1. A method for distinguishing a value document, comprising the following steps: step (1) acquiring an original infrared image, type, denomination and orientation data of a current value document; step (2) Obtaining size data and infrared characteristic data of a standard value document corresponding to the current value document from a storage module according to the type, denomination and orientation data of the current value document; step (3) performing calibration process on the original infrared image using image projection transformation technology according to the size data of the standard value document to form a second infrared image, the size of the second infrared image being matched with the size of the standard value document; step (4) obtaining infrared characteristic data of the current value document from the second infrared image, and comparing the obtained infrared characteristic data of the current value document with the infrared characteristic data of the corresponding standard value document, to distinguish whether the current value document is fake, and step (5), outputting a distinguishing result; wherein step (1) comprises the following steps: step (1a), capturing the original infrared image of the current value document; step (1b), obtaining the type, denomination and orientation data of the current value document by way of comprising the original infrared image of the current value document with data stored in the storage module for identification or by way of inputting from an interactive interface.