1. A method for determining the alignment of a motor vehicle wheel, comprising the steps of: attaching a three-dimensional target on the vehicle wheel, wherein the three-dimensional target comprises a first planar target on a first substrate and a second planar target on a second substrate, the first and second substrates being spaced apart from each other, each of the first and second planar targets having thereon a plurality of target elements having known geometric characteristics and being configured in 3D space in accordance with known three-dimensional relationships with each other; detecting, from a 2D image of the three-dimensional target acquired by at least one camera, a plurality of target element images corresponding to the plurality of target elements; and determining the alignment of the wheel based on a spatial orientation of the three-dimensional target determined based on the target element images and the three-dimensional relationships among the target elements.