So far, in 2021, 91,305 migrating people have crossed the border between Colombia and Panama, a figure equivalent to that of all arrivals registered in the past four years. Driven by socioeconomic and political turmoil, natural disasters and the effects of the global COVID 19 pandemic, migrants travel through the Darién Gap, a 266 kilometer jungle area. Their objective: cross South America and the northern triangle of Central America, reach Mexico, and finally make their way to the United States. The majority are Haitians, many of whom had first relocated to Chile and Brazil after the devastating 2010 earthquake.

brazil
chile
colombia
united states
colombia
chile


La ERM de Bajo Chiquito es la primera estación migratoria que recibe a las personas migrantes una vez que terminan su ruta por la selva del Darién. Es un sitio que carece de instalaciones físicas y se clasifica como una comunidad de acogida, las tierras son propiedad del Gobierno de Panamá y se encuentra en territorio indígena de la comunidad Emberá. Actualmente es gestionada por el Gobierno de Panamá, específicamente por el Servicio Nacional de Fronteras  ( SENAFRONT )  y no cuenta con un Comité de Gestión de Albergue  ( CGA )

Impact->Impact on systems, services and networks


Agua no potable: La fuente principal es una bomba manual.

Agua potable: La fuente principal es el sistema de acueducto local.

8 tomas de agua se encuentran en funcionamiento.


90% 337 Haití
3% 13 Otras
4% 15 Cuba
2% 9 Bangladesh
El 3 por ciento corresponde a otras nacionalidades de diversos países como Angola, Brasil, Burkina Faso, Camerún, Chile, Colombia, Côte d'Ivore, Ecuador, Ghana, Guinea, India, Nepal, Pakistán, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, República Democrática del Congo, República Dominicana, Senegal, Siria, Sri Lanka, y Yemen.

boliv bolivari bangladesh congo ecuador chile colombia colombia chile guinea


La fuente principal de agua se encuentra en el sitio, a < 150 metros caminando de ida, y cuenta con un sistema mejorado de cañerías y tanques.


Las personas migrantes en la ERM solicitan información sobre acceso a los servicios, protección internacional, contexto migratorio regional, condiciones en el albergue, seguridad, distribuciones de ropa, acceso a servicios de salud, prevención de la COVID 19 y regularización migratoria.

Information and communication->Knowledge and info gaps (pop)


< 25 por ciento de las familias o grupos de personas migrantes tienen acceso a electricidad.
Ninguna de las familias o grupos de personas migrantes tienen acceso a áreas privadas de vivienda.
Ninguna de las familias o grupos de personas migrantes tiene acceso a instalaciones seguras para cocinar.
< 25 por ciento de las familias o grupos de personas migrantes tiene acceso a mosquiteros.


Al momento, contamos con 2,536 migrantes varados en el territorio nacional, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: en las estaciones de la provincia de Darién hay 1,663 migrantes en ERM La Peñita, 118 en Bajo Chiquito y 211 en ERM de Lajas Blancas. En la ERM Ponuloso se encuentran 3 personas migrantes, sin embargo esta estación no se contempla en este informe de situación. En la provincia de Chiriquí, en el ERM de Los Planes, actualmente hay 541 migrantes.


En la ERM se ha identificado una necesidad en el fortalecimiento de capacidades para el control y registro sistemático en la entrega de alimentos, así como la provisión de alimentos suplementarios para niños y niñas y mujeres embarazadas y lactantes.

Priority needs->Expressed by humanitarian staff


En promedio, se contabilizaron 317 personas albergadas durante el periodo de estudio. En la primera semana del mes de abril se registró a 310 personas migrantes albergadas, mientras que, para la última semana se registró a 263 personas migrantes en el sitio de alojamiento. Esta tendencia demuestra un comportamiento al descenso en la cantidad de personas que se alojan en el albergue.


< 33 por ciento de las familias o grupos de personas migrantes tiene acceso a mosquiteros.


Para febrero de 2021, aumentó en un 354 por ciento la cantidad de personas registradas en la ERM con respecto a las registradas en el mes de enero, alcanzando un pico máximo durante la mitad del mes de febrero con 799 personas registradas. Esta tendencia se relaciona con la temporada de verano, en la cual disminuye el cauce de los ríos y se posibilita el paso por la selva.


La mayoría de las personas migrantes albergadas cuentan con documentos de identidad


Desde el pasado 01 de mayo, el país se ha mantenido estable y sin cambios significativos en temas de gobernanza migratoria. En la ultima semana se han dado pasos hacia la reapertura paulatina de ciertos sectores de la economía. El día 05 de mayo, el Ministerio de Salud  ( MINSA ) , mediante la resolución No. 399 permitió la reapertura de ferreterías, talleres mecánicos, industrias de servicios pequeñas de venta al por menor, entre otras.


Al día 07 de mayo, Panamá cuenta con 7,868 casos confirmados y un total de 225 defunciones por COVID 19. En términos de provincias fronterizas, Darién reporta un total de 183 casos, y Chiriquí un total de 112 casos al 30 de abril de 2020. Al momento de la redacción de este informe, continúan sumándose casos por transmisión comunitaria de COVID 19 en la ERM La Peñita en Darién. Se han confirmado en este periodo de reporte 17 casos nuevos, que hacen un total de 39 casos positivos, y hay alrededor de 100 migrantes segregados por posible contacto de COVID 19. Los hisopados se continúan haciendo en la ERM La Peñita a posibles COVID 19 positivos, y la ERM de Lajas Blancas sigue siendo el centro establecido para el cuidado y aislamiento de los casos de COVID 19 positivos y sus posibles contactos. Esta semana, gracias a la coordinación de la cooperación internacional, ha llegado ayuda para los migrantes en comida, kits de aseo, ropa, sábanas y demás. En el ERM de Los Planes en Chiriquí, al día de cierre del informe se reportan cero casos positivos de COVID 19. Además de la realidad sanitaria actual producto de la pandemia de COVID 19, la temporada de lluvia anual ha iniciado en el bosque tropical del tapón del Darién, lo que produce la subida de los ríos y la aparición de otras enfermedades tropicales endémicas en la zona. Al momento, se reportan 2 casos de Malaria en la ERM de Bajo Chiquito.

Humanitarian conditions
Capacities & response

Humanitarian conditions->Physical and mental well being


Al día 30 de abril, Panamá cuenta con 6,532 casos confirmados y un total de 188 defunciones por COVID 19. En términos de provincias fronterizas, Darién reporta un total de 147 casos y Chiriquí un total de 103 casos a la misma fecha. Al momento de la redacción de este informe, se confirmó el contagio por transmisión comunitaria de COVID 19 en la ERM La Peñita en Darién. Se han confirmado 31 casos positivos y 95 segregados por casos sospechosos. En la gestión de las migraciones en frontera, el gobierno de Panamá ha decidido dar un giro en su enfoque y ha decidido cerrar la ERM La Peñita paulatinamente y habilitar el área de Nicanor, con un albergue modular con capacidad para unos 500 migrantes aproximadamente, bajo responsabilidad del Servicio Nacional de Migración  ( SNM ) . Se espera que en los próximos días inicie la construcción de los modulares. Por otra parte, el MINSA ha decidido establecer en la ERM de Lajas Blancas el área de aislamiento para migrantes COVID 19 positivos y sus contactos en Darién. Los hisopados y pruebas de casos sospechosos se realizan en el ERM La Peñita, una vez identificados los positivos y posibles contactos, se trasladan al ERM de Lajas Blancas, donde se han establecido tres zonas para casos positivos, casos sospechosos por posible contacto y casos negativos. En el ERM de Los Planes en Chiriquí, al día de cierre del informe se reportan cero casos positivos de COVID 19.El viernes 24 de abril, la Dirección del Servicio Nacional de Migración hizo entrega de insumos necesarios para la Estación en la cual, entre otras instituciones estuvo presente la OIM haciendo un acompañamiento a la visita.

Capacities & response->International response


La mañana de este jueves y como parte del apoyo humanitario, a más de 1,000 extranjeros nicaragüenses que se encuentran varados en Panamá por el COVID 19, el Ministerio de Salud  ( MINSA )  con funcionarios de Promoción de la Salud de la región Metropolitana, realizaron entrega de mascarillas reutilizables, gel alcoholado y folletos con información sobre la normativa para evitar contagios.


Al día 28 de mayo, Panamá cuenta con 12,131 casos confirmados y un total de 320 defunciones. En términos de provincias fronterizas, Darién reporta un total de 203 casos y Chiriquí un total de 321 positivos.


Manejo de casos

• Analizó las capacidades del sistema de salud, compartió directrices para ayudar a Panamá a reorganizar y ampliar sus servicios de salud, y creó un tablero de información para hacer seguimiento de los indicadores y las camas de UCI del sistema de salud.

• Capacitó a 17 participantes del Ministerio de Salud en el uso

de la herramienta de la OPS para planificar la ampliación progresiva de la capacidad hospitalaria.

Vigilancia, equipos de respuesta rápida e investigación de casos


Aunque el flujo de población venezolana en Panamá ha disminuido desde la introducción del requisito de visa estampada en 2017, se observa en 2019 un saldo migratorio de más de 14,000 personas. Según el SNM, las solicitudes de visas viene aumentando, las cuales en su mayoría están siendo otorgadas


INTENCIONES DE RESIDENCIA Según la encuesta, tan sólo un 4% de las personas encuestadas piensan quedarse en Panamá por menos de un año, mientras que un 44% expresa desear quedarse en Panamá entre un año o indefinidamente, y un 52% expresa no haberlo decidido aún.


En los grupos focales se detectó que las personas venezolanas desconocen la diferencia entre las entidades de salud del Ministerio de Salud  ( MINSA )  y de la Caja de Seguro Social  ( CSS ) , y sobre los procesos de referencia entre los centros de salud y los hospitales. También hay un amplio desconocimiento acerca de la gratuidad de ciertos servicios. En este sentido, un 47% de las personas encuestadas desconocían que la vacunación es gratuita en Panamá.


NIVEL DE EDUCACIÓN En general el nivel educativo de la población es alto, 39% de las personas entrevistas tienen un nivel de educación de secundaria culminada, 27% de universidad, 15% cuenta con estudios técnicos y un 15% sólo con educación primaria. Es importante señalar que varios entrevistados con formación secundaria culminada, de nacionalidad nicaragüense, mencionaron que se encontraban estudiando la universidad en su país de origen, lo que ratifica la información cualitativa sobre los perfiles de personas con necesidades de protección que siguen saliendo de Nicaragua.


Los asistentes afirmaron recibir información de su comunidad a través de la red social Facebook, principalmente por medio del canal de “venezolanos en Panamá'.


Las principales fuentes de información que más utilizan son: los grupos de Facebook  ( Chamos en Panamá y Venezolanos en Panamá )  y páginas oficiales de internet de la ONPAR, MITRADEL, Servicio Nacional de Migración y la Embajada de Venezuela en Panamá. Todas las adolescentes pertenecen al grupo de Enlaces y participan activamente también en las actividades que RET organiza.


