1. A biological observation apparatus comprising: a macro-image acquisition unit that acquires a macro image of an observation region that includes a biological specimen; a micro-image acquisition unit that acquires a micro image of the biological specimen; an identification-information storing unit that stores identification information of the biological specimen; a biological-specimen specifying unit that extracts identification information of the biological specimen included in the macro image by performing image processing on the macro image acquired by the macro-image acquisition unit and that specifies the biological specimen for which the extracted identification information corresponds to the identification information stored in the identification-information storing unit; and an adjuster that adjusts relative positions of the biological specimen and a viewing range of the micro image such that the biological specimen specified by the biological-specimen specifying unit is included in the viewing range of the micro image.