Geocaching - Wikipedia
Geocaching is an outdoor recreational activity, in which participants use a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver or mobile device and other navigational ...
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## Contents

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- (Top)

- [1History](#History)
- [2Geocaches](#Geocaches)Toggle Geocaches subsection  - [2.1Variations](#Variations)
  - [2.2Geocache types](#Geocache_types)    - [2.2.1Traditional cache](#Traditional_cache)      - [2.2.1.1Night cache](#Night_cache)
    - [2.2.2Multi-cache](#Multi-cache)
    - [2.2.3Mystery cache](#Mystery_cache)      - [2.2.3.1Challenge cache](#Challenge_cache)
      - [2.2.3.2Bonus cache](#Bonus_cache)
      - [2.2.3.3Moving or travelling cache](#Moving_or_travelling_cache)
      - [2.2.3.4Chirp cache](#Chirp_cache)
    - [2.2.4Geocaching HQ geocache (GCK25B)](#Geocaching_HQ_geocache_(GCK25B))
    - [2.2.5Wherigo cache](#Wherigo_cache)      - [2.2.5.1Reverse Wherigo](#Reverse_Wherigo)
    - [2.2.6Letterbox hybrid](#Letterbox_hybrid)
    - [2.2.7Project A.P.E. cache](#Project_A.P.E._cache)
    - [2.2.8Virtual cache](#Virtual_cache)
    - [2.2.9EarthCache](#EarthCache)
    - [2.2.10Locationless cache](#Locationless_cache)
    - [2.2.11Webcam cache](#Webcam_cache)
    - [2.2.12Adventure Lab](#Adventure_Lab)
    - [2.2.13Event caches](#Event_caches)
- [3Technology](#Technology)Toggle Technology subsection  - [3.1Obtaining data](#Obtaining_data)
  - [3.2Converting and filtering data](#Converting_and_filtering_data)
  - [3.3Mobile devices](#Mobile_devices)
- [4Ethics](#Ethics)
- [5Reception](#Reception)Toggle Reception subsection  - [5.1Laws and legislation](#Laws_and_legislation)
- [6Notable incidents](#Notable_incidents)
- [7Websites and data ownership](#Websites_and_data_ownership)Toggle Websites and data ownership subsection  - [7.1First page](#First_page)
  - [7.2Geocaching.com](#Geocaching.com)
  - [7.3Opencaching Network](#Opencaching_Network)
  - [7.4OpenCaching.com](#OpenCaching.com)
  - [7.5Other sites](#Other_sites)    - [7.5.1GPSgames](#GPSgames)
    - [7.5.2NaviCache](#NaviCache)
    - [7.5.3TerraCaching](#TerraCaching)
    - [7.5.4Extremcaching](#Extremcaching)
    - [7.5.5Geocaching Australia](#Geocaching_Australia)
- [8See also](#See_also)
- [9References](#References)
- [10Further reading](#Further_reading)
- [11External links](#External_links)

Toggle the table of contents

# Geocaching

46 languages

- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Afrikaans")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A6 "هواية العثور على المخابئ – Arabic")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3 "Геакэшынг – Belarusian")
- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3 "Геакэшынг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3 "Геокешинг – Bulgarian")
- [Boarisch](https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Bavarian")
- [Brezhoneg](https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geokoach "Geokoach – Breton")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocerca "Geocerca – Catalan")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Czech")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – German")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopeitus "Geopeitus – Estonian")
- [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Greek")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Spanish")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoka%C5%9Dado "Geokaŝado – Esperanto")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Basque")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AC%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C "جغراگنج‌بازی – Persian")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ocaching "Géocaching – French")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%EC%BA%90%EC%8B%B1 "지오캐싱 – Korean")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Croatian")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo-lacak_selundup "Geo-lacak selundup – Indonesian")
- [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Icelandic")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Italian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92 "גאוקשינג – Hebrew")
- [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C4%93p%C5%86o%C5%A1ana "Slēpņošana – Latvian")
- [Lëtzebuergesch](https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Luxembourgish")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Lithuanian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Hungarian")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Dutch")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0 "ジオキャッシング – Japanese")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [پښتو](https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87 "جغرا-ګنج لوبه – Pashto")
- [Plattdüütsch](https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Low German")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Polish")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Portuguese")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Romanian")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3 "Геокэшинг – Russian")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Simple English")
- [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Slovak")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolov "Geolov – Slovenian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geok%C3%A4tk%C3%B6ily "Geokätköily – Finnish")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Swedish")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching "Geocaching – Turkish")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3 "Геокешинг – Ukrainian")
- [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%9D "地理藏宝 – Wu")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%97%8F%E5%AF%B6 "地理藏寶 – Chinese")

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- [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Geocaching)
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Outdoor recreational activity

Geocaching[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Geocaching.svg/220px-Geocaching.svg.png)](/wiki/File:Geocaching.svg)

International Geocaching Logo

NicknamesCaching, treasure huntingFirst playedMay 3, 2000[\[1\]](#cite_note-1)

[Beavercreek, Oregon](/wiki/Beavercreek,_Oregon "Beavercreek, Oregon"), [U.S.](/wiki/U.S. "U.S.")CharacteristicsTeam membersOptionalTypeRecreational activityEquipment[GPS receiver](/wiki/GPS_navigation_device "GPS navigation device") or GPS-enabled mobile device, writing implementPresenceCountry or regionWorldwide

**Geocaching** ([/ˈdʒiːoʊkæʃɪŋ/](/wiki/Help:IPA/English "Help:IPA/English"), [_JEE-oh-KASH-ing_](/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key "Help:Pronunciation respelling key")) is an outdoor recreational activity, in which participants use a [Global Positioning System](/wiki/Global_Positioning_System "Global Positioning System") (GPS) [receiver](/wiki/GPS_navigation_device "GPS navigation device") or [mobile device](/wiki/Mobile_device "Mobile device") and other navigational techniques to hide and seek containers, called _geocaches_ or _caches_, at specific locations marked by [coordinates](/wiki/Coordinate_system "Coordinate system") all over the world.[\[2\]](#cite_note-2) The first geocache was placed in 2000, and by 2023 there were over 3 million active caches worldwide.[\[3\]](#cite_note-3)

Geocaching can be considered a [location-based game](/wiki/Location-based_game "Location-based game"). A typical cache is a small waterproof container containing a [logbook](/wiki/Logbook "Logbook") and sometimes a pen or pencil.[\[4\]](#cite_note-4) The _geocacher_ signs the log with their established code name/username and dates it, in order to prove that they found the cache. After signing the log, the cache must be placed back exactly where the person found it. Larger containers such as plastic storage containers ( [Tupperware](/wiki/Tupperware "Tupperware") or similar) or [ammo boxes](/wiki/Ammunition_box "Ammunition box") can also contain items for trading, such as toys or trinkets, usually of more sentimental worth than financial.[\[5\]](#cite_note-5) Geocaching shares many aspects with [benchmarking](/wiki/Benchmarking_(hobby) "Benchmarking (hobby)"), [trigpointing](/wiki/Trigpointing "Trigpointing"), [orienteering](/wiki/Orienteering "Orienteering"), [treasure hunting](/wiki/Treasure_hunt_(game) "Treasure hunt (game)"), [letterboxing](/wiki/Letterboxing_(hobby) "Letterboxing (hobby)"), [trail blazing](/wiki/Trail_blazing "Trail blazing"), and [Munzee](/wiki/Munzee "Munzee").

## History

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: History")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_location_of_the_first_Geocache%2C_east_of_Portland.gif/220px-The_location_of_the_first_Geocache%2C_east_of_Portland.gif)](/wiki/File:The_location_of_the_first_Geocache,_east_of_Portland.gif) A 360° panoramic view of the site of the first geocache, in [Beavercreek, Oregon](/wiki/Beavercreek,_Oregon "Beavercreek, Oregon"), placed by [Dave Ulmer](/wiki/Dave_Ulmer "Dave Ulmer")[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%22Original_Can_of_Beans%22_from_first_geocache.jpg/220px-%22Original_Can_of_Beans%22_from_first_geocache.jpg)](/wiki/File:%22Original_Can_of_Beans%22_from_first_geocache.jpg)"Original Can of Beans", which was in the first geocache, at the 2012 Geocoinfest Mega Event in Colorado

Geocaching was originally similar to the game [letterboxing](/wiki/Letterboxing_(hobby) "Letterboxing (hobby)") (which originated in 1854), which uses clues and references to [landmarks](/wiki/Landmark "Landmark") embedded in stories.[\[6\]](#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](#cite_note-Thomas-2010-7) Geocaching was conceived shortly after the removal of [Selective Availability](/wiki/Selective_Availability "Selective Availability") from the [Global Positioning System](/wiki/Global_Positioning_System "Global Positioning System") on May 2, 2000 ( [Blue Switch Day](/w/index.php?title=Blue_Switch_Day&action=edit&redlink=1 "Blue Switch Day (page does not exist)")[\[8\]](#cite_note-8)), because the improved accuracy[\[9\]](#cite_note-9) of the system allowed for a small container to be specifically placed and located.[\[7\]](#cite_note-Thomas-2010-7)[\[10\]](#cite_note-10)

The first documented placement of a GPS-located cache took place on May 3, 2000, by Dave Ulmer of [Beavercreek, Oregon](/wiki/Beavercreek,_Oregon "Beavercreek, Oregon").[\[11\]](#cite_note-11) The location was posted on the [Usenet](/wiki/Usenet "Usenet") [newsgroup](/wiki/Newsgroup "Newsgroup") sci.geo.satellite-nav[\[12\]](#cite_note-Ulmer-12) at [45°17.460′N122°24.800′W﻿ / ﻿45.291000°N 122.413333°W﻿ / 45.291000; -122.413333](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geocaching&params=45_17.460_N_122_24.800_W_region:US-OR_type:landmark). Within three days, the cache had been found twice, first by Mike Teague.[\[13\]](#cite_note-13) According to Dave Ulmer's message, this cache was a black plastic bucket that was partially buried and contained software, videos, books, money, a can of [beans](/wiki/Baked_beans "Baked beans"), and a [slingshot](/wiki/Slingshot "Slingshot").[\[12\]](#cite_note-Ulmer-12) The geocache and most of its contents were eventually destroyed by a [lawn mower](/wiki/Lawn_mower "Lawn mower"); the can of beans was the only item salvaged and was turned into a [trackable item](/wiki/Trackable "Trackable") called the "Original Can of Beans".[\[14\]](#cite_note-Geocaching.com-2003-14)[\[15\]](#cite_note-15) Another geocache and plaque, called the Original Stash Tribute Plaque, now sits at the site.[\[14\]](#cite_note-Geocaching.com-2003-14)

