1. A video decoding apparatus for decoding a multi-view video, the apparatus comprising: an entropy decoding unit configured to induce video information required for decoding a current block by entropy-decoding a bitstream; a memory configured to store pictures referred to decode the current block; a prediction unit configured to induce a first disparity vector based on a neighboring block of the current block in the same view by using the video information, to induce a second disparity vector by using the first disparity vector and a reference view depth, to induce a third disparity vector using a difference between the first disparity vector and the second disparity vector, and to induce a prediction sample of the current block by using one of the first disparity vector, the second disparity vector, and the third disparity vector; and a filter unit configured to apply filtering to a current picture which has been reconstructed using the prediction sample of the current block.