1. An emitter tracking system, comprising: a signal detection module including imaging optics, an optical filter, and a first detector, such that the signal detection module is configured to detect an emitter signal generated by an emitter, the emitter signal including a plurality of flashes; an imaging module including a second detector and one or more optical elements, such that the imaging module is configured to capture images of the emitter upon receiving an activation signal; and a processor configured to receive the emitter signal from the signal detection module, analyze the emitter signal, and transmit the activation signal to the imaging module only if the emitter signal includes a predetermined pattern of flashes, the predetermined pattern being defined by “on” and “off” states of the emitter as a function of time; wherein the predetermined pattern of flashes is coded by changing the “on” and “off” pattern over time to prevent unauthorized tracking, and wherein the processor is configured to synchronize the imaging module with the emitter signal, such that the imaging module captures images at times when the emitter is known to be in an “on” state.