1. A device for testing a battery, the device comprising: a determination circuit configured to determine for a plurality of charging states of the battery at least one of a derivative entropy of the battery and a differential entropy of the battery; and an evaluation circuit configured to evaluate a health state of the battery based on the determined at least one of the derivative entropy and the differential entropy of the battery for the plurality of charging states of the battery, wherein: the derivative entropy of the battery is based on an entropy state function of the battery and at least one of a lithium stoichiometry in an anode of the battery and a lithium stoichiometry in a cathode of the battery; and the differential entropy of the battery is based on the entropy state function of the battery before exposure to at least one of a substantial voltage and a substantial temperature and on the entropy state function of the battery after exposure to the at least one of the substantial voltage and the substantial temperature.