1. A computer system comprising: at least a processor; an output system controllable by the at least a processor for providing output information; and a memory in communications with the at least a processor, the memory comprising program code executable by the at least a processor for causing the at least a processor to perform the following steps: inputting into the memory a geometric object; computing a G-integral of the geometric object, where G is a topological invariant numerical function; and outputting to the output device a result corresponding to the computed G-integral to characterize at least a topological or geometrical characteristic of the geometric object.