Abnormal Facial Swelling and Problem Sleeping Through the Night 8 Causes
Abnormal Facial Swelling and Problem Sleeping Through the Night 8 Causes. The freeMD virtual doctor has found 8 conditions that can cause Abnormal Facial Swelling and Problem Sleeping Through the Night. There are 2 somewhat common conditions that can cause Abnormal Facial Swelling and Problem Sleeping Through the Night. There are 4 uncommon conditions that can cause Abnormal Facial Swelling and Problem Sleeping Through the Night. There are 2 rare conditions that can cause Abnormal Facial Swelling and Problem Sleeping Through the Night. For more information on your symptoms: 12 Doctors are Online Now.


Facial Swelling in Cats
The symptoms of facial swelling can come on suddenly or develop over time, depending on the underlying cause. Swelling can be caused by a variety of conditions, including exposure to allergens or toxins, dental abscesses, trauma, and insect bites.


How long does hydrocodone withdrawal last?
I've been on a CPAP since January, 2012. The pressure has been upped from 7 to 8 and I've changed masks a couple times. I now have one that covers just my nose. For the past few weeks, I've had bad facial swelling when I wake up in the mornings. It's becoming a great concern because my eyes were almost swollen shut, a couple days ago. Now, I'm not only seeing swelling in my face but in my neck and stomach as well. I was told, by my PCP, that the facial swelling has to do with my mask and possibly the CPAP settings. I have an appointment with my pulmonary doctor, in two weeks. Has anyone else had facial, or other, swelling that is contributed to Sleep Apnea?


Is Fluid Around the Heart Dangerous?
In congestive heart failure, fluid builds up in the lungs, causing the lungs to be heavy and making it difficult to breathe; in pericardial effusion or pericarditis, fluid builds up in the lining around the heart.


Symptoms and Diagnosis of Pericarditis
The most common tests are: 1  EKG (electrocardiogram). This detects and records your heart's electrical activity, with certain EKG results suggesting pericarditis. 2  Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray takes pictures of the inside of the chest, including your heart, lungs and blood vessels. 3  Echocardiography.


Bacterial Pericarditis
The symptoms of bacterial pericarditis depend on the severity of your condition and any underlying health problems. The most common symptom is sharp, stabbing chest pain, also known as pleuritis. This pain often moves or radiates to other parts of the body, including the left shoulder and neck.


Fluid Around the Heart: Symptoms and Treatments
Therefore, tests may be needed to clarify the diagnosis and to rule out other causes of chest pain: 1  A chest X-ray. 2  An electrocardiogram or ECG. 3  An echocardiogram. 4  An MRI or magnetic resonance imaging scan or CT (computed tomography) scan. 5  Fluid aspiration with a needle and syringe.


Fluid Around The Heart Causes
This result of this cause can be anything from a heart attack to any type of surgery where the doctor had to cut open the chest area. Even radiation and chemotherapy can cause fluid to fill up around the heart area because of its intensity affecting other organs of the body and weakening the immune system.


Pericardial Drainage
Pericardial drainage (pericardiocentesis) is done to find the cause of fluid buildup around the heart and to relieve pressure on the heart. The excess fluid removed during the pericardial drainage will be sent to a laboratory for analysis.


Fluid Buildup in the Sac Surrounding the Heart in Cats
Blood tests can help to diagnose disorder that has caused fluid buildup in the pericardial sac. If infection or cancer is the cause of the pericardial effusion, a pericardial fluid analysis can be done to identify the origin of the cancer, or the type of infection.


Symptoms and Diagnosis of Pericarditis
When the pericardium is inflamed, the fluid between the sac's two layers of tissue increases, so your doctor will look for signs of excess fluid in your chest. A common sign is the pericardial rub, the sound of the pericardium rubbing against the outer layer of your heart.


Fluid Around the Heart: Symptoms and Treatments
The most common cause of fluid accumulation around the heart is inflammation of the sac or lining surrounding the heart. 1  However, in many cases, the cause may not be found. Possible causes include: 2  An autoimmune reaction like lupus or rheumatoid disease. 3  Certain drugs. 4  Kidney disease. 5  Pregnancy.


Symbiosis of Yucca Moths & Yucca Plant Trees
The female yucca moth is the sole pollinator of the yucca, and the yucca is the only caterpillar host plant of the yucca moth. In fact, the yucca and yucca moth share a symbiotic relationship that is so specialized, each yucca species is pollinated by only one type of yucca moth.


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A yucca moth is a type of moth found in yucca blossoms. They are shiny white in color and about 1 cm in length. Recent studies have shown that there are actually 2 species of â¦ yucca moths, and only one of them actually pollinates the yucca plant.


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The yucca plant cannot pollinate itself â it relies on the yucca moth for cross-pollination. After the male and female yucca moths mate in springtime, the female gathers the sticky pollen from the anthers of a yucca flower.


What is the symbiotic relationship between the Yucca moth and Yucca plant?
When the moth larvae hatch, they feed on the seeds of the yucca plant, but the plant only lets a certain number grow, so that they don't eat all the seeds. So by pollinating the plant, the moth develops food for its larvae and the plant as well as the moth can survive and continue.


What is the symbiotic relationship between the Yucca moth and Yucca plant?
The yucca moth pollinates the plant and lays its eggs inside the plant. When the moth larvae hatch, they feed on the seeds of the yucca plant, but the plant only lets a certain number grow, so that they don't eat all the seeds.


Yucca Flowers and Yucca Moths
One such relationship is that between the yucca plant and the yucca moth. Just as the honeybee and the flowers it pollinates need each other, so do the yucca and the yucca moth. Female yucca moths have a few days to deposit approximately one hundred eggs.


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Since the larva develops into a moth that pollinates the yucca plant, the relationship is clearly beneficial to both partners. By comparison, the relationship between the Mexican jumping bean (Sebastiana pavoniana) and its symbiotic moth (Laspeyresia saltitans) is clearly one-sided.


Symbiosis of Yucca Moths & Yucca Plant Trees
Pollination. The yucca plant cannot pollinate itself â it relies on the yucca moth for cross-pollination. After the male and female yucca moths mate in springtime, the female gathers the sticky pollen from the anthers of a yucca flower.


The Yucca and its Moth
The mothâs larvae depend on the seeds of the yucca plant for food, and the yucca plant can only be pollinated by the yucca moth. In the central United States, soapweed yucca (Yucca glauca) is pollinated by a moth known as Tegeticulla yuccasella.


Yucca Moths ( Tegeticula sp.)
Yucca moths on a yucca flower. Photo by Alan Cressler. By Beatriz Moisset. One of the most extraordinary partnerships between an insect and the plant that it pollinates is that of the yucca and the yucca moth. They are so interdependent that one cannot live without the other.


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Chest X-ray: Pleural effusions appear white on chest X-rays, while air space looks black. If a pleural effusion is likely, you may get more X-ray films while you lie on your side. These can show if the fluid flows freely within the pleural space.


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Symptoms of Fluid in the Lungs in Dogs Depending upon the reason for the fluid accumulation and the length of time that the breathing difficulty has been developing, symptoms may vary. If your dog is exhibiting any of these symptoms, see the veterinarian immediately:


Side Effects of Fluid Around the Chest in a Dog
Effects that are caused by the condition itself are referred to as symptoms. While excess fluid in a dogâs chest cavity is itself a symptom of a number of different conditions, some of which can be quite serious, the presence of fluid also has signs and symptoms to watch for. Four different types of this condition exist, and each one presents its own set of symptoms, although there is some overlap.


Thymoma in Dogs
Benign thymomas do not invade into adjacent structures within the chest cavity while malignant thymomas do invade adjacent structures What causes this type of cancer in dogs and cats?: n/a


Thymoma in Dogs
Staging tests include cbc/chemistry/urinalysis, chest radiographs (x-rays), chest ultrasound, and in some cases a CT scan; Thoracic (chest) radiographs typically show an anterior mediastinal mass (mass in the front portion of the chest cavity), pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs), and occasionally megaesophagus (distended esophagus)


Pleural Effusion (Fluid In The Chest) In Dogs: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments
Immediate remedy for pleural effusion in canines includes relieving respiratory misery by offering oxygen remedy and draining fluid from the chest cavity with a needle and chest drain. These might must be in place for a number of days relying on the severity of the situation.


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Canine Chylothorax, a condition caused by buildup of lymph fluid in the chest cavity prevents lungs from fully expanding resulting in reduced oxygen to the body. Symptoms in Dogs include difficulty breathing, and lethargy.


Medical Termanology Test III
Pyothorax is a condition where pus accumulates in your pet's chest cavity â between the lungs and the chest wall â due to an infection. Pyothorax is a condition where pus accumulates in your pet's chest cavity â between the lungs and the chest wall â due to an infection.


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Find information on animal health topics, written for the veterinary professional. 1  Veterinary. 2  Dog Owners. 3  Lung and Airway Disorders of Dogs.


Fluid in Chest (Pleural Effusion) in Dogs
A sample of pleural fluid obtained by piercing the dog's chest cavity with a needle will be sent to the laboratory for analysis. The type of pleural fluid withdrawn will enable your veterinarian to diagnose the cause of the pleural effusion.


Troubleshooting an Ice Maker That Leaks
Ice Maker Level. The ice maker unit itself can also be leveled. This is inside the unit and can be repositioned if needed. Loosen the mounting screws and align the ice maker unit so that it is perfectly level. After leveling, ensure that the mounting screws are tightened to prevent the ice maker from moving. Water Supply Line. The water supply line could also be damaged or broken. This is the tube that is behind your freezer. It's a fairly strong tube and is susceptible to damage. Check that the pipe isn't pinched or kinked. Fill Cup. When water enters your freezer it will be put into the fill cup. This is a funnel that directs the water into the ice cube molds.


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When my ice maker runs water to make ice water runs down the front of freezer and forms ice of the shelves and food.


Refrigerator's Ice Maker Leaking Water
When they removed the flooring under the LG freezer/fridg started to leak on the right side where the ice maker is. It didn't leak all the time but ice started building up under the freezer drawer...it never had any issues before it was moved.


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I think that the water tray is overfilling. There is ice on the inside of the motor module and occasionally water drips down the back of the unit onto shelves below. This is a Kenmore side by side refrigerator model #106.9557651.


Troubleshooting an Ice Maker That Leaks
One common problem with ice makers is that they can leak. A leaking ice maker can be a result of a number of different reasons. You will need to put your detective's cap on in order to inspect and diagnose what is actually causing the problem with your ice maker.


