1. A small object identifying method for analyzing target substances or materials comprising: a dispersion step comprising dispersing a large quantity of several kinds of small objects having said target substances or materials labeled by a combination of the presence/absence or measure of label elements of several kinds so as to identify each said target substance or material; a measuring step comprising distributing and associating kinds of said label elements to two or more measurement points, and measuring the presence/absence or the measure of said label elements of the kinds which have been associated with respective measurement points, for the dispersed said small objects, at respective measurement points having a relative temporal relationship between measurement points; and an identifying step comprising associating the measurement results measured at each measurement point, based on said temporal relationship and a positional relationship between said measurement points, to thereby identify said small objects, wherein said dispersion step comprises an introducing step which disperses a large quantity of said several kinds of small objects by introducing a liquid for suspending the large quantity of said several kinds of small objects to inside a predetermined dispersion region section, and wherein in said measuring step, a velocity along a predetermined movement direction is imparted to said small objects or to two or more measurement points arranged along said movement direction and from which measurements are taken to thereby measure by having a time difference between each other at two or more measurement points, so that the presence/absence or the measure of label elements can be measured, wherein in said identifying step, the measurement results measured at each measurement point are associated based on said temporal relationship, said positional relationship and said velocity along the predetermined movement direction imparted to said small objects or two or more measurement points arranged to identify the small objects.