1. A method, comprising: obtaining pixel data of a screen image intended for presentation on a display of an electronic device; prior to presenting the screen image on the display: identifying particular content in the screen image based on the pixel data; identifying, in the pixel data, content-pixel data that is a portion of the pixel data that corresponds to the identified particular content; and modifying the content-pixel data to obscure presentation of the particular content; and causing presentation of the screen image on the display based on the modified content-pixel data such that presentation of the particular content is obscured in the presentation of the screen image.