Geocaching company Groundspeak allows extraterrestrial caches, e.g. the [Moon](/wiki/Moon "Moon") or [Mars](/wiki/Mars "Mars"), although presently, the website provides only earthbound coordinates. The first published extraterrestrial geocache was GC1BE91, which was placed on the [International Space Station](/wiki/International_Space_Station "International Space Station") by [Richard Garriott](/wiki/Richard_Garriott "Richard Garriott") in 2008.[\[16\]](#cite_note-16) It used the [Baikonur](/wiki/Baikonur "Baikonur") launch area in [Kazakhstan](/wiki/Kazakhstan "Kazakhstan") as its position.[\[17\]](#cite_note-17) The original cache contained a [Travel Bug](/wiki/Travel_Bug "Travel Bug") (the first geocaching trackable item in space), which stayed on the station until it was brought back to earth in 2013. Due to fire restrictions on board the station, the geocache contained no official paper logbook. As of June 2024, only one confirmed geocacher (on November 17, 2013) has actually found the geocache,[\[18\]](#cite_note-18) although others have claimed to have found it providing varying amounts of evidence. To commemorate the occasion, Groundspeak allowed specialized geocaching events to be published across the world, allowing attendees to obtain a virtual souvenir on their profile.

The second geocaching trackable in space is TB5EFXK[\[19\]](#cite_note-19) which is attached to the SHERLOC calibration target on board the [Mars Perseverance Rover](/wiki/Mars_Perseverance_Rover "Mars Perseverance Rover"), which landed on [Mars](/wiki/Mars "Mars") on 18 February 2021.[\[20\]](#cite_note-20) Geocachers were given the opportunity to virtually discover the trackable after the WATSON camera sent back its first photographs of the calibration target that contained the tracking code number. The code is printed on a prototype helmet visor material that will be used to test how well it can withstand the Martian environment. This will help scientists in creating a viable Martian spacesuit for future crewed missions to [Mars](/wiki/Mars "Mars"). \[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

The activity was originally referred to as the _GPS stash hunt_ or _gpsstashing._ This was changed shortly after the original hide when it was suggested in the gpsstash [eGroup](/wiki/EGroups "EGroups") that "stash" could have negative connotations and the term _geocaching_ was adopted.[\[21\]](#cite_note-21)

Over time, a variety of different hide-and-seek-type activities have been created or abandoned, so that "Geocaching" may now refer to hiding and seeking containers, or locations or information without containers.[\[22\]](#cite_note-22)

An independent accounting of the early history documents several controversial actions taken by Jeremy Irish and Grounded, Inc., a predecessor to Groundspeak, to increase "commercialization and monopolistic control over the hobby".[\[23\]](#cite_note-23) More recently, other similar hobbies such as [Munzee](/wiki/Munzee "Munzee") have attracted some geocachers by rapidly adopting smart-phone technology, which has caused "some resistance from geocaching organizers about placing caches along with Munzees".[\[24\]](#cite_note-24)

## Geocaches

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Geocaches")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Classic_Geocache.jpg/220px-Classic_Geocache.jpg)](/wiki/File:Classic_Geocache.jpg) A geocache consisting of an ammo can with various trade items and a logbook[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Contents_of_a_Geocache.jpg/220px-Contents_of_a_Geocache.jpg)](/wiki/File:Contents_of_a_Geocache.jpg) Contents of a geocache[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/A_message_from_under_the_stone_on_the_Hill_of_Fare_-_geograph.org.uk_-_413840.jpg/220px-A_message_from_under_the_stone_on_the_Hill_of_Fare_-_geograph.org.uk_-_413840.jpg)](/wiki/File:A_message_from_under_the_stone_on_the_Hill_of_Fare_-_geograph.org.uk_-_413840.jpg) An information card explaining geocaching to accidental discoverers

For the traditional geocache, a geocacher will place a waterproof container containing a log book, often also a pen and/or pencil and trade items or [trackables](/wiki/Travel_Bug "Travel Bug"), then record the cache's [coordinates](/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system "Geographic coordinate system"). These coordinates, along with other details of the location, are posted on a listing site (see list of some sites below). Other geocachers obtain the coordinates from that listing site and seek out the cache using their handheld GPS receivers.[\[7\]](#cite_note-Thomas-2010-7) The finding geocachers record their exploits in the logbook and online, but then must return the cache to the same coordinates so that other geocachers may find it. Geocachers are free to take objects (except the logbook, pencil, or stamp) from the cache in exchange for leaving something of similar or higher value.[\[25\]](#cite_note-Countryfile_Magazine-2015-25)

Typical cache "treasures", also known in the geocaching world as SWAG (a [backronym](/wiki/Backronym "Backronym") of "stuff we all get"),[\[26\]](#cite_note-Geocaching-26)[\[27\]](#cite_note-27) are not high in monetary value but may hold personal value to the finder.[\[25\]](#cite_note-Countryfile_Magazine-2015-25) Aside from the logbook, common cache contents are unusual [coins](/wiki/Coin "Coin") or [currency](/wiki/Currency "Currency"), small toys, ornamental buttons, CDs, or books. Although not required, many geocachers decide to leave behind signature items, such as personal [geocoins](/wiki/Geocoin "Geocoin"), pins, or craft items, to mark their presence at the cache location.[\[26\]](#cite_note-Geocaching-26) [Disposable cameras](/wiki/Disposable_camera "Disposable camera") are popular as they allow for anyone who found the cache to take a picture which can be developed and uploaded to a geocaching web site listed below.[\[28\]](#cite_note-28) Also common are objects that are moved from cache to cache called "hitchhikers", such as [Travel Bugs](/wiki/Travel_Bug "Travel Bug") or geocoins, whose travels may be logged and followed online.[\[29\]](#cite_note-29) Cachers who initially place a Travel Bug or Geocoin(s) often assign specific goals for their trackable items. Examples of goals are to be placed in a certain cache a long distance from home, or to travel to a certain country, or to travel faster and farther than other hitchhikers in a race. Less common trends are site-specific information pages about the historic significance of the site, types of trees, birds in the area or other such information. Higher-value items are occasionally included in geocaches as a reward for the First to Find (called "FTF"), or in locations which are harder to reach.

Dangerous or illegal items, including weapons and drugs, are not allowed and are specifically against the rules of most geocache listing sites. Food is also disallowed, even if sealed, as it is considered unhygienic and can attract animals.

If a geocache has been vandalized or stolen by a person who is not familiar with geocaching, it is said to have been "muggled".[\[30\]](#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](#cite_note-31) The term plays off the fact that those not familiar with geocaching are called " [muggles](/wiki/Muggle "Muggle")", a word borrowed from the _[Harry Potter](/wiki/Harry_Potter "Harry Potter")_ series of books which were rising in popularity at the same time geocaching started.[\[26\]](#cite_note-Geocaching-26)

### Variations

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Variations")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NASA_geoart.jpg/220px-NASA_geoart.jpg)](/wiki/File:NASA_geoart.jpg) Called GeoArt, these geocaches are placed to form a picture of the [Space Shuttle](/wiki/Space_Shuttle "Space Shuttle") lying on the [Johnson Space Center](/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center "Johnson Space Center") in Houston, Texas.

Geocaches vary in size, difficulty, and location. Simple caches that are placed near a roadside are often called "drive-bys", "park 'n grabs" (PNGs), or "cache and dash". Geocaches may also be complex, involving lengthy searches, significant travel, or use of specialist equipment such as [SCUBA diving](/wiki/SCUBA_diving "SCUBA diving"), [kayaking](/wiki/Kayaking "Kayaking"), or [abseiling](/wiki/Abseiling "Abseiling"). Different geocaching websites list different variations per their own policies.

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Geocache_containers_range.jpg/220px-Geocache_containers_range.jpg)](/wiki/File:Geocache_containers_range.jpg) Geocaches come in a range of sizes. Top: a [magnetic nano](/wiki/Magnetic_nano "Magnetic nano") geocache in the [City of London](/wiki/City_of_London "City of London").

Bottom: a large bucket geocache in the [Czech Republic](/wiki/Czech_Republic "Czech Republic").

Container sizes range from _nano_, particularly [_magnetic nanos_](/wiki/Magnetic_nano "Magnetic nano"), which can be smaller than the tip of a finger and have only enough room to store the log sheet, to 20-liter (5 gallon) buckets or even larger containers, such as entire trucks.[\[32\]](#cite_note-32) The most common cache containers in rural areas are lunch-box-sized plastic storage containers or surplus military ammunition cans. [Ammo cans](/wiki/Ammunition_box "Ammunition box") are considered the gold standard of containers because they are very sturdy, waterproof, animal- and fire-resistant, and relatively cheap, and have plenty of room for trade items. Smaller containers are more common in urban areas because they can be more easily hidden.

### Geocache types

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Geocache types")\]

Over time many variations of geocaches have developed. Different platforms often have their own rules on which types are allowed or how they are classified. The following cache types are supported by geocaching.com.

#### Traditional cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Traditional cache")\]

The simplest form of a geocache. It consists of a container with a log sheet, and is located at the posted coordinates. Cache containers come in many different sizes.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33)

##### Night cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Night cache")\]

These caches are intended to be found at night, usually by use of a UV torch.[\[34\]](#cite_note-34)

#### Multi-cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Multi-cache")\]

These caches include at least one stage in addition to the physical final container with a log sheet. The posted coordinates for a multi-cache are the first stage. At each stage, the geocacher gathers information that leads them to the next stage or to the final container.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33)[\[35\]](#cite_note-Cache_Parameters-35) Multi-caches can consist of physical stages (i.e. the first stage contains coordinates for the next stage and so forth) or virtual stages (i.e. the first stage is a [historical marker](/wiki/Commemorative_plaque "Commemorative plaque") where geocachers have to answer questions to calculate the coordinates to the final physical container).

