1. A method for determining the position of a scattering structure in three-dimensional (3-D) space using information from a two-dimensional (2-D) image, the method comprising acts of: using a characterized sensor array to emit a signal from the sensor array into an object of interest to generate at least one 2-D representation of the object of interest, the 2-D representation comprising a plurality of x and y coordinate pairs and at least one candidate scattering structure, the candidate scattering structure comprising a shape defined by at least one pair of x and y coordinates; and comparing the at least one pair of x and y coordinates of the candidate scattering structure shape with a first coordinate-dependent response function to assign an x, y, and z position of a scattering structure in 3-D space.