1. A method for data filtering implemented by a device, comprising: segmenting, by a processor of the device, a to-be-detected vector to obtain k to-be-detected sub-vectors; respectively performing, by the processor, an inner product operation on the k to-be-detected sub-vectors and corresponding detection vectors among preset k detection vectors to obtain k first operation results; determining, by the processor, a first operation result, wherein a value of the first operation result is a maximum among the k first operation results; obtaining, by the processor, an identifier of a detection vector corresponding to the first operation result, wherein the detection vector corresponding to the first operation result is in a one-to-one correspondence to the identifier; mapping, by the processor, the to-be-detected vector to a preset data filter according to the identifier of the detection vector corresponding to the first operation result; and determining, by the processor and using the preset data filter, whether to filter out the to-be-detected vector.