1. A method for estimating radiation scattered in a two-dimensional detector, comprising: obtaining, using an identical radiation, a direct irradiation measurement of the detector, a first indirect irradiation measurement of the detector by interposing an absorber composed of a two-dimensional array of radiation-absorbing elements at a first distance from the detector, and a second indirect irradiation measurement of the detector by interposing the absorber at a second distance from the detector; deducing a first scattered radiation image and a second scattered radiation image on the detector from the first and second indirect irradiation measurements; calculating a first parameter associated with a span of the radiation scattered in the detector by a comparison of the first scattered radiation image and the second scattered radiation image, and a second parameter associated with an intensity of the radiation scattered in the detector by a comparison of the direct irradiation measurement and one of the indirect irradiation measurements; and when a radiation of an object to be studied has been measured, correcting this radiation by a deconvolution calculation using the parameters.