1. A system for tridimensional cartography of a structural surface, comprising: two wires extendable along the structural surface while being spaced from each other so as to define a reference surface in front of the structural surface; a measuring unit comprising a laser arrangement configured to project two distinct light planes directed toward the structural surface and crossing the wires, and a camera configured to capture images of the structural surface containing lines resulting from an intersection of the light planes with the structural surface and reference points resulting from an intersection of the light planes with the wires; a support assembly configured to controllably move the measuring unit in front of the structural surface so as to progressively scan the structural surface to be mapped; and a processing unit for processing the images captured by the camera, the processing unit having: a processing circuit that determines an orientation and a position of the measuring unit with respect to the reference surface as function of the reference points in the images; a processing circuit that determines 3D coordinates of points defining the lines in the images with respect to a reference system bound to the measuring unit determined as function of the orientation and the position of the measuring unit; and a processing circuit that transforms the 3D coordinates into cartographic data representative of the structural surface in a global reference system bound to the reference surface defined by the wires.