1. A method of constructing a computed tomogram of the internal structure of an object analyzed by X-rays comprising, emitting toward an object being analyzed in a common direction relative to an imaginary reference direction and in a common tomographic plane a plurality of substantially parallel X-ray beams equally spaced from each other laterally, detecting and measuring the density of the individual X-ray beams at separate corresponding spaced points downstream of the object after traversing of the X-ray beams through said object and developing in dependence upon the measured density of said plurality of X-ray beams signals representative of and corresponding to the density of the individual X-ray beams measured, subsequently emitting toward said object from a different common direction relative to said reference direction in said common tomographic plane a second plurality of substantially parallel X-ray beams laterally equally spaced from each other and intersecting at individual regions in said object paths traversed by the first-mentioned plurality of X-ray beams, the areas of intersection having a matrix pattern, detecting and measuring the X-ray beam density of said second plurality individually at separate corresponding spaced points downstream of the object after the traversing of said beams through said object, developing signals in dependence upon the measured density of said individual second plurality of X-ray beams, calculating the absorption coefficient of each of the individual areas of the tomographic plane where the X-ray beam paths intersect with reference to said measured beam densities, each beam being no wider than the corresponding individual area of path intersections and for which the absorption coefficients are calculated, developing signals corresponding to calculated absorption coefficients, constructing with said signals a tomogram depicting an image of the internal structure of the object scanned and analyzed by said X-ray beams.