1. A vector quantization apparatus for performing coding of a linear predictive coding coefficient used for linear predictive coding synthesis by multi-stage vector quantization, the apparatus comprising: a first codebook that stores a plurality of first code vectors; a second codebook that stores a plurality of second code vectors; a storing section that stores a plurality of scalars; a first quantizing section that extracts a first code vector stored in the first codebook and performs first stage quantization for quantizing a target vector using the first code vector; a second quantizing section that extracts a second code vector stored in the second codebook, calculates a third code vector by multiplying the second code vector and one of the scalars stored in the storing section, performs distance calculation using the target vector, the first code vector and the third code vector, and performs second stage quantization for quantizing the target vector using a result of the distance calculation, wherein each scalar stored in the storing section is associated with at least one of the first code vectors stored in the first codebook.