1. A Bayer color filter array based high dynamic range video recording method, comprising: configuring different photosensitive times for exposure according to odd-numbered dual columns and even-numbered dual columns, wherein the odd-numbered dual columns are columns with column indices divisible by 4 or having a remainder of 1 when divided by 4, and the even-numbered dual columns are columns with column indices having a remainder of 2 or 3 when divided by 4; obtaining an image frame with different exposure values for the odd-numbered dual columns and the even-numbered dual columns; decomposing the image frame into an underexposure image frame and an overexposure image frame, wherein underexposure dual columns and missing dual columns are alternatingly distributed in the underexposure image frame, and overexposure dual columns and missing dual columns are alternatingly distributed in the overexposure image frame; with respect to the underexposure image frame, based on pixel values of pixel points in the underexposure dual columns, respectively acquiring on red, green, and blue channels recovered pixel values of pixel points of the missing dual columns in the underexposure image frame as the pixel values of the corresponding pixel points; with respect to the overexposure image frame, based on pixel values of pixel points in the overexposure dual columns, respectively acquiring on the red, green, and blue channels recovered pixel values of pixel points of the missing dual columns in the overexposure image frame as the pixel values of the corresponding pixel points; and according to the pixel values of the pixel points on the red, green, and blue channels in the underexposure image frame and the overexposure image frame, merging the overexposure image frame and the underexposure image frame to obtain a high dynamic range image frame.