Best portrait lighting guide for stunning photos - Adobe
Use a bounce board. Bounce boards give you the ability to reflect, or “bounce,” light back onto somebody's face. And all you need is a poster or foam ...
portrait
The difference between a <anchor>portrait</anchor> and a headshot reveals the importance of lighting in portrait photography: it’s all in the storytelling approach. “When you’re taking a headshot, you want high-key lighting so you show exactly who the person is, which will inform others’ decisions to do business with them,” says Kenton. “But when you’re taking a portrait, you can use shadows to tell a deeper story — maybe one of mystery.” Portrait photography goes beyond the image of the person; it needs to evoke emotion in the viewer. As photographer Hannah Concannon puts it, you want to “catch your subject being their true self — not their Instagram or headshot self, when they’re acting for somebody else.”
Best portrait photography tips & ideas | Adobe
# Top tips for portrait photography.

Portrait photography is one of the most popular genres of photography – and among the most difficult to master. How do you make that connection with a subject while capturing them in their best light?

In this expert guide to portrait photography, photographer Rosie Matheson reveals her top tips and speaks to other professionals about what factors to bear in mind every step of the way.

Portrait photo of woman with freckles on black background

## What I can teach you:

For me, portrait photography is about capturing one shot which says who a person is. By that I mean their values, experiences, interests – everything. You might think you can’t tell all that from a person’s face, but you can.

Let me show you why honesty is the most important aspect of portrait photography – and how to bring it out in your subjects.

You’re more than halfway to great photo portraiture if you can make a genuine connection with your subject. Anthony Pidgeon, a pro portrait photographer, explains, “So much of a great portrait is about the rapport. That’s not a technical aspect of photography, but I think with portraits it’s really key because you’re collaborating, hopefully. Your subject is going to offer you something and you’re going to honour that and find a way to express it. There’s an element of trust: Do they trust you? Do you trust them to stick with you through the process? Has a rapport been established? Then you can find the best expression of that with lighting and posing and composition.’’ Anna Goellner, who specialises in wedding photography, puts it like this: “You’re trying to tell a story; you’re trying to show who this person is.”

## Connecting with your subject.

After you’ve selected the right person to photograph, your next challenge is to build that off-camera connection with them. My subjects are often complete strangers, but it’s important to break down those barriers to get the most from the shoot.

So how do you go about creating a collaborative moment? Start a conversation, ask questions, find things you have in common. The more you get your subject to relax, the more they will give you in the shoot. Shawn Ingersoll, a designer and photographer, suggests that when scheduling a shoot, you should allow at least an hour. He explains, “It’ll be maybe the first 30 minutes before you’ve really got to know each other.”

Pidgeon notes that every session will be different, so you’ll need to stay alert to your subject — some will be more available than others. “I think it depends on the person — where they’re at, what’s going on, whether they want to be there. A lot of times, they don’t,” he says. “A lot of times, they’ve had five things lined up before you and they’ve got another five after you and they’re just watching the clock. Some people are ‘Yeah, let’s do something cool.’ And some people are ‘Let’s get this over with.’ Some people are really shy. Getting a feel for their level of engagement directs a lot of it.”

Photographer shooting a portrait of a fashion model

Portrait image of a young man in a red hoodie.

When you have a sense of the person you’re working with, then turn your attention to the room. Pidgeon suggests asking yourself, “Are there natural light sources? Is it a situation where I’m going to use harsh lighting, soft lighting, direct, indirect? What's going to tell this story?”

Having a greater sense of the person you’re working with can help you work out how you’re going to tell their story. For example, you might discover the significance of a piece of jewellery your subject is wearing - so you could bring this out by asking them to pose in a way that emphasises a ring, necklace or bracelet. Or you might find that their story centres on a specific setting, such as a bus stop or a skate park.

It’s easy to feel rushed when you’re taking someone’s picture, but one of the keys to taking a good portrait is allowing the time to connect and consider. Naba Zabih, a wedding and engagement photographer, says that even in the flurry of a big event, it’s important to take time to compose an image that you’ll be proud of. She continues, “Especially when everything’s digital and super fast-paced, just stop and compose and think about the shot before you actually take it.” Keep in mind that with a portrait photo, you’ve got an extra variable to consider: “People are people,” Zabih says, “so they are definitely going to be harder to shoot than something that’s still — they’re going to move. They blink.”

