濒危动物：为什么防止物种灭绝十分重要 - 世界经济论坛
爪哇犀牛呈月光灰色，角长10英寸，身体像一辆装甲战车，从印度到印度尼西亚，爪哇犀牛的数量一度很多。作为世界上受威胁最大的大型哺乳动物之一，由于狩猎、 ...
保护工作
爪哇犀牛呈月光灰色，角长10英寸，身体像一辆装甲战车，从印度到印度尼西亚，爪哇犀牛的数量一度很多。作为世界上受威胁最大的大型哺乳动物之一，由于狩猎、传统医药的偷猎和栖息地丧失，这种动物濒临灭绝。目前，它们仅生活在爪哇岛西南段的乌荣库隆国家公园，数量还不到70只。人们对爪哇犀牛在生态系统中所扮演的角色知之甚少，但人们相信它们有助于多种植物的种子传播。爪哇犀牛极易受到栖息地变化的影响，而沿海的乌荣库隆国家公园受海啸、海平面上升和火山爆发的威胁，因此 <anchor>保护工作</anchor> 包括在公园外建立第二个可存活的犀牛种群。
Javan Rhino | Species | WWF
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# Javan Rhino

Javan Rhino

## Facts

- CR Status

Critically Endangered

- Population

Around 76

- Scientific Name
  Rhinoceros sondaicus

- Height

4.6–5.8 feet

- Weight

1,984 - 5,071 pounds

- Length

10–10.5 feet

- Habitats

Tropical forests

Population distribution of the Javan Rhino

Javan rhinos are the most threatened of the five rhino species, with only around 76 individuals that live only in Ujung Kulon National Park in Java, Indonesia. Javan rhinos once lived throughout northeast India and Southeast Asia. Vietnam’s last Javan rhino was poached in 2010.

This species is a dusky grey color and has a single horn of up to about 10 inches. Its skin has a number of loose folds, giving the appearance of armor plating. The Javan rhino is very similar in appearance to the closely-related greater one-horned rhinoceros, but has a much smaller head and less apparent skin folds.

### Ancient Survivors

Ensuring a future for one of the world's oldest mammals

Rhinos at sunrise

## Why They Matter

- The population in Ujung Kulon National Park represents the only hope for the survival of a species that is on the brink of extinction. Until the late 19th century and early 20th century, Javan rhinos existed from northeast India and the Sunderbans , throughout mainland Southeast Asia, and on the island of Sumatra. If we lose the population in Java, the entire species will disappear.

## Threats

- Population
  Around 76

- Extinction Risk
  Critically Endangered

1. EX
   Extinct

   No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died

2. EW
   Extinct in the Wild

   Known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population

3. CR
   Critically Endangered

   Facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the Wild

4. EN
   Endangered

   Facing a high risk of extinction in the Wild

5. VU
   Vulnerable

   Facing a high risk of extinction in the Wild

6. NT
   Near Threatened

   Likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future

7. LC
   Least Concern

   Does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Near Threatened

Javan rhinos are found in only one protected area in the world. The biology of the species is poorly understood, but we are starting to learn more about the species ecology and behavior thanks to very intensive monitoring of the population. They are extremely vulnerable to extinction due to catastrophes, habitat loss, diseases, poaching, and potential inbreeding.

### Illegal Wildlife Trade

Javan rhinos were killed by trophy hunters during colonial times. They were also killed as agricultural pests and for their horn, a highly prized commodity in traditional Asian medicine. Poaching remains an ever-present threat.

### Reduced Genetic Diversity

The small size of the Javan rhino population is a cause for concern. Low genetic diversity and inbreeding could make it difficult for the long-term survival of the species.

### Disasters

The coastal Ujung Kulon National Park is highly vulnerable to tsunamis, and a major explosion of the nearby Anak Krakatau volcano could easily wipe out most life in the protected area. Rising sea levels because of climate change also threaten the park.

### Arenga Palm

The Arenga palm has overtaken parts of the park, reducing natural forage and habitat quality.

### Disease

In recent years four rhinos, including one young adult female, are thought to have died from disease, probably transmitted to wild cattle in the park and subsequently to the rhinos.

### Habitat Degradation

People living near the park are encroaching on and degrading crucial rhino habitat. Important economic development near the park, including from (eco)tourism, risks further encroachment into the park.

## How You Can Help

### Related Species

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