text: [{"text_idx": "#000001", "text": "saabun uchch anu bhaar vaale kaarbanik vaseeya amlon ke sodiym ya potaishiym lavan hai. mrudu saabun ka sootr C17H35COOK evam kathor saabun ka sootr C17H35COONa hai. saabuneekaran ki kriya mein vanaspati tel ya vasa evam kaastik soda ya kaastik potaash ke jaleeya ghol ko garm karke raasaayanik pratikriya ke dvaara saabun ka nirmaan hota tatha gleesaraal mukt hota hai."}, {"text_idx": "#000002", "text": "vasa ya vaseeya aml + NaOH ya KOH \u2192 saabun + gleesaraal[1]"}, {"text_idx": "#000004", "text": "saabun, basa amlon ke jalavileya lavan hain. aisa vasa amlon mein 6 se 22 kaarban parmaanu rah sakte hain. saadhaaranataya vasa amlon se saabun naheen taiyaar hota. vasa amlon ke glisraaid prakruti mein tel aur vasa ke roop mein paae jaate hain. in glisraaidon se hi daahak soda ke saath dvik apaghatan se sansaar ka adhikaansh saabun taiyaar hota hai. saabun ke nirmaan mein upajaat ke roop mein glisreen praapt hota hai jo bada upayogi padaarth hai."}, {"text_idx": "#000008", "text": "saabun ke liye kachche maal"}, {"text_idx": "#000011", "text": "tel ke rang par hi saabun ka rang nirbhar karta hai. safed saabun ke liye tel aur rang ki safaai nitaant aavashyak hai. tel ki safaai tel mein thoda sodiym haaidrauksaait ka vilyan daalkar garam karne se hoti hai. tel ke rang ki safaai tel ko vaayu ke bulabule aur bhaap paarit kar garam karne se athva sakriyit sarandhr fular mitti ke saath garam kar chhaanane se hoti hai. saabun mein rojin ke aml ka sodiym lavan banta hai. yeh saabun sa hi kaam karta hai. rojin ki maatra 25 pratishat se adhik naheen rahani chaahiye. saamaanya saabun mein yeh maatra praaya: 5 pratishat rahati hai. saabun ke choorn mein rojin naheen rahata. rojin se saabun mein pootigandh naheen aati. saabun ko mulaayam athva jald ghulane wala aur chipkane wala banaane ke liye usamein thoda amoniya ya traai-ithenolaimin mila dete hain. hajaamat banaane mein prayukt hone vaale saabun mein uparyukt raasaayanik dravyon ko avashya daalte hain."}, {"text_idx": "#000012", "text": "saabun banaane ke liye tel ya vasa ko daahak soda (kaastik soda) ke vilyan ke saath milaakar bade-bade kadaahon ya ketali mein ubaalate hain. kadaahe bhinn-bhinn aakaar ke ho sakte hain. saadhaaranataya 10 se 150 tan jaladhaarita ke oordhvaadhaar silindar mrudu ispaat ke bane hote hain. ye bhaapakundali se garam kiye jaate hain. dhaarita ke keval 1/3 hi tel ya vasa se bhara jaata hai."}, {"text_idx": "#000014", "text": "is prakaar saabun taiyaar karne mein 5 se 10 din lag sakte hain. 24 ghante mein saabun taiyaar ho jaae aisi vidhi bhi ab maaloom hai. ismein tel ya vasa ko ooainche taap par jal apaghatit kar vasa aml praapt karte aur usako fir sodiym haaidrauksaaid se upachaarit kar saabun banaate hain. saabun ko jaleeya vilyan se pruthak karne mein apakeinditr (sentreefyooj) ka bhi upayog hua hai. aaj thandi vidhi se bhi thoda garam kar soda vilyan ke saath upachaarit kar saabun taiyaar hota hai. aise tel mein kuchh asaabuneekrut tel rah jaata hai. tel ka glisreen bhi saabun mein hi rah jaata hai. yeh saabun nikrusht koti ka hota hai, par apekshaya sasta hota hai. ardh-kvathan vidhi se bhi praaya: 80 degree celcius tak garam karke saabun taiyaar ho sakta hai. mulaayam saabun, visheshat: hajaamat banaane ke saabun, ke liye yeh vidhi achhi samajhi jaati hai."}, {"text_idx": "#000015", "text": "yadi kapda dhone wala saabun banaana hai, to usamein thoda sodiym siliket daalkar, thandha kar, tikiyon mein kaatkar us par mudraankan karte hain. aise saabun mein 30 pratishat paani rahata hai. nahaane ke saabun mein 10 pratishat ke lagbhag paani rahata hai. paani kam karne ke liye saabun ko pattavaahi par surang kism ke shoshak mein sukhaate hain."}, {"text_idx": "#000019", "text": "saabun ke paani mein ghulaane se tel aur paani ke beech ka prushth tanaav bahut kam ho jaata hai. isse vastr ke reshe vilyan ke ghanishth sansparsh mein aa jaate hain aur mail ke nikalne mein sahaayata milti hai. maile kapde ko saabun ke vilyan pravisht kar jaata hai jisse reshe ki koshion se vaayu nikalne mein sahaayata milti hai."}]