With funding from ECHO, the child protection area of responsibility rolled out case management trainings to build the capacity of child protection actors in this critical child protection intervention. One training was held in Bamenda in October with 27 participants  ( 21 female and 7 male ) . This will improve the participants capacities to identify and manage cases of UASC and other vulnerable children in the field.


3,023 school children  ( 1,365 boys and 1,658 girls )  who followed formal and non formal education activities before the closure of schools and learning centers, benefitted from access to distance learning in both, NWSW.

Capacities & response->International response


In May, Health Cluster partners continued to provide lifesaving services to persons in need in Fako, Meme, Ndian, KupeMuanenguba, Manyu, Mezam, Boyo, Bui, and Momo divisions. WHO, through implementing partners CARITAS, Reach Out and DEMTOU humanitarian, provided essential health care services through mobile clinics to 5,260 beneficiaries in the NWSW


While populations in Cameroon, including their children, continue to be affected by the direct and indirect consequences of protracted humanitarian crises in the Far North, West and Adamawa, and in the North West and South West regions, they are also hit by the COVID 19 outbreak since early 2020. This outbreak sharply impacts the close environment in which children are living in a negative way: it increases the risks for children and women of being victims of physical, verbal and emotional violence, abuse, exploitation, and neglect as well as the risk of discrimination and family separation or dislocation.


At times, non state armed groups have confiscated branded materials  ( sheeting, jackets ) , which, if used during their operations against armed forces, may cause reputational damage for humanitarian actors. The suspension of UNHAS flights in January 2020 has seriously affected the efficient movement of humanitarian personnel.


50% of the people in need in Cameroon are affected by the crisis in the North West and South West.


Malgré l'interdiction par le gouvernement d'exporter des céréales  ( maïs, sorgho, millet, sisal )  de l'Extrême Nord vers le Nigeria entre juillet et novembre 2020 afin de stabiliser l'offre et les prix, les prix sont restés élevés jusqu'aux nouvelles récoltes d'octobre, après lequel ils se stabilisent.

Impact->Impact on systems, services and networks


La fermeture des corridors commerciaux Bamenda Mamfe Ekok et KumbaMamfe Ekok Nigeria depuis août 2019 en raison du conflit en cours et des contrôles routiers renforcés par les autorités sanitaires et douanières du fait de la pandémie de COVID 19 continue d'entraver l'acheminement des produits d'exportation typiques comme la tomate, le tapioca, le café et le cacao, ainsi que l'Okok  ( Gnetum )  et le riz vers le Nigeria. Cependant, les activités d'exportation informelles  ( contrebande )  sont encore courantes, bien qu'à une échelle plus réduite, sur des routes commerciales plus petites et informelles vers le Nigeria.


Les récoltes de cacao et de café robusta ont chuté de 72 pour cent et 22 pour cent par rapport à la dernière saison dans la région du Sud Ouest. Le NordOuest a connu une baisse de plus de 50 pour cent par rapport à l'année dernière, contribuant à seulement 0,43 pour cent des ventes nationales à la production, contre plus de 5 pour cent les années sans conflit.


IRC and SUDASER trained a total of 2,999 community health workers/volunteers in the NW and SW regions of Cameroon on COVID 19 infection prevention and control measures.


In the NW, UNHCR and partners assisted some 716 households with shelter and core relief items in Mezam division. 360 households received core relief items and 356 were assisted with shelter kits. 12 households were assisted with shelter kits in Jakiri  ( Bui division )  in a distribution exercise carried out by IOM.


L'interdiction de rassemblements a interrompu l'activité de certaines personnes : certains commerçants ne peuvent plus vendre dans des parties très fréquentées du marché. Certains meuniers ont vu le nombre de leurs clients baisser et cela crée un climat de suspicion permanent entre les personnes


OCHA continued to advocate in September for effective and principled humanitarian action through regular meetings of the Inter Cluster Coordination Group  ( ICCG ) , Humanitarian Coordination Forum  ( HCF ) , Access Working Group and Information Management Working Group. OCHA chaired Area Rapid Response Model  ( ARRM )  activation meetings and assessment missions for Nguti in the SW region and Belo in the NW region.


160 children identified with severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  were referred for treatment.


Continuing armed confrontations in September displaced over 1,906 people across the North West and the South  West regions.


With the escalation of conflict in the North West and South West regions, civilian populations are facing serious human rights violations.


Since early September, flooding across Far North region has reportedly displaced up to 160,000 people  ( CRC, September 2020 ) .


Au Cameroun, en date du 22 juillet, le nombre de cas s'élevait à plus de 16.000, avec 313 décès.

Humanitarian conditions->Physical and mental well being


Existence d'un plan d'urgence de l'aéroport de Douala


de nouvelles voies ont ainsi pu être ouvertes à l'instar de l'axe Kouyapé – Moskota  ( Mayo Tsanaga )  où plus de 3000 personnes s'étaient déplacées suite à l'attaque de leurs villages fin 2017 et où la présence humanitaire demeurait limitée


Le Cameroun a été désigné comme l'un des sept pays pilotes qui bénéficieront du soutien du Comité Permanent pour la Collaboration humanitaire développement  ( CPC ou JSC )  en 2019


Livelihood priorities for the girls were largely around their education and in particular the life careers they wanted to pursue.


Access to medical facilities was also a priority, including girls' access to family planning services, education on menstruation management and also training on parenting and marriage.


Ensure boys participate in gender related trainings so they can support girls' aspirations to remain in school and embrace those returning after dropping out, and support themselves and their male peers to challenge harmful gender norms that place boys at certain risks.

Priority interventions->Expressed by humanitarian staff


Support awareness raising among parents and partners of adolescent girls especially those who are pregnant/married/young caregivers to support their improved access to menstrual hygiene products, which is key for them if they are to continue with school.


Given the problem of unsafe abortions related to unwanted pregnancies, government and humanitarian partners should support establishment and improved facilities providing post abortion care to avoid maternal and new born mortality and morbidity. There is also need to support girls and young women to have the power to decide over their own bodies, including to access to safe abortion services when needed.


Health services to support adolescent are available in some areas although they may not be able to service the entire group and urban settings had better access


They also mourned the insecurity of hospitals that cannot be accessed all the time due to the security situation, and the absence of good doctors in hospitals because of the crisis.


It was reported that girls often have to run and hide in bushes away from home and it is also those places where some rape has occurred; this means it would not be for a girl to decide when and with whom to become pregnant.


Particularly given that some unwanted pregnancies are the result of rape, government and other humanitarian partners should establish or strengthen facilities that offer girls support in emergency contraception and PEP, trauma counselling and psychosocial support


There is need for protection partners to work with education practitioners to continue scaling up sensitization and training on gender based violence  ( GBV ) , child protection and human right violations to help reduce challenges for adolescent girls and better support their return to school safely.


The girls also felt that regular campaigns on child and adolescent protection against abuses like sex, child labour, torture, recruitment into armed groups were important and advocacy for creating learning centres for children in safe zones, training and empowering youths on profitable activities, and creating community protection committees


Strengthening access to age  and gender responsive services to support the prevention of adolescent pregnancies. This includes counselling and provision of modern contraceptives alongside Maternal, Newborn and Child Health  ( MNCH )  for adolescent and young mothers: check ups during pregnancy, safe deliveries and referrals in support of maternal and new born health, child health, immunization, and nutrition and health promotion.


Work in coordination with the cash Working Group to support the integration of Cash and/or Voucher


Nevertheless, the crisis also appears to load more household work in the girls as some boys were reported to have left to other regions without fighting for school.


To meet with the scheme of work, the syllabus has been shortened to cover only the essential lessons, and classes continued on weekends, to make up for the days of lockdown.


En plus de 18 301 réfugiés dans les zones urbaines, un total de 252 344 réfugiés centrafricains fuyant la violence armée en RCA résident dans les zones orientales du Cameroun


Les besoins humanitaires ont fortement augmenté depuis l'intensification de la crise dans les régions anglophones du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest en 2018, en particulier dans le domaine de la sécurité alimentaire.


La situation sanitaire dans les zones ciblées par le secteur santé est caractérisée par la résurgence des épidémies de rougeole, la détection de cas de maladies d'origine inconnue  ( prenant la forme de plaie nécrosée ) , l'augmentation des cas suspects de cholera  ( avec une propagation sur 4/10 régions ) , la flambée de cas suspect de Pian, le faible taux  ( moins de 30% )  de naissances assistées par un personnel de santé qualifié.


La mise à l'échelle des programmes de transferts monétaires fût grandement facilitée par la mise en place du Groupe de Travail  ( GT )  Cash, au niveau national et à l'Extrême Nord en 2017, puis à l'Est en 2018.

Capacities & response->National response


Cette répartition géographique des personnes dans le besoin a considérablement évolué depuis l'avènement de la crise humanitaire dans les régions du Nord  Ouest et du Sud Ouest, qui s'est propagée aux régions du Littoral et de l'Ouest.


La politique ‘'pas d'école'' et les opérations villes mortes instaurées par les groupes armés non étatiques ont eu un impact sévère sur l'économie, la sécurité et la liberté de mouvement des personnes, en particulier les enfants.


Distribution of Mama and dignity kits to women and girls affected by the crisis in the South West and North West.


