title: Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. III. Association of management with morbidity

text: Associations between heifer calf management and morbidity, particularly scours and pneumonia, were studied on 104 randomly selected Holstein dairy farms in southwestern Ontario between October 1980 and July 1983. At the farm level, data were stratified by season, with two six-month seasons (winter and summer) per year. The odds of farms with particular management strategies having above median morbidity were calculated. At the individual calf level, the odds of a calf being treated, controlling for farm of origin and month of birth, were calculated for different management practices. Farm size, and policies related to anti-scour vaccination, offering free-choice water and minerals to calves, methods of feeding, and the use of medicated feeds significantly altered the odds of a farm experiencing above-median pneumonia rates. Farm policies with regard to anti-scour vaccination, offering free-choice salt to calves, age at teat removal, type of calf housing, and use of preventive antimicrobials significantly altered the odds of a farm experiencing above-median scours rates. Scours and pneumonia were significantly associated with each other at both the farm and the calf level. No significant associations were found between individual calf management practices and the odds of being treated for scours. Sire used, method of first colostrum feeding, navel treatment, use of anti-scour vaccine in the dam, and the administration of preventive antimicrobials significantly altered the odds of a calf being treated for pneumonia.


title: Online Identity Theft on Consumer Purchase Intention: A Mediating Role of Online Security and Privacy Concern

text: This study measures the influence of fear of financial loss (FOFL), fear of reputational damage (FORD), with the mediating effect of online security and privacy concern (OSPCON) towards online purchase intentions in an emerging economy’s context. Data was conveniently collected from University students of four of the public higher institutions in Ghana. Out of the 201 questionnaires distributed, 179 were eligible for analysis. A Quantitative methodological approach was adopted which relied on the Partial Least Square approach to Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) for the statistical analysis. Seemingly, FOFL and FORD constructs were not seen to be a significant direct predictor of online purchase intention. However, the mediating effect of OSPCON for both FOFL and FORD towards online purchase intention in the Ghanaian context was found to be significant, hence the mediated-hypotheses were supported. Nonetheless, we have highlighted the need for additional and further research taking a cue from the study’s limitations. The study contributes to our knowledge of how online identity theft practices lead to the unwillingness of online customers to embark on online transactions in an emerging economy, given the rampant outburst of online transactions in the developed world. The originality of this study is in the fact that it focuses on an emerging economy, which is under-researched.


title: Complementary Partnerships for SMEs: A Relational Capability Maturity Model from an Ecosystem Perspective

text: Inter-organisational relationships have been receiving increased attention in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Technological advances in connectivity and digitisation are enabling vertically and horizontally integrated networks. The highly technical and dynamic environment in which various types of relationships exist requires a high level of cooperation and transparency between partners. The importance for Small and Medium Sized Organisations (SMEs) to develop and improve their relational capabilities is widely acknowledged. This research paper thus presents a tool and methodology that will enable SMEs to assess and improve these capabilities within the organisation. This paper aims to identify those requirements and practices described in the literature as conducive to sustainable relationship formation and development. A Relational Capability Maturity Model (RCMM) is proposed as a tool that will be able to address the requirements across the various functions of the organisation.


title: Implementation Considerations for Big Data Analytics (BDA): A Benefit Dependency Network Approach

text: The benefits of Big Data Analytics (BDA) are substantial in instances where organisations manage to successfully implement analytical capabilities. These benefits include improved, data driven decision-making, which can lead to deeper insight into business operations and as a result better performing organisations. Not surprisingly, an increased number of organisations are researching best implementation practices for BDA projects. Similar to software projects, research has shown that many BDA projects fail or do not deliver the business value as promised. To address this issue, the main objective of this research is to identify BDA implementation considerations for new BDA endeavors that will help organisations to align their BDA efforts with their overall business strategy to maximize business value. Based on a Benefit Dependency Network (BDN) model as main theoretical underpinning, a structured literature review was conducted focusing on investment objectives, business benefits, enabling changes and IT enablers when implementing BDA. A BDA implementation requires a holistic approach by considering aspects such as the skills of people which will have an impact on the structure of the organisation, business processes and technology changes to deliver benefits and investment objectives. Each of the domains of the BDN should be considered prior to BDA implementations. The research offers a guideline to organisations implementing BDA, based on the foundation of BDN.


title: The Town Square in Your Pocket: Exploring Four Metaphors of Social Media

text: In this paper we explore the use of four metaphors as a means to illuminate particular dimensions of social media logic—the norms, strategies, and economics underpinning its dynamics. Our objective is to utilise metaphor to instigate critical reflection about the nature of social media use behaviour and the role of habitual social media use in our experiences of reality. The first metaphor, social media as a town square, draws attention to the centrality of social media platforms in their users’ lives, fear of missing out, augmented reality and digital dualism. Through the second metaphor, social media as a beauty pageant, we explore self-presentation or image crafting, social comparison and self-evaluation. The third metaphor, social media as a parliament, emphasises the role of social media platforms as spaces for online deliberation and we consider social media capital, homophily and polarisation as themes. Finally, we explore anonymity, deindividuation and deceptive self-presentation through our fourth metaphor, social media as a masquerade ball. We argue that social media scholars can use these and other metaphors to enhance communication of their research findings. Additionally, we believe that social media metaphors can be powerful pedagogical and communication tools, particularly when working with students for whom high levels of social media use is the norm.


title: Enablers and Barriers for Mobile Commerce and Banking Services Among the Elderly in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

text: The rollout of mobile banking has taken over the traditional banking space in both developed and developing countries. Banking institutions are continuously seeking innovative digital solutions to stay ahead of competitors and be the first preference to consumers. Scholars have also shown some interest in investigating mobile commerce and banking implementation and adoption. However, research studies focusing on the elderly and mobile banking are scant. This paper seeks to understand the current state of knowledge regarding the enablers and barriers of mobile banking and commerce among the elderly by providing a systematic review of the existing literature on the phenomenon. The literature review showed that there is minimal research to date that has been conducted on this topic of interest. Consequently, issues of investigating enablers and barriers of mobile banking among the elderly have been fairly neglected. The main barriers noted in the literature include: security concerns, trust and privacy, a lack of personalization and limited technical knowledge of the elderly. Significant enablers that may be considered are: perceived ease of use of mobile banking applications, perceived value, convenience and consumer attitudes. Future directions for research and practice on mobile banking for the elderly are suggested.


Workshop P: Neuroimmunology


Virus morphology: C. R. Madeley & A. M. Field. New York: Churchill Livingstone (1988) pp. 295. £45·00 2nd Ed.


The Role of Virus Infection in Chronic Adenoiditis


P9.09 Air Sampling for Bacterial and Fungal Cultures in Operating Rooms


Principles and practise of infectious diseases


P9.11 A Method to Visualize Exhaled Aerosols Produced During the Use of Oxygen Masks Using Optical Flow


P9.08 The Quantitative Detection of Mycobacterial Contaminations in Endoscope Reprocessors


Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Session of the Virology Section of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Martinsried, March 25–28, 1987


Answers linked to Tang JW, Li Y, Eames I, Chan PKS, Ridgway GL. Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises. J Hosp Infect 2006;64:100–114.


Subject Index-Volume 36


Abstracts of FIS/HIS 2016 – Poster Presentations


Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 38th Meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Virology Section, Göttingen, 5.–8.10.1981


Workshop F: Veterinary immunology


Infection control for the otolaryngologist in the era of SARS


P9.10 Legionella Control in a Hospital Water Supply System: Missing Sieves in Thermostatic Mixers Causing a Persisting Problem


Workshop K Inflamation and Allergic Diseases


Appendices


Abstracts of FIS/HIS 2016 – Invited Speaker Abstracts


M. AIDS, Infections and other Pathological Conditions


Workshop B: T Lymphocyte Development


Upcoming events


title: Kartenbasierte Informationssysteme im Gesundheitswesen am Beispiel Niedersachsens

text: This paper addresses map-based information systems in the public health sector as an important application area in cartography. First, the characteristics of map-based information systems are defined followed by a discussion of the advantages of delivering health data over the Internet compared to traditional printed publications. To illustrate the general overview, three examples of map-based information systems on infectious diseases from Lower Saxony are presented. Finally some conclusions are drawn and it is argued that a big potential for map-based information systems in the health sector can be anticipated.


June 7–13, 2014


Albert Osterhaus


Stalking SARS


Human rotavirus gastroenteritis


4824667 Thymidine kinase deletion mutants of bovine herpesvirus-1, vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis containing same and methods for the production and use of same: Malon Kit, Saul Kit assigned to NovaGene Inc; Baylor College of Medici


Issue highlights


5422107 Trichoderma harzianum SK-55 fungus, fungicide containing it, and method of manufacture of the same and its use : Kubota Terumas Kawachinagano, Japan Assigned to Hokkaido Green Kosan Incorporated


5418164 Self-supporting carrierfree cell granulates for combating pests and treating plants : Andersch Wolfra; Hartwig Jurgen; Homeyer Bernhard; Stenzel Klaus Cologne, Germany Assigned to Bayer Aktiengesellschaft


5418159 Leukaemia inhibitory factor from livestock species and use thereof to enhance implantation and development of embryonic cells : Gough Nicholas M; Willson Tracey A; Seamark Robert F North Balwyn, Australia Assigned to Amrad Corporation Limited


Travel medicine


PL2 Emerging viral diseases in Asia: Deciphering the writing on the wall


5013663 Canine Corona virus vaccine: William M Acree, John W Black assigned to American Home Products Corporation


Calender


ECC -6 Abstracts


5013824 Human interleukin-4 peptides and conjugates thereof: John S Abrams, Takashi Yokota, Frank Lee, Ken-ichi Arai assigned to Schering Corporation


Index to volume 2


O486 Implementation of a real-time RT-PCR assay to improve diagnostics of dengue virus infections


S33.1 Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa


A Twenty-Five Year Experience with the University-Based Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology (SPICE), 1981-2005


July 27–August 2, 2013


RIBAVIRIN AND RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS


5013661 Lipopolysaccharide - specific acyloxyacyl hydrolase: Robert S Munford, Catherine L Hall assigned to The Board of Regents The University of Texas System


July 6–12, 2013


Balkan Nephropathy


316: Infrared Thermography of Facial Skin Temperatures Compared with Oral Thermometry: A Device for Syndromic Surveillance by Remote Detection


O348 Clinical evaluation of a new ID-Tag RVP assay for the detection of 20 respiratory viruses


S32.1 H5N1 and SARS — What have we learned?


