Come riconoscere un Bombo | Museo di Zoologia - La Sapienza
I Bombi sono insetti appartenenti alla famiglia delle Api, si presentano come vistosi, grandi e rumorosi. Questi insetti sono impollinatori di importanza ...
link
Il Museo di Zoologia, in collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin” e con il Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale di Verona, ha sviluppato la chiave interattiva BumbleKey, per l’identificazione dei Bombi Italiani. Questa applicazione, raggiungibile al seguente <anchor>link</anchor>, è programmata per essere flessibile, pratica e di facile utilizzo, ciò può essere utile ad accrescere l’interesse per le api e per facilitare altri ambiti di studio come l’Ecologia, la conservazione ecc.
BumbleKey WEB - Interactive Key
Key to the bumblebees of Italy     click on names to access further information

### image

This is an open access web-application.

If you publish results obtained using this application, you should cite the data paper
describing it:

Cappellari A., Mei M., Lopresti M., Cerretti P., 2018. Bumblekey – an interactive key for the identification of bumblebees of Italy and Corsica

Questo sito per funzionare utilizza cookie, in partcolare solo cookie tecnici per consentire il corretto utilizzo dell'applicativo.



Alps

Apennine mountains

Italian islands

Tuscan Archipelago, Sardinia and Corsica



The most selective characters are highlighted in green

1 FACE AND CLYPEUS HAIR COLOURpictures linked "pictures linked") pale (yellow, red or white)pictures linked "pictures linked") dark (black or brown) pictures linked "pictures linked") dark face, pale clypeus pictures linked "pictures linked") pale face, dark clypeus2 UPPERSIDE OF THE HEAD (VERTEX) HAIR COLOURpictures linked "pictures linked") darkpictures linked "pictures linked") pale3 BANDS ON MESOSOMApictures linked "pictures linked") absent, black mesosoma pictures linked "pictures linked") absent, red, orange or brown mesosomapictures linked "pictures linked") absent, yellow mesosomapictures linked "pictures linked") an anterior yellow bandpictures linked "pictures linked") a posterior yellow bandpictures linked "pictures linked") two bands (anterior and posterior), yellowpictures linked "pictures linked") two bands (anterior and posterior), white4 MESOPLEURAE MAIN COLOURpictures linked "pictures linked") darkpictures linked "pictures linked") yellowpictures linked "pictures linked") red/orangepictures linked "pictures linked") white or whitish5 WING COLOURpictures linked "pictures linked") dark pictures linked "pictures linked") pale6 HIND TIBIA CUTICLE COLOURpictures linked "pictures linked") black pictures linked "pictures linked") red or reddish7 HIND TIBIA HAIRS COLOURpictures linked "pictures linked") dark pictures linked "pictures linked") red or reddish pictures linked "pictures linked") dark and pale hairs mixed pictures linked "pictures linked") dark with pale tips pictures linked "pictures linked") all pale8 BANDS ON METASOMApictures linked "pictures linked") absent pictures linked "pictures linked") pale band on T1 pictures linked "pictures linked") pale band on T2 pictures linked "pictures linked") pale band on T1 and (at least the anterior part of) T29 METASOMAL TERGITES 4-7 MAIN COLOURpictures linked "pictures linked") black pictures linked "pictures linked") white pictures linked "pictures linked") red, orange or brown pictures linked "pictures linked") yellow10 METASOMAL TERGITES 4-7 COLOUR ARRANGEMENTpictures linked "pictures linked") pale colour continuous on the tergites pictures linked "pictures linked") pale colour interrupted in the middle of one or more tergite11 [FEMALE] ANTENNAE: A3-A5 ANTENNOMERESpictures linked "pictures linked") A3 as long as or longer than A4 + A5pictures linked "pictures linked") A3 shorter than A4 + A512 [FEMALE] ANTENNAE: A3 ANTENNOMERE RATIOpictures linked "pictures linked") A3 at most as long than 2x its distal width (<=2:1) pictures linked "pictures linked") A3 clearly longer than 2x its distal width (>2:1)13 [MALE] ANTENNAE: MEDIAN ANTENNOMERES (A5-A9)pictures linked "pictures linked") crylindricalpictures linked "pictures linked") obviously curvedpictures linked "pictures linked") curved and ventrally swollen14 [MALE] EYEpictures linked "pictures linked") enlarged, bulbouspictures linked "pictures linked") normal15 [FEMALE] OCELLO-OCULAR AREA: SCULPTUREpictures linked "pictures linked") intermixed small and large punctures pictures linked "pictures linked") a distinct patch of several (about 30), very fine, punctures among the small and large punctures intermixed pictures linked "pictures linked") prevalence of small and dense punctures16 [FEMALE] OCELLO-OCULAR AREA: UNPUNCTURED AND SHINING