1. A three-dimensional bioprinter comprising: a. one or more printer heads, wherein a printer head comprises a means for receiving and holding at least one cartridge, wherein a cartridge comprises at least one deposition orifice and contents selected from one or more of: i. bio-ink, and ii. support material; b. a means for calibrating the position of the at least one cartridge or the at least one deposition orifice utilizing a laser and a laser detector; c. a means for dispensing the contents of the at least one cartridge by direct or indirect application of a piston; d. a receiving surface for receiving the dispensed contents of the at least one cartridge; and e. a programmable control processor for positioning the one or more printer heads in three dimensions and regulating the dispensing of the contents of the at least one cartridge.