S392 Wildlife hosts of SARS-coronavirus and related viruses


5422108 Protection of plants against plant pathogens : Mirkov T Erik; Fitzmaurice Leona C San Diego, CA, United States Assigned to Smart Plants International Inc


P1511 A retrospective study of 230 consecutive patients hospitalised after transcontinental travel


Volume Contents, Author and Subject indices, 2011


Raoul Scherrer (1938–1983)


Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Testing for Respiratory Viruses: What Is the Impact on Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance?


Classified patent abstracts


S390 Emerging pathogens and host species barriers


32 Aspects cliniques de l’épidémie de SRAS au Vietnam


title: Creating a comprehensive multi-tiered influenza management plan for a large healthcare system

text: ISSUE: Influenza infections affect 20% of the U.S. population, with an average of 110,000 hospitalizations and 36,000 deaths annually. The shortage of influenza vaccine for the 2004–2005 season brought with it the potential for an even higher rate of morbidity and mortality due to influenza. The Infection Control and Healthcare Epidemiology Consortium of a 12-hospital healthcare system located in St. Louis, Missouri, determined that a comprehensive multi-tiered influenza management plan was needed. PROJECT: A team of four infection control practitioners (ICPs) was established from three of the system's hospitals, including a large, metropolitan teaching hospital, a comprehensive pediatric hospital, and a small community hospital, along with three system-level consultants, under the advisement of their medical directors. The team developed a resource packet containing a comprehensive multi-tiered influenza management plan. The packet included a core policy, to be customized by each entity, a checklist of recommended materials to have on hand, and algorithms for influenza testing, patient placement, and healthcare worker immunization. The packet also included an admission screening tool, examples of local health department' line list reports, and educational posters to be used throughout the healthcare facilities to heighten influenza infection prevention awareness. Many of the tools have specific recommendations for different stages of the influenza season; for example, extensive use of rapid diagnostic tests is appropriate early on, but unnecessary during peak flu season when diagnosis can reliably be made based on symptoms. The packet was developed as a guide to assist ICPs in preparing for an influenza season. RESULTS: A resource packet with a comprehensive multi-tiered influenza management plan was developed for all of the system's hospitals. The packet contains information addressing the action to be taken prior to and at the early onset of the influenza season, when there is an increased level of influenza activity, and during a pandemic event. LESSONS LEARNED: Annual influenza outbreaks are a serious threat to U.S. patients. To reduce that threat, it is necessary to carefully plan and prepare for each influenza season. A resource packet with a comprehensive multi-tiered influenza management plan is a useful tool in making the necessary plans and preparations.


Virus strategies. Molecular biology and pathogenesis: W Doerfler, P Böhm. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo, 1993


SH2 and SH3 domains


Index to volume 3


4824786 Methylotroph cloning vehicle: Richard Hanson, Larry N Allen assigned to The Regents of the University of Minnesota


An introduction to genetic engineering: by Desmond S. T. Nicholl, Cambridge University Press, 1994. £9.95/$16.95 (168 pages) ISBN 0 5214 3634 6


title: Analysis and localisation of mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV3) polypeptides

text: The analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified mouse hepatitis virus type 3 revealed the presence of five polypeptides, three of them contained carbohydrate. The molecular weight of these proteins was 190,000 daltons (VGP(100)), 100,000 (VGP(100)), 58,000 (VP(58)), 25,000 (VP(25)) and 24,000 (VGP(24)). The analysis of particles obtained after limited proteolysis with bromelain suggests that VGP(190) and VGP(100) form the spike layer, that VP(25) and VGP(24) are membrane-associated and that VP(58) represents the inner core polypeptide.


“Slow strangulation of a service”


S18.1 Vaccine-preventable pneumonia in children


title: The ultrastructure of multinucleate giant cells

text: A survey of the available ultrastructural data on physiologically and pathologically occurring and virally-induced multinucleate giant cells (MNGCs) is presented. Emphasis is initially placed upon the bone osteoclast, the skeletal muscle myotube and the placental syncytiotrophoblast. The widespread occurence of MNGCs in a range of pathological situations is discussed, with emphasis upon the broad involvement of the macrophage in inflammatory responses. Many viruses produce cell fusion in vivo and in vitro when cell cultures are infected. Several examples are given. A clear distinction is drawn between viral fusion from “without” and viral fusion from “within” the cell. The cytopathic effect (CPE) of the animal and human retroviruses is discussed in considerable detail. The in vivo and in vitro formation of lymphocytic and macrophage MNGCs by HIV-1 is given extensive coverage. The possible significance of the presence of brain MNGCs of macrophage/microglial origin as a cellular feature of AIDS dementia is discussed. A new hypothesis is advanced relating to the possible role of endogenous C-type retrovirus in the physiological fusion of the invasive placental cytotrophoblasts to create the syncytiotrophoblast. The evolutionary and developmental significance of such an event in relation to the evolution of the placental mammals is discussed. The possible importance of MNGC formation in the depletion of the CD4(+) population of T-lymphocytes in vivo in the clinical progression of the AIDS-related complex and AIDS is related to the potent fusogenic effect of HIV-1 when cell cultures are infected.


5422106 Method of controlling coleotera using Bacillus thuringiensis strains mg P-14025 and LMG P-14026 : Lambert Bart J; Jansens Stefan K; Peferoen Marni Beernem, Belgium Assigned to Plant Genetic Systems N V


La flore virale fécale au hoggar()


O488 High prevalence of Legionella pneumophila in severe community-acquired pneumonia, as determined by a commercially available PCR assay


REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS


Availability of SARS information in Japan


Research Forum Educational Program


title: Bronchiolites du nourrisson à virus respiratoire syncytial: Intérêt et limites des techniques d'immunofluorescence pour le diagnostic rapide, direct et indirect

text: From October, 1980, to March, 1981, the direct fluorescent antibody technique from nasal aspirates and the serology by immunofluorescence (IF) were developed to evaluate their efficiency for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. RSV was identified in 208 of the 365 specimens. In Caen, hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis had secretions mostly weakly positive (90/154) than strongly positive (64/154), in spite of specimens taken at an early stage of the disease, without any relation to the severity of bronchiolitis. Paired sera were rarely available for serology (11/154). Increasing IF antibodies are present in 7 cases, and absent with CF test. On 80 acute sera, IF antibodies were absent (21/80) or low (28/80). In the other cases (39/80), IgM activity was also detected two times out of three.


Mobile modules and motifs


S391 The domestic animal revolution and infiuenza


Index to Authors


P206 Results from the testing of a national influenza A RNA sensitivity panel


5580967 Optimized catalytic DNA-cleaving ribozymes : Joyce Gerald Encinitas, CA, United States Assigned to The Scripps Research Institute


Ancient diseases, modern views


title: A 106 kDa form of aminopeptidase is a receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis CryIC δ-endotoxin in the brush border membrane of Manduca sexta

text: A soluble 106 kDa protein with aminopeptidase activity was isolated from Manduca sexta using CryIC toxin-affinity and anion-exchange chromatographies. Based on internal amino acid sequence analysis and different mobilities obtained with non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the 106 kDa aminopeptidase is distinct from a previously described 115 kDa CryIAc-binding aminopeptidase. The 106 kDa protein was preferentially precipitated by CryIC relative to CryIAc toxin. The 106 kDa form, like the 115 kDa aminopeptidase, has a cross-reacting determinant typical of a cleaved glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. On ligand blots, CryIAc recognized membrane bound 120 and soluble 115 kDa aminopeptidases, but not the soluble 106 kDa form. The results show that CryIC and CryIAc -endotoxins recognize functionally related, but structurally distinct 106 kDa and 115 kDa isoforms of aminopeptidase in the M. sexta midgut.


5015476 Immunization implant and method: Kent C Cochrum, Lynnor Stevenson, Scott R King assigned to Paravax Inc


Million women study most wanted in 2003


P204 Self-collected nasal mid-turbinate flocked swabs for molecular respiratory virus diagnosis in symptomatic volunteers


Effect of temperature on metabolic rates of virus and host cells


Patent bibliography


Keyword Index Volume 25


Current awareness in biosensors & bioelectronics


4567042 Inactivated canine coronavirus vaccine: William M Acree, Bobby Edwards, John W Black assigned to American Home Products Corporation


title: Identification of an enzootic diarrhea (“Shasta river crud”) in Northern California as potomac horse fever

text: A disease entity known as the “Shasta River crud” (SRC) has been recognized for at least 25 years in areas of Siskiyou and Shasta counties, in far northern California. It is characterized by anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, variable fever, and in some cases laminitis, and is tetracycline responsive. The incidence is seasonal, with cases occurring in the spring and summer months near the Shasta and Klamath rivers. Limited serologic testing has provided some suggestion that the illness may be linked to Ehrlichia risticii, the agent of Potomac horse fever. Here we report the identification of E. risticii genomic DNA in blood buffy-coat cells from horses with SRC, and so provide the first definitive evidence that this enzootic diarrhea is in fact Potomac horse fever.


5015568 Diagnostic methods for detecting lymphomas in humans: Yoshihid Tsujimoto, Carlo A Croce assigned to The Wistar Institute


34 Intérêt du voriconazole dans les infections fungiques respiratoires de patients non aplasiques


INDEX TO VOLUME I, 1975


Keyword Index Volume 30, 2006


Corrigendum to “Geranylated flavonoids displaying SARS-CoV papain-like protease inhibition from the fruits of Paulownia tomentosa” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. 21 (2013) 3051–3057]


Index to volume 12


Supporting Emerging Infectious Disease Education Through Utilization of “At-A-Glance” Guides for Infection Prevention and Containment Unit Staff


Contents page


Antioxidants, Nutrition & Health


Lung cancer handbook: Cruz CMA Dela, Kato H. Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur (Switzerland), 1993


Medical imaging informatics research and development trends—an editorial


In reply:


Offline: 2015—the year to rebuild WHO


Index to volume 42, January–June 2003()


S17.2 Pan-resistant bugs (A. baumanii and P. aeruginosa): Antimicrobial therapy and infection control


Essential drugs and regimens in hematological oncology.: A Polliack. Harwood Academic Publishers, Paris, Philadelphia, Tokyo, Melbourne, 1993


News View


PL1 H. umezawa memorial lecture: Antibiotic usage: Historical perspective and challenges


title: LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA

text: Infection plays a significant role in the morbidity and mortality of the elderly. One population in which infection has not been adequately studied is the elderly asthmatic. This article examines the problems of lower respiratory tract infections in elderly asthmatics in the context of their host defenses, the severity of infection, and their risk of infection with specific organisms. The role of infection in the pathogenesis of asthma and consideration of prophylaxis and therapy are presented.


