1. A method, comprising: imaging an object using a tomographic imaging device to produce a reconstructed image; mapping optical absorption properties and scattering properties of the object to the reconstructed image, resulting in mapped optical properties; detecting internally derived bioluminescent signals emitted from the object using a bioluminescent imaging device, wherein the internally derived bioluminescent signals are not reliant on external energy excitation; and reconstructing a bioluminescent source distribution of the object from the internally derived bioluminescent signals based at least on the mapped optical properties, wherein the reconstructing step comprises generating an imaging matrix of coefficients dependent on the mapped optical properties and an anatomical structure of the object by solving a radiative transfer equation or an approximation to the radiative transfer equation via at least one of a finite-element method, a mesh-free method, or a Monte Carlo simulation.