AREASpictures linked "pictures linked") occupies ¼ or less of the distance between lateral ocellus and the inner margin of the eyepictures linked "pictures linked") occupies at least half of the distance between lateral ocellus and the inner margin of the eye17 [FEMALE] OCULO-MALAR AREApictures linked "pictures linked") much shorter than broad (about 0.5x) pictures linked "pictures linked") shorter than broad pictures linked "pictures linked") about as long as broad (approximately square) pictures linked "pictures linked") longer than broadpictures linked "pictures linked") much longer than broad (>=1.5x)18 [MALE] OCULO-MALAR AREApictures linked "pictures linked") broader than longpictures linked "pictures linked") about as broad as longpictures linked "pictures linked") longer than broad19 [FEMALE] CLYPEUS: SHAPEpictures linked "pictures linked") strongly swollen and bulging in its posterior half; anterior half flat or nearly concave pictures linked "pictures linked") weakly and evenly swollen or nearly flat throughout20 [FEMALE] LABRUM: OVERALL SHAPEpictures linked "pictures linked") subtriangularpictures linked "pictures linked") subrectangular21 [FEMALE] LABRUM: MEDIAN FURROW AND LATERAL TUBERCLE, OVERALL SHAPEpictures linked "pictures linked") tubercles flat, not protruding, median furrow absentpictures linked "pictures linked") tubercles flat, barely protruding, median furrow shallow but well definedpictures linked "pictures linked") tubercles barely protruding, median furrow narrow and ill definedpictures linked "pictures linked") tubercles protruding, median furrow deep, well definedpictures linked "pictures linked") tubercles protruding medially, deeply impressed in their lateral half, median furrow deep and well defined22 [FEMALE] LABRUM: MEDIAN FURROWpictures linked "pictures linked") absent pictures linked "pictures linked") very large, about 1/2 of the labrum width pictures linked "pictures linked") large, about 1/3 of the labrum width pictures linked "pictures linked") relatively narrow, shorter than 1/3 of the labrum width pictures linked "pictures linked") very narrow, about 1/5 of the labrum width23 [FEMALE] LABRUM: LAMELLA SHAPEpictures linked "pictures linked") triangularpictures linked "pictures linked") almost straightpictures linked "pictures linked") more or less rounded24 [FEMALE] LABRUM: LAMELLA DIMENSIONSpictures linked "pictures linked") longer than 1/2 of the labrum widthpictures linked "pictures linked") as long as 1/2 of the labrum widthpictures linked "pictures linked") about as long as 1/3 of the labrum widthpictures linked "pictures linked") shorter than 1/3 of the labrum width25 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: SHAPEpictures linked "pictures linked") distal margin strongly obliquepictures linked "pictures linked") distal margin forming a right angle with the longitudinal axis26 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: NUMBER OF TEETHpictures linked "pictures linked") 2 or 3 pictures linked "pictures linked") 5 or 627 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: ANTERIOR KEELpictures linked "pictures linked") reaching and continuous with the distal marginpictures linked "pictures linked") reaching at least half way to distal margin, sometimes ending very close but never continuous to itpictures linked "pictures linked") poorly developed, not even reaching half way to the margin28 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: SULCUS OBLIQUUS (POSTERIOR GROOVE)pictures linked "pictures linked") absent pictures linked "pictures linked") present, more or less marked29 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: INCISURA (DISTAL NOTCH)pictures linked "pictures linked") absent pictures linked "pictures linked") present, deep, separating a strong, well defined posterior toothpictures linked "pictures linked") present, shallow or very shallow, separating an ill defined posterior tooth30 [MALE] MANDIBLE: 'BEARD'pictures linked "pictures linked") poorly developed, nearly absentpictures linked "pictures linked") well developed, black or dark brown pictures linked "pictures linked") well developed, brown or golden yellow31 [FEMALE] MID BASITARSUS: DISTAL POSTERIOR CORNERpictures linked "pictures linked") with a strong and sharp tooth (about 45° or less) or a long spinepictures linked "pictures linked") acutely pointed (more than 45°), but without forming a tooth or spinepictures linked "pictures linked") more or less broadly but clearly rounded32 [FEMALE] MID BASITARSUS: ERECT HAIRS ON THE OUTER SURFACEpictures linked "pictures linked") a well defined proximal tuft of longer hairs (as long or longer than the distal width of the basitarsus) pictures linked "pictures linked") tuft