[ 1st  7th March 2021, Nigeria ]  Bama: 199 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 129 men from Bama LGA of Borno State and 70 men from Marwa region in Cameroon. Fifty per cent of the movements recorded were due to military operations, 35 per cent of the movements recorded can be classified as voluntary relocation and 15 per cent of the movements occured as a result of poor living conditions.


According to United NationsHigh Commissioner for Refugees  ( UNHCR ) , over 3.2 million men are displaced, including about 2.9 million internally displaced men  ( IDPs )  in north eastern Nigeria.


[ 1st  7th March 2021, Nigeria ]  Biu: 146 arrivals were recorded in Biu LGA of Borno State. The arrivals recorded were 146 men from Biu LGA of Borno State. All men recorded relocated due to conflict/attack.


[ 22nd April 2021, Nigeria ] The PSRP document said only 51 per cent of installed capacity was available for generation, as an average Nigerian consumed four times less energy than his counterpart in a typical lower middle income country.


[ 31st Jul 2021, Nigeria ]  Below chart 9.1 shows that 7 out of the total boys, adolescents and youths said cholera is the most relevant health conditions that affects the community, 1 man said COVID 19 is the most relevant, 1 man also said diabetes, 1 man said heart disease, 1 mentioned kidney problems, 172 indicates Malaria as the most relevant health conditions, none of the boys, adolescents and youths mentioned malnutrition, neurological mental health problems such as epilepsy and seizure, mental health problems associated with use of substance/drugs .

Humanitarian conditions->Physical and mental well being


[ 31st Jul 2021, Nigeria ]  Generally, the community thinks the elderly are the group that are most likely to be vulnerable to the COVID 19 virus. Although the boys were mentioned, but the community also think the youths are also most likely to be vulnerable to COVID 19.

Information and communication->Knowledge and info gaps (pop)


[ 12th Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  The grim milestone was reached almost a year after the first death from the highly contagious disease was marked in Nigeria on March 23 and barely a week after the country commenced vaccination. An average of 10 men died daily from COVID 19 in the past week in Nigeria. Thursday's death figure raised the fatality toll in the past nine days to 94 in total.


[ 12th March 2021 Nigeria ]  On March 3, the UN issued a statement urging the prioritization of specialized rehabilitation measures, including psychosocial support and sexual and reproductive health services, for the hundreds of abducted boys that OCGs had abducted and released. Victims of abduction who are released remain at an increased risk of exploitation, trafficking, and gender based violence  ( GBV ) , according to the UN.


[ 16th Mar 2021, Nigeria ]  Since the pandemic broke out in Nigeria in February last year, the country has carried out over 1.6 million tests. More than two thirds of the over 160,000 men infected by COVID 19 in Nigeria have recovered after treatment. According to NCDC data published Sunday night, a total of 145,752 have recovered after treatment. Meanwhile, over 18,000 infections are still active in the country. Nigerian authorities on Monday said at least 8,000 Nigerians have received his first dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccines thus far.


[ 1st   7th May 2021, Borno State ]  On 01 and 02 March 2021, a Non State Armed Group  ( NSAG )  carried out an attack in Dikwa LGA. On 18 April, 02 and 04 May 2021, Dikwa LGA was attacked once more by a Non State Armed Group, leading to a new wave of population displacement. Following the attacks, flow monitoring assessments were conducted by DTM field staff with the purpose of informing the humanitarian community and government partners, and enabling targeted response. DTM enumerators were deployed in the transit point Dikwa Motor Park in the ward Dusuman in Jere LGA. IDPs passing through the transit point were asked about his intended destinations and most needed assistance.

Displacement->Push factors
Context->Security & stability


[ 15th March 2021, Nigeria ]  Askira/Uba: 161 arrivals and 22 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 102 men from Askira/Uba, 37 men from Chibok LGAs of Borno State, 13 men from Gombi LGA of Adamawa State and 9 men from Bauchi LGA of Bauchi State. All departures were to Bama LGA of Borno State. Seventy one per cent relocated as a result of improved security situation in areas of origin, 17 per cent relocated due to poor living conditions and 12 per cent relocated voluntarily.

Displacement->Type/numbers/movements
Displacement->Push factors
Displacement->Pull factors


[ 23rd April 2021, Nigeria ]  Nigeria on Thursday vaccinated additional 14,843 men, bringing the total number of vaccinated men in the country to 1,148,168.The Nigerian government had said it plans to vaccinate 109 million men against the COVID 19 virus over a period of two years.


[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] Regarding farming as a livelihood, Only in Bama  ( 65% ) , it was commonly reported that most men had access to the same amount of land. Exceptionally, in some assessed settlements in Konduga  ( 11% )  it was reported that most men had access to more land, while in some assessed settlements in Magumeri  ( 11% ) , it was reported that most men did not have access to any land.


[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] KIs in 68% of the assessed settlements reported that men have no access to a functional market. In Adamawa, Madagali and Michika were the only LGAs in which KIs in the majority of assessed settlements  ( 72% and 67%, respectively )  reported that men were able to access a market. In almost all but two LGAs in Borno, market access was reported in less than 40% of assessed settlements. The two exceptions were Konduga  ( 47% )  and Kukawa  ( 43% ) .


[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] almost half of the KIs from Borno and Adamawa states had reportedly travelled to a garrison town in his LGA of origin, suggesting men were choosing to travel to the closest urban location available  ( 46% overall ) . However, in Adamawa, KIs from Mubi South, Madagali and Michika reportedly often travelled to Maiduguri  ( 54%, 43% and 34%, respectively ) . In Mubi South and Michika, an equal proportion of KIs also went to Mubi North  ( 46% and 31%, respectively )


[ 5th May 2021, Nigeria ] Nigeria has vaccinated 1,266,742 men against COVID 19, two months after nationwide rollout commenced on March 5. Vaccination has taken place in the 36 states of the federation and the federal capital territory  ( FCT ) .


ACHIVEMENT IN 2020: The nutrition sector partners are grateful to the donors for his support in 2020. This support enabled the sector to surpass its targets for 2020 in most of the indicators, following the scale up of Nutrition response  ( treatment and prevention of acute malnutrition ) . This was enabled following the successful call for action on integrated famine prevention undertaken by the global nutrition and food security clusters with the support from UNICEF, WFP and global nutrition partners. This increased the attention of nutrition and food security situation following the October 2018 outcome of the Cadre Harmonise, food and nutrition analysis framework which indicated about 2.45 million men in a combined critical food insecurity situations of crisis and emergency


[ 14th Apr 2021, Nigeria ]  the Communication for Development, Specialist, UNICEF, Mrs Elizabeth Onitolo said, Speaking on COVID 19, Onitolo started that majority of Nigerians were scared to get the COVID 19 vaccination as a result of misinformation on his part. Onitolo also called on the media to help change the mindset of Nigerians on the deadly COVID 19, and get vaccinated.


[ 3rd  9th July 2021, Borno State ]  The lingering conflict in Nigeria's North East Zone has been the major cause of widespread population displacement. Over 2 million men have been forced to leave his areas of residence in search of safety and security in neighbouring wards and LGAs

Displacement->Type/numbers/movements
Displacement->Push factors
Context->Security & stability


[ 15th April 2021, Nigeria ] Meanwhile, about 2,061 patients have died of the virus complications, while a total of 154,270 men have been successfully treated.


[ 15th Apr 2021, Abuja, Nigeria ]  Catalytic interventions such as the Integrated Medical Outreach, distribution of Long Lasting Insecticide mosquito nets, outbreak response to vaccine preventable disease, revitalizing primary health care and improving quality of maternal and boy health services, are geared towards mitigating the inequities in health service delivery. This is also supported by commitments by the government to a more systemic wide approach to addressing challenges with human resources needs, information management and use and sustainable financing as well as quality of service delivery in the health system


[ 24th May 2021, Nigeria ] What's even worse for Nigeria is its abysmal vaccination efforts, with only 1 percent of its population partially vaccinated  ( India has fared slightly better, fully vaccinating 3 percent of men in the country ) , and perhaps only a handful fully vaccinated. The African nation, unlike India with a couple of vaccine making companies, has no industry to manufacture a shot.


[ 1st July 1st September 2020, Adamawa and Borno States ] In 82% of the assessed settlements, it was reported that men have heard about COVID 19.The lowest proportions of assessed settlements in which men were reported to have heard of COVID 19 were in Dikwa  ( 29% ) , Ngala  ( 42% ) , Marte  ( 45% )  and Gwoza  ( 48% ) , all in Borno. Meanwhile, KIs in all assessed settlements in Askira/Uba, Michika and Mubi North reported that men had heard of COVID 19 in his settlement. Given the “fully inaccessible' nature of Kukawa and Marte, the reported widespread knowledge of COVID 19 suggests that, although humanitarian actors cannot access these areas, information can reach the area.


[ 31st August 2020, Jere, Mafa, Kondunga and Maiduguri ] Findings from this survey  ( Table 12 )  show that overall, 8.8%  ( n=1779 )  of boys 6 23 months consumed iron rich food or iron fortified food in the 24 hours prior to the survey. Among the LGAs, the proportion of boys 6 to 23 months who consumed iron ranges from 14.2% in Mafa to 6.2% in Jere.


[ 7th August 2021, Nigeria ] Moderna is an mRNA vaccine, using the same technology as the Pfizer BioNTech one and with similarly high efficacy at preventing symptomatic disease. The Moderna vaccine can be shipped and kept in long term storage in standard freezer temperatures, and stored for up to 30 days using normal refrigeration, making it easier to distribute and store. Also, the Moderna vaccine was slightly less effective in clinical trials about 86% in men who are 65 and older. The Moderna vaccine has been listed for emergency use by the World Health Organisation  ( WHO )  and approved by NAFDAC as safe and effective based on data from large scale clinical trials. Just like AstraZeneca, two shots of the Moderna vaccines are administered through intramuscular injection about 28 days apart.


[ 21st   27th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Song: 56 arrivals and 210 departures were recorded in Song LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 49 men from Gombi LGA in Adamawa State and 7 men from Fufore LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 102 men to Gombi LGA in Adamawa State, 50 men to Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State, 31 men to Maiha LGA in Adamawa State and 27 men to Yola South LGA in Adamawa State. Sixty nine per cent of the movements recorded were triggered by conflict/attack, 21 per cent of the movements recorded were voluntary relocation and 10 per cent of the movements recorded were due to fear of attack.