Ainsi en 2019, la FAO a distribué 10 000 poules pondeuses, 20 000 poulets de chair, 100 tonnes d'aliments pour volaille et du matériel pour la construction de 1 000 unités de production avicoles.


Dans ces régions où plus de 80% de la population dépend de l'agriculture comme moyen de subsistance, la recrudescence de la violence a entraîné une baisse considérable de la production agricole ainsi qu'une hausse des prix des produits alimentaires de base.

Context->Economy
Context->Security & stability


C'est ainsi que le projet d'amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire des personnes déplacées internes et leurs communautés hôtes mis en œuvre depuis décembre 2018, redonne de l'espoir aux bénéficiaires des départements ciblés dans les deux régions en crise.


A total of 5 partners reported having implemented COVID 19 support activities.


A total of 132 surgical procedures were performed by the trauma surgeons deployed by WHO and the mobile clinic teams. The clinical psychologists provided psychosocial support to 145 beneficiaries. They also conducted 9 psychoeducational sessions for 79 participants and 1 training session for 33 health personnel on mental health first aid.


In June OCHA coordination hubs in the NWSW extended coordination activities in the West and Littoral regions of Cameroon with Humanitarian Coordination Forum  ( HCF )  meetings held in both regions.


The poverty rate for the Far North region stands at 74.3% compared to a national average of 37.5%.


En même temps, l'augmentation du nombre de retournés, qui ont atteint 101 000 individus, appelle un accompagnement coordonné en faveur de ces personnes afin de répondre à leurs besoins et de les aider à atteindre une solution durable.


Pour ceux arrivés avant 2016, ce chiffre est monté à 77% et pour ceux arrivés après 2018 le taux est de 72%. Ceci démontre la vulnérabilité de la vaste majorité des réfugiés centrafricains au Cameroun.


Sur le plan des axes routiers, l'accès à certains sites  ( Kette, Gbiti Mboumama )  dans la Kadei, Dang Patou Sarambi dans le Lom et Djerem reste difficile en saison pluvieuse.


A l'Extrême Nord, le principal obstacle à l'accès humanitaire demeure l'insécurité générée par l'activisme du groupe Boko Haram. A ce jour, aucun incident ciblant directement les acteurs humanitaires n'a été enregistré, la majorité des attaques visant les forces armées et les populations civiles.


A ce jour, 125 acteurs humanitaires, dont 12 agences UN, 40 ONgI, 68 ONg nationales ainsi que 5 membres du Mouvement Croix/Croissant Rouge interviennent dans le cadre de la réponse humanitaire en coordination avec les services techniques de l'Etat


La situation sécuritaire dans la région de l'Extrême Nord reste principalement liée à l'activisme de Boko Haram qui a occasionné des déplacements prolongés et récurrents, avec une recrudescence des attaques à la fin de l'année 2018.


As a structural aggravating factor, the East, Adamawa and the North have some of the highest poverty rates in the country.


Availability of water, hygiene and sanitation services is a pressing concern in each of the three humanitarian crises Cameroon is facing. In addition, the country remains at risk of a large scale cholera epidemic on top of the existing crises. Five of the country's 10 regions have been affected in the past two years, with the North, Far North and South West regions experiencing a cholera outbreak at the start of 2020. Acute humanitarian needs are compounded by a chronic lack of access to drinking water, weak supply infrastructure and an unsanitary environment.


Widowed women, who represent 31% of households in the South West and 38% of households in the North West  ( an increase of about 10% compared to 20178 ) , not only face economic hardship but are also at particular risk of gender based violence, including sexual exploitation and abuse.


Les PME et le secteur informel ont été parmi les segments de l'économie les plus affectés par cette crise avec des effets sur la productivité, l'accès au marché et la perte des revenus aggravant leur risque de survie.


De plus, le ralentissement de l'activité économique pourrait à terme conduire à des licenciements dans le secteur formel ou alors à la mise au chômage temporaire/partiel de certains employés.


Des sites du patrimoine mondial sont vides, des événements culturels annulés, des institutions culturelles fermées, des pratiques culturelles communautaires suspendues, un risque accru de pillage de sites culturels et de braconnage dans des sites naturels, des artistes et le secteur du tourisme culturel fortement touché.


En matière de protection, de sauvegarde et de promotion du patrimoine culturel, de la créativité et de la diversité culturelle, le Cameroun a ratifié la plupart des conventions de l'UNESCO dans le domaine de la culture, ainsi que celle sur l'accès et les droits à la culture et le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins.


These efforts ensured 1,629,083 children received their treatments prior to the onset of the rainy season. In total, 7,537,547 therapeutic courses were successfully dispatched within both regions


The first phase of distribution covered commodities for at least two cycles of the Malaria SMC Campaign in all the 297 health areas in the 30 health districts in the Far North Region and 130 health areas in the 15 health districts in the North Region.


62% of respondents in a GBV assessment acknowledged an increasing trend in GBV incidents and recognized high risks of domestic violence, denial of resources, unwanted pregnancies, child sexual abuse and sex for survival in the current COVID 19 context in the NWSW regions.


Ainsi pour pallier les effets néfastes de cette crise, l'enquête des effets socio économique du COVID 19 révèle que dans l'ensemble 64,5% des entreprises ont réduit leurs heures de travail, 50,1% ont eu recours à la mise en chômage technique de certains employés, 45,3% ont procédé à la réduction des salaires et 58,2% ont revu leurs effectifs d'employés à la baisse.


Traditionnellement, le commerce extérieur Camerounais se focalisant avant tout sur les pays de l'UE et la Chine en tant que principaux partenaires commerciaux durement touchés par la crise, l'économie du Cameroun en subit rapidement les conséquences négatives.


Certains ont développé de nouvelles activités génératrices de revenus et été contraints de travailler davantage ou de cumuler plusieurs emplois, mais la majorité des personnes interrogées ont dû réduire leurs dépenses courantes, Une minorité a dû réduire le nombre de repas par jours ou vendre certains de leurs biens.


Children's nutritional status is deteriorating due to multiple health and food insecurity issues. Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  in the South West is 7.3% and in North West 5%. Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  is 2.7% in the South West and 2.1% in the North West.


on note une augmentation des traumatisés mentaux ainsi qu'une diminution de l'offre de services de santé du fait du sous financement du secteur durant ce premier semestre 2019.


Non  State armed groups  ( NSAGs )  have increased the use of improvised explosive devices  ( IEDs )  with increasing numbers of civilian casualties.


Parmi les individus observés, 74 pour cent des voyageurs effectuaient un voyage interne et 26 pour cent effectuaient un mouvement transfrontalier  ( 15% sortaient dans le pays, 8% entraient et 3% effectuaient un mouvement de transit via le Cameroun )


À la suite de l'analyse du risque de transmission du choléra faite par l'OMS en décembre 2018, il a été relevé un fort risque d'expansion de l'épidémie dans les régions du Nord et de l'Extrême Nord en 2019, ce qui a abouti à une requête de plus de 1 297 000 doses vaccin oral contre le choléra qui a été formulée par le Ministère de la santé avec l'appui de l'OMS et transmise à l'ICG


The harvest season has caused the community to reduce attendance at hygiene promotion and sensitization sessions. To address this constraint, sensitization sessions are carried out very early in the morning.


There is also a noted lack of hotlines and remote service provision to GBV survivors making it difficult to support survivors if COVID 19 confinement measures are increased in the coming months.

Capacities & response->People reached/response gaps


Through Nutrition partners' activities in the NWSW, 2,472 children under 5 years were screened for acute malnutrition with 25  ( 1.4% )  children identified with Severe Acute Malnutrition and referred for treatment.46  ( 1.9% )  children were identified with Moderate Acute Malnutrition.

Humanitarian conditions
Capacities & response


The GBV AoR developed a guidance note on GBV interventions for COVID 19 to guide GBV actors in mitigating COVID  19 risks in GBV interventions.


In both regions, the hard gained progress in improving access to learning over the last year has been reversed by the outbreak.


Poor households in the NWSW are facing an atypically early start to the lean season, which is expected to be harsher due to unusually high prices  ( increase of 28 to 78% for maize, 22 to 33% for imported rice, 50 to 140% for beans )  and the rapid depletion of food stocks


12,114 people have so far been supported with both poultry and home gardening material in the NWSW regions while about 800 people were supported with unconditional cash for food in the Donga Mantung, Ngo Ketunjia and Mezam divisions in the North West.


As of 31 March, Cameroon had reported 193 confirmed cases of COVID 19, with one of the confirmed cases in Limbe, in the SW region.


Some cluster activities have been temporarily suspended to prevent the spread of COVID 19 while life saving humanitarian activities continue.


En plus des pénuries alimentaires typiques qui accompagnent la période de soudure, la tendance actuelle des prix a une implication majeure sur la sécurité alimentaire actuelle des ménages pauvres de l'Extrême Nord, les exposant encore davantage à l'insécurité alimentaire de Stress  ( Phase 2 de l'IPC ) , avec quelques ménages en Crise  ( Phase 3 de l'IPC ) .


La capacité de réponse reste limitée et l'UNICEF a lancé un appel pour un montant supplémentaire de 1 250 000 dollars US afin d'augmenter la capacité de réponse multisectorielle.


