1. A method for determining at least one optical property of an imaging optical system designed to image an object disposed in an object plane of the optical system into an assigned image plane, comprising: disposing at least one test structure in the object plane of the optical system, disposing an image recording device in at least two different relative positions relative to the image plane of the optical system, wherein, in each of the at least two relative positions the image recording device is offset in relation to the image plane to such an extent that an image of the pupil of the optical system is produced respectively on the image recording device by the optical system by means of the test structure, and recording an image produced on the image recording device by the optical system by means of the test structure in each of the at least two relative positions by means of the image recording device.