1. A vision test comprising: a display surface containing at least one uniformly rotating (non-static) animated dynamic optotype whose calibrated angular arc width, angular rotation speed, rotation direction, segments, gaps, color, background contrast, and stroke-width thickness and incidence of the segment and gaps can be used to determine visual acuity, and used as a quantitative basis for calculating visual refractions; wherein acuity is determined based upon detection of the angular rotation of the dynamic optotype image; and wherein that rotation detection threshold becomes a direct measure of acuity as a function of the image attributes and the viewing distance.