Trucks carrying livestock from the north of the country to target markets are currently taking longer than usual to cross the borders due to enhanced customs checks, thereby driving up transport costs.


Poor households typically rely on selling their own harvests of maize, cocoyam, beans and potatoes as a major source of income. In the current lean season, they are turning to small scale trade, selling charcoal and firewood, poultry farming and market gardening to tide them over until their stocks are replenished following the July harvest.


Fear of contracting COVID 19 is also forcing some displaced persons to return to their camps of origin.


Although the number of cases in Cameroon is expected to rise, the Government is likely to steadily lift the restrictions, and could fully reopen the country in the coming months. This could cause incidence of the disease to spike.


Economic conditions remain depressed on account of border closures and restrictions on non essential travel, leading to job losses and a decline in everyday income, and leaving poor households with reduced purchasing power.


Cameroon is among the epicenters of the COVID 19 pandemic in Central and West Africa, with 12,592 confirmed cases and 313 deaths as of June 29, 2020


Dans le Mayo Tsanaga, 7,227 nouveaux PDIs ont été enregistrés dont 4 895 dans l'arrondissement de Mokolo frontalier du Nigeria.


NRC apporte par exemple, un appui aux établissements primaires de Nguetchewe  ( Mayo Tsanaga ) , violemment frappé par une attaque de groupes armés le 1er août, sous forme de dotation en matériels didactiques, kits récréatifs et par la redynamisation des structures de gouvernance scolaires.


In May, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR )  recorded over 297,300 IDPs who had fled from Boko Haram attacks.


the prices of livestock for local consumption are higher than in previous months, since this is the time of year when working animals are purchased.


Fear of contracting the virus, social distancing measures and border closures are continuing to restrict the flow of rice, fish and other imported goods from Douala and Yaoundé to the rest of the country, as well as hindering the movement of locally produced food.


Plan International a assuré la désinfection des salles de classe du camp de réfugiés de Minawao et dans les écoles de la communauté autour du camp.


Selon les résultats de l'étude sur « L'analyse de la sécurité alimentaire et de la vulnérabilité à la pauvreté » menées par l'Université américaine de Beyrouth  ( AUB )  en collaboration avec le HCR et le PAM en 2018, plus de 80% sont considérés comme « extrêmement vulnérables ».


Les organisations humanitaires de leur côté évaluent les possibilités de transfert des activités alors en cours sur le site ; vers les quartiers de Kolofata où sont désormais concentrés les PDIs.


Les attaques contre les infrastructures et le personnel de santé, les écoles, les enseignants, les élèves et leurs parents se poursuivent.


Les revenus issus de la dernière campagne agricole restent inférieurs à la moyenne dans les régions anglophones en conﬂit, après quatre années consécutives de production inférieure à la moyenne.


En cas de symptômes :  ( 1 )  s'isoler jusqu'à ce qu'un test puisse être établi et  ( 2 )  d'appeler le 1510 qui enverra une EIIR ou indiquera au patient de se rendre dans un centre de santé.


Le taux d'inflation pour le premier trimestre 2020 est de 2,6 %, ce qui représente le taux le plus élevé depuis 2013.


Avec l'intensification des précipitations en juillet et août, l'accès humanitaire devient presque impossible dans le département du Logone et Chari.


Poor households began buying food in November, just four months after the start of the harvest. By contrast, in conflict free years, this gap is typically between 8 and 11 months.


Funding for a joint UNICEF  WFP nutrition proposal for the NWSW over 600,000 Euros  ( UNICEF – 200,000 Euros and WFP – 400,000 Euros )  has been approved.


OCHA is taking part together with the Health Cluster Coordinator in meetings organized by the COVID 19 NW Regional Task Force chaired by the Regional Delegates of Public Health and the Governor of NW while coordination support also continues in the SW


In April, a total of 50,486 individuals were reached through WASH services  ( excluding COVID 19 activities )  implemented by eleven WASH partners  ( ASWEDO, CAMGEW, CHAMEG, IVSPD, NRC, SHUMAS, SUDAHSER, CARITAS, Plan International, CBC and REACH OUT )  in the NWSW


43 vulnerable persons were referred to other humanitarian actors for suitable responses to their specific needs, while psychosocial support was provided to 59 vulnerable persons.


A total of 19,801 individuals benefitted from shelter/NFI kits distributed by DRC and NRC within the NWSW regions in the month of April.


Psychosocial support was provided to 681 beneficiaries by various humanitarian actors, including the clinical psychologists deployed by WHO in the NWSW.


IOM in its response to vulnerable IDP households in self settled situations assisted 743 individuals with both shelter and NFIs in Momo Division.


171 GBV actors, including health personnel, community mobilizers, community leaders and other humanitarian actors  ( 80% female )  received training and orientation on GBV prevention, referral pathways, case management and clinical management of rape.


Enhancing GBV case management skills of frontline workers is key to the healing process of survivors of GBV as well as their recovery and empowerment.


In the NWSW, OCHA is ensuring the humanitarian community supports the work of the Government of Cameroon in a transparent and coherent manner and in full respect of humanitarian principles.


Hence, several food security partners have been exploring the possibility of shifting to cash. The cash working group has engaged with the local government in the regions to ensure that partners shifting to cash do not face any bureaucratic challenges.


La croissance camerounaise de la dernière décennie reste non inclusive et ne réduit pas de manière significative la pauvreté ou les inégalités. D'importantes disparités régionales subsistent et la croissance ne crée pas d'emplois formels et décents.


Comme l'ont montré les conclusions de la phase 1 du plan de réponse socio économique au Cameroun, l'impact de la crise sanitaire touchera en premier lieu les ménages et groupes vulnérables, qui n'ont pas à leur disposition les outils nécessaires pour y faire face.


Dans un environnement ou les PME et les TPE représentent plus 99 % du tissus des entreprises, 34 % du PIB Global et totalisent près de 60 % de l'emploi, les effets du la pandémie représente un gros risque pour la stabilité économique et sociale, l'atteinte des objectifs de développement durables avec des risques d'aggravation d'inégalités et d'exclusion.


De même pour soutenir le plan d'intervention national, le SNU a mis à profit l'infrastructure, les actifs et l'expertise de sa chaîne d'approvisionnement existante dans le pays pour servir la communauté humanitaire au sens large, en fournissant l'épine dorsale logistique de la réponse à la crise COVID 19


Dès le début de la crise, le SNU déploie des mesures urgentes pour aider le Gouvernement à renforcer et permettre au système de santé de rester résilient, notamment à travers l'aide à la mise en place d'un centre nationale de coordination de la réponse sanitaire, l'identification, la prise en charge et le traitement rapide des cas avérés, l'acquisition du matériel médical d'urgence


Schools have been closed since 18 March to contain the spread of the COVID 19 pandemic.


Some 2,419 households received mosquito nets and 998 pregnant women received tetanus and diphtheria vaccines, out of which 812 received iron supplementation, and 144 received intermittent preventive treatment for malaria prevention.


Mass sensitization campaigns are ongoing in both regions to raise awareness and counter the widespread misinformation about COVID 19 in the regions.


Certaines études sur l'impact potentiel de la COVID  19 sur le VIH, la tuberculose et le paludisme dans les pays à faible revenu et à revenu intermédiaire conclut que dans les milieux à forte charge, les décès liés au VIH, à la tuberculose et au paludisme sur 5 ans risquent d'augmenter.


Ainsi, la CEA  ( 2020 )  estime que les pertes d'emplois sont importantes, en particulier dans le secteur informel où la protection de l'emploi est plus faible.


Les artefacts historiques, objets, matériaux d'importance culturelle, religieuse et historique qui abondent au Cameroun sont rassemblés dans 31 musées.


Plus de la moitié  ( 52% )  de la population vit en milieu urbain, notamment dans les deux grandes métropoles que sont Douala et Yaoundé


En effet, la déperdition des effectifs d'élèves observée du préscolaire au secondaire ces dernières années est liée entre autres à l'insécurité dans les régions du Nord Ouest et du Sud Ouest et les autres crises qui affectent le système éducatif.


Le niveau élevé des investissements publics et la baisse des prix du pétrole ont maintenu les déficits budgétaires dans une fourchette de 4 à 5 % du PIB entre 2010 et 2016.


En termes de communication, Il existe 3 opérateurs téléphoniques mobiles dans l'arrondissement de Zina : MTN, NEXTEL et Orange. Cependant, la couverture du réseau téléphonique reste partielle. Fortes perturbations sur le réseau sont courantes et peuvent durer des heures voir plus.


Human Interest Stories and External Media :Disseminated COVID 19 prevention messages and continued to feature UNICEF Somalia's response through social media platforms  ( Facebook, Instagram and Twitter ) . Social media activity also continued to showcase the crucial support of donors and partners


At least eight water pumps were also submerged and destroyed by the flood waters  [ by Deyr seasonal rains  ]


Shelter and Non Food Items  ( S NFI ) : Depending on the affected community's vulnerabilities, assets, capacities, and preferences, IOM provides identified populations with transitional shelters or more permanent structures through in kind and/or cash based intervention.


