1. A camera, comprising: a lens arranged to produce an image of an object in an image plane located a distance L from the lens; an actively addressable aperture defined by a spatial light modulator (SLM) disposed between the object and the image plane, the SLM including elements spaced at a pitch of Λ; a detector disposed in the image plane and configured to sense two-dimensional images transmitted or reflected through the actively addressable aperture, the detector having an active area with a maximum transverse dimension of about D<2 Lλ/Λ, where λ is a wavelength of the two-dimensional images sensed by the detector; and a processor operably coupled to the SLM and to the detector, the processor configured to vary at least one of a position, size, and shape of the actively addressable aperture and to generate a representation of a four-dimensional light field associated with the object based on the two-dimensional images sensed by the detector.