1. A method for designing an experiment comprising: selecting physical model parameters; selecting candidate physical observations; calculating a sensitivity matrix and transforming the sensitivity matrix into a posterior covariance matrix for the physical model parameters and candidate physical observations; utilizing the sensitivity matrix and the covariance matrix and prior information descriptive of at least some of the physical model parameters to calculate a set of physical observations from the candidate physical observations that best resolve the physical model parameters using a processor; and outputting the calculated set of physical observations.