text: [{"text_idx": "#000004", "text": "(1) fraaunahofar vivrtan (Fraunhofer Diffraction) aur (2) frenel vivrtan (Fresnel Diffraction)."}, {"text_idx": "#000007", "text": "akele rekhaachhidr ka vivrtan paitarn (Diffraction pattern of single slit)"}, {"text_idx": "#000011", "text": "d (sin-i + sin q) = n l hota hai. n spectrum ki koti (order) ka dyotak hai."}, {"text_idx": "#000013", "text": "spektramiki (spectroscopy) mein spectrum praapt karne ke liye vakr greting se bade upayogi spektrograaf banaae gaye hain. vakr greting ke liye bhi tarangadairdhya ka sootr d (sin i + sin q) = n l hi hota hai. do vibhinn varnon ki rashmiyon (l1, l2) ko ek doosare se pruthak karne ki kshamata ko greting ki varnavikshepan kshamata (Dispersive Power) kaha jaata hai. yadi l1- l2 = Dl ho aur inke vivrtan kon kramash: q1 aur q2 hon tatha q1 - q2 = Dq ho, to greting ki varn vikshepan kshamata hoti hai. tanragadairghya ke sootr se iska maan hota hai. kramash: uchchatar koti mein varn vikshepan kshamata badhti jaati hai. yadi l aur l+dl do atyant sameepavarti vikirn (radiations) hon aur greting dvaara inko ek doosare se alag-alag dekha ja sake to dl ko greting ki vibhedan kshamata (resolving power) kehte hain. N greting par bani hui kul rekhaaon (ya rekhaachhidron) ki sankhya hai. kramash: uchchtar koti mein vibhedan kshamata bhi badhti jaati hai."}, {"text_idx": "#000023", "text": "vivrtan aur vyatikran mein siddhaantat: koi bhed naheen hai. tab bhi bahudha yeh kaha jaata hai ki vyatikran mein kuchh niyat sankhya ke prakaashapunjon ka adhyaaropan (superposition) hone se tarang aayaam (wave amplitude) ke pratyek atisookshm khandon (elements) ke prabhaav ka samaakalan (integrate) karke tarang ka aayaam gyaat kiya jaata hai. ek se adhik rekhaachhidron ka vivrtan paitarn, vivrtan aur vyatikran ke sanyukt prabhaav se, banta hai. sankshep mein; vivrtan, vyatikran ka hi kinchit klisht roop hai."}]