Thread: Whirlpool Icemaker leaking
Thread: Whirlpool Icemaker leaking. Whirlpool Icemaker leaking We have a Whirlpool refridgerator/freezer (model# ED5HLAXMQ10) that is 3 1/2 years old. It is a side-by-side model. Recently it is producing a constant water drip into the ice maker and the drip won't stop. The ice maker will fill up and make cubes, but the water keeps dripping into the ice maker and causes a huge mess. When we turn the main water supply line off, the drip stops. But when the water supply is back on, there is a drip that keeps coming from the black spout inside of the freezer. This will keep dripping into the ice maker even when the ice maker is full. The ice maker appears fine. I think there is some problem in the water line and black spout.


How to Fix a Freezer That Leaks Water Down to the Refrigerator
Water leaking from a freezer into the refrigerator compartment ruins food and causes odors. A freezer has two water sources -- the ice maker's water supply and defrost... Water leaking from a freezer into the refrigerator compartment ruins food and causes odors.


Refrigerator's Ice Maker Leaking Water
If your refrigerator ice maker is leaking water, the first step is to locate the source. This is a guide about refrigerator's ice maker leaking water. Menu Ask a Question Share a Post Account Search


Refrigerator's Ice Maker Leaking Water
Its not the ice maker - in the floor of the freezer is a small drain that lets the water drain out after it goes through defrost - it sounds like it is plugged up and not draining. Clean out the ice and look and see if you can see the drain - if you can- take some weed eater string and run it through that should clean out the drain.


How to Fix a Freezer That Leaks Water Down to the Refrigerator
Robert Sylvus. Water leaking from a freezer into the refrigerator compartment ruins food and causes odors. A freezer has two water sources -- the ice maker's water supply and defrost condensation. When humidity freezes, it forms frost on the exposed surfaces in the freezer compartment and on the evaporator coil. Warm air entering the freezer, either from a leak around the freezer door's seal or from the defrost heater, causes the frozen humidity to melt. Bad freezer door seals cause puddles in the bottom of the freezer compartment.


14 Things You Should Know About Enlisting In The US Marines
Ray Lewis via U.S. Marine Corps When I first walked into my recruiting office in Bristol, CT, I didn't have a clue what to expect. I had seen military recruiters sometimes at my high school, but hadn't approached them or asked questions. They looked intimidating.


14 Things You Should Know About Enlisting In The US Marines
You don't have to go right away. The delayed entry program gives you time to prepare before going to boot camp.


$49kAvg. Salary
U.S. Marine Corps pays its employees an average of $48,348 a year. Salaries at U.S. Marine Corps range from an average of $24,593 to $95,439 a year. U.S. Marine Corps employees with the job title Portfolio Manager make the most with an average annual salary of $168,224, while employees with the title Marine Corp Lance Corporal, Ground Combat make the least with an average annual salary of $21,195.


Human Resources and Organizational Management
The system's goal is to make sure that Federal trade, craft, and laboring employees within a local wage area who perform the same duties receive the same rate of pay. The FWS includes 132 appropriated fund and 125 nonappropriated fund local wage areas.


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Operating out of Arlington, Va., U.S. Marine Corps employs talent in positions ranging from Avionics Technician to Intelligence Analyst. The median income for U.S. Marine Corps employees is $49K per year. At U.S. Marine Corps, the biggest piece of the paycheck puzzle is your experience level â it impacts salary more than anything else â though geography and your job title each factor into the equation as well. This report is based on answers to PayScale's salary questionnaire.


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Federal Pay Plans. Over 70 percent of the Federal workforce is paid according to the General Pay Scale (GS).The scale can be difficult to understand for both new and even experienced Federal employees.


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Human Resources and Organizational Management. Headquarters Marine Corps. Over 70 percent of the Federal workforce is paid according to the General Pay Scale (GS).The scale can be difficult to understand for both new and even experienced Federal employees.


Human Resources and Organizational Management
Your pay will be the same as the pay of other Federal jobs like yours in your wage area, and Your pay will be in line with pay for private sector jobs like yours in your wage area Senior Executive Service (SES)


Frontotemporal dementia
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the clinical presentation of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, which is characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes, and typical loss of over 70% of spindle neurons, while other neuron types remain intact.[1]


frontal lobe atrophy
Well your condition can be quite serious. This is impairment of the brain and it can mean that you are suffering from wide range of diseases. It can also be consequence of a head trauma. It is important to do additional testing to find out what is the cause of your condition.


Brain Atrophy Symptoms
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke notes that while dementia causes brain atrophy, it is also a symptom. Dementia causes patients to have problems with memory, language and personality.


What Are Frontotemporal Disorders?
Damage to the brainâs frontal and temporal lobes causes forms of dementia called frontotemporal disorders. Frontotemporal disorders are the result of damage to neurons (nerve cells) in parts of the brain called the frontal and temporal lobes. As neurons die in the frontal and temporal regions, these lobes atrophy, or shrink. Gradually, this damage causes difficulties in thinking and behaviors normally controlled by these parts of the brain.


Top 30 Doctor insights on: Frontal Lobe Atrophy Causes
The frontal lobes: Occupy about the front half of the top part of the brain, called the cerebrum. The posterior area would be towards the back - just in front and above the ear - see attached image - the back part of the pink area.


My CT showed frontal lobe atrophy what can cause this
The frontal lobes of the brain affects motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgment, impulse control, and social behavior. The term atrophy, in the brain, refers to the loss of neurons and their connections. Frontal lobe atrophy has been linked to depression, alcoholism, drug dependence, head injury, schizophrenia, and several neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and infections. Frontal lobe atrophy also occurs with aging. It is a common cause of dementia under the age of 65. Symptoms vary based on location and extent of damage but often include striking changes in behavior and personality.


Top 30 Doctor insights on: Frontal Lobe Atrophy Causes
Frontal lobe: Sometimes injury to one frontal lobe is tolerated. Symptoms like depression are common, frequently apathy, or a symptom called inanition can seem like depression. Inability to plan or think through things or changes in judgment can occur.


Brain Atrophy Symptoms
A neurological condition that results in brain tissue loss, brain atrophy can occur in small parts of the brain or affect both hemispheres of the brain,... Hello,


Frontotemporal dementia
Signs and symptoms are classified into three groups based on the functions of the frontal and temporal lobes: 1  Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (BvFTD) is characterized by changes in social behavior and conduct, with loss of social awareness and poor impulse control.


Mild Frontal Lobe Atrophy
sony 2. 30 year old male who holds a professional qualification has bilateral mild frontal lobe atrophy.No neurological signs.Has symptoms like apathy, social avoidance and may be decreased working memory.


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End-gap openings on laminate floors happen most often in high- traffic areas during winter. ( 1 1 of 2) Here, an open end-gap in laminate flooring has glue applied. A paper clip is being used to work the glue into the gap in preparation for closing.


Simple trick ensures gap-free laminate floors
Itâs not unusual for gaps to develop between the ends of laminate flooring pieces after installation, and the result look like shrinkage. The friction of the click joints on your flooring might be enough to stop boards from moving apart later, but maybe not.


How to fix laminate flooring gaps
Beside the unattractive appearance, the gaps between the laminate boards might damage in time the floor and lead to delamination or chipping. Therefore, we recommend you to follow our guidelines as to prepare the floor surface thoroughly and to lay the laminate flooring in a professional manner.


Fixing laminate floor gaps
The result is the gaps that you see in some places but not others. The solution is to push the pieces of laminate back together, but not before applying some wood glue to the exposed joint. Iâve done this work before, and if the strips of laminate were loose enough to work their way apart, then they can be pushed together again by hand from above.


Simple trick ensures gap-free laminate floors
End-gap openings on laminate floors happen most often in high- traffic areas during winter. ( 1 1 of 2) Here, an open end-gap in laminate flooring has glue applied. ( 2 2 of 2) Here, the gap in the laminate has been closed after glue applied, with excess glue being wiped off.


Simple trick ensures gap-free laminate floors
Simple trick ensures gap-free laminate floors 1 (1 of 2) Here, an open end-gap in laminate flooring has glue applied. A paper clip is being used to work the glue into the gap in preparation for closing.


Simple trick ensures gap-free laminate floors
This gap is covered by baseboard, so you canât see it, but the laminate is still free to slide. End-gap openings on laminate floors happen most often in high traffic areas during winter, when the air is driest, the click joints are loosest, and foot traffic is free to cause little bits of movement that add up.


Simple trick ensures gap-free laminate floors
Itâs not unusual for gaps to develop between the ends of laminate flooring pieces after installation, and the result looks like shrinkage. Despite appearances, the issue is actually caused by individual pieces of laminate sliding away from neighbouring pieces along the ends under foot traffic, not gaps caused by drying.


How to fix laminate flooring gaps
This article is about how to fix laminate flooring gaps. There are certain situations in which either due to poor installation or changes in temperature and humidity, the laminate planks move from their position or change their volume, creating joint gaps.


Fixing laminate floor gaps
Fixing laminate floor gaps. Q: What caused gaps to appear on the ends of laminate floor strips in my apartment? It seems like the strips of laminate have shrunk, leaving gaps in some places but not in others. This is the first winter with the floor. Is my place too dry? A: The cause of your problem isnât really about dry air, though dry air has triggered it. Laminate flooring changes shape very little with changes in humidity, but some click styles of laminate can be effected.


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Advocare 24 Day Challenge Healthy Living Tips Weight Loss Plans Weight Loss Program Work For You Does Advocare Work Advocare Reviews Wellness Clean Eating Find out if Advocare is the weight loss program that will work for you.


Advocare Pyramid Scheme | Does Selling Advocare Work?
Advocare Pyramid Scheme - Why So Much Hype? When it comes to the business side of Advocare, I see many people who join this company seeking more financial and time freedom. However, there are many marketers who are achieving just that with Advocare, but at the same time you have 97% of others who fail.


Thread: My unbiased reporting on the Advocare 24 Day Challenge
My unbiased reporting on the Advocare 24 Day Challenge For those who do not know, my life took a big turn in the road on Mother's Day of this year. After experiencing some very minor stomach cramps over a course of 3 days, my loving wife convinced me to go the Emergency Room.


24 Day Cleanse Kit
I am finish my 10 day cleanse today & feel great. No caffeine and I drank coffee all day. This is a way to teach you how to eat for life instead of going up & down. The seller was very fast could not contact me with what I wanted & picked the best sellers & sent so I could get started I was thrilled.


