1. A method for identifying and/or authenticating a material or an object, notably with view to carrying out sorting of materials or objects, characterized in that it comprises: an excitation step including the application to a material or to an object of a plurality of excitation vectors (V j , j=1 to p), a step for detecting responses (R1, R2, R3. .. ) of the materials or objects subject to said excitation vector (V t , j=1 à p), a step for determining at least one piece of information concerning said material or said object on the basis of said obtained responses (R1, R2, R3. .. ) and of a pre-established correspondence table.