134 realize they nre wishing for nn ·'old lime'' leader. Anol11er source of resenbnent toward the leader stems from the gradual recognition by eacb memher that he will not be the leader's favorite "group member". He begins to reali1. e thal l Jte leader i. s no more interested in him thon in the olhers. This leads to the emergence of rivalrous. hostile feelings toward the other members. To overcome tbe anxiety that l11c members experience at this stage, counter-dependent expressions (fight) begin to replace the over-dependency stage. The group may be clivide J into competing groups-ench subgroup is unnble to give up power. Vvitbout proper inlen·ention. this may lead to a group that moves rapidly toward e J1.-tinction, where there is splintering. i11lo lwu ur three subgroups. :Moreovt?r_. drop out rate is high at this point as group mc. mbe. i:s Lhnt are not committed to either subgroup attempt to handle and ce Sl)lve their contlicl by leaving the group. With the necess. ti:· interventions employed. lhe group can be helped to resolve the issues on dcpendc. nce (stage one) and authority (stage two). New values and behavioral patterns emerge out of the emotional experiences of stages one and two. The group membe_rs begin to.. 1ccepl Uleir full share of the responsibility for whal happens in the group. The group begins to experience independence as it goes through the last two stages of intimacy and i11terdependeoce.. The Stage of Cohesivene ss Following the previous period of conflict, the group gradually develops into a cohesive unit. During this stage, lhere is an increase of morale and mutual tn. Jst as members feel group belongingness. Consequently. members are \,,1ling lo share more about themselves lo others in Lhe group. There is intensification of personal involvement, a growing awareness and mutual recognition of tbe significance of the group experience in terms of personality growth and change. The chief concern of the group is with intimacy and closenes s.,\n. xieties have to do with not being liked or close enough to people, or with being too inti. male. Although members experience a greater freedom to talk about themselve..5, there may be communication restrictions of some lcind: often lhe group suppresses a Jl expression of negative feelings in order to maintain a harmonious atmo~phcrc. The members, in a sense unite ::tgainst the world. wilh much inter-member support, much pride in the group. and much condemnation of the member's ~enemies" <Jutsidc the ~roup. Eventually. howen!r, the ~rour·s cohesiveness or feelings of unity,.,rill seem ritualistic unless tl1e hostility in the group is permitted to develop. On Jy when all feelings can be expressed and constn1cti-vely worked through in a cohesive group does the group become a mature work group. The Work Group Stage During this !ttage, the uniqueness of the members and the leaders are seen and expected. Members can accept one another"s differences \...-ithout associating ·'goodn and Jbad \\-ith Lhe differences. They become aware of their own involvement, and of the other aspects of group pmccss, without being ovcrv,il1elmcd or Alarmed_ Conflict exists but these are on s11bstantive issues rather than emotional ones. Consensus is reached from a rational di:-<·11s.,ion rather than Crom a compulsi\'C attempt nr 11mrnimity. The group become..'-a feedback \'Chicle where members can clarify and evaluate each other's perceptions ~ind the group process. There emerges a group sy~-cem for mutual support for indh;duality; and, where needed, the. re develops in the group, consistent 