1. A video encoding apparatus, comprising: a parameter calculator configured to calculate a compensation parameter for a brightness compensation based on one or more first pixels adjacent to a current block, and one or more second pixels adjacent to a second block obtained by using a prediction motion vector of a motion vector of the current block, wherein locations of the one or more second pixels are determined based on locations one or more of the first pixels; a target pixel selector configured to select one or more target pixels in a prediction block of the current block for the brightness compensation by using pixels of a third block adjacent to the second block, the prediction block of the current block being determined by the motion vector of the current block; and a predictive encoder configured to perform the brightness compensation for the prediction block by applying the calculated compensation parameter to the selected target pixels to generate a compensated prediction block, and to perform a predictive encoding by using the compensated prediction block, wherein the target pixel selector is configured to select the target pixels based on a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold, the minimum threshold and the maximum threshold being calculated from values of the pixels of the third block adjacent to the second block.