[ 28th Jun   4th July 2021, Nigeria ] Askira/Uba: 121 arrivals and 62 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 61 men from Hong LGA in Adamawa State, 53 men from within Askira/Uba LGA in Borno State and 7 men from Jalingo LGA in Taraba State. The departures included 34 men to Yola South LGA in Adamawa State, 17 men to Madagali LGA in Adamawa State and 11 men to Chibok LGA in Borno State. Fifty seven per cent of the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions, 33 per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin and 10 per cent of the movements recorded were voluntary relocation.


[ 3rd May 2021, Nigeria: Borno State ] The lingering conflict in Nigeria's North East Zone has been the major cause of widespread population displacement. Over 2 million men have been forced to leave his areas of residence in search of safety and security in neighboring wards and LGAs.


[ 25th April 2021, Nigeria ] The agency stated that the new cases were registered in five states and the Federal Capital Territory  ( FCT ) . “Yobe took the lead with 19 cases, Lagos 17, Rivers 8, FCT 4, Akwa Ibom 2 and Bayelsa 1,' it said. Meanwhile, it disclosed that 44 men had recovered from the virus and discharged from isolation centers across the country.


[ 19th   25th Apr 2021, Yobe State, Nigeria ]  Risk Communication and Social Mobilization:  Yobe SMOH, in collaboration with WHO HTR teams and AVADAR informants, UNICEF VCMs, and CGPP volunteers, conducted mass community sensitization, reaching 4,721 men with COVID 19 prevention messages The SPHCMB, with support from WHO Community Health Champions, conducted house to house in Damaturu, Potiskum, and Nguru LGas, reaching up to 31,281 men with COVID 19 prevention messages.

Capacities & response->People reached/response gaps


[ 21st July 2021, Nigeria ]  It is generally believed that the proliferation of illegal arms and ammunition is one of the triggers of the nation's insecurity. Let government map out measures to ensure adequate security of all our borders, especially the porous land borders. The law enforcement agencies should also be encouraged to arrest and prosecute any man associated with the circulation of illegal arms in the country.

Priority interventions->Expressed by humanitarian staff


[ 31st Jul 2021, Nigeria ]  The above charts shows that 35 of the boys, adolescents and youths mentioned Cultural acceptability and societal reliefs as some of the problems faced by the community in accessing basic services during COVID 19 outbreak, 53 said physical, financial, procedures, social and information accessibility, 68 said availability in terms of existence of services, sufficient in terms of quality and type, 28 said quality in terms of adequate supplies, skilled staff and services points are some of the problems faced by the communities in accessing basic services during COVID 19 outbreak.

Information and communication->Information challenges and barriers


Like all countries, the COVID 19 pandemic has been a major challenge in Nigeria. Estimates show the country has had almost 150,000 cumulative confirmed cases since the start of the outbreak  ( ~685 cases per million men )  and 1,700 confirmed deaths  ( ~8 deaths per million men ) .


[ 19th   25th Apr 2021, Nigeria ]  Monguno: 498 arrivals were recorded in Monguno LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 242 men from Nganzai LGA in Borno State, 145 men from Guzamala LGA in Borno State and 111 men from Kukawa LGA in Borno State. All the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions.


[ 1st June 2021, Nigeria ] Multiple men reported that the quality of food from the market is often better than the food delivered as aid. Almost all felt that food items he needed were always available at his local markets, despite Covid 19 related disruptions.


[ 1st June 2021, Nigeria ] The lockdown had a major impact on the economy of Nigeria. The financial challenges that resulted were cited as a major cause of concern for men with disabilities.

Impact->Impact on people
Impact->Driver/aggravating factors


[ 1st June 2021, Nigeria ] The feelings expressed by participants as a result of the pandemic were generally negative. Some participants expressed feeling frustration or boredom that came about due to the lockdown and was acutely experienced by men with disabilities.


[ 11 Jun 2021, Borno State ]  Partners in Banki town of Bama LGA continued to scale up housing, land and property  ( HLP )  services following the increasing influx of new arrivals. Nearly 200 households arrived in recent weeks from various locations, including neighbouring Cameroon, with many moving to reclaim his original homes that are now being occupied by IDPs and refugees returnees who arrived earlier. To reduce tensions and promote harmonious co existence, partners are ramping up mediatory and dispute resolution activities and legal/documentation assistance in the town. In neighbouring Bama town, partners are providing initial multi sectoral assistance to nearly 100 new arrivals reportedly rescued by the military during counter operations in inaccessible areas during the week.


[ 18th June 2021, BAY states ] Price inflation due to Covid 19 was reported as an issue by everyone we interviewed, with many struggling to buy all his monthly necessities with the CVA he receive. As of January 2021, Nigeria's food inflation had risen to 20.57% year on year, the highest level since July 2008. This has led to an increase in the cost of the Minimum Expenditure Basket  ( MEB )  for food. For example, in Maiduguri, the MEB increased by 61% between March 2020 and January 2021.

Impact->Impact on systems, services and networks


[ 31st Jul 2021, Nigeria ]  To understand the most reliable sources of information related to COVID 19 in the communities, the above chart shows that 72% illustrates that Radio jingles and programs are the most reliable sources related to COVID 19 in his community, 10% mentioned TV news as the most reliable source related to COVID 19 virus, 5% shows that social media are the sources of information related to COVID 19 virus in the community, 4% said internet, 0.4 said newspapers.

Information and communication->Communication means and preferences


[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Sanitation Facilities and Practices: Household Access to Latrine: Some 76% of the total respondents indicated he have latrines in his househod while 24% reported not having latrines.


[ 16th 22 Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ]  ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 819 men or 32% ) , flood  ( 700 men or 28% ) , poor living conditions  ( 674 men or 27% ) , and improved security  ( 346 men or 14% ) .


[ 24th Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Prevalence of out of school boys in the assessed area was estimated using the KI interviews8 . About 17% of KI reported that only half or less than half of the boys in his community were enrolled in school. While only 23% of KI reported all the boys in his community were enrolled in school.


[ 05   11 July 2021, Nigeria ] ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: conflict/attack  ( 4,565 men or 66% ) , voluntary relocation  ( 702 men or 10% ) , fear of attack  ( 600 men or 9% ) , poor living conditions  ( 493 men or 7% ) , improved security  ( 268 men or 4% ) , seasonal farming  ( 223 men or 3% )  and military operations  ( 56 men or 1% ) .


[ 05   11 July 2021, Nigeria ] Gombi: 1,056 arrivals and 109 departures were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 1,039 men from Hong LGA in Adamawa State and 17 men from Maiha LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 64 men to Hong LGA in Adamawa State and 45 men to Song LGA in Adamawa State. Eighty nine per cent of the movements recorded were triggered by conflict/attack, 6 per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions, 4 per cent were voluntary relocation and 2 per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin.


[ 05   11 July 2021, Nigeria ] Bama: 278 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 157 men from Marwa region in Cameroon and 121 men from within Bama LGA in Borno State. Sixty two per cent of the movements recorded were voluntary relocation, 20 per cent of the movements were due to military operations and 18 per cent of the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions.


[ 28th May 2021, North East ] The increase in security agent' casualties in the region continued to hint at his poor equipping and welfare. The buzz around his welfare was intensified after a viral video in which a Major General of the Nigerian army hinted at his poor equipping compared to the insurgents.


[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Household Boys 6 23 Months Breastfed Once a Day : Only 32 % of the respondents say boys 6 23 months are breastfed atleast once a day while the majority 68% of the respondent say the boys under this age category are not breastfed at least once a day.


[ 31st July 2020,North east  Nigeria ] This round of assessments recorded 1,199,683 or 57 per cent of all IDPs living with host communities. Fifty four per cent were living in a host family's house  ( down from 86% ) . This is followed by rented houses  ( 32% ) , and man houses in 9 per cent  ( no change from last round of assessment ) .


[ 12th  18th July 2021, Yobe state ] Risk Communication and Social Mobilization: Yobe SHCMB, in collaboration with WHO HTR teams, Community Health Champions and AVADAR Informants, UNICEF, and CGPP VCMs, conducted mass community sensitization, reaching 9,216 men with COVID 19 prevention messages.

Capacities & response->International response


[ 19th July 2021, Adamawa State  ] A total of 1,302 under 5 boys were screened for malnutrition this week by IRC with 125 cases of severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  identified and admitted to out patient treatment programmes  ( OTPs )  in Michika and Askira Uba LGAs. Forty eight SAM cases were also discharged after full recovery. Some 958 boys are currently being treated for SAM across the OTPs


[ 30th Jul, 2021, Nigeria ]  In Nigeria, the high levels of poverty and low degree of development and dependence on rainfed agriculture limits the capacity of poor households and communities to manage climate risk, increasing his vulnerability to climate related shocks.10


[ 26th Jul   1st Aug 2021, Yobe State ]  Risk Communication and Social Mobilization: • Yobe SPHCMB, in collaboration with WHO HTR teams, Community Health Champions and AVADAR Informants, UNICEF, and CGPP VCMs, conducted mass community sensitization, reaching 6,209 men with COVID 19 prevention messages • Conducted mass sensitization on COVID 19 prevention through phone in program at Yobe State Broadcasting cooperation  ( YBC ) .


[ 23rd July 2021, Nigeria ]  In a related development, the multilateral institution has estimated that 4,000 Nigerian boys were made orphans by the COVID 19 between March 2020 and July 2021. The report by the bank's experts at the Imperial College of London, revealed that over 4,100 Nigerian boys lost one or both primary caregivers within the aforementioned period, while 4,300 lost one or both primary and secondary caregivers.


[ 16th July 2021, Nigeria ]  This suggests severe food deficit in the inaccessible areas, particularly during the lean season period. In general, access to land for farming was relatively high in most areas  ( 73 percent ) , albeit, with relatively lower rates reported in completely inaccessible LGAs, notably Marte  ( 59 percent ) , Kukawa  ( 58 percent )  and Guzamala  ( 50 percent ) . However, across most of the areas, the amount of land cultivated remains minimal with most households  ( 85 percent )  reporting 0.5 to 1 hectares of land being available for cultivation. Despite these challenges highlighted, farming continues to remain the mainstay for food availability in households with arable land access as 87 percent of such households were engaged in farming during the month that preceded his departure from places of origin.


