1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: obtaining random information; providing the random information to a client computer system; receiving, from the client computer system, an acoustic fingerprint; obtaining an encoding of an audio signal; segmenting the encoding of the audio signal to obtain an ordered set of audio segments, the ordered set of audio segments comprising an audio segment with a size determined based at least in part on a first portion of the random information; permuting, based at least in part on a second portion of the random information, the ordered set of audio segments to obtain a permuted set of audio segments; generating, based at least in part on the permuted set of audio segments, a reference acoustic fingerprint; verifying that the random information was used to generate the received acoustic fingerprint by at least determining that the generated reference acoustic fingerprint matches the received acoustic fingerprint; and providing, to the client computer system, authorization to access a service based on the verifying that the random information was used to generate the received acoustic fingerprint.