1. A non-transitory program storage device, readable by a programmable control device and comprising instructions stored thereon to cause the programmable control device to: obtain a first image and a first one or more additional images; obtain motion information corresponding to each of the first one or more additional images; compensate for motion between the first image and each of the first one or more additional images based, at least in part, on each image's corresponding motion information to generate a second one or more additional images, wherein each of the second one or more additional images has a corresponding image in the first one or more additional images; and register the second one or more additional images with respect to the first image based, at least in part, on a pixel-level analysis of the first image and each of the second one or more additional images to generate an output image.