1. A device for the three-dimensional reconstruction of a scene by image analysis, comprising: an image acquisition device configured to capture images of the scene; an analysis device configured to calculate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the scene from at least one image of the scene taken by the image acquisition device; and a projection device configured to project a first light pattern and a second light pattern, which are complementary, on the examined scene, the first light pattern and the second light pattern being projected along separate projection axes forming a non-zero angle between the projection axes, so as to be superimposed while forming a uniform image with homogenous intensity in a projection plane, the analysis device being programmed to calculate a three-dimensional reconstruction from a measurement of the variation in the homogeneity of light intensity in each image of the scene.