#### Mystery cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Mystery cache")\]

Also called a 'puzzle cache', players might need to solve a puzzle or bring a special tool to reveal the next waypoint or final coordinates. Most often, the final container is not at the posted coordinates which is noted in the cache description.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33) Some puzzles can be easy and involve basic math [operations](/wiki/Operation_(mathematics) "Operation (mathematics)") or they can be quite difficult, with some of the more challenging ones requiring a firm understanding of [computer programming](/wiki/Computer_programming "Computer programming"). Geocaching Toolbox, a website dedicated to create and solve puzzle geocaches, provides a comprehensive list of common puzzle cache ciphers.

There are also some subcategories of the mystery cache, which are normally listed as a Mystery Type, which are listed below.

##### Challenge cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Challenge cache")\]

This requires a geocacher to complete a reasonably attainable geocaching-related task before being able to log the cache as a find online.[\[36\]](#cite_note-challenge-36) It does not restrict _geocachers_ from finding the cache and signing the logbook at anytime. However a geocacher is not allowed to log a find on the geocaching website unless they qualify for the challenge specified in the cache description. Examples include finding a number of caches that meet a category, completing a number of cache finds within a period of time, or finding a cache for every calendar day.

Since 2017, Groundspeak has required new challenges to have a _geochecker_ in which users can put their name into an algorithm to see if they qualify without the need of physically checking all of one's previous finds. These _geocheckers_ can be requested using the ProjectGC forums where volunteers can write and create scripts for specific challenges.[\[37\]](#cite_note-37) Groundspeak also has been more strict into what types of challenges are published. For example, prior to 2017 it was possible to create a challenge cache to find 10 caches that have a food item in the title. Under current guidelines, this is no longer allowed because it restricts geocachers to find specific geocaches. Instead, Groundspeak has encouraged new challenges to be more creative. Acceptable challenges include finding caches in 10 states, finding 100 traditional geocaches, or finding 1000 geocaches with the "wheelchair accessible" attribute. [\[36\]](#cite_note-challenge-36)

##### Bonus cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Bonus cache")\]

A bonus cache requires the finder to have found an amount of caches, usually by the same hider, before finding the bonus cache. The cache can be any type, however a bonus cache cannot be required for a second bonus cache.[\[38\]](#cite_note-38)

##### Moving or travelling cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Moving or travelling cache")\]

These were found at a listed set of coordinates. The finder hides the cache in a different location, and updates the listing, essentially becoming the hider, and the next finder continues the cycle. This cache has been discontinued at geocaching.com and those that have been grandfathered in are solely declining and are being archived.[\[35\]](#cite_note-Cache_Parameters-35)[\[39\]](#cite_note-39)

##### Chirp cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Chirp cache")\]

Also known as a **wireless beacon cache**. This is a [Garmin](/wiki/Garmin "Garmin")-created innovative on multi-caches using wireless beacon technology. It is a physical game piece, about the size of a half dollar that can be hidden anywhere. Powered by a small battery, it is able to transmit a signal detectable on [Garmin](/wiki/Garmin "Garmin") devices. The Chirp stores hints, multicache coordinates, counts visitors, and can confirms the cache is nearby.[\[40\]](#cite_note-40)[\[41\]](#cite_note-41) These caches caused considerable discussion and some controversy at Groundspeak, where they were ultimately given a new "attribute".[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33)[\[42\]](#cite_note-42) These types of geocaches can also be listed as a traditional, multi-cache, or letterbox. It is up to the cache owner to designated the cache type for wireless beacon caches.

#### Geocaching HQ geocache (GCK25B)

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Geocaching HQ geocache (GCK25B)")\]

This is an official geocache located inside the Groundspeak headquarters office in [Seattle, Washington](/wiki/Seattle,_Washington "Seattle, Washington"). It is technically classified as a separate cache type under mystery caches, with its own unique icon both on the geocaching app and on one's profile statistics tab. Since publication in 2004, it has over 20,000 finds as of June 2024.[\[43\]](#cite_note-43)

#### Wherigo cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: Wherigo cache")\]

A multi-stage cache hunt that uses a Wherigo "cartridge" to guide players to find a physical cache sometime during cartridge play, usually at the end. However, not all Wherigo cartridges incorporate geocaches into gameplay. Wherigo caches are unique to the geocaching.com website.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33) Wherigo is a [GPS](/wiki/GPS "GPS") location-aware software platform initially released in January 2008. Authors can develop self-enclosed story files (called "cartridges") that are read by the Wherigo player software, installed on either a GPS unit or smartphone. The player and story take advantage of the location information provided by the GPS to trigger in-game events, such as using a virtual object or interacting with characters. Completing an adventure can require reaching different locations and solving puzzles. Cartridges are coded in [Lua](/wiki/Lua_(programming_language) "Lua (programming language)"). Lua may be used directly, but a builder application is usually used. The Wherigo site[\[44\]](#cite_note-Wherigo_website-44) offers a builder application and a database of adventures free for download, though the builder has remained in its Alpha version since its last release in May 2008.[\[45\]](#cite_note-builder-45) The official player is only available for [Pocket PC](/wiki/Pocket_PC "Pocket PC"). A built-in player is available on [Garmin](/wiki/Garmin "Garmin") Colorado and Oregon GPS models. The Wherigo Foundation[\[46\]](#cite_note-Wherigo_Foundation-46) was organized in December 2012. The group is composed of all Wherigo application developers who, up until that time, had been acting and developing separately. Their goal is to provide a consistent Wherigo experience across platforms, connect Wherigo applications via an [API](/wiki/API "API"), and add modern features to the Wherigo platform. While Groundspeak is aware of this project, the company has yet to take a position.

##### Reverse Wherigo

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: Reverse Wherigo")\]

An RWIG provides three lines of code composed of 9 digits each that a player can type into the RWIG cartridge. Instead of following a story or interacting with characters, and RWIG gives you the distance to the final cache, but not direction. It requires geocachers to get closer to the final geocache by process of elimination. Once you are within 25 yards, the final coordinates are given to provide a more accurate location for the geocache\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

#### Letterbox hybrid

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: Letterbox hybrid")\]

This is a combination of a geocache and a [letterbox](/wiki/Letterboxing_(hobby) "Letterboxing (hobby)") in the same container. A letterbox has a rubber stamp and a logbook instead of tradable items. Letterboxers carry their own stamp with them, to stamp the letterbox's log book and inversely stamp their personal log book with the letterbox stamp. The hybrid cache contains the important materials for this and may or may not include trade items.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33)[\[35\]](#cite_note-Cache_Parameters-35) Typically, Letterboxes are not found at the given coordinates which only act as a starting location. Instead, a series of clues are given as to where to find the cache such as "take a left past the bridge" or "about 25 paces past the big oak tree".

#### Project A.P.E. cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: Project A.P.E. cache")\]

(Also simply **Ape caches**) These are a special type of traditional cache that were hidden in conjunction with [20th Century Fox](/wiki/20th_Century_Fox "20th Century Fox") and Groundspeak to promote the 2001 remake of [Planet of the Apes](/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes "Planet of the Apes"). There were 14 APE geocaches placed around the world and each one contained a prop from the film. As of 2023, only 2 APE caches are still active with one near [Seattle, Washington](/wiki/Seattle,_Washington "Seattle, Washington") ('Tunnel of Light', GC1169) and the other in [Brazil](/wiki/Brazil "Brazil") ('Southern Bowl', GCC67). Of those two, the Brazil APE cache is the only surviving original APE cache because GC1169 was muggled in 2016. However, the original container was later found by a Groundspeak led survey in April of that year. What remains of "Tunnel of Light" is an "official" replacement of the original ammo can that was left in 2001.[\[47\]](#cite_note-47)

#### Virtual cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: Virtual cache")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Virtual_Cache.JPG/220px-Virtual_Cache.JPG)](/wiki/File:Virtual_Cache.JPG) A geocacher finding a virtual cache at [McMurdo Station](/wiki/McMurdo_Station "McMurdo Station"), [Antarctica](/wiki/Antarctica "Antarctica")

This cache type does not contain a physical logbook. They are normally hidden at a rather interesting or unique location, usually with a described object such as an art sculpture or a scenic lookout. Validation for finding a virtual cache generally requires one to email the cache hider with information such as a date or a name on a plaque, or to post a picture of oneself at the site with a GPS receiver in hand.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33) As of 2005, new virtual caches are no longer allowed by Groundspeak as it is considered a legacy cache.[\[48\]](#cite_note-geocaching.com-48)

On August 24, 2017, Groundspeak announced "Virtual Rewards", allowing 4000 new virtual caches to be placed during the following year.[\[49\]](#cite_note-49) Each year, eligible geocachers can opt-in to a drawing and some selected with the opportunity to submit a virtual cache for publication. From 2005 to 2017, the geocaching website no longer listed new caches without a physical container, including virtual and webcam caches (with the exception of earthcaches and events); however, older caches of these types have been [grandfathered](/wiki/Grandfather_clause "Grandfather clause").

#### EarthCache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: EarthCache")\]

Similar to virtual geocaches, an Earth cache is published not by a local reviewer, but by a volunteer regional reviewer associated with the [Geological Society of America](/wiki/Geological_Society_of_America "Geological Society of America"). The geocacher usually has to perform a task which teaches an education lesson about the geology of the cache area.[\[50\]](#cite_note-50)[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33) Visitors must answer geological questions to complete the cache which can be as simple as describing the color and thickness of layers in an [outcrop](/wiki/Outcrop "Outcrop") or can be as complicated as taking measurements of stream velocities or fault offsets. Earthcaches covers geologic topics such as: [rock formation](/wiki/Petrology "Petrology"), [mineralogy](/wiki/Mineralogy "Mineralogy"), [earthquakes](/wiki/Geophysics "Geophysics"), [fluvial processes](/wiki/Fluvial_processes "Fluvial processes"), [erosion](/wiki/Erosion "Erosion"), [volcanology](/wiki/Volcanology "Volcanology"), and [planetary science](/wiki/Planetary_science "Planetary science") (among others).

