1. A system configured to facilitate palette-based color editing of images, the system comprising: non-transitory electronic storage storing visual information of a first image, the visual information defining individual colors of individual pixels of the first image; and one or more physical processors configured by machine-readable instructions to: identify a set of principle colors from among the individual colors of the individual pixels of the first image, wherein individual principle colors are identified based on sizes of individual regions of the first image that share individual colors, such that individual principle colors are identified as the individual colors of the individual regions of the first image that are relatively larger than other ones of the individual regions; determine color distributions about the individual principle colors, an individual color distribution including colors that vary with respect to an individual principle color, such that: responsive to identifying a first principle color of the first image, a first color distribution about the first principle color is determined, the first color distribution including a first set of colors that vary with respect to the first principle color; and responsive to identifying a second principle color of the first image, a second color distribution about the second principle color is determined, the second color distribution including a second set of colors that vary with respect to the second principle color; determine pixel groups by associating individual pixels with one or more of the pixel groups, individual pixel groups corresponding to individual color distributions, wherein individual pixels are associated with one or more of the individual pixel groups based on correspondences between individual colors of the individual pixels and individual colors included in the individual color distributions corresponding to the individual pixel groups, the pixel groups including: a first pixel group corresponding to the first color distribution, a first pixel being associated with the first pixel group based on a correspondence between a first color of the first pixel and a second color within the first set of colors included in the first color distribution; and a second pixel group corresponding to the second color distribution, a second pixel being associated with the second pixel group based on a correspondence between a third color of the second pixel and a fourth color within the second set of colors included in the second color distribution; and modify the individual colors of individual pixels of the first image based on the associations of the individual pixels with the individual pixel groups, wherein the individual colors of the individual pixels of the individual color groups are modified separately from other individual colors of the individual pixels of other individual color groups.