1. A method for the differential diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia or chronic alcoholism, comprising imaging the brain of a subject in need of diagnosis for the markers phosphocreatine (PCr), N-acetyl aspartate divided by the total creatine signal (NA/Cr t ), and synaptic phosphodiester (sPDE) and determining any increase or decrease in the presence of said markers compared to normal levels in specified anatomic areas of the brain, and outputting the results of the imaging as one or more files or images to be viewed by a diagnostician.