1. A machine-implemented image processing method, comprising: computing a respective motion map for each pairing of a reference image and a respective image neighboring the reference image in a sequence of base images, each motion map comprising a set of motion vectors mapping reference image pixels to respective neighboring image pixels; assigning respective regions of a target image to motion classes based on the computed motion maps, the target image having a target resolution level and the base images having a base resolution level equal to or lower than the target resolution level; and computing pixel values for the target image based on corresponding pixel value contributions from the base images selected in accordance with the motion classes assigned to the target image regions.