Advocare Cleanse Reviews: Does Advocare Cleanse Work?
The entire Advocare Cleanse takes 24 days and can be classified into two parts: The Cleanse Phase and the Max Phase. By the end of the period, one can expect an increased metabolism, a cleaner colon and digestive system, and desirable weight loss. Details of Advocare Cleanse


Advocare Reviews
I had two charges on my credit card from Advocare followed by a credit that didn't add up to the total of the charges. I didn't order anything and it wasn't my charge. When I called Advocare they said they needed my credit card number to see what happened, but I wasn't...


Advocare Spark Energy Drink Review
Advocare Spark Energy Drink Review. Advocare Spark Energy Drink Mix is a popular energy supplement sold by independent Advocare distributors. I happened to discover this drink in a strange wayâ¦â¦. Have you ever been to an electronics store and found a great deal on menâs cologne?


AdvoCare Spark Energy Drink Reviews
Spark is good. Comments about AdvoCare Spark Energy Drink: I did the Advocare 24 Day Challenge, followed the meal plan and workout plan, took all the recommended supplements and nothing worked. I didn't lose any weight or inches but Advocare Spark did give me all day energy.


Advocare Catalyst Reviews
Advocare Catalyst is an amino acid supplement that is designed to provide users with a number of health, fitness, and weight loss benefits. Not only that, but it is also ideal for people looking to build or maintain lean muscle mass whilst following periods of lower caloric intake.


Diamond Fluorescence
The negative image of fluorescing diamonds can be attributed to the following theories and factors: 1  Non-fluorescent diamonds are regarded as âpurerâ; 2  Strongly fluorescent diamonds can emit an opaque âcloudâ which affects the clarity and brilliance of the diamond;


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This article will discuss the effect of Fluorescence on Natural Yellow, and Light Yellow Diamonds. This is an intricate subject in colorless and near colorless diamonds, discussed in an excellent article here . In fact, this characteristic may have an even greater visual effect on diamonds that exhibit a lot of body color.


Diamond Cut
One of the most defining characteristics of a diamond is its cut. Diamond cut is the summary of a diamond's proportions evaluated using the attributes of brilliance, fire, and scintillation. While high grades of color or clarity affect a diamond, it's the cut that determines its overall proportions and its ability to reflect light.


Diamond Cloud Inclusions - Impact on Diamond Sparkle
In most cases however, a cloud inclusion affects a very small area of the diamond and does no more to impede light performance than any other type of diamond inclusion such as a feather, crystal, grain line or twinning wisp.


Proportions and Brightness
Now I realize that this is a J-color diamond, but I selected it because I wanted to demonstrate that it is the proportions of a diamond, and not the body color which controls the brightness of a diamondâ¦ and this is where people get all sorts of confused with the terminology that we toss around between the sales floor and the backroom of the store ...


What Makes Diamond Sparkle?
When light travels through matterâair, water, glass, or diamond, for exampleâit travels slower than 186,000 miles per second. The actual explanation, having to do with the way light interacts with the electrons present in every atom, is somewhat complex, but you can visualize this slow-down by thinking of light rays having to make little detours every time an electron gets in the way.


Proportions and Brightness
And believe me, this is not a new concept, not at allâ¦ diamond cutters have been studying the effect of diamond proportions upon light return, which is also known as brightness, since Marcel Tolkowsky unveiled his diamond design back in 1919, and I suspect that his work was based upon somebody elseâs workâ¦ so letâs just round things off and say that ...


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In loose diamonds or mounted diamonds, fluorescence, which refers to the photo-luminescence of a diamond, is caused by trace amounts of the element boron. This fluorescence phenomenon can be observed when the boron in a diamond is stimulated by Ultra-Violet (UV) light. Fluorescence in diamonds is a factor described on GIA, AGS, and other loose diamond graded certificates.


DIAMOND FLUORESCENCE
A GIA study of diamond fluorescence: A study performed in 1997 by the GIA found that the level of fluorescence has no widely perceptible effect on the color appearance or transparency of diamonds when viewed table down (upside down).


Diamond Quality Factors
Thereâs an especially large leap in the price of a colorless diamond, which is extremely rare. Diamonds come in many colors. Diamonds that range from colorless to light yellow and brown fall within the normal color range. Within that range, colorless diamonds are the most rare, so theyâre the most valuable.


Mayco classic crackles glazes Information Page
Fired products: you can use any glaze to fill in the cracks. Wipe glaze into the cracks with a clean rag and re-fire to cone 06. Non fired products: use acrylics, mineral spirit stains or India ink to stain the cracks. Wipe onto the piece with a clean rag until the cracks are adequately filled in.


Glaze Crazing
I accidentally fired a low-temperate talc body at cone 6 (the glaze is the Alberta Slip base cone 6 glossy). The clay body is not overly mature, but it just has an extremely high thermal expansion (talc is added to increase the expansion to fit low fire commercial glazes, they would craze without it).


Eight Steps to Stop Crazing
Fire the glaze kiln one or two cones higher, but only if the glaze will not be adversely effected. By firing higher and/or longer, the glaze and clay body might be adjusted into a better fit. Remember, what has to change is the rate of shrinkage in the clay body, glaze or both, which results in the glaze being under slight compression. However, if the clay body is already over-fired or on the edge of its maturity range, firing higher will cause more crazing in the glaze. 5. Add flint (200 mesh) to the clay body.


Glaze Troubleshooting
Possible causes of blistering include: insufficient drying of the piece between glazing and firing; too dense a clay body that traps air in the piece; gas forming impurities in the glaze or body; over-firing the glaze; and a firing cycle that is too fast.


Firing Defects
impurities can cause this problem. BUBBLES Can be caused by the glaze firing too fast. Gases are trapped in the glaze. CRAWLING The contraction of the fused glaze causing bare, unglazed areas. Common causes are due to improper glaze application, dust or oil on bisque, over-fired bisque ware, thick glaze, or pots that are too damp. CRAZING A network of cracks in a glaze. Caused when a glaze contracts more than the clay during the cooling cycle. Adjustments in the glaze


Glaze Troubleshooting
This will then lead to crawling when the glaze is fired. Putting on thinner coats of glaze and allowing the glaze to dry thoroughly between each coat can resolve this problem. Another possibility is too heavy a layer of underglaze or stain under the glaze.


Guidelines for Using Laguna Glazes
Some hints when using underglaze decorations: 1  Bisque at Cone 05-04 and glaze fire to Cone 06. 2  Lead free clear glazes are best when applied very thin. 3  White underglaze may be used to mute underglaze colors.


Bubbles, tiny bubbles in my glaze! Letâs talk about blistering.
The clay, the temperature, the glaze. Not everything comes out with them and sometimes the whole thing is covered and sometimes only half? The clay- Porcelain Cone 6? The glaze- speedball clear and Peacock? the temperature- cone 6 ? My kiln ? Some answers by other people: Blistering is a glaze defect similar to pinholing and pitting. As the glaze melts, gases vaporize out of the clay and glaze. In essence, blisters are the result of the glaze being frozen in the midst of boiling. In most instances, this out-gassing is completed and the glaze flows back together to form a smooth surface by the time the kiln has reached temperature.


How to use Western Glaze Products
Low-Fire Crackle Glazes. Crackle glazes are technically bad glazes because they do not expand and contract in harmony with the clay to which they are applied. Most glaze is intended to seal the clay to make it water-tight. When a crackle glaze is used, that seal is cracked and the ware can leak.


Snowflake Crackle
It was glazed with the most beautiful crackle glazeânot the usual crackle glaze that is common in raku. It had a conchoidal fracture, with the crazes layered on themselves like a stack of books that had slid over.


Is green poop normal in a BF newborn?
232 found this helpful. Sometimes when a breastfed baby gets too much foremilk the result is green (sometimes frothy) poop. The baby needs the thinner, carb rich foremilk AND the fattier, thicker hind milk that comes later in the breast feeding session. Too much foremilk and not enough hindmilk can also cause gas.


Stools - Unusual Color
Dark green stools may look black under poor lighting. Eating spinach can cause dark green stools. Medicines. Iron (such as in formula) Foods. See list below. Foods That Can Cause Green Stools: Green Jell-O; Grape-flavored Pedialyte (turns bright green) Green fruit snacks; Spinach or other leafy vegetables; White or Light Gray: Foods. Milk-only diet; Medicines. Aluminum hydroxide (antacids), barium sulfate from barium enema; Liver disease. Babies with blocked bile ducts have stools that are ...


Stools - Unusual Color
Causes of Unusual Stool Color. 1  Almost always due to food coloring or food additives. 2  Stool color relates more to what is eaten than to any disease. 3  In children with diarrhea, the gastrointestinal (GI) passage time is very rapid. 4  The only colors we worry about are red, black (not dark green) and white.


Stools - Unusual Color
Causes of Unusual Stool Color. 1  Almost always due to food coloring or food additives. 2  Stool color relates more to what is eaten than to any disease. 3  In children with diarrhea, the gastrointestinal (GI) passage time is very rapid. Stools often come out the same color as the fluid that went in. Examples are Kool-Aid or Jell-O.


Mother-2-Mother Concerns: Green Stools
Consistently green stools, however, are not normal for the breastfed baby. Most doctors don't seem to recognize this as a potential problem because they often define normal stool as that of the formula-fed infant. Baby's stool can be a wide variety of colors and textures , and not all of these are cause for concern.


Mother-2-Mother Concerns: Green Stools
a sign that baby has an illness. Babies with an intestinal virus or even a simple cold will sometimes have green, mucusy stools. Teething can also bring about green stools due to increased saliva (can also cause tummy upset) a lot of green vegetables or something with green food coloring in momâs diet. If baby has started solids, that could also account for the change in color (this is normal with the change in diet).


Mother-2-Mother Concerns: Green Stools
The occasional green stool is not unusual in the breastfed baby. Consistently green stools, however, are not normal for the breastfed baby. Most doctors donât seem to recognize this as a potential problem because they often define ânormal stoolâ as that of the formula-fed infant.


Mother-2-Mother Concerns: Green Stools
Babyâs stool can be a wide variety of colors and textures, and not all of these are cause for concern. It is helpful to know what is normal for the bf baby as well. Consistently green stools in the breastfed baby can indicate:


Stools - Unusual Color
Green stools are always normal, but they can be mistaken for black stools. Bile. Most dark green stools are caused by bile. Green stools are more common in formula fed than breastfed infants. It can be normal with both. Green stools are more common with diarrhea. This is due to a fast transit time through the gut. However, formed stools can also be green. Dark green stools may look black under poor lighting. Eating spinach can cause dark green stools. Medicines. Iron (such as in formula) Foods. See list below. Foods That Can Cause Green Stools: Green Jell-O


Is green poop normal in a BF newborn?
When to Worry: If the color of your baby's stools stay chalky white, there may be no bile from the liver to digest the food. If the stool is tarry black, there may be blood in the digestive tract that has turned dark black as it traveled down the intestines.


