1. A data retrieval device realized by a computer, the computer comprising: a memory that stores a first skip correspondence table that corresponds to each piece of data in a retrieval target data series, and, for each possible similarity range which is taken by a similarity between corresponding data and retrieval data, records skip destination data information for specifying the data which appears first after the corresponding data among pieces of data in which similarities with the retrieval data have the possibility to have a predetermined relationship in comparison with a predetermined threshold; and a control unit which in response to an input of retrieval data and when a similarity with the retrieval data is smaller than or equal to the threshold from among the retrieval target data series, calculates a similarity between a certain data from among the retrieval target data series and the retrieval data, selects data in the retrieval target data series which is calculated following the certain data, based on the similarity and the first skip correspondence table corresponding to the certain data, and outputs the selected data, wherein when a similarity range including the similarity between the piece of data and the retrieved data is present in the first skip correspondence table, the control unit determines data indicated by skip destination data information, which is recorded corresponding to the similarity range present in the first skip correspondence table, to be data in the retrieval target data series for which a similarity with the retrieval data is calculated next.