Index to volume 4


S393 Bats: important hosts of emerging viruses


title: Some properties of the Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell line from carp cyprinus carpio

text: A cell line, named Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) and originating from carp epidermal herpes virus-induced hyperplastic lesions, was esta blished and has now given rise to more than 80 subcultures. It grows within a wide temperature range (15–33°C), survives between 7 and 10°C for several months without alterations in its further virus susceptibility and growth characteristics, and degenerates at 37°C. Its karyotype is 2n=96. It propagates most of the systemic infection viruses of the fish families Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, Anguillidae and Esocidae, as well as Indiana-type vesicular stomatitis virus. Despite the origin of EPC cells, we were unable to demonstrate the presence of herpes virus in them. Their transformation was reflected in their karyotype (normally 2n=100) and by their growth ability in soft agar medium; monolayer growth, however, was inhibited at a density of 3×10(6) cells/cm(2). The temperature growth range, good splitting ratio (1/10) and virus susceptibility make EPC cells a highly suitable material both for fish pathology and for comparative virology studies.


November 9–15, 2013


Index to CMN Volume 36, 2014


Short TOC


P203 Earlier identification of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus in high-risk emergency departments


O487 RespiFinder-kit:simultaneous detection of 15 atypical viruses commonly involved in respiratory tract infections


S30.3 Severe acute respiratory syndrome


P1510 Traveller diarrhoea. Aetiological study in a tropical medicine unit


Pathologie infectieuse la menace des virus émergents


Forthcoming articles


Infections, inflammatory markers and schizophrenia


A surfeit of SARS


Patent survey on biotechnology advances


Immunology and blood transfusion: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Symposium on Blood Transfusion, Groningen 1992, organized by the Red Cross Blood Bank Groningen-Drenthe. CT Smit Sibinga, PC Das, TH The. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 1993


title: Interaction of influenza virus with swine alveolar macrophages: Influence of anti-virus antibodies and cytochalasin B

text: Interactions between swine influenza virus and swine alveolar macrophages were studied in vitro. Cell lysis occurred 24 h post-infection and was shown by a decreased neutral red uptake. UV inactivation of the influenza virus, or the addition of anti-influenza antibodies suppressed the virus-induced macrophage lysis. Inversely, pretreatment of swine alveolar macrophages by a phagocytosis inhibitor, namely cytochalasin B, increased the cell susceptibility to virus-induced lysis. The present in vitro studies support the hypothesis that defects in pulmonary antibacterial mechanisms associated with influenza infections are partly due to a direct toxic effect of the virus on alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, the studies show that virus-induced macrophage lysis is influenced by specific humoral immune responses and by modifications in microfilament cell functions.


INDEX TO VOLUME II, 1975


Maladies infectieuses: les anciennes et les modernes


Dans l’asthme intermittent de l’enfant entre 2 et 5 ans, le montelukast réduit la fréquence des exacerbations (étude PREVIA)


O489 Cost-effective method for differentiation between Salmonella species and other members of the Enterobacteriacae referred to the national Salmonella reference laboratory in England and Wales


5418152 Acidic polycyclic ether antibiotic : Cullen Walter; Dirlam John P; Maeda Hiroshi; Tone Junsuke East Lyme, CT, United States Assigned to Pfizer Inc


title: Acylation of proteins — a new type of modification of membrane glycoproteins

text: Fatty acids are covalently attached to many membrane glycoproteins during their biosynthesis.


ASCOT pips SARS at the post


S338 Medical challenges in migrants


A7.5 In Vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in Asia - Tigecycline evaluation surveillance trial (T.E.S.T.)


Beyond Ebola: Standardizing the Approach to High Consequence Infection Preparation


4902623 Plasminogen activator: Eugene B D Dowdle, Cape Town, South Africa assigned to South African Inventions Development Corporation


A System for Identification of Patients Who May Have a Contagious Respiratory Illness


O350 Epidemiology and diagnosis of epidemic and avian influenza in Australia


4824668 Attenuated infectious bursal disease virus strain and vaccine therefrom: Fred W Melchior, Lillia Melson assigned to Sterwin Laboratories Inc


S32.3 Community-acquired pneumonia in Asia


Manual of clinical microbiology 8th edition: P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, J. H. Jorgenson, M. A. Pfaller, and R. H. Yolken, eds., ASM Press, 2003, 2113 pages, 2 vol, 2003 + subject & author indices, ISBN: 1-555810255-4, US$ 189.95


CLSI announces availability of new CLSI microbiology documents


Graphical abstract TOC


Upcoming TOC


Expanded TOC


Volume contents and index to volume 1


Subject index to volume 5


Meetings & notices


Carlo Urbani


Human pathogens in water: insights into their biology and detection


O349 Molecular epidemiology, genotypes and recombination of coronavirus HKU1, a novel human coronavirus associated with respiratory tract infections


RNA pseudoknots


SERUM BIOMARKERS FOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS


S17.4 Preparing for emerging nosocomial pathogens: Lessons from SARS in singapore


Contents Volume 25


Human and veterinary medicine symbiosis()


Cold wars: the fight against the common cold: David Tyrrell and Michael Fielder. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2002. 253 pp. $24.95 Hardcover. ISBN: 0-1926-3285-X


The association between APEC strains and some viruses in broilers


Index to Volume 27


Software


S30.2 Risk infections and bioterrorism


A7.2 Antibacterial effect of mupirocin versus Helicobacter pylori in vitro


THE MICROBIOME-THE MISSING LINK IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA


Index to volume 8


Public health issues – an update: Recent news from the American Public Health Association, the World Health Organization, and other health care agencies


S340 Emerging viral diseases: fighting an uphill battle


title: Biotechnology: Paper alert

text: A selection of interesting papers that were published in the two months before our press date in major journals most likely to report significant results in biotechnology.


P1728 Multiplexed molecular testing for the detection of human respiratory viruses using the TM Bioscience ID-Tag RVP assay


P205 Development and inter-laboratory analysis of a quantitative influenza A RT-PCR


S345 What's in the pipeline?Cell wall inhibitors/miscellaneous metabolism inhibitors


Distinct cellular functions mediated by haemopoietic cell-surface proteases


Communication orale


Golgi views fall to aggregate : WEISZ, O. A., SWIFT, A. M. and MACHAMER, C. E. (1993) Oligomerization of a membrane protein correlates with its retention in the Golgi complex J. Cell Biol. 122, 1185–1196 NILSSON, T., SIUSAREWICZ, P., HOE, M. H. and WARREN, G. (1993) Kin recognition FEBS Lett. 330, 1–4 BRETSCHER, M. S. and MUNRO, S. (1993) Cholesterol and the Golgi apparatus Science 261, 1280–1281


5580786 Dual Chamber blood culture bottle with syringe capture and piston assembly : Gombrich Peter; Domanik Richard A; Mayer William Chicago, IL, United States Assigned to AccuMed Inc


title: A Cool Drink on a Hot Day – Hospital-Acquired Legionella Pneumonia

text: ISSUE: A proactive Legionella control program combining continuous disinfection of the water distribution system, environmental sampling and active case detection was established in a large urban hospital in the early 1990's. While cases of community-acquired disease are generally seen in the area during the rainy spring months, no patients had been identified with hospital acquired infection until Sept. 2005, after a particularly hot, dry summer. PROJECT: In order to prevent additional infections, all systems were immediately reviewed. Routine cultures of hospital sinks and showers had occasionally shown low levels of Legionella pneumophila in less than 30% of samples collected. There were no disruptions in the water supply and readings from the copper-silver ionization system were within range. Although the hospital's hot water supply is disinfected by the system, the cold water supply is not treated since the cooler water is not considered to be at increased risk for Legionella multiplication. After the case was identified, cultures were collected from additional water sources, including the new state of the art ice and water dispenser that served the patient unit. Maintenance personnel provided documentation that the unit was cleaned and sanitized as per manufacturer's instructions and provided the service manual for review. RESULTS: Cultures collected from the dispenser's water chute showed confluent growth of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Isolates from the environment and patient submitted to a reference lab for Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) had identical patterns. Periodic cleaning procedures in the manual stated that a chlorinated cleaning solution (200 ppm available chlorine) should be used, followed by a sanitizing solution (50 ppm). Since this sequence was reversed from our usual disinfection practices, the manufacturer of the recommended cleaner was contacted. The company was unaware that their product was mentioned and confirmed that these steps were incorrectly listed. Another factor leading to the disinfection failure was identified- maintenance personnel did not realize that the solutions were to be 75°F-125°F. LESSONS LEARNED: During the hot summer months, water coming in from the municipal water supply was reported to be unusually warm, theoretically allowing small numbers of Legionella in the water to multiply. While the preventative maintenance schedule was being followed according to the manufacturer's instructions, the incorrect dilution sequence and low temperature of the solution used potentially allowed the interior surfaces of the machine to develop a biofilm layer containing Legionella - a problem common in our hard water area. While we thought that our high-tech, proactive system was working wonderfully, all it took was a cool drink on a hot day to break our winning streak of Legionella prevention. And an unfortunate patient with a history of aspiration.


Reviews of Books


Résultats de la surveillance de la grippe en France-Sud (octobre 1979 à avril 1980)


P1512 Wave of undocumented migrants in the Canary Islands: new challenges for European microbiologists


P1729 Clinical evaluation of the NucliSENS analyte specific reagents for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in paediatric respiratory specimens


Index to volume I and contents volume


P1726 Direct identification and susceptibility testing of staphylococci from positive BacTec blood cultures with WalkAway system


4568362 Gasification method and apparatus for lignocellulosic products: Xavier Deglise, Georges Meunier, Philippe Schlicklin, Nancy, France assigned to Tunzini-Nessi Entreprises d'Equipements


Respiratory viruses associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children: matched case-control study: Rhedin S, Lindstrand A, Hjelmgren A, et al. Thorax. 2015;70:847-853


S32.2 SARS — Future perspectives from past experiences


A million women can't be wrong


Issue highlilghts


Index of Subjects, Volume 18


4567146 Synthetic plasmid and bacteria containing it: Nicholas J Brewin, Andrew W B Johnston, Cringleford, United Kingdom assigned to National Research Development Corporation


Neonatal foals and hyperimmunized egg protein—A viable therapy?


