1. An image processing system, comprising: a light source configured to emit light from one surface side of a transparent member to the transparent member; a camera including an imaging sensor that captures light emitted by the light source and reflected from foreign matter attached to an other surface side of the transparent member, and captures light transmitted through the transparent member from the other surface side; and processing circuitry configured to read and analyze captured image data captured by the camera, wherein the captured image data includes a first image area frame for detecting the foreign matter, and a second image area frame for acquiring information beyond the transparent member, the imaging sensor includes a first area that captures light emitted by the light source and reflected from the foreign matter attached to the other surface side of the transparent member, and that captures light transmitted through the transparent member from the other surface side, and a second area that captures light transmitted through the transparent member from the other surface side, the processing circuitry is configured to apply different rules when reading pixel data of the first image area frame as compared to when reading the second image area frame, and the camera is configured to capture the first image area frame at a first exposure amount and capture the second image area frame at a second exposure amount.