La evolución rápida de las especies es responsabilidad de ... - WIRED
Charles Darwin concebía la evolución como un proceso gradual. Un paciente desplazamiento de los glaciares o la lenta marcha de las placas ...
un artículo en 1999 que despertó el interés en este campo
Con un colega, Michael Kinnison (ahora en la Universidad de Maine), Hendry reunió una base de datos de ejemplos de evolución rápida y escribió <anchor>un artículo en 1999 que despertó el interés en este campo</anchor>. Ahora, Hendry y sus colegas han actualizado y ampliado el conjunto de datos original con más de 5 mil ejemplos adicionales, desde la profundidad craneal del pinzón vulgar hasta la esperanza de vida del guppy trinitario. Los científicos están utilizando estos datos para responder a preguntas sobre la rapidez y el alcance de los cambios en el mundo natural y en qué medida se deben a la actividad humana.
PERSPECTIVE: THE PACE OF MODERN LIFE: MEASURING RATES OF CONTEMPORARY MICROEVOLUTION - Hendry - 1999 - Evolution - Wiley Online Library
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# PERSPECTIVE: THE PACE OF MODERN LIFE: MEASURING RATES OF CONTEMPORARY MICROEVOLUTION

Andrew P. Hendry

Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada

Michael T. Kinnison

Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Gilman Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755

Andrew P. Hendry

Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada

Michael T. Kinnison

Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Gilman Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755

First published: 31 May 2017

Citations: 542

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### Abstract

We evaluate methods for measuring and specifying rates of microevolution in the wild, with particular regard to studies of contemporary, often deemed “rapid,” evolution. A considerable amount of ambiguity and inconsistency persists within the field, and we provide a number of suggestions that should improve study design, inference, and clarity of presentation. (1) Some studies measure change over time within a population (allochronic) and others measure the difference between two populations that had a common ancestor in the past (synchronic). Allochronic studies can be used to estimate rates of “evolution,” whereas synchronic studies more appropriately estimate rates of “divergence.” Rates of divergence may range from a small fraction to many times the actual evolutionary rates in the component populations. (2) Some studies measure change using individuals captured from the wild, whereas others measure differences after rearing in a common environment. The first type of study can be used to specify “phenotypic” rates and the later “genetic” rates. (3) The most commonly used evolutionary rate metric, the darwin, has a number of theoretical shortcomings. Studies of microevolution would benefit from specifying rates in standard deviations per generation, the haldane. (4) Evolutionary rates are typically specified without an indication of their precision. Readily available methods for specifying confidence intervals and statistical significance (regression, bootstrapping, randomization) should be implemented. (5) Microevolutionists should strive to accumulate time series, which can reveal temporal shifts in the rate of evolution and can be used to identify evolutionary patterns. (6) Evolutionary rates provide a convenient way to compare the tempo of evolution across studies, traits, taxa, and time scales, but such comparisons are subject to varying degrees of confidence. Comparisons across different time scales are particularly tenuous. (7) A number of multivariate rate measures exist, but considerable theoretical development is required before their utility can be determined. We encourage the continued investigation of evolutionary rates because the information they provide is relevant to a wide range of theoretical and practical issues.

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December 1999

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