1. A materials handling vehicle comprising a camera, one or more vehicular processors, a drive mechanism configured to move the materials handling vehicle along an inventory transit surface, a materials handling mechanism configured to store and retrieve goods in a storage bay of an industrial facility, and vehicle control architecture in communication with the drive and materials handling mechanisms, wherein: the camera is communicatively coupled to the vehicular processor(s) and captures an input image of overhead features; an industrial facility map comprises a plurality of three-dimensional global feature points associated with a mapping of the overhead features; and the vehicular processor(s) of the materials handling vehicle executes vehicle functions to: (i) determine a localized position of the materials handling vehicle with respect to an inventory transit surface of the industrial facility based on a seed position of the materials handling vehicle in the industrial facility and a dead reckoning associated with the materials handling vehicle; (ii) use an initial set of camera data from the camera comprising two-dimensional UV space information to provide corrective feedback for the localized position; (iii) use the localized position to track navigation of the materials handling vehicle along the inventory transit surface, navigate the materials handling vehicle along the inventory transit surface in at least a partially automated manner, or both; (iv) determine if the materials handling vehicle is lost based on whether the industrial facility seed position comprises incorrect data, whether the camera data is insufficient to correct for an error associated with the dead reckoning, or both; (v) if lost, create a plurality of associated feature pairs by retrieving a subsequent set of camera data from the camera comprising two-dimensional UV space information, forming pairs from the UV space information, and associating pairs from the UV space information with pairs from the plurality of three-dimensional global feature points of the industrial facility map; (vi) calculate respective vehicle poses for associated feature pairs within a visual range of the camera; (vii) calculate a best estimate pose of the materials handling vehicle from the calculated vehicle poses based on a highest-rated pair of the plurality of associated feature pairs; (viii) use accumulated odometry to update the best estimate pose to a current localized position; (ix) update the seed position as the current localized position; and (x) operate the materials handling vehicle utilizing the updated seed position.