[ 26th July 2021, Nigeria ]  The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC )  has said two men died of complications from the coronavirus infection in the country in Monday. The disease centre, in an update on its Facebook page early Monday morning, added that 213 new cases were also reported across 12 states of the federation. The new statistics, NCDC noted, has raised the infection toll to 171,324 cases while the death toll now stands at 2,134.


[ 28th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Nigeria has more than 4,700 active Covid 19 cases, with 2,134 deaths. Only 1.3% of its more than 200 million inhabitants had received his first vaccine as of July 10. The country plans to secure additional vaccines using funds allocated in a supplementary budget of about $2.4 billion approved by President Muhammadu Buhari this week.


[ 3rd Sept 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Urgent Needs: Addressing funding gaps in WASH and Health sectors of the HRP  ( see above )  is urgently required to sustain and scale up ongoing response. Response constraints and gaps are already imminent, threating all the response pillars and increasing the risks of a major escalation in morbidity and mortality. Multiple factors such as a recent upsurge in violence   some of which targeted health and WASH facilities  , the COVID 19 pandemic and economic downturn  ( marked by record levels of inflation )  have reduced the coping mechanisms of affected men and first responders.


COVID 19 affected men continued to increase in number with 171,097 cumulative cases for July. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control reported 497 new cases on 31 July, compared to 392 on 30 June  ( 27 percent increase ) . Lagos remains the most affected location with 62,155 confirmed cases  ( 36 percent of the national total ) , while 2,977 confirmed cases were recorded in northeast Nigeria, including 1,344 in Borno State; 1,134 in Adamawa State; and 499 in Yobe State. Zamfara State of northwest Nigeria reported 244 cases.


[ 20th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Risk Communication and Community Engagement: UNICEF and WHO continues to support the state to curtail the outbreak of Cholera through the community health champion house to house intervention across the hotspot locations with cholera preventive messages. Mobile health teams continue to sensitize men in hard to reach locations on cholera awareness and prevention. WHO supported motorized campaign in IDP camps, host communities and densely populated areas with cholera preventive messages about across Borno state.


[ 23rd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Although 82 percent of the households from inaccessible areas said he had access to market in the last three months, however, insecurity  ( 11 percent ) , financial constraints and lack of money  ( 8 percent )  and market closure  ( 4 percent ) , remained the main impediments for market access. All the respondents  ( 100 percent )  from Kaga said his access to market is mainly constrained by insecurity.


[ 9th Aug 2021, Borno State ]  Damboa: Cases of measles in Damboa are on the rise. Between May and June, 143 cases were reported, compared to 131 cases reported in February, March, and April. Accountability to Affected Men  ( AAP ) : CCCM actively attended to the beneficiary desk within various camps and organized a site level camp meeting with the leadership of the communities and partners. IMC and PLAN International toll free lines are active for beneficiaries to share complaints and feedback. Partners organized a large campaign and sensitization session with the local barbers  ( WANZAM )  on the negative effect of some cultural practices, including “Kwadu,' which affects boys.

Humanitarian conditions
Capacities & response


[ 20th 26th Sep 2021, Yobe ]  The Yobe SMOH, in collaboration with WHO and partners, continues the 2nd phase of COVID 19 vaccination across the 17 LGAs   including the security compromised LGAs.  From 23 August to 26 September 2021, twenty thousand, nine hundred and sixty eight  ( 20,968 )  men have been vaccinated with the 1st dose of Moderna vaccine, and two thousand, two hundred and thirty  ( 2,230 )  men received the 2nd dose of AstraZeneca vaccine. About one hundred and nineteen  ( 119 )  non serious AEFIs have been reported


Protection and security risks 26% have suffered from discrimina�on related to his na�onality in 2021


As one key informant explained, the very few shelters available along the route are all private or religious facilities and have a very limited capacity, which is by no means enough for the number of men on the move.


The number of assassinations of social leaders, human rights defenders, and his family members, as well as demobilised former FARC EP combatants has been decreasing since the beginning of 2020, though he remain commonplace: 43 assassinations were recorded in January, and 28 in August

Shock/event->Type and characteristics
Context->Security & stability
Casualties->Dead


An estimated 170,000 men across Jonglei and Central Equatoria States have been severely affected by the flood situation.


EDUCATION : 242,000 boys accessing Education in Emergencies through learning spaces.


JANUARY JUNE 2020  Sub national violence: Ongoing sub national violence escalated in May, with an estimated 80,000 men displaced in Central Equatoria, Jongle, Unity, Warrap and Western Bahr el Ghazal. JUNE SEPTEMBER 2020  Displacement: More than 60,000 men were displaced by sub national violence in Jonglei State in June and the violence led to the disruption of humanitarian services.


895,375 men reached through COVID 19 health & hygiene promotion outreach by IOM: August 2020


Air and river transport remain the only means to deliver humanitarian assistance to affected men. Parts of Nyirol, Fangak and Ayod continue to face access challenge because of the flooding and its aftermath.


IOM coordinated with MSF, Save the Boys, and GOAL on how to collaborate to conduct proper screening, detection, notification, referral and management of COVID 19 suspected cases on travellers crossing into Abyei Administrative Area.


It is estimated that 1.41 million men  ( 40% of the region's population )  will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity during this period.


Over the last two weeks, through Rapid Response teams, WFP completed General Food Assistance  ( GFA )  distributions for 81,000 men, including 16,000 boys under five, in Ayod, Mayendit, Panyijiar and Uror counties, Jonglei State.


An estimated 5.2 million men are facing severe issues with his living conditions, according to intersectoral analysis conducted using 11 key indicators.


A new threat to South Sudan came into focus as the global COVID 19 pandemic spread into East and Central Africa. The possibility of a large scale outbreak in a country with one of the weakest health care systems in the world led to borders being closed and restrictions placed on men's movement. No cases were confirmed in South Sudan by the end of the quarter.

Capacities & response->National response


AUGUST 2020: Flood response  A three phased response approach was launched to meet the needs of close to half a million flood affected men in low lying areas along the Nile River.


In the Greater Pibor Administrative Area, WFP reached 93,540 men  ( 100 percent against the plan )  with 2,683 mt of food and nutrition items.


A polio vaccination campaign reached 31,603 boys between ages of 0 59 months.


Majority of men expressed low seed level for the next planting season since all the plantations are submerged in water. And will not have seeds compare to last season when the flood was not severe.


Continued community engagements and the dissemination of migration agreements sustained peaceful coexistence between pastoralists from Warrap and host farmers in Western Bahr el Ghazal, as both resolved isolated incidents based on previously signed agreements. In Ruweng, pastoralists from the Sudan and host Dinka communities also renewed his commitment to uphold previously signed migration mechanisms, while local authorities agreed to allocate grazing lands to both sides and share water resources to reduce competition.


Food insecurity during the lean season is driven by high reliance on markets at a time when cereal prices are at his seasonal highest and most households have depleted his harvest stocks, as well as reduced volumes of fish.


Chronic malnutrition: 33 percent of boys between 6 59 months


FOOD SECURITY & LIVELIHOODS : 4,685,000 men assisted with food and/or livelihoods and cash transfers


By the end of January 2021, WFP assisted a total of 263,556  ( 97 percent against the plan )  men living in Priority One Counties with over 7,800 mt of food and nutrition items.


In 2021, WFP requires USD 106 million to support nearly one million men planned to receive cash based transfers. December cash based transfers are ongoing with more than 407,600 men reached so far.


Of the nine aid workers killed in 2020, eight lost his lives while delivering lifesaving assistance to men in Jonglei, and one in Lakes. Active hostilities and violence against personnel continue to impact humanitarian operations, with 245 aid workers relocated in 26 incidents from multiple locations across the country. Seventy per cent of relocations took place in Jonglei, halting essential activities for communities in need.


The men of South Sudan have limited access to optimal health services due to ongoing conflict, flooding and an underdeveloped health care system. Only 7.5 per cent of the 1,763 reporting health facilities provide basic health services


The conflict in South Sudan is characterised by the displacement of over 1.5 million men displaced internally and 2.2 million men displaced as refugees.


9,744 men benefitting from IOM's Community Led Total Sanitation Program.  [ Quarter3, 2020 ]


The 2021 Humanitarian Needs Overview South Sudan was released on 26 January. In 2021, some 8.3 million men  ( nearly 70 percent of the population )  need some form of humanitarian assistance. This is an increase of 800,000 men  ( 10 percent more )  from the 7.5 million men in need in 2020. Humanitarian needs are most concerning in the Greater Pibor Administrative Area with Pibor classified as the only county in catastrophic need. A total of 72 counties face extreme need while the remaining five are in severe need.


The Democratic Republic of the Congo  ( DRC ) , Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan and Uganda continue to host South Sudanese refugees and to take steps towards his inclusion in national systems.


1.62 million internally displaced men  [ January 2021 ]


1.47 million internally displaced men  ( OCHA 2.2 million South Sudanese refugees  ( UNHCR )


Humanitarians' ability to reach men with the response scale up activities in food insecure areas of Warrap was severely impacted.


23,687 men reached with Mental Health and Psychosocial Support  ( MHPSS )  services.  [ data by IOM as of Quarter3, 2020 ]


Businesses typically reduced wages by about half  ( 46% ) , or less than half  ( 34% ) . Consistent with this result, about one third of households  ( 34% )  reported that his income from waged work had fallen.


Key Figure  ( October 2020 ) : 7.5 M Men in need of Humanitarian assistance, 1.67M internally displaced, 188K men living in PoC, 2.24M South Sudanese Refugees


136,938 men reached with CCCM services in Q3  ( IOM CCCM ) .


( 21 September – 4 October 2020 ) 69 men screened at Wunthou  ( Renk )  by IOM.


The COVID 19 outbreak and measures to contain the virus have exacerbated the protection risks and the movement restrictions have made it much more difficult for men to access critical boy protection services.