De entre los temas abordados, los asistentes nombraron como más prioritaria sobre documentación, acceso a oportunidades laborales y de emprendimiento y empleo, y referente a vivienda como acceder a mecanismos de resolución de conflicto con los arrendadores en la comunidad.

Humanitarian conditions->Number of people in need


PRINCIPALES PROBLEMAS DE SALUD EN LA POBLACIÓN MIGRANTE
Diarrea
Enfermedades dérmicas
Malnutrición
COVID 19


En la ERM se requiere del apoyo para la asistencia permanente en servicios de salud y la dotación de medicamentos.


< 12 por ciento de las familias o grupos de personas migrantes viven a la intemperie  ( sin refugio ) .


En el sitio, las personas migrantes tienen acceso a alimentos preparados, diariamente, en horarios de comida establecidos. La principal fuente para la obtención de comida es por medio de la asistencia gubernamental.


Water and electricity shortages: Hospitals have been impacted for years by shortages in basic services. In 2019, 78% of hospitals assessed in the National Hospital Survey reported water shortages, while 63% reported electricity cuts  ( ENH 2020 ) . These shortages significantly impact hospitals' ability to provide medical services, including for cases of COVID 19.


Since July 2016, a diphtheria outbreak has been ongoing, with over 1,700 confirmed cases  ( PAHO 03/03/2020 ) .


Due to a low rate of testing with PCR tests and government control over the release of case figures, a major outbreak of COVID 19 would likely not be reflected in official information.


● Asegúrese de que existan evaluaciones de factibilidad y riesgos de PTM y monitoreo de los mercados. ● Comuníquese con el grupo de trabajo de transferencias monetarias  ( GTM )  en el país para ver si ya están reuniendo información sobre el tema. ● Comuníquese con los clústeres/sectores  ( o asegúrese de que GTM lo haga ) , ya que esta crisis tiene una importante dimensión multisectorial.

Humanitarian access->Relief to population

Capacities & response->Red cross/red crescent

Capacities & response->People reached/response gaps


UNHCR delivered non food items  ( NFIs ) , including hygiene items to Táchira and Zulia states  ( OCHA 23/04/2020; OCHA 22/05/2020 ) .


This leads to humanitarian needs of returnees and an increased risk of transmission. Since 20 May 2020, returnees have to comply with a two week quarantine in the border states  ( Europa Press 20/05/2020 ) .


Urban   Possible damaging coping strategy: Take children out of schools, with higher risk of girls Increase child labour and use of children for begging Migration of some of the household members, including minors alone Involvement on illegal activities Selling household items and items essential for livelihoods Not investing in health care and education to ensure food


Lootings and violent protests are likely to increase due to increasing food insecurity and sustained disruption of livelihood opportunities.


Women are likely to be particularly exposed to COVID 19 in the case of an outbreak due to being overrepresented among healthcare staff and their traditional role as primary caregiver in their household  ( OCHA 10/04/2020 ) .


 Macro economic impacts on low and middle income countries include not only the obvious domestic impacts, but also indirect international impacts from the global economic slowdown, such as:2 o Loss of remittances from migrants working abroad, especially for countries for whom they form a major source of national income. o Food supply issues and food price inflation for countries who rely on food imports. o Loss of export income for countries who depend on primary commodity exports e.g. mining, energy. o Collapse of tourism, especially for countries for whom tourism forms a major source of national income.


En el marco de trabajo de esta hoja de ruta en mayo de 2019 se llevó a cabo en la Oficina Regional de América de IFRC en Panamá una reunión con puntos focales técnicos de gestión de riesgos, medios de vida y transferencia de efectivo de diez Sociedades Nacionales del continente. Prioridad 1. Incidencia para la institucionalización de la asistencia basada en efectivo en su programación estratégica y operacional Prioridad 2. Preparación institucional de las Sociedades Nacionales para incrementar sus capacidades en asistencia basada en efectivo y cupones en emergencia y programas Prioridad 3. Coordinación, alianzas y redes para garantizar complementariedad, intercambio de información, un mayor impacto y mejorar la respuesta humanitaria. Prioridad 4. Visibilidad y Reportes, sistematización de resultados y medición del impacto como herramienta de mejora y evidencia de Sociedades Nacionales implementando asistencia en efectivo y en cupones de manera eficiente y transparente.


Cabe destacar, a modo de ejemplo, los desafíos de los pueblos indígenas en la cuenca amazónica que comprende un total de 2.467 territorios con 826 comunidades, de las cuales unas 200 viven en aislamiento voluntario. En estas poblacionales se han documentados desafíos en cuanto a la salud como la tuberculosis, la malaria, algunas enfermedades inmunoprevenibles como el sarampión, y la fiebre amarilla. Se le suman la falta de agua y saneamiento, y la inseguridad alimentaria que afecta a un 85% de la población. Si a estos aspectos les agregamos otros factores determinantes intermediarios como la falta de acceso a los servicios de salud, las comunicaciones y el transporte, la vulnerabilidad al SARS CoV 2 aumentan aún más.


There are further concerns related to the return of Venezuelan migrants and refugees to Venezuela. There is a high risk that the country's health system will be overwhelmed by even a moderate increase in COVID 19 patients requiring specialist medical services: • The health system has severely limited capacity. Medical facilities are debilitated by shortages of medical supplies, water, and electricity, and thousands of health professionals have left the country.


Demographics: Much of the data suggests that older people are more vulnerable to COVID 19 – leading to speculation that the impact of the epidemic in developing countries may be less severe because many of them have younger populations. It is however unclear whether the oldest age groups in developing countries will be similarly affected, even where the overall life expectancy is lower. It is not clear how factors that influence the overall life expectancy, including poverty rates, the prevalence of other diseases, and high rates of malnutrition, interact with individual vulnerability to COVID 19  ( New York Times, 03/05/2020; USA Today, 07/05/2020 ) .


The way in which countries are counting the death rate varies. Some countries are counting people who have died with COVID 19 in their system, even though the eventual cause of death may have been another affliction. Other countries are only counting when it is known that COVID 19 was the final cause of death.


Hospital capacities: The government stated in March 2020 that Venezuela had 23,700 hospital beds, including 1,200 ICU beds, available, though this includes beds in hotels for cases with mild symptoms  ( CNN 23/03/2020 ) . However, non governmental figures indicate much lower hospital capacities, with only 84 ICU beds with ventilators available in public hospitals in March  ( El Nacional 15/03/2020 ) . The government called for all positive cases to be hospitalised, including those with mild or no symptoms, which would create additional pressure on hospitals if case figures increase  ( El País 24/04/2020 ) . There is no information available on how many hospital beds are currently occupied.


To mitigate the impact of the containment measures on economically vulnerable households, the government has set out guidelines, such as suspension of evictions, and rolled out some limited social assistance, including a voucher programme  ( OCHA 23/04/2020; Government of Venezuela 23/03/2020 ) .


Additionally, President Maduro called for the hospitalisation of all confirmed cases of COVID 19, which may act as a deterrent for people to approach health services, and thus lead to cases not being registered  ( El País 24/04/2020; Infobae 08/04/2020 ) .


El contexto de emergencia y aislamiento aumenta el riesgo y el peligro de violencia de género contra las mujeres y las niñas: Aumento del riesgo de violencia intrafamiliar y violencia sexual • Mujeres aisladas junto con sus abusadores. • Riesgos de violencia sexual contra mujeres, niñas y niños. • Aumentan tensiones por diﬁcultades económicas por la crisis: y mayor diﬁcultad para dejar a sus parejas violentas y acceder a los servicios.


The region faces the pandemic with several deficiencies, however, particularly shortcomings in health infrastructure and financing capacities.


Public mental health practice, including during COVID 19, is a key mechanism to reduce the imple  mentation gap and address this challenge in both the short term and longer term.1,3 The first step involves assessing the size, impact, and cost of current and anticipated unmet need for public mental health interventions, into account the effects of COVID 19.


This challenge is compounded by the inadequate population coverage of evidence based public mental health interventions before COVID 19, even in high  income countries.3,4 Since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic, the provision of some of these mental health interventions has become more limited by quarantine and lockdown measures.


Considering that migrants tend to be concen  trated in urban economic centers  ( cities ) , and are vulnerable to infection by the coronavirus, there is a need to include migrants in efforts to fight the coronavirus. Migrant remittances pro  vide an economic lifeline to poor households in many countries; a reduction in remittance flows could increase poverty and reduce households' access to much needed health services. The crisis could exacerbate xenophobic, discrimi  natory treatment of migrants, which calls for greater vigilance against such practices.


The crisis has presented a challenge for the cross sectoral mobility of workers, which could be particularly hard for lower skilled migrant workers, especially informal and undocument  ed workers. During the global financial crisis in 2009, many migrant workers moved from construction to agriculture and retail. Such intersectoral movement may be difficult at this time because the sectors that need more work  ers such as health and information technolo  gy require specific skills and prior training.


In 2019, remittance flows to LMICs became larger than foreign direct investment  ( FDI ) , an important milestone for monitoring re  source flows to these countries. Recent data reveal that in 2019, remittance flows to LMICs reached $554 billion, slightly higher than our earlier projection  ( $551 billion )  published in October 2019.4 Remittance flows to LAC and South Asia turned out to be larger than expect  ed in the second half of 2019.


Mientras la economía esté paralizada, las autoridades tendrán que garantizar que la gente pueda cubrir sus necesidades y que las empresas puedan reactivarse una vez que hayan pasado las fases agudas de la pandemia.


la incertidumbre en cuanto a lo que vendrá después es enorme. En consonancia con la escala y la velocidad de la crisis, las respuestas de políticas a escala nacional e internacional tienen que ser contundentes, desplegadas con rapidez y recalibradas sin demora según se disponga de nuevos datos.


It would be important for RSPs and authorities to work together to mitigate the effects of the crisis and encourage the adoption of digital payments, greater use of regulated channels, and wider availability of cost efficient services. In the meantime, the World Bank will continue to monitor and report on the availability of remittance services worldwide, and work with stakeholders to improve the transparency and efficiency of the remittances market toward a reduction of the still high cost of remitting money internationally, guided by the CPSS  World Bank General Principles for Internation  al Remittances  ( CPSS WB 2007 ) . The World Bank has issued a call to action to support the remittances sector

Humanitarian access
Displacement
Shock/event
Context


LONG TERM • Set up twinning arrangements to train more doctors and nurses in low  and middle income countries in collaboration with medical schools in high income countries. • Support efforts to reduce recruitment costs. • Establish universal health programs that include migrants irrespective of their legal status. Supporting remittance infrastructure • Support efforts to reduce remittance costs.

Humanitarian access
Displacement
Context

Capacities & response->National response


Costa Rica:Para que llegue a los hogares, se creó una plataforma nacional de emergencia con recursos educativos denominada“aprendo en casa'.


Costa Rica también está muy expuesta a las condiciones económicas de los Estados Unidos, ya que alrededor del 10% de su PIB depende de la oferta y la demanda de ese país.


