1. An image quality evaluation device for evaluating the quality of an image digitally compressed by a prescribed method and obtained by shooting a photographic subject including a periodic pattern that fluctuates periodically in one direction, wherein the image quality evaluation device includes: a Fourier transform unit that accomplishes a two-dimensional Fourier transform on the image to obtain two-dimensional spatial frequency spectrum components; and an analysis unit that, among the two-dimensional spatial frequency spectrum components obtained by the Fourier transform unit, analyzes the resolution of the image on the basis of spectrum components of spatial frequencies included in the periodic pattern, and analyzes the deterioration of the image on the basis of spectrum components other than these, wherein the analysis unit determines whether or not the image has deteriorated through the digital compression process according to a position where a peak of the spectrum components of the spatial frequencies corresponding to blocks that are compression units of the digital compression.