#### Locationless cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=20 "Edit section: Locationless cache")\]

Otherwise known as a Reverse cache, a locationless cache is similar to a [scavenger hunt](/wiki/Scavenger_hunt "Scavenger hunt"). A description is given for something to find, such as a one-room schoolhouse, and the finder locates an example of this object. The finder records the location using their GPS receiver and often takes a picture at the location showing the named object with their GPS receiver. Typically others are not allowed to log that same location as a find.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33)

Since 2005, all locationless caches have been archived and locked, meaning they are unable to be logged. However, with geocaching's 20th anniversary in 2020 Groundspeak decided to publish a special locationless cache for geocachers to "find" at various Mega- and Giga-Events around the world. The first locationless cache in 15 years (GC8FR0G) required finders to take a picture of themselves with the geocaching mascot, Signal the Frog, at Mega- and Giga-Events during 2020. The cache was made available to log starting 1 January 2020. However, because of the [COVID-19 pandemic](/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), nearly all planned Mega- and Giga-events were cancelled for the year, including the planned 20th anniversary celebration event in [Seattle, Washington](/wiki/Seattle,_Washington "Seattle, Washington"). Therefore, Groundspeak decided to extend the deadline to log this geocache through 1 January 2023. With 22,500 finds it is the second most logged geocache in history.

The second published locationless cache since 2005 (GC8NEAT) required visitors to take a photo of them picking up trash and cleaning up their local area. geocachers were able to log this cache from 6 February 2021 through 31 December 2022. It has been logged over 33,500 times and holds the title for the most "found" geocache. On 17 August 2022, Geocaching.com made available the third locationless cache to be logged since 2005 (GC9FAVE). Instead of finding Signal or picking up trash, this cache encouraged geocachers from around the world to share their favorite geocaching story. This geocache was archived and locked on 1 January 2024.

#### Webcam cache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=21 "Edit section: Webcam cache")\]

A type of virtual cache whose coordinates provide the location to a public [webcam](/wiki/Webcam "Webcam"). The finder is required to capture an image of themselves through the webcam for verification of the find.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33) New webcam caches are no longer allowed by Groundspeak as it is a legacy cache.[\[48\]](#cite_note-geocaching.com-48) Webcam caches are a category at Waymarking.com.

#### Adventure Lab

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=22 "Edit section: Adventure Lab")\]

A type of virtual cache that typically consists of a set of 5 waypoints, with each waypoint counting as a "cache find". The waypoints usually have an overall theme such showcasing the history of a small town and are often created as a walking tour of a city or park. An example would be [Route 66](/wiki/Route_66 "Route 66") or the [Lincoln Highway](/wiki/Lincoln_Highway "Lincoln Highway"), which are a nationwide series of Adventure Lab sets of 10 that stretch the entire route across the [United States](/wiki/United_States "United States").[\[51\]](#cite_note-51)

Adventure labs were first introduced in 2014 as a way to test market ideas through Groundspeak. Initially, geocachers would find a key word at a designated site where they could then enter it onto a website to claim "credit". Soon after, they were made available to "find" at select Mega-Events. In 2020, Groundspeak released the "Adventure Lab" app, separate from the geocaching app. The app made it possible to enter a [geo-fence](/wiki/Geo-fence "Geo-fence") when, once inside, a question will appear that can be answered either in the form of a written answer or a multiple choice answer. This question can be answered at anytime once activated, however, some Adventure Labs must be completed sequentially implying that one must answer the question to move on to the next waypoint.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

Many Adventure Labs caches have a physical bonus cache associated with them that are listed as a "mystery cache". Coordinates to the bonus cache, if applicable, can be seen in the journal entries once a user has correctly answered the question at a waypoint.

Geocachers can create their own Adventure Lab, but must first opt-in to receive an "Adventure Lab credit" which allows for the creation of 1 set of 5 waypoints, with each of the 5 waypoints counting towards a cache find. If selected, Adventure Labs can be created using the Adventure Lab builder.[\[52\]](#cite_note-52) Adventure Labs, unlike all other geocaches, are not subject to review and are published at will by the creator. However, Adventure Labs can at anytime be archived by Groundspeak if they are in violation of terms of use. For example, placing an Adventure Lab in a place that requires people to pay a fee to visit such as airports or theme parks may get the Adventure permanently removed from the Adventure Lab app.[\[53\]](#cite_note-53)

#### Event caches

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=23 "Edit section: Event caches")\]

There are several kinds of events geocaches. While encouraged, events do not require visitors to sign their name a logbook to prove they attended an event. Attendees of event caches can log that they 'attended', which will increment their number of found caches. Event caches can be of the following types:

- **Event:** An event cache is a gathering of local geocachers or geocaching organizations. The event cache page specifies a time for the event and provides coordinates to its location.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33) Event caches have to be longer than 30 minutes, and can publish no less than 14 days away from the planned event date. Event caches typically last from 1 to 2 hours.
- **Cache-In Trash-Out Event (CITO):** is an environmental initiative to clean up and preserve the natural areas that geocachers frequent. These events are gatherings of the geocaching community that can focus on services like litter clean-up, removal of invasive species, planting trees and vegetation, and trail building.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33) CITO events must be no less than 2 hours long. Just like event caches, CITOs have to be published no less than 14 days prior to the date of the CITO. CITO typically last from 2 to 4 hours.
- **Mega-Event:** Just like an event cache, however it has to consist of 500 or more geocachers. Mega events are typically organized by a local geocache organizations in conjunction with local municipalities and promotion from Groundspeak. Often, mega events last an entire day and have various activities planned in the days before, during, and after the main Mega-Event. These activities can range in raffles and silent auctions, of which funds help offset the costs of organizing such an event, photo ops with Signal the Frog, a plethora of new geocaches, and panels with local geocachers, lackeys (Groundspeak employees), and reviewers. Mega-Events often have vendors where people can purchase geocoins, cache containers, and food.
- **Giga-Event:** Just like an event cache, however it has to consist of 5,000 or more geocachers. Like a Mega-Event, Giga-Events offer a plethora of actives and are typically held in large areas to accommodate such crowds. Activities typically include a GPS Adventures Maze, panels, vendors, live music, and carnival rides. Usually the week before and after are filled with smaller gatherings which attracts geocachers from around the world who often make a vacation out of it.
- **GPS Adventures Maze Exhibit:** The GPS Adventures Maze is a traveling exhibit designed to teach people of all ages about GPS technology and geocaching through interactive science experiences. It may accompany a Mega- or Giga-Event. These "events" have their own cache type on geocaching.com and often include many non-geocachers.[\[33\]](#cite_note-geo_types-33)
- **Community Celebration Event (CCE):** A type of event that is meant to celebrate the 10th and 20th anniversary of geocaching. First issued in 2010 as "Lost and Found" events, geocachers could host one to celebrate the 10 year anniversary of geocaching. In preparation for the 20th anniversary in 2020, Lost and Found events were rebranded as Community Celebration Events. Geocachers could opt-in to receive a CCE credit to host. Due to the [Covid-19 Pandemic](/wiki/Covid-19_Pandemic "Covid-19 Pandemic"), Groundspeak allowed CCEs to be hosted until 31 December 2022. Geocaching HQ will be allowing geocachers to host CCEs in 2025, assuming they meet specific criteria.
- **Geocaching HQ Block Party:** Hosted at Geocaching HQ, a Geocaching HQ Block party is hosted at significant milestones for Geocaching's years of existence.

## Technology

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=24 "Edit section: Technology")\]

### Obtaining data

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=25 "Edit section: Obtaining data")\]

GPX files containing information such as a cache description and information about recent visitors to the cache are available from various listing sites. Geocachers may upload geocache data (also known as [waypoints](/wiki/Waypoint "Waypoint")) from various websites in various formats, most commonly in file-type [GPX](/wiki/GPX_(data_transfer) "GPX (data transfer)"), which uses [XML](/wiki/XML "XML").[\[54\]](#cite_note-54) Some websites allow geocachers to search (build queries) for multiple caches within a geographic area based on criteria such as [ZIP code](/wiki/ZIP_code "ZIP code") or [coordinates](/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system "Geographic coordinate system"), downloading the results as an email attachment on a schedule. In recent years, Android and iPhone users can download apps such as GeoBeagle[\[55\]](#cite_note-55) that allow them to use their 3G and GPS-enabled devices to actively search for and download new caches.[\[56\]](#cite_note-56)[\[57\]](#cite_note-57)

### Converting and filtering data

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=26 "Edit section: Converting and filtering data")\]

A variety of geocaching applications are available for geocache data management, file-type translation, and personalization. Geocaching [software](/wiki/Software "Software") can assign special icons or search (filter) for caches based on certain criteria (e.g. distance from an assigned point, difficulty, date last found).

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/GeoCache_and_GPSr.jpg/220px-GeoCache_and_GPSr.jpg)](/wiki/File:GeoCache_and_GPSr.jpg) Coordinates for a geocache can be downloaded onto a GPS receiver and found, without the need for a printout.

**Paperless geocaching** means hunting a geocache without a physical printout of the cache description. Traditionally, this means that the seeker has an electronic means of viewing the cache information in the field, such as pre-downloading the information to a [PDA](/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant "Personal digital assistant") or other electronic device. Various applications can directly upload and read [GPX](/wiki/GPS_eXchange_Format "GPS eXchange Format") files without further conversion. Newer GPS devices released by [Garmin](/wiki/Garmin "Garmin"), [DeLorme](/wiki/DeLorme "DeLorme"), and [Magellan](/wiki/Magellan_Navigation "Magellan Navigation") have the ability to read GPX files directly, thus eliminating the need for a [PDA](/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant "Personal digital assistant").[\[58\]](#cite_note-58) Other methods include viewing real-time information on a portable computer with internet access or with an Internet-enabled smart phone. The latest advancement of this practice involves installing dedicated applications on a smart phone with a built-in GPS receiver. Seekers can search for and download caches in their immediate vicinity directly to the application and use the on-board GPS receiver to find the cache.

A more controversial version of paperless Caching involves mass-downloading only the coordinates and cache names (or waypoint IDs) for hundreds of caches into older receivers. This is a common practice of some cachers and has been used successfully for years. In many cases, however, the cache description and hint are never read by the seeker before hunting the cache. This means they are unaware of potential restrictions such as limited hunt times, park open/close times, off-limit areas, and suggested parking locations.