of longer hairs absent, hairs short and even on the whole surface33 [FEMALE] HIND TIBIA: OUTER SURFACEpictures linked "pictures linked") strongly and uniformly convex, and uniformly densely covered with moderate to long stout hairs throughout; long hairs present, but not forming a distinct fringepictures linked "pictures linked") broad, almost flat, most of the outer surface (at least the distal half) without moderate to long hairs; fringe of long hairs present on anterior and posterior margin34 [MALE] HIND TIBIA: OUTER SURFACEpictures linked "pictures linked") at most the proximal third more or less covered with hairspictures linked "pictures linked") proximal half covered with hairspictures linked "pictures linked") only about the distal third barepictures linked "pictures linked") the whole surface unevenly covered with hairspictures linked "pictures linked") the whole surface densely clothed with mostly branched hairs35 [FEMALE] HIND TIBIA: CORBICULApictures linked "pictures linked") absentpictures linked "pictures linked") present, its surface coarsely sculptured, matt, not shining, with long stout hairs in the middle of the proximal half pictures linked "pictures linked") present, its surface shining, with a few (2 or 3) long, stout hairs in its proximal halfpictures linked "pictures linked") present, its surface shining, with many short and thin hairs throughout its proximal halfpictures linked "pictures linked") present, its surface shining, with a few short and thin hairs scattered in its proximal half pictures linked "pictures linked") present, its surface weakly sculptured or smooth, shining, without hairs36 [MALE] HIND TIBIA: POSTERIOR FRINGE HAIRSpictures linked "pictures linked") shorter than the maximum width of the tibiapictures linked "pictures linked") at least some of the hairs as long or longer than the maximum width of the tibia37 [FEMALE] HIND BASITARSUS: PROXIMAL POSTERIORLY-DIRECTED PROCESSpictures linked "pictures linked") absent pictures linked "pictures linked") broad and blunt, shorter than its breadthpictures linked "pictures linked") narrow and pointed, longer than its breadth proximally where it joins the basitarsus38 [FEMALE] HIND BASITARSUS: LENGTH OF POSTERIOR FRINGE'S HAIRSpictures linked "pictures linked") as long or longer than the maximum basitarsus width pictures linked "pictures linked") shorter than the maximum basitarsus width39 METASOMAL TERGITE 6 (T6)pictures linked "pictures linked") without keels or other remarkable features; apex more or less rounded or truncated, never notched pictures linked "pictures linked") apex notched, the notch more or less V shaped pictures linked "pictures linked") with a hairless, circular and slightly raised area, well delimited by pubescence; apex truncated or notched pictures linked "pictures linked") with a longitudinal keel pictures linked "pictures linked") transversally folded in its apical third, with or without a longitudinal keel40 METASOMAL STERNITE 2 (S2)pictures linked "pictures linked") slightly bulging between the anterior and posterior margins in a weak rounded transversal ridge pictures linked "pictures linked") flat between the anterior and posterior margins, without ridge41 METASOMAL STERNITE 6 (S6): KEELSpictures linked "pictures linked") keels (median or ventro-lateral) absent; sternum may be 'roof-shaped', with the bend more or less sharp or marked, but without forming a true keelpictures linked "pictures linked") a strong, conspicuous longitudinal median keel presentpictures linked "pictures linked") ventro-lateral keels large, thick, converging toward the apex in a V shape pictures linked "pictures linked") ventro-lateral keels large, evenly rounded, converging medially in a U shape at a distance from apexpictures linked "pictures linked") ventro-lateral keels large, thin, sharply produced laterally and visible from dorsal view projecting beyond T6 pictures linked "pictures linked") ventro-lateral keels medially well separated, tapering distally and converging toward apex in a loose V shape pictures linked "pictures linked") ventro-lateral keels small, poorly developed, merging medially and toward apex in a small median ridge; external callosities angled pictures linked "pictures linked") ventro-lateral keels small, poorly developed, merging medially and toward apex in a small median ridge; external callosities rounded, hardly produced 42 [MALE] VOLSELLA AND GONOSTYLUSpictures linked "pictures linked") weakly sclerotized, pale yellowish contrasting with dark, sclerotized gonocoxapictures linked "pictures linked") strongly sclerotized, dark43 [MALE] VOLSELLA, DORSAL VIEWpictures linked "pictures linked") almost entirely covered by gonostylus, only the very apex projecting