1. An X-ray target, characterized in that: said X-ray target is constituted with a structure in which a first cap layer, a target layer composed of a material capable of generating characteristic X-rays, and a second cap layer are successively laminated, and a support block to hold said structure, wherein said first and second cap layers are composed of a material which is lower in electron beam absorptivity than that of which said target layer is composed, said target layer is buried and arranged in the form of a linear or an elliptical matrix in said first and the second cap layer, and each target layer of said matrix is made a microfocus X-ray source corresponding to its size.