वायु प्रदूषण के प्रभाव
वायु प्रदूषण के प्रभाव
हमारा आहार और पोषण: वायु प्रदूषण हमारे भोजन को कैसे प्रभावित करता है?
वायु प्रदूषण हमारे भोजन के पोषक तत्वों को प्रभावित करके उसे प्रभावित करता है। विभिन्न प्रदूषक फसल की सामान्य वृद्धि में बाधा डालते हैं।
साइंस डायरेक्ट
जमीनी स्तर का ओजोन प्रकाश संश्लेषण को कम कर देता है जो पौधों के बढ़ने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है। इससे पौधों की वृद्धि धीमी हो जाती है और फसल की पैदावार कम हो जाती है। <anchor>साइंस डायरेक्ट</anchor> में प्रकाशित एक अध्ययन में पाया गया कि दिन के ओजोन ने वैश्विक पैदावार में 2 से 16% तक की हानि की है। इसमें गेहूं, चावल, मक्का और सोयाबीन जैसी प्रमुख फसलों की पैदावार शामिल है। उसी पत्रिका में प्रकाशित एक अन्य अध्ययन में दिखाया गया है कि फसल की पैदावार में ओजोन प्रदूषण के कारण भारत में गेहूं के लिए लगभग 5 बिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर और चावल के लिए 1.5 बिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर की आर्थिक हानि होती है।
Ozone effects on crops and consideration in crop models - ScienceDirect
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## European Journal of Agronomy

# Ozone effects on crops and consideration in crop models

Author links open overlay panelLisa D.Embersona, HåkanPleijelb, Elizabeth A.Ainsworthc, Mauritsvan den Bergd, WeiRene, StephanieOsborneaf, GinaMillsf, DivyaPandeya, FrankDentenerd, PatrickBükera, FrankEwertg, RenateKoebled, RitaVan Dingenend

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## Highlights

- •
  The processes by which ozone affects arable crops are explained.

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  Options to incorporate these processes into existing crop models are considered.

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  New models would improve understanding of ozone impacts under environmental stress.

## Abstract

We review current knowledge of the processes by which ozone will cause injury and damage to crop plants. We do this both through an understanding of the limitations to ozone uptake (i.e. ozone being transferred from some height in the atmosphere to the leaf boundary layer and subsequent uptake via the stomata) as well as through the internal plant processes that will result in the absorbed ozone dose causing damage and/or injury. We consider these processes across a range of scales by which ozone impacts plants, from cellular metabolism influencing leaf level physiology up to whole canopy and root system processes and feedbacks. We explore how these impacts affect leaf level photosynthesis and senescence (and associated carbon assimilation) as well as whole canopy resource acquisition (e.g. water and nutrients) and ultimately crop growth and yield. We consider these processes from the viewpoint of developing crop growth models capable of incorporating key ozone impact processes within modelling structures that assess crop growth under a variety of different abiotic stresses. These models would provide a dynamic assessment of the impact of ozone within the context of other key variables considered important in determining crop growth and yield. We consider the ability to achieve such modelling through an assessment of the different types of crop model currently available (e.g. empirical, radiation use efficiency, and photosynthesis based crop growth models). Finally, we show how international activities such as the AgMIP (Agricultural Modelling and Improvement Intercomparison Project) could see crop growth modellers collaborate to assess the capabilities of different crop models to simulate the effects of ozone and other stresses. The development of robust crop growth models capable of including ozone effects would substantially improve future national, regional and global risk assessments that aim to assess the role that ozone might play under future climatic conditions in limiting food supply.

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## Keywords

Ozone pollution

Crop modelling

Biomass

Yield

Risk assessment

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