1. A static multimode multiplex spectrometer, comprising: a two-dimensional orthogonal column code mask, wherein source radiation is incident on the mask, wherein the transmissive and opaque elements of the mask are arranged according to a transfer function represented mathematically as a coding matrix, and wherein each column of the coding matrix is independent under an inner product transformation; a dispersive element aligned with the coded mask, wherein source radiation transmitted through the mask is incident on the dispersive element such that the dispersive element induces a wavelength dependent spatial shift of the image of the mask; a two-dimensional detector array aligned with the dispersive element, wherein source radiation from the dispersive element is incident on the array, wherein the array comprises row and column detector elements, and wherein the detector elements convert the wavelength dependent spatial shift image of the mask into a light intensity values; and a processing unit, wherein the processing unit stores the values in a data matrix and performs a transformation of the data matrix using the coding matrix to produce a spectrum matrix that is a mathematical representation of a spectral density of the source radiation.