RIESGO ALTO O VULNERABLE  Sin antecedentes de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles  Sin problemas en el sistema inmunológico  Personas menores de 60 años  Quienes viven con enfermedades crónicas: cardiacas, pulmonares, renales, hepáticas, sanguíneas, metabólicas o inmunosupresoras  Quienes viven con obesidad y sobrepeso  Personas adultas mayores de 60 años cumplidos Personas embarazadas   Niñas y niños menores de cinco años


The document also explains that the coronavirus crisis has been transmitted to Latin America and the Caribbean through five channels: a reduction in international trade, a fall in commodities prices, the intensification of risk aversion and worsening of global financial conditions, lower demand for tourism services, and a reduction in remittances.


4. AUTHORITIES MUST TAKE ALL POSSIBLE MEASURES TO PREVENT AND/OR END VIOLENCE AGAINST INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE IN RELATION TO THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC. As part of their responsibility to protect internally displaced people under their jurisdiction, States need to, inter alia, enhance efforts to monitor and counter negative perceptions and narratives stig  matizing internally displaced people as carriers of the virus, and to ensure that official government information on the pandemic is free of bias and does not promote such narratives.

Context
Displacement
Shock/event
Humanitarian access


Although with little impact, the information does not allow for further regional comparison to determine whether this trend is repeated in other countries. However, the consequences of COVID 19 are expected to manifest themselves signiﬁcantly in the second quarter of 2020. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor these variables in order to take appropriate mitigation measures, especially as the season of higher labour demand approaches for some countries  ( see Figure 3 ) . For example, we can see that in 2020 the number of people employed in the agricultural sector has decreased in Chile and Brazil, compared to the same period last year.


Taking into account the unparalleled introduction of travel restrictions across the world, the UN World Tourism Organization, expects that international tourist arrivals will be down by 20% to 30% in 2020 when compared with 2019 figures1. This translate into a decline in international tourism receipts  ( exports )  of between US$300 billion to $450 billion This is likely going to be revised as the situation evolves. Tourism employs a lot of people, especially on small islands  [ more than 20% in Seychelles, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Mauritius ]  and accounts for significant part of the economy and hard currency income  [ over 25% of exports in 2017 in Ethiopia, Nepal, Rwanda and Tanzania ] .


The effects on people and the formal and informal economy are devastating COVID 19 is hitting hard an already weak and fragile world economy. Global growth in 2019 was already the slowest since the global financial crisis of 2008/2009. COVID 19 has plunged the world economy into a recession with the potential of deep consequences and historical levels of unemployment and deprivation. Necessary measures to contain the spread of the disease through quarantines, restrictions and lockdown of cities have resulted in a significant reduction in demand and supply. Economic activities in transportation, retail trade, leisure, hospitality and recreation have been battered. And we have seen from plunging stock markets that public trust in the health response has direct and immediate economic effects.


Informal Response measures should encourage the extension of social protection coverage to informal workers in agriculture and rural sectors, including through timely cash transfers, and cash or in kind food distribution. Special care should be taken with groups that abound in informal work, such as women, youth, indigenous groups and migrants. The most common measures taken so far include the introduction of cash grants and food distribution to vulnerable groups, as well as temporary employment schemes for informal workers  ( FAO, 2020a ) . Most countries in the region have adopted mitigation measures targeting informal workers, and a few have formulated speciﬁc measures for them, such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador. To identify and reach target audiences, countries use existing platforms that already have information on informal workers or introduce new registration mechanisms such as speciﬁc websites. In Costa Rica, according to information gathered by FAO, support relies on a national plan designed to address food security in indigenous territories in the context of emergency and post crisis productive recovery. In addition to social protection, some countries have implemented measures to maintain the agricultural supply chain, which is also expected to indirectly beneﬁt informal workers. Short marketing chains have also been encouraged, especially for rural family farming. Recommendations should take into account existing employment and social protection policies, as well as gender and age disparities in the rural informal workforce. Therefore, different interventions can be carried out in a synergistic manner  ( FAO, 2020a ) : • Implement or use existing systems or databases that have information to identify and monitor informal workers, since information on this group is generally not available. • Provide temporary compensation, in the form of vouchers or in kind food or speciﬁc cash transfers, to informal workers who are unable to work, or one time, universal cash payments. • Support with sustainable ﬁnancial measures  ( microloans, microinsurance, group loans, etc. )  to contribute to the ﬁnancial recovery of informal workers. • Promote economic stimulus packages aimed at maintaining jobs and the economy, in particular for

argentina brazil ecuador colombia us colombia


Antes de la pandemia, la CEPAL preveía que la región crecería un máximo del 1,3% en 2020. Sin embargo, los efectos de la crisis han llevado a cambiar esa previsión y pronosticar una caída del PIB de al menos un 1,8%. Sin embargo, no es de descartar que el desarrollo que la pandemia lleve a previsiones de contracciones de entre un 3% y un 4%, o incluso más. La CEPAL estima las tasas actuales de pobreza extrema  ( 11,0% )  y pobreza  ( 30,3% )  en ALC y prevé si los efectos del COVID 19 llevan a la pérdida de ingresos del 5% de la población económicamente activa, la pobreza podría aumentar 3,5 puntos porcentuales, mientras que se prevé que la pobreza extrema aumente 2,3 puntos porcentuales lo que significaría que de un total de 620 millones de habitantes, el número de pobres en la región suba de 185 a 220 millones de personas; en tanto que las personas en pobreza extrema podrían aumentar de 67,4 a 90 millones.


Migrants The effects of the crisis can have an impact on migrants according to their migration or employment status. Refugees, internally displaced persons, migrant workers, internal or international migrants, permanent, temporary or seasonal migrants, documented or undocumented migrants have different access to work permits, social protection programmes, recovery measures, and health systems. To date, most of the measures in the destination areas have been aimed at extending work visas for temporary and seasonal migrants. In general, those who have implemented these measures are the countries that need migrant labour, mainly European and Oceanic countries. Other measures that have been taken include: • ensuring the continuity of contracts for migrant workers in the event of illness or as a result of containment measures; • relaxing entry restrictions for seasonal farmworkers; and • granting temporarily full citizenship rights to migrants and asylum seekers, allowing them access to the national health system. To date, however, the regularization of migrants and the extension of temporary work permits have been limited  ( FAO, 2020b ) . Bulletin 5 / 9 A few countries have adopted response measures, such as social protection measures, that explicitly include migrant workers. Countries that have announced basic income protection measures could include migrant workers  ( FAO, 2020b ) . The private sector has also reacted  ( FAO and ECLAC, 2020b ) . Producers, workers and employers organizations have issued guidance on personal protective measures to be taken in agricultural workplaces. Notwithstanding the above, which is very valuable, there is no speciﬁc advice for vulnerable workers categories, or speciﬁc contexts, such as remote rural areas. Moreover, there is little or no reference to speciﬁc agricultural sub sectors, such as ﬁshing boats, food markets or processing facilities. In this context, policy recommendations are mainly aimed at minimizing labour shortages or the likelihood of contagion among migrant workers. It is also recommended to take measures to mitigate the economic impact on individuals, as mentioned by FAO  ( 2020b ) : • Adjust the demand for labour force in the agricultural sector with the supply of migrant labour through direct communication with agricultural companies, and coordination with the migration ofﬁces. • Ensure the implementation of occupational safety and health measures and guarantee that all migrants have access to them. • Extend the expiry of work visas for migrant workers employed in all agricultural sub sectors. • Ensure the safe movement of agricultural workers within and between countries, including during containment, and allow exceptions to the granting of work visas to seasonal agricultural workers. • Regularize migrants present in the territory and grant temporary work permits to all of them. • Ensure the inclusion of all migrants in the response to the pandemic, and in the measures being implemented to mitigate the economic downturn caused by COVID 19, regardless of migration or employment status.


Livelihoods are a vital means of making a living. It encompasses people's capabilities, assets and activities required to secure the necessities of life. The shocks and stresses of the COVID 2019 crisis worldwide, although primarily considered a public health crisis, will have a much broader impact on the global economy predictably for a long term, leading to worldwide socio  economic disruptions and will not only diminished the well being and livelihoods of people, but also undermined the social nets, markets and food security on which life depends. Both lives and livelihoods are at risk from this pandemic. We have seen immediate impacts that current measures are already having in the most economically and food insecure people; past experience of crisis such as Ebola, Cholera, Zika, and analysis from different agencies draw a picture on medium and long term impacts. This document pretends to list an indicative summary of key interventions and most urgent actions to be taken. Please consider that this is not an exhaustive list, as the situation evolves rapidly and is context determent. ACRONYMS CALP CVA FSL IASC NGOS RCRC


Timely indicators signal a marked decline in global trade UNCTAD trade nowcasts and free market commodity price index indicate that global trade values and prices have been negatively impacted since the first quarter of 2020 by the COVID 19 outbreak. The downturn is expected to accelerate during the second quarter of the year.


IFRC's sustainable livelihoods approach is also embedded in its Framework for Community Resilience, as households with sustainable livelihoods share the six characteristics of a resilient community identified in said Framework4. IFRC's Road to Increased and Improved Cash Transfer Programming also includes livelihoods protection and recovery through cash based assistance5. More recently, the Buenos Aires Commitment  ( 2019 )    signed by the leaders of Red Cross National Societies in the Americas region within the framework of the 21st Inter American Conference and which will guide the Red Cross Inter American Framework for Action for 2021 2024   includes emerging trends


JUNTOS provides primarily rural coverage, while cash transfers due to this emergency have been targeted, in the first stage, at urban households. In these areas, a family grant of PEN 380  ( approx. $110 )  has been provided. This amounts to just over 80 percent of the minimum living wage  ( Remuneración Minima Vital – RMV ) . As a reference, 50 percent of workers with informal jobs have monthly incomes below the monthly grant amount  ( PEN 760 ) ; this is the case with only seven percent of formal workers. In addition to a cut off point depending on urban status, a cut off is also made according to household income. Households whose head is employed in the public sector  ( where there will be no labour cuts )  are not eligible for the grant. This prioritizes 2.7 million households. Within these 2.7 million lower income households there are 1.5 million self employed workers, 1 million wage earners  ( 60 percent of them in informal jobs ) , 270,000 unpaid family workers and 100,000 domestic workers.


CR Guatemalteca: Programa de PTM multipropósito de 1.000 quetzales para cubrir multi necesidad, siguiendo lineamento del gobierno. En la actualidad, seleccionando los grupos meta. Participando en el cluster de seguridad alimentaria, para coordinar selección grupos meta para evitar duplicidades con programa de entrega de alimentos y cupones del gobierno. El Plan Nacional de Respuesta de la CRD al COVID 19 incluye los MdV, específicamente ayuda humanitaria, distribución de alimentos y PTM. Diseñando propuesta de MdV con CR Española. Un grupo meta serán los voluntarios de CR Guatemalteca afectados por COVID 19.


