1. A system for capturing spatially-varying layered facial reflectance parameters from a small number of photographs of a subject taken under different illumination conditions, the system comprising: a plurality of light sources having light output intensities that are controllable so as to generate one or more illumination patterns that illuminate a face; one or more polarized cameras configured to receive light that is reflected from the illuminated face and to generate from the reflected light photographic data of the face; and a processing system configured to receive the data from the one or more cameras and to calculate facial reflectance based on a layered facial reflectance model that separately models specular reflection and single scattering and/or that separately models shallow subsurface scattering and deep subsurface scattering.