1. A camera array, comprising: a plurality of cameras configured to capture images of a scene, where each camera is formed on a separate semiconductor substrate and comprises: optics comprising at least one lens element and at least one aperture where the optics are configured so that each camera has a field of view that captures a sub-pixel shifted view of the same scene; and a sensor comprising a two dimensional array of pixels and control circuitry for controlling imaging parameters; and at least one spectral filter located within the camera, where each spectral filter is configured to pass a specific spectral band of light; a controller configured to control operation parameters of the plurality of cameras; and an image processing pipeline module; wherein the plurality of cameras comprises a plurality of different types of camera, where cameras of a given type share the same imaging characteristics and different types of cameras have different imaging characteristics including using different types of filters; and wherein the plurality of cameras includes a central camera and the plurality of cameras forms: at least one row of cameras above the central camera; at least one row of cameras below the central camera; at least one column of cameras to the left of the central camera; and at least one column of cameras to the right of the central camera; wherein cameras having the same imaging characteristics and filter are located in locations selected from the group consisting of: locations including at least one row in the camera array above the central camera and at least one row in the camera array below the central camera; and locations including at least one column in the camera array to the left of the central camera and at least one column in the camera array to the right of the central camera.