### Mobile devices

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=27 "Edit section: Mobile devices")\]

The website geocaching.com[\[59\]](#cite_note-59) now sells mobile applications which allow users to view caches through a variety of different devices. Currently, the [Android](/wiki/Android_(operating_system) "Android (operating system)"), [iOS](/wiki/IOS "IOS"), and [Windows Phone](/wiki/Windows_Phone "Windows Phone") mobile platforms have applications in their respective stores. The apps also allow for a trial version with limited functionality. The site promotes mobile applications, and lists over two dozen applications (both mobile and browser/desktop based) that are using their [proprietary](/wiki/Proprietary_software "Proprietary software") but [royalty-free](/wiki/Royalty-free "Royalty-free") public application programming interface ( [API](/wiki/API "API")).[\[60\]](#cite_note-60) Developers at c:geo have criticised Groundspeak for being incompatible with open-source development.[\[61\]](#cite_note-61)

Additionally, "c:geo - opensource"[\[62\]](#cite_note-62) is a free opensource full function application for Android phones that is very popular.[\[63\]](#cite_note-63)[\[64\]](#cite_note-64)[\[65\]](#cite_note-65)[\[66\]](#cite_note-66) This app includes similar features to the official Geocaching mobile application, such as: View caches on a live map ( [Google Maps](/wiki/Google_Maps_(app) "Google Maps (app)") or OpenStreetMap), navigation using a compass, map, or other applications, logging finds online and offline, etc.[\[67\]](#cite_note-67)

Geocaching enthusiasts have also made their own hand-held GPS devices using a [Lego Mindstorms NXT](/wiki/Lego_Mindstorms_NXT "Lego Mindstorms NXT") GPS sensor.[\[68\]](#cite_note-68)[\[69\]](#cite_note-69)

## Ethics

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=28 "Edit section: Ethics")\]

Geocache listing websites have their own guidelines for acceptable geocache publications. Government agencies and others responsible for public use of land often publish guidelines for geocaching, and a "Geocacher's Creed" posted on the Internet asks participants to "avoid causing disruptions or public alarm".[\[70\]](#cite_note-WP070927-70)[\[71\]](#cite_note-71) Generally accepted rules are to not endanger others, to minimize the impact on nature, to respect [private property](/wiki/Private_property "Private property"), and to avoid public alarm.

## Reception

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=29 "Edit section: Reception")\]

The reception from authorities and the general public outside geocache participants has been mixed.

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Shambles%2C_Wetherby_-_geograph.org.uk_-_348639.jpg/220px-The_Shambles%2C_Wetherby_-_geograph.org.uk_-_348639.jpg)](/wiki/File:The_Shambles,_Wetherby_-_geograph.org.uk_-_348639.jpg) The Shambles, a road in [Wetherby](/wiki/Wetherby "Wetherby"), [Yorkshire](/wiki/Yorkshire "Yorkshire"), England, was the site of a controlled explosion on a geocache container in 2011 which was mistakenly perceived to be a bomb.

Cachers have been approached by [police](/wiki/Police "Police") and questioned when they were seen as acting suspiciously.[\[72\]](#cite_note-72)[\[73\]](#cite_note-73)[\[74\]](#cite_note-Dahlberg-2011-74) Other times, investigation of a cache location after suspicious activity was reported has resulted in police and [bomb squad](/wiki/Bomb_disposal "Bomb disposal") discovery of the geocache,[\[75\]](#cite_note-75) such as the evacuation of a busy street in [Wetherby](/wiki/Wetherby "Wetherby"), [Yorkshire](/wiki/Yorkshire "Yorkshire"), England in 2011,[\[76\]](#cite_note-Savage-2011-76) and a street in [Alvaston](/wiki/Alvaston "Alvaston"), [Derby](/wiki/Derby "Derby") in 2020.[\[77\]](#cite_note-77)

Schools have been evacuated when a cache has been seen by teachers or police, such as the case of [Fairview High School](/wiki/Fairview_High_School_(Boulder,_Colorado) "Fairview High School (Boulder, Colorado)") in [Boulder, Colorado](/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado "Boulder, Colorado") in 2009.[\[78\]](#cite_note-Mike_Vogel-78) A number of caches have been destroyed by bomb squads.[\[76\]](#cite_note-Savage-2011-76)[\[79\]](#cite_note-79)[\[80\]](#cite_note-The_Deseret_News-2005-80)[\[81\]](#cite_note-81)[\[82\]](#cite_note-82) Diverse locations, from rural cemeteries to [Disneyland](/wiki/Disneyland "Disneyland"), have been locked down as a result of such scares.[\[83\]](#cite_note-83)[\[84\]](#cite_note-84)

The placement of geocaches has occasional critics among some government personnel and the public at large, who consider it [Littering](/wiki/Littering "Littering").[\[85\]](#cite_note-Backpacker-2008-85)[\[86\]](#cite_note-86) Some geocachers act to mitigate this perception by picking up litter while they search for geocaches, a practice referred to in the community as "Cache In Trash Out".[\[87\]](#cite_note-87)[\[85\]](#cite_note-Backpacker-2008-85) Events and caches are often organized revolving around this practice, with many areas seeing significant cleanup that would otherwise not take place, or would instead require federal, state, or local funds to accomplish. Geocachers are also encouraged to clean up after themselves by retrieving old containers once a cache has been removed from play.

Geocaching is legal in most countries and is usually positively received when explained to law enforcement officials.[\[88\]](#cite_note-88)[\[74\]](#cite_note-Dahlberg-2011-74) However, certain types of placements can be problematic. Although generally disallowed, hiders could place caches on private property without adequate permission (intentionally or otherwise), which encourages cache finders to trespass. Historic buildings and structures have also been damaged by geocachers, who have wrongly believed the geocache can be/has been placed within, or on the roof of, the buildings.[\[89\]](#cite_note-89)
Caches might also be hidden in places where the act of searching can make a finder look suspicious (e.g., near schools, children's playgrounds, banks, courthouses, or in residential neighborhoods), or where the container placement could be mistaken for a [drug](/wiki/Drug "Drug") stash or a [bomb](/wiki/Bomb "Bomb") (especially in urban settings, under bridges,[\[90\]](#cite_note-90) near banks, courthouses, or embassies). As a result, geocachers are strongly advised to label their geocaches when possible, so that they are not mistaken for a harmful object if discovered by non-geocachers.[\[80\]](#cite_note-The_Deseret_News-2005-80)[\[91\]](#cite_note-91)

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Geocache.jpg/220px-Geocache.jpg)](/wiki/File:Geocache.jpg) A geocache that has been clearly labelled, in order to clarify that the container is harmless, intending to reduce alarm if it is accidentally discovered

As well as concerns about littering and bomb threats, some geocachers have hidden their caches in inappropriate locations, such as electrical boxes, which may encourage risky behavior, especially by children. Hides in these areas are discouraged,[\[78\]](#cite_note-Mike_Vogel-78) and cache listing websites enforce guidelines that disallow certain types of placements. However, as cache reviewers typically cannot see exactly where and how every cache is hidden, problematic hides can slip through. Ultimately it is also up to cache finders to use discretion when attempting to search for a cache, and report any problems.

### Laws and legislation

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=30 "Edit section: Laws and legislation")\]

Regional rules for placement of caches have become complex. For example, in Virginia, the Virginia Department of Transportation and the Wildlife Management Agency now forbids the placement of geocaches on all land controlled by those agencies. Some cities, towns, and recreation areas allow geocaches with few or no restrictions, but others require compliance with lengthy permitting procedures.[\[92\]](#cite_note-92)

The [South Carolina House of Representatives](/wiki/South_Carolina_House_of_Representatives "South Carolina House of Representatives") passed Bill 3777[\[93\]](#cite_note-93) in 2005, stating, "It is unlawful for a person to engage in the activity of Geocaching or letterboxing in a cemetery or in a historic or archaeological site or property publicly identified by a historical marker without the express written consent of the owner or entity which oversees that cemetery site or property." The bill was referred to committee on first reading in the Senate and has been there ever since.[\[94\]](#cite_note-94)

The [Illinois Department of Natural Resources](/wiki/Illinois_Department_of_Natural_Resources "Illinois Department of Natural Resources") requires geocachers who wish to place a geocache at any Illinois state park to submit the location on a USGS 7.5 minute topographical map, the name and contact information of the person(s) wishing to place the geocache, a list of the original items to be included in the geocache, and a picture of the container that is to be placed.[\[95\]](#cite_note-95)

In April 2020, during the [COVID-19 pandemic](/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), the [township](/wiki/Township_(Canada) "Township (Canada)") of [Highlands East](/wiki/Highlands_East,_Ontario "Highlands East, Ontario"), [Ontario](/wiki/Ontario "Ontario"), [Canada](/wiki/Canada "Canada") temporarily banned geocaching, over concerns that geocache containers could not be properly [disinfected](/wiki/Disinfectant "Disinfectant") between finds.[\[96\]](#cite_note-96)

## Notable incidents

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=31 "Edit section: Notable incidents")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dishman_Hills.jpg/220px-Dishman_Hills.jpg)](/wiki/File:Dishman_Hills.jpg) A 79-year-old man fell off a cliff in [Dishman Hills](/wiki/Dishman_Hills "Dishman Hills"), [Washington](/wiki/Washington_(state) "Washington (state)"), while geocaching in 2009.