Introduction:
What are the symptoms associated with Trigeminal Neuralgia? Pains are brief, lasting from seconds to a couple of minutes. Attacks of repeated brief bursts of severe pain may occur and last for an hour or more. Pains are usually shooting, stabbing, sharp and electric-like. Pains are usually triggered by light touch such as talking, eating or brushing the teeth. Pains are located in the face, usually in the cheek, lips, jaw, palate, tongue, teeth, gums, side of the nose and, less often, about the eye and forehead.


Toothache Remedies (5) The Different Types Of Toothache Pain And What They Reveal
Toothache Remedies (5) The Different Types Of Toothache Pain And What They Reveal Symptoms Of Toothache â Some of the signs you experience can be symptomatic of other more serious ailments so it can be difficult to give an accurate diagnosis without the assistance of your dentist.


Toothache Remedies (5) The Different Types Of Toothache Pain And What They Reveal
Seek immediate medical attention if you are experiencing any of these, because if left untreated can lead to complications. The Different Types Of Toothache Pain And What They Reveal. As we touched upon before, different types of tooth related pain can be an indicator of different problems. Sharp, shooting pain:


Introduction:
This defect in the covering of the nerve is often caused by a blood vessel that presses on the nerve close to where it leaves the brain. Occasionally, multiple sclerosis is the culprit. Infrequently, a brain tumor can cause Trigeminal Neuralgia. Sometimes, the exact cause cannot be determined.


Introduction:
Trigeminal Neuralgia is an uncommon condition associated with agonizing face pain that makes it difficult to talk or eat. Additional extreme discomfort may be associated with the fear that such pain may recur, often at unpredictable moments.


Confusing Tooth Pain
Let's back up now and look at the reverse: dental pain that originates from the periodontal (gum) tissues. Common periodontal disease caused by a build-up of bacterial biofilm (plaque) along the gum line can lead to inflammation and infection of the gums.


Toothache Remedies (5) The Different Types Of Toothache Pain And What They Reveal
The Different Types Of Toothache Pain And What They Reveal As we touched upon before, different types of tooth related pain can be an indicator of different problems. Sharp, shooting pain: Can indicate tooth sensitivity or hypersensitivity due to wear and tear and demineralization of tooth enamel from brushing (especially with a hard bristle brush), gum recession where the root is being exposed to more air than usual, decaying dental cavity, cracked tooth or abscess. Chronic, lingering pain:


Introduction:
Pain may involve any of these locations but usually involves the second or third divisions, either alone or in combination. Trigeminal neuralgia may involve the first division but usually in association with the second division. Pain in only the first division is often not trigeminal neuralgia. back to top What causes Trigeminal Neuralgia? The trigeminal nerve carries messages regarding sensation from the face to the brain. Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia have a defect in the covering of the trigeminal nerve, which allows abnormal cross-talking between nerves that usually carry messages of normal non-painful sensation with nerves that carry painful messages.


Confusing Tooth Pain
Combined Root Canal And Gum Problems. I had a bad toothache and couldn't tell whether the pain was actually coming from my tooth or maybe my gum. Seems like it took my dentist a while to figure it out, too.


Toothache Remedies (5) The Different Types Of Toothache Pain And What They Reveal
These are the general signs of toothache: 1  Sharp, shooting acute pain isolated to the affected area that comes and goes (this could be caused by tooth sensitivity, head tension or stress as well as the tooth possibly being cracked or exposed to air. 2  Dull throbbing chronic pain that lingers for a longer period of time.


14 Defining Disposition Instructions
Navigate to the appropriate category. In the row for the retention category, click Edit then Edit Disposition from the item's Actions menu. You can also click the Info icon and click Edit then Edit Disposition from the Page menu on the Retention Category Information Page. The Disposition Instructions Page opens.


The three record disposition categories are Temporary Permanent and Unscheduled?
The three record disposition categories are Temporary Permanent and Unscheduled?


The three record disposition categories are Temporary Permanent and Unscheduled?
The three record disposition categories are: Temporary, Permanent, and Unscheduled?


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Permanent - records determined by the Archivist of the United States to have enduring value as documentary evidence of the organization and functions of the Air Force; accessioned (transfer of legal custody) to the National Archives for preservation in accordance with the AF RDS.


Chapter 15. Records and Information Management
Employees maintain and use records for the organization's current work, according to approved records disposition authorities, which are published in Document 12990, Records Control Schedules 8 through 37 and in Document 12829, General Records Schedules 1 through 27.


Chapter 15. Records and Information Management
The Records Management Process Awareness Guide, on the Records and Information Management website is another resource. 1.15.2.9 (08-03-2017) Obtaining Disposition Authority


14 Defining Disposition Instructions
Navigate to the appropriate category. In the row for the retention category, choose Edit then Edit Disposition from the item's Actions menu. You can also click the Info icon and choose Edit then Edit Disposition from the Page menu on the Retention Category Information Page. The Disposition Instructions Page opens.


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What are the three records disposition categories? Temporary - records determined by the Archivist of the United States to have insufficient value to warrant preservation; disposable after a fixed period of time in accordance â¦ with the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule (AF RDS), which is maintained in the Air Force Records Information Management System (AFRIMS).


Chapter 15. Records and Information Management
Chapter 15. Records and Information Management Section 2. Types of Records and Their Life Cycles


Chapter 15. Records and Information Management
1.15.2 Types of Records and Their Life Cycles Manual Transmittal. August 03, 2017. Purpose (1) This transmits revised IRM 1.15.2, Records and Information Management, Types of Records and Their Life Cycles. Material Changes (1) IRM 1.15.2 contains information on the Types of Records and Their Life Cycles.


Loss of Body Hair... Find Out Why It's Happening and What You Can Do
In fact, alopecia areata can cause patchy hair loss on the body and can, in rare cases, progress to alopecia universalis, an autoimmune condition that results in total loss of body hair (note that the word 'alopecia' simply means hair loss).


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Drugs, including chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment, blood thinners, beta-adrenergic blockers used to control blood pressure, and birth control pills, can cause temporary hair loss. Burns, injuries, and X-rays can cause temporary hair loss. In such cases, normal hair growth usually returns once the injury heals unless a scar is produced.


Loss of Body Hair... Find Out Why It's Happening and What You Can Do
Should you suffer from any of these conditions and find yourself experiencing a loss of body hair, speak to your doctor about a possible connection. Learn more about how lupus causes hair loss. Learn more about the connection between diabetes and thinning hair. Source: Dr Oz. Alopecia Doesn't Just Affect the Scalp!


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Thyroid disease, lupus, diabetes, iron deficiency anemia, eating disorders, and anemia can cause hair loss. Most times, when the underlying condition is treated, the hair will return unless there is scarring as in some forms of lupus, lichen planus or follicular disorders.


Common Causes of Hair Loss on Arms & Legs
Common Causes of Hair Loss on Arms & Legs While loss of head hair is a common problem, hair loss on the arms and legs is a much rarer condition. According to the site Hair Loss Expert, this manifest itself as either a complete loss, or as a significant and noticeable decrease in the amount of hair growing on the limbs. In either case, there are six main causes of arm and leg hair loss.


Common Causes of Hair Loss on Arms & Legs
While loss of head hair is a common problem, hair loss on the arms and legs is a much rarer condition. According to the site Hair Loss Expert, this...


Loss of Body Hair... Find Out Why It's Happening and What You Can Do
This can cause hair in unwanted places (like the chin!) and also loss of body hair. Indeed, this British Journal of Dermatology article confirms that there is an increasing loss of body hair after menopause.


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What Causes Hair Loss? Doctors don't know why certain hair follicles are programmed to have a shorter growth period than others. However, several factors may influence hair loss: Hormones, such as abnormal levels of androgens (male hormones normally produced by both men and women)


What Causes Hand Pain and Numbness?
This is not a complete list of conditions that can cause radicular pain down the arm and into the hand. For instance, one of the less common ways could be a tumor growing in the cervical spine that irritates a nearby nerve root.


What Causes Hand Pain and Numbness?
How a Neck Problem Causes Hand Pain When a nerve root in the cervical spine becomes compressed or irritated by a problem in the neck, symptoms can appear anywhere from the shoulder all the way down into the arm, hand and fingers.


Overview
If you have any stiffness, catching, numbness or pain in a finger joint, or if you can't straighten or bend a finger, make an appointment with your doctor. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Causes


Why Does My Hand Hurt?
This is one of the most common nerve disorders of the hand. It causes pain in the: Palm and some fingers of the hand; Wrist; Forearm; Often the pain is worse at night than during the day. Carpal tunnel syndrome can also cause: Weakness; Tingling; Numbness; You may especially feel it in your thumb, index finger, and middle finger.


Overview
Trigger finger can affect any finger, including the thumb. More than one finger may be affected at a time, and both hands might be involved. Triggering is usually more pronounced in the morning, while firmly grasping an object or when straightening your finger.


Overview
Factors that put you at risk of developing trigger finger include: Repeated gripping. Occupations and hobbies that involve repetitive hand use and prolonged gripping may increase your risk of trigger finger. Certain health problems. People who have diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis are at higher risk of developing trigger finger. Your sex. Trigger finger is more common in women. Carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.


What Causes Hand Pain and Numbness?
See Radiculopathy, Radiculitis and Radicular Pain. 1  C6 radiculopathy. Symptoms would typically be felt on the thumb side of the hand and wrist, as well as into the thumb. 2  C7 radiculopathy. Symptoms would often be felt on the middle of the hand and wrist, as well as into the index and middle fingers. 3  C8 radiculopathy.


What Causes Hand Pain and Numbness?
Compression of nerve roots in the cervical spine can lead to pain and numbness in the shoulder all the way down to the fingers. There are many causes of hand pain and numbness, including wrist problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome and systemic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis. What many people don't know, however, is that hand pain and numbness often stems from a problem in the neck. This article reviews all common causes of pain and neurological symptoms in the hand and finger, starting with problems in the neck, or cervical spine.


