1. A method of extracting a three-dimensional (3D) shape, the method of comprising: simultaneously irradiating, to a target object, n polarized lights of n wavelengths and another n differently polarized lights of the same wavelengths as the n polarized lights, and acquiring 2n two-dimensional (2D) images corresponding to the 2n lights, n denoting a natural number satisfying n≧3; and extracting a 3D shape of a surface of the target object by synthesizing at least three images among the 2n 2D images.