STATIN USE AT TIME OF RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR HISTORY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND RISK OF SUBSEQUENT CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS


P1727 Analysis of the comparative work-.ow and accuracy of the VITEK 2 Compact and the combination mini-API/Agar diffusion SIRSCAN method


5580778 Isolation and diagnosis of coronaviruses as a factor in bovine shipping fever, and a cell line for culturing both those and other bovine coronaviruses : Storz Johannes Baton Rouge, LA, United States Assigned to Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College


A7.4 In Vitro antibacterial activity of DX-619, a novel des-fluoro(6)-quinolone, against multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria


S347 The natural product approach: advances over the last 10 years that make it an attractive approach again


Le taux de mortalité du SRAS a été estimé à 13,2 % chez les moins de 60 ans et à 43,3 % chez les plus de 60 ans


Partial contents of volume 28, number 2


CLINICAL VIRAL INFECTIONS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS


title: Milk immunoglobulins for health promotion

text: The biological function of bovine colostral immunoglobulins is to provide the newborn calf with adequate passive immune protection against microbial infections. Immunoglobulin preparations designed for farm animals are commercially available, and some colostrum-based products are marketed also for humans as dietary supplements. The concentration of specific antibodies against a certain pathogenic microorganism can be raised in colostrum and milk by immunizing cows with this pathogen or its antigen. Advances in bioseparation and chromatographic techniques have made it possible to fractionate and enrich these antibodies and formulate so-called hyperimmune colostral or milk preparations. Their efficacy in prevention and treatment of various microbial infections has been evaluated in numerous studies. Immune milk preparations have proven effective in prophylaxis against infections caused by a variety of gastrointestinal pathogens. Their therapeutic efficacy, however, seems more limited. A few commercial immune milk products are already on market and more applications can be expected in the coming years. This article reviews the recent progress made in isolation techniques of bovine immunoglobulins and the application of colostral and immune milk preparations in fighting various microbial infectious diseases in humans.


5418165 Cold tolerant Trichoderma : McBeath Jenifer H Fairbanks, AK, United States Assigned to The University of Alaska-Fairbanks


341 Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Diagnosing Respiratory Viral Infections in an Urban Emergency Department


5420031 Gypsy moth virus with enhanced polyhedra production stability : Slavicek James M; Mercer Melissa J Dublin, OH, United States Assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture


Index to volume 22: Subjects


S17.3 PK/PD in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia


39: Multicenter Emergency Department Disaster Drill: A Test of New York City Syndromic Surveillance Using Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Model


5013664 Common protein of haemophilus influenzae type B identified by a monoclonal antibody: Bernard R Brodeur, Josee Hamel, Serge Montplaisir, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada


33 Légionellose : les leçons d’une épidémie


5580769 CD8+ cell antiviral factor : Levy Jay A; Mackewicz Carl E San Francisco, CA, United States Assigned to The Regents of The University of California


A7.3 Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease by Isatis indigotica root and plant-derived phenolic compounds


S346 The compound bank approach: complementing to increase the chance of success


rab8 defines domain-specific post-Golgi transport vesicles : HUBER, L. A. et al. (1993) Rab8, a small GTPase involved in vesicular traffic between the TGN and the basolateral plasma membrane J. Cell Biol. 123, 35–45 HUBER, L. A. et al. (1993) Protein transport to the dendritic plasma membrane of cultured neurons is regulated by rab8p J. Cell Biol. 123, 47–55


31 Formes pauci symptomatiques du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS) : à propos d’un cas avéré


Contents volume 12


Index to volume 24


News of dentistry and orthodontics


S31.1 Surveillance: Utilizing statistical process control charts and feedback mechanisms in reducing resistant organisms and healthcare-associated infections


Statins surpass SARS


5580785 Field-portable toxicity tester : Stiffey Arthur; Nicolaids Thomas G Slidell, LA, United States Assigned to Lumitox Gulf L C


What's Coming in Annals ● September 2013


title: Light and electronic microscopic studies of the changes in the intestinal mucosa of gnotobiotic calves infected with a wild rotavirus

text: Experimental infection of four gnotobiotic calves by a rotavirus isolated from the faeces of diarrheic calves caused non-fatal diarrhoea without dehydration. Lesions of the alimentary mucosa appear well before the onset of diarrhoea and are characterized by a release of mucus in the anterior part of the intestine. By the time diarrhoea begin, different types of rotavirus particules are present in the enterocytes of the mucosa, and mucus contents of distal intestine are affected. At this stage of the disease, the virus causes epithelial cells in the small intestine to desquamate and changes the secretion of mucus in the small as well as the large intestine. The very intense virus multiplication is completed within 18 h. Intracellular rotavirus disappear very quickly after the onset of diarrhoea, and cannot be detected even during the acute phase of the disease. Regeneration of the mucosa takes place slowly, and the cellular and structural lesions are still visible more than 4 days after the diarrhoea stopped.


Mini-editorial


314 Identifying Acute HIV Infection in the Emergency Department


Significance of viral agents as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in zaire()


P1513 KAP evaluation about travel medicine in international travellers and medical students in Chile


title: Enterovirus replication in ileal explants

text: Porcine enterovirus 3 replicated in explants of fœtal pig intestine, as was shown using photosensitization with neutral red to distinguish between inoculum and progeny virus. Progeny virus titres reached 10(5)–10(6)/ml with 2–4 days' incubation.


title: Revelation through exploitation: the viral model for intracellular traffic

text: Enveloped viruses exploit the existing routes of membrane traffic to enter and leave the host cell. The similarity between viral envelopes and cellular membranes has allowed the use of animal viruses as probes to examine aspects of intracellular traffic.


title: Extracellular Vesicles in ARDS: New Insights into Pathogenesis with Novel Clinical Applications

text: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of acute respiratory failure that develops following several clinical disorders, including pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration and major trauma. Despite numerous clinical trials, there is still no effective pharmacotherapy available for ARDS patients. However, recent research on extracellular vesicles provides new insights into pathogenesis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic options for ARDS. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound anuclear structures which constitute a recently recognized and important intercellular communication mechanism, allowing targeted transfer of diverse biologic cargo between different cell types. There is new evidence that extracellular vesicles play an important role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and also potentially a protective role. In this chapter, we highlight recent translational and clinical studies that have advanced our understanding of the critical role extracellular vesicles play in both inducing and attenuating inflammatory lung injury in ARDS. This review also considers the wide range of potential clinical applications for extracellular vesicles, ranging from use as biomarkers of lung injury to therapeutic agents for ARDS. Extracellular vesicles represent a new frontier for research in ARDS.


THE SHIFTING PARADIGM OF HEALTHCARE


Unterfunktion des Immunsystems (Immundefizienzen)


title: Infusionstherapie und Ernährung von Risikogruppen

text: Besondere Situationen erfordern ein besonderes Vorgehen spezifische Physiologie von Patientengruppen (z. B. Früh- oder Neugeborene), Auswirkungen von therapeutischen Maßnahmen (z. B. Operationen), Pathophysiologie von Erkrankungen (z. B. angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Erkrankungen des onkologischen, rheumatischen oder atopischen Formenkreises, Anorexia nervosa, Bulimie oder Adipositas) oder; besondere körperliche Belastungen [z. B. (Leistungs-)Sport]. Bekannte Strategien werden systematisch und prägnant dargestellt und diskutiert. Die Beschäftigung mit der Ernährung von »Risikogruppen« übt das Erkennen und den Umgang von potenziellen Gefahrensituationen bei der Verordnung von bilanzierter Ernährung. So sollte auch derjenige von dem Kapitel profitieren, der sich mit den behandelten Patientengruppen, Situationen, Erkrankungen üblicherweise nicht beschäftigen muss.


Entzündliche Erkrankungen


title: Epidemiologische Grundlagen

text: Eine Vielzahl an Faktoren tragen zu erhöhten nosokomialen Infektionsraten bei. Die Lebenserwartung und damit der Anteil alter Patienten mit z. T. chronischen Krankheiten steigen stetig an. Medizinische Fortschritte in Diagnostik und Therapie führen zu einer höheren Anzahl der dafür erforderlichen Eingriffe. Es werden immer häufiger immunsupprimierte Patienten (Infektiologie, Rheumatologie, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Transplantation von Organen usw.) behandelt. Das zunehmende Problem der Antibiotikaresistenz von Erregern und die Konsequenzen nosokomialer Infektionen erfordern eine verlässliche Epidemiologie auf diesem Gebiet. Konsequenzen betreffen einerseits Patienten, bei denen es zu einer erhöhten Morbidität und Letalität durch nosokomiale Infektionen kommt, aber andererseits auch das Gesundheitswesen, dem zusätzliche — vermeidbare? — finanzielle Belastungen entstehen. Evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen, bei denen der jeweilige Einzelfall und die örtlichen Besonderheiten ebenfalls Berücksichtigung finden, sind Voraussetzung für eine sinnvolle und kosteneffektive Vorgehensweise zur Senkung der nosokomialen Infektionsrate. In vielen Studien sind Häufigkeiten und Folgen verschiedener nosokomialer Infektionsarten sowie Maßnahmen zu ihrer Prävention untersucht worden. Um die Qualität solcher Studien und die darauf basierenden Empfehlungen von Experten, die ja oftmals ebenfalls mit Kosten verbunden sind, kritisch beurteilen zu können, ist epidemiologisches Wissen unverzichtbar. Dies beinhaltet selbstverständlich auch die Kenntnis der jeweiligen Erreger solcher Infektionen sowie das Wissen um erregerspezifische Übertragungswege. Die Epidemiologie nosokomialer Infektionen ist daher die Grundlage ihrer eigenen Verbesserung. »Es gibt nicht Kranke und Gesunde, sondern es gibt nur Untersuchte und nicht Untersuchte« (Johannes Rau, ehemaliger Bundespräsident).


title: Multiple Sklerose

text: Die multiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine der häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen, für deren Ursache es bislang keine einheitliche Erklärung gibt. Grund pfeiler der Diag nostik ist die Klinik, ergänzt durch die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT). Eine Liquoruntersuchung zum Nachweis der entzündlichen Genese nachgewiesener multifokaler Störungen ist bei allen unklaren Fällen und bei älteren Patienten erforderlich. Zur Bestätigung und Verlaufskontrolle sind elektrophysiologische Verfahren hilfreich. Die MS verläuft anfangs oft schubförmig-remit tierend, später dann schubförmig- oder sekundär chronisch-progredient. Die kausale Behandlung erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von der Krankheitsaktivität mit Steroiden im akuten Schub und immunmodulatorisch oder immun suppressive entsprechend der vorliegenden Verlaufsform und ihrer Dynamik. Symptomatische Therapiemaßnahmen tragen ganz wesentlich zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und -erwartung bei und werden individuell an die Bedürfnisse angepasst.


