1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: receiving, by a computing system, recipient image data associated with an original image captured by a sender computing system; generating, by the computing system, an intermediate image based on the recipient image data, the generating the intermediate image comprising decoding the recipient image data based on a format that is determined based on at least one of device information related to the sender computing system or a recipient computing system; and providing, by the computing system, the intermediate image to the recipient computing system for generating a viewable image for display on the recipient computing system.