1. A material identification and imaging method using binocular steroscopic and multi-energy transmission images comprise the following steps: 1) causing two angled X-ray beams to penetrate through objects under examination so as to obtain data of left and right transmission images, segmenting said left and right transmission images and matching the results of said segmentation; 2) creating a depth plane along the depth direction of the transmission images; 3) repeating the above process on transmission images of variation energy to obtain a depth plane of each depth plane for the variation energy; 4) merging the depth planes for different energy levels at the same position to obtain a depth plane for each depth plane and energy of a predetermined group of energy levels; 5) identifying the material of the objects for each of which a grey reconstruction in said depth plane succeeds.