Vicarious suffering is suffering endured by one person in the [place] of another (Charles Hodge, Ph.D., Systematic Theology, Eerdmans, 1946 reprint, p.
ຄວາມທຸກທໍລະມານແທນຄົນອື່ນຄືຄວາມທຸກທໍລະມານທີ່ຕ້ອງອົດທົນໂດຍຄົນຜູ້ຫນຶ່ງໃນ (ບ່ອນ) ຂອງຄົນອືື່ນ (Charles Hodge, Ph.D., Systematic Theology, Eerdmans, 1946 reprint, p.