1. A method for quantitative modulated fluorescence imaging in the spatial frequency domain to perform depth sectioned fluorescence and reflectance imaging in a turbid medium comprising: exposing the turbid medium to a periodic pattern of illumination characterized by a spatial frequency with at least three spatially phase shifted periodic patterns of illumination; receiving the data image from the turbid medium; selecting a region of interest of the turbid medium; transforming the data image of the selected region of interest of the turbid medium; spatially filtering the transformed data image of the selected region of interest of the turbid medium; and reconstructing the spatially filtered transformed data image of the selected region of interest of the turbid medium; where exposing the turbid medium to a periodic pattern of illumination includes encoding the periodic pattern of illumination with at least three spatially phase shifted periodic patterns of illumination with a fluorescent excitation wavelength when exposing the turbid medium to the periodic pattern to provide depth-resolved discrimination of fluorescent structures within the turbid medium; where reconstructing the filtered transformed data image includes reconstructing a non-contact three dimensional image of spatially AC modulated remitted fluorescence within the turbid medium from the at least three spatially phase shifted periodic patterns of illumination.