Argentina was already in a vulnerable economic and social situation at the start of the COVID 19 outbreak. In 2018 2019 real GDP accumulated a decrease of 4.6%. Some private estimates show that the economic downturn continued in the first quarter of 2020  ( despite the economic package announced in December 2019 that sought to fuel the consumption of the poorest households ) , while year on year inflation remained around 50%. In the fourth quarter of 2019 unemployment was 8.9%, and underemployment was 13.1%. The poverty headcount was 35.5% in the second half of 2019, while in 2019 wages rose by 40.9%, well below inflation. The economic outlook was already dim and depended to a great extent on the results of sovereign debt renegotiation.


In December 2019, there were 12.1 m registered workers, of which 8.5 m were private workers. 6.0 m were private sector employees, while the others were independent workers, of which 1.6m were “monotributistas'  ( self em  ployees, of which a great part are professionals ) , 871,000 were “monotributistas sociales' and domestic workers  ( self employees with the lowest incomes ) , and 398,000 were independent workers with the highest incomes. Hence at least there are nearly 2.5 m independent workers  ( including monotributistas and domestic workers )  for whom it will be difficult to go through the shutdown without earnings. Informal workers are the most vulnerable to a severe economic downturn. Women, young people and the elderly are particularly affected by informality. Their incomes are low, so there is a strong link between informality and poverty. According to the 2018 National Workers' Survey on Employment, Labour, Health and Security Conditions pre  pared by the Ministry of Production and Labour⁶, informality affected 42.8% of total workers. Informality affected 28.5% of those private sector employees who worked in production units, while 76.8% of domestic workers were informal. Among independent workers, informality affected 68.3% of “cuenta propistas'  ( mostly non professional workers, such as street vendors, craft vendors, or repair workers ) , and 23% of those who were employers.


In the United States, steps have been taken to increase access to both diagnostic testing and treatment by the federal government, state governments, and private insurers. Legislation passed into law on 18March2020 requires private health plans to provide coverage for COVID 19diagnostic testing with no out of pocket costs. This legislation also provides COVID 19testing with no cost sharing under Medicare and Medicaid. Laboratory costs for COVID 19testing for uninsured individuals will be funded by the National Disaster Medical System.


La gran mayoría de los consumidores entrevistados  ( 95% )  informó de que sus niveles de ingresos habían disminuido desde la aplicación de las medidas ofi  ciales de COVID 19, lo que destacaba un mayor nivel de vulnerabilidad económica en la población evaluada.


Además, las adaptaciones culturales que promueva el personal de salud deben expandirse a todo lo concerniente a la toma de pruebas diagnósticas y al tratamiento, así como a las medidas de aislamiento y cuarenta, tomando en cuenta los modos de vida. Es importante contar con un directorio  ( telefónico u otro medio )  que contenga información de contacto sobre los jefes y líderes de las comunidades indígenas y afrodescendientes, para que pueda establecerse una relación fluida durante la pandemia. De esta manera, los servicios de salud responsables de la cobertura en estas comunidades tendrán un panorama claro sobre su situación y necesidades.


Underlying and compounding factors Political conflict Venezuela is dominated by a highly polarized political environment. The political conflict over national power between the government of Nicolás Maduro and the opposition, led by the administration of Juan Guaidó, president of the National Assembly, poses an obstacle to concerted, joint action by political actors during the epidemic. Any information about the evolution of the crisis is likely to be used for political purposes.


Violencia por razón de género.A nivel nacional 20 de cada 100 mujeres han experimentado algún tipo de violencia en el ámbito familiar  ( ENVIGMU , 2019 )   [ 6 ] . Además, en 2019 y a nivel nacional, el 56,92 % de las mujeres reportaron haber vivido violencia psicológica en los últimos meses  ( ENVIGMU, 2019 ) . La violencia por razón de género en situaciones de emergencia y desastres profundiza las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres y pone en riesgo la integridad física, psicológica y sexual de las mujeres, niñas, adolescentes, jóvenes y adultas mayores [ 7 ] .


2.1 According to the Colegio de la Frontera Norte  ( COLEF ) , 32.5% of Central American migrants travelling as caravan members in 2018 and 41.9% in 2019 expressed a health need, mostly relating to upper respiratory tract infections, fever and diarrhea.


La Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe  ( CEPAL )  proyecta que en América Central la caída del producto interno bruto  ( PIB )  podría alcanzar  2,3 por ciento, a raíz de la caída en el turismo   como se ha manifestado ya en Guatemala y en El Salvador, donde el sector representa el 20 por ciento del PIB en el 201817   y la reducción de la actividad de Estados Unidos, el principal socio comercial de la región y la mayor fuente de remesas.


3. En tiempo de aislamiento, la violencia machista aumenta El COVID 19 está conduciendo al aislamiento social, inseguridades laborales y salariales. La evidencia muestra que cuando el estrés social aumenta, también lo hacen los casos de violencia contra las mujeres. Como se ha demostrado tantas veces,la casa no es un lugar seguro para mujeresy el sistema y la institucionalidad está volcada en atender la crisis desatendiendo otras áreas vitales de los derechos de las mujeres. Además, el aislamiento social puede dificultar que las mujeres abandonen las relaciones abusivas, reduce drásticamente la posibilidad de denunciar, quedan sin redes de apoyo comunitario y se les limita el ya deficiente acceso a servicios básicos. También en tiempos de crisis, la salud sexual y reproductiva se pone en discusión, porque además de ser los servicios más cuestionados, nunca van a ser los priorizados durante una emergencia.

At risk->Risk and vulnerabilities
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


Families emphasized the urgent need for hammocks and clothing. They would also like to build more stable shelters but need the tools.


Information and assistance needed in the regions The mobile population were asked to list three types of information or support most needed. Overall, respondents indicated that employment or income generating activities was their greatest need  ( 36% in Region 2 and 44% in Region 7 ) .


Some individuals leave for periods of time to work in the mining sector but then do not receive their salary.


There is 1 latrine for 43 people. The practice of open defecation is common.


Thus far, IOM has conducted DTM surveys in Region 1  ( Barima Waini ) , Region 4  ( Demerara Mahaica ) , and now in its latest iteration, Region 2  ( Pomeroon  Supenaam )  and Region 7  ( Cuyuni Mazaruni ) . These regions were chosen due to the increasingly high presence of Venezuelan nationals and Guyanese returnees.


When asked if they possessed identification documents, 81 per cent of those interviewed in Region 2 responded positively compared to 82 per cent in Region 7. Ninety six per cent of those interviewed in Region 2 have their National Identification Card and 4 per cent have Passports while 99 per cent of respondents in Region 7 have their National Identification Card and the remaining 1 per cent have Passports.


In Round 2, 50 per cent of the population of interest in Region 1 were unemployed in their country of origin when compared to nine per cent in Region 4. Of those interviewed in Region 4, 15 per cent were students compared to 1 per cent in Region 1. Only six per cent of interviewees in Region 1 were employed in their country of origin, while 41 per cent worked independently. However, in Region 4, 61 per cent were employed before their journey started while 12 per cent worked independently.


The last reported number of Venezuelan migrants documented by the Immigration Department of the Guyana Police force, showed five thousand one hundred and twenty three  ( 5,123 )  Venezuelan migrants registered by the Immigration Department at the various ports of entry in Guyana through which Venezuelan migrants pass.


In Trinidad and Tobago, partners continued to assist 117 Venezuelan children by providing temporary learning spaces, while partners in Guyana have assisted 473 Venezuelans through accompanied visits to government service providers.


The deteriorating humanitarian situation in Venezuela has led to recent large outflows of its citizens and residents to other countries, including to Guyana. UNHCR and IOM have been providing various forms of assistance to countries in the Americas and the Caribbean that are hosting Venezuelans. Both UNHCR and IOM recently released regional appeals for donor support in response to the Venezuela situation, including funds requested for support to Guyana.1 While IOM has had an office and active programs in Guyana since 2009, until now UNHCR has not had a presence or activities in Guyana.2


II. Due to the deteriorating situation in Venezuela, Guyana has been experiencing an increasing number of Venezuelan arrivals as well as Guyanese returnees, displaced from Venezuela due to the ongoing crisis. The most common reported reasons for leaving Venezuela include: deteriorating political and human rights situation, difficulties to cope with the hyper inflation; lack of access to basic goods and services  ( particularly food and health care ) ; insecurity and violence, among others. Exact numbers of Venezuelans in Guyana are not available, however an estimate1 suggests that approximately 36,400 Venezuelans and returning Guyanese have temporarily settled in Guyana and are in need of assistance and protection.


Team members were also informed that members of the Syndicato Gang are suspected of using an alternate trail to by pass the security post at White Water.


Venezuelans reported in the FGDs and KII that they work more hours and receive less salaries than the Guyanese. Some returning Guyanese complained about the labor conditions they have encountered since their return from Venezuela. According to them, they work more than 8 hours, are not allowed to take any breaks, and are paid G$1,050  ( 5USD )  per day.


Although refugees and migrants were not among respondents, the widespread disruption of livelihoods undoubtedly impacted Venezuelans as most of them are engaged in the informal labor market.

Impact->Impact on people
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


The new special political mission will support the implementation of the December Stockholm Agreement, consisting of three separate pledges between the two sides: halting hostilities in Hudaydah and mutually redeploying forces from the city and the ports, Salif and Ras Issa; a prisoner exchange mechanism; and a statement of understanding on the city of Taiz, where fighters have wrestled for control for years now.


Reports indicate that the sporadic clashes in Al Hudaydah have resulted in the displacement of 13 families to Jabal Habashy district and 57 families to Salh district in Taizz. An incident reported by the SNCC and his mission team who were stopped and hijacked at a check point established by unidentified armed men when they were returning to Al Turbah area in Ash Shamayatayn district from a visit to an IDP hosting site in Al Ma'afer district before they were found and saved by a police unit patrolling the area looking for them. This is an alarming incident that might affect the movement of humanitarian actors in the area.


From week 2 to week 5 in 2019, the trend of weekly reported suspected cholera cases was stable at the country level, although 223 districts have reported suspected cholera cases within the last three weeks. The governorates reporting the highest number of suspected cases of cholera during this reporting period were Al Hudaydah  ( 1583 ) , Amanat Al Asimah  ( 978 ) , Arman  ( 902 ) , Ibb  ( 882 ) , and Sana'a  ( 850 ) .


A mortar shell struck a market in Al Hudaydah Governorate's At Tuhayat District on February 19, killing eight civilians and injuring 10 others, according to the UN. Despite ongoing UN led negotiations between parties to the conflict, fighting in Al Hudaydah's Ad Durayhimi, At Tuhayat, and Bayt Al Faqiah districts has continued in recent months, with hostilities impeding humanitarian access to vulnerable populations in the districts. Countrywide, hostilities resulted in at least 271 civilian casualties, including 96 fatalities, between January 1 and February 14. In a February 22 statement, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Yemen Lise Grande called on all parties to Yemen's conflict to protect civilians.


While western countries are providing aid to Yemen to alleviate human suffering with one hand, with the other they are selling weapons and equipment being used in this conflict to kill, maim and starve children. This is a double standard which keeps fueling this devastating conflict.

Context->Security & stability
Context->Politics


As of 9 January, 36,246 displaced households were registered in the Aden Hub area, including 19,200 households displaced from Al Hudaydah Governorate since June 2018.


