1. A method of localization and mapping of a mobile robot comprising: acquiring a relative coordinate in a movement space using an encoder; acquiring an absolute coordinate in the movement space by detecting at least one of intensity and direction of a signal using a plurality of vector field sensors; defining a plurality of virtual cells on a surface of the movement space such that each of the cells has a plurality of nodes having predetermined positions; and updating position information about the plurality of nodes of at least one of the cells based on the relative coordinate acquired through the encoder and the absolute coordinate acquired through the vector field sensors and implementing localization and mapping in the movement space such that position information of a new node among the plurality of nodes is estimated while position information of a previous node among the plurality of nodes is determined.