1. A computer-implemented image analysis method, comprising: reading a reference image of a printed circuit board (PCB) from a design of the PCB, and reading a real-time image of the PCB captured by a camera; determining feature points and feature information of the feature points in the reference image using a mathematical algorithm; determining feature point pairs of the reference image and the real-time image based on the feature information of the feature points, wherein a feature point pair consists of a feature point in the reference image and a corresponding feature point in the real-time image; creating two 1×N matrices based on the feature point pairs, and determining a mapping matrix based on the two 1×N matrices; reading coordinates of base points designated in the reference image; determining matching points in the real-time image based on the coordinates of the base points and the mapping matrix; determining a reference region in the reference image based on all the base points, and determining a matching region in the real-time image based on all the matching points; and comparing the reference region with the matching region to determine surface feature defects of the PCB.