1. An electronic device comprising: one or more computer-readable storage media that store instructions; and one or more processors that execute the instructions to: obtain information about a target device; determine, based on the information about the target device, one or more target observations that include a target time and a target location; identify one or more candidate observations of one or more candidate devices, wherein the candidate observations include a second time and a second location that correspond with the target time and the target location; and designate the one or more candidate devices as being associated devices that correspond with the target device if a number of candidate observations of the one or more candidate devices is more than or equal to a predefined number.