## How to use lighting in portrait photography.

Lighting is everything in determining how an image feels. So many elements of portrait photography rely on intuition over technical control, so it’s useful to be able to identify or arrange great lighting for your portrait session from the start. If you’re shooting in a studio, you’ll get to make a lot of these decisions in advance. Ingersoll suggests, “If you want a dramatic, high-contrast portrait, you’re probably going to be using more direct light, whether that’s sunlight or artificial lights. If you’re looking for a less dramatic photo, more like a professional headshot, that’s going to be more diffused, with multiple light sources. You’ll have a primary one, typically the brightest and it’s gonna light up one side of the subject’s face. Then you’ll want to light up the other side, so you’ll have a secondary stroke — otherwise you’re going to have a very dramatic picture. A third light is optional. Sometimes you use that to light up their hair or the backdrop, if there is one.”

Pidgeon advises, “As people get older, you want to soften up the light a bit, unless you really want to accentuate the texture in someone’s skin. But if someone has acne scars or wrinkles, you wouldn’t typically work with a dramatic light, unless this is really part of who they are. I think part of it is asking, ‘Is this going to be kind to them, show them in their best light? Are they a dynamic person? Have they got an edge to them? Is this appropriate?'” He warns that portrait photographers need to understand how to balance their lights. “A lot of beginners tend to overpower with flash and then you have that mugshot kind of look,” he says. “You’re basically making two exposures at the same time when you’re balancing the main light and the fill light. When you develop an understanding of how that balance works, you can make incremental changes instead of just saying, ‘OK, I’m going to blast it or I’m going to take it away.’”

Man in white beanie hat captured in portrait photograph

If you’re shooting outdoor portrait photography, using mostly natural light, you’ll need a slightly different toolkit. Goellner’s experience with outdoor weddings has taught her that the middle of the day is the worst time to shoot. She explains, “The sun is right overhead and you’ll have shadows under their eyes. I’m looking for even lighting for portraits. If it’s the middle of the day, which so many times during a wedding it is, you always look for trees.”

Every portrait photographer has their own style, but what works for me 99% of the time is natural light – particular the warm, soft, glowy hues you get during golden hour. Sure, you can spend time getting the precise level and strength of light you want in an indoor studio setting, but there’s nothing quite like the challenge and experience of shooting outside – and working with whatever the weather gives you.

## Telling a story through the subject’s eyes.

Eyes can tell us so much about a person – from their demeanour as a person, their approach to life, to how they’re feeling at that moment in time. So they’re a hugely important factor to consider when it comes to telling your subject’s story.

Goellner holds that one of the most important tips for portrait photography is getting a sharp focus on your subject’s eyes: “If you’re focused on somebody’s forehead or fringe and their eyes are out of focus, it automatically kills it,” she says, “unless you’re being really artsy.” Beyond this simple but vital reminder, you’ll want to consider the lens you’re working with.

Goellner says that the best lenses for portraiture will open up really wide. “A really wide aperture lets in a lot of light and lets the background be blurry,” she says. Wide-angle lenses and a shallow depth of field help you to keep the focus on your subject, rather than losing them to background elements that might be less important. Goellner’s go-to portrait lens is an 85 mm lens.

Personally, I find an 80mm lens is perfect if I’m going for a neat portrait crop, but I go longer when shooting full-length images (which I may choose to do if I’m using the backdrop to tell a subject’s story).

You can also adjust your aperture settings to bring more out of your subject’s eyes. For this approach, I’d recommend using f2.8, which isolates the subject from their background and puts the eyes centre stage.

Derek Boyd, a photographer in the Pacific Northwest, suggests trying out even longer focal lengths: “If you have a long focal length and you’re close to your subject, you’ll have very shallow depth of field,” he says. “So a 200-millimetre lens is great for portrait work. Basically, you shoot almost as close up as you can with it and it looks great because the background gets blurred out. And the compression that telephoto lenses cause — it’s a little bit of distortion that’s very flattering to people. It makes noses look a little bit smaller and it makes eyes look a little bit better. It’s just very complimentary. It’s hard to describe, but any time you see a nice tight portrait like a glamour shot, that’s almost always done with the very long focal length. Now, on the other hand, you have your wide focal lengths, so that would be anything 30 millimetres and lower. If you get real close to somebody with a wide-angle lens, it makes their head look really big and everything in the background look really small and you almost get that fisheye effect. It is not complimentary. You can use it for portraits, but it looks silly.”

Portrait photography of man in red shirt.?$pjpeg$&jpegSize=100&wid=534)

Blurry photo of man with red sports top.

Portrait photo of a brown haired girl, with a pink t-shirt holding a small pink flower.

The kicker here is the ability to choose your focal point. Boyd explains, “Before I shot on a real camera, an SLR, I’d only shot on point-and-shoots where everything was in focus. I think that’s the difference between a snapshot and a real artistic photograph — highlighting your subject. That doesn’t mean that you have to use shallow depth of field, but a professional-style portrait will. And the first time that you do it on your own, it’s like magic. That look is something that I’ll always be a sucker for. I’ll always love a portrait with a just completely blurred-out background and a nice, sharp eye with a catch-light, a nice twinkle in the eye.”