14 February 2019   The Ministry of Public Health and Population of Yemen reported 8639 suspected cases of cholera and 5 associated deaths during epidemiological week 3  ( 14 – 20 January )  of 2019. Ten percent of cases are severe. The cumulative total number of suspected cholera cases from 1 January 2018 to 20 January 2019 is 396 507, with 531 associated deaths  ( CFR 0.13% ) . Children under five represent 32.0% of total suspected cases. The outbreak has affected 22 of 23 governorates and 312 of 333 districts in Yemen.


The Yemen government's information minister, Muammar al Iryani, condemned the strike, saying: “Once again this proves that the Houthi criminal militias are not ready for peace and that they are exploiting truces in order for deployment and reinforcements.


With the UN still trying to implement key aspects of the outline and preliminary dealreached in Stockholm last month, the drone strike damages trust between the sides locked in a three year civil war. It also highlights a drawback of apartial rather than nationwide ceasefire.


Sanaa, Yemen  AHouthidrone attack has killed at least fiveYemenisoldiers and wounded several senior officers from the Yemeni army, including the country's chief of staff, a government official and Houthi spokesperson told Al Jazeera.


In December 2018, the Ministry of Public Health and Population of Yemen reported a total 47 310 suspected cholera cases including 86 related deaths  ( case fatality rate: 0.18% ) , from 20 governorates.


Hajjah is one of the governorates with the highest severity of needs in Yemen. The findings of the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  released in December indicate that more than a million people, out of a total population of 2.5 million, are in IPC Phase 3  ( Crisis ) . Out of 31 districts in the governorate, 28 are classified at IPC Phase 4  ( Emergency ) ; 5 have pockets of populations at IPC Phase 5  ( Catastrophe ) . Some 13 districts are among the 104 districts in Yemen that have the highest convergence of needs.


A UN led truce monitoring team started monitoring ceasefire and withdrawal of armed forces in Al Hudaydah after the approval of United Nations Security Council for the deployment of the team. This came as a result of the agreement reached from the UN led peace talks in Sweden. Sporadic clashes were reported in Al Hudaydah City particularly in kilo 7 and Al Hudaydah airport. In Hajjah, the fighting in Haradh district and Hamra village of Mustaba district remain very intense.


For years, the ongoing war in Yemen has displaced waves of people to Marib, the lightly populated governorate lying 175 km east of Sana'a. The Charitable Society for Social Welfare  ( CSSW ) , a Yemeni NGO devoted to improving the lives of internally displaced people, has seen its role in Marib change in recent years: initially seeking to protect the vast numbers of IDPs in the governorate, CSSW recently partnered with OCHA and the Yemen Humanitarian Pooled Fund to develop long term programs supporting Marib's IDP population.


Partners report displacement of 13 families from Al Hudaydah governorate to Jabal Habashy district and 57 families to Salh district in Taizz. Another 378 families displaced from Maqbanah and Jabal Habashy districts to locations within Jabal Habashy district. SNC organized a dedicated ad hoc meeting on 20th of December to discuss the CCPM action plan. SNCC went on field missions to IDP hosting sites in Al Ma'afer district on 26th of December to assess the situation of IDPs in the sites. The most reported needs raised by the IDPs are NFIs including winterization support and water.


Mesa tripartita consultiva presidida por la Ministra de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social, en torno a las medidas para enfrentar la emergencia por COVID 19.


Como se muestra en la Figura 2, casi la mitad de las personas migrantes y refugiadas venezolanas encuestadas manifestaron ser residentes del departamento Central de Paraguay  ( 45% ) . Otros departamentos o zonas geográficas que fueron mencionadas son: Asunción  ( 34% ) , Alto Paraná  ( 11% ) , Itapúa  ( 7% ) , Concepción  ( 1% )  y Presidente Hayes  ( 1% ) .


Paraguay's diverse landscape is subject to the impacts of extreme events. The alluvial plains and hills where most of the country's population is concentrated, are subject to landslides and significant flooding due to increased surface run off from extreme rainfall on degraded forest and riparian ecosystems, which increase sediment loads

Context->Environment
Shock/event->Hazard & threats


Additionally, a significant increase in total annual rainfall has been reported for the summer months of November to December, corresponding with ENSO  ( El Niño Southern Oscillation )  events, which are also associated with floods. La Niña events bring the increasing occurrence and intensity of droughts

Context->Environment
Shock/event->Type and characteristics


Abnormal climatic conditions associated with the El Niño phenomenon can produce high temperatures and severe floods, particularly between the months of November and December, damaging agricultural output and threatening operations at the hydroelectric power projects which generate domestic energy supplies

Context->Environment
Shock/event->Type and characteristics
Shock/event->Hazard & threats


Inicio de la ruta La población encuestada manifestó haber iniciado su viaje desde el estado de Caracas – Distrito Capital  ( 21% ) , Carabobo  ( 13% ) , Táchira  ( 9% ) , Lara  ( 8% ) , Bolívar  ( 8% ) . Con un porcentaje menor, las personas encuestadas iniciaron su viaje en Anzoátegui  ( 6% ) , Zulia  ( 6% ) , Mérida  ( 6% ) , Aragua  ( 5% ) , Barinas  ( 3% ) , Vargas  ( 3% ) , Yaracuy  ( 2% ) , Miranda  ( 2% ) , Monagas  ( 2% ) , mientras que el restante 6% inició su viaje en el Delta Amacuro, Nueva Esparta, Amazonas, Apure, Cojedes, Guárico, Portuguesa y Trujillo. Países transitados y de estancia En lo que respecta a los países transitados para llegar a Paraguay, ha sido posible observar una variedad de rutas. En ese sentido, el 55% de las personas encuestadas, mencionaron haber pasado por un país antes de llegar al Paraguay. Entre los países mencionados por las personas, el 65% de las personas encuestadas refiere a Brasil, 11% Otro país, 7% Colombia, 6% Perú, 5% Argentina, 2% Bolivia, 2% Uruguay, 1% Chile y 1% Ecuador. GRÁFICO N°16 Cantidad de países recorridos Sin embargo, en los PMF de ingreso al país es posible visualizar que efectivamente para el caso de las encuestas realizadas en el Puente Internacional de la Amistad, la mayoría de las personas ingresó por el mencionado puesto de control migratorio, sin embargo, en segunda instancia, las personas encuestadas mencionaron haberlo hecho por Infante Rivarola, seguido por el Aeropuerto Silvio Pettirossi en menor medida. Por otro lado, es llamativo el caso de las personas encuestadas en la Terminal de Ómnibus de Asunción, donde la mayoría de ellas declaró haber ingresado por Infante Rivarola  ( 61% ) , seguido por el Puente Internacional de la Amistad en Ciudad del Este  ( 19% ) , y otros puestos de ingreso en menor medida. 8 Por otro lado, el segundo grupo representativo corresponde a las personas que declararon haber transitado cuatro países para llegar a Paraguay  ( 21% )  según el siguiente detalle: • Colombia – Ecuador – Perú – Bolivia: 94.1% • Colombia – Ecuador – Perú – Brasil : 1.5% • Colombia – Ecuador – Perú – Chile: 1.5% • Colombia – Ecuador – Perú – Otro país: 1.5% • Ecuador – Perú – Bolivia – Argentina: 1.5% En cuanto a aquellas personas que mencionaron haber transitado 2 países, es decir, el 17% de las personas encuestadas, las mismas hicieron referencia a los siguientes países: Colombia – Perú  ( 31% ) , Otro país – Colombia  ( 15% ) , Brasil – Argentina  ( 9% ) , Perú – Bolivia  ( 9% ) , Colombia – Brasil  ( 7% ) , Otro país – Perú  ( 7% ) , Otro país – Argentina  ( 7% ) , Brasil – Perú  ( 6% ) , y representando el 2% cada uno: Brasil – Bolivia, Colombia – Ecuador, Otro país – Uruguay, Otro país – Brasil. En cuanto a los países de estancia durante la ruta, es decir, aquellos lugares donde las personas han residido por un mínimo de 30 días, cabe mencionar que el 48% de las personas encuestadas declararon Venezuela  ( 42% )  o Paraguay  ( 5% )  como último país de residencia. Sin embargo, el 52% restante declaró haber vivido en otros países, siendo Perú el principal país de estancia  ( 20% ) , seguido de Brasil  ( 6% )  y Colombia  ( 6% ) .

boliv argentina ecuador uruguay chile colombia us colombia bolivia chile iran


En cuanto a la situación laboral en Paraguay8, el 43% mencionó encontrarse en situación de desempleo, mientras que el 50% mencionó encontrarse empleada, ya sea de manera dependiente  ( 33% )  o independiente  ( 17% ) .


Las principales causas de muerte neonatal fueron las malformaciones congénitas, la prematuridad y las infecciones del recién nacido. En el caso de la mortalidad infantil en menores de 5 años, se suman la neumonía, la gripe y las diarreas69.


• Posibilidad de adelantar licencias generadas en el 2020 con consentimiento de ambas partes  ( Resolución Ministerial Nº 55, del 20 marzo 2020 ) .


• Creación de un fondo que garantiza préstamos para pequeñas y medianas empresas por un total de 2.500 millones de dólares. Puesta en marcha de un programa de crédito directo a pequeñas y medianas empresas para capital de trabajo por 18 meses a tasas subsidiadas. Suspensión del repago de créditos de estas empresas por al menos 30 días  ( Fuente: Fondo Monetario Internacional ) .


Datos solicitados a la Dirección Nacional de Migraciones sobre la cantidad de residencias temporales concedidas a la población venezolana muestran que en 2015 se otorgaron un total de 43, aumentando a 79 en 2016 y a 166 en 2017. En lo que va de enero a noviembre de 2018 van concedidas un total de 48 residencias temporarias.


Se exhortó a los propietarios y administradores de locales comerciales de gran porte a su cierre preventivo y provisorio, excluyendo los de venta de alimentos y farmacias. El Gobierno nacional y el Congreso de Intendentes acordaron tomar medidas restrictivas para las ferias vecinales no alimentarias, reduciendo su horario.


Se recomendó instrumentar el teletrabajo en la medida de las posibilidades, tanto a nivel público como privado. Así mismo, se resolvió entregar un subsidio a monotributistas amparados por el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social cuyo monto es inferior al salario mínimo.


Con respecto a los salarios percibidos por los trabajadores, por sexo, se puede apreciar también una importante brecha salarial. En el mercado laboral uruguayo las mujeres presentan menores salarios que los hombres en promedio, aunque las diferencias salariales son menores a la de los países de la región. Estas diferencias, según la economía neoclásica, se suelen basar en diferencias de productividad, así como en factores de discriminación  ( Espino, 2013 ) . De acuerdo con el Mapa de Género del Mercado Laboral  ( 2015 ) , realizado por el Departamento de Género de la sindical obrera PIT CNT, las mujeres están más calificadas, y su jornada laboral es de hasta diez horas más por semana que la de un hombre. A pesar de ello, siguen ganando menos que sus pares masculinos, y acceden a menos cargos de jefatura y gerenciales.


