1. A method for controlling a wind turbine based on an identified surface condition of a rotor blade of the wind turbine, the method comprising: actively adjusting an operating input of the wind turbine over time; monitoring an operating parameter of the wind turbine to obtain parameter data related to the operating parameter as the operating input is being actively adjusted; comparing the parameter data to predetermined parameter data for the operating parameter to identify variations in a dynamic response of the operating parameter over time to changes in the operating input; determining that a change in a surface roughness of the rotor blade has occurred based on the identified variations in the dynamic response of the operating parameter; adjusting at least one of a pitch angle or a tip speed ratio of the rotor blade when it has been determined that the change in the surface roughness of the rotor blade exceeds a predetermined threshold account for the change in the surface roughness of the rotor blade; and maintaining the adjustment made to the at least one of the pitch angle or the tip speed ratio as the wind turbine continues to be operated so as to recover over time at least a portion of a reduction in an aerodynamic efficiency caused by the change in the surface roughness of the rotor blade.