1. A vision-based augmented reality system using an invisible marker, comprising: a target object (TO) including an infrared marker (IM) drawn by an invisible infrared light-emitting material; a visible-ray camera for capturing an image of the TO; an infrared-ray camera for capturing an image of the IM included in the TO image; an optical axis converter for transmitting a visible ray received from the TO to the visible-ray camera, transmitting an infrared ray received from the TO to the infrared-ray camera, and allowing the infrared-ray camera and the visible-ray camera to have the same viewing point; an image processing system for receiving the infrared marker image from the infrared-ray camera, receiving the TO image from the visible-ray camera, separating the infrared marker image and the TO image from each other, real-time monitoring a position and pose of the IM associated with the infrared-ray camera, real-time tracking a position and pose of the TO, and rendering a prepared virtual image to the TO image based on the tracked position and pose of the TO to generate a new image; and an output unit for displaying the image received from the image processing system on a screen.