1. An apparatus for image-based positioning of an object comprising: (A) an image-capturing device; (B) a pattern-generating device comprising a structure having a first pole and a second pole opposite of the first pole, the structure includes a gradient pattern that extends from the first pole to the second pole, wherein said image-capturing device is configured to capture at least one image of said pattern-generating device while said pattern-generating device is located outside of said object and separate from said object; and (C) a processor configured to generate at least one set of pattern data by using said at least one image; and configured to analyze each said set of generated pattern data in order to determine angular coordinates of said object.