1. High-resolution imaging system comprising, along a propagation direction of a useful radiation inside the imaging system: a lens which is suitable for forming an intermediate image of a scene inside an intermediate focusing plane; an image filter, comprising an opaque, planar mask, provided with openings which are situated in the intermediate focusing plane; a planar matrix of microlenses which are identical and juxtaposed in at least two alignment directions, said matrix of microlenses being arranged parallel to and at a distance from the intermediate focusing plane; an optical conjugation system, which is arranged in order to form an image of the matrix of microlenses in an image capture plane; and an image detection matrix, comprising a set of photosensitive elements arranged in the image capture plane; the lens, the image filter mask, the microlenses, the photosensitive elements and the optical conjugation system being effective for the useful radiation, each microlens and each photosensitive element being conjugated one by one by the optical conjugation system, the openings of the image filter mask being moreover arranged facing the microlenses with a one-to-one relationship between each opening and each microlens, one dimension of each opening of the image filter mask, measured parallel to each alignment direction, being less than or equal to a sampling pitch of the intermediate image, said sampling pitch being itself equal to a repetition pitch of said openings in said alignment direction, but divided by a sub-sampling factor which is a positive integer of 5 or less and greater than unity, the imaging system also comprising: an image moving device which is suitable for translating the intermediate image within the intermediate focusing plane, using a translation pitch which is equal to or a multiple of the sampling pitch of said intermediate image parallel to each alignment direction.