Triterpene einschließlich Steroide


S31.2 Surveillance: The basics during an outbreak


S17.1 Issues and concerns in the management of healthcare-associated pneumonia in the Philippines


title: Ersatz von Blut und Blutkomponenten

text: Die Gabe von Blut und Blutprodukten bedarf einer strengen Indikationstellung. Es ist zu berücksichtigen, dass das verschreibungspflichtige Arzneimittel „Blut“ aus verschiedenen Anteilen besteht, deren Gabe zu vielfältigen Nebenwirkungen beim Patienten führen kann. Transfusionsgesetz. Richtlinien zur Gewinnung von Blut und Blutbestandteilen und zur Anwendung von Blutprodukten (Hämotherapie). Leitlinien zur Therapie mit Blutkomponenten und Plasmaderivaten der Bundesärztekammer;


Ernährungsmedizinische Behandlung


title: Prävention durch den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst

text: Die Vermeidung von Erkrankungen und Förderung der Gesundheit sind die traditionellen Arbeitsaufträge an den öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD). Seine konkreten Schwerpunktaufgaben haben sich jedoch den jeweils vorherrschenden Problemstellungen angepasst. Gesundheitsförderung, Prävention und Gesundheitsberichterstattung stehen heute in vielen Bundesländern gleichwertig neben Hygiene, Seuchenbekämpfung, amtsärztlichen Gutachten und den jugendärztlichen Aufgaben wie Schuluntersuchung und Zahngesundheit. Viele Aufgaben des ÖGD in der Prävention, Gesundheitsförderung und Gesundheitsberichterstattung konnten — im Gegensatz zu bisher schon bundesweit geregelten Aufgaben wie etwa der AIDS-Prävention — durch die zuständigkeitsbedingte regionale Diversifizierung zwar keine Standards hervorbringen, jedoch vielfach aufzeigen, wo die originären Stärken des ÖGD in diesen Feldern liegen. Speziell die Kompetenz des ÖGD zur Identifikation und Erreichung gesundheitlich und sozial benachteiligter Menschen und Lebenswelten kann die bisherige Mittelschichtsorientierung der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung verringern helfen, seine Moderationsfunktion zur Bündelung lokaler Ressourcen beitragen. Eine Neuregelung der Gesetzgebung zur Prävention birgt die große Chance, durch qualitative Standards für förderungswürdige präventive Maßnahmen die Stärken des ÖGD zu fördern — sowie einzufordern. Die zukünftig stärkere Nutzung seiner multiprofessionellen Teams und der Verankerung des ÖGD in Kreisen und Städten wird maßgeblich dafür sein, ob es gelingen wird, Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Zukunft das notwendige höhere Gewicht zu verleihen.


4567043 Canine corona virus vaccine: William M Acree, Bobby Edwards, John W Black assigned to American Home Products Corporation (Del)


Lebertransplantation


Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis und Lungenemphysem


Drogennotfälle


Uncharakteristisches Fieber (UF), afebrile Allgemeinreaktion (AFAR), Luftwegekatarrhe, Tonsillitis


title: Epidemiological characteristics and transmissibility of shigellosis in Hubei Province, China, 2005 – 2017

text: BACKGROUND: Shigellosis is one of the main diarrhea diseases in developing countries. However, the transmissibility of shigellosis remains unclear. METHODS: We used the dataset of shigellosis cases reported between January 2005 and December 2017, from Hubei Province, China. A mathematical model was developed based on the natural history and the transmission mechanism of the disease. By fitting the data using the model, transmission relative rate from person to person (b) and from reservoir to person (b(w)), and the effective reproduction number (R(eff)) were estimated. To simulate the contribution of b and b(w) during the transmission, we performed a “knock-out” simulation in four scenarios: A) b = 0 and b(w) = 0; B) b = 0; C) b(w) = 0; D) control (no intervention). RESULTS: A total of 130,770 shigellosis cases were reported in Hubei province, among which 13 cases were dead. The median annual incidence was 19.96 per 100,000 persons (range: 5.99 per 100,000 persons – 29.47 per 100,000 persons) with a decreased trend (trend χ(2) = 25,470.27, P < 0.001). The mean values of b and b(w) were 0.0898 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0851–0.0946) and 1.1264 × 10(− 9) (95% CI: 4.1123 × 10(− 10)–1.8416 × 10(− 9)), respectively. The “knock-out” simulation showed that the number of cases simulated by scenario A was almost the same as scenario B, and scenario C was almost the same as scenario D. The mean value of R(eff) of shigellosis was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.13–1.25) and decreased slightly with a Linear model until it decreased to an epidemic threshold of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.65–1.34) in 2029. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of shigellosis is still in high level. The transmissibility of the disease is low in Hubei Province. The transmission would be interrupted in the year of 2029.


Parents' guide to H1N1


October 13–19, 2012


Stalking the next epidemic


Trade, commerce, and public health in Latin America


Li Wenliang


September 29–October 5, 2012


Covid -19 in der Praxis


title: Strategy for the future

text: The impending update to the European Strategy for Particle Physics is an apt moment to chart the future of the field — a future that should be supported and ensured.


June 21–27, 2014


November 23–29, 2013


October 26–November 1, 2013


Offline: The mid-life obituary


October 19–25, 2013


July 20–26, 2013


Lars Olof Lennart Nilsson


February 23–March 1, 2013


December 14–20, 2013


Offline: “Viruses don't need passports”


Poster Section 12: Biotransformation and Drug Transporters


title: PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF HEDYOTIS (RUBIACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA

text: Lewis, Walter H. (Stephen F. Austin State Coll., Nacogdoches, Texas.) Phylogenetic study of Hedyotis (Rubiaceae) in North America. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(8): 855–865. Illus. 1962.—Chromosome numbers for 39 taxa of Hedyotis separable into the subgenera Edrisia (Raf.) Lewis and Oldenlandia (L.) T. & G. are reported. The occurrence of basic numbers of x = 6, 7, 8, 9(10), 11, and 13, including infraspecific aneuploidy in H. nigricans (Lam.) Fosb., illustrates the importance of aneuploidy in the speciation of Hedyotis in contrast to most rubiaceous genera. In the North American subg. Edrisia, 25 species are ranked according to primitive and advanced expressions for 13 characters. It is postulated on the basis of these, ecologic, geographic, and chromosomal data that the x = 11 group gave rise to the x = 13 line by the gain of chromosomes and to the x = (10)9, 8, and 7 groups by reduction. Those species with a basic number of 6 are thought to have an Asian origin. Although aneuploidy has been dominant in the evolution of subg. Edrisia, only 12% of the species are polyploids. The development of polyploid races in 3 species, H. caerulea (L.) Hook., H. polypremoides (Gray) Shinners, and H. purpurea (L.) T. & G., however, suggests a greater role of polyploidy in the current evolution of Hedyotis.


Research Abstract Program of the 2010 ACVIM Forum


The politics of global health security


July 13–19, 2013


September 21–27, 2013


Een nieuw type coronavirus: MERS-CoV


Immunosuppression for hyperinflammation in COVID-19: a double-edged sword?


Are We Ready for the New Coronavirus?


Revenge lawsuit is a puzzle piece of the global crisis of Italian healthcare system


Erratum to “Binding mechanism of coronavirus main proteinase with ligands and its implication to drug design against SARS” [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 308 (2003) 148–151]


May 18–24, 2013


Viral disaster movie


Understanding, preventing, and stopping epidemics


A chronicle of the dark days of 9/11


title: Report on the Green Transformative Development of Industries in China’s Special Economic Zones

text: In order to promote the ecological civilization construction of industries, carry out the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the five major development philosophies, including innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing, it is necessary to resolutely boost green development and push forward industrial transformation and upgrading. As China is entering the era of green transformation and development, the five major special economic zones are actively putting in practice the important path of green development, transformative development, innovative development, harmonious development which have produced preliminary effects.


Pneumonias


title: Design of Synthetic shRNAs for Targeting Hepatitis C: A New Approach to Antiviral Therapeutics

text: Small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) are widely used as gene silencing tools and typically consist of a duplex stem of 19–29 bp, a loop, and often a dinucleotide overhang at the 3′ end. Like siRNAs, shRNAs show promise as potential therapeutic agents due to their high level of specificity and potency, although effective delivery to target tissues remains a challenge. Algorithms used to predict siRNA performance are frequently used to design shRNAs as well. However, the differences between these two kinds of RNAi mediators indicate that the factors affecting target gene silencing will not be the same for siRNAs and shRNAs. Stem and loop lengths, structures of the termini, the identity of nucleotides adjacent to and near the loop, and the position of the guide (antisense) strand all affect the efficacy of shRNAs. In addition, shRNAs with 19-bp or shorter stem lengths are processed and function differently than those with longer stems. In this review, we describe studies of targeting the hepatitis C virus that have provided guidelines for an optimal design for short (19 bp) shRNAs (sshRNAs) that are highly potent, stable in biological fluids, and have minimal immunostimulatory properties.


title: Technical Annexes

text: 7.1 Humanitarian Programs 141; 7.2 Security Sector 153; 7.3 Health Sector 158: Core Disciplines in Disaster Health 161. Primary Health Care Programs 162. Disease Prevention 162. Clinical Facilities 164. Reproductive Health 165. Water and Sanitation 166. Food and Nutrition 171. Chemical Weapons 181. Epi Methods 184; 7.4 Tropical Medicine 187: Tropical Infectious Diseases—Vector-borne and Zoonotic 196. Tropical Infectious Diseases—Non-vector-borne 215; 7.5 Epidemic Preparedness and Response 239; 7.6 Communicable Disease Control 242: Diarrhea 244. Influenza 257. Malaria 263. Measles 267. Meningitis 269. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever 272; 7.7 Diagnostic Laboratory 275: Indications, Laboratory Tests, and Expected Availability 276. Specimen Handling 278; 7.8 Acronyms 282;


title: Global scares, subjective science, and climatologists

text: Global-warming alarmism can be viewed from the broader perspective of global scares as one in a series of panics that rise and often fall; global warming is still in the rise period. Booker and North (2007) documented the details of the rise and fall of various global scares ranging from a wide variety of food scares, to mad cow disease, to dioxins, to the millennium bug, to lead and asbestos, to passive smoking, and finally to global warming.


