1. A method of decoding moving pictures by adaptively applying a plurality of quantization weight matrices, that are not related by a scalar, to a respective macroblock of an input image, the method comprising: receiving an encoded stream of the input image, the encoded stream comprising at least one macroblock; for each macroblock that is an intra-block, the respective intra-block comprises information that specifies a plurality of quantization weight matrices for intra-blocks corresponding to the respective intra-block, wherein the specified quantization weight matrices for intra-blocks correspond to which of non-zero spatial characteristics were detected regarding the respective intra-block; for each macroblock that is an inter-block, the respective inter-block comprises information that specifies a plurality of quantization weight matrices for inter-blocks corresponding to the respective inter-block, wherein the specified quantization weight matrices for inter-blocks correspond to which of non-zero spatial characteristics were detected regarding the respective inter-block; performing a variable length decoding on the encoded image data; and inversely quantizing each variable length decoded macroblock by adaptively applying specified respective quantization weight matrices for the respective macroblock, wherein at least two intra-block macroblocks of the input image having different determined spatial characteristics are inverse quantized using different intra-block quantization weight matrices, and at least two inter-block macroblocks of the input image having different determined spatial characteristics are inverse quantized using different inter-block quantization weight matrices.