1. Process of compression of a data set formed from successive measurements of a signal representative of a traffic load at a determined place in a telecommunication network over a first predetermined period, the set of said measurements being called a measured profile, comprising the steps of creating a library of profile models, each profile model comprising n values called reference values comparing said measured profile with each profile model to determine a distance between said measured profile and each profile model, comparing said distance to a first threshold, and replacing said measured profile with a pair of values, the first value containing a reference to a profile model for which the distance between this profile model and the measured profile is less than said threshold and the second value being representative of the ratio of the amplitudes of the measured profile to the amplitudes of said profile model.