 the meeling arc effectively 11chicvcd only through group decision-making. the clrnirman can elicit the help of members in <lcaling with certain types of prohl<'m participants. JJ~· rocusing the group's attention on its goals/object ives and nn how the members are 11:;ng to achieve them, the chairman c.,11 encourage pnrticip,rnts lo ucal,vith specific problen, members. Thcs,:, indmlc pcr>f>k, who talk loo much and dumin;. ilc th. : 111ccli11~. members who kl. 'CP b·ringin)?. up th.-!:Came JNint un!r,rnd over ag. iin, thusc who cnnsmanlly whisper to neighbors and those who start la I king be. fore others arc finished. The dwirman can bring gro111> members to look nl the cxpcrit:ncc they arc going thrnugh 11si11i; s11ch II tc C'hniquc m: saying. ··1f our ~0,1I is gm11p dl·<'ision on,_whnt can you say nbout how we are r,,)ing through thc process of nchieving this g~)a)T '"'ith this inlt!rvcntion, the ch. iirmnn can e1u:ou1·age members lo,111aly'l. e their mv,1 parlit'ipation during the meeting. J\,Jcmbcn; increasingl y bccoml! obscrv,111t ;m<l sensiti,·c lo particular bcli. wio rs Lltal d1. :lay or imped!! progre:;s of a meeting. Thl!) e,·cnl11ally lcarn spccifil' skills un how to be "partners" in order to achieve the grot. q>'s goal. without having to spend so much time and energy putting up,,"ith problem members. (c) Helping the group find "in/win solutions. Quite often, meetings are used by group members as hattlegrounds to fight for their ideas in order lo meet their socio-psyt·hologicnl needs for status, prestige, power, and the like. Tl1cy ucspcratcly feel the need to,,rin, no m. iller· how much Lime 11r t:ncrgy the group spends lo put up with unnccessnry debate or argumen L. To handle such ~1 situation. the clrnirman must help the group attain a win/"in solution. This strategy makes everyone feel that he has won. The grnup comes up with a solution that every member con accept,,itbout feeling that he is losi11g,rnythins importan t, or compromi sing any strung convictio n. The chairperson can help group members listen earefu Uy and analyze varying viewpoi nts in order to understnnd their underlying assumptions. Then, she can guide them to look for ways t. o combine or modify these viewpoints in order to arrive ;it acceptable alternntives wi U1 objective and logically sound foundations. She, therefore, encour~1ges the group to always work toward turning objections into positive alternatives. By using the \\;n/win strategy, the chairperson uses the meeting as a venue for helping members learn the ''how~ of parb1ership. Group members ;1 re encouraged to be open-minded enough and unclerstnnd an opposing viewpoint first before evaluating it. They 127 