Between September and October, the Ministry of Education and Higher Education in Puntland has been working on the development of alternative learning contents for all grades. The Ministry of Education embarked on undertaking quality assurance and standards for the developed content for grade 6, 7 and 8. With the initial development of the grade 6,7 and 8 learning materials, the MoE has developed learning materials for lower grade subjects. It is also expected that once completed, this will complement the learning processes as schools re open.


DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX  ( DTM ) : During the reporting period, 7,058 people, entering and exiting Somalia, were reached. COVID 19 information was shared with 3,118  ( 44% )  individuals who reported to be unaware of the COVID 19 situation.


March saw a continued uptake in the number of cases of COVID 19 within Somalia. As of the end of the month there was a total of 11,504 positive cases with 537 deaths.


When the COVID 19 outbreak began, the country had no ventilators or intensive care unit beds in any of the public hospitals. As cases increased, WHO and other UN agencies – International Office of Migration, United Nations Population Fund and United Nations Development Programme – and other international partners rapidly scaled up support to establish isolation centres in all the main tertiary hospitals and equip them with ventilators, oxygen concentrators and other equipment to enhance the functioning of the intensive care units. We have also provided personal protective equipment for health care workers in all these hospitals.


International support is being mobilised for the Somalia COVID 19 Preparedness and Response Plan  ( CPRP )  that was launched on 23 April. The plan seeks US$689 million to respond to the direct public health and indirect immediate humanitarian and socio economic consequences of COVID 19.


WASH and Health partners have intensified AWD/Cholera prevention and response activities, increased training for private water operators to ensure safe water handling and strengthened coordination with state level Health and Water Resource Ministries


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  94% of households found with an education LSG. 94% found to be severe, 1% stress, 5% no or minimal.


Measles vaccination, Vitamin A supplementation and household access to clean water and sanitation remain low in many rural livelihoods.


Reinforced complain and feedback mechanisms was also recommended. Some partners mentioned also the use of protection monitoring findings, such as findings of the Protection Monitoring System, and referrals to address any situation of systematic exclusion.


More than 9 million people are affected by poor WASH conditions in Somalia. The methodology used for the PIN calculation estimated that 3.8 WASH 2.7 million people are in severe  ( 2.5M )  and extreme  ( 0.2M )  need of humanitarian WASH assistance. There are no people in catastrophic need of WASH support, although it is anticipated that 0.7M people could be in acute life saving needs along the Shabelle and Juba river basins in case of above normal rainfall performance during the 2020 Gu' and Deyr rainy seasons.


Urgent treatment and nutrition support are required for about 849,900 children under the age of five years  ( total acute malnutrition burden ) , who will likely face acute malnutrition through August 2021, including 143 400 who are likely to be severely malnourished.


2020 Deyr season cereal production in southern Somalia is estimated at 78 600 tons, which is 20 percent below the 1995 2019 average. The main factors for below average production include: poor and erratic rainfall, recurrent flooding, Desert Locust, and conflict.


IOM continued to disseminate information to ensure IDPs are aware of the risks, signs and symptoms and mode of transmissions of COVID 19 and know the appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the risks. Awareness raising sessions were conducted at the information centres, marketplaces or during community meetings, with a highlight on how to practice physical distancing.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 56% for stress and lowest was 1% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per Nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 43% for stress and lowest was 4% for no or minimal.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  11% and 17% of households of IDP settlement and Non IDP settlement reported all school aged children in their household who were previously attending school are continuing learning activities remotely since schools have been closed.


This  ( Floods )  has triggered a sharp increase in the number of acute watery diarrhea and cholera cases in Somalia in which, as of mid  June, 4,437 confirmed cases have been reported. This year, the cases are significantly higher than the same period last year.


Schools continue with the phased reopening since August amidst challenges related to social distancing, physical space and prevention. According to Education Cluster Partners at least 900,000 face masks and 16,728 digital thermometers are needed to support the safe reopening of schools for the 900,000 children targeted under the COVID 19 Preparedness and Response Plan  ( CPRP ) .


Meanwhile, UNHCR, the Government and partners continue to facilitate safe and voluntary returns of Somali refugees  ( mainly residing in Kenya and Yemen )  to Somalia.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with children , 10% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection . While among households of non IDP settlements with children , 8% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection.


In general, humanitarian access in rural areas of the South is low, but food assistance has reached less than 25 percent of the population in several districts, such as Bulo Burto of Hiiraan and Marka of Lower Shabelle, among others.


Terms of trade: Household purchasing capacity, as measured by terms of trade, is below average in most regions of the country. The labor to cereals terms of trade declined from October to December, largely due to decreased demand for agricultural labor during the recent below average deyr agricultural season as well as decreased labor demand during the crop marketing season for processing, transportation, and other market related activities. In addition, reduced economic activity in major towns – especially in the construction sector from the election related political stalemate – has also contributed to reduced wage rates.


Livestock still command a relatively higher price in the North, where supply is still below normal, compared to the South, where supply is relatively near normal. Despite high goat prices, poor households – especially in north central Somalia – have few goats to sell and total income is below average.


Protection: KIs from 81% of assessed settlements reported at least one type of protection incident that happened in the month preceding data collection. In those settlements, 29% reported the most commonly reported types of protection incidents was unofficial tax collection, 28% reported theft, 12% reported Conflict in settlement .


SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 30% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 30% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 67% ) .


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  98% of the household found with WASH living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 10% found to be very extremely severe, 40% extreme severe, 48% severe, 1% stress, 1% no or minimal.


Crop stages range from the vegetative stage in Bay, to establishment stages in Bakool, to maturation stages in parts of Lower Shabelle and Cowpea Belt Agropastoral livelihood zone.


From June to September, food security in northern Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral livelihood zone is expected to deteriorate to Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .


While there has been no reported major COVID 19 outbreak, testing remains extremely limited and congestion and unsanitary conditions are risks for wide spread transmission.


Since 12 August, hygiene kits for 5,300 families and water trucking for 4,500 households have been initiated. Chlorination of community water points and household water treatment is ongoing. WASH actors have also devised a two phase intervention plan to manage the floods and mitigate disease outbreaks including disinfection of community water points and supply to the affected communities. Large scale hygiene promotion activities targeting some 150,000 people is taking place in the affected areas.


UNDP Somalia's Accelerator Lab in collaboration with the Institute of Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship, Harihub and Hanaqad, is facilitating a hackathon for at least 300 young Somalia innovators tasked with coming up with innovative solutions for the COVID 19 pandemic.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  95% of IDP settlement and 95% of non IDP settlement households found with a Education Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .


Health partners distributed 1,450 sample collection kits and transported more than 650 samples from inaccessible areas. At least 20 new health care facilities  ( HCFs )  were added to the Early Warning and Response Network  ( EWARN )  and 73 rapid response teams deployed for field investigation and sample collection.


The vulnerabilities caused from food insecurities have also increased largely to urban areas


Moreover, security has not improved having a direct impact on humanitarian interventions, and deliveries of supplies.


Five  ( 5 )  regions in Somalia reported cases: Banadir, Hiraan  ( Beletwanye, Buloburte Jalaqsi ) , Middle Shabelle  ( Jawhar ) , Lower Shabelle  ( Marka )  and Bay  ( Biadoa )  with Banadir leading number of infections. A large part of the AWD/Cholera cases are attributed to flooding outside of Banadir.


Sustained large scale humanitarian assistance to prevent further destitution and to protect the gains already made in enhancing access to food is required.


Cash and in kind values scaled up to more than 50 percent of monthly kilocalorie needs, delivered in two month distribution cycles in order to limit the risk of spreading COVID 19 among in kind recipients.


Livestock exports were better than forecast, with exports from Bossaso port rising 40 percent above exports during the same period of 2019 in March and April. In Berbera, exports increased by 14 percent.


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  The 100% households found to have an overall MSNI of 3 and above, this score was most commonly driven by extreme LSGs in WASH, Education, SNFI AND Nutrition  ( 21% ) , followed by WASH, SNFI, Nutrition and Protection  ( 10% ) , or WASH, Education, SNFI, Nutrition AND Food security  ( 9% ) .


Accordingly, a deterioration from Serious  ( IPC Phase 3 )  to Critical  ( IPC Phase 4 )  is expected among Galkacyo IDPs, Hawd Pastoral of northeast and central regions, rural Hiran  ( Beletweyne, Jalalaqsi, Buloburte and Mataban districts ) , Baidoa IDPs, Bay Agropastoral and Lower Juba Riverine.


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  85% of the household found with WASH living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 16% found to be very extremely+ severe, 25% extreme severe, 44% severe, 12% stress,3% no or minimal.


Health partners warn of risk of diarrhoea, vector borne diseases, respiratory tract infections and other communicable diseases rapidly spreading amongst the displaced population.


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  66% of Households of IDP settlements have not been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection while 26% of Households of IDP settlements have been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection.


Between January and December 2020, around 1.3 million people were displaced in Somalia. Of these, more than 1 million new and secondary displacements occurred because of natural disasters, particularly due to the Gu and Hagaa flooding, as well as drought and other interrelated causes.


Most poor households are expected to experience food consumption gaps indicative of Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  in southern agropastoral livelihood zones and in Togdheer Agropastoral livelihood zone. In Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral livelihood zone, where households are highly vulnerable to below normal labor income, an increasing proportion of poor households will likely deteriorate to Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) .