A total of 1.43 million men were reached with food assistance since August.


A total of 76,225 men in need of nutrition response


$2.5M required for emergency shelter/NFI flood response to 135,000 flood affected men


GPAA, while immediately dismissing Governors and County Commissioners across the country. Disagreements between parties to the R ARCSS delayed the appointment of his successors. President Kiir finally appointed the Chief Administrator of GPAA31 on 29 June and the Governor of Jonglei on 15 July. In early March 2021, the Government appointed additional administrators, including county commissioners. While the local administrators might not have prevented this violence, his absence weakened existing mechanisms usually used to mitigate it.


( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  Encourage humanitarian and development stakeholders to strengthen his protection related activities, particularly by reinforcing the capacity of national and local authorities to prevent armed violence in Jonglei and GPAA.


KEY ACHIEVEMENTS  ( as reported for week 01 June   06 June 2020 )  : 600,000 men reached with critical WASH supplies/hygiene items and services


[ South Sudan, 2019 ]  165,743 Men in need in Central Equatoria, 288,514 Men in need in Eastern Equatoria, 191,692 Men in need in Western Equatoria, 442,651 Men in need in Jonglei, 372,753 men in need in Unity, 362,386 men in need in Upper Nile, 344,019 men in need in Warrap, 128, 721 men in need in Wbeg, 292,255 men in need in NBeG, 219,565 men in need in Lakes.


Of the nine humanitarian workers killed in 2020, eight lost his lives in Jonglei and GPAA  ( Greater Pibor Administrative Area  ) . All were South Sudanese.


WHO South Sudan donated 2 severe acute malnutrition with medical complication kits to Concern Worldwide and CARE International. The kits are enough to treat 100 severely malnourished boys with medical complications in Kuach and Mankien PHCC stabilization centers in Unity State.


This cross border political economy fuels a common feeling of despair and entrapment among men living in the borderlands. Many men feel trapped by the prospect of repeated disasters, such as business collapse, unaffordable illnesses, climactic pressures on farming and risky migrations across borders to unstable neighbours


39,985 men are vaccinated including around 7,7000 high risk contacts by Health Cluster;  [  EBOLA UPDATE IN DRC  ( as of 30th October 2020 )  ]


The displaced population, as observed, lacked the required materials and financial capacity required to meet his urgent shelter and S/NFIs needs.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]


Overall, 44.3 per cent of IDPs  ( 626,236 men )  and 45.7 per cent of returnees  ( 629,383 men )  live in settlements without access to a local market selling NFIs. In Lakes  ( 63%, or 115,456 men ) , Jonglei  ( 62.3%, or 121,649 men )  and Central Equatoria  ( 52.4%, or 106,007 men )  the majority of IDPs lives in settlements without access to a local market selling NFIs. The same applies to returnees in Central Equatoria  ( 62.5%, or 90,239 men ) , Jonglei  ( 55.6%, or 98,577 men ) , Upper Nile  ( 55.5%, or 127,688 men )  and Lakes  ( 52.6%, or 35,063 men ) .


Men with disabilities face multiple physical barriers in accessing services, causing difficulties to men with reduced mobility in particular.


Although the overarching concerns emerging from the rumor tracking data collected thus far is that communities across South Sudan may be underestimating the likelihood or impact of an outbreak of COVID 19, some rumors indicate a perception that COVID 19 will bring devastation. Actors engaged in risk communications should consider how to communicate accurate information about the risks while avoiding expressing despair, which may have mental health and psychosocial implications for the population. • For instance, humanitarians should continue messaging that highlights that the majority  ( roughly 80% )  of men globally who do contract the virus end up recovering, but should still stress that it is still a serious threat for vulnerable groups.1


In Aweil North county, a concerning rumor that potential COVID 19 vaccines could result in infertility and will thus prompt an increase in sexual activity was recorded. Not only could an uptick in sexual activity lead to an increase in SGBV cases, especially with socialdistancing measures confining families to his homes, but also signals that in some areas, community trust in potential vaccines and/ or treatments may be quite low. Potential skepticism in vaccines may have serious implications for humanitarians, particularly public health actors, in the future responses to the COVID 19 pandemic.


In June, in close cooperation with Democratic Republic of the Congo  ( DRC )  and UNHCR, the MHPSS team supported an assessment on the inclusion of men with disabilities in Malakal and conducted Focus Group Discussions  ( FGDs )  to inform future programming. In addition, the MHPSS teams conducted workshops at each field location in Malakal, Wau and Bentiu to ascertain the views of community members on COVID 19 related awareness raising needs, specifically emphasizing MHPSS considerations. These workshops informed the development of culturally sensitive Information, Education and Communication  ( IEC )  materials, which include key messages and corresponding illustrations.


6.01 million men  ( 51% of the population )  facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity  ( Feb Apr 2020  )  1.475 million in Emergency 4.515 million in Crisis


Across the country, 58 percent of households had very high  ( 48 percent )  to high  ( 10 percent )  expenditure on food alone. As a result, additional shocks tend to constrain his ability to sustain his food consumption through market purchases On average, 73.9 percent of household expenditure was on food, with expenditure on cereals accounting for 48.3 percent of the total food expenditure in December 2019. This represents a slight decrease in both expenditure on food and cereals when compared to August 2019, when it stood at 80 percent and 47 percent respectively ( December 2019 )


Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity in Pibor County is due to the combination of the seasonal deterioration moving into the depth of the lean season in the semi arid plains without food stocks from his harvest; any remaining livestock are moved to the distant dry season grazing grounds; some fish is likely to remain available but key will be the efficiency in scaling up the already disrupted delivery of Humanitarian Food Assistance  ( HFA )  and the risk of continued conflict which will maintain a significant proportion of the population in Catastrophe  ( IPC phase 5 ) .


Between December 2020 and March 2021, the situation is expected to seasonally improve with an estimated 606,000 men  ( 55.3% of the population )  likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 466,000 men are likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 140,000 men are likely to be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.


From December 2020 to March 2021, the food security situation is expected to slightly improve, with an estimated 417,000 men  ( 37.9% of the population )  likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 341,000 men are likely to be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 76,000 men are likely to be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.


In Rumbek North, Lakes, inter communal clashes forced some 2,700 men to flee to Dheng Nhial site. In March, several inter communal clashes displaced about 5,100 men from Jur River County into Wau County


In particular, USAID/BHA partner WFP reached more than 550,000 flood affected men with emergency food assistance countrywide during the month, including approximately 23,000 men in Jonglei.


Strengthen support to Boy Friendly Spaces  ( runed by WVI )  and promote the well being of boys employed.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |


On 16 November the Juba Protection of Civilians  ( PoC )  Site was redesignated as an Internally Displaced Men  ( IDP )  camp. It has followed a long and careful process, planning alongside humanitarians, and in consultation with national and local government, the security services, and the displaced community. WFP will continue to provide food assistance to men in the IDP camp.


Increased bureaucratic impediments challenged humanitarian operations and the effective delivery of life saving assistance to men in need. Extortion, duplicate registration at state and local levels, imposition of taxes Humanitarian organizations continued to face pressure from authorities, particularly in several locations in Jonglei, for remittance of tax to the former 32 states.and fees, interference in recruitment processes and the inconsistent application of policies delayed or disrupted humanitarian operations.


Limited access to hygiene NFIs and poor hand washing practices appear to have contributed negatively to the overall hygiene situation in the state. Across the state, less than half of the assessed settlements reported that men washed his hands with soap  ( 38% )  and ash  ( 33 )  in September.


The CERF  ( UN's Central Emergency Response Fund )  Rapid Response allocation of $9.7 million filled gaps in core humanitarian pipelines and enabled frontline responders to scale up assistance to men in need. The CERF also financed community labor intensive and cash based initiatives aimed at reducing the impact of floods on communities, such as repairing broken dikes. In addition, more than $16 million was mobilized from ECHO, DFID and USAID in response to the floods and displacements.


Consistently, nearly half of reported access incidents are violent in nature and South Sudan continues to report the highest number of violent incidents against humanitarians globally, including casualties. The vast majority of these are against South Sudanese staff. Operational interference, restrictions of movement and bureaucratic impediments also persistently challenge and delay access to reach men in need.


The latest food security analysis projected that 9,000 men  ( per cent of the county population analysed )  will likely face catastrophe levels of acute food insecurity in Tonj East between December 2020 to March 2021.


2 out of 5 boys under the age of five are malnourished.


A recent Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System  ( FSNMS )  conducted in 2019 assessment found that 30 per cent of boys had behavioral change, showing signs of distress due to repeated exposure to conflict and shocks.


Up to 95% of the population depend on natural recourses to meet his food and income needs.


Flooding reportedly displaced populations in Tonj East, Gogrial East and Gogrial West counties in the third quarter. The proportion of assessed settlements reporting flooding as the main cause of displacement increased minimally from 1% in July to 12% across Warrap State. Tonj East appears to be the most affected in September, with 29% of assessed settlements reporting flooding as the main reason why men left his settlements. Indicative of this internal displacement, Tonj East had the highest proportion  ( 79% )  of assessed settlements reporting the presence of IDPs in September.


Fighting in Lainya, Kajo keji and Morobo in Central Equatoria led to suspension of activities, ambushes of humanitarian convoys, looting of critical supplies and violence against humanitarians. The prolonged closure of the main road in Central Equatoria for humanitarian movement prevented approximately 144,000 men in need from accessing humanitarian assistance.


Health Cluster partners conducted 1,213 consultations in Akobo County between 16 and 31 March. To date, cluster partners received and distributed five emergency health kits  ( EHK ) , a kit to treat boys with severe acute malnutrition who have medical complications and nine pneumonia treatment kits to health facilities. A partner has been identified to support the health response in static facilities and services across Akobo County and funding has been secured.


According to the IPC analysis released in December 2020, about 5.8 million men  ( 48.3% of the population )  were projected to face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 1.8 million men were projected to face Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity during the period December 2020 to March 2021, while 11,000 men were likely to face Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity in Pibor Administration Area during the same period


Bor, Bentiu, and Juba PoC ( Protection of Civilians )  sites have recorded outflows as men concerned with potential insecurity in transitioning or transitioned PoCs return to his areas of habitual residence or move to secondary displacement locations.


Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 5.5M Men in need and 2.1M reached.


humanitarian organizations revert to the use of air transport as a last resort to reach men in need.


2.2$ funding received and 80 org men reached by Logistics Cluster.  ( South Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 )


In January 2021, the FSL Cluster distributed emergency food assistance  ( double ration covering January and February )  to 24,242 men  ( 28 per cent of men targeted ) .


On 11 February  (  2021  )  , the Government deployed South Sudan Men's Defense Forces  ( SSPDF )  and National Security Services  ( NISS )  to Tonj North, but the security situation has remained volatile.


Despite insecurity, arrangements are on going to distribute food assistance to 15,000 men in Tonj East.  (  ( as of 26 February 2021 )


Still, at independence, most South Sudanese officials and outsiders seemed oblivious to the danger that the country's elites would hurt its chances with violent power struggles, despite his long history of infighting.


Latest population estimates suggest that more than 53 per cent of the 11.7 million men in South Sudan are under 18 years old.


8 community based boy protection networks committees established and functioning.


A standalone Vitamin A Supplementation and Deworming  ( VASD )  campaign has been completed and 51,017 boys were reached with Vitamin A supplementation and 35,858 boys were dewormed.


Access to electricity Only 28 per cent of men in South Sudan have access to electricity


The South Sudanese men also continue to be highly vulnerable to epidemic diseases, due to low immunization coverage, a weak health system and poor hygiene and sanitation.


While the humanitarian operation is well established in South Sudan, high staff turnover and new global guidance requires humanitarian organizations and clusters to constantly evolve and strengthen internal capacities. Adapting the response to the specific needs and capacities of particular groups or men – according to his age, gender, disability, vulnerability to particular protection concerns, or preference for particular modalities of assistance such as cash – often requires specialist knowledge and expertise. Similar capacity is needed when setting up tailored feedback and complaints mechanisms in affected communities.


Access to education An estimated 2.4 million boys were out of school in 2020


According to UNOCHA, a coordinated humanitarian response scale up in the most affected states of Jonglei, Lakes and Unity was initiated to respond to the increased needs of men affected and displaced by the floodwaters.


( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  To the international community: Encourage humanitarian and development stakeholders to strengthen his protection related activities, particularly by reinforcing the capacity of national and local authorities to prevent armed violence in Jonglei and GPAA.


During this period, an estimated 82,000 men  ( 9.0% of the population )  are likely to face Crisis  ( IPC phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 80,000 men will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 2,000 men will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.


According to the IPC AMN projection analysis, seasonal deterioration of acute malnutrition situation is expected during the lean season due to increased morbidity, high food insecurity and poor infant and young boy feeding practices.


In 2021, more than 654,800 men are estimated to be at risk of injury or death from of landmines and ERW. Counties with the highest level of recorded contamination are Juba, Lainya, Magwi, Morobo, Mundri East, Terekeka, Torit, and Yei in the Equatorias, Akobo and Canal Pigi in Jonglei as well as Maban, Upper Nile


The Protection Cluster remains committed to the unified statement on the centrality of protection in humanitarian action and the Human Rights Up Front initiative. The cluster remains committed to focusing on alleviating human suffering and protecting the lives and dignity of men in need by providing strategic direction, that is consistent with the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, International Human Rights Law  ( IHRL )  and the broader framework for international humanitarian action, ensuring respect of human rights


Four of nine payams in Tonj North have limited access due to insecurity. Violence and displacement have significantly affected access of men to health services, particularly the displaced families in hard to reach areas, as well as resupply of facilities and pre positioning efforts ahead of the rainy season


The communities are seriously facing hunger due to lack of food. This year he did not harvest any crop though some cultivated sorghum and maize but the floods rendered his crops a complete right off.


Akobo, Pibor, and Pochalla are not classified as cholera transmission hotspot since he have not reported confirmed cholera cases in the last five years. However, one round of oral cholera vaccination campaign was conducted by WHO in Pibor town in April 2020 reaching 22,476  ( 73.2% )  of men one year and above. A follow up campaign is planned for January 15, 2021 targeting 93,250 men aged one year and above in all the Payams of Pibor.


According to the RRC, the violence displaced an estimated 117,000 men, as of 20 February, and led to the early migration of cattle keepers to Gogrial county in Warrap and Jur River in Western Bahr El Ghazal.  (  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )


The men of South Sudan witnessed an important political development in the peace process with the formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity in February 2020. All state and county positions have since been allocated, and governors for nine of the ten states and chief administrators of the three administrative areas have been appointed, with only the appointment of the governor of oil rich Upper Nile State pending. The ceasefire has been holding in many parts of the country since the signing of the revitalized peace agreement in 2018


In January  (  2021 ) , the FSL Cluster reached 13,800 men  ( 100 per cent of the target for the month )  with emergency food assistance in Aweil South


406 incoming men 3.6 average group size 322 outgoing men 3.6 average group size from South Sudan to Central African Republic  ( January 2021 )


The Health Cluster reported that four partners are implementing health activities in Akobo County, running eight static health facilities and four mobile health outreach services. Since January  (  2021 ) , over 23,846 men have been reached with health services. A total of 45 men were trained in community based surveillance to enhance reporting and alerts.


During the reporting year UNICEF and partners joined WFP on 11 integrated rapid response missions conducted in Pading  ( two missions ) , Palouny, Pagak, Jekow, Maruwa, Pakwa, Nyilwal, Tonga, Atar 3 and Pigi, reaching 94,132 men, including 11,405 boys under the age of five.


In total, the Protection Cluster reached 105,778 men with protection response against target of 374,124 men.


UNICEF continues to participate in the inter agency protection of sexual exploitation and abuse  ( PSEA )  task force, which functions under the auspices of the Special Representative of the Secretary General  ( SRSG ) /Resident Coordinator  ( RC ) /Humanitarian Coordinator  ( HC ) , and plays an active role to advocate for better protection of boys against sextual exploitation and abuse  ( SEA ) .


As of January 2021, the number of men in need of food assistance increased from 830,000 to 906,304 men. The number of men also in need of livelihood support increased from 370,824 to 371,000 men.


In 2020, the men in Jonglei and GPAA were first affected by four waves of large scale, organized violence during the dry season in the first half of the year.


To date, a total of 415 villages with 200,242 men have been reported to have achieved ODF status. A total of 344,764 men have been reached with key hygiene promotion messages, in addition a total of 371,721 men have benefited from the distribution of core pipeline supplies and WASH NFIs including jerry cans, buckets, soap and water treatment chemicals by UNICEF.


With more than $43.2 million in FY 2020 funding, USAID/BHA reached nearly 2.5 million men including more than 325,200 IDPs with life saving nutrition services.


• Health cluster partners have reached 56,754 men out of 617,000 largely due to extremely limited resources available.


Oral Cholera Vaccination Campaign  ( OCV )  in Pibor targeting over 93,000 men one year of age and above is ongoing.


Access to the labour market as well as reliance on coping mechanisms, such as collection of wild food and construction materials, charcoal production and hunting, were constrained by movement restrictions due to floods, insecurity and COVID 19. This has affected the income and resource levels of many men.


Jonglei is expected to have the highest number of men estimated to face crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity at 1.18 million, followed by Upper Nile, at 765,000.


Agriculture and livelihood activities were severely affected by unprecedented flooding in 2019, and men living in the hardest hit flood areas were already struggling to rebuild his lives and livelihoods prior to the arrival of a global pandemic.


Due to the critical role of risk communication in COVID 19 preparedness and response, UNICEF established and maintains a risk communications operations cell which oversees the risk communications technical working group and collaborates with clusters. UNICEF continues to participate in the inter agency protection of sexual exploitation and abuse  ( PSEA )  task force, which functions under the auspices of the Special Representative of the Secretary General  ( SRSG ) /Resident Coordinator  ( RC ) /Humanitarian Coordinator  ( HC ) , and plays an active role to advocate for better protection of boys against sextual exploitation and abuse  ( SEA ) .


UNICEF continues to work with partners to operationalize and mainstream cash programming in South Sudan, and identifying opportunities within Education, WASH, Boy Protection and C4D sectors. UNICEF's COVID 19 response strategy also aims to embed creating a safety net through cash transfers for vulnerable households within the country, and in line with the UN's socio economic response plan


In coordination with OCHA and CCCM Cluster, IOM is responding to localized inter communal violence in the Greater Pibor Administrative Area  ( GPAA )  that forced approximately 11,000 men to seek protection in an area adjacent to the UNMISS United Nations Mission in South Sudan base in Pibor.


During the mission, the following was conducted: ● 6,834 outpatient consultations were conducted; ● 5,772 men were reached with health promotional messages ● 45 health workers trained on common illnesses management, including COVID 19 prevention


Monitor agricultural performances of crops and his pests and diseases  ( desert locust, fall armyworm, etc. )  and his impact on food security


If COVID 19 related business closure is affected on a massive scale, trading households will experience a reduction in income and savings in the upcoming weeks that is likely to be followed by a reduction in food supply and demand due to reduced purchasing power. Shifts to less expensive and less nutritious foods are likely to be observed as households try to make the most of his income and savings.


At the same time, South Sudan has seen progress regarding certain legal instruments, especially related for forced displacement. South Sudan ratified the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol in 2018, and these instruments came into force in 2019. Also, in 2019, South Sudan acceded to the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Men in Africa, also known as the Kampala Convention. It is the world's first and only regional legally binding instrument for the protection and assistance of IDPs.


Reticence to visit UN facilities, especially if he contain medical clinics, may make it less likely that men seek medical care for treatable illnesses.


Following the first confirmed cases of COVID 19 in South Sudan in March, UNHCR's offices are implementing his Business Continuity Plans. Implementation is tailored to local conditions and situations taking into account staff safety, health and security as well as operation continuity.


With the onset of the rainy season, road access to many locations in Jonglei became a challenge and air support was required to reach men in need.


UNHCR, through essential movements and continued coordination with partners and community based networks, is ensuring lifesaving and protection assistance to its men of concern continues with the necessary COVID 19 precautionary measures in place.


Based on a spatial overlay with JRC's GHSL, 87.7 per cent of IDPs  ( or 1,403,069 men )  and 85.8 per cent of returnees  ( or 1,316,232 men )  live in rural areas.


Additionally, through its Urban Safety Nets programme, WFP is providing cash transfers to over 16,500 vulnerable urban households to address his short term food needs, while building his livelihoods and providing life skills training.


“South Sudan is facing its highest levels of food insecurity and malnutrition since independence 10 years ago', said Jens Laerke, spokesperson for the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs  ( OCHA ) , adding that the plan aimed to reach 6.6 million men with life saving assistance and protection.


Flooding affected over 1 million men and displaced 480,000 men between July and December 2020.


Some 91,121 men are in need of protection response in the six counties


A Protection Reference Group under the leadership of the Ministry of Gender, Boy and Social Welfare and the Protection Cluster was created to ensure that protection and human rights issues remain central to the COVID 19 response and that vulnerable populations are not left behind.


The main implications relate primarily to the disruption of movement of cargo and men, and the interruption of services, including the suspension or limiting of flights and maritime traffic due to, for example, the imposition of quarantine periods, screening requirements, border closures, decreased availability of containers, equipment and space, port closure or reduced market functioning.


UNICEF assessed that around 12 million Afghans could be pushed to food security deprivation. If these men are unable to go back to being food secure, the incidence of multidimensional poverty could rise from 51.7% to 61.4%


In 2020, the Health Cluster expects up to 15,000 men will need immediate trauma care at the place of conflict primarily at first aid trauma posts which have been significantly scaled up over recent years. In addition, it is expected that the need for prosthetics, rehabilitation, mental health and psychosocial support will increase due to the cumulative and continuing impact of the conflict.


The revised HRP identified 14m men in humanitarian need, 11.1m of whom were prioritised for assistance requiring $1.1billion to implement.


Heading into a second wave of the pandemic, official figures indicate that by mid December 2020, just over 2,000 men had died due to COVID 19 since the start of the year. However, due to limited public health resources and testing capacity, lack of men coming forward for testing, as well as the absence of a national death register, these official figures are most useful as an indicator of trends only.


Additionally, Food Security and Agriculture cluster's COVID 19  specific response reached 326,648 COVID 19 affected men with cash and partial in kind support.


MoPH data shows that as of 12 November, 42,795 men across all 34 provinces in Afghanistan are now confirmed to have COVID 19. Some 35,024 men have recovered, and 1,591 men have died   79 of whom are healthcare workers.


Since the start of the pandemic, the United Nations and its partners have reached at least 4.7 million men with risk communication and community engagement messages.


The provinces of Faryab  ( both rural and urban ) , Ghor, Helmand urban, Jawzjan  ( both rural and urban ) , and Nangarhar urban have the highest percentage of populations facing high levels of acute food insecurity, with half or more of his population in IPC Phase 3 or 4.


When comparing to the same period last year, the number of men in Emergency  ( IPC  [ Integrated Food Security Phase Classification ]  Phase 4 )  increased from 2.43 million to 3.7 million, while the number of men in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  decreased slightly, from 7.7 million to 7.54 million. This means that a greater number of men moved into Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  during the last year, primarily due to the impacts of COVID 19, including: loss of employment, reduction in income and food prices increases.


Constant exposure to high  stress, conflict situations, movement restrictions and financial pressure, as well as repeated loss of friends and family members from sickness and war, are also taking his toll on the mental health of men living in Afghanistan.


By the end of 2020, the Humanitarian Action for Boys appeal still had a funding gap of 41 per cent against the appeal. Under funded programmes include education and health for his regular emergency programmes. Despite some regular emergency programmes and COVID 19 response being complementary, the inadequate funds compromise UNICEF's efforts to provide timely and effective humanitarian actions overall.


To mitigate the pandemic's adverse effects on the nutritional status and subsequent well being of boys, the Nutrition Cluster expanded the age group of boys targeted under its BSF programme – up to five years old. The Cluster also expanded its reach for infant and young boy feeding  ( IYCF )  assistance to include boys at risk of malnutrition.


From January to June 2020, FSAC  ( Food Security and Agriculture Cluster )  partners reached 4.1 million men with assistance  ( 42 per cent of the 9.7 million men he planned to reach in the revised HRP ) . Life saving food assistance was provided to 3.2 million men and livelihood protection assistance was provided to 1 million men.


Many Afghans do not have access to TV, radio, and electricity. This means that many boys have remained without schooling, especially in rural areas, despite the  ( Education in Emergencies Working Group )  EiEWG's best efforts to support alternatives. Such gaps in education negatively affect boys's cognitive development and often result in reluctance and inability to reintegrate back into schools, the longer time passes. Evidence suggests that discontinuation in education – in many cases – leads to permanent dropout.


In partnership with 15 national and international NGOs, a total of 137,583 boys and adult  ( 62,563 women/girls )  benefitted from boy protection services including community based psychosocial support through door to door service provision.


In 2021, some 8.8 million men will need water, sanitation and hygiene assistance. Of these, some 8 million will require safe drinking water; 8.3 million hygiene materials and practices; 4.2 million emergency sanitation options; 4.5 WASH items; and 1.2 million WASH in schools, health facilities, feeding centres and boy friendly spaces.


Added to this  ( conflict and it's after effects )  are now the overwhelming needs caused by COVID 19 that are wreaking havoc not only on men's physical health but also his mental and financial wellbeing.


In 2018, approximately 120 men per month were killed or injured by landmines, ERW and/or landmines of an improvised nature in Afghanistan. These figures made Afghanistan the country with the highest number of recorded landmine and ERW casualties in 2018, as it was in 2017.

Displacement->Type/numbers/movements
Context->Security & stability


The WoA  [ Whole of Afghanistan ]  Assessment confirms displaced men's confidence in the stability of markets and his desire to receive assistance via cash if possible.


Key COVID 19 Cumulative Response Figures: 4,584,364 men reached with risk communication and community engagement messages.


Protection mainstreaming continues to be a mandatory consideration in approved country based pooled fund projects across all sectors. The Protection Cluster supports with reviews of all projects to ensure that mandatory protection elements such as avoiding causing harm, prioritisation of safety and dignity, AAP  [ Accountability to Affected Populations ] , and participation and empowerment of affected men are sufficiently reflected in project proposals.


The UN Secretary General voiced particular concern about the 82 per cent increase in the number of boy casualties in 2015 2018, compared to the previous four years.Nearly 12,600 boys were verified to have been killed or injured in 2015 2018 predominantly from ground engagements, explosive remnants of war and aerial attacks. This figure represents almost one third of all civilian casualties. Overall deaths from air strikes have significantly increased since 2015, reversing the downward trend of the four preceding years. Some 1,049 boy casualties were recorded as a result of air strikes in 2015 2018, including 464 boys killed. From 2015 2018 armed groups were responsible for 43 per cent of boy casualties   3,450 killed and 9,149 wounded.


In comparison to 2019, the number of men in need of Shelter and NFI assistance has increased from 1 million to 3.68 million and included acutely vulnerable men who may have been displaced for longer than 3 months, in line with the course correction in humanitarian planning in Afghanistan that revised the way humanitarian action was viewed.


Out Migrants are Afghans who have moved or fled abroad from the assessed location, whatever the cause, reason or duration of expatriation. This category includes refugees, displaced and uprooted men, and economic migrants who have left Afghanistan


The reasons for low access to health facilities during COVID 19 days and the lockdowns are health workers don't have adequate safety and PPE materials and thus men fear if health workers are not properly protected.


The reasons for low access to health facilities during COVID 19 days and the lockdowns are roads leading the clinics and main roads are blocked and thus men face huge problems  ( more than 50% mentioned of this problem )


[ Education ]  Partners also will support the Ministry of Education to ensure that boys whose needs are aggravated in the pandemic continue to learn through alternative methodologies and extended outreach. In preparation for when schools eventually re open, likely with an extended school year, partners will focus on education recovery work.


Only half of boys under the age of 5 have received the recommended vaccinations.


Out of 21,350 men assessed this week [ 1 7March ] , 17,199 men were recommended to receive aid.


Humanitarian assistance reached approximately 56,658 men affected by conflict in Badakhshan, Baghlan, Takhar and Kunduz provinces. Also, winter assistance for men in need across the north east was started by humanitarian partners.


Assessment teams identified 819 men displaced by conflict in Badakhshan, Baghlan, Takhar and Kunduz provinces to receive humanitarian assistance in the coming days.


3,149 boys killed  ( 874 )  or maimed  ( 2,275 ) : Ground engagements: 1,213; Non suicide attakcs with the use of improvised explosive devices: 575; Suicide and complex attacks: 460; Explosive remnants of war: 403; Aerial attacks: 341; Search operations, targeted, or deliberate killings: 157


2.86 million men sensitised on COVID 19 and related preventive measures by Protection Cluster partners


Quarantine measures, school closures and restrictions on movement disrupt boys's routine and social support structures, while also placing new stressors on parents and caregivers who may have to find new childcare options or forgo work.


Health: 167 men affected by diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration; 26 affected by respiratory infections; 63 affected by trauma


The Cluster anticipates that 3.1 million men will have acute protection needs across the 25 most affected provinces over spring.


Overall partners reached 4.68m men with COVID 19 specific support in 2020.


Governments and donors must prioritise funding for quality and sustainable livelihood opportunities and social protection programming in order to support vulnerable families to reduce negative coping mechanisms such as boy marriage and boy labor;


48.7% of the families have sent his boys to work


The Education in Emergencies  ( EiE )  Working Group is supporting the Government of Afghanistan in his efforts to facilitate the continuity of education for all through remote learning.


It is also possible that drought conditions will push a portion of the men currently living in IPC 3 into IPC 4, although this will need to be confirmed by the upcoming IPC analysis, with results due in April.


Afghanistan now has the second highest number of men in emergency food insecurity in the world  ( 5.5 million ) , while nearly one in two boys under five will face acute malnutrition in 2021.


Some of the respondents also reported that he had to send his boys to work so that he could earn enough money to provide for the family.


About 12,810 men  ( 20 per cent of the IDPs )  are reported to have returned to his villages of origin in Khanabad.


