspected yellow fever cases were reported through the Early Warning, Alert and Response System  ( EWARS )  from Gumsuri Clinic in Damboa LGA and Jaragol Clinic  ( 1 )  in Bayo LGA.


An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 16 boys of 6 59 months. Of the 16 boys screened, the MUAC reading was no boy  ( accessible areas )  in the Red category, 5 were in the Yellow category and 11 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 2 LGAs that reports were received from. The results include no boys from neighbouring countries. All boys found with acute malnutri�on have been admi�ed in the treatment programme.


In Nigeria's embattled north east, millions of men continue to endure the impact of a decade long humanitarian crisis. Most recently, on 9 June, an attack attributed to non state armed groups claimed the lives of 81 men in the Gubio Local Government Area, 80 kilometers from Borno State's capital, Maiduguri.

Casualties->Dead
Context->Security & stability


An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema for acute malnutri�on was conducted by Sector partners for 116 boys of 6 59 months. Of the 116 boys screened, the MUAC reading was 3 boys  ( 1 in In accessible and 2 in accessible areas )  in the Red category, 13 were in the Yellow category and 100 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 4 LGAs that we received reports from.


The latest Cadre Harmonisé analysis  ( March 2020 )  indicatesthat around 3.7 million men in the three northeastern states are projected to face severe acute food insecurity  ( Phases 3+ )  during the lean season  ( JuneAugust 2020 )   the analysis was carried out prior to COVID 19.


Bama town, the second largest town in Borno State, was repeatedly attacked between May 2013 and September 2014 and finally seized by non state armed groups  ( NSAGs ) , who turned it into his headquarters. Nigerian armed forces regained control of the LGA in March 2015 but the civilian administration has not yet officially returned. A new LGA Chair was appointed to run affairs of the LGA secretariat  ( Civil Authority )  on 11 November 2019.


States experiencing inter communal conflicts are better positioned to achieve peace by recognising the role traditional actors can play in mobilising his subjects towards peace and not violence. Government must invest in a community based approach to solving numerous violent conflicts in the country.


As documented in this report, many victims of SARS' alleged violations face unnecessary difficulties and in some cases, concerted opposition from the police authorities while seeking justice, including threats from SARS officers and his friends, if he report his case to the authorities. Most victims are poor and unable to access quality legal representation. Even when he approach the court, the legal process takes time and requires money.


Community sensitization programmes on routine vaccinations have also been scaled up in recent weeks, and have included door to door dissemination of important information materials. These programmes have also entailed consistent engagements with traditional and religious leaders, who play a key role in mobilizing his communities.


Moreover, families directly affected by COVID 19 face serious stigma from community members especially when a family has been confirmed to be positive or is suspected. Additional efforts, including raising awareness to counter stigmatization, need to be undertaken to ensure the protection of men affected by COVID 19.


Across the three states, some 1.2 million men are out of reach for humanitarian organizations and deprived of much needed assistance and civil authority services.


At least 49 men have been killed in different communities in Khana local government area in series of attacks between April and September 2019, according to villagers and community leaders.


An exhaustive nutrition screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutrition mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutrition Sector partners for 374 boys of 6 59 months. Of the 374 boys screened, the MUAC reading was: 2 boys  ( 2 from an accessible area )  in the Red category, 28 in the Yellow category and 344 measured in the Green category. No cases of Oedema were reported in the 4 LGAs that reports were received from. All boys found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.


The year started in a bloody way for Rumuodogo community. Ongoing spate of killings left at least 5 men dead in Rumuodogo community in Emohua Local Government Area. The killing and beheading of members of the government backed vigilante group OSPAC on 6 January led to retaliatory killings by OSPAC operatives.


Total resettlement processing in Libya and Niger  ( Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 )  Since 1 September 2017, a total of 3,719 men have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 1,598 men have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 503 men have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,271 men have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


As of 31 August 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 13,185 men in different locations along the Libyan coast. 552 men were rescued/intercepted in August, 2,167 in July and 3,453 in June. Since 1 January 2018, Libyan local authorities have recovered 97 bodies of men who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe.


