1. A method for determining a localization error (ε) for a point (P 0 ) of a raw image (A 0 ), each point (P 0 ) of the raw image (A 0 ) with image coordinates (I, c) in the raw image (A 0 ) being associated with announced terrain coordinate values (x T , y T , z T ) defining the geographical localization of the object represented by the point (P 0 ) of the raw image (A 0 ); the method comprising the following steps: providing an exposure function (f) associating each point (P 0 ) of the raw image (A 0 ) with corresponding terrain coordinates (X, Y, Z), the exposure function (f) using the magnitudes having a known probability law as parameters of the magnitudes (θ 1 ,. .. , θ n ) depending on the exposure conditions of the raw image (A 0 ), the magnitudes (θ 1 ,. .. , θ n ) having a known probability law (D(θ 1 ,. .. , θ n )); providing a terrain model (M) connecting the terrain coordinates (X, Y, Z) to one another; and deducing, from the exposure function (f) and the terrain model (M), at least one localization function (g) giving, for a given point (P 0 ) of the raw image (A 0 ), at least some of the terrain coordinates (X, Y, Z) for localizing the object shown by the point (P 0 ) of the raw image (A 0 ) as a function of the magnitudes (θ 1 ,. .. , θ n ) depending on the exposure conditions of the raw image (A 0 ), the method being characterized in that it also comprises the following steps: estimating, using the probability law (D(θ 1 ,. .. , θ n )) of the magnitudes (θ 1 ,. .. , θ n ) and at least one localization function (g) applied for the image coordinate (I,c) point (P 0 ) of the raw image (A 0 ), the value of a statistical magnitude (G) characteristic of a probability law (D(X, Y, Z)) of at least one of the terrain coordinates (X, Y, Z) associated with the point (P 0 ) of the raw image (A 0 ); and deducing the localization error (ε) of the point (P 0 ) of the raw image (A 0 ) from the value of the statistical magnitude (G).