beyond itpictures linked "pictures linked") projecting beyond gonostylus by about the volsellar breadth at that point pictures linked "pictures linked") widely projecting beyond gonostylus44 [MALE] VOLSELLA: OVERALL SHAPEpictures linked "pictures linked") long and narrow, slightly curved, fingerlikepictures linked "pictures linked") subtriangular, apex pointedpictures linked "pictures linked") subtriangular, apex blunt, roundedpictures linked "pictures linked") short, narrowly triangular, apex sharply pointed and strongly curved inwardpictures linked "pictures linked") apex truncated and more or less notched, inner edge often with small teethpictures linked "pictures linked") bifurcated apex45 [MALE] VOLSELLA: PROCESS OF THE INNER MARGINpictures linked "pictures linked") absentpictures linked "pictures linked") in the distal part, appearing as a blunt process, with its margin irregularly denticulatepictures linked "pictures linked") in the distal part, appearing as a tooth or as a more or less strong, recurved and flattened hookpictures linked "pictures linked") in the distal part, long recurved and forkedpictures linked "pictures linked") at about midpoint, long and slender (3 or 4 times longer of its width)pictures linked "pictures linked") at about midpoint, a strong, pointed, forward recurved toothpictures linked "pictures linked") at about midpoint, distally broadened and truncated, more or less bidentate to clearly forked46 [MALE] GONOSTYLUS, DORSAL VIEWpictures linked "pictures linked") triangular (with a submarginal longitudinal groove on the inner margin)pictures linked "pictures linked") transverse (broader than long) to about as long as broadpictures linked "pictures linked") longer than broadpictures linked "pictures linked") longer than broad, with a longitudinal groove on the inner marginpictures linked "pictures linked") longer than broad, with inner surface widely and deeply concave, bowl shapedpictures linked "pictures linked") longer than broad, with concave inner margin and pointed distal cornerpictures linked "pictures linked") very wide, concave, curved inward and downward, ear shaped47 [MALE] GONOSTYLUS: INNER PROCESSpictures linked "pictures linked") absent or inconspicuous pictures linked "pictures linked") small, short, an acute tooth or almost triangular or finger like pictures linked "pictures linked") large, a long, slender spine pictures linked "pictures linked") large, a pointed, more or less wide and flattened triangle pictures linked "pictures linked") an incurved, distally enlarged, concave, spoon or bowl shaped lamella pictures linked "pictures linked") long, triangular, more or less deeply and narrowly forked, the posterior spine of the fork only slightly sclerotized in some species pictures linked "pictures linked") long, strongly recurved back toward the gonostylus, its apex forked or flattened and axe like, ending in two sharp points pictures linked "pictures linked") a pointed process variable in shape and length, but always covered with many branched hairs48 [MALE] PENIS VALVE: HEAD, DORSAL VIEWpictures linked "pictures linked") straight, more or less pointed pictures linked "pictures linked") straight, parallel sided, its ventral outer edge with a row of strong and irregular teeth pictures linked "pictures linked") somewhat enlarged outward, outer edge rounded or ending in a point pictures linked "pictures linked") somewhat enlarged outward, outer edge with many minute teeth pictures linked "pictures linked") curved inward, angled as a barbed arrow headpictures linked "pictures linked") curved inward as a broad and flattened, sickle shaped hook pictures linked "pictures linked") broadly enlarged, the inward curved part concave, spoon like; the outward curved flange bidentate pictures linked "pictures linked") curved outward, flattened, axe like pictures linked "pictures linked") strongly flattened and enlarged dorsoventrally, widely flared outward49 [MALE] PENIS VALVE: SHAFTpictures linked "pictures linked") without a median ventral tooth or projectionpictures linked "pictures linked") with a ventral angle near midpointpictures linked "pictures linked") with median ventral, often strong, triangular toothpictures linked "pictures linked") strongly enlarged and flattened in its proximal half, with a ventral, tri or quadridentate subapical projectionpictures linked "pictures linked") strongly flattened and enlarged dorsoventrally50 [MALE] GONOCOXA: APEX, DORSAL VIEWpictures linked "pictures linked") narrowly pointedpictures linked "pictures linked") fingerlike pictures linked "pictures linked") broadly truncated, subquadrate pictures linked "pictures linked") truncated and more or less produced inward

SELECTED
ATTRIBUTES: