Oriental. New foci of infection have been formd in Goni. aga, C. 'lgay:m Valley in Luzon and Calalrava. Negros Occidental in the Vlsay:is. Drog for treatment is a,·ailablc. Ad,·ocacy for the proper disposal of human feces. control of reservoir animals nnd snail control help in the control and prevention of the infection. CONCLUSION }Cnowledge of U1e life cycle of each par. i:-itc helps dct. em,inc nppropri:itc nursing intervention s to prevent or control iti; tmnsmission. i\lost of the parasite. ~ d C$crll X!d in this chapter are excreta-relat('d and arc m::ii11l1· ahlc to leave the ho. ~1 \;:l the fccc. ~. Therefore. unsanita ry waste disposal is a \'Cry,·mpon:111 1 factor llmt n,ntributcs to the continuous transmis sion of thes pnrnsih~$. Snmc h:t\'P animal rc. ~cn·oir hosts or intcnnedi ate hosts which complic,tle prevention an J control strategics. Uns. 'lnitary garbage/refuse and waste disposal can also cncourngc mechanical transmission of these pathogens through arthropods like flies ;ind cockroaches. community health nurses are challenged to be creative and innovative in dcsii;nin~ and implementing prevention and control intcn·cntions which require pannership and empowe rment processes (Nlaglaya 1999). Example s of these strategi~ to pre,..e. nt or control parasitic infections include: 1. Client-centered nursing interventions to fucilitnte development of healthy lifestyle, motivatin g clients nnd supporting their learning throui;h each stage of the behavioral change process (Refer 10 Appendix E): Emptu1sis rm personal hygiene, sanit:. 1ry food preparation, safe eating anc J drinking habits/pmctice$. use of sanitary toilet facility and lisc of self-protection measures such as wearing of appropriate footwear or sleeping under insecticide treated bed nets especially in endemic areas. 2. Advocac y, partnership and collaboration with the community, the loca J governme nt unit and the partner agencies to ensure the provision of safe water supply (specially from public sources) and npp Topriate facilities for garbage/refu se and waste disposal. Refer to Chnpters 5. 6 and 9 for l;trnt@gil:'. 5 and interventions. 3. Community-ba. sed and family-cen tered empowerment strategies (see Chapter 18) to eliminate breeding and resting sites of mosqni. toes (de las Llagas, 1999). snails, other vectors, intermed iate hosts and mechanica l carriers (e. g., flies, cockroaches, rats) of parasites. 385 