1. A method for computing apparatus to create a page with a plurality of information items laid out upon it, the method comprising: receiving the plurality of information items and a definition of one or more groups of information items to be formed on the page; receiving a candidate layout of the information items on the page; determining perceptual distances between information items in the candidate layout, each of the perceptual distances representing both physical distance and graphical variation between any two relevant information items, each of the perceptual distances determined according to a length of a geodesic line between a first point and a second point in an at least two-dimensional space having at least one physical dimension and at least one colour dimension; determining from the perceptual distances whether the candidate layout satisfies predetermined criteria such that the candidate layout is perceived as visually representing the one or more groups; and modifying or regenerating the candidate layout if it is not perceived as visually representing the one or more groups until it does so.