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Hand pain is one feature of joint inflammation that may be felt in the hand. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are the two most common types of arthritis in the hand. Repetitive motion injuries, including carpal tunnel syndrome, can cause pain in the wrist and hand. Tumors of the structures in the hand are a very rare cause of hand or finger pain. Certain conditions such as diabetes can cause damage to the nerves, resulting in pain, numbness, or tingling of the arms and legs. This phenomenon, known as peripheral neuropathy, can also sometimes cause hand pain.


Heart Failure
Risk factors for heart failure include high blood pressure, prior heart attack, obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, vitamin deficiencies, sleep apnea, heavy metal toxicity, eating an unhealthy diet (including animal fat and salt), and being sedentary. The cause of heart failure is a weakened or thickened cardiac muscle. For example, in chronic high blood pressure (hypertension), the heart must pump extra forcefully against the additional blood pressure. First it becomes enlarged and thickened.


Heart Failure
Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle is not able to function in a manner that can sufficiently supply the body with oxygen. Congestive heart failure is the failure of the heart muscle to maintain the circulation, leading to a backup of blood in the veins that causes: swelling (particularly in the lower parts of the body); shortness of breath is another common symptom of congestive heart failure that occurs due to fluid buildup in the lungs; and


Causes of Heart Failure
This can happen in people who have: 1  Low red blood cell count (severe anemia) When there aren't enough red blood cells to carry oxygen, the heart tries to move the small number of cells at a faster heart rate. 2  An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism)


Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome that can be brought about by several causes. Congestive heart failure is a weakening of the heart caused by an underlying heart or blood vessel problem, or a combination of several different problems, including the following: Weakened heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) Damaged heart valves


Causes of Heart Failure
Causes of Heart Failure Updated:May 8,2017 All of us lose some blood-pumping ability in our hearts as we age, but heart failure results from the added stress of health conditions that either damage the heart or make it work too hard. All of the lifestyle factors that increase your risk of heart attack and stroke â smoking, being overweight, eating foods high in fat and cholesterol and physical inactivity â can also contribute to heart failure.


Heart Failure
Systolic heart failure (left-sided heart failure): When the heart loses strength on the left side (left ventricle) and cannot pump the blood into circulation, it is called systolic heart failure or left-sided heart failure. When this occurs, the heart becomes dilated and weak.


Causes of Heart Failure
Learn more about what you can do to reduce your risk for heart failure by making lifestyle changes that last. Conditions that may lead to heart failure. If you have heart failure, chances are you have (or had) one or more of the conditions listed below. Some of these can be present without you knowing it. Typically these conditions cause the wear and tear that leads to heart failure. Having more than one of these factors dramatically increases your risk. View an animation of heart failure.


Congestive Heart Failure
Synchronization improves the effectiveness of the heart as a pump, since with heart failure the pumping action is sometimes uncoordinated. One pacer lead is placed in a coronary vein on the back side of the heart, overlying the left ventricle. The other pacer is placed in the usual right ventricular position.


What is heart failure?
Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood and oxygen to the body's tissues. Symptoms are cough, shortness of breath, and having problems breathing; especially when lying down.


Evaluation of Anemia in Children
Because reticulocytes survive in the periphery for only one or two days, reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RHC) is a more accurate âreal-timeâ measurement of bone marrow iron status.15 Alternatively, many cases of anemia in children are not caused by iron deficiency.


Top 30 Doctor insights on: Elevated Rdw Causes
Causes of low hemoglobin in children - What could cause low MCV and high RDW but normal MCH, hemoglobin, and hematocrit for over a year? How low? Reference ranges are set so that several percent of healthy folks fall outside on either end.


Evaluation of Anemia in Children
Lowâbirth-weight infants. Infants fed low-iron formula. Breastfed infants older than 6 months who are not receiving iron supplementation. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Screening is recommended for children from low-income or newly immigrated families between 9 and 12 months of age, then 6 months later, then annually from 2 to 5 years of age


Top 30 Doctor insights on: Causes Of Low Hemoglobin In Children
Get evaluated: The causes of anemia (low hemoglobin) are many. You need an evaluation with a history and physical exam. Some initial studies include -- CBC w/diff, peripheral blood smear, reticulocyte count, EPO level, fecal occult blood testing and possibly others (eg ua, vitamin studies, etc). ...


Top 30 Doctor insights on: Causes Of Low Hemoglobin In Children
Low H/H: The most common reason for anemia in children is iron deficiency. The first step in resolving iron deficiency anemia in children is by increasing intake through iron rich foods, such as meat, poultry and fish. If this doesn't help, an iron supplement may be needed. Your doctor can help you with this.


Evaluation of Anemia in Children
Normocytic or mildly microcytic, low/normal serum iron level with low transferrin level; ferritin level may be elevated because it is an acute phase reactant. Blood loss. Trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding. Tachypnea, tachycardia, pallor, hypotension. Hgb levels may initially be normal, followed by anemia with normal indices


Evaluation of Anemia in Children
To prevent iron deficiency anemia, adequate dietary iron intake should be ensured in infants older than six months, and cow's milk should be limited to 16 to 24 oz per day in children older than 12 months.


Top 30 Doctor insights on: Causes Of Low Hemoglobin In Children
Let explain: Low hemoglobin count isn't always a sign of illness it may be normal for some people. Women who are pregnant commonly experience low hemoglobin counts. Diseases and conditions that cause your body to produce fewer red blood cells than normal include: aplastic anemia and others.


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We've all seen the comedy drunk on TV (or in the mirror) hiccuping and slurring their words. But alcohol is not the only cause of a short bout of hiccups. Sudden excitement, excessive smoking and sudden changes in temperature will do it. So will trying to drink a whole bottle of cola in one go.


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Hiccups in healthy newborns are usually not a problem. But in certain cases, they can signal a medical issue. Find out what you can do if your baby has hiccups.


How Can I Cure My Newbornâs Hiccups?
There are a few ways to help prevent hiccup episodes. However, itâs difficult to prevent your babyâs hiccups completely as the causes arenât always clear. Try these methods to help prevent hiccups: Make sure your baby is calm when you feed them.


How Can I Cure My Newbornâs Hiccups?
However, babies are usually not affected by them. In fact, many babies can sleep through a bout of hiccups without being disturbed, and hiccups rarely interfere with or have any effect on a babyâs breathing. But if you want to get rid of your babyâs hiccups, here are some tips: Burp your baby. Give them a pacifier. Let the hiccups run their course.


Hiccups Hiccoughs
What causes persistent hiccups? Persistent hiccups are rare. In some cases, persistent hiccups are caused by an underlying disease. Over 100 diseases have been reported to cause hiccups. Some are common, such as acid reflux, and some are rare. You would normally have other symptoms apart from the hiccups. In some cases of persistent hiccups there is no apparent cause. However, the persistent hiccups can become exhausting and distressing. Examples of conditions which can cause persistent hiccups are: Certain medicines - examples are steroids, tranquillisers, painkillers containing opiates (such as morphine) and methyldopa (for blood pressure).


How Can I Cure My Newbornâs Hiccups?
Itâs not always clear what causes a given bout of hiccups in infants. However, as long as your baby is not vomiting with their hiccups, does not seem bothered by them, and is under the age of 1, hiccups can be a normal part of development. The hiccups should go away by the time your baby reaches their first birthday.


Hiccups Hiccoughs
If an underlying cause is found then treatment of the underlying cause, if possible, may cure the hiccups. For example, one research study found that many people with persistent hiccups had a gut condition called acid reflux.


CDC's HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Programs in South Africa:
As the world prepares to respond to the global call to reach the 90/90/90 targets for HIV by 2020, South Africa is also gearing itself up for reaching the 90/90/90 targets for TB by 2020.


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premature death in South Africa, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, and interpersonal violence were the highest ranking causes in 2010. Of the 25 most important causes of burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), congenital anomalies showed the largest decrease, falling by 32% from 1990 to 2010.


CDC's HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Programs in South Africa:
The southern Africa sub region is the epicenter of the HIV epidemic. South Africa in particular bears the greatest brunt of this epidemic with an estimated number of people living with HIV of 6.4 million and a prevalence of 18.8% among the 15-49 year age group. âHIV is driving the TB epidemic in South Africa, with a TB/HIV co-infection rate of above 60% it is clear that the war against TB will never be won unless we win the war against HIV.


CDC's HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Programs in South Africa:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in South Africa, through its Global AIDS Program (GAP), is working closely with the NDoH to support the design and implementation of activities aimed at making the 2020 goal a reality. CDC South Africa supports the TB/HIV response by strengthening: 1  TB screening for PLHIV, children under five, pregnant women, prisoners, miners, and per-mining communities; 2  INH prophylaxis for all HIV+ populations and ex-miners with silicosis;


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South Africa YLDs by cause and age 2010 DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS (DALYs) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) quantify both premature mortality (YLLs) and disability (YLDs) within a population. In South Africa, the top three causes of DALYs in 2010 were HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, and interpersonal violence. The causes that were in the 10 leading causes of DALYs in 2010 and not 1990 were HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and major depressive disorder. The top 25 causes of DALYs are ranked from left to right in order of the number of


Measuring the Global Burden of Disease
In South Africa, the top three causes of DALYs in 2010 were HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, and interpersonal violence. The causes that were in the 10. leading causes of DALYs in 2010 and not 1990 were HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and major depressive disorder.


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âOf the 25 most important causes of burden, as measured by. disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), congenital anomalies. showed the largest decrease, falling by 32% from 1990 to 2010. âThe leading risk factor in South Africa is alcohol use.


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causes of YLDs in South Africa are HIV/AIDS, major depressive disorder, low back pain, iron-deficiency anemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The size of the colored portion in each bar represents the number of YLDs attributable to each cause. The height of each bar shows which age groups had the most YLDs in 2010. The causes are aggregated. For


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Overall, the three risk factors that account for the most disease burden in South Africa are alcohol use, high body-mass index, and high. blood pressure. The leading risk factors for children under 5 and adults aged 15-49 years were suboptimal breastfeeding and alcohol use, respectively, in 2010.


CDC's HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Programs in South Africa:
According to the 2014 WHO Global TB report, South Africa is ranked number 6 among the 22 TB high burden countries with an estimated TB incidence of 860/100,000 and an estimated TB incidence (HIV + TB) of 520/100,000. TB remains the leading cause of death among HIV infected individuals in South Africa. This problem is further compounded by the emergence of drug resistant strains of TB which are more difficult and very costly to treat.


