1. An LED lighting based multispectral imaging system for color measurement, comprising: a main control computer; and an enclosed type lamp box for placing a to-be-measured object, wherein a digital camera is provided at the top of the lamp box, an LED lamp set control apparatus is provided in central enclosed space at the bottom of the lamp box, a drawer type bearing platform that is used for placing the to-be-measured object and that enters or exits from the lamp box through an external drive is provided in an upper part of the lamp box, and at least one LED lamp set is provided on each of two sides at the bottom of the lamp box; the digital camera aims at the to-be-measured object and is connected to the main control computer and is configured to shoot an image of the to-be-measured object; all LED lamp sets have a same structure; each LED lamp set comprises a plurality of monochromatic LED lamps with different peak wavelengths; the LED lamp set control apparatus is connected to each LED lamp set and the main control computer and is configured to receive a control instruction sent by the main control computer and control turn-on or turn-off and an illumination degree/illumination degrees of one or more LED lamps of the LED lamp set according to the received control instruction; and the main control computer is configured to control, according to a spectral sensitivity curve of the digital camera, spectral power distribution of each LED lamp set to be in a reciprocal relationship with the spectral sensitivity curve of the digital camera, output the control instruction to drive the LED lamp set control apparatus to turn on a corresponding LED lamp in each LED lamp set, receive an image, of the to-be-measured object, that is shot by the digital camera when the corresponding LED lamp in the LED lamp set is turned on, and extract a camera response and perform calculation, to obtain spectral reflectivity of each pixel of the to-be-measured object.