title: Infectious Diseases: The Role of the Forensic Physician

text: Infections have plagued doctors for centuries, both in the diagnosis of the specific diseases, and the identification and subsequent management of the causative agents. There is a constant need for information as new organisms emerge, existing ones develop resistance to current drugs or vaccines and there are changes in epidemiology and prevalence. In the twenty-first century, obtaining this information has never been more important. Population migration, and the relatively low cost of flying, means that unfamiliar infectious diseases may be brought into industrialised countries. An example of this was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which was first recognised in 2003. Despite modern technology and a huge input of money, it took months for the agent to be identified, a diagnostic test to be produced, and a strategy for disease reporting and isolation to be established.


title: Disease Control, Public Health and Food Safety: Food Policy Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa

text: This chapter reviews the agro-economic environment in Sub-Saharan Africa as it relates to animal production, public health, and disease control to contextualize the concept of risk and food safety. Drawing mostly from the experience of Zambia, it analyzes food safety actors and interests in Sub-Saharan Africa, and provides an outline of the general regulatory framework that is in place on the continent, to explain how food safety governance is impacted by different interest groups and agendas. Two case studies are provided, zoonotic tuberculosis and avian influenza. The chapter demonstrates how the two zoonoses, both important food safety concerns, have been prioritized differently in the case of Zambia, as a result of multiple socio-political and economic factors. The chapter concludes that, in order to be useful, a definition of food safety risks should include multiple contextual issues and stakeholders along the food supply chain. It is important to keep in mind what national food safety governance actors perceive the risks to be, and how their definitions fit into the broader picture of food safety in general. Food safety governance regulatory processes should take into consideration local realities, local food supply chains and local food safety threats to ensure the appropriateness and sustainability of any and all disease control measures instituted. Context will always matter, and therefore, local ecological, biological and policy considerations should be given primacy.


title: Prevention and Treatment of Yeast and Endemic Fungal Infections

text: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain an important complication of solid organ transplantation owing to their significant morbidity and mortality and include infections due to Candida, Cryptococcus, endemic mycosis, and other rare yeasts and molds. IFIs occur in different intervals posttransplantation and depend on a number of extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors, some of which are specific to the type of organs transplanted, surgical techniques, and type of immunosuppressive medications. Donor-derived IFIs and emergence of new multidrug-resistant yeasts have been reported in various healthcare settings. Clinical manifestations of yeast and endemic fungal infections vary in different types of organ transplants. Diagnosis of IFIs in SOT recipients is challenging due to their nonspecific signs and symptoms owing to the impaired inflammatory responses as a result of immunosuppression and the lack of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic modalities. Early diagnosis is key to successful therapy, and physicians should have a high index of suspicion based on risk factors and epidemiology of these pathogens. Antifungal treatment strategies for yeast infections have been outlined in various society guidelines. Management of complications that arise before or during antifungal therapy is critical for optimizing clinical response.


& Management


Interview mit René Ballnus


Wissenschaft Aktuell


Forschung & Lehre


Textes juridiques


Un sommet mondial sur la préparation aux coronavirus à Washington


Coronavirus : la pandémie !


Myositis


El-Moro-Canyon-Virus


Schistosomiasis


title: SARS-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

text: Humanes SARS-Coronavirus


Differenzialdiagnose der Viruskrankheiten


title: Protein Structure Hierarchy

text: The complexity of protein structures requires a description of their structural components. This chapter describes the elements of protein secondary structure — regular local structural patterns — such as helices, sheets, turns, and loops. Helices and sheets tend to fall into specific regions in the {ϕ, ψ} space of the Ramachandran plot (see Figures 28 and 29). The corresponding width and shape of each region reflects the spread of that motif as found in proteins.


title: Severe Tropical Infections

text: Severe infection with multiorgan involvement is one of the most common cause of ICU admission in tropical countries. Close monitoring and supportive therapy is the mainstay of treatment in most of these infections, but some of them have specific therapies. Rapid identification of treatable infection is imperative for a better outcome.


title: Cardiology

text: • CARDIAC • myocardial—myocardial infarction, angina • valvular—aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation


title: Erythroderma

text: Erythroderma, often described as generalized exfoliative dermatitis, is a condition in which erythema involves greater than 90% of the body surface, often as a result of an underlying inflammatory skin condition, which can result in a variety of systemic manifestations and potentially lead to life-threatening complications.


title: Online samenwerken in teams

text: Wat kunnen sociale media betekenen voor leren en samenwerken in organisaties en teams? Sociale media maken het mogelijk om virtueel samen te werken in een team, met collega’s uit je eigen organisatie, maar ook uit andere organisaties; je hoeft niet langer bij elkaar op kantoor te zitten om te ‘overleggen’. Hoe doe je dit? Is het nodig dat je duidelijk afspraken maakt over hoe je tools gebruikt? We zullen in dit hoofdstuk eerst aandacht besteden aan virtuele teams, maar ook aangeven hoe je met webtools het leren en samenwerken in teams die wel op dezelfde locatie zitten kunt ondersteunen. We introduceren de rol van een technology steward en het begrip ‘de grenzeloze facilitator’. We presenteren een stappenplan om tools te introduceren bij teams die op afstand samenwerken. Vervolgens besteden we aandacht aan leren in teams en specifieke interventies om met sociale media het teamwerk te versterken. Wat kun je met sociale media bij teams die niet goed functioneren?


Singapore


title: Institutional, Technological, and Strategic Factors in the Global Integrated-Circuit Industry: The Persistence of Organizational Forms

text: Technological change and the globalization of industries are forces fundamentally reshaping relationships among countries. These twin forces also strongly influence the competitive environment in which firms are enmeshed and the role their strategies play in the evolution of economies and industries. Understanding the relational dynamics between technological change and globalization on the one hand and country-based institutional and firm-based strategic responses on the other can provide possible explanations as to why industries have evolved into the structures that exist today, as well as offer insights into how these structures will continue to evolve. In our study we observed recursive ebbs and flows between the technological and globalization factors that conditioned the developmental path of a country’s economy, affected the industrial trajectory and competitive environment existing in the integrated-circuit industry, and influenced the survival of firms competing in that industry


title: A Framework for Social Development Assessment

text: This chapter presents a new model of thinking for evaluating social development work. The social assessment framework put forward is based on TNS stakeholder management model, TRI*M, and focuses on the critical area of how aid and donor organizations can assess the effectiveness of social development programs. The Millennium Development Goals have opened up a two way street between donors and beneficiaries and has provided for a need to look at social development assessment from a new perspective. The reader is taken through a journey of how the model came about, challenges faced during the process, and a vision for how the model will be used in the future. The two basic components of the model, the Program Effectiveness Index and the TRI*M Grid for understanding program drivers, are explained. A case study covering the Tsunami relief effort in Aceh, where the model was used for the first time, is included as an example of how TNS was able to deliver insight and clear direction in an otherwise complex environment. A client perspective is also provided both in terms of needs assessment and actions taken by UNICEF as a result. The chapter concludes with a reflection of what the future holds and the opportunity to apply the framework in other countries as well as for different situations.


title: The Emergence of Zoonotic Pathogens as Agents of Concern in Transfusion Medicine

text: A variety of emerging infections are of interest to transfusion medicine clinicians, but zoonotic pathogens, those maintained in nonhuman hosts and transmitted to humans, have dominated recent discussions, especially emerging acute viral infections that can or might spread around a shrinking globe with unprecedented speed, in an infected human or an infected vector or reservoir host. Further, advanced pathogen discovery techniques (e.g., metagenomics) allow the identification of potential pathogens before their recognition as clinically relevant to transfusion medicine. In the aftermath of our experiences with HIV and posttransfusion hepatitis, our windows for response to such agents and infections have contracted rapidly. These characteristics pose difficult challenges for our development of surveillance and control regimes capable of timely, but appropriately nuanced, responses. This monograph surveys a selection of such agents, exploring their apparent relevance to transfusion medicine, closing with a framework for an ongoing approach to their surveillance, recognition, threat evaluation, and mitigation.


Detecting and Responding to Bioterrorism


Schlafkrankheit


title: Severe Tropical Infections

text: A 26-year-old female patient presented with high-grade fever for 10 days followed by pedal edema and decreased urine output for 4 days. She developed shortness of breath for last 2 days which was associated with dry cough. There was no history of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea. History of epistaxis was present for 1 day. No history of travel to another place was present. On examination, she was conscious, well oriented. Her pulse rate was 124/min, blood pressure was 90/60 mmHg and SpO (2) was 86% on room air. Eschar was present under the left breast. On auscultation, bilateral crepitations were present. Cardiovascular examination revealed no abnormality. Blood Investigations revealed hemoglobin—9.0 mg/dl, platelet count—70,000/mm (3) , blood urea—108 mg/dl, serum creatinine—1.6 mg/dl, blood sugar—91 mg/dl, SGOT/PT—440/235. X-ray chest was suggestive of bilateral diffuse alveolar shadows. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed pH—7.38, pO (2) —58 mmHg, pCO (2) —44 mmHg, HCO (3) —15 mmol/L, SaO (2) —86%.


title: Frugal Medical Technologies and Adaptive Solutions: Field-Based Applications

text: In our previous chapter, we explore the various innovation processes that comprise frugal innovation as well as novel innovation paradigms including open and reverse innovation. Importantly, we not only define the theoretical dimensions of these innovation processes but also the functional outputs in the form of tangible technologies/devices. But while the intellectual components of these processes are critical, what does this mean for the future of humanitarian medicine and innovation? The fact of the matter is that the deployment of innovation processes in conflict and crisis situations will likely consist of an amalgam of these processes that is utilized as a catalyst for high-functioning problem-solving in the field. The reality is that crisis and conflict situations are not black and white; thus the solutions developed in the field are likely to reflect this. This is where we examine the field-based applications of these technologies and their specific capacities to preserve human life. But before we delve into these medical devices, who are these devices meant for? There are three critical stakeholders in any humanitarian healthcare operation: humanitarian practitioners (i.e., doctors, nurses, aides, relief workers), community health workers (i.e., frontline public health workers from indigenous communities), and crisis-stricken communities themselves. While the scope and capacity to utilize devices varies among these groups, nonetheless, it is vital that each one of these stakeholders be properly retrofitted with the most basic of equipment, technology, and devices. In this book we take this a step further and examine how we can not only enhance the retrofitting of humanitarian operators but also their respective problem-solving and innovation processes to create “adaptive solutions.” We define these as high-utility, unconventional solutions that are derived in resource-poor settings. The reality is that while we can provide frugal devices to individuals, how do we stimulate continued innovation and the implementation of adaptive solutions on the ground? The innovation process is just as important as the device itself—a paradigm that is often overlooked.


title: A Risk Society

text: “Risk society” is a concept that was first framed by the German sociologist Ulrich Beck in Risk Society in 1986. In Beck’s view, the modern society had deviated from (Karl Marx’s) class society or (Max Weber’s) industrial society and had developed into a social form that is highly modern, known as the “risk society.” Social theories based on unequal distribution of wealth (the functional theory, Marxism, and various kinds of postindustrial or postmodern theories that derived from it) have lost their interpretability when it comes to the crisis and inequality in the distribution of risks. Therefore, there needs to be a turn in social theories, that is to say, “risk sociology” needs to be advanced with problem awareness being “how to avoid, minimize, and direct risks or hazards systematically created as a part of modernization.”


