1. An apparatus for recognizing content using an audio signal, comprising: at least one computer processor for executing commands that direct operations of the apparatus, and a memory operatively coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions operable when executed with the at least one processor; a query fingerprint extraction unit for forming frames having a preset frame length for an input audio signal, and generating frame-based feature vectors for respective frames, thus extracting a query fingerprint for the input audio signal; a reference fingerprint database (DB) for storing reference fingerprints to be compared with the query fingerprint and pieces of content information corresponding to the reference fingerprints; and a fingerprint matching unit for determining a reference fingerprint matching the query fingerprint, wherein the query fingerprint extraction unit forms the frames while varying a frame shift size that is an interval between start points of neighboring frames in a partial section such that the frame shift size of the frames in the partial section is shorter than a preset frame shift size of the other frames, wherein the query fingerprint extraction unit generates frame-based feature vectors for frames corresponding to start position and end position of the partial section and generates the frame-based feature vectors of the other frames included in the partial section by using linear interpolation based on the generated frame-based feature vectors for frames corresponding to start position and end position of the partial section, or wherein the query fingerprint extraction unit generates frame-based feature vectors in a form of binary numbers for frames corresponding to start position and end position of the partial section and generates the frame-based feature vectors of the other frames included in the partial section by comparing individual bits of the frame-based feature vectors corresponding to start position and end position of the partial section and by arranging possible binary numbers in different bits, and wherein the frame corresponding to the start position of the partial section is a frame having the start position as a last position of the frame, and the frame corresponding to the end position of the partial section is a frame having the end position as a first position of the frame.