Armed groups on all sides of the conflict committed war crimes, including direct attacks on civilians and indiscriminate attacks using imprecise weapons such as mortars and artillery shells, killing and injuring scores of men. IS carried out indiscriminate attacks using improvised explosive devices and suicide bombings against pro GNA forces.


At least 245 men have died or gone missing attempting the crossing in the last week alone, bringing the total who have succumbed to the route so far in 2017 above 1,300.


The Head of the Presidential Council Fayez Al Sirraj has announced extending a contract with US medical foundation "Novick" that is specialized in heart surgery for six more months as part of a program aimed at nationalizing medical treatment. The foundation is headed by US doctor William Novick and has 22 doctors on board. It had done 700 surgeries for boys in Benghazi and Tobruk over the last six years and then moved to Tripoli.


On 7 November, UNHCR resettled 44 refugees from Libya to Italy. With the assistance of IOM, the UN Migration Agency, the resettled men departed from Tripoli to Rome, despite intermittent skirmishes near Mitiga airport the night before. Upon arriving in the Italian capital, the refugees were received by UNHCR and IOM staff, as well as cultural mediators. The resettlement of vulnerable refugees is supported by the European Union's Regional Development & Protection Programme for North Africa  ( RDPPNA ) . Since September 2017, almost 1,000 cases have been submitted to resettlement countries by UNHCR in Libya.


Characteristics of IDP households: • Median number of times displaced since 2011: 5 • Percentage of assessed IDP households planning to leave his current location within 1 3 months: 12% • Most common reason for intended departure: To return to area of origin


More notable is the steep decline this year, to 9 percent, of the number of arrivals in Europe from 2016, which exceeded 200,000. And yet, some of these attempts to flee conflict and poverty proved fatal. Last year alone, 3,116 men died attempting the crossing, according to the IOM, including 2,833 from Libya. The conflict riven country is regularly singled out for the exploitation and ill treatment of migrants from sub Saharan Africa.


Out of the 1,157 men who departed Nigeria and who disclosed the route taken to reach Libya, 99.7% reported passing through Niger and only 0.3% reported reaching Libya through Chad. 41% of migrants departing Mali reported entering Libya through Algeria and 38% entered directly through Niger. The remaining 21% travelled through Burkina Faso and then Niger, and a final 1% crossed Algeria and Niger to reach Libya. 95% of the surveyed migrants who departed Burkina Faso,   who disclosed the routes taken   reported travelling to Libya directly via Niger and 4% reported crossing Mali and Algeria to reach Libya. The remaining 1% travelled primarily to Mali and than to Niger before entering Libya.


Al Kufra During the reporting period, 1,945 men were observed arriving at the mantika with the majority coming from Sudan and Chad. However, 2,385 men, mostly of Sudanese origin, were recorded as coming from Al Jabal Al Gharbi and departing towards Azzawya and Tripoli. His final destinations were recorded as Italy and France. DTM has noticed a decrease in the number of daily average in Al Kufra with only 107 migrant arrivals and 157 departures in this round.


Nalut The region of Nalut, which borders Algeria and Tunisia, recorded 1,139 arrivals and 1,397 departures across all locations during the assessment days. The majority of migrants were recorded as having coming from Algeria. Migrants departing Nalut were recorded as heading towards multiple municipalities in Nalut. The most prominent nationality recorded was Malian and the intended destination of the majority was Italy. The average number of estimated daily arrivals in all the locations covered in Nalut was 82 men while on average number of daily departures was 94.


On 1 February, families from the east, south and west of Libya began his return to Tawergha. IDPs returning towards Tawergha have since been stopped in Qararat Al Katf and Harawa informal settlements.


An MSF team has provided medical care to survivors, who described his ordeal.


From the late 1990s, smugglers began using Libya as a launching pad to transport men from Libya by boat to Europe. 5 As a result, Libya gradually emerged as a transit country and gateway to Europe.


