1. A fluorescence hyperspectral microscopy system featuring structured illumination and parallel recording, comprising: a light projection sub-system comprising: a digital light processing (DLP) module for generating and projecting linear excitation light; a first lens set consisting of at least one lens and configured to condense the linear excitation light into a detection light beam; an optical path allocation element for reflecting the detection light beam in order for the detection light beam to propagate along a first path; and an objective lens provided in the first path and configured to receive the detection light beam, focus the detection light beam onto an object under detection on a two-dimensional moving platform, receive a fluorescence signal reflected from the object under detection when the object under detection is excited by the detection light beam, and transmit the fluorescence signal along the first path to the optical path allocation element such that the fluorescence signal passes through the optical path allocation element; a detection sub-system comprising: a second lens set on which the fluorescence signal passing through the optical path allocation element is incident and which modulates the fluorescence signal to a corresponding collimated light beam and outputs the collimated light beam; a frequency-dividing reflection element for reflecting signals of different frequencies in the collimated light beam at different angles respectively to produce a two-dimensional signal; a two-dimensional light detector for receiving the two-dimensional signal; and a light collection element provided between the frequency-dividing reflection element and the two-dimensional light detector and configured to condense the two-dimensional signal onto the two-dimensional light detector; and an electrical controller electrically connected to and configured to control the DLP module, the two-dimensional moving platform, and the two-dimensional light detector, the electrical controller also being configured to perform a control procedure.