1. A method, comprising: receiving a signal comprising a two-dimensional signal pattern in a time-frequency representation, the two-dimensional signal pattern comprising first reference resource elements at predetermined positions in the two-dimensional signal pattern; determining a first covariance measure based on the first reference resource elements of the signal pattern; determining a second covariance measure based on resource elements of the signal pattern different from the first reference resource elements; and determining a noise and interference covariance measure of the received signal based on the first covariance measure and based on the second covariance measure.