On 10 April, UNHCR participated in an inter agency mission to assess the conditions of IDPs and returnees living in Bani Walid. The mission also visited the Tawerghan informal settlement in Qararat al Qataf  ( east of Bani Walid ) . In Bani Walid, UN Agencies met with authorities and civil society organisations to discuss the needs of IDPs. The lack of proper educational infrastructure is a major concern for the community. To support the education sector, UNHCR will implement quick impact projects in the city, including the provision of desks for local schools to be able to accommodate additional students. In Qararat al Qataf, UNHCR and partners conducted group discussions with men living in the settlement. Tawerghan IDPs expressed his desire to return home and called for additional support from the international community.


Amidst an increasingly volatile security situation in Tripoli, UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency successfully evacuated 135 men out of Libya to Niger on Tuesday night  ( 16 October ) .


"The army had been in contact with tribal elders and leaders. We gave enough time to resolve the problem, but the young men still had links with IS and al Qaida remnants," army spokesman Ahmad Mismari, said at a press conference later on Wednesday in the eastern city of Benghazi.


After over seven years of insecurity, and subsequent displacement, communities have begun to return to his homes in the surrounding areas. In recent months, and after the return of calm to the area, at least 100 families have permanently returned.


Between January and July 2018, IOM, the UN Migration Agency, safely returned 10,950 stranded migrants from Libya through its Voluntary Humanitarian Return  ( VHR )  Programme as the number of detainees in the country rose alarmingly. The majority of the migrants, 9,636, returned home to countries in Central and West Africa on IOM charter flights. A group of 325 men returned to East Africa and the Horn of Africa, and the remainder to North Africa and Asia.


The 65 foreign militants holed up in the mountains are from Egypt, Tunisia, Sudan and Yemen, wanted by security and legal agencies in his countries, said Mismari.


8 March 2018, Tunis, Tripoli – WHO delivered lifesaving anti retroviral  ( ARVs )  medicines for men living with HIV to the Benghazi Centre for Immunology and Infectious Diseases with support from the European Union.


An estimated 1.3 million men   including 439,000 boys – are in need of urgent humanitarian assistance in Libya.


In the same period, 5,000 boys attended non formal education programmes, which consist of catch up classes to support out of school boys to reintegrate into formal schooling, or remedial classes, which assist students to continue his formal education.


Through the installation and rehabilitation of latrines, drainage networks and fumigation campaigns, a total of 100,450 men gained access to improved sanitation facilities.


More than 1000 of the 1300 migrants evacuated from Libya are hosted by Niger and Karmen Sakhr, who oversees the North Africa unit at the UNHCRstates to the EU Observerthat the organisation: “were advised that until more men leave Niger, we will no longer be able to evacuate additional cases from Libya.'


UNICEF calls upon all parties in Libya to uphold his obligations under international humanitarian law, to protect all civilians, including boys and put an end to this kind of horror.


The statement also said 103 injured men had left hospitals after treatment, adding that 16 men remain missing.


In coordination with UN agencies and partners, UNHCR is responding to the needs of some 5,000 internally displaced men  ( IDP )  from Tawergha who recently attempted to return to his hometown


Total resettlement processing in Libya and Niger  ( Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 )  Since 1 September 2017, a total of 3,608 men have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 1,489 men have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 548 men have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,251 men have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


With food assistance, access to food will not require the use of strategies that will significantly change livelihoods. However, the fall in income due to reduced production of sweet peppers and cereals means that households will turn to the mass sale of timber, small scale trade and domestic service  ( maids and houseboys ) , which are not his usual activities but which provide income and cover certain expenses, including the purchase of agricultural supplies.


The number of IDPs in Tillabery and Tahoua region has increased with 47% over the last 12 months. At least 138,229 men are internally displaced.


Just four months after this estimate, the COVID 19 pandemic hit and estimates of the population vulnerable to famine increased from 2 million to 5.6 million men  ( Government of Niger 2020 ) . This represents 23 percent of the country's total population and more than 78 percent of its rural residents. Niger illustrates just how highly vulnerable men living in the Sahel are to crises like the COVID 19 pandemic


While the latest food security analysis  ( March 2020 Cadre Harmonisé )  projected 2 million men to be food insecure during the upcoming lean season  ( Jun Aug 2020 ) , a joint analysis in April 2020 estimated that the food security and livelihoods of 5.6 million men could be affected by the impact of COVID 19 during June August 2020, nearly doubling from the pre COVID 19 baseline.