Several deaths have occurred during the course of Caching.[\[97\]](#cite_note-97)[\[98\]](#cite_note-98)[\[99\]](#cite_note-99)[\[100\]](#cite_note-100)

The death of a 21-year-old experienced cacher in December 2011 "while attempting a Groundspeak Cache that does not look all that dangerous" led to discussions of whether changes should be made, and whether cache owners or Groundspeak could be held liable. Groundspeak has since updated their geocaching.com [terms of use agreement](/wiki/Terms_of_service "Terms of service") to specify that geocachers find geocaches at their own risk.[\[101\]](#cite_note-101)

In 2008, two lost hikers on [Mount Hood](/wiki/Mount_Hood "Mount Hood") in [Oregon](/wiki/Oregon "Oregon"), U.S. stumbled across a geocache and phoned this information out to rescuers, allowing crews to locate and rescue them.[\[102\]](#cite_note-102)

Three adult geocachers, a 24-year-old woman and her parents, were trapped in a cave and rescued by firefighters in [Rochester, New York](/wiki/Rochester,_New_York "Rochester, New York"), U.S. while searching for a geocache in 2012. Rochester Fire Department spokesman Lt. Ted Kuppinger said, "It's difficult, because you're invested in it, you want to find something like that, so people will probably try to push themselves more than they should, but you need to be prudent about what you're capable of doing."[\[103\]](#cite_note-103)

In 2015, members of the public called [the British coastguard](/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Coastguard "His Majesty's Coastguard") to check on a group of geocachers who were spotted walking into the [Severn Estuary](/wiki/Severn_Estuary "Severn Estuary") off the coast of [Clevedon](/wiki/Clevedon "Clevedon"), England, in search of clues to locate a multi-cache. Although they felt they were safe and able to return to land, they were considered to be in danger and were airlifted back to the shore.[\[104\]](#cite_note-104)

In October 2016, four people discovered a crashed car at the bottom of a [ravine](/wiki/Ravine "Ravine") in [Benton County, Washington](/wiki/Benton_County,_Washington "Benton County, Washington"), U.S., while out geocaching. They spotted the driver still trapped inside and alerted emergency services, who rescued the driver.[\[105\]](#cite_note-105)

On 9 June 2018, four people in [Prague](/wiki/Prague "Prague"), [Czech Republic](/wiki/Czech_Republic "Czech Republic") were searching for a cache in a 4 km long tunnel when a storm surge carried them through the tunnel to its terminus at the [Vltava](/wiki/Vltava "Vltava") river. Two of the geocachers died,[\[106\]](#cite_note-106) while two others were rescued from the river.[\[107\]](#cite_note-107)[\[108\]](#cite_note-108)

## Websites and data ownership

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=32 "Edit section: Websites and data ownership")\]

Numerous websites list geocaches around the world. Geocaching websites vary in many ways, including control of data.

### First page

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=33 "Edit section: First page")\]

The first website to list geocaches was announced by Mike Teague on May 8, 2000.[\[109\]](#cite_note-109) On September 2, 2000, Jeremy Irish emailed the gpsstash mailing list that he had registered the domain name geocaching.com and had set up his own Web site. He copied the caches from Mike Teague's database into his own. On September 6, Mike Teague announced that Jeremy Irish was taking over cache listings. As of 2012[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit), Teague had logged only 5 caches.[\[110\]](#cite_note-Teague-110)

### Geocaching.com

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=34 "Edit section: Geocaching.com")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_Geocaching_Emerald.png/220px-Logo_Geocaching_Emerald.png)](/wiki/File:Logo_Geocaching_Emerald.png) Geocaching.com logo

The largest site is Geocaching.com, owned by Groundspeak Inc., which began operating in late 2000. With a worldwide membership and a [freemium](/wiki/Freemium "Freemium") business model, the website claims millions of caches and members in over 190 countries and all seven continents including Antarctica.[\[111\]](#cite_note-111) Hides and events are reviewed by volunteer regional cache reviewers before publication. Free membership allows users access to coordinates, descriptions, and logs for some caches; for a subscription fee, users are allowed additional search tools, the ability to download large amounts of cache information onto their GPS at once, instant email notifications about new caches, and access to premium-member-only caches.[\[112\]](#cite_note-112) Geocaching Headquarters are located in the [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont,_Seattle "Fremont, Seattle") neighborhood of [Seattle](/wiki/Seattle "Seattle"), Washington, United States.[\[113\]](#cite_note-113)

### Opencaching Network

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=35 "Edit section: Opencaching Network")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Riverside_Cache_-_not_FTF.jpg/220px-Riverside_Cache_-_not_FTF.jpg)](/wiki/File:Riverside_Cache_-_not_FTF.jpg) A geocache hidden through the Opencaching website

The Opencaching Network provides independent, non-commercial listing sites based in the cacher's country or region. The Opencaching Network lists the most types of caches, including traditional, virtual, moving, multi, quiz, webcam, BIT, guest book, USB, event, and MP3. The Opencaching Network is less restrictive than many sites, and does not charge for the use of the sites, the service being community-driven. Some (or all) listings may or may not be required to be reviewed by community volunteers before being published and although cross-listing is permitted, it is discouraged. Some listings are listed on other sites, but there are many that are unique to the Opencaching Network. Features include the ability to organize one's favourite caches, build custom searches, be instantly notified of new caches in one's area, seek and create caches of all types, export GPX queries, statpics, etc. Each Opencaching Node provides the same [API](/wiki/API "API") for free (called "OKAPI"[\[114\]](#cite_note-114)) for use by developers who want to create third-party applications which can use the Opencaching Network's content.

Countries with associated opencaching websites include the [United States](/wiki/United_States "United States") at www.opencaching.us;[\[115\]](#cite_note-joys-115) [Germany](/wiki/Germany "Germany") at www.opencaching.de;[\[116\]](#cite_note-116)[\[117\]](#cite_note-117) [Sweden](/wiki/Sweden "Sweden") at www.opencaching.se; [Poland](/wiki/Poland "Poland") at www.opencaching.pl;[\[118\]](#cite_note-118) [Czech Republic](/wiki/Czech_Republic "Czech Republic") at www.opencaching.cz; [The Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands "Netherlands") at www.opencaching.nl; [Romania](/wiki/Romania "Romania") at www.opencaching.ro; the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") at www.opencache.uk.[\[119\]](#cite_note-OpenCaching_United_States_Wiki-119)[\[120\]](#cite_note-comments-120)

The main difference between opencaching and traditional listing sites is that all services are open to the users at no cost. Generally, most geocaching services or websites offer some basic information for free, but users may have to pay for premium membership that allows access to more information or advanced searching capabilities. This is not the case with opencaching; every geocache is listed and accessible to everyone for free.[\[119\]](#cite_note-OpenCaching_United_States_Wiki-119)

Additionally, Opencaching sites allow users to rate and report on existing geocaches. This allows users to see what other cachers think of the cache and it encourages participants to place higher-quality caches. The rating system also greatly reduces the problem of abandoned or unsatisfactory caches still being listed after repeated negative comments or posts in the cache logs.[\[119\]](#cite_note-OpenCaching_United_States_Wiki-119)

### OpenCaching.com

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=36 "Edit section: OpenCaching.com")\]

OpenCaching.com (short: OX) was a site created and run by Garmin from 2010 to 2015, which had the stated aim of being as free and open as possible with no paid content. Caches were approved by a community process and coordinates were available without an account. The service closed on 14 August 2015.[\[121\]](#cite_note-121)

### Other sites

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=37 "Edit section: Other sites")\]

In many countries there are regional geocaching sites, but these mostly only compile lists of caches in the area from the three main sites. Many of them also accept unique listings of caches for their site; these listings tend to be less popular than the international sites, although occasionally the regional sites may have more caches than the international sites. There are some exceptions, such as how, in the territory of the former [Soviet Union](/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union"), the site Geocaching [.su](/wiki/.su ".su") remains popular because it accepts listings in the [Cyrillic script](/wiki/Cyrillic_script "Cyrillic script"). Additional international sites include Geocaching.de, a German website, and Geocaching Australia, which accepts listings of cache types deprecated by geocaching.com, cache types such as TrigPoint and Moveable caches, as well as traditional geocache types.

#### GPSgames

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=38 "Edit section: GPSgames")\]

GPSgames.org was an online community dedicated to all kinds of games involving Global Positioning System receivers.[\[122\]](#cite_note-122) GPSgames.org allowed traditional geocaches as well as virtual, locationless, and traveler geocaches.
The site's **geodashing** game generated a large number of randomly positioned "dashpoints", requiring players to reach as many as possible, competing as individuals or teams.[\[123\]](#cite_note-123)
Shutterspot, GeoVexilla, MinuteWar, GeoPoker, and GeoGolf were among the other GPS games available.[\[124\]](#cite_note-124)

GPSgames.org was 100% free since 2001, through donations.[\[125\]](#cite_note-125) The site was retired on 30 June 2021.

#### NaviCache

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=39 "Edit section: NaviCache")\]

Navicache.com started as a regional listing service in 2001.[\[126\]](#cite_note-The_Rebirth_Of_Navicaching-126) While many of the website's listings have been posted to other sites, it also offers unique listings. The website lists nearly any type of geocache and does not charge to access any of the caches listed in its database. All submissions are reviewed and approved.[\[127\]](#cite_note-127) In 2012 it was announced that Navicache was under transition to new owners, who said they "plan to develop a site that geocachers want, with rules that geocachers think are suitable. Geocaching.com and OX are both backed by large enterprises, and while that means they have more funding and people, we're a much smaller team – so our advantage is the ability to be dynamic and listen to the users."[\[126\]](#cite_note-The_Rebirth_Of_Navicaching-126) However, as of 2021 the site is mostly dormant, and the most recent cache listing is from 2014.[\[128\]](#cite_note-128)

#### TerraCaching

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=40 "Edit section: TerraCaching")\]

Terracaching.com aims to provide high-quality caches made so by the difficulty of the hide or from the quality of the location. Membership is managed through a sponsorship system, and each cache is under continual peer review from other members. Terracaching.com embraces virtual caches alongside traditional or multi-stage caches and includes many locationless caches among the thousands of caches in its database. It is increasingly attracting members who like the point system. In Europe, TerraCaching is supported by Terracaching.eu. This site is translated in different European languages, has an extended FAQ and extra supporting tools for TerraCaching. TerraCaching strongly discourages caches that are listed on other sites (so-called double-listing).[\[129\]](#cite_note-129)

#### Extremcaching

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=41 "Edit section: Extremcaching")\]

Extremcaching is a German private database for alternative geocaches with a focus on T5 / climbing caches, night caches, and lost place caches.[\[130\]](#cite_note-130)[\[131\]](#cite_note-131)

#### Geocaching Australia

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=42 "Edit section: Geocaching Australia")\]

Geocaching Australia is a community website for geocachers in Australia and New Zealand. Geocaching Australia also has many unique cache types such as Burke And Wills, Moveable\_cache & Podcache geocaches.[\[132\]](#cite_note-132)

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=43 "Edit section: See also")\]

