1. A computer based method implemented using at least one hardware implemented processor for phoneme recognition comprising: using the at least one hardware implemented processor to perform the steps of: generating a sequence of intermediate phoneme posterior vectors from an input sequence of cepstral features using a first layer perceptron that provides feature-level context-modeling; using an intermediate phoneme time boundary decoder to determine a sequence of sampling segments as a function of the intermediate phoneme posterior vectors, each sampling segment defined by a phoneme start boundary and a phoneme stop boundary; downsampling the intermediate phoneme posterior vectors by sampling the sequence of intermediate phoneme posterior vectors a fixed number of times in each sampling segment to form a reduced input set of intermediate phoneme posterior vectors for a second layer perceptron; generating a sequence of final phoneme posterior vectors from the reduced input set of intermediate phoneme posterior vectors using the second layer perceptron based on posterior-level context modeling of inter-phonetic information; and decoding the final phoneme posterior vectors using a final phoneme recognition decoder to determine an output recognized phoneme sequence representative of the input sequence of cepstral features.