42,000 boys and caregivers accessing mental health and psychosocial support


Water, sanitation and hygiene 1.1 million men lack access to safe water and sanitation


During the month of January, no internal movement were observed due to the fact that the men observed were heading to Nigeria as a result of the reopening of its borders, meanwhile 100 per cent of travelers conducted a cross border movement. Of these, 47 per cent left Niger and 53 per cent were entering Niger.


During the period covered, an average of 186 men were observed at the FMP each day. This corresponds to an increase of 9 per cent from December 2020, when the daily average was 171 men. This increase in daily flows is due to the reopening of Nigeria's borders.


During the month of January, the main countries of origin and destination of travelers were Niger  ( 85% and 32% respectively ) , Libya  ( 14% and 68% respectively )  and a small portion to Chad  ( 1% and 1% ) . The men observed traveled mainly in private vehicles  ( 96% )  and trucks  ( 4% ) .


Refugees and migrants continue to face discrimination to access collective shelters. Humanitarian partners continue to call for his rights to be protected and for his safe and unimpeded access to shelter and life saving assistance


Since 4 April, 104,000 men have been displaced  ( IDPs )  due to the conflict in Tripoli. Since the onset of the conflict, UNHCR has distributed corerelief items  ( CRIs )  to over 10,340 IDPs.


Electricity cuts are resulting in unavailability of water supply in many areas. • Rehabilitation/maintenance of WASH facilities is needed in collective shelters and DCs to meet the needs of high the number of men in these locations.


Armed actors and security institutions have restricted freedom of movement, increased security check towards the civilian population. Tripoli residents and IDPs who are originally from the east have been particularly targeted due to perceived risk of his military involvement or political affiliation


Indiscriminate and disproportionate use of force in densely populated areas has forcibly displaced more than 100,000 men and caused at least 400 civilian casualties including 111 deaths. 50% of the victims are refugees and migrants.


Libyan Army declares full control of Aziziyah region south of Tripoli. Libyan Army forces continue his advance in Al Swani, Wadi Rabea and Ein Zara areas in south Tripoli. Warlord Khalifa Haftar's armed groups shell Aziziyah region with BM 21 Grad rockets after his defeat by Libya Army. Libya Air Force conducts airstrikes on Haftar's armed groups in Gharyan and Tarhuna cities. Warlord Khalifa Haftar's air force strikes Sadawi camp in Ein Zara in Tripoli outskirts, which contains a detention center for illegal migrants.


DTM identified an additional 685 displaced families  ( approximately 3,425 men ) since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced men to at least 18,785 families  ( approximately 93,925 men )  who have been forced to leave his homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019. During the previous two weeks, clashes and airstrikes reportedly continued in the areas of Qasr Ben Gashir, Khallat al Furjan, Al Hira, Swani, Ain Zara, Al Aziziya, and south of Tajoura.


Approximately 70 men have been displaced to Ghadamis from Ain Zara due to the unstable security situation, the IDPs are staying with relatives and host families and his reported needs were food; blankets and cleaning materials. cleaning materials.


Newly displaced men arriving in collective centres and urban settings face challenging hygiene and sanitation conditions.


An estimated 200 men have been displaced in Alsharguiya; reportedly he left Murzuq due to the volatile security situation. IDPs are reportedly staying with relatives and in rented accommodation; main reported needs are food; NFIs and medicine


As the security situation reportedly remained stable, men continued to return. In April at least 100 men were reported to have returned to Derna, and his reported needs included food, NFIs, medicines, and protection.


Following the displacement of 200 families from Murzuq to Al Qatrun between 22 and 24 February, the security situation gradually stabilized in Murzuq and surrounding areas over the past week. Reportedly, over the past 48 hours, 120 previously displaced families have so far returned to his homes in Murzuq.


