1. Stochastic spiking neuron signal processing system configured to implement task specific learning, the system comprising: a controller apparatus configured to generate output control signal y based at least in part on input signal, said controller apparatus characterized by a controller state parameter, and a control parameter and a learning apparatus configured to: generate an adjustment signal based at least in part on said input signal, said controller state parameter, and said output signal; and provide said adjustment signal to said controller apparatus, thereby effecting said learning; wherein: said control parameter is configured in accordance with said task; and said adjustment signal is configured to modify said control parameter based at least in part on said input signal and said output signal.