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of IDP settlement and 98% of non IDP settlement households found with multi sectoral needs.


The Education Cluster saw a decline in the number of People in Need because of the changed focus, from children in and out of school in need of Education in Emergencies  ( EiE )  assistance  ( based on multi facetted needs analysis from the JMCNA ) , to only focusing on children who were enrolled prior to school closure.


WHO has therefore worked hard to ensure that COVID 19 did not overwhelm the already fragile health system and adversely affect the health of these groups. Stringent health safety measures have been put in place in order to reduce the risk of exposure of both health care seekers and providers to the COVID 19 virus.


The Federal Government of Somalia  ( FGS )  and Puntland Ministry of Health, supported by the University of Oslo, have started the District Health Information System indicator review process with stakeholders and partners to improve monitoring of essential services and COVID 19 related disruption in 2021.


The Somali Red Crescent and ICRC provided more than 94,000 sandbags to communities to help them protect their property and crops against floodwaters.


Typically, a household of six seven people needs to purchase 90 kg of rice or cereal monthly. On average, the sale of a local quality goat in May could purchase 65 76 kg of cereal across key reference markets in central, northwestern, and northeastern Somalia, which is 7 20 percent May 2019


A recent consultation conducted by the Africa's Voices Foundation, which utilised interactive radio to gather perspectives from over 8,200 citizens on the current humanitarian context, found that 84 per cent of people felt that participating in radio dialogues made them feel more included in humanitarian decision making.


In Rabdhure, prices of local cereals increased minimally by 2% to 4% compared to last week, however imported food items and fuel prices remain the same for four weeks in a row and are expensive.


Humanitarian access to contested and sieged areas is hampered by ongoing hostilities, movement and security restrictions, as well as poor infrastructures. Identifying safe access routes and obtaining assurances to enter remain the major hindrances to ensure the safe, unimpeded and predictable passage of humanitarian aid and personnel to affected areas.


Nearly 54 per cent of health facilities do not provide an ‘Expanded Program on Immunization' service, driving coverage below 50 per cent and leading to a rapid accumulation of children susceptible to vaccine preventable illnesses and communities exposed to large outbreaks.


Siege like warfare engaged in by Al Shabaab in some government held towns in Hirshabelle, South West State and Jubbaland State continues to hinder the transport of humanitarian and commercial supplies.


Flooding has displaced 412,000 people in 29 districts as of 17 May, forcing many of them to seek shelter on higher ground, often in crowded shelters in nearby villages.


Access to affected people remains a major challenge in Somalia. Over one third of the country is hard to reach by humanitarians, including 23 districts  ( 31 per cent of total )  and 16 district capitals  ( 22 per cent )  . Around 1.3 million people in need reside in the hardest to reach areas, predominantly in Middle Juba, Lower Shabelle, Bay, Bakool, Middle Shabelle, and southern Galgaduud. Of the 23 districts with the highest access constraints, Afgooye, Baidoa, Jilib, Kurtunwaarey, Marka and Qoryooley host over half of the people in need  ( 59 per cent ) .


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where girls and/or women do not feel safe were: On the way to markets, 64% When leaving settlement/town 44% ,At water points 31%


IOM supports the Government of Somalia in promoting safe and orderly migration, securing borders and building the capacity of immigration officials.


Although health workers were forced to pause regular health services to attend to the COVID 19 pandemic, in the last month, Somalia has taken bold steps to resume regular health activities, including conducting immunization campaigns to stop the spread of the polio virus.


WHO supported the establishment of three laboratories in the country with the capacity to test for COVID 19 using a real time polymerase chain reaction  ( PCR )  technique


UNICEF's ongoing humanitarian action focuses on an integrated, inclusive, and multi sectoral response to residual drought impact, displacement, conflict, disease outbreaks and seasonal floods


Investment in community level preventive healthcare and nutrition is also necessary to reduce the population susceptibility to diseases/risks of disease outbreak thus minimizing the burden on the health system. Mental health and psychosocial services  ( MHPSS )  should be widely integrated to the primary health care services in order to address the social and mental health consequences of COVID 19 and reduce the negative impact on livelihoods.


Health has received the largest amount of any cluster  ( $20 million ) , followed by Protection  ( $6.1 million ) , Food Security and Multi Purpose Cash  ( $3.5 million each ) . Smaller contributions have also been allocated for CCCM, WASH, Enabling Programmes, Education and Shelter & NFIs.


In South West State, overflowing water from River Shabelle has reportedly inundated six villages in Afgooye area, affecting 8,000 people, of whom 3,500 are displaced.


Since the start of the year, polio health teams have joined the fight against COVID 19 in Somalia, providing support in tracing, tracking and following up on suspected and confirmed cases


The low internet penetration in Somalia makes it difficult to plan and execute online virtual activities with community level facilitators/volunteers, parents and children


Mandatory medical measures on travelling passengers were imposed in 25 airports.


Over 5.2 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in Somalia, including 3.5 million non IDPs; 1.7 million people displaced by conflict, insecurity, forced evictions, droughts, and floods; 108,000 returnees; and 42,000 refugees and asylum seekers.


IOM promotes pathways of labour migration, enhancing coordination for diaspora engagement, strengthening institutional capacity and, mitigating the drivers of irregular migration.


Insufficient access to information and community participation: According to the DSA, over 70 per cent of IDPs in informal sites lack access to information about their rights and available services.


Although local partners have been more successful in securing access in conflict affected areas on the basis of their lower security profiles, much more needs to be done to ensure the safe, timely, unimpeded and predictable passage of humanitarian assistance, goods and personnel to affected zones.


32 health and community workers received refresher training in Belet Weyne, Hirshabelle State on COVID 19 prevention and case management guidelines.


Marginalized/minority communities are extremely vulnerable to discrimination and persecution by the myriad of armed actors in Somalia and have reduced capacity to provide meaningful protection to members.They lack redress for grave violations of human rights due to limited state protection.


In Marka district, authorities and partners are relocating affected families to higher grounds. In Afgooye and Wanla Weyn, the Food Security Cluster has provided one month food rations to 2,000 households.


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  Top three most commonly reported priority needs: Shelter  ( 54% ) , Food  ( 26% ) , Healthcare  ( 29% ) .


While ensuring the continuity of critical WASH interventions to respond to the COVID 19 crisis and mitigate post floods and cholera impact, putting in place preparedness measures for the next deyr season remains a priority for WASH partners, targeting in particular displaced populations in urban/periurban and at points of entry.. It is also important to continue implementing integrated WASH/health interventions, to jointly respond to COVID 19 and prevent a further increase in AWD/ cholera cases, as well as further raise awareness to prevent the spread of COVID19 through risk communication and community engagement, and support compliance to recommended measures through hygiene promotion, hygiene kit distribution and access to water.


Already, the outbreak of COVID 19 has had a significant economic impact. The Federal Government is projecting an 11 percent decline in nominal GDP for 2020, remittances that are received by an estimated 40 per cent of Somali households have dropped by as much as 50 per cent and revenue collection has dropped.


In September, protection partners reached a total of 2,271 individuals  ( over 61 per cent children, women, persons with disabilities )  through protection monitoring. A total of 254 persons with specific needs and heightened vulnerability were provided with protection oriented support and 10,571 reached through awareness raising on protection issues. A total of 366 individuals were reached through community based protection activities


In September, WASH partners reached 141,461 beneficiaries with access to sustainable safe water through rehabilitation, upgrading and construction of water sources, and 26,977 beneficiaries with emergency sanitation. The partners also reached 144,941 beneficiaries with hygiene promotion activities and hygiene kits distribution and 172,590 beneficiaries with access to temporary water such as trucking and chlorination of shallow wells and water points.


Came milk prices have shown increased trends compared to previous weeks due to seasonality. In the main markets, camel milk prices are trading between $1 and $1.3 per litre


WFP and UNICEF are supporting government to reach the most vulnerable through a variety of rural and urban safety nets to address food insecurity and loss of income. WFP is already accelerating registration of people and planning to expand transfers in the coming weeks for an urban safety net. Under the government led, World Bank funded Shock Responsive Safety Net for Human Capital Project  ( SNHCP ) , WFP expects to reach an additional 200,000 rural households by the third quarter of 2020.


Insecurity, lack of access, funding and operation challenges remain a major constraint for response. The U$256 million humanitarian component of the Somalia COVID 19 CPRP launched in April is only 31 per cent  ( $78.5 million )  as of 14 October


There is also a continuous requirement for advocacy and capacity building of the Somalia Explosives Management Authority  ( SEMA )  to facilitate a sustained national capability to manage and coordinate mine action responses effectively


During January the child protection programme reached 7,264 people with mental health and psychosocial support  ( MHPSS )  services, of whom 72 per cent were children.


The WHO country office in Somalia set up a dashboard for real time monitoring of COVID 19 in the country which is updated every day. The dashboard available at https://bmgf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/d0d9a939c5fa4 01caa3a7447e72b2017 provides the number of cases and deaths associated with COVID 19 in real time, including information on operations support provided by WHO for surveillance, case management and essential health services.


UNICEF and partners engage with the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management  ( MoHADM )  on strengthening collaboration mechanisms for humanitarian response.