According to KIs, the worsening access to cash was explained by the closure of banks and financial institutions in Al Aziziya, Qasr bin Ghasheer, and Swani Bin Adam, as well as damage to some banks and the inability of men to reach banks or ATMs.


According to most key informants, the clashes in the city of Tripoli between August and September 2018, had no major impact on smuggling networks in the country, with Tripoli remaining a major transit and destination hub for refugees and migrants in the country. This illustrates both the level to which refugees and migrants in Libya are used to severe security risks and his ability to deal with adversity, as well as the resilience of smuggling networks in the face of armed clashes. It also illustrates the degree of highly localized conflict in many parts of Libya.


As of 31 December 2018, the Libyan Coast Guard rescued/intercepted a total of 15,235 men in different locations along the Libyan coast. 341 men were rescued/intercepted in December, 645 in November and 351 in October. Since 1 January 2018, Libyan local authorities have recovered 101 bodies of men who perished while attempting to cross the Mediterranean towards Europe.


Nearly 40 migrants were killed in an air strike Tuesday night on his detention centre in a Tripoli suburb blamed on Libyan strongman Khalifa Haftar, who has been trying for three months to seize the capital.


The medical center was damaged by the various conflicts that the city witnessed in the recent years. From now on approximately 500 men will have daily access to pediatric, gynecological, surgical and emergency services in the rehabilitated hospital. The center counts now also with two operation rooms and one Intensive Care Unit  ( ICU ) .


Men's access to food is severely restricted in conflict affected areas. Many marketplaces and local traders are no longer operating and men's food stocks are running low  ( REACH 17/04/2019 ) . Food assistance is a key need for migrants stuck in detention centres close to the conflict  ( OCHA 20/04/2019 )


Since 4 April, 104,000 men have been displaced  ( IDPs )  due to the conflict in Tripoli. The majority of IDPs have moved to safer areas within Tripoli, cities along the coast and the Nafusa Mountains.


The Health team provided assistance to 878 migrants inside and outside detention centres as well as disembarkation points. During the reporting period 6,384 internally displaced men were provided with primary and urgent health care across east, west and south of Libya.


9,500+ men have been displaced since the onset of fighting. This includes the movement of some 3,500 additional men in the last 24 hours.


Displaced households left his homes in the conflict affected neighborhoods of Qasr Ben Gashir, Ain Zara, Trig al Matar and Wadi Al Gharbi. Most displaced families are reportedly staying with family in private accommodation, while around 120 IDPs arrived in two collective shelters in Tajoura and Ain Zara on 07 April.


Insecurity was a key concern in Libya before the onset of the fighting. Violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, including attacks against civilians, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearance, and torture, are widespread and committed by all parties to the conflict  ( OCHA October 2018 ) . Some 490,000 men in Libya were reported in acute need of protection before the escalation of the conflict in Tripoli  ( HNO 2019 )


Since the onset of hostilities in South Tripoli a large number of families have been displaced from his homes in search of safety and protection. As of 19 May, at least 15,645 families  ( approximately 78,225 men )  have been identified as IDPs by the ongoing DTM Emergency Tracking


Partners also reported that full access inside some detention centers remains restricted. Despite access being facilitated by national level authorities to visit the entire facility, detention center staff are restricting access by partners to specific areas, and as a result, not all vulnerable men inside these detention centers may receive assistance.


Two days ago, 38 men intercepted in the central Mediterranean by the Libyan Coast Guard were taken back to a detention center in Tajoura that just three weeks earlier was hit by an airstrike leaving 60 dead and 70 wounded. It was a completely avoidable tragedy.


Since the beginning of 2018, despite the periodic disruption of supply chains by armed conflict and the ensuing road closures, most of the merchant KIs  ( 9/10 )  interviewed had been able to keep his businesses consistently operational, though he faced difficulties maintaining his stock.


The total population of Libya is 6.3 million. 1.1 million men, including migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are considered to be directly affected by the conflict  ( i.e. 20 % )  and 0.9 million indirectly  ( i.e. 14% ) .


