1. A method for segmenting an anatomical structure within medical image data, comprising: acquiring medical image data; transforming the medical image data from an original image space into a projective dual image space; identifying a boundary of an anatomical structure within the transformed medical image data based on a set of preexisting training data; performing an inverse transform on the transformed medical image data and the identified boundary to convert the transformed medical image data and the identified boundary into the original image space; and using the inverse transformed identified boundary of the anatomical structure to segment the anatomical structure within the acquired medical image data.