Unaccompanied and separated children  ( UASC )  are at risk of other protection violations including abuse and exploitative labour if they are not provided with services at the destination point. A total 2239 UASC  ( 1299 girls and 940 boys )  were documented and provided with various protection services between January to August 2019 , including interim care by foster families in the case of unaccompanied children.


. As a result, 84,468 children were informed on the risks related to COVID 19, as well as the preventive measures in September. In addition, dissemination of health messages on COVID 19 through the mass media including TVs, radio, SMS and online mechanisms was undertaken.  ( By UNICEF )


High population density as is the case in most of the IDP sites in Somalia, is a key factor for transmission pathways.


Upsurge in access constraints reported in first half of 2020 with 141 incidents recorded up to July compared to 151 in the whole of 2019


To move these efforts forward, GAP agencies are collaborating with the Government to develop an operational plan. They aim to align this with the new funding that a number of agencies are providing for the response to COVID 19, to support the scale up of primary health care, including implementation of the package of essential health services.


The threat of improvised explosive devices  ( IEDs )  on key roads and areas under government control continues to affect access in many parts of southern and central Somalia. Reports indicate that harassment and extortion at checkpoints continue to delay or block aid delivery. Additionally, people living within territory controlled by Harakat al Shabaab al Mujahedeen  ( AS )  remain largely out of reach, as their ability to move to safer areas in neighboring districts where humanitarian actors are currently responding is very limited.


According to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network outlook report of August 2020, the below average 2020 gu cereal harvest, the economic impacts of COVID 19 and the forecast of below average deyr rainfall from October to December drive a worsening food security outlook through at least early 2021.


Violence against children, both inside and outside of the home has reportedly increased and is made worse by the lack of avenues through which to report abuse and seek adequate assistance, according to a Child Protection COVID 19 Survey.


Adequate infant and young child nutrition  ( IYCN )  practices are crucial for the growth and development of children. In Somalia, the 2016 Infant and Young Child Nutrition  ( IYCN )  Assessment found that only 33 per cent of infants below six months are exclusively breastfed, and while 46 per cent of mothers continue to breastfeed their infants up to 12 months, only 15 per cent continue to breastfeed the child up to 24 months.


According to the Somalia Food Security Cluster, an average of 1.85 million people received food assistance monthly from April to August. Approximately 400,000 people also benefitted from government led rural and urban safety net programmes. In April, the Government enacted a 20 to100 per cent tax exemption on imported food commodities in order to mitigate the socio economic impact of COVID 19 on the population.


By 1 September 2020, $567 million had been received against activities in the Humanitarian Response Plan. Key clusters such as health  ( 23 per cent )  and protection  ( 15 per cent )  – crucial to the prevention of disease outbreak and gender based violence respectively that have been known to rise due to compromised living conditions are critically underfunded.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with children were: Unaware that supplements are available  ( 44% ) , Unaware that services are available  ( 37% ) , difficulty in enrolling children in  ( 33% ) .


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  99% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 15% found to be extreme+, 61% extreme, 23% severe and 1% stress.


Case Management services provided to 1,382 children  ( 73.5 per cent girls )  in November, either directly through daily field presence of caseworkers or remotely


The existing risks that could lead to the injury and death of children, the major responses identified by 56% of the KI indicated that environmental risks at home and outside  ( as the main cause of dangers and injuries to children.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of IDP settlements were: Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 56% ) , Ownership  ( 10% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 24% ) , rented  ( 7% ) . Similarly, Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of non IDP settlements were: Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 33% ) , Ownership  ( 23% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 6% ) , rented  ( 36% ) .


Vulnerable migrants continued to receive direct assistance and basic services at Migration Response Centers and the Ethiopian Community Centres in Hargeisa and Bossaso. At least 11 Somali nationals were assisted to return after more than six months of being stranded in the Islamic Republic of Iran, following the outbreak of COVID 19


The main challenge in delivering humanitarian assistance in a timely, efficient manner is the limited access to areas controlled by Al Shabaab. While insight of what the actual humanitarian needs are in these areas is required, only a limited number of actors have the capacity to operate in Al Shabaab controlled areas and the lack of access by international staff makes it increasingly difficult to carry out monitoring and evaluation of projects on the ground


A combination of Covid 19 and natural events, increasing in intensity and frequency by climate change, such as flooding and desert locust swarms, exacerbated communities' existing vulnerabilities.


To improve livelihoods and respond to the increased need of personal protective equipment, 42 former graduates from UNHCR's vocational skills training are producing non clinical face masks, certified by the Ministry of Health, in South West Somalia. In Hargeisa, 25 small scale business  ( SSB )  beneficiaries were each supported with USD 400 during Covid 19


high levels of conflict have prompted more than 30,000 persons to move from rural areas to peri urban and urban centres.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  4% and 5% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported areas in their community where boys or men do not feel safe.


As of October 2020, the Federal Government of Somalia has lifted several of these restrictions, particularly on movements in and out of the country, including by reopening international airports  ( ICAO, 2020 )  .


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 18% found to be extreme+ severe, 52% extreme and 30% severe.


Fuel prices have increased in most markets compared to last week and are low. For instance in Hargeisa, diesel increased from 4,000 to 4,800 SL. SH  ( 20% )  and petrol increased from 5,000 to 5,500 SL SH. per litre  ( 10% )


In November, Education partners reached at least 102,770 of whom 50,380 were girls with Education in Emergency  ( EiE )  assistance, bringing the total number of children reached with EiE to 651,587  ( 302,373 girls ) .


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 62% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 39% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 20% ) .


Illegal checkpoints that were erected between Bosasso  Beletweyne route were removed by the police improving supply flow of commodities.


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among households with multi sectoral needs, highest need was of WASH  ( 96% ) , followed by Education ( 88% ) , Shelter ( 74% ) , Nutrition ( 54% ) , Health ( 23% )  and Protection ( 10% )

Wash Protection Health Nutrition Education Shelter


The nutrition context has remained precarious in Somalia, with a median national GAM rate of 13.8 per cent during the Gu season in 2019   this is a slight improvement from the previous years' 14 per cent  ( 2018 )  and 17.4 per cent  ( 2017 ) . The majority of high GAM rates are concentrated in the six regions of Banadir  ( 14.8 per cent ) , Shabelle  ( 11 per cent ) , Bay  ( 8.8 per cent ) , Hiraan  ( 6.1 per cent ) , Woqooyi Galbeed  ( 5.6 per cent )  and Gedo  ( 5.4 per cent ) . Pre existing challenges including conflict, displacement, drought, flooding and lacking basic social services, as well as compounding factors such as disability, exacerbate the nutrition outlook in the country.


According to WHO, cumulative positive testing rate, has declined. Across the country, health facility and community based surveillance activities are focused on early detection, testing, tracking and tracing of cases


The second instalments of small grants were provided to the Community Education Committees for 37 schools in south central. The grant modality aims to maintain enrolment of children, especially girls, and improve teacher motivation in the Ministry of Education target schools.


The COVID 19 pandemic is generating new humanitarian needs, especially as compelled by the impact of the locust infestation as well as Gu' flooding. At the same time, the impact of this pandemic has the potential to affect the humanitarian outcomes of people already targeted in the HRP, particularly the 2.6 million people living in highly congested IDP sites, by exposing them to additional risk and exhausting coping capacities.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  6% and 12% of Households IDP and non IDP settlements respectively reported education of their children had been disrupted as a result of the COVID 19 outbreak.


On 21 June, convoys carrying supplies of food and non food commodities to Gedo region could not be delivered, because of armed clashes between an Ethiopian convoy and AS militants. On 23 June, a suicide bomb exploded outside the Turkish Somalia military training camp, in Wadajir district.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where girls and/or women do not feel safe were: On the way to markets  ( 82% ) , When leaving settlement/town ( 74% ) , At water points  ( 91% ) .


There are limited provisions for and access to mental health and psychosocial support, to address emotional and social suffering and prevent long term burden on health, social and economic systems.


In Diinsoor, prices of imported food products were high, also due to the restriction on the transport of goods inside and outside the district.


According to WHO, 744 children in Banadir have reportedly been infected with measles since the beginning of the year, which accounts for around half the total number of cases in the country. Three cases of poliovirus were also recorded in Banadir region. Measles is a highly contagious respiratory infection that causes high fever and rash; it spreads easily in densely populated areas. It commonly affects children who have not been vaccinated. Children who are malnourished are at greater risk. Complications of measles include severe and prolonged diarrhea, pneumonia, blindness, encephalitis and death.


During the reporting period, confirmed cases increased in Somaliland and Puntland. WHO continues to support four biosafety level 2 PCR testing laboratories located in Mogadishu, Hargeysa and Garowe.


[ General household information ] Two most commonly reported preferred sources through to receive information about COVID 19 were Radio classes  ( 32% )  and SMS  ( 31% ) .


Major reasons for displacement are droughts  ( 62% )  and conflict  ( 38% )  in Cadaado District

Context->Security & stability
Context->Environment


Floods contributed to the outbreak of cholera, with 271 cases so far admitted to the Marka district hospital CTC.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  88% and 77% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no child friendly spaces in their community.


The population in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  has risen significantly, with a 48 percent increase recorded from September 2020 to January 2021. In addition to the population in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) , 2.93 million people are Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  and in need of livelihoods support.


