1. A data retrieval device, comprising: a first skip correspondence table that corresponds to each piece of data in a retrieval target data series, and, for each possible similarity range which is taken by a similarity between corresponding data and retrieval data, records skip destination data information for specifying the data which appears first after the corresponding data among pieces of data in which similarities with the retrieval data have the possibility to have a predetermined relationship in comparison with a predetermined threshold; and a control unit that, when retrieving data in which a similarity with the retrieval data is smaller than or equal to the threshold from among the retrieval target data series, selects data in the retrieval target data series for which calculation of a similarity with the retrieval data is necessary, using the first skip correspondence table.