1. An apparatus for acquiring and projecting a broadband image, the apparatus comprising: a probe unit provided, on a probe housing of the probe unit, with a white light source unit configured to emit white light for acquiring a visible light image to a subject, a fluorescence excitation light source unit configured to emit fluorescence excitation light for acquiring an invisible light fluorescence image, an image acquisition unit configured to receive an invisible light fluorescence image signal for the subject, and an image projection unit configured to project an image onto the subject; and an image processing unit configured to process an image received from the image acquisition unit, wherein the image acquisition unit, the image projection unit, and the white light source unit are arrayed in a central region corresponding to a set first radius from a center of the probe housing of the probe unit, and the fluorescence excitation light source unit is arranged in a surrounding region between the central region and an edge of the probe housing that is positioned in a direction in which a radius increases from the central region.