[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] While facilities were found to be basic, households or communities reportedly work to ensure that they are well cared for. A majority of households  ( 70% )  reported considering the latrines they use to be hygienic or very hygienic. Non displaced households  ( 76% )  were reportedly more likely to consider the latrines they use to be hygienic compared to displaced households  ( 52% )


In Rabdhure, local cereals  ( white maize and red sorghum )  are out of stock, in addition prices of vegetables are high due to scarcity. For instance, the price of both tomatoes and potatoes is $2 per Kg and banana is $0.25 per piece.


[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ]  Participants were much less likely to report reducing drinking or domestic water consumption as a coping strategy. Instead, the leading responses were: spending more time travelling to fetch water, relying on humanitarian assistance, purchasing water, and notifying their community leader or relevant authority.


Over 4,754 confirmed cases since 16 March 2020, 4,754 including 130 deaths. Positivity rate: 7 per cent declined since the start of the outbreak. Case fatality rate: 2.6 per cent  ( Source: WHO, Health cluster ) .


The next three months  ( January to March 2021 )  are expected to be dry and intervening agencies are advised to take advantage of the dry period and low river levels to repair the open and weak river banks to reduce flood impacts in the three districts during the next rainy season of Gu 2021.


[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] While 1% of the households self report that they never wash their hands, handwashing appears not to be a common practice at all key moments. For instance, 89% of households reportedly wash their hands before eating, but only 45% of the households reported doing so after defecation. There was a slight difference regarding handwashing times between displaced and non displaced households.


Education complaints continue to rise in Kismayo with most issues concerning school fees and school uniform costs


A programme for effective Solid Waste management operations and services would Imply the development of By laws on Municipal Solid Waste Management and Bio Medical Waste Management, trainings for public and private sector companies and public awareness campaigns, with scope for public private partnerships as already successfully operated In various municipalities In Somalia


Kismayo has hosted large numbers of displaced affected communities and returning refugees since years.Drought and conflict are the main driver of displacement, together with voluntarily repatriation from the Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya.


The affected beneficiaries were somehow able to meet their emergency HHIs needs. And the change from HHIs to Unconditional Mobile Cash Transfer  ( UMCT )  was well received and appropriate to the beneficiaries.


Child Protection AoR partners' staff and volunteers continued to conduct outreach to children and community members to raise awareness on child protection and COVID 19 risks through household visits, individual and group counselling and discussions with community leaders. In November, 159,818 individuals  ( 54.9 per cent children )  were reached with child friendly awareness raising sessions, positive parenting messages, and flyers on child protection and COVID 19 risks.


Displacement further disrupts existing socio economic networks. In areas where climatic shocks reduce already limited resources, violent intergroup conflict over access to resources increases.


CCCM partners have reached 921 IDP sites out of 2,344 sites nationally, covering 1,091,009 persons  ( 42 per cent out of total IDP population )  in November. Partners continue to distribute COVID 19 information leaflets to communities and to hold information sessions with members of the IDP community. CCCM partners aim to target 1,000 IDP sites throughout Somalia with COVID 19 RCCE activities every month


Recognizing the recurrent flooding along the Shabelle River in the last few years, SWALIM undertook a field survey in Jowhar, Balcad and Afgooye districts. The objective of the survey was to map existing open and weak river embankments in the three districts. A total of 93 weak/open river points were identified with a total of 10,474 household being affected and about 72,000 hectares of cropland underwater  ( Annex I ) .


Since late June over 250,000 people have been affected by floods in Hirshabelle, South West and Jubaland states.


Baidoa IDP recorded a GAM prevalence of 11.9 percent and a SAM prevalence of 2.1 percent indicating Serious levels of nutrition situation.


There is need to recruit extra personnel to be deployed in all formal and informal entry points in Kenya Somalia border to carry out screening exercise


[ Through mid 2021 ]  Moreover, approximately 839,000 children under the age of five are likely to be acutely malnourished, including nearly 143,000 likely severely malnourished.


Serious protection concerns exist in Somalia due to widespread conflict compounded by climatic shocks, forcing many people to flee and exposing them to multiple risks.


At the same time, lack of access to clean water in many areas has heightened the risk of outbreaks of water borne diseases, augmenting existing vulnerabilities.


At its core, Somalia is a protection crisis with at risk groups composed predominantly of those suffering marginalisation and exclusion. Violence and conflict continue with civilians bearing the brunt of the conflict.


Banadir region remains the epicentre of the epidemic with 1,036 confirmed cases as of 17 May. To minimise further spread of the virus, authorities have imposed a curfew, closed schools and restricted large gatherings.


However, above average Karan rains from June to September have since improved harvest prospects; nonetheless, updated crop estimates are not yet available  ( FSNAU Somalia/FEWS NET, 2020c ) . According to FSNAU Somalia and FEWS NET, the main drivers of the below average Gu harvest were flooding, erratic rainfall, dry spells, insecurity and conflict  ( FSNAU Somalia, FEWS NET, 2020b ) .


In addition, the Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF )  has contributed $2.57 million to the COVID 19 response including $400,000 to expand treatment facilities at Martino hospital in Mogadishu.


Reports of cases of acute watery diarrhoea and cholera, which continue to be endemic throughout Somalia, persist. From January to 6 September 2020, a total of 5,691 cholera cases, including 30 deaths, were reported in 29 flood affected districts. In all of the reported cases of cholera, the individual did not receive the oral cholera vaccination.


Fencing the sites would enhance the safety of the residents and reduce threats.


There are 482 IDP camps in Baidoa according to the CCCM sector's master list. The majority of these IDP camps are overcrowded, selfsettled makeshift sites with shelters made of locally available materials such as plastics and worn out clothes


Recommendations  [ family and community based approaches to child protection ] Raising awareness around the risks associated harmful practices, early marriage and family separation.   Capacity building for parents, as people children turn to for help, on basic counseling support and appropriate interventions for child survivors of sexual violence   Development of and/or support to peer support systems, particularly for youth.


Carryover water and pasture from the 2019 Deyr season supported livestock through the dry Jilaal  ( January March 2020 )  season. Despite some desert locust damage in northern and central regions, heavy 2020 Gu season rainfall in April through mid May and Hagaa/Karan rains in July September have moderated the impact and replenished pasture and browse across most regions. In most parts of the country, current pasture, browse and water availability is adequate to support livestock, at least through the start of the 2020 Deyr season rainfall in October.


Moreover, joint coordination  ( of CCCM cluster )  with WASH and Health partners have allowed for enhanced hygiene promotion and sanitation activities in sites with high risk of COVID 19 transmission  ( amongst IDP population )


Political and legal institutions can significantly refract and mediate the effects of crises. Institutions remain fragile and lack the robustness required to withstand shocks or crises, resulting in risks that threaten the political, economic, and social stability at the national, regional, or local levels.


Parties to the conflict have damaged telecommunications service by ordering service providers to terminate service or by attacking, destroying or damaging telecommunications installations.


To counter Al Shabaab and attempt to bring added security to Mogadishu, where 276 terrorist incidents were recorded in 2019, most of which were publicly claimed by Al Shabaab, the Somali National Army, with the African Union Mission in Somalia  ( AMISOM )  and other international security partners, launched Operation Badbaado in Shabelle Hoose.


In the projection period, between October and December 2020, a Critical  ( IPC AMN Phase 4 )  prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM ≥ 15% )  is anticipated in these population groups: Bossasso IDPs, Garowe IDPs, Galkacyo IDPs, Beletweyne IDPs and urban, Mogadishu IDPs, Baidoa IDPs, East Golis pastoral, Hiran region, Elbarde district of Bakool region, Middle and Lower Shabelle Riverine and Middle and Lower Juba Riverine livelihoods.


Abductions of humanitarian workers remain a concerning trend. With the exception of the kidnapping and murder of the seven health care workers in Hirshabelle, all of the other kidnappings were verified as having been carried out by Al Shabaab, which considers kidnapping to be a source of income.


Al Shabaab continues to attack some of the newly recovered area in an attempt to regain control. In some cases, civilians have reported abuses and human rights violations by the Somali national armed forces in the newly recovered areas.


For farmers and herders, rainfall patterns influence a complex series of movements in search of grazing land between the seasons. Seasonal variability and unpredicted shifts can have cascading effects on herders, farmers, markets, families and entire communities


Other assistance needs required by households varied between areas. For instance, households in agropastoral areas leading towards assistance to support crop production, such as seeds, tools, fertilizers and pesticides, while households in pastoral areas showed a tendency to report their needs in terms of livestock production assistance, such as facilitating access to water, obtaining animal feed and accessing veterinary services and inputs. Overall, marketing support for agricultural products was also commonly identified as a crosscutting need.


To get families through the coming weeks, humanitarian agencies have so far trucked water to almost 50,000 households, reaching about 300,000 people. But distribution is not easy   water trucking is notoriously expensive and dangers are involved in insecure areas.


In response, ongoing desert locust surveys and control operations for both land and air have been scaled up, while resources including aircrafts, vehicles, equipment, biopesticides, insect growth regulators and staff have been strategically positioned in various parts of the country. Since the start of the year, FAO has sprayed more than 110,000 hectares with biopesticides, saving 193,000 metric tonnes of cereals and productive assets for almost 90,000 pastoral households.


