1. A method of playing pool type games with a set of playing balls including a cue ball and at least one object ball, at least one of the cue ball and the at least one object ball is configured as a training ball, the training ball including a solid sphere including a diameter substantially equal to a diameter of at least one of a cue ball and an object ball, a spherical exterior surface, and an array including a plurality of visually coded bounded shapes disposed on the spherical exterior surface, each visually coded bounded shape including a characteristic visual coding and located adjacent another visually coded bounded shape, the array including a diametrically opposed corresponding visually coded bounded shape having substantially identical characteristic visual coding for each visually coded bounded shape, and wherein the array covers substantially all of the spherical exterior surface, and the characteristic visual coding of each visually coded bounded shape is easily visually discernible from adjacent visually coded bounded shapes, comprising: providing a training ball comprising a solid sphere including a diameter substantially equal to a diameter of a cue ball or an object ball, and a spherical exterior surface, and an array including a plurality of visually coded bounded shapes disposed on the spherical exterior surface, each visually coded bounding shape including a characteristic visual coding and located adjacent another visually coded bounded shape, the array including a diametrically opposed corresponding visually coded bounded shape having substantially identical characteristic visual coding for each visually coded bounded shape, wherein the array covers substantially all of the spherical exterior surface, and the visually coded bounded shapes are of a geometric shape where each visually coded bounded shape has at least five sides; hypothesizing a straight line passing through the center of the training ball by observing one side of the training ball and also the other side of the training ball and identifying opposed generally identical visually coded bounded shapes disposed on the training ball; visualizing a proposed point of contact with at least one of the cue ball and the object balls placed on the generally horizontal playing surface; visualizing the point of impact of the training ball with another playing ball based on using the hypothesized straight line; and striking the training ball placed on the generally horizontal playing surface with a cue stick according to the visualized point of impact.