- [Augmented reality](/wiki/Augmented_reality "Augmented reality")
- [Benchmarking](/wiki/Benchmarking_(hobby) "Benchmarking (hobby)")
- [BookCrossing](/wiki/BookCrossing "BookCrossing")
- [Dead drop](/wiki/Dead_drop "Dead drop")
- [Degree Confluence Project](/wiki/Degree_Confluence_Project "Degree Confluence Project")
- [Encounter](/wiki/Encounter_(game) "Encounter (game)")
- [Geohashing](/wiki/Geohashing "Geohashing")
- [Geolocation-based video game](/wiki/Geolocation-based_video_game "Geolocation-based video game")
- [_Ingress_ (video game)](/wiki/Ingress_(video_game) "Ingress (video game)")
- [Letterboxing (hobby)](/wiki/Letterboxing_(hobby) "Letterboxing (hobby)")
- [Location-based game](/wiki/Location-based_game "Location-based game")
- [Munzee](/wiki/Munzee "Munzee")
- [Orienteering](/wiki/Orienteering "Orienteering")
- _[Pokémon Go](/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Go "Pokémon Go")_
- [Puzzle hunt](/wiki/Puzzle_hunt "Puzzle hunt")
- [Questing](/wiki/Questing "Questing")
- [Transmitter hunting](/wiki/Transmitter_hunting "Transmitter hunting")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=44 "Edit section: References")\]

001. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**BBC (April 29, 2009). ["Geocaching"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/oxford/content/articles/2009/04/29/geocaching_feature.shtml). _[BBC](/wiki/BBC "BBC")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190908233221/http://www.bbc.co.uk/oxford/content/articles/2009/04/29/geocaching_feature.shtml) from the original on September 8, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
002. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**Geocaching. ["Geocaching - The Official Global GPS Cache Hunt Site"](https://www.geocaching.com/guide/default.aspx). _Geocaching_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190928022413/https://www.geocaching.com/guide/default.aspx) from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
003. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**["Fast Facts"](https://newsroom.geocaching.com/fast-facts). _Geocaching Newsroom_. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
004. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**Geocaching. ["Geocaching - The Official Global GPS Cache Hunt Site"](http://www.geocaching.com/). _Geocaching_. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
005. **[^](#cite_ref-5)**Society, National Geographic (January 21, 2011). ["geocaching"](https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/geocaching). _[National Geographic Society](/wiki/National_Geographic_Society "National Geographic Society")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210920214423/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/geocaching/) from the original on September 20, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
006. **[^](#cite_ref-6)**["Geocaching and Letterboxing"](https://fpr.vermont.gov/recreation/activities/geocaching-and-letterboxing). _Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation_.
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123. **[^](#cite_ref-123)**Sherman, Erik (April 12, 2004). [_Geocaching: Hike and Seek with Your GPS_](https://books.google.com/books?id=_1CnRrfWSMIC&dq=geodashing&pg=PA72). Apress. p. 72. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-4302-0680-4](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-0680-4 "Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-0680-4").
124. **[^](#cite_ref-124)**["GPS Games"](http://www.gpsgames.org/content/section/3/57/). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130916105320/http://www.gpsgames.org/content/section/3/57/) from the original on September 16, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
125. **[^](#cite_ref-125)**["GPSgames.org"](http://www.gpsgames.org/). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130406172202/http://www.gpsgames.org/) from the original on April 6, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
126. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-The_Rebirth_Of_Navicaching_126-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-The_Rebirth_Of_Navicaching_126-1)["The Rebirth Of Navicaching"](http://www.notaboutthenumbers.com/2012/06/05/the-rebirth-of-navicaching/). June 5, 2012. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20121225113053/http://www.notaboutthenumbers.com/2012/06/05/the-rebirth-of-navicaching/) from the original on December 25, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
127. **[^](#cite_ref-127)**["Navicache Geocaching FAQ"](http://www.navicache.com/cgi-bin/db/faq.google2.wap.pl). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130516152321/http://www.navicache.com/cgi-bin/db/faq.google2.wap.pl) from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
128. **[^](#cite_ref-128)**["Am Wasserhaus"](http://www.navicache.com/cgi-bin/db/displaycache2.google2.wap.pl?CacheID=12163). _navicache.com/_. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
129. **[^](#cite_ref-129)**["Welcome to TerraCaching.com"](https://www.terracaching.com/). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130115162759/http://www.terracaching.com/) from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
130. **[^](#cite_ref-130)**["Google Translate"](https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://extremcaching.com). _translate.google.com_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190908233242/https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fextremcaching.com) from the original on September 8, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
131. **[^](#cite_ref-131)**["Extremcaching - T5 + Lost Place Geocaching"](https://extremcaching.com/). _extremcaching.com_ (in German). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190401081848/https://extremcaching.com/) from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
132. **[^](#cite_ref-132)**["Geocaching Australia"](https://wiki.geocaching.com.au/wiki/Geocaching_Australia). _wiki.geocaching.com.au/wiki/Geocaching\_Australia_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200609011557/https://wiki.geocaching.com.au/wiki/Geocaching_Australia) from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.

## Further reading

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=45 "Edit section: Further reading")\]

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Geocaching](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geocaching "commons:Category:Geocaching").

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for _**[Geocaching](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Geocaching#Q14930 "wikivoyage:Geocaching")**_.

- Gillin, Paul; Gillin, Dana (2010). [_The Joy of Geocaching_](https://archive.org/details/joyofgeocachingh0000gill). Fresno, California: Quill Driver Books. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1884956997](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1884956997 "Special:BookSources/978-1884956997").
- Mike Dyer (2004). [_The Essential Guide to Geocaching_](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555915223). Fulcrum Publishing. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1555915223](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1555915223 "Special:BookSources/978-1555915223").
- Jack W. Peters (2004). [_The Complete Idiot's Guide to Geocaching_](https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu0000pete). Indianapolis: Alpha Books. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [1-59257-235-9](/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59257-235-9 "Special:BookSources/1-59257-235-9").
- Joel McNamara (2004). [_Geocaching For Dummies_](https://archive.org/details/geocachingfordum00mcna). For Dummies. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0764575716](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0764575716 "Special:BookSources/978-0764575716").
- Erik Sherman (2004). [_Geocaching: Hike and Seek with Your GPS_](https://archive.org/details/geocachinghikese0000sher). Apress. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1590591222](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1590591222 "Special:BookSources/978-1590591222").
- Cameron, Layne; Ulmer, Dave (2004). [_The Geocaching Handbook (Falcon Guide)_](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780762730445). Falcon. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7627-3044-5](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-3044-5 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-3044-5").
- John McKinney (2008). _Let's Go Geocaching_. DK Publishing. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0756637170](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0756637170 "Special:BookSources/978-0756637170").
- CQ Products (2007). _It's a Treasure Hunt! Geocaching & Letterboxing_. G & R. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1563832680](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1563832680 "Special:BookSources/978-1563832680").
- Jeannette Cézanne (2007). "And have a great time geocaching with some gummy bears". _Open Your Heart with Geocaching: Mastering Life Through Love of Exploration_. DreamTime Pub., Incorporated. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1601660046](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1601660046 "Special:BookSources/978-1601660046").

## External links

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&action=edit&section=46 "Edit section: External links")\]

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)

Look up _**[geocaching](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/geocaching "wiktionary:geocaching")**_ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

- [Geocaching](https://curlie.org/Recreation/Outdoors/Geocaching) at [Curlie](/wiki/Curlie "Curlie")
- [In Wisconsin: Geocaching](https://video.pbswisconsin.org/video/in-wisconsin-geocaching/) Video produced by [Wisconsin Public Television](/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Television "Wisconsin Public Television")
- [FTF Geocacher Magazine](https://ftfgeo.com/) Print Magazine devoted to geocaching
- [geocaching.com](https://www.geocaching.com/) The official geocaching website

- [v](/wiki/Template:Adventure_travel "Template:Adventure travel")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Adventure_travel "Template talk:Adventure travel")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adventure_travel "Special:EditPage/Template:Adventure travel")

[Adventure travel](/wiki/Adventure_travel "Adventure travel")

Types

- [Accessible tourism](/wiki/Accessible_tourism "Accessible tourism")
- [Adjectival tourisms](/wiki/List_of_adjectival_tourisms "List of adjectival tourisms")
- [Adventure recreation](/wiki/Adventure_recreation "Adventure recreation")
- [Agritourism](/wiki/Agritourism "Agritourism")
- [Backpacking (travel)](/wiki/Backpacking_(travel) "Backpacking (travel)")
- [Backpacking (hiking)](/wiki/Backpacking_(hiking) "Backpacking (hiking)")
- [Bicycle touring](/wiki/Bicycle_touring "Bicycle touring")
- [Camping](/wiki/Camping "Camping")
- [Cultural tourism](/wiki/Cultural_tourism "Cultural tourism")
- [Ecotourism](/wiki/Ecotourism "Ecotourism")
- [Extreme tourism](/wiki/Extreme_tourism "Extreme tourism")
- [Freighthopping](/wiki/Freighthopping "Freighthopping")
- [Glamping](/wiki/Glamping "Glamping")
- [Hiking](/wiki/Hiking "Hiking")
- [Hitchhiking](/wiki/Hitchhiking "Hitchhiking")
- [Jungle tourism](/wiki/Jungle_tourism "Jungle tourism")
- [Kloofing](/wiki/Kloofing "Kloofing")
- [Overlanding](/wiki/Overlanding "Overlanding")
- [Picnic](/wiki/Picnic "Picnic")
- [Rogaining](/wiki/Rogaining "Rogaining")
- [Safari](/wiki/Safari "Safari")
- [Slum tourism](/wiki/Slum_tourism "Slum tourism")
- [Tramping](/wiki/Tramping_in_New_Zealand "Tramping in New Zealand")
- [Travel](/wiki/Travel "Travel")
- [Ultralight backpacking](/wiki/Ultralight_backpacking "Ultralight backpacking")
- [Urban exploration](/wiki/Urban_exploration "Urban exploration")
- [Volunteer travel](/wiki/Volunteer_travel "Volunteer travel")
- [Wildlife tourism](/wiki/Wildlife_tourism "Wildlife tourism")

Activities

- [Climbing](/wiki/Climbing "Climbing")
- Geocaching
- [Geohashing](/wiki/Geohashing "Geohashing")
- [Hang gliding](/wiki/Hang_gliding "Hang gliding")
- [Mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking "Mountain biking")
- [Mountaineering](/wiki/Mountaineering "Mountaineering")
- [Naturism](/wiki/Naturism "Naturism")
- [Nude recreation](/wiki/Nude_recreation "Nude recreation")
- [Paragliding](/wiki/Paragliding "Paragliding")
- [Rafting](/wiki/Rafting "Rafting")
- [River trekking](/wiki/River_trekking "River trekking")
- [Scuba diving](/wiki/Scuba_diving "Scuba diving")
- [Zip-lining](/wiki/Zip_line "Zip line")