50 COVID 19 Frontline Responders  ( 19 females, 31 males )  from Gaalkacyo were trained on the following topics: IASC Guide on Basic Psychosocial Skills and Psychological First Aid adapted for COVID 19 pandemic context ) .


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  10% of households reported having received aid in the 30 days prior to data collection.


A total of 57% of the respondent confirmed that they have met or heard of UASC children since the displacement begun. When asked what they think are the main causes of separations 29% of the respondents mentioned that disappearance of children/caregivers in the immediate aftermath of the displacement is the cause, while 18% of the respondents said it is through losing caregivers/children during relocation.


Main reason for displacement in Cabudwaaq District is Droughts


A task force has been established to further coordinate the development of the site  [ due to challenged linked to displacement the Government of Jubaland has decided to seek for a long term, large scale solution, ]  led by NRC Area manager in close coordination with IOM, IOM CCCM, UNHCR, UN Habitat, MoI and others


Public transport is based on private minibuses operators active, although not on regular routes. While this makes service difficult to assess in terms of condition and quality, it makes it also very responsive to the urban development of the city. For instance, the new IDPs settlement in Midnimo village were served by some minibus right after implementation.


By 2050 it is projected that precipitation will increase by about three per cent, especially during the rainy season, with increasing seasonal variability. This could benefit agriculture in some regions but lead to flooding and soil erosion in areas with minimal or degraded forests.


Preparations underway for December NID across the country  ( due to the recent increase in cases ) . PPEs distributed to all regions of Somalia.


Kismayo is an area where pastoral, agricultural, and coastal traditions meet depriving it of the relative clan and livelihood homogeneity of regions further north. While conflict among political and military groups is centring on political control and influence, in particular of Kismayo and its port, clan tensions result primarily from competition over resources such as land, grazing rights, water, farmlands, livestock, and access to humanitarian aid.


The charcoal industry is of main economic importance to Kismayo and the whole country at large and it represents the largest natural resource for export. Charcoal remains the most affordable and reliable source of fuel for most Somali households. It also serves as a main livelihood activity  ( cutting trees, charcoal burning, packaging and selling )  for the urban and rural poor. There is also a high interest of higher income groups, transporters, exporters and militia in the trade of charcoal.


Most of the 2.6 million IDPs in Somalia live in informal and unplanned settlements where living conditions are poor and forced eviction is a common threat. Safety and security concerns remain a high priority for all affected populations, with displacement contributing to immediate and heightened exposure to violence, exploitation and other forms of abuse.


A Swiss Development Cooperation funded resilience programme targeting nearly 22,000 people intended to enhance community's resistance to shocks was launched in Baidoa by South West State authorities and partners.


( According to the Humanitarian Response Plan )  Protection is the best covered cluster, with a quarter of its funding needs met. Food security and health clusters have received minimum or no funding.


Over 10,000 people have reportedly been affected by floods in Marka district, South West State, after two riverbanks broke on 1 August

Shock/event->Type and characteristics
Shock/event->Hazard & threats


The desert locust control operation is still on going by federal and state ministries of agriculture with financial and technical/ financial support of FAO in Puntland, Somaliland and Galmudug. About 21, 800 Hectares have been treated with bio pesticides on the ground and aerial control operation so far. FAO is procuring additional bio pesticide to further support control operation targeting 230,000 Ha. The survey and control operation is supported by 40 vehicles and two helicopters.


Seventy one percent of child protection partners reported that children are experiencing psychological distress. Child protection partners have witnessed increased fear and anxiety amongst children, due to disruption of their daily routines.


WASH: 41% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had sufficient access to water while 38% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had insufficient access to water in the month preceding data collection.


In Puntland, 50 per cent of the assessed communities reported outward displacement from their community in the last month, with 79 out of 84 communities  ( 95 per cent )  citing water shortages as the main driver of displacement.


The effects of the COVID 19 pandemic have led to a slowdown in economic activity marked by a decline in remittances as well as a short term spike in imported staple food prices and a sharp decline in livestock exports


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  16% households with a vulnerable primary income earner


[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  42% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main driver of protection LSGs was found to be*: • Households reporting having experienced movement restrictions in the 30 days prior to data collection  ( 17% ) .


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  95% of IDP settlement and 71% of non IDP settlement households found with a Shelter and non food items Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .


Ethiopia and Somalia had the highest proportion of PoEs  [ Points of Entry ]  completely closed for all movement  ( 92% and 85%, respectively )


Hygiene and sanitations materials were distributed to approximately 1,000 persons of concern in Galkayo, while approximately 500 PPEs were delivered to health facilities in Berbera and Hargeisa by UNHCR.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  71% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 25% found to be extreme severe, 46% severe, 24% stress, 5% no or minimal.


Exacerbating the limited access to healthcare, 3.4 million non IDPs face insufficient access to potable water and sanitation services. An estimated 17.5 per cent of non IDP households face critical or catastrophic gaps in accessing enough water to cover their basic needs for both drinking and domestic us.


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 49% for severe and lowest was 4% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 37% for severe and lowest was 12% for extreme+.


[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  88% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 70% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, 18% of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH. 12% of households were found to have no WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) in WASH.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  849% and 68% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no awareness of medical, legal, or psychological services to address incidents of GBV.


The worst affected regions include Lower Juba, Middle Juba, Gedo, Mudug, Nuugal, Bari, Toghdheer and Sool which are currently experiencing severe water shortage for domestic use, water for livestock as well as agricultural production.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  29% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 25% and 18% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. Only 2% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.


[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among households with multi sectoral needs, highest need was of WASH ( 97% ) , followed by education ( 96% ) , Shelter ( 91% ) , Nutrition ( 78% ) , Health ( 27% )  and Protection ( 17% )


Agropastoral and riverine livelihood zones: Driven by the availability of the below average deyr harvests and a seasonal increase in livestock holdings and milk availability, most agropastoral and riverine livelihood zones are currently Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) .


[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  96% of households were found to have at least one Food Security Living Standard Gap ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 54% of households were found to have a food security LSG but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 42% of households were found to have both a food security LSG and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 4% of households were found to have no food security LSG but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where boys or men do not feel safe were On the way to markets  ( 26% ) , At water points  ( 29% )  and When leaving settlement/town  ( 38% ) .


PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] 8% and 7% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported areas in their community where girls or women do not feel safe.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  3% and 4% of households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported their property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  17% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 3% found to be extreme+ severe, 6% extreme, 8% severe, 65 %stress, 18% no or minimal.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  15% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 37% and 18% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. Only 5% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 56% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 37% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 26% )


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with children were: Unaware that supplements are available  ( 52% ) , Unaware that services are available  ( 34% ) , Facilities too far to travel to ( 35% ) .


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  21% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 35%, 33% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively.


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 1% )


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  12% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 42%, 35%of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. Only 1% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .


[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  14% of households were found to have at least one Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 13% of households were found to have a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 1% of households were found to have both a LSG in protection and a CG in Protection and 86% of households were found to have no protection Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection.


[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  95% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 94% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 1% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 5% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  36% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 28% and 24% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively, 12% reported that it takes 1 3hours and 0% reported it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 9% ) , Diarrhoea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 0% ) , skin infections  ( 0% ) , eye infections  ( 0% ) .


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 63% for stress and lowest was 4% for extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 66% for stress and lowest was 2% for extreme+.


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 60% for no or minimal and lowest was 4% for extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 65% for no or minimal and lowest was 5% for extreme.


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 42% for extreme and lowest was 0% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 45% for extreme and lowest was 1% for no or minimal.


Nearly 80 percent of households were already using stressed livelihoods coping strategies in December, driven primarily by borrowing cash or credit to purchase food.


Income from fishing activities is expected to remain below normal throughout the scenario period due to the destruction of fishing vessels during the cyclone and low demand during the pandemic. Further, fish availability is seasonally low during the June to September monsoon season.


[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  12% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection


[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  1% and 4% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in their community in the 30 days prior to data collection.


In Somaliland, 50 per cent of assessed communities reported movement of populations related to water shortage since October 2020. Of the 40 communities assessed, there were 118 shallow wells, of which only 29 had some water  ( 25 per cent ) . Besides, 27 per cent of assessed berkeds were already depleted and 25 per cent had less than half of their water content. An increase in the price of water was also reported. Most assessed communities raised concerns over the lack of water for livestock and a lack of pasture


[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 35% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 15% ) .


[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 61% for Extreme and lowest was 2% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per Nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 55% for severe and lowest was 4% for no or minimal.


Despite operational and access challenges, humanitarian partners reached 2.3 million people out of 3 million targeted in 2020, with an average of around 1.5 million people were reached per month.


[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported preferred types of remote learning modalities were: Basic writing materials ( pen, paper )   ( 49% ) , school textbooks  ( 52% )  and radio classes  ( 28% ) .


[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment: Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 54% ) , Have not tried to access medical services  ( 16% ) , did not get qualified health staff at the health facility ( 24% ) .


[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 80% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 50% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and extreme+.


More than half a million people – 546,103 – have been affected by flooding in Somalia following a sharp rise in the level of the Shabelle River due to heavy rains in the country and in the Ethiopian highlands.