1. A system for image capturing and depth extraction, the system comprising: a lens system; a spectrum coded aperture including at least two regions that pass spectrum channels of an incident light field which are different from each other; and a sensor configured to record the at least two spectrum channels to form an image captured in a sensor basis; and a data processor configured to convert the image captured in the sensor basis into an image of a processing basis, extract a disparity from the image of the processing basis, and convert the disparity into depth information.