1. A method of decoding moving pictures by adaptively applying a plurality of quantization weight matrices, that are not related by a scalar, to a respective macroblock of an input image, the method comprising: receiving an encoded stream including the input image, the encoded stream comprising at least one macroblock; for each macroblock that is an intra-block, the respective intra-block comprises information that specifies a plurality of intra-block quantization weight matrices for a luminance (Y) component for intra-blocks corresponding to the respective intra-block, wherein the specified intra-block quantization weight matrices correspond to which of non-zero spatial characteristic were detected regarding the respective intra-block; for each macroblock that is an inter-block, the respective inter-block comprises information that specifies a plurality of inter-block quantization weight matrices for Y component for inter-blocks corresponding to the respective inter-block, wherein the specified inter-block quantization weight matrices correspond to which of non-zero spatial characteristics were detected regarding the respective inter-block; performing a variable length decoding on the encoded image data; selecting at least one quantization weight matrix based on the information; and inversely quantizing each variable length decoded macroblock by adaptively applying specified respective quantization weight matrices for the respective macroblock, wherein at least two intra macroblocks of the input image having different determined spatial characteristics are inverse quantized using different intra-block quantization weight matrices, and at least two inter macroblocks of the input image having different determined spatial characteristics are inverse quantized using different inter-block quantization weight matrices.