1. An image examination apparatus, comprising: a read image acquisition unit configured to acquire a read image that is generated by reading an image formed on a recording medium; an examination image generation unit configured to generate an examination image for examining the read image on the basis of information on the image that is to be formed and output; a reference point extraction unit configured to extract, from the generated examination image, multiple reference points that are used as references for alignment between the examination image and the read image; a misalignment information calculation unit configured to calculate information on misalignment between positions of the reference points extracted from the examination image and positions corresponding respectively to the reference points in the read image; a reference point excluding unit configured to exclude a reference point to be excluded from the multiple reference points, on the basis of the calculated information on misalignment; an alignment unit configured to perform alignment between the examination image and the read image on the basis of the reference points other than the excluded reference point; and an image examination unit configured to perform examination for determining whether there is a defect in the read image on the basis of a difference, used for the alignment, between the read image and the examination image.