## Best camera settings for portrait photography.

Many photographers will start out using automated program modes to shoot. Those can be very helpful as you begin, allowing you time to connect with your subject and concentrate on lighting, but over time you might want to adjust your settings. For example:

- ISO. You’ll need to adapt the ISO for the time of day and level of light you’re working with. I tend to work between ISO 400 and 800 outdoors. Remember that ISO in turn affects your aperture and shutter speed.

- Exposure. This is a setting you absolutely have to nail. In portrait photography it’s important to get it as close to real life as you can – if you under-expose or over-expose, it can be hard to bring the image back in the edit. My advice would be to invest in a light meter.

- Aperture. As mentioned before, aperture can help foreground your subject while blurring the backdrop. A shallow depth of field is a good place to start - everything around the subject’s eyes will fall out of focus. If the background adds to the story of the image, increase the aperture to bring it back.

You can also adjust your aperture settings to bring more out of your subject’s eyes. For this approach, I’d recommend using f2.8, which isolates the subject from their background and puts the eyes centre stage.

Pidgeon warns that automated settings can ultimately hamper your progress. He says, “A program can give you the basics, but I don’t think you can get very creative. The program is there to keep you within the range of ‘this will be fine.’ But if you’re getting into photography, you want more than fine. You have to go manual to get that nuance. And that’s scary — a lot of people are like, ‘Hey this particular program mode works great. I got awesome photos in this situation. I don’t want to let go of that.’ And then suddenly you’re in a different situation, and it doesn’t work. The program was doing the work for you, doing all the math for you, and making a lot of decisions. So then you have to go back and figure out how exposure works.”

Learning those manual camera settings, and getting access to more nuanced decisions means you can get much more creative, artistic portrait photography.

And there’s no need to stop with refining your use of exposure. Alex Str, a photographer and designer based in Los Angeles, encourages even more experiments. He says, “I think filling the frame is really interesting: when there’s parts of an image that aren’t necessarily fully in the frame or there’s a subject that’s very much in the foreground and maybe covering a third of the frame. I feel like I’ve transitioned a lot lately from taking portraits of people that were perfectly centred in the frame on really clean backgrounds to ‘What would that look like if the camera was actually in this room and it was behind somebody or looking over somebody’s shoulder?’”

Outdoor portrait photo of a man chatting with friends

All of this harks back to that foundational element of portrait photography. Str says, “This is probably a general rule of thumb for a lot of photography: story is king. That’s the reason why we make things, the reason why we design, the reason why we make films, the reason why we write — and I just would really encourage people to not forget that.”

Zabih emphasize this same idea, saying, “Portraiture is interesting because you often kind of throw the rules out the window. If I’m able to capture some kind of emotion in the photo, I feel like it’s huge. I'll do photos where I'm purposely messing up the photo — where I lower my shutter speed or shoot things cropped in a way that I normally wouldn’t. And as long as there’s emotion in the photo, they end up being my favourite. What’s cool about portrait photography is it doesn’t have to be a perfect image to be the best image.”

## My top tips for portrait photography.

1. Shoot at different times of day. Shooting indoors can work in some contexts, but I find it more rewarding to shoot outside. I learn more by getting to know natural light and how it changes.

2. Cast the right people. If you have control over who your subjects are, choose people you’re interested in. The most engaging people are the ones with the best stories – and you can bring that out in an image.

3. Invest in your kit. Your creativity will only get you so far – hardware and software can take portrait photography to the next level. A light meter, reflector and diffuser are very useful when shooting outdoors. Also, my time as a photographer is spend 60% shooting, 40% editing, so invest in some good editing software. I use Adobe Lightroom.

### Adobe’s portrait photography partners

Derek Boyd. Professional photographer with over 20 years’ experience in the industry – specialising in property photography.

Anna Jaye Goellner. LA-based photographer with a varied portfolio of wedding, family, and lifestyle images.

Naba Zabih. Specialising in wedding photography and images themed around love and connection.

Alexander Tan. Creative maker and educator living in LA and helping develop brands globally.

Shawn Ingersoll. Freelance photographer, illustrator and videographer based in Portland, Oregon.

## Do more with Adobe Photoshop Lightroom.

### About the author.

Luke Stackpoole

Rosie Matheson is a London-based freelance photographer specialising in portrait photography.

She spends the majority of her time on shoots with a mixture of subjects, from models to musicians. In 2016 one of her images was selected for Portrait of Britain.

Find Rosie’s work here:

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