1. An adaptive visual performance testing system, comprising: a memory storing a plurality of visual recognition tests and outcome probability associated with each visual recognition test; a display operable to display an image for each of the visual recognition tests to a subject; an input device operable to receive a response to each of the visual recognition tests from the subject; and a processor operable to execute instructions stored in the memory to perform the following steps: (a) displaying one of the visual recognition tests to a subject; (b) receiving from the subject a response to the visual recognition test; (c) after receiving the response to the visual recognition test, selecting a subsequent visual recognition test having selected outcome probability information determined based on the response from the subject; (d) displaying the subsequent visual recognition test; (e) receiving from the subject a response to the subsequent visual recognition test; (f) repeating steps (c)-(e) until a stopping criterion is achieved; and (g) outputting a visual performance score determined based on the set of responses received from the subject and the outcome probability information for the visual recognition tests displayed to the subject.