Sumado a lo anterior, existe una gran informalidad en el empleo juvenil. Los jóvenes ocupados entre 18 y 29 años se encuentran trabajando en una situación de informalidad superior al promedio de los ocupados  ( 31% contra 24% )   ( INE, 2019; González Rubio, 2018 ) .


Recent official figures indicate that there are approximately 19,000 Venezuelans in Uruguay.


El Gobierno uruguayo habilitó el martes el proceso de vacunación para solicitantes de refugio o migrantes que aún no cuentan con documento de identidad del país y llevan en el territorio más de 90 días.


Las principales causas de la llegada masiva de venezolanos al país a partir de 2013 hasta el presente vienen de la mano con la situación política, económica y social vivida en Venezuela luego de producirse la muerte de Hugo Chávez, el 5 de marzo del citado año, y el ascenso de Nicolás Maduro al poder. Hasta 2008, inclusive, Venezuela vivió un período de bonanza económica la cual llegó a su fin a partir de 2009 debido a los problemas financieros atravesados por el país  ( Páez, 2015 ) . A partir de ese momento comenzó a producirse un incremento de la conflictividad social y de la violencia seguida de fuertes represalias contra los opositores al gobierno  ( Castillo Crasto y Reguant Álvarez, 2017 )  la cual se recrudeció con la muerte de Hugo Chávez y sumergió al país en una profunda crisis económica acompañada de una gran tensión social


En el acceso al empleo, tanto por parte de los hombres como de las mujeres se puede observar un desfase entre las titulaciones universitarias alcanzadas, por el 60% de los migrantes venezolanos residentes en el país, y los puestos laborales a los cuales acceden una vez arribados al país. La gráfica 3 muestra la titulación máxima alcanzada por la población venezolana residente en Uruguay, la cual dista enormemente de los trabajos a los cuales acceden en el primer momento de su estadía en el país, como acabamos de presentar.


Es destacable cómo en Uruguay funciona una red de instituciones de apoyo a los migrantes venezolanos, fuertemente vinculadas al logro de una adecuada inclusión laboral y al respeto de sus derechos como trabajadores, desde el ámbito estatal, gremial y también internacional y de la sociedad civil. La mayoría de ellas se originan con la llegada de los migrantes venezolanos y de otras regiones caribeñas al Uruguay. Entre las principales instituciones de carácter estatal, con un especial foco en la atención y defensa de los derechos de los venezolanos, tenemos el Instituto de Derechos Humanos y Defensoría del Pueblo, el Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, y la Unidad de Migración del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.


En Uruguay las personas no nacionales tienen el mismo estatus que las nacionales en ámbitos como la salud, la educación, la protección social y el trabajo. La Ley de Migración  ( Ley No 18.250 del 2008 ) , establece en el Artículo 8 que “Las personas migrantes y sus familiares gozarán de los derechos de salud, trabajo, seguridad social, vivienda y educación en pie de igualdad con los nacionales. Dichos derechos tendrán la misma protección y amparo en uno y otro caso'.


En cuanto al salario percibido, según el sexo de los trabajadores, se pueden observar también importantes diferencias: existe una paridad entre quienes ganan menos del Salario Mínimo Nacional y entre quienes ganan entre 20.001 a 30.000 pesos uruguayos  ( 500 y 750 dólares americanos ) . En cambio, cuando se acrecienta el salario se aprecian diferencias: en la franja salarial entre los 30.001 y los 40.000  ( 750 a 1.000 dólares americanos )  y entre los 40.001 y los 50.000  ( 1.000 a 1.250 dólares americanos )  el porcentaje de hombres es mayor al de las mujeres debido al tipo de actividad realizada en donde los sueldos a los cuales acceden estas últimas es menor; en cambio, entre los 50.001 a 60.000  ( 1.250 a 1.500 dólares americanos )  y más de 60.001  ( más de 1.500 dólares americanos )  se produce una leve diferencia a favor de las mujeres relacionada a un predominio de cargos de responsabilidad ejercidos por éstas


Incremento del aporte a Uruguay Social y los beneficios para los hogares en el Plan de Equidad.


En segundo lugar, a pesar de que los hombres tienen niveles más bajos de educación superior  ( 18% ) , sí tienen mayor acceso al empleo con una tasa de desempleo menor que la de las mujeres  ( 26% ) . Esto podría deberse a que el tipo de trabajo al que acceden los hombres es menos calificado


Health systems in LAC have fewer resources and less capacity than OECD countries to confront the COVID 19 pandemic. The LAC region has an average of two doctors per 1,000 population, and most countries stand well below the OECD average of 3.5, with only Cuba, Argentina and Uruguay having more.


Más de la mitad del total de encuestados contestó que en algún momento desde el inicio de la pandemia sus ingresos laborales fueron afectados. Un 20 por ciento de encuestados declararon que sus ventas, pedidos y clientes habían bajado, un 19 por ciento reportó que le redujeron sus horas de trabajo, seguido de un 17 por ciento que confirmó que le redujeron el salario. Por último, un 14 por ciento de los encuestados mencionaron que los suspendieron temporalmente y un 8 por ciento que perdieron su trabajo ya sea por despido o finalización de contrato.


Por su parte, del total que dijeron estar ocupados el 88% lo estaba en el sector formal, y el restante 12% en el sector informal de la economía.


A su vez, el aislamiento social, el miedo a acudir a las autoridades y la disminución de contactos con redes de apoyo, puede incrementar las posibilidades de que las mujeres sufran severas formas de violencia por períodos de tiempo extendidos.10 Esa ausencia de redes de apoyo también se refleja en el hecho de que las principales necesidades de las mujeres, arriba expuestas, son información para trámites legales y acceso a servicios.


Al ser consultados por si habían trabajado o realizado otras actividades durante su viaje y si en caso afirmativo lo han tratado bien, el 87% respondió que sí, el 6% que no y el 7% que prefirió no responder. Cuando se profundizó en casos de maltrato las menciones dieron cuenta de aspectos de discriminación y maltrato laboral.


Ruta A: Ruta desde Venezuela hasta Uruguay. Este tipo de ruta se realiza en uno o dos tramos, ya sea directamente desde el Distrito Capital hasta Montevideo, o mediante una parada en Brasil, y en menor medida en Colombia o Argentina. Este tipo de ruta se realiza tanto por aire como por tierra, y la que lleva menor cantidad de días. Cuando el viaje es realizado en un tramo, se vuela directamente desde Venezuela hacia Uruguay. Sin embargo, también puede hacerse un tramo en tierra hasta Colombia  ( Bogotá o Medellín )  y desde allí a Uruguay. La ruta que incluye una parada en Brasil implica un tramo desde Venezuela hasta Boa Vista o hasta Porto Alegre, y desde allí a Montevideo. Las respuestas obtenidas muestran que pueden hacerse tanto en tierra o avión, resaltando los casos que llegan hasta Porto Alegre, ya sea en avión o tierra, y desde allí mediante tierra a Uruguay. Las rutas que incluyen Argentina mayormente implican un viaje en avión hasta Buenos Aires desde Venezuela o Colombia, y desde allí por mar o tierra hasta Uruguay.

medellín argentina uruguay colombia colombia


Norte de Santander De acuerdo con el reporte de la UNGRD a la fecha, existe un acumulado de 2.928 familias afectadas y 5 muertos. 180 vías, 14 puentes y 209 acueductos afectados. El reporte en las últimas horas informa 173 familias afectadas.


In Honduras, UNICEF has delivered WASH humanitarian assistance to 5,104 affected people in shelters, including water supply support; over 10,000 children are benefiting from improved conditions in shelters, including through the provision of mental health support; 4,500 vulnerable families have received in kind transfers.


In Costa Rica, UNICEF will provide PPE items and hygiene kits for frontline workers and affected families, targeting 3,000 people.


In addition, heavy rains have triggered emergencies such as floods and landslides in different parts of Colombia.


The neighbouring island of San Andres, inhabited by more than 43,000 people, also faced damage to its infrastructure.


se evaluaron las condiciones de servicios básicos y equipamiento en un total 137 albergues


76.6%  ( n=105 )  tienen energía eléctrica


One hundred and twelve people were evacuated from the island Tuesday, among them six seriously injured.


Pasó por Nicaragua y asoló también toda su parte noreste, en donde por el momento se cuentan ya 16 víctimas mortales.


las inundaciones y los deslizamientos de tierra siguen siendo una amenaza mortal.


Chiquimula Puente Jupilingo, km 204 San Marcos Socavamiento en Km 249 de la RN 13, en La Conquista, Nuevo Progreso, San Marcos. Según Comunicaciones, hay 20 comunidades incomunicadas. Alta Verapaz Km 255, aldea Sonte, ruta entre Cobán Chisec. Derrumbe en el Cerro Los Chorros, Ruta 7W, San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, hacia Chicamán, Quiché.


Además, los cultivos afectados son: maíz, frijol, cardamomo, cacao, ejote, brócoli, limón y frutales.


La reconstrucción de Honduras por los severos daños causados por las tormentas tropicales Eta e Iota, llevará varios años y dependerá en gran medida de la ayuda internacional que pueda recibir el país, donde la pobreza, que ya afectaba a más del 60 %, podría superar el 70 %, según analistas.


La deforestación y las plantaciones incontroladas hacen de los valles áreas de extrema peligrosidad en el caso de lluvias y grandes avenidas de los ríos, cuyos bordos se encuentran degradados;


Así mismo se reporta un total de 21 eventos asociados con amenazas de deslizamientos en 712 municipios; teniendo un mayor impacto en la región Andina con un 74,9%, seguido de la región pacifica con un 11,2%, Caribe 6,1%, Orinoquía 4,4% y finalmente Amazonia con un 1,4%. Existe una alta probabilidad de ocurrencia de deslizamientos en los departamentos de Antioquia, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Huila, Norte de Santander y Santander.


325K PEOPLE AFFECTED BY ETA IN COSTA RIC


Those in the path of Hurricane Iota,which became a hurricane on Sunday, were not the only ones comparing it to Hurricane Eta.


En la montañosa ciudad los residentes de las zonas bajas, con tendencia a anegarse, estaban siendo evacuados como medida preventiva al igual que los de los vecindarios vulnerables a los deslaves.


Dejó a decenas de miles sin hogar en Honduras, que reportó 74 muertos y casi 57 mil personas en refugios.


El funcionario comentó que 211 carreteras fueron afectadas y casi un centenar de puentes dañados


This coming week, Mercy Corps plans to install water storage tanks at evacuation shelters in Alta Verapaz


Añade que los evacuados por Iota son 14 mil 947, siendo los departamentos de Izabal, Alta Verapaz, Zacapa y Huehuetenango los que mayor cantidad reportan.


But Nicaragua's vice president, Rosario Murillo, said Tuesday afternoon that a brother and sister, ages 11 and 8, had drowned in the community of La Pinuela trying to cross the swollen Solera River.


Early reports from the coast included toppled trees and electric poles and roofs stripped from homes and businesses, said Guillermo Gonzalez, director of Nicaragua's emergency management agency.


