 Direct methods 337 Common Nutritional Problems of Public HC!illth Importance! 340 Protein-Energy Malnutrition (P. E. M. ) 340 Iron Deficiency Anem,a 341 Vit;im,n A 0eflclency Disorders 3a2 Iodine Deficiency Disorders 343 Overweight anrt obesity 344 Summary 344 CHAPTER 14 Appropri ate Technology for the Prevention and Control of Malnutrition in Early Childhood 346 Arac;e/i S. Mt1glaya Nutritional Status of Filipino Children: Con~equences and lrnplicalions 346 Causes or Malnu Lrition Rela Led to Feeding Pr;:icticcs 347 Non-breast-feeding or Early Weaning 347 Absence or or Inadequate Complementary Feedinr, during Extended Periods of Breastfeeding or Dependence on Artificial Feeding 348 Lack of or Inadequate Skill in Managing Dl3rrhea at Home 348 Intervent ions Using Appropr iate Technology 348 Family Competency-Buildlne on Nutritional Status of Children and Options to Enhance Proper Nutrition 348 Regular Complementary Feeding Using Protein Powders 349 Increase Knowledge on the Daily Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes (RENI) for Infants and Toddlers 351 Appropriate Home Management of Dinrrhea 352 Summary 354 CHAPTER 15 Parasitology in Nursing Practice Wi11{freda 0. Ubas-de Leon Introduction 356 Tne Parasites 356 Directly-Transmitted Parasite 357 Enterobius (Oxyuris) vermicularls 357 Soll-Transmitted Parasites 358 Ascaris lumbricoides 3S8 Trichurls trichlura 362 Hookworms 362 Food Transmitted Parasites 369 Taenia solium and Taenia saginata 369 Paragonimus westermani 370 Capillaria i:;hllippinensis 371 Heterophyid Flukes 37] Water-borne Protozoa 372 Entamoeba histolytica 372 Giardla lamblia 373 Oyptosporidium hominis 37"' Cyclospora tayiltensis 377 356 