SARS preparations stepped up worldwide


2019-nCoV-Pneumonie ähnelt radiologisch SARS und MERS


US NIH issues funding for SARS vaccine development


Plans for EU disease control centre given boost


One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic()


Pneumonies aiguës communautaires (PAC) de l’adulte : focus sur les PAC virales


The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus()


ICER's timelines for assessments extended due to COVID-19


Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) : l’hypothèse chameau


Acute respiratory infection caused by the human metapneumovirus: Analysis of 39 cases()


QCM Évaluez-vous !


Polyomaviridae : une nouvelle recrue, le WU


Physician Assistants’ Role in Twenty-First Century Infectious Diseases


Avant-Propos()


Chloroquine : pas d’efficacité sur le virus Ebola


Avant-Propos: Actualités en virologie


Néo-Coronavirus au Moyen-Orient


Il est temps de chercher à maîtriser le virus Nipah


Coronavirus, le retour, en France aussi


Aspectos básicos de la transmisibilidad


Brève: Premier traitement du MERS en essai clinique


La saison virale est lancée


QCM : Évaluez-vous !


MERS-CoV : l’hypothèse chameau est confirmée, mais…


Dix menaces à la santé mondiale en 2019


Nouvelle alerte OMS au coronavirus nouveau


Pneumo Pédiatrie : l'asthme de l'enfant


Cytochemical and autoradiographic observations on tomato bushy stunt virus-induced multivesicular bodies


title: New Trends in the Diagnosis and Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Diseases

text: Despite intensive worldwide control programmes against infectious diseases, including vaccination programmes with the use of DIVA vaccines; mass culling (stamping out policies) and regulation of animal movements; various virus diseases still have a very high negative impact on animal health and welfare. The intensification of animal husbandry; centralisation of large groups of animals in industrial production units; globalization of trade in live animals and/or animal products, bedding and feeds; as well as increased tourism, are all considerable factors in the threat of devastating infectious diseases word-wide. The opening of borders between many countries such as in the European continent contributes greatly to the high-risk situation, where infectious agents may easily travel thousands of miles and then suddenly appear in areas where they are unexpected and probably even unknown. The sudden and unexpected appearance of any infectious disease in a new region, be it a country or a continent, may lead to a delayed or innaccurate diagnosis resulting in the uncontrolled spread of the disease agent to other susceptible populations of animals over large geographic areas. Recent major examples are incidences of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the UK, the extension of rinderpest into the Somali plains and Rift Valley fever (RVF) spread into the Arabian Peninsula. The latest major problem is the occurrence, re-occurrence and rapid spread of influenza virus. All these exemplify the serious economic and social impact of the of highly contagious transboundary animal diseases ( TADs).


Un nouveau coronavirus en Chine : il cible le porc


Épidémiologie et impact clinique des nouveaux virus respiratoires


Guidelines for community-acquired respiratory virus infections in leukaemia pts


title: Entérite aiguë nécrosante du prématuré(): rôle possible d'un adénovirus

text: We report a case of necrotizing enterocolitis in a 30 weeks old premature infant fed with breast milk. No ischemic etiology was present. Bacteriological and parasitological investigations were found to be negative. Only, a positive latex agglutination test for Adenoviruses was detected in stools collected the day of the bloody diarrhea. Detailed microbiological examinations are emphasized by this unusual finding because the role of pathogens in this disease deserves further understanding.


title: PEDIATRIC ALLERGY: Can It Be Prevented?

text: The current paradigm of allergy pathogenesis is that allergy develops in individuals with a genetic predisposition only after they are exposed to allergens (Fig. 1). This hypothesis implies that factors in the environment can determine the initiation of allergic sensitization and can potentially influence the clinical manifestations and severity of disease. Because the prevalence of atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy have increased worldwide in the past several decades, and there is no mechanism for changes in population genetics over this short period of time, changes in the human environment are most likely responsible for these trends. From this line of reasoning, it follows that if the factors responsible for the increasing prevalence can be identified, then there would be an opportunity to develop strategies to reverse these trends. It also would be helpful to identify infants who are at risk for developing allergy, so that preventive strategies could be used most effectively. In this article, studies to determine the contributions of genetics and the environment to the development of allergic diseases in childhood are explored. In addition, progress in identifying risk factors for allergy and preventive therapies for those children at risk are also addressed.


title: Maintaining Places of Social Inclusion: Ebola and the Emergency Department

text: We introduce the concept of places of social inclusion—institutions endowed by a society or a community with material resources, meaning, and values at geographic sites where citizens can access services for specific needs—as taken-for-granted, essential, and inherently precarious. Based on our study of an emergency department that was disrupted by the threat of the Ebola virus in 2014, we develop a process model to explain how a place of social inclusion can be maintained by custodians. We show how these custodians—in our fieldsite, doctors and nurses—experience and engage in institutional work to manage different levels of tension between the value of inclusion and the reality of finite resources, as well as tension between inclusion and the desire for safety. We also demonstrate how the interplay of custodians’ emotions is integral to maintaining the place of social inclusion. The primary contribution of our study is to shine light on places of social inclusion as important institutions in democratic society. We also reveal the theoretical and practical importance of places as institutions, deepen understanding of custodians and custodianship as a form of institutional work, and offer new insight into the dynamic processes that connect emotions and institutional work.


title: Recent advances in understanding inherited deficiencies in immunity to infections

text: The immune system is central to our interactions with the world in which we live and importantly dictates our response to potential allergens, toxins, and pathogens to which we are constantly exposed. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie protective host immune responses against microbial pathogens is vital for the development of improved treatment and vaccination strategies against infections. To that end, inherited immunodeficiencies that manifest with susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and/or fungal infections have provided fundamental insights into the indispensable contribution of key immune pathways in host defense against various pathogens. In this mini-review, we summarize the findings from a series of recent publications in which inherited immunodeficiencies have helped illuminate the interplay of human immunity and resistance to infection.


title: Viren: Definition, Aufbau, Einteilung

text: Viren sind infektiöse Einheiten mit Durchmessern von etwa 16 nm (Circoviren) bis über 300 nm (Pockenviren; ▸Tabelle 2.1). Ihre geringe Größe macht sie ultrafiltrierbar, das heißt, sie werden durch bakteriendichte Filter nicht zurückgehalten. Viren haben sich während der Evolution in Millionen von Jahren entwickelt und an bestimmte Organismen beziehungsweise deren Zellen angepasst. Die infektiösen Viruspartikel oder Virionen bestehen aus Proteinen und sind bei einigen Virustypen von einer Lipidmembran umgeben, die man oft als Hülle oder Envelope bezeichnet; die Partikel enthalten jeweils nur eine Art von Nucleinsäure, nämlich entweder DNA oder RNA. Viren vermehren sich nicht durch Teilung wie Bakterien, Hefen oder andere Zellen, sondern replizieren sich in lebenden Zellen, die sie infizieren. Dort entfalten sie ihre Genomaktiviät und produzieren die Komponenten, aus denen sie aufgebaut sind. Sie codieren weder für eine eigene Proteinsynthesemaschinerie (Ribosomen) noch für energiebildende Stoffwechselsysteme. Viren sind damit intrazelluläre Parasiten.


SARS vaccine to receive funding in the US


title: Contesting the (Super)Natural Origins of Ebola in Macenta, Guinea: Biomedical and Popular Approaches

text: In December 2013, a two-year-old child died from viral haemorrhagic fever in Méliandou village in the South-East of Guinea, and constituted the likely index case of a major epidemic. When the virus was formally identified as Ebola, epidemiologists started to investigate the chains of transmission, while local people were trying to make sense out of these deaths. The epidemic control measures taken by national and international health agencies were soon faced by strong reluctance and a sometimes aggressive attitude of the affected communities. Based on ethnographic work in Macenta (Forest region) in the autumn of 2014 for the Global Outbreak and Alert Response Network (GOARN) of the World Health Organization, this chapter shows that while epidemiologists involved in the outbreak response attributed the first Ebola deaths in the Forest region to the transmission of a virus from an unknown animal reservoir, local citizens believed these deaths were caused by the breach of a taboo. Epidemiological and popular explanations, mainly evolving in parallel, but sometimes overlapping, were driven by different explanatory models: a biomedical model embodying nature in the guise of an animal disease reservoir, which in turn poses as threat to humanity, and a traditional-religious model wherein nature and culture are not dichotomized. The chapter will argue that epidemic responses must be flexible and need to systematically document popular discourse(s), rumours, codes, practices, knowledge and opinions related to the outbreak event. This precious information must be used not only to shape and adapt control interventions and health promotion messages, but also to trace the complex biosocial dynamics of such zoonotic disease beyond the usual narrow focus on wild animals as the sources of infection.


Pneumonies : actualités thérapeutiques et épidémiologiques


Multi-lead QT Screening is Necessary for QT Measurement: Implications for Management of Patients in the COVID-19 Era


The sub-specialty of Foot and Ankle is evolving fast


title: Retour d’expérience des attentats du 13 novembre 2015. Rôle d’une cellule de crise hospitalière

text: Terrorist attacks of November 13, 2015 resulted in a massive rallying in hospitals. The Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital group, particularly involved in the nursing of victims, activated its “Plan Blanc” during that tragic night and applied all previously set principles to provide logistical support to the medical care. The crisis unit gathered around the managing director of the establishment managed this implementation in various dimensions: human resources mobilization, activation of all necessary support functions (security of the site, supply of provisions, opening of reception areas for families and staff) and finally, the management of families. Retrospectively, this implementation was globally in accordance with the pre-established dispositions and efficient in terms of support to the emergency medical activity. However, it suggests a critical analysis of weak points in order to improve the procedures of the “Plan Blanc” in a particularly risky current context, as we know.