Several Nicaraguan NGOs and community groups have reported that the government has obstructed efforts to collect and distribute donations for affected communities


El departamento, con profundos problemas de infraestructura hospitalaria y vial, ha tenido seis gobernadores distintos en menos de 6 años a cuenta de destituciones disciplinarias


Iota tocó tierra en Nicaragua en la noche del lunes como huracán de categoría 4  ( de un máximo de 5 en la escala Saffir Simpson )  con vientos de hasta 250 km/h


WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE NEEDS: Shelters in lower  income communities frequently do not have adequate water or sanitation facilities. Overcrowded shelters put a burden on what facilities do exist, with inadequate protective measures to prevent coronavirus spread.


At least 40 people have been killed to date across the region


Most of the deaths have been in Nicaragua and Honduras


Two weeks after Hurricane Eta struck Central America, authorities continue assessing the damages and gathering information on the affected communities. Over 4.6 people have been affected by Eta in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, among them approximately 1.8 million children.


En la aldea aldea Choczunil de San Pedro Solomá ocurrió un derrumbe que dejó viviendas soterradas y provocó 4 personas heridas que fueron trasladadas al Hospital de Huehuetenango.


En lo referente a albergues seguros, por lo general no hay divisiones por familias, esto ocasiona aglomeraciones en las áreas comunes, provocando un alto riesgo de contagios por covid 19 y otras enfermedades.


Un 47% de los daños evaluados se concentran en los departamentos de Alta Verapaz, Izabal y Quiché. Los deslizamientos y flujos de lodo provocaron la muerte de 53 personas y la desaparición de otras 96 en Alta Verapaz. El desbordamiento de ríos provocó impacto directo en viviendas destruyendo sus contenidos, enseres y artículos personales, así también se reportan daños a cultivos, ganado y aves de corral, infraestructura vial y del sistema de salud, edificios y escuelas.


People are eager to leave shelters and return to their houses where and when the water has receded. An estimated 12 shelters, with 1,600 people, will close soon as families are heading back home. Debris removal and cleaning and recovery has begun in some areas. People returning to their homes need tools and supplies to clean and recover houses and belongings. Basic belongings were lost and need to be replaced, especially house supplies for women. Preliminary estimates from CONRED reported around 12,193 and 17,452 houses with moderate to severe damage in Izabal and Alta Verapaz, respectively. Additionally, households have lost their food reserves and crops, and will face severe food insecurity once they are able to leave the shelters.


Given that the hurricanes hit the region at a time of year when poor and very poor households typically earn most of their annual income, and these income earning opportunities have been undermined, atypically high needs are expected to persist through the 2021 lean season, peaking at over 3.5 million people in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  in August of the coming year.


Lebanon finalized a deal with Pfizer on Sunday for 2.1 million doses of the coronavirus vaccine


Protesters also burned tires and blocked the highway between Beirut and the south.


This included medical services  ( treatment of wounds and so on ) , as well as primary health services such as distribution of paramedical items and


BEIRUT, Jan. 26  ( Xinhua )     Lebanon on Tuesday registered the highest 73 daily deaths from COVID 19, raising the total death toll to 2,447, the Health Ministry said.


"Some patients are not able to find a bed and there's been several cases where patients have died in their homes,


The number of daily new cases has almost quadrupled since where we were almost a month ago," said Dr Abiad.


The Central Bank Governor recently announced that the Central Bank can keep the current subsidy mechanismxiv for only two more months. Official foreign reserves were estimated to stand at nearly USD 17.9 billion at the end of November 2020, with only USD 800 million available for the subsidization of wheat grains, fuel oil and pharmaceutical products at the official rate, as well as the basket of food items at the banks exchange rate  ( USD/LBP 3,900 ) . Subsidization will have to stop once the minimum reserve requirements threshold is reached.


The supply situation continued to follow previously set trends this year. While total imports volume decreased by 38 percent between January and September 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, total food imports volume  ( excluding cereals )  decreased by 18 percent. In 2020, the volume of cereals slightly increased, as Lebanon imported nearly 588,000 tons of wheat till the end of November 2020. While markets continue to be efficient, despite the further complicated operating environment, key risks with the potential of leading to a market collapse exist, further eroding Lebanon's population purchasing power. Those are mainly related to the removal/modification of the subsidy mechanism, as well as the recent withdrawal limits on LBP banknotes. WFP contracted shops have reported challenges due to i IMF projects Lebanon's GDP to contract by 25 percent in 2020, while the World Bank forecast predicts real GDP to decline by 19 percent. ii Latest available.


That was then exacerbated by the pandemic and thedevastating port explosionlast year.


However, the previous success in the fight against COVID 19 had its costs, the consequences of which have now been further exacerbated by the accident. With huge sovereign debt of over 160 per cent of gross domestic product already weighing down on the country before the crisis, a concoction of delayed reforms, corruption and persistently high deficits in the budget and current account resulted in an extensive economic and financial crisis, which set in at the very latest in the autumn of last year. The banks – once the pride of the country – went into a tailspin, dollars were scarce, and the government's fiscal scope was becoming increasingly tight. Ever larger sections of the previous middle class slipped into poverty, with the poverty rate having now soared to over 50 per cent. Wide scale protests against the state system and the ruling elite had already mobilised large sections of the population as early as autumn of last year. To stem the spread of coronavirus, lockdown followed in the spring, which calmed the protests. However, the economy continued to weaken and pushed thousands of small businesses in particular towards bankruptcy. Since the explosion, the political instability is back – and is now stronger than ever.


N° of people being assisted: 105,600 people

Humanitarian access->Population to relief


Jobless residents whose housing sustains severe damage are at risk of poverty.


Sex, age and disability disaggregated data is collected.


BEIRUT, January 21, 2021  The World Bank today approved a re allocation of US$34 million under the existingLebanon Health Resilience Projectto support vaccines for Lebanon as it faces an unprecedented surge in COVID 19, with record breaking numbers of around 5,500 daily confirmed cases since the beginning of the year. This is the first World Bank financed operation to fund the procurement of COVID 19 vaccines. The financing will provide vaccines for over 2 million individuals. The vaccines are expected to arrive in Lebanon by early February 2021.


A total of twelve community isolation sites   Abbassiyeh  ( 30 beds ) , Ain w Zain  ( 18 beds ) , Al Aziz  ( 40 beds ) , Ayha  ( 48 beds ) , Lebanese Canadian Hospital  ( 80 beds ) , Maad Isolation Centre  ( 42 beds ) , Mraijat Isolation Centre  ( 20 beds ) , Qana Isolation centre  ( 40 beds ) , Quality Inn Maarad  ( 101 beds ) , Tayouneh centre  ( 58 beds ) , Tal Hayat Mokayteh  ( 50 beds ) , Wardanieh  ( 29 beds )    were active during the last two weeks, with 102 beds occupied out of 556 available beds, as of 24 November. • New outbreaks were reported in three elderly homes  ( Dar Al Rahma, Jezzine Elderly Home and Notre Dame Des Douleurs ) . In cooperation with the authorities, the UN and NGOs have supported these three facilities to contain the outbreaks through dispatching registered nurses and procuring personal protective equipment  ( PPE ) . Further, the outbreaks in Jbeil Prison and Shilfa Mental Health Institution ended, while support in Roumieh Central Prison and Zahleh Central Prison continued. • On December 8, the occupancy rate of COVID 19 intensive care unit  ( ICU )  beds was 83 per cent  ( 382 occupied beds out of a total of 464 dedicated ICU beds ) .


Between 25 November and 8 December, an additional 20,471 people were infected with the COVID 19, bringing the total number of reported cases since 21 February 2020 to 114,658  ( 54 per cent male ) . Overall, 1,806 healthcare workers have been infected  ( 55 per cent female ) , mostly working in institutions dealing with the COVID 19 response. Further, a total of 1,116 deaths were registered  ( 35 per cent female ) . The average local test positivity rate during the reporting period was at 14.6 per cent, while the positivity including testing at points of entry was 13.3 per cent.


Conducted about 200 sessions on reproductive health, COVID 19 and pregnancy targeting around 2,000 vulnerable women, men and adolescent girls  ( Syrian refugees and Lebanese )  in the Bekaa, North and South governorates. Further, 250 Syrian refugees and Lebanese received one to one counselling sessions on reproductive health, COVID 19 through mobile medical units in Bekaa and the North.


Besides, in light of the current dollar inflation crisis and the deteriorating socio economic status, most families are getting paid below the minimum wage.


Description of the disaster On Tuesday 4 August 2020 at around 6pm, two explosions occurred at the Port of Beirut. The cause remains unclear, but initial reports claim it started with a fire in a firework storage, which extended to highly flammable and explosive material stored in one of the many port warehouses causing two explosions, the second being massive.


Several triage and treatment centers were set up as it was difficult for ambulances to access all areas; LRC also led the evacuation of two major hospitals that were destroyed by the explosion. In addition, LRC called for blood donations; blood centers were opened, and 450 blood units were collected between the moment of the blast and the second morning at 10:00 a.m. Provision of primary healthcare needs to those affected by the blast was also among the priorities in the direct response; this was done through 4 Health Centers  ( HCs )  and up to 5 Medical Mobile Units  ( MMUs )  in Beirut area.


LRC has initiated since August 5, a Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment  ( MSNA )  covering 42,646 households in total as of November 4. Results of the assessment will be compiled and presented in one report, expected in December. It is important to note that the Multi Sectoral Needs assessment tool has been updated to include a more detailed assessment capturing the exact vulnerabilities and socio economic status of households needed for targeting purposes in the next phase of cash distributions.


The IFRC secretariat, together with National Societies uses their unique position to influence decisions at local, national and international levels that affect the most vulnerable.


The devaluation of the local currency by around 80 percent makes these machines extremely expensive, but Assi said there is “no other choice,' with skyrocketing shipping fees and the fact that this equipment is not subsidised by the country's Central Bank.


Oxygen concentrators are sold at prices ranging between $700 and $1,400, she said, depending on the make of the machine.


Main results based on analysis of 29,560 assessments  ( up to Oct. 27 )  are presented below: Vulnerabilities identified through this assessment are the following  ( as per the most updated results covering 29,560 assessments till Oct.27 ) : • 4.4% of the assessed households have pregnant or lactating women • 11% of the assessed households have physical or mental disability • 10% of the assessed households have disaster caused disability • 54% were reported as female headed household

Information and communication->Communication means and preferences


LRC's response to the explosion has been since the beginning a coordinated response integrating all departments and sectors: Emergency Medical services  ( EMS ) , Medico social services  ( MSS ) , Blood Transfusion services  ( BTS ) , and Disaster management  ( DM ) , each providing the needed relief services: first aid, primary health care and medication, PSS, temporary shelter, and food and non food items  ( food parcels, hygiene kits ) .


