1. A method implemented by a computing device comprising at least one processor and memory, the method comprising: propagating, by the computing device, motion data of a motion map from a known image area of a current image frame to one or more missing image areas of the current image frame to produce an extended motion map corresponding to the known image area and the one or more missing image areas of the current image frame; and warping, by the computing device, pixels from at least one neighboring image frame to the one or more missing image areas of the current image frame responsive to the extended motion map; wherein the propagating comprises producing the extended motion map using, for each individual pixel of the one or more missing image areas, a weighted average of a set of motion vectors of a set of pixels of the known image area that comprise neighboring pixels for each individual pixel of the one or more missing image areas.