Rassegna della letteratura


MERS in pregnancy


Nouveau coronavirus : l’Europe médicale sur le pied de guerre


title: Divided Tokyo: Housing Policy, the Ideology of Homeownership, and the Growing Contrast Between the City Center and the Suburbs

text: This chapter examines the generation of Tokyo’s division over time by focusing on the changes in national and municipal policies on urban planning, land use, and housing, as well as the outcomes of these long-term trajectories since the 1950s onward. By comparing with the Western urban discourse, we clarify the process of how Tokyo became divided in terms of residential conditions. The national government focused on the growth of major metropolitan areas, stimulating suburban development and homeownership in the suburbs from the 1950s to the 1980s. However, after the late 1990s, the target shifted from the suburbs to the city centers. Alongside global competition among cities, the long-term recession of the Japanese economy, and social changes, continuous investment to grow central Tokyo has increased in importance. In contrast, suburban neighborhoods are facing challenges related to an aging population and an increase in housing vacancies. Although government intervention is necessary, there are limited possibilities for the outer suburbs to revitalize and re-grow. The sharp contrast between the growth in city centers and the shrinking suburbs, and specifically the divided Tokyo, will become more obvious in the next decade.


title: 3 vragen over: De surprise question

text: Wie: Niermala Baidjnath, verpleegkundig coordinator palliatief terminale zorg en algemeen bestuurslid van V&VN Palliatieve zorg.


de-Winter syndrome; ST-T changes equivalent of acute myocardial infarction


Lesiones cardíacas y pulmonares importadas


Actitud diagnóstica y terapéutica ante el paciente con fiebre de reciente comienzo


title: Protocolo terapéutico empírico de la neumonía nosocomial

text: Nosocomial pneumonia is one of the most common infections in hospitalized patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The treatment for these patients is established empirically and should be administered as soon as possible to improve their clinical prognosis. In most cases, microbiological documentation of the pneumonia's etiology is not achieved. There is therefore a well-established need for clear action protocols directed to all medical professionals who are in charge of caring for these patients.


Protocolo de diagnóstico diferencial de las faringoamigdalitis


title: Patología infecciosa aguda de foco otorrinolaringológico

text: Infections are the most common cause of antibiotic prescription and one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in Primary Care. Among them, stand out acute media otitis and diffuse external otitis, acute pharyngitis and acute rhinosinusitis. Commonly they are viral and self-limited, so their complications are rare. Currently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics have leaded to bacterial resistances; therefore antibiotic prescription should be more careful. Nowadays, several diagnostic strategies are available. In current updated etiological and pathophysiological factors of each infection, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy to be applied in Primary Care as well as the complications of each pathology and the referral indications to be assessed by specialists in the ENT area, will be reviewed.


Enfermedades inflamatorias laríngeas y faríngeas del adulto


Enfermedades inflamatorias nasales y de senos parasales


title: Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear considerations in a major incident

text: Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incidents have a disproportionate effect on all aspects of efficient management of casualties. The immediate risks to rescue and healthcare staff, along with damage and threats to existing infrastructure, make CBRN incidents an important consideration to plan and train for, even if the likelihood of encountering them is remote. In addition to the generic ‘all hazards’ approach shared with all major incident planning, CBRN incident management has a number of specific treatments and interventions which require early identification of the agent involved, and thus a high degree of specialist knowledge among responders.


Protocolo diagnóstico y tratamiento empírico de la faringoamigdalitis


Analyses bibliographiques


Infecciones respiratorias


Avances en la antibioterapia empírica. Aplicaciones prácticas al tratamiento de las neumonías, de las infecciones urinarias, abdominales, de partes blandas y de sepsis de origen desconocido


title: Bio-Affinität I: Antikörper und Immuntests

text: Sie, lieber Leser, sitzen unter anderem hier, weil Ihre Vorfahren ein gutes Immunsystem besaßen. Wenn auch nur einer Ihrer Vorfahren beim Marsch aus den Savannen Afrikas, als Bauern der Steinzeit, in den mittelalterlichen Städten, beim Ausbruch von Cholera, Pest oder Grippe den allgegenwärtigen Mikroben erlegen wäre, würden Sie das im Moment nicht lesen können. Glückwunsch! Sie sind ein Überlebenskünstler… Vor nicht allzu langer Zeit wurden Ihre Chancen, dies alles zu überleben, durch Antibiotika und Impfungen drastisch erhöht.


Infecciones por neumococo. Clasificación. Factores predisponentes. Aspectos patogénicos de relevancia clínica o diagnóstica. Manifestaciones clínicas. Formas de comienzo


Infecciones víricas


Manejo general y extrahospitalario del paciente con sospecha de infección viral


Corona-Viren


Viren


title: Molekulare Struktur eukaryotischer Chromosomen

text: Die Chromosomen sind die lichtmikroskopisch sichtbaren, materiellen Träger der Gene. Bedeutet das aber, dass sie lediglich eine Ansammlung kettenartig aneinandergefügter Gene sind? Aus allen cytologischen Beobachtungen schließen wir, dass die Chromosomen, und damit die Gene, in Mitose und Meiose gleichmäßig auf die Tochterzellen verteilt werden. Dazu werden die Centromerenbereiche der Chromosomen benutzt, die als Ansatzpunkte für die Mikrotubuli des Spindelapparates dienen. So werden die Chromosomen oder deren Untereinheiten, die Chromatiden, bei der Zellteilung auf die Tochterzellen aufgeteilt. Auch bei der DNA-Replikation haben Chromosomen eine wichtige Aufgabe zu erfüllen. Der normale Replikationsmechanismus linearer DNA-Moleküle führt in jedem Replikationszyklus zu einer Verkürzung der DNADoppelhelix von den Enden her, da die RNA-Primer am Ende der DNA zwar entfernt, aber nicht durch DNASequenzen ersetzt werden können. Außerdem muss eine spezielle Struktur sicherstellen, dass die freien Enden der DNA im Chromosom nicht von Exonukleasen abgebaut werden oder durch Reparaturenzyme mit den freien Enden der DNA eines anderen Chromosoms verschmelzen. Das wird durch besondere terminale Domänen, die Telomere, gewährleistet. Bei der weiteren Untersuchung der molekularen Struktur des Genoms machte man die unerwartete Entdeckung, dass das eukaryotische Genom zum größten Teil nicht aus Protein-kodierenden DNA-Sequenzen besteht. Ein großer Teil der DNA-Sequenzen gehört zur repetitiven DNA, die, wie der Name schon sagt, in vielen, teils identischen, teils voneinander strukturell abweichenden, aber ähnlichen Kopien im Genom vorhanden ist. Ein Teil dieser DNA, vor allem hochrepetitive Sequenzen, ist in heterochromatischen Chromosomenabschnitten lokalisiert. Andere sind in Einzelkopien über das gesamte Genom verstreut. Die erstaunlich großen Unterschiede im DNA-Gehalt der Genome höherer Organismen müssen hauptsächlich Unterschieden in der Menge repetitiver DNA zugeschrieben werden. Sie beruhen also nicht auf wesentlichen Unterschieden in der Zahl Protein-kodierender Gene. Chromosomen sind dynamische Strukturen, die strukturell und funktionell eng mit dem Stoffwechsel und dem Differenzierungsgrad der jeweiligen Zelle verbunden sind. Ihre Bedeutung geht weit über das hinaus, was man von einem reinen „Gen-Depot“ erwarten würde. So hat die unterschiedliche Konstitution der Geschlechtschromosomen in den beiden Geschlechtern zur Folge, dass die Anzahl der Kopien der auf diesen Chromosomen gelegenen Gene im männlichen und weiblichen Geschlecht unterschiedlich ist. Solche quantitativ unbalancierten Genkonstitutionen werden in der Regel vom Organismus nicht toleriert. Verschiedene Organismengruppen haben daher spezifische Mechanismen entwickelt, um für einen funktionellen Ausgleich (Dosiskompensation) der verschiedenen Genkopienzahlen zu sorgen. In Säugetieren wird eines der beiden X-Chromosomen des weiblichen Geschlechts inaktiviert, so dass ein der hemizygoten X-Chromosomenkonstitution des männlichen Geschlechts funktionell gleichwertiger Zustand zustande kommt. In Drosophila erfolgt der Ausgleich in der Genaktivität durch erhöhte Aktivität der X-chromosomalen Gene im Männchen. Die Inaktivierung des Säuger-X-Chromosoms lässt verschiedene wesentliche biologische Mechanismen erkennen. Abgesehen von der Feststellung, dass ganze Chromosomen innerhalb eines Genoms gerichtet funktionell inaktiviert oder hyperaktiviert werden können, ist es von grundlegender Bedeutung, dass eine einmal erfolgte Inaktivierung innerhalb eines Organismus im Allgemeinen erhalten bleibt. Das Chromosom muss mithin eine Information aufnehmen, die dafür sorgt, dass es in allen folgenden Zellgenerationen inaktiv bleibt. Man bezeichnet eine solche Information als chromosomale Prägung (Imprinting). Eine weitere Konsequenz der X-Chromosomeninaktivierung ist, dass verschiedene Zellen von Säugerweibchen eine unterschiedliche Konstitution hinsichtlich der aktiven X-chromosomalen Gene besitzen können. Säugerweibchen sind daher funktionelle Mosaike in Bezug auf die Ausprägung geschlechtsgebundener Gene. Wir wissen, dass die chromosomale DNA in einer ersten Verpackungsstufe in der Form von kompakten Nukleosomen organisiert wird. Sie windet sich hierzu zweimal um einen Komplex aus Histonproteinen. Eine Kette derartiger DNA-Histonpartikel formt eine Chromatinfibrille von 10 nm Durchmesser. Diese Fibrille wird jedoch zusätzlich in Fibrillen höherer Ordnung organisiert. Aktives und inaktives Chromatin unterscheiden sich dabei in dem Ausmaß der Kondensation; Insulator-Elemente sind an der Ausbildung offener Chromatinstrukturen und an der Anheftung der Chromatiden an der Kernmembran beteiligt. Die Kompartimentierung des Zellkerns in chromosomale Territorien und Interchromatindomänen erlaubt die räumliche Trennung verschiedener funktioneller Abläufe im Zellkern, wie Transkription und Reifung der RNA.


title: Sarcocystis

text: Für S. suihominis: Isospora bigemina; für S. bovihominis: S. hominis, Isospora bigemina