1. A resolution-enhanced plenoptic imaging system comprising: a plenoptic imaging system including an overlapping first imaging subsystem and second imaging subsystem; the plenoptic imaging system performing a plenoptic imaging process that is modeled by a pupil image function (PIF) that relates an object to a plenoptic image formed by that object; the first imaging subsystem producing a primary image; the second imaging subsystem including: a secondary imaging array positioned approximately at a location of the primary image; and a sensor array positioned to capture a plenoptic image formed by the secondary imaging array; and a processor coupled to the sensor array; wherein: the object comprises K object components; and the PIF comprises K component PIFs, each component PIF modeling the plenoptic imaging process for the corresponding object component; the plenoptic imaging process is modeled as a vector-matrix operation[Iv f ]=[[PIFv 1 ][PIFv 2 ].. . [PIFv K ]][[Iv o1 ] T [Iv o2 ] T. .. [Iv oK ] T ] T , where the [Iv ok ] are vectors representing the object components, the [PIFv k ] are matrices representing the component PIFs and [Iv f ] is a vector representing the captured plenoptic image; and the processor applies a PIF inversion process to the captured plenoptic image to produce estimates of each object component, the PIF inversion process comprising solving an optimization problem to minimize a metric with respect to the [Iv ok ] where the metric is a function of ∥[[PIFv 1 ][PIFv 2 ]. .. [PIFv K ]][[Iv o1 ] T [Iv o2 ] T. .. [Iv oK ] T ] T −[Iv f ]∥ and ∥.∥ defines a norm or combination of norms.