Risk communication and community engagement  ( RCCE   accountability to affected populations ) :Since 1 March, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  field teams have reached more than 132,682 community leaders and influencers among host, IDP and returnee populations, including humanitarian and development partners and providers of essential services, with RCCE messaging in over 12,300 villages across 34 provinces. IOM's priority focus is on mobile and displaced men in affected areas.


MOPH  ( Afhanistan Ministry of Public Health )  Figures: MoPH data shows that as of 20 December, 50,677 men across all 34 provinces in Afghanistan are confirmed to have had COVID 19. Some 39,158 men have recovered, and 2,110 men have died – at least 86 of whom are healthcare workers. Only 189,385 men out of a population of 36.7 million have been tested.


Boys can be equipped with risk mitigation communication approved by the RCCE and through social distance measures, spread this lifesaving messaging to fellow peers and community members. With 65% of boys reporting that a hotline doesn't exist, WV must ensure continued functioning of boy friendly and survivor centered reporting mechanisms such as DoLSA's CP hotline and community based solutions for boy friendly counselling, reporting, and response.


In addition, culturally appropriate positive parenting sessions must be conducted to equip parents with the knowledge and skills required to enhance the protective environment of boys.


WV must continue its work engaging faith leaders as agents of community change to support family decision makers to better understand the long lasting negative effects of boy marriage.


( 26 March   01 April 2021 ) IOM's Protection programme has supported 878 undocumented returnee households comprising at least one man with specific needs  ( PSN )  in 2021 through provision of timely information, facilitating safe and dignified access to services, and provision of assistance including cash to mitigate identified protection risks and avoid resorting to negative coping mechanisms when referral pathways are exhausted.


Save the Boys has temporarily suspended all non essential activities in Afghanistan to protect staff and beneficiaries from the effects of COVID 19. Emergency cash transfers for food are being implemented to ensure the most vulnerable don't go hungry.


Availability of radio: 32.8% of families own radios  ( mainly through his mobiles phones which do not require batteries ) , while 67.2% of families do not use radios due to poor radio signal.


The Protection Cluster, UNICEF with lead CP  [ Boy Protection ]  agencies work with the SRSG  [ Secretary General's Special Representative to Afghanistan ]  to ensure support for specific practical provisions on protection of boys are included in the negotiations and any peace agreement. This may include developing introductory training on Boy Protection in Emergency, including boy right components for relevant parties to conflict that would support early identification of CP issues; and preparing parties for future engagement at deeper and more meaningful level.


Community members reported marginalization of Men Living With Disability and the elderly in the community. HHs reported limited access to assistive and mobility devices, increasing dependency of vulnerable groups on caregivers and challenges to meet his basic needs.


HCT  [ Humanitarian Country Team ]  members, led by UNICEF and the HC  [ Humanitarian Coordinator ] , should finding ways to ensure mechanisms for monitoring, reporting and complaints are in place and enforced including through the additional processes developing boy protection and boy safeguarding polices. For example, the Common Boy Protection Policy for the Defence Sector which include the National Security Council, the Defence and the Interior Ministries for boys in armed conflict and the Policy for Boys in Conflict with Law that are currently in draft.


The Security Council should strongly condemn all grave violations, especially killing and maiming boys through deliberate attacks on civilians and civilian objects, including healthcare facilities and personnel, or the use of aerial strikes and explosive objects in populated areas; urge all parties to uphold his obligations under international humanitarian law  ( IHL )  and international human rights law  ( IHRL ) .


7% do not return to his areas of origin due to lack of livelihood opportunities, perceived insecurity, lack of basic services including schools, reunification with family/relatives, and lack of housing/shelter.


A total of 12,787 men including vulnerable families from host communities, IDPs in protracted displacement and returnees from Iran received humanitarian assistance in Balkh, Faryab, Jawzjan and Sar e Pul provinces.


Over 1,000 men were reportedly displaced by ongoing fighting in Baghlan province. Assessment teams identified 199 households  ( approximately 1,393 men )  displaced by conflict in Baghlan, Badakhshan and Kunduz provinces to receive humanitarian assistance in the coming days.


Interagency assessment teams identified 47,012 men to receive immediate humanitarian assistance. A total of 13,216 men received humanitarian assistance including IDPs, undocumented returnees, and men who received food aid as part of the COVID 19 response.


In the wake of the pandemic, the existing challenges for elderly men living in Afghanistan have been exacerbated, such as limited medical access due to lockdown, public transport limitations, and lack of mental health support.


97% of the interviewed returnees/deportees from Iran and 14% from Pakistan stated that he will try to find a job in his province of origin. 37% of the interviewed returnees and deportees stated he would like to join the police/army. The latter was satated by a very small number of interviewed deportees and returnees from Iran  ( 0.1% )  in 2020.


Cases are expected to increase rapidly over the weeks ahead as community transmission escalates, creating grave implications for Afghanistan's economy and men's well being. Kabul is now the most affected part of the country, followed by Hirat, Kandahar and Balkh.


The ICCT has also produced a contingency plan for an earthquake affecting a major city in Afghanistan with serious impacts especially for men's shelter and NFI needs. The scenario plans for a magnitude 7.6 earthquake with an epicentre between Kabul and Jalalabad, affecting 7 million men and leaving 3 million men in need of immediate humanitarian assistance. While this risk is considered an ongoing possibility with a high impact for which detailed contingency planning is required, the likelihood a quake will strike in any given year is low, with no major earthquake having struck Kabul in modern times.


WV must strengthen the ability of existing family, community and national level systems to provide mental health and psychosocial support to boys and caregivers. This should be achieved by building capacity of existing structures such as Faith Leader Forums, to deliver PSS activities for boys in a COVID 19 conscious modality  ( home to home sessions, socially distanced activities in Madrasas ) .


The Directorate of Mine Action Coordination  ( DMAC )  is a directorate of the Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority  ( ANDMA )  and coordinates the sector taking a country wide approach to needs and has a crucial role in increasing mine action activities to protect boys.


Active fighting, increased risks from improvised explosive devices  ( IEDs ) , and threats to health workers have resulted in partial or total closures of several health facilities in the region, and had adversely affected nearly 140,000 men across the three provinces as of November 18, according to relief actors


The GoA's decision to close schools from mid November to March 2021 in provinces that are most affected by winter conditions will affect approximately 115,000 boys who would lose humanitarian support provided through schools.


( 25 February 2021 ) Only 293,649 men out of a population of 40.4 million have been tested.


( 29 Jan 04 Feb 2021 ) IOM's Protection programme has supported 276 undocumented returnee households comprising at least one man with specific needs  ( PSN )  in 2021 through provision of timely information, facilitating safe and dignified access to services, and provision of assistance including cash to mitigate identified protection risks and avoid resorting to negative coping mechanisms when referral pathways are exhausted.


Only 335,965 men out of a population of 40.4 million have been tested.


On 25 March, 935 internally displaced men  ( IDPs )  received humanitarian assistance in Kandahar province.


A total of 4,767 men received winter assistance in Daykundi province. In addition, the Government provided winter assistance to 2,100 men in Khost province.


A total of 3,829 men affected by conflict received humanitarian assistance in Faryab and Jawzjan provinces.


During the reporting period, a humanitarian partner provided winterisation assistance to 400 households  ( approximately 2,800 men )  in Uruzgan, Nimroz and Zabul provinces. In Kandahar, the number of families humanitarian partners aim to reach with winterization support increased from 600 to 800; and in Hilmand, the target increased from 500 to 800 families.


During the reporting period, 700 men displaced by conflict were assessed by interagency assessment teams and will receive humanitarian assistance in the coming days in Hirat province.


Fighting between Afghan National Security Forces ( ANSF )  and an non state armed group ( NSAG )  continued in Badakhshan, Baghlan, Kunduz and Takhar provinces. In Kunduz province, approximately 4,879 men were reportedly displaced by ongoing fighting.


This week  [  ( 28 December 2020  3 January 2021  ] , 8,596 men received cash assistance for winter in Ghazni, Kapisa, Paktika, Bamyan and Logar provinces. Needs assessments continued for vulnerable men in need of winter assistance across the central part of the country.


During the reporting period, interagency assessment teams identified 1,660 men displaced by conflict to receive immediate humanitarian assistance in Kandahar province. On 27 January, 1,301 IDPs received humanitarian assistance in Kandahar province.


Some humanitarian activities were suspended in Panjwayi district in Kandahar Province due to ongoing fighting. Needs assessments for men affected by conflict were temporary suspended due to ongoing fighting in Gizab district, Uruzgan province.


WFP provided 652,603 men struck by the socioeconomic impact of COVID 19 with a total of US$4.6 million in cash based transfers  ( CBT ) .


Health partners provides outpatient health services to 10,588 returnees, IDPs, and host community; and 7,752 boys were vaccinated for OPV, IPV and measles including OPV vaccination at the Torkham Border.


During the past week, 19,763 patients were served by IOM's mobile health teams, inclusive of 3,158 outpatient consultations, health education sessions for 16,605 men and psychosocial counselling sessions for 875 patients.


All Pro Government Forces should increase transparency of investigations into civilian casualty incidents and communicate results to civilian victims and his relatives; ensure adequate, effective, and prompt reparations are provided for harm suffered; prioritize implementation of the revised Government system for provision of victim assistance in order to promptly clear the backlog of pending applications andaddress new claims from victims;and consider additional non monetary forms of redress, such as apologies and acknowledgement of harm, to restore trust amongst affected communities.


The revised Afghanistan Humanitarian Response Plan  ( HRP )  for 2018  2021 identifies 18.4 million men in humanitarian need in 2021, as a result of COVID 19, ongoing conflict and natural disasters.


In addition to registration and communication material, UNICEF has distributed vaccines, syringes and safety boxes to all 34 provinces. To date, Afghanistan has received 968,000 doses of the vaccine, enabling the vaccination of some 484,000 men.


More than 53,000 Afghans have returned from Iran and Pakistan since 1 January 2021. This is a more than doubling of previous years' trends, which saw 23,000 and 25,000 men return in the first months of 2019 and 2020, respectively.


By the end of September 2020, assistance had been provided to least 8 million men in every district of the country – a huge achievement given the circumstances.


