1. A pattern recognition system comprising: a preprocessing unit receiving a given pattern for converting the given pattern into a two-dimensional bit pattern; a first cell block having a plurality of layers each of which is composed of a plurality of nonlinear oscillators arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, the nonlinear oscillators in each of the layers being coupled to the preprocessing unit so as to be excited by a corresponding bit of the bit pattern, the nonlinear oscillators in each of the layers being coupled to adjacent nonlinear oscillators in the same layer so as to mutually emphasize the oscillation in a predetermined direction different from those predetermined for the other layers, so that in each of the layers, there are selectively excited the nonlinear oscillators arranged to correspond to a continuous line segment formed in the two-dimensional bit pattern and aligned in a direction coincident with the excitation emphasizing direction of that layer; a second cell block having a plurality of layers each of which is composed of a plurality of nonlinear oscillators arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, each of the nonlinear oscillators in each of the layers of said second cell block being coupled to at least one of the plurality of nonlinear oscillators of said first cell block, the nonlinear oscillators in each of the layers being coupled to adjacent nonlinear oscillators in the same layer so as to mutually emphasize the oscillation only in a predetermined orientation different from those predetermined for the other layers, so that in each of the layers, there are selectively excited the nonlinear oscillators corresponding to an end of a continuous line segment formed in the two-dimensional bit pattern and aligned in a direction coincident with the direction of that layer; and a memory composed of a plurality of nonlinear oscillators coupled to the first and second cell blocks and selectively excited by the exciting nonlinear oscillators of the first and second cell blocks, whereby the nonlinear oscillators of the memory corresponding to an exciting pattern of the exciting nonlinear oscillators of the first and second cell blocks oscillate at a frequency inherent to the given pattern.