1. A processor-implemented image processing method, comprising: receiving, at the processor, a plurality of prominence bitmasks, wherein each prominence bitmask indicates an amount of color prominence of a respective color in a color image stored in a memory and the prominence bitmasks include pixels corresponding to an artifact common to each of the plurality of prominence bitmasks; receiving, at the processor, a plurality of metric values for each of the prominence bitmasks; determining, by the processor, a plurality of topological configurations of the plurality of prominence bitmasks, wherein the topological configurations comprise an overlap of the plurality of prominence bitmasks; and identifying, by the processor, the common artifact as a artifact type classified by color, wherein the identification is based at least in part on one or more of the plurality of metric values and at least one of the plurality of topological configurations.