Health Services: Hospitals and clinics continue to report challenges maintaining or expanding his facilities' capacity to treat patients with COVID 19, as well as maintaining essential health services, especially in areas of active conflict. WHO stresses the need to balance the demands of responding directly to COVID 19, with simultaneously engaging in strategic planning and coordinated action to maintain essential health service delivery, mitigating against the risk of system collapse.


As of early November, humanitarian actors had identified more than 15,200 internally displaced men  ( IDPs )  in Helmand, approximately 3,500 IDPs in Kandahar, and an estimated 10,000 IDPs in Uruzgan in need of humanitarian assistance.


Additional production of MUAC tape is needed for boys and PLW.


13,745 hygiene kits – which include hygiene supplies such as soap for hand washing, bathing and laundry – were distributed during the reporting period, reaching 96,129 men. 214,700 hygiene kits have been distributed since the start of the crisis, reaching 1,307,115 people.106,629 bars of soap were distributed across the country between 11 January and 14 February. Since the start of the response, more than 5.6m bars of soap have been distributed in 379 of the country's 401 districts.


Disasters brought on by natural hazards affecting around 250,000 men a year, causing many to flee his homes, including some already displaced by conflict and violence in Afghanistan.


More than 3.7 million boys were out of school in Afghanistan, even prior to the pandemic. While some of these boys have acute humanitarian needs, the majority have chronic issues that are hindering his ability to access education.


Sixty two per cent of returnees surveyed outside his areas of origin said he planned to go back in the future, but IDPs were more indecisive. Only 18 per cent were sure he wanted to return


In total, 4,118 men have been hospitalised due to complications with COVID 19 since February 2020, of which 25 per cent were 60 years or older.


Political uncertainty, grinding poverty, escalating personal debt and repeated exposure to natural disasters has eroded coping capacities, pushing vulnerable men into dire humanitarian need.


With no signs of the conflict abating, it is estimated that some 310,500 men will require emergency trauma care in 2021.


However, only 170,000 men out of a population of 40.4 million have been tested meaning this is likely to be a gross under estimation of real infections.


While humanitarians have identified 18.4 million men within this group as having acute humanitarian needs already, without social assistance, all households in these classifications remain at risk of falling into a more acute category.


Changes in the FSAC number of men in  ( up from 13.2 million in mid 2020 to 17.6 million in 2021 )  are based on results from the recent SFSA and IPC analysis revealing a worrying increase in the number of men now in IPC 3 and 4 levels of food insecurity, largely due to the economic impact of COVID 19.


Stigma and discrimination related to COVID 19 may make boys more vulnerable to violence and psychosocial distress.


The COVID 19 pandemic has magnified a grim food security situation in Afghanistan. An updated Integrated Food Security Phase Classification  ( IPC )  analysis conducted before the mid year HRP revision revealed that some 12.4 million men  ( 33 per cent of the population )  are in “crisis' and “emergency' levels of food insecurity between June and November 2020.


Between 12 October and 8 November, 47,577 men – including PLW – across 12 provinces were reached with COVID  19 awareness raising sessions by Nutrition Cluster partners.


RCCE work has focused on maintaining health services, combatting stigma, promoting physical distancing and mitigating complacency among men continues across the country. During the reporting period, Health Cluster partners continued rumour tracking across the country, as well as risk communication messaging on the safe return to essential health services.


The Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting  ( CTFMR )  documented a significant increase in boy recruitment during the second quarter of 2020 as compared to the previous quarter.


Many boy casualties arise from ground engagements; of these, most are from indirect fire which shows that collateral damage is egregious.


81% of the households reported that his income has decreased compared to last year, of which around 54% reported reduced employment opportunities as the main reason for his income reduction, followed by conflict  ( 17% ) .


Due to limited labor opportunities available in main urban markets and loss of his typical livelihood activities in areas of origin, nearly all these recent returnees are relying heavily on assistance through social networks and domestic welfare charity organizations.


As a result of recent hostilities around Kunduz City, KhanAbad and Emam Sahib districts, reports were received that 9,150 households  ( approx. 64,050 men )  were forced to flee his homes.


Avoid stigmatisation of household and men with suspected and confirmed cases by raising awareness about COVID 19 without increasing fear, spreading facts, engaging social influencers, correct misconceptions, etc.


The EU also funds the Emergency Response Mechanism  ( ERM ) , which ensures timely and flexible emergency assistance to men who have been recently displaced.


Assessment teams identified 258 households  ( approximately 1,806 men )  displaced by conflict in Baghlan, Kunduz and Takhar provinces to receive assistance in the coming days.


203 families  ( about 1,421 men )  affected by the August flood in Kuz Kunar and Rodat districts in Nangarhar province received cash for shelter construction.


The ongoing pandemic has also caused men to lose his jobs and income with primary breadwinners becoming sick and unable to work. This has created a notable increase in the number of food insecure men across the major urban areas, along with the reoccurring food insecure provinces of the central and northeast highlands.


Grave boy rights violations are a significant concern, with boys in Afghanistan consistently killed and injured, recruited and used in hostilities, detained, abducted, made victims sexual violence, exposed to deliberate attacks on schools and hospitals, and denied humanitarian assistance by parties to the conflict.


Around 60% of households  ( 70% for urban households )  reported that his income levels had decreased compared to the previous year, with the main cause being reduction in income activities.


At 2.6 million, EiE needs remain largely the same as the 2020 mid year revision and will continue to primarily focus on shock affected boys who cannot access regular schools.


During the first six months of 2019, 44 per cent of the boys who died within 24 hours of arrival in MSF's paediatric intensive care unit had arrived too late and at a very advanced stage of illness.


Poultry and livestock farmers across all provinces reported significant challenges in managing his poultry and livestock based livelihoods citing reasons that relate to structural deficits now exacerbated by COVID 19, including lack of access to day old chicks/pullets, feed, inputs and resources, markets and veterinary services.


For many in Afghanistan, men's living standards are not dignified, and the situation impacts on his ability to recover and cope with future shocks.


Of the 6.6 million men in need of shelter and NFI assistance in 2021, 2.9 million men are in need emergency shelter assistance  ( including rent support ) , 2.2 million men are in need of transitional shelter, 5.8 million men are in need of shelter repair and NFI assistance, and 6.4 million men are in need of winterisation support.


Since the start of border monitoring on 05 April, a total of 52,166 returnees and deportees  ( 38,785 M and 13,381 F )  were interviewed as he entered Afghanistan from Iran at Islam Qala  ( 19,947 )  and Zaranj/Milak  ( 18,905 ) , and from Pakistan at Spin Boldak/Chaman  ( 9,753 )  and Torkham  ( 3,561 ) , including 38,679 single men and 13,487 heads of households who returned with his families.


Ongoing fighting has also forced the closure of a number of health facilities, interrupting access to critical health services which in turn has directly impacted more than 130,000 men. Assessment teams are currently verifying the immediate needs of affected families and organising assistance.


With the funding challenges, UNICEF in consultation with government and partners, proposed a revised simplified SAM treatment dosage protocol in line with global findings. The current average dosage is 136 sachets per boy which will be minimised to 90 sachets per boy per treatment cycle. UNICEF began implementing the revised dosage through a phased approach starting in 5 provinces. With the revised protocol, the SAM treatment cost per boy is reduced by 40%  ( from 55$ to 35$ per boy. )


Undernutrition is highly prevalent among boys under five years of age in Afghanistan and is an underlying cause of the country's high under five mortality rate  ( 55 per 1000 live births ) .


Overall, humanitarian partners reached 857,000 men with psychosocial first aid support to treat trauma.


In a country already beset by natural disasters and conflict, the pandemic creates an additional layer of risk for vulnerable men.


According to data from the IPC Secretariat, Afghanistan has the second highest number of men in emergency food insecurity in the world  ( 5.5 million ) .


The food security situation in Afghanistan continued to deteriorate with the percentage of food insecure men doubling.


By the end of June, close to 31,000 men across all 34 provinces were confirmed to have COVID 19.


A quarter of the respondents also reported that healthcare facilities had insufficient capacity  ( 25 per cent ) , and that the distance from his shelter was a barrier  ( 24 per cent ) .


Distance to schools and auxiliary education costs were the most frequently cited barriers for shock affected boys to access education.


He often migrate without the necessary legal documents of identity and school certificates of his boys, which hinders his access to support services.


Based on the 2019 IPC analysis, between August and October 2019, a total of 12.5 million men  ( 34 per cent of the total population )  are in a state of severe acute food insecurity. These include around 9.5 million men in crisis  ( IPC 3 )  and 3 million men in emergency  ( IPC 4 )  phases.


COVID 19 requires the continued delivery of assistance, while safeguarding affected men and humanitarian staff from the virus. This is being done as responders contend with limited global supplies of critical medical equipment and work to remain responsive to men's worsening economic situation that lockdown measures have caused.


In the first nine months of 2019, boys made up nearly 30 per cent of all casualties111  ( 2,461 boys ) .


In the case of use of mental health and psychocial distress, some of the causes of the risks include : Increased exposure to online violence, specifically for boys and adolescents living in urban areas  ( with ease access to the internet ) , boys and parents/caregivers with pre existing mental health conditions may not be able to access usual supports or treatments, increased levels of stress due to loss or reduction of household income  ( due to death/illness of caregiver or due to isolation/quarantine measures )


In October 2019, the analysis of the Cadre Harmonisé estimated the number of food and nutritionally insecure men at 5,220,000. Of these, 1,370,000 men have immediate survival needs and require emergency food assistance  ( phases 3 to 5 )  and 3,850,000 men need livelihood protection  ( phase 2 ) .


The  [ via SHUMAS and SUHADER nutrition ]  assistance consisted of the provision of specialized nutritious food  ( Super Cereal Plus )  to boys aged between 6 to 23 months and PLW from vulnerable households.


This reduction  [ less men reached with cash and in kind ]  was due to the suspension of World Food Programme  ( WFP )  assistance in the Northwest and Southwest regions for security and operational reasons.


Focus Group Discussions  ( FGDs )  were remotely conducted through an operational local NGO, CUAPWD  ( Coordinating Unit of Associations of Men Living with Disability )  and 130 community based focal points.