Henoch-SchÃ¶nlein Purpura
Henoch-SchÃ¶nlein purpura is a rare disease that causes the blood vessels in your skin to become irritated and swollen. This inflammation is called vasculitis. When the blood vessels bleed, you get a rash called purpura. HSP can affect blood vessels in the bowel and the kidneys, as well.


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Henoch-SchÃ¶nlein purpura (HSP) is a rare disease that causes inflamed blood vessels in your skin. The main symptoms are a rash and joint pain. Henoch-SchÃ¶nlein purpura (HSP) is a rare disease that causes inflamed blood vessels in your skin.


Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
In the case of HSP, the small blood vessels in the skin become inflamed (a condition called vasculitis) and start leaking red blood cells, which causes a purplish, bruise-like rash on the legs, buttocks, and arms.


Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
The doctor may need to perform a series of tests to confirm a diagnosis of HSP, as no single test for HSP exists. 1  Blood test. 2  Urine sample. 3  Skin biopsy. 4  Kidney biopsy.


Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
What are the causes of HSP? The causes of HSP are not fully understood. One theory is that it may develop as an immune response to an infection. In other words, the bodyâs infection-fighting system, the immune system, continues to attack cells after the infecting organisms are gone. For example, HSP may develop after a cold.


Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura. Henoch-SchÃ¶nlein purpura (HSP) is a disease that causes small blood vessels in the skin to leak because of inflammation. The primary symptom is a rash that looks like many small raised bruises on the legs. The rash is most often on the legs and buttocks, but it can appear on other parts of the body. Some people with HSP also develop abdominal pain or joint pain (arthritis). The kidneys may be affected as well, causing blood or protein in the urine.


Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Henoch-SchÃ¶nlein purpura (HSP) is a disease that causes small blood vessels in the skin to leak because of inflammation. The primary symptom is a rash that looks like many small raised bruises on the legs.


Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
HSP has four main symptoms: Rashes and bruising. Leaking blood vessels in the skin cause rashes that look like bruises or small red dots to develop on the legs, buttocks, and back of the arms. The rash may first look like hives, then change to look like bruises.


Henoch-SchÃ¶nlein Purpura
HSP causes a skin rash called purpora. It looks like small bruises or reddish-purple spots. The rash can occur on your buttocks, around your elbows, or on your legs and feet. In addition to the rash, HSP can cause: joint pain; stomach pain; nausea; vomiting; bloody diarrhea. HSP symptoms usually last about 4 to 6 weeks.


Henoch-SchÃ¶nlein Purpura
HSP causes a skin rash called purpora. 1  It looks like small bruises or reddish-purple spots. The rash can occur on your buttocks, around your elbows, or on your legs and feet. In addition to the rash, HSP can cause: 2  joint pain. 3  stomach pain. 4  nausea. 5  vomiting. 6  bloody diarrhea.


Enlightenment (spiritual)
Great Awakening. The term Great Awakening can refer to several periods of religious revival in American religious history. Historians and theologians identify three or four waves of increased religious enthusiasm occurring between the early 18th century and the late 19th century.


Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that occurred in the United States beginning in the late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century. While it occurred in all parts of the United States, it was especially strong in the Northeast and the Midwest.


Second-Great-Awakening-7
Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement that attempted to revive religion in the nineteenth century. Its main methods were revivals and conversions. Fairly successful, the Second Great Awakening gave birth to religious reform and new religious groups, as well as inspiring reform in other fields. Overview


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The causes and effects of the Great Awakening are subjective and thus various historians will offer different theories. To begin with, there are technically four Great Awakeni â¦ ngs--one in the mid 18th century, one in the beginning of the 19th century, one towards the end of the 19th century, and one in the 20th century (1960's-70's).


Women's Rights and The Great Awakening
Beginning in the mid-1850âs, however, women began to battle for their rights, particularly the right to vote. The Second Great Awakening generated this battle. The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival movement during the 19th century that was challenging womenâs traditional roles in religion. Out of the religious fervor many were inspired to purify the country.


Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening for kids: Background and History of the First Great Awakening The First Great Awakening began in 1725 and lasted up to 1750 during the Colonial period of American history. The Great Awakening was sparked by the tour of an English evangelical minister named George Whitefield.


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The Second Great Awakening was a revival with a greater effect on society than any other revival in America and had a tremendous effect on American society by spawning a large number of social reform movements.


Women's Rights and The Great Awakening
During the antebellum period many women fought for their rights, a battle fought mainly as a result of the Second Great Awakening doctrines of progress and faith in social reform. In July of 1848 the first womenâs rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York.


Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening and the Slaves. The First Great Awakening had brought Christianity to the African slaves, the second brought the message of spiritual equality, a conviction that there would be deliverance from slavery and a rise in the number of black preachers.


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By contrast, some patients with significantly elevated blood pressure have signs or symptoms of acute, ongoing target-organ damage. Such patients have a hypertensive emergency. Hypertensive emergencies can develop in patients with or without known preexisting hypertension .


Hypertensive crisis: What are the symptoms?
A hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke. Extremely high blood pressure â a top number (systolic pressure) of 180 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or higher or a bottom number (diastolic pressure) of 120 mm Hg or higher â can damage blood vessels. The blood vessels become inflamed and may leak fluid or blood. As a result, the heart may not be able to pump blood effectively.Causes of a hypertensive emergency include:A hypertensive crisis is ...


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Causes of a hypertensive emergency include: Forgetting to take your blood pressure medication; Stroke; Heart attack; Heart failure; Kidney failure; Rupture of your body's main artery (aorta) Interaction between medications; Convulsions during pregnancy (eclampsia) A hypertensive crisis is divided into two categories: urgent and emergency. In an urgent hypertensive crisis, your blood pressure is extremely high, but your doctor doesn't suspect you have any damage to your organs. In an emergency hypertensive crisis, your blood pressure is extremely high and has caused damage to your organs. An emergency hypertensive crisis can be associated with life-threatening complications. Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive crisis that may be life-threatening may include: 1  Severe chest pain. 2  Severe headache, accompanied by confusion and blurred vision. 3  Nausea and vomiting. 4  Severe anxiety. 5  Shortness of breath. 6  Seizures. 7  Unresponsiveness.


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Causes of a hypertensive emergency include: 1  Forgetting to take your blood pressure medication. 2  Stroke. 3  Heart attack. 4  Heart failure. 5  Kidney failure. 6  Rupture of your body's main artery (aorta) 7  Interaction between medications. 8  Convulsions during pregnancy (eclampsia)


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Evaluation and treatment of hypertensive emergencies in adults. 1  Mayer SA, Kurtz P, Wyman A, et al. Clinical practices, complications, and mortality in neurological patients with acute severe hypertension: the Studying the Treatment of Acute hyperTension registry. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2330.


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Top. 1  Mayer SA, Kurtz P, Wyman A, et al. 2  Padilla Ramos A, Varon J. Current and newer agents for hypertensive emergencies. 3  Katz JN, Gore JM, Amin A, et al. 4  Johnson W, Nguyen ML, Patel R. Hypertension crisis in the emergency department. 5  Martin JF, Higashiama E, Garcia E, et al.


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(See Management of severe asymptomatic hypertension (hypertensive urgencies) in adults.) By contrast, some patients with significantly elevated blood pressure have signs or symptoms of acute, ongoing target-organ damage. Such patients have a hypertensive emergency. Hypertensive emergencies can develop in patients with or without preexisting chronic hypertension [1,2].


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Causes of a hypertensive emergency include: Forgetting to take your blood pressure medication. Stroke. Heart attack. Heart failure. Kidney failure. Rupture of your body's main artery (aorta) Interaction between medications.


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Padilla Ramos A, Varon J. Current and newer agents for hypertensive emergencies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2014; 16:450. Katz JN, Gore JM, Amin A, et al. Practice patterns, outcomes, and end-organ dysfunction for patients with acute severe hypertension: the Studying the Treatment of Acute hyperTension (STAT) registry.


Week 9: Stress & Immune System Function
2. Suppressing effect of chronic stress on the immune system also impacts the recovery period after surgery. 3. More support of strong interaction between chronic stress & cancer growth than between chronic stress and cancer development in humans.


Overview of HIV and the immune system
The immune system is gradually disrupted. HIV kills cells in the lymph nodes (small glands filled with immune cells that trap foreign organisms) and in other sites. This throws the immune system out of balance. Virus levels in the blood and the lymph nodes increase because the immune system cannot keep up with the amount of virus constantly produced. HIV constantly changes itself, avoiding attack by the antibodies and immune cells that normally control infections. Each generation of viruses is slightly different.


7 common habits that put your immune system at risk
Our immune system is our bodyâs number one defense mechanism to ensure we donât get sick. Unfortunately, as we age, our immune system becomes weaker and there are certain lifestyle habits that can speed up this process even further. If youâre concerned about keeping your immune system strong, you may want to cut out these common habits that sabotage your immune system. 7 habits that weaken your immune system. Taking antacids


Can Better Sleep Mean Catching Fewer Colds?
The immune system is pretty complex. It is made up of several types of cells and proteins that are charged with keeping foreign invaders such as colds or flu at bay. âA lot of studies show our T-cells go down if we are sleep deprived,â Balachandran says. âAnd inflammatory cytokines go up. ... This could potentially lead to the greater risk of developing a cold or flu.â In simple terms, sleep deprivation suppresses immune system function.


7 common habits that put your immune system at risk
If youâre concerned about keeping your immune system strong, you may want to cut out these common habits that sabotage your immune system. 7 habits that weaken your immune system. Taking antacids. Majority of our immune-protecting cells are found in the gut, so when it gets damaged so does our immune system. Taking antacids can work against your immune system as they alter your stomachâs pH levels, which are intended to sterilize food.


Week 9: Stress & Immune System Function
9. Memory T and Memory B cells remain in the body to speed up the response if the same antigen reappears. 10. Supressor T-Cells stop the immune response when all antigens have been destroyed.


Week 9: Stress & Immune System Function
1. Neuroendocrine & immune function are relevant to wound repair. 2. The immune system plays a key role in the early wound repair process. - By warding off infection & tissue repair. This is the inflammation response. It draws B & T cells towards the wound and they are actively there to ward off infection that might be coming into the wound.


Overview of HIV and the immune system
How AIDS develops. 1  The immune system is gradually disrupted. HIV kills cells in the lymph nodes (small glands filled with immune cells that trap foreign organisms) and in other sites. 2  Virus levels in the blood and the lymph nodes increase because the immune system cannot keep up with the amount of virus constantly produced. HIV constantly changes itself, avoiding attack by the antibodies and immune cells that normally control infections.


