1. A computerized system configured to obtain a composite image, the system comprising: a capture device configured to obtain source images, the source images including a first source image and a second source image; and one or more physical processors configured by machine-readable instructions to: identify overlapping portions of the source images, such overlapping portions including a first portion comprised of a first plurality of pixels within the first source image and a second portion comprised of a second plurality of pixels within the second source image; obtain a disparity measure for corresponding locations in the first source image and the second source image based on an evaluation of pixels of the first plurality of pixels and pixels of the second plurality of pixels at the corresponding locations; apply a transformation operation to at least pixels within the overlapping portions of the source images to generate transformed source images, the transformation operation configured to displace pixels of one or both of the first plurality of pixels and/or the second plurality of pixels to reduce the disparity measure and determined based on a discrete refinement; and obtain the composite image by combining the transformed source images.