- [v](/wiki/Template:Geocaching "Template:Geocaching")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Geocaching "Template talk:Geocaching")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geocaching "Special:EditPage/Template:Geocaching")

Geocaching

Related companies

- [Garmin](/wiki/Garmin "Garmin")

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Geocaching.svg/75px-Geocaching.svg.png)](/wiki/File:Geocaching.svg)

Related activities

- [Letterboxing](/wiki/Letterboxing_(hobby) "Letterboxing (hobby)")
- [GeoSpy](/wiki/GeoSpy "GeoSpy")

Aspects of Geocaching

- [Travel Bug](/wiki/Travel_Bug "Travel Bug")
- [Geocoin](/wiki/Geocoin "Geocoin")
- [Geokrety](/wiki/Geokrety "Geokrety")

- [v](/wiki/Template:Orienteering "Template:Orienteering")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Orienteering "Template talk:Orienteering")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orienteering "Special:EditPage/Template:Orienteering")

[Orienteering](/wiki/Orienteering "Orienteering")

- [History of orienteering](/wiki/History_of_orienteering "History of orienteering")
- [List of orienteering events](/wiki/List_of_orienteering_events "List of orienteering events")

Sport disciplines

[IOF](/wiki/International_Orienteering_Federation "International Orienteering Federation")- [governed](/wiki/Sports_governing_body "Sports governing body")

- [Foot orienteering](/wiki/Foot_orienteering "Foot orienteering")
- [Mountain bike orienteering](/wiki/Mountain_bike_orienteering "Mountain bike orienteering")
- [Ski orienteering](/wiki/Ski_orienteering "Ski orienteering")
- [Trail orienteering](/wiki/Trail_orienteering "Trail orienteering")

[IARU](/wiki/International_Amateur_Radio_Union "International Amateur Radio Union")- [governed](/wiki/Sports_governing_body "Sports governing body")

- [Amateur radio direction finding](/wiki/Amateur_radio_direction_finding "Amateur radio direction finding")
  - [Fox Oring](/wiki/Fox_Oring "Fox Oring")
  - [Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area](/wiki/Radio_Orienteering_in_a_Compact_Area "Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area")

Other sports

- [Canoe orienteering](/wiki/Canoe_orienteering "Canoe orienteering")
- [Car orienteering](/wiki/Car_orienteering "Car orienteering")
- [Mountain marathon](/wiki/Mountain_marathon "Mountain marathon")
- [Mounted orienteering](/wiki/Mounted_orienteering "Mounted orienteering")
- [Rogaining](/wiki/Rogaining "Rogaining")

Related

- [Adventure racing](/wiki/Adventure_racing "Adventure racing")
- [Alleycat race](/wiki/Alleycat_race "Alleycat race")
- [Fell running](/wiki/Fell_running "Fell running")
- [Relay race](/wiki/Relay_race "Relay race")
- [Transmitter hunting](/wiki/Transmitter_hunting "Transmitter hunting")

Equipment

Event

- [Control point](/wiki/Control_point_(orienteering) "Control point (orienteering)")
- [Course](/wiki/Course_(orienteering) "Course (orienteering)")
- [Map](/wiki/Orienteering_map "Orienteering map")

Personal

- [Compass](/wiki/Compass "Compass")
  - [hand](/wiki/Hand_compass "Hand compass")
  - [protractor](/wiki/Protractor_compass "Protractor compass")
  - [thumb](/wiki/Thumb_compass "Thumb compass")
- [Eye protectors](/wiki/Eye_protection "Eye protection")
- [Gaiters](/wiki/Gaiters "Gaiters")
- [Headlamp](/wiki/Headlamp_(outdoor) "Headlamp (outdoor)")

Exceptions

- [Backpacking](/wiki/Backpacking_(wilderness)#Equipment "Backpacking (wilderness)")
- [Satellite navigation](/wiki/Satellite_navigation "Satellite navigation")
- [Whistle](/wiki/Whistle "Whistle")

[Software](https://orienteering.sport/iof/it/list-of-software-for-orienteering/)

Proprietary

- [OCAD](/w/index.php?title=OCAD_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1 "OCAD (software) (page does not exist)")
- [Condes](/w/index.php?title=Condes_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Condes (software) (page does not exist)")
- [SportSoftware](/w/index.php?title=SportSoftware&action=edit&redlink=1 "SportSoftware (page does not exist)")

Open-source

- [OpenOrienteering Mapper](/w/index.php?title=OpenOrienteering_Mapper&action=edit&redlink=1 "OpenOrienteering Mapper (page does not exist)")
- [Purple Pen](/w/index.php?title=Purple_Pen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Purple Pen (page does not exist)")
- [MeOS](/w/index.php?title=MeOS_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1 "MeOS (software) (page does not exist)")

[Video games](https://orienteering.sport/iof/it/list-of-software-for-orienteering/)

- [Catching Features](/wiki/Catching_Features "Catching Features")
- [Suunnistussimulaattori](/w/index.php?title=Suunnistussimulaattori&action=edit&redlink=1 "Suunnistussimulaattori (page does not exist)")
- [WinOL / WinOL II Oriantica](/w/index.php?title=WinOL&action=edit&redlink=1 "WinOL (page does not exist)")

Fundamentals

- [Map](/wiki/Map "Map")
  - [orienteering map](/wiki/Orienteering_map "Orienteering map")
- [Navigation](/wiki/Navigation "Navigation")
  - [cardinal direction](/wiki/Cardinal_direction "Cardinal direction")
  - [resection](/wiki/Position_resection "Position resection")
  - [route choice](/wiki/Route_choice_(orienteering) "Route choice (orienteering)")
  - [wayfinding](/wiki/Wayfinding "Wayfinding")
  - [waypoint](/wiki/Waypoint "Waypoint")
- [Racing](/wiki/Racing "Racing")
  - [hiking](/wiki/Hiking "Hiking")
  - [running](/wiki/Running "Running")
  - [walking](/wiki/Walking "Walking")
  - [skiing](/wiki/Skiing "Skiing")
  - [mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking "Mountain biking")

Organisations / lists

- [International Orienteering Federation](/wiki/International_Orienteering_Federation "International Orienteering Federation")
  - [members](/wiki/Category:National_members_of_the_International_Orienteering_Federation "Category:National members of the International Orienteering Federation")
- [List of clubs](/wiki/List_of_orienteering_clubs "List of orienteering clubs")
- [List of orienteers](/wiki/List_of_orienteers "List of orienteers")
  - [by country](/wiki/List_of_orienteers#By_country "List of orienteers")
  - [innovators](/wiki/List_of_orienteers#Innovators "List of orienteers")
- [List of events](/wiki/List_of_orienteering_events "List of orienteering events")

Non-sport related

- [Adventure travel](/wiki/Adventure_travel "Adventure travel")
- [Bicycle touring](/wiki/Bicycle_touring "Bicycle touring")
- [Climbing](/wiki/Climbing "Climbing")
- [Hiking](/wiki/Hiking "Hiking")
- [Hunting](/wiki/Hunting "Hunting")
- [Location-based game](/wiki/Location-based_game "Location-based game")
  - geocaching
  - [poker run](/wiki/Poker_run "Poker run")
- [Scoutcraft orienteering](/wiki/Orienteering_(scouting) "Orienteering (scouting)")
  - [wilderness](/wiki/Backpacking_(wilderness) "Backpacking (wilderness)")

Competitions

[Foot orienteering](/wiki/Foot_orienteering "Foot orienteering")

- [World Championships](/wiki/World_Orienteering_Championships "World Orienteering Championships")
  - [Junior](/wiki/Junior_World_Orienteering_Championships "Junior World Orienteering Championships")
  - [Masters](/wiki/World_Masters_Orienteering_Championships "World Masters Orienteering Championships")
  - [University](/wiki/World_University_Orienteering_Championships "World University Orienteering Championships")
- [World Cup](/wiki/Orienteering_World_Cup "Orienteering World Cup")
- [World Games](/wiki/Orienteering_at_the_World_Games "Orienteering at the World Games")
- [European Championships](/wiki/European_Orienteering_Championships "European Orienteering Championships")
  - [Youth](/wiki/European_Youth_Orienteering_Championships "European Youth Orienteering Championships")
  - [University](/w/index.php?title=European_University_Orienteering_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1 "European University Orienteering Championships (page does not exist)")
- [North American Championships](/wiki/North_American_Orienteering_Championships "North American Orienteering Championships")
- Open events
  - [O-Ringen](/wiki/O-Ringen "O-Ringen")
  - [Jukola](/wiki/Jukola_relay "Jukola relay")
  - [Tiomila](/wiki/Tiomila "Tiomila")
  - [Kainuu Orienteering Week](/wiki/Kainuu_Orienteering_Week "Kainuu Orienteering Week")
  - [Jan Kjellström Festival](/wiki/Jan_Kjellstr%C3%B6m_International_Festival_of_Orienteering "Jan Kjellström International Festival of Orienteering")

[Ski orienteering](/wiki/Ski_orienteering "Ski orienteering")

- [World Championships](/wiki/World_Ski_Orienteering_Championships "World Ski Orienteering Championships")
  - [Junior](/wiki/Junior_World_Ski_Orienteering_Championships "Junior World Ski Orienteering Championships")
- [World Cup](/wiki/World_Cup_in_Ski_Orienteering "World Cup in Ski Orienteering")

[Mountain bike orienteering](/wiki/Mountain_bike_orienteering "Mountain bike orienteering")

- [World Championships](/wiki/World_Mountain_Bike_Orienteering_Championships "World Mountain Bike Orienteering Championships")

[Trail orienteering](/wiki/Trail_orienteering "Trail orienteering")

- [World Championships](/wiki/World_Trail_Orienteering_Championships "World Trail Orienteering Championships")

- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png)[Category](/wiki/Category:Orienteering "Category:Orienteering")
- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png)[WikiProject](/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Orienteering "Wikipedia:WikiProject Orienteering")

[Authority control databases](/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control"): National [![Edit this at Wikidata](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14930#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