1. An optical system configured to predict clinical visual performance of an intraocular lens (IOL), the system comprising: a measurement device configured to acquire a plurality of images of a target including objects with different spatial frequencies and obtain modulation transfer function (MTF) and/or phase transfer function (PTF) at different spatial frequencies for different defocus positions of the IOL in a vision range from the acquired plurality of images, the measurement device comprising: a processor configured to execute programmable instructions stored in a non-transitory computer storage medium to calculate at least one of: an area under the MTF (MTFa) for different spatial frequencies for each of the different defocus positions; a cross correlation coefficient (X-cor) for the acquired plurality of images at each of the different defocus positions; a weighted MTF (wMTF) corresponding to the area under the weighted MTF for each of the different spatial frequencies for each of the different defocus positions; or a weighted OTF (wOTF) corresponding to the area under the weighted OTF for each of the different spatial frequencies for each of the different defocus positions; and obtain a correlation with clinical data that predicts the VA at different defocus positions of the intraocular lens (IOL).