1. A process for determining the location of a target (C) observed in the field of view of an optical detector (2), wherein: (I) in a preliminary step, a picture (V0) is taken of the field of view of the optical detector (2) and there are determined a model of the background including at least one partial image (9, 10) of the background and a model of the target including a partial image (11) of the target, said partial images (9, 10, 11) being stored as templates, as well as kinematic characteristics of the latter; and (II) throughout the duration of determination of location, the following steps are repeated: (a) a current picture (V1) is taken of the field of view; (b) the movement of the optical detector (2) is calculated in a first main step that includes the following stages: (i) at least one background search window (19), having the same size within every picture and located at the same position on every picture until the position of said at least one background search window on said current picture is changed, is isolated from said current picture (V1); (ii) the isolated background search window (19) is scanned to match the partial image (9) of the background stored as a template and a subarea of the isolated background search window (19); (iii) the movement (D1) on a picture coordinates plane of the optical detector (2) between point in time a preceding picture is taken and point in time of said current picture is taken is calculated from the position of the partial image (9) of the background in said background search window (19); (c) the movement of the target (C) is calculated in a second main step that includes the following stages: (iv) a target search window (26) having the same size within every picture is isolated from the current picture (V1), the location of this target search window depending on the calculated movement of the optical detector and the position of the target in the preceding picture; (v) the isolated target search window (26) is scanned to match the partial image (11) of the target stored as a template and a subarea of the isolated target search window (26); (vi) the movement (D2) of the target (C) on the picture coordinates plane that includes the movement of the optical detector is calculated from the position of the partial image (11) of the target in said target search window (26); (d) said calculated movement (D2) of the target (C) is compared with two values, minimum and maximum, of movement which are determined from the kinematic characteristics of the target (C), in such a way that if the calculated movement (D2) is between said two values the location of the target (C) obtained through this calculated movement (D2) is confirmed, otherwise an estimated location of the target is determined from the kinematic characteristics of the latter; and (f) the models of the background and of the target are updated.