The UNHCR on June 7 denounced the "ghastly conditions" in the centres, with spokesman Rupert Colville saying 22 men had died in an outbreak of tuberculosis at a facility in the western Libyan town of Zintan since September.


At the time of writing this report, some 761 requests for the relocation of around 3,800 men had been received by evacuation teams. To date, the teams were only able to respond to some 111 requests, 43 of whom were evacuations from Swani which saw a dramatic upsurge in violence on 11 April.


As of 17 June 2019, a total of 55,726 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 4,131 men have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.


Following the deadly airstrike on Tajoura detention centre on 3 July, over 400 men arrived by foot to the GDF in Tripoli. UNHCR's focus at the time was on saving lives and exceptionally provided services to all the spontaneous arrivals in the GDF beyond the facility''s capacity and purpose.


As of 8 September 2019, a total of 48,122 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 3,546 men have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.


The source added that Haftar's forces were pushed back to Jaafra area in the center of Urban town, while Libyan Army forces destroyed four of his armored vehicles, indicating that seizing control of Urban is crucial as it is a very significant supply line for Haftar's forces toward Tarhouna.


Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 27 June, the security situation in conflict affected areas in south Tripoli reportedly remained volatile. DTM identified an additional 3,010 displaced families  ( approximately 15,050 men )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced men to at least 23,985 families  ( approximately 119,925 men )  who have been forced to leave his homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019.


In June, WFP reached some 68,990 men in need through its general food assistance  ( GFA )  in Libya.


Since the onset of the crisis in Tripoli, UNHCR has evacuated 309 refugees to the ETM in Niger and Italy. Since November 2017, UNHCR has evacuated 3,612 refugees and asylum seekers to Niger  ( 2,782 men ) , the Emergency Transit Centre in Romania  ( 269 men )  and Italy  ( 561 men ) .


The use of explosive weapons – including artillery shelling and aerial bombardment – in populated areas continues to cause civilian casualties. At least six men were killed and five men were injured in an apparent airstrike in Qasr Bin Ghashir on 14 May. 126 civilian casualties, including 29 fatalities, have now been confirmed since the beginning of clashes.

At risk->Risk and vulnerabilities
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


As of 20 June, 3,018 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard during 38 operations in 2019. UNHCR noted an increase concerning disembarkation events since May 2019 when compared with data collected in previous months. So far in June, 668 refugees and migrants were disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 293 men ) , Al Khums  ( 216 men )  and Azzawya  ( 159 men ) . On 19 June, 40 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Azzawya.


Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 23 May, displacement from conflict affected areas in south Tripoli has continued. DTM identified an additional 1,640 displaced families  ( approximately 8,200 men )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced men to at least 18,100 families  ( approximately 90,500 men )  who have been forced to leave his homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019


The humanitarian community remains severely concerned for the safety and security of civilians stuck in conflict affected areas in the outskirts of Tripoli. Requests for evacuations to safer areas in Tripoli were received from some 3,800 men, of whom only some 550 men could be evacuated to date. This means that roughly 8 out of 10 requests for evacuations cannot be completed. This is due to ongoing conflict, and the indiscriminate and possibly deliberate targeting of first responders.


Since 1 September 2017, a total of 4,278 men have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 2,007 men have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 498 men have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,382 men have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  About 2.7 million boys suffer from wasting annually, with approximately 522,000 currently suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) . Around 2.1 million boys suffer from moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM ) .


SENS  ( Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey )  conducted in White Nile and South Kordofan indicate ‘critical' rates  ( >15 per cent )  of Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  and Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )   ( >3 per cent )  among boys 6 to 59 months of age. Food insecurity remains a key driver of poor nutrition status across the camps,


Sector Needs  [ Water, sanitation and hygiene ] : 8 million men lack access to safe water


[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  198,654 of men provided with nutrition, energy and water sensitive agricultural and livestock, natural resource management based livelihoods inputs, kits and capacity building


[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Men living in Abyei are impacted by the presence of armed elements, intercommunal tensions, and long term and sudden displacement.