1. A machine-implemented method of processing source images including a reference image and one or more non-reference images, the method comprising: calculating respective sets of motion vectors establishing correspondences between respective pairs of the source images; warping ones of the source images to a reference coordinate system based on the sets of motion vectors; for each of the non-reference ones of the warped images, computing a respective set of one or more measures of alignment confidence between the non-reference warped image and the reference image in the reference coordinate system; identifying saturated pixels and unsaturated pixels in the warped images; and generating an output image with pixel value contributions from unsaturated pixels in the warped images based on the computed alignment confidence measures.