1. A method for identifying crystalline phases in a polycrystalline sample, comprising the method steps of: a) for each crystal structure that is expected to be present in the sample, determining a normalized vector p(i) for the chemical composition of the crystal structure, wherein the basis of the vector represents elements and/or compounds and the coordinates of the vector comprise details about the concentration of the elements and/or compounds within the crystal structure; b) at each measurement point of the sample, (i) recording a spectrum by means of energy-dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDX spectrum) and determining the chemical composition, and (ii) recording an electron diffraction image and determining the diffraction bands; c) determining a normalized vector v for the chemical composition at the measurement point, the coordinates of which comprise details about the concentration of the elements and/or compounds at the measurement point; d) comparing the normalized vector v for the chemical composition at the measurement point with each of the normalized vectors p(i) of the expected crystal structures and outputting an evaluation factor s(i) for the similarity of the vectors in each case; e) comparing the diffraction bands determined at the measurement point with the diffraction bands of the expected crystal structures and outputting an evaluation factor n(i) for the similarity of the diffraction bands; and f) determining an overall quality from the two evaluation factors s(i) and n(i) and identifying the crystal structure with the highest overall quality as belonging to the measurement point.