Overall, IFRC aims to support LRC in the response to Beirut Explosion through two modalities: deployment of specialized staff and Regional Office/Geneva staff complementing and supporting Country Office effort


Tenants fear eviction which will drastically alter the social fabric of the affected areas. There is a high risk that tenants benefitting from controlled rent will be evicted: landlords are halting restoration works, which forces tenants to relocate at a time when they are unable to cope with unfavourable housing conditions. The relocation of residents and businesses from the areas surrounding the port will pose a serious threat to the recovery process.


Informal workers fear job loss without receiving any indemnities from their employers while formal workers are aware that their end of service indemnities have lost 80% of their value. When formal workers lose their jobs they also lose their NSSF healthcare coverage unless they join the optional NSSF program during the first three months of unemployment. In general, the NSSF is grappling with staggering State  owed arrears and is facing bankruptcy in case subsidies on medication are lifted.


The recovery should rest on a participatory approach and be neighbourhood centered rather than being a blanket recovery that overlooks the specificities and uniqueness of different neighbourhoods and areas.


this report demonstrates some deterioration in specific indicators, and the high levels of vulnerabilities that both Lebanese and Syrian refugees in Lebanon are presenting.


33.8K 1 CASES OF DENGUE ACROSS HONDURAS THROUGH 28 JULY


8.8K 2 CASES OF DENGUE ACROSS EL SALVADOR THROUGH 25 JULY


Situación Epidemiológica de Dengue hasta la Semana Epidemiológica 30 Dengue Total de casos: 42,346 casos acumulados 32,553 corresponden a Dengue Sin Signos de Alarma 9,793 dengue grave.


El dengue, provocado por el mosquitoaedes aegypti, afecta fundamentalmente a los departamentos de Atlántida, Cortés, Yoro y Santa Bárbara, donde se registran el 80 por ciento de los decesos e infecciones por la enfermedad.


las redes comunitarias  que maneja el orteguismo  realizaron a a 52,934 «visitas de fortalecimiento de la lucha antiepidémica», con lo que acumularían un total de 111,788 visitas.


Acciones realizadas: 1. A través de medios de comunicación, recomendar a la población: a. Ante la sospecha de Dengue, no auto medicarse y acudir al médico inmediatamente. b. Apoyar las actividades de la Secretaría de Salud dirigidas a la eliminación de zancudos voladores y huevos y larvas en la vivienda. c. Eliminar criaderos de zancudos a través de limpieza de pilas y barriles, destruir recipientes como tapaderas de refrescos, utensilios que puedan constituirse en criaderos. d. Promocionar limpieza de patios y solares baldíos. e. Promocionar lavar pilas y barriles, aplicando la estrategia de la Untadita, y posteriormente, cubrir con un plástico transparente.


"Estamos convencidos de lascampañas educativasy lo que podría hacer la comunidad educativa frente a este desafío, va a tener impactos positivos y toda la semana se estarán realizando una serie de acciones coordinadas con el Ministerio deSalud, con todos los SILAIS para contribuir desde la educación a la lucha contra eldengue", explicó Salvador Vanegas, ministro asesor de la presidencia en temas educativos. Además, se realizarán ilustraciones sobre el tema y los docentes tendrán la tarea de transmitir a las familias lasmedidas preventivas contra el dengue.


Fallecimientos Hasta la semana epidemiológica 29, se han procesado muestras de 150 muertes sospechosas de fueron confirmadas por laboratorio.


Casos de dengue reportados solo SE  29 Sin signos de alarma Dengue Grave Casos acumulados de todas las SE de la 1 29 26,178 Dengue sin signos de alarma Dengue Grave 8662


Eva Rivera, jefa de Gestión Clínica del Mario Rivas, informó que a la semana están ingresando hasta 550 pacientes, lo que hace que las cifras sean alarmantes en comparación con años anteriores.


Conversely, health officials in Guatemala, who have declared a red alert over dengue, and El Salvador have said that their healthcare infrastructures currently have sufficient response capacity.


.“Estamos operando con mucho esfuerzo, los insumos que eran para un año ya se han agotado'.


se han realizado 388 mil 715 visitas a hogares y familias a partir de la alerta,


A siete meses de 2019, los casos sospechosos de dengue sobrepasan las cifras de personas afectadas por fiebre a causa de la enfermedad que hubotodo 2018, año en que murieron ocho personas: una adulta y siete niños.


Ante el aumento de los casos de infección, loscentros de saludresultan insuficientes para atender a los miles de enfermos que llegan a las instalaciones.


Hasta ahora las muertes por dengue confirmadas por laboratorio suman 59, de los cuales, alrededor del 80% son niños. Casi un centenar de casos están en proceso de investigación.


laOrganización Panamericana de la Salud ( OPS )  sobre eldengue, hasta la tercera semana de julio pasadoNicaraguaregistró49 929 casos positivos, lo que la ubicó únicamente por detrás de Colombia  ( 65.149 )  y Brasil  ( 1,3 millones ) .


PAHO/WHO is providing technical support for the Ministry of Health and supporting with virology diagnostic supplies for dengue, chikungunya and Zika, patient management guidelines and epidemiological analysis. Oxfam is supporting municipal authorities with fumigation campaigns and WASH supplies in schools. Save the Children is supporting 11 municipalities with existing Zika programs.


Las últimas cifras de la epidemia del dengue siguen colocando a los menores de entre 5 y 9 años como los más vulnerables.


El ingreso masivode infectados ha colapsado 26 hospitales públicos de Honduras,


In the Region of the Americas, between epidemiological week  ( EW )  1 and EW 301 of 2019, a total of 2,029,342 cases of dengue  ( 207.9 cases per 100,000 population )  have been reported, including 723 deaths. Of the total cases, 846,342  ( 42% )  were laboratory confirmed and 12,268  ( 0.6% )  were classified as severe dengue. The reported case fatality rate was 0.04%. The number of cases reported as of EW 30  ( 2,029,342 )  is higher than the annual totals reported during the most recent two years  ( 2017 2018 )  and, to date, is lower than the annual totals reported during the 2015 2016 epidemic cycle  ( Figure 1 ) . In 2019, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua have declared epidemiological alerts at the national level as public health measures for the prevention and control of dengue and other arboviruses.


Los principales sectores de trabajo de las personas que se encuentran realizando algún tipo de actividad laboral son el comercio  ( 42,5% ) , el sector alimenticio  ( 12,5% )  y el sector de la belleza  ( 7,5% ) . Un menor porcentaje de personas trabaja en el rubro de la construcción  ( 5% ) , desempeñado oficios del hogar  ( 4,5% ) , en el rubro de la mecánica de automóviles  ( 4% ) , en el sector público  ( 4% ) , en el sector manufacturero e industria  ( 4% ) , en el rubro de los servicios  ( 3,5% )  o realizando la limpieza de parabrisas  ( 3% ) .


La gran mayoría de personas venezolanas encuestadas que llega a Bolivia viaja por vía terrestre  ( 94,7% ) , mientras que solo el 5,3% viaja por vía aérea. La ruta migratoria que utiliza la mayor parte de las personas es la que recorre Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú antes de llegar a Bolivia. También existe un porcentaje menor de personas que pasa por Bolivia para llegar a Chile y posteriormente retorna.

boliv ecuador chile colombia colombia bolivia chile


El 7% de las personas encuestadas indicó que trabajó en contra de su voluntad durante su viaje. De ellas, el 46% señaló que esto sucedió en Bolivia, el 43% dijo que sucedió en Perú y el 11% mencionó que sucedió en Colombia.


42 de los 397 encuestados  ( 10.6% )  informaron haber sufrido algún tipo de violencia desde que llegaron a Bolivia o se encontraron con alguien que sufrió. Para estas personas, el cuestionario presentó preguntas adicionales para que fuera posible conocer el tipo de violencia. Los resultados se presentan en los siguientes gráficos  ( la respuesta, igual que todas las demás, era voluntaria )


Para el año 2019 reportaron 17,243 venezolanos que ingresaron al territorio nacional portando un documento válido de identificación, de los cuales 405 solicitaron refugio, 57 obtuvieron dicha condición, quedando acumuladas 185 solicitudes de al menos 600 personas.


Derechos de los migrantes extranjeros  ( Art. 12.II Ley 370 ) : 1. A la migración sobre la base de los principios de igualdad, universalidad y reciprocidad. 2. A la salud, derechos sexuales y reproductivos. 3. A un hábitat y vivienda adecuada. 4. Al trabajo, a la seguridad social, a los servicios y prestaciones sociales básicas; a ejercer una actividad remunerada por cuenta propia o ajena, de acuerdo a lo previsto en esta Ley. 5. Al acceso a una enseñanza básica y superior. 6. A la petición individual o colectiva, oral o escrita para obtener una respuesta pronta y oportuna. 7. A la libertad de residencia, permanencia y circulación en todo el territorio boliviano, en el marco del ordenamiento jurídico. 8. A la reunificación familiar con sus padres, cónyuges, hijos dependientes o hijos mayores con discapacidad. 9. A sufragar en las elecciones municipales conforme a normativa específica. 10. A pedir y recibir refugio, en el marco del ordenamiento jurídico, de los tratados y convenios internacionales ratificados por el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. 11. A la libertad de pensamiento, espiritualidad, religión y culto. 12. A expresar y difundir libremente pensamientos u opiniones. 13. A acceder a la información conforme a Ley. 14. A establecer y formar parte de asociaciones con las limitaciones establecidas en la Constitución Política del Estado, las leyes y la normativa vigente. 15. A que se prevenga la violencia de género y situaciones de vulnerabilidad que pueda sufrir la mujer por su condición de migrante.


Resolución 274: otorgará vigencia durante dos  ( 2 )  años a pasaportes y cédulas venezolanas que hayan vencido de marzo de 2018 en adelante. Por aprobarse.


• Pago de tarifas de luz y agua por parte del Gobierno que beneficiar a más de 2 millones de usuarios.


According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR ) , the number of asylum seekers has increased in the past years, from five in 2016, to 147 in 2017, 407 in 2018 and 406 in 2019.82 Although Aruba, through the Kingdom of the Netherlands, has signed on to the United Nations 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, the island has not established legislation to enforce these international obligations; however, the government has identified this as a need and expressed its intention to establish and implement a refugee law in the near future.


the labour market's growth estimates do not adequately cover the informal economy, which have likely grown since 2016 as a result of the increased migration flows from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; these migrants primarily came to work in the island's informal economy due to their irregular status


The population of Aruba has experienced a significant population growth since the late 1980's. In the light of a stable mortality rate and fertility rate, this demographic shift is largely due to  ( labor )  immigrations, mostly from Spanish speaking nations in the region. The present labor force of Aruba is characterized by a relatively large percentage of migrant workers. At the time of the 2010 Census, almost every second economically active person  ( 44.3% )  was not born in Aruba and half  ( 51.1% )  of the foreign born economically active population did not have the Dutch nationality


By 31 December, Aruba had a total of 5,489 COVID 19 cases, 291 active cases and 49 deaths.


Also, the Minister of Justice visited a building to be renewed for use by the Police and Immigration departments, highlighting focussed efforts on Aruba's frontier protection. Additionally, the government announced that from the 15 Jan 2021 visas will be required for Venezuelans entering Dutch Caribbean islands.