1. A method comprising: encoding a sequence of images with an encoding device, delivering a signal having a layered organization comprising for at least one image of said sequence at least one enhancement layer and at least one preceding layer, the enhancement layer corresponding to a level of maximum spatial resolution of said at least one image of said sequence, the preceding layer corresponding to a level of spatial resolution of said at least one image lower than the level of spatial resolution of said enhancement layer, wherein said enhancement layer is encoded by prediction at least from said at least one preceding layer, wherein during encoding of said at least one image into said signal, the encoding device implements, for said at least one image, a step of building a hierarchical epitome (EPH) representing said at least one image at the level of maximum spatial resolution, wherein said hierarchical epitome (EPH) is associated with the enhancement layer, and wherein said step of building implements at least one iteration of the following steps: at least one sub-sampling of a first epitome (EP i ) at a level of higher spatial resolution, where for the first iteration, the level of higher spatial resolution is the level of maximum spatial resolution, so as to obtain a second epitome (EP i-1 ) at a level of lower spatial resolution of said at least one image; verification of an encoding criterion: if said encoding criterion is not attained: refining of said second epitome (EP i-1 ) at the level of lower spatial resolution, delivering a refined epitome (EPR i-1 ) at the level of lower spatial resolution; at least one over-sampling of said refined epitome (EPR i-1 ) at the level of lower spatial resolution, delivering a new epitome (ER i ) at the level of higher spatial resolution; refining said new epitome (ER i ) at the level of higher spatial resolution; if said encoding criterion is attained: obtaining said hierarchical epitome (EPH), corresponding to said new epitome (ER i ) at the level of maximum spatial resolution obtained after refinement, if any in a prior iteration, or corresponding to said first epitome (EPi) at the level of maximum spatial resolution in case of no refinement, and stopping of the iterations; a step of the encoding device predicting said at least one image from said hierarchical epitome (EPH).