1. A method of evaluation of the quality of at least one radiographic image of a phantom containing a plurality of cells, at least one of which contains two objects visualizable by radiography, the position in the cell of at least one of the objects being known, and the position in the cell of the other object being random from one cell to another comprising: a. determining the coordinates of each phantom cell on each phantom image containing at least two objects; b. calculating a level of a radiographic reference signal in an area of reference at right angles with the first object whose position in the cell is known; c. for each area of the cell capable of containing the other object: (1) a search area formed by a set of pixels is defined; (2) for each pixel of the search area: d. extracting a signal sample in an area of interest centered on the pixel and of the same size as the reference area; (1) calculating a probability parameter between the sample and the reference signal, the probability function corresponding to a mathematical observer to obtain a parameter characterizing the trend of the representative surface of the set of probability values; e. selecting the area of interest whose surface presents the trend of a peak as area containing the other object; and f. calculating an image quality score from the results of detection for the set of phantom cells.