Overview of HIV and the immune system
Disease progression. 1  The level of virus in the blood and the CD4 cell count can predict the risk of developing AIDS. 2  Without treatment of any sort, at least 50% of people infected with HIV will develop AIDS within ten years.


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Starting pay is around $180.00 a month. Guard does not get a housing allowance. When your in basic and AIT, you are paid the same as active duty, including a housing allowance if married. But after Basic and AIT, you are only paid for your drill periods each month.


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Starting pay is around $180.00 a month. Guard does not get a housing allowance. When your in basic and AIT, you are paid the same as active duty, including a housing allowance if married.


Reserve Pay Overview
If you are placed on active duty your pay will be change from Drill Pay to the same monthly pay structure as your active duty counterparts. Check out the active duty, Guard, and Reserve pay charts. Below are the most common National Guard pay topics. 1  Special Pays. 2  Basic Allowance for Housing.


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So thats two days a month. Starting pay is around $180.00 a month. Guard does not get a housing allowance. When your in basic and AIT, you are paid the same as active duty, including a housing allowance if married.


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So thats two days a month. Starting pay is around $180.00 a month. Guard does not get a housing allowance. When your in basic and AIT, you are paid the same as active duty, including a housing allowance if married. But after Basic and AIT, you are only paid for your drill periods each month.


Does the State National Guard pay for housing?
Best Answer: Yes, you only get paid for drill. So thats two days a month. Starting pay is around $180.00 a month. Guard does not get a housing allowance. When your in basic and AIT, you are paid the same as active duty, including a housing allowance if married. But after Basic and AIT, you are only paid for your drill periods each month.


AN UNUSUAL PATH OF DRUG DEVELOPMENT
AN UNUSUAL PATH OF DRUG DEVELOPMENT. 1  The history of Warfarin can be traced to the story of dairy farming in the midwestern U.S. Dairy herds were introduced to the Midwest soon after the Civil War, around 1870, with a large concentration in Wisconsin, which eventually became known as the Dairy State..


AN UNUSUAL PATH OF DRUG DEVELOPMENT
Warfarin is an antagonist of vitamin K, a necessary element in the synthesis of four clotting factors (II, VII, IX and X; see below for list) and three of the naturally-occurring anticoagulant proteins (C, S and Z).


Ask Dr. Gourmet
Because Vitamin K can have an effect on how CoumadinÂ® (warfarin) is processed in your body it is important to have about the same amounts of Vitamin K each day. Lettuces are members of the cabbage family. As a rule cabbages contain higher amounts of Vitamin K. Part of eating healthy is to eat a lot of green leafy vegetables but this can be a problem for those people who use Coumadin. If you are going to begin eating lettuce and other members of the cabbage family, it is important to be consistent.


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Leaflet prepared by Rita Uckardas, Dt.P., in collaboration with StÃ©phanie. Caron, pharmacist, GeneviÃ¨ve CÃ´tÃ©, Dt.P., M.Sc., Chantal GuÃ¨vremont, Dt.P. and JosÃ©e Nadeau, Dt.P. August 28th,2012. English Translation in association with the group FA-CILITER. Revised. by Thao Huynh MD. M.Sc. and Martine Montigny MD.


Vitamin K in Romaine Lettuce (Cos Lettuce, Raw)
Additionally, you would have to eat 0.78 leaf outer of romaine lettuce (cos lettuce, raw) to get 25% (22.5mcg) of your recommended daily Vitamin K. Here are some examples of foods that compare with romaine lettuce (cos lettuce, raw). To view more foods in other food categories, visit the Vitamin K Food Database.


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For this reason, it is important for you to consume a. regular intake of vitamin K, to avoid excessive amounts. at some times and none at all at other times. Coumarin anticoagulants are sensitive. to major changes in vitamin K intake, especially in people who do not receive. sufficient quantities of this vitamin.


Can Dark Green Leafy Vegetables Increase Bleeding?
Dark green leafy vegetables are reliably rich not only in vitamin K, but in vitamin A and beta-carotenes, which are converted into vitamin A in the body. A cup of raw spinach contains 2,813 IU of vitamin A and 1,688 mcg of beta carotene.


Can Dark Green Leafy Vegetables Increase Bleeding?
Dark green leafy vegetables generally contain extremely high levels of vitamin K. A cup of shredded romaine lettuce provides 48.2 mcg; the same amount of chopped broccoli raab yields 89.6 micrograms. A cup of raw spinach contains 144.9 mcg, while a cup of chopped kale yields a whopping 547.4 micrograms.


Vitamin K in Romaine Lettuce (Cos Lettuce, Raw)
There is 28.7 mcg of Vitamin K in 1.0 leaf outer of romaine lettuce (cos lettuce, raw). The recommended USDA amount of Vitamin K for adults 19 and older is 90 mcg/day. While on Warfarin, you should consume the same amount of Vitamin K daily. The USDA recommends that adults get 90 mcg of vitamin k daily. If the only thing you ate today were romaine lettuce (cos lettuce, raw). You would have to eat 3.14 leaf outers in order to get your 100% recommended daily value of 90mcg of Vitamin K.


New Options Can Help You Improve Accidental Bowel Leakage
The good news is that there are more minimally invasive options than ever. 1  In the most severe cases, people need surgery to repair damage to the sphincter and nearby muscles. But a growing population of patients with accidental bowel leakage can be treated without surgery. Options include:


Underactive Bladder (UAB)
Bowel incontinence and diarrhea are commonly found in critical care areas of hospitals and long-term care settings. Diarrhea and bowel incontinence are major contamination risks in medical and care facilities.


Underactive Bladder (UAB)
Men, women and children who are obese are at a higher risk of developing urinary incontinence. They also may have other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The extra weight carried around a personâs middle puts undue stress and pressure on to the muscles of the pelvic floor.


5 Strange Causes Of Diarrhea
But if you have diarrhea and not the faintest idea why, itâs possible some other factors may be at play. Here are five of the stranger, yet common bowel-busting triggers that may inconveniently send you sprinting to the menâs room. (You might as well brush up on these 4 Fart Facts, too.)


Bowel Incontinence
Causes of Bowel Incontinence. The most common cause of bowel incontinence is damage to the muscles around the anus (anal sphincters). Vaginal childbirth can damage the anal sphincters or their nerves. That's why women are affected by accidental bowel leakage about twice as often as men. Anal surgery can also damage the anal sphincters or nerves, leading to bowel incontinence. There are many other potential causes of bowel incontinence, including: Diarrhea (often due to an infection or irritable bowel syndrome) Impacted stool (due to severe constipation, often in older adults) Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)


Underactive Bladder (UAB)
This is partly due to the extra weight on their bladder, but many do not know that women can experience urinary incontinence during their pregnancy. For some, urinary incontinence continues or worsens after delivery of the baby, but for most, symptoms will go away after giving birth or shortly after the birth. Continue reading â


5 Strange Causes Of Diarrhea
âWhether you're taking them for a sinus infection, dental procedure, or any other reason, antibiotics change the bacterial flora in you intestines and can cause an imbalance of good and bad bacteria that affects the way your body processes food,â Dr. Sheth says.


5 Strange Causes Of Diarrhea
âSome people experience low-grade diarrhea for weeks or months and have no idea what's causing it,â Dr. Sheth says. Giardiaâthe most common intestinal parasite in the U.S.âfrequently hangs out in fresh water.


Underactive Bladder (UAB)
Although statistically men experience urinary incontinence less than women, about six million men in America do experience urinary incontinence. About 17% of men over the age of 60 experience some form of urinary incontinence. In many cases, urinary incontinence in men is caused by prostate problems, or the methods used to treat prostate problems.


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Streams & Floods: The Geology of Running Water â¢ Earth is unique in that it is the only place in our solar system that contains streams of running water. â Mars may have had streams in the past. â¢ Flood â an event during which the volume of water in a stream/river exceeds the streams normal limits. â¢ Runoff â Water that flows on the landâs surface â About 10% of Earthâs water is runoff â¢ Reach - Any length of a stream/river channel â¢ Meander â A broad curving reach â¢ Meteoric Water - Water that is derived from rain or snow (weather-related).


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â¢ All of the water is part of the. hydrologic cycle. â Water starts out in the. atmosphere, falls as rain/snow, is collected into streams, and. eventually empties into oceans. â Ocean water evaporates and the. cycle repeats.


Erosion Facts For Kids
First there is rainfall and as it hits the Earth it can cause erosion, which is called splash erosion. When these water drops all get together and flow like a stream, this also causes erosion. Rivers are one of the biggest creators of erosion over time. As they run along their merry way, they break up lots of little particles along the bottom of the river and off they go downstream.


Geology Lab: Streams and Rivers
This increases the gradient which causes the water to flow faster which increases erosion and transport, which then reduces the gradient. In the lower reaches of a stream, where the discharge is greater, since friction is less the stream need not be so steep to transport the load.


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Streams & Floods: The Geology of Running Water. â¢ Earth is unique in that it is the only. place in our solar system that contains. streams of running water. â Mars may have had streams in the. past. â¢ Flood â an event during which the. volume of water in a stream/river. exceeds the streams normal limits.


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Flood Erosion and Deposition: As flood waters rise, the slope of the stream as it flows to its base level (e.g., the ocean or a lake) increases. Also, as stream depth increases, the hydraulic radius increases thereby making the stream more free flowing. Both of these factors lead to an increase in stream velocity. The increased velocity and the increased cross-sectional area mean that discharge increases. As discharge and velocity increase so do the stream's competence and capacity. In the rising stages of a flood much sediment is dumped into streams by overland flow and gully wash.


Erosion Facts For Kids
These forces are the very things that actually cause erosion. There are other forces too. Erosion can take years and years, and sometimes it can happen really quickly, like in the case of a flood. It all depends on which force is working away the hardest. The main force of erosion is actually water. It causes the most erosion on Earth.


Erosion Facts For Kids
Other Forces of Erosion Amazingly small animals, insects, and worms cause erosion as they break up the soil. This makes it easier for the wind and water to whip it up and carry it away. Amazingly gravity is another force of erosion. The force of gravity pulls rocks and other particles off the side of a mountain and this causes erosion.


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Where a stream flows down a steep slope velocity will increase which will result in increased erosion. Where that stream then flows onto a gentler slope velocity decreases and deposition will result. This process will reduce the slope of steep stretches and increase the slope of flatter stretches resulting in a more even slope through the course of the stream.


PTH
PTH may also be ordered when a person has symptoms associated with hypocalcemia, such as: 1  Abdominal pain. 2  Muscle cramps. 3  Tingling fingers or toes.


PTH
PTH. 1  The so-called intact PTH is the most frequently ordered parathyroid hormone test. 2  A calcium test is almost always ordered along with a PTH test. 3  PTH levels can be used to monitor people who have conditions or diseases that cause chronic calcium imbalances or to monitor those who have had surgery or another treatment for a parathyroid tumor.


Overview
Hyperparathyroidism is caused by factors that increase the production of parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid glands maintain proper levels of both calcium and phosphorus in your body by turning the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) off or on, much like a thermostat controls a heating system to maintain a constant air temperature.


PTH
Calcium - PTH Relationship. 1  If calcium levels are low and PTH levels high, then the parathyroid glands are responding appropriately, producing appropriate amounts of PTH. Depending on the degree of hypocalcemia, a health practitioner may investigate a low calcium level further by measuring vitamin D, phosphorus, and magnesium levels.


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In primary hyperparathyroidism, an enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes overproduction of the hormone, resulting in high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause a variety of health problems.


Overview
Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a result of another disease that initially causes low levels of calcium in the body and over time, increased parathyroid hormone levels occur. Symptoms Hyperparathyroidism is often diagnosed before signs or symptoms of the disorder are apparent.


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Explains how the PTH test is used, when a PTH test is ordered, what the results of a PTH test might mean. It is used to help diagnose the cause of a low or high calcium level and to help distinguish between parathyroid-related and non-parathyroid-related causes.


PTH
PTH promotes the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream. It stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D from the inactive to the active form, which in turn increases the absorption of calcium from food in the intestines. It acts on the kidneys to suppress the excretion of calcium in the urine while encouraging excretion of phosphorus.


PTH
As calcium levels begin to increase in the blood, PTH normally decreases. Parathyroid hormone itself is composed of 84 amino acids (sometimes called PTH (1-84)). Intact and fragmented hormone is present in and secreted by the parathyroid gland. The intact hormone represents a smaller fraction, but its portion is increased when calcium levels are low and decreased when calcium levels are high.


PTH
PTH. 1  The so-called intact PTH is the most frequently ordered parathyroid hormone test. It is used to help diagnose the cause of a low or high calcium level and to help distinguish between parathyroid-related and non-parathyroid-related causes. 2  A calcium test is almost always ordered along with a PTH test.


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However, oliguria in association with prerenal azotemia or acute tubular necrosis mandates a search for the cause of renal hypoperfusion, in particular, a careful assessment of intravascular volume status and cardiac function. Conversely, high urine output can occur despite intravascular volume depletion.


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Oliguria is common urine output 30mlhr with. 1  2 pages. glands.docx. SIADH DEHYDRATION Low NA High NA DI High NA Low Serum Osmo High Serum Osmo High Serum. 2  1 pages. NU 545 Study Group Contact Info.docx. NU 545 Study Group Contact Info Brian Brimhall 208-201-8930 brimhallb@gmail.com Laura. 3  2 pages. AlphabetizedHormones and Target Cells.docx.


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Many preexisting conditions predispose to or cause oliguria and several drugs can cause RF through a variety of mechanisms. 4 b. Prerenal causes of oliguria reduce blood flow to the kidney.


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Penicillin and ampicillin c. Gentamicin and tobramycin b. Vancomycin and bacitracin d. Cefazolin and cefepime ANS: C Although numerous antibiotics can produce nephrotoxic ATN, the aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin) are the major culprits.


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Oliguria and anuria are infrequent complications that can have a multitude of causes, including acute tubular necrosis, edema of the trigone because of the closure of the anastomosis, obstruction by traction with the Foley catheter, displacement or blockage of the Foley catheter, or ureteral injury.


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Oliguria is common urine output 30mLhr with intrarenal AKI but anuria is rare from NURS nu 545 at S. Alabama


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If no prerenal cause for oliguria can be found, postrenal causes must be eliminated. The most common postrenal causes of oliguria tend to be easily correctable. Obstructions to urinary flow should be interrogated as well as iatrogenic causes. Finally, patient history may provide some insight as to an etiology. D.


tobramycin optic (Tobrex)
Side effects associated with the use of tobramycin eye drops are mostly limited to the area(s) of application. Reported side effects include: tearing, swelling of the eye, and ; itching, stinging, or burning of the eye. Administration of eye drops may cause temporary vision problems including blurred vision.


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Many preexisting conditions predispose to or cause oliguria and several drugs can cause RF through a variety of mechanisms. 4. B. Prerenal causes of oliguria reduce blood flow to the kidney. If uncorrected, prerenal insults cause permanent damage due to hypoperfusion or hypoxia.


Is absorbed from the intestines the glomerular
renal microvascular disorders can also cause intrinsic kidney injury. Oliguria is common (urine output <30mL/hr) with intrarenal AKI, but anuria is rare. Creatinine level usually increases with decreased renal blood Fow and decrease GÂ±R. o Nephrotoxic ATN can be produced by the more numerous antibiotics, but aminoglycosides are the major culprits. The drugs tend to accumulate in the renal cortex and may not cause renal failure until after treatment is complete.


Urethritis
Pain with urination is the main symptom of urethritis. Urethritis is commonly due to infection by bacteria. It can typically be cured with antibiotics. Urethritis Causes. Most episodes of urethritis are caused by infection by bacteria that enter the urethra from the skin around the urethra's opening. Bacteria that commonly cause urethritis include:


Swollen Urethra in Female
1. Urethritis. It could be due to a condition called urethritis, which is characterized by inflammation of the urethra. It is common in both men and women, but women are at a greater risk of developing this condition.


What Causes Inflammation Of The Urethra?
Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra and usually caused by an infection 1 sep 1999 any source irritation or urinary tract, especially bladder, prostate urethra, can cause dysuria (table 1). Urethritis is not the same as a urinary tract infection (uti).


Causes of Urethra inflammation
List of 1 causes of Urethra inflammation. This section shows a full list of all the diseases and conditions listed as a possible cause of Urethra inflammation in our database from various sources. Non-Specific Urethritis - urethra inflammation Drug side effect causes of Urethra inflammation . The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins may possibly cause Urethra inflammation as a side effect. Minoxidil tablets Loniten tablets


Causes of an Itchy Urethra in Men
This is because any inflammation of the urethra draws immune cells to the site of infection in a process called shedding. This, in turn, draws HIV to the site, as it preferentially targets these very same immune cells for infection.


Prostatitis: Inflammation of the Prostate
The main function of the prostate is to make a fluid that goes into semen. Prostate fluid is essential for a manâs fertility. The gland surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder. The bladder neck is the area where the urethra joins the bladder. The bladder and urethra are parts of the lower urinary tract. The prostate has two or more lobes, or sections, enclosed by an outer layer of tissue, and it is in front of the rectum, just below the bladder.


Swollen Urethra in Female
Swollen Urethra in Female The tube that connects to the bladder and takes urine outside the body is called the urethra. In women, the urethra is just above the vagina and is usually 1.5 inches in length. It is up to 8 inches long in men and goes outside the body, passing through the penis and the prostate gland. Therefore, there are higher risks of swollen urethra female will experience. Read on to find out the possible causes. What Causes Swollen Urethra in Female? A female may experience swelling of the urethra for many different reasons. Your doctor will consider your symptoms and conduct a physical exam to make a diagnosis. Here are some of the most common causes of swollen urethra females should be aware of. 1. Urethritis


Urethritis (Urethra Infection) in Men and Women
Urethritis is the medical term for inflammation of the urethra, the muscular tube that carries urine from the bladder to pass it out into the external environment. Due to the frequency of urethritis occurring as a result of an infection, it is often accepted that the term urethritis is due to infection-induced inflammation of the urethra. However there are non-infectious causes of urethritis, although this is rare in comparison to infectious factors.


Conditions Treated
Changing the diet can help â for some, that means reducing consumption of potassium- and acid-rich foods, spices and beverages that contribute to bladder irritation and inflammation. TENS delivers mild electrical pulses through the skin to stimulate the bladder nerves; this can relieve symptoms by increasing blood flow to the bladder, strengthening pelvic muscles, or changing the pain response.


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Research the causes of these symptoms that are similar to, or related to, the symptom Urethra inflammation: 1  Urethral symptoms (37 causes) 2  Urination pain (123 causes) 3  Urinary pain (93 causes) 4  Cloudy urine (33 causes) 5  Urinary tract infection (68 causes) 6  Non-Specific Urethritis. 7  more symptoms...Â».


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A chemical burn can cause symptoms ranging from burning and blisters to pain and shortness of breath. Burn (heat or fire) Burns caused by heat are called thermal burns and can cause pain swelling, skin changes, blisters and more.


Itching or burning, Lump or bulge and Skin rash
Crabs, or pubic lice, are tiny, six-legged insects that infest pubic skin and hair and cause intense itching. Erythema migrans. Erythema migrans is the name for the bull's-eye rash that occurs with Lyme disease. Chickenpox (varicella) Chickenpox is an illness that causes a red, itchy rash, fever, headache, sore throat, and body aches. Eczema (infants) Eczema is a common cause of skin rashes in infants, causing redness, bumps, swelling, itchiness, and more. Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection spread through tick bites; symptoms include rash, fever chills, and more.


Top 30 Doctor insights on: Can Constipation Cause Sharp Abdominal Pain
Stomach: The most likely source in the left upper abdomen is your stomach especially with the transient nature of the pain. Your colon is a possibility as well. If you are consistently having these symptoms talk to your physician about testing and treatments.


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Signs and Symptoms. 1  A feeling of chest pressure. 2  Pain with swallowing. 3  Choking or coughing when swallowing. 4  Vomiting after eating or drinking. 5  Aspirating (inhaling into the lungs) food or liquids when you swallow. 6  Fatigue and unexpected weight loss. 7  Frequent heartburn.


What We Treat
Signs and Symptoms. 1  Usually no symptoms and patients are surprised by the diagnosis. 2  Abnormal blood tests (liver profile) during a routine visit with your doctor. 3  Fatigue. 4  Muscle and Joint Pain. 5  Vague pain in the upper right section of the abdomen.


What We Treat
Irritable bowel syndrome or IBS is a condition associated with symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel function (constipation, diarrhea, or alternating pattern of constipation and diarrhea). Doctors call IBS a functional disorder. This means there is not a structural abnormality in the bowel.