1. An image decoding apparatus comprising: a processor which obtains information about a color representation from a bitstream, obtains a residue which corresponds to a difference between a current image and a predicted image of the current image, from the bitstream, and reconstructs the current image by using the residue and the predicted image, based on the information about the color representation, wherein the processor is configured to obtain a prediction direction of a chroma component from among a plurality of prediction modes associated with a prediction direction of a luma component, wherein the plurality of prediction modes include a first mode in which the prediction direction of the chroma component is identical to the prediction direction of the luma component and a second mode in which the prediction direction of the chroma component is different from the prediction direction of the luma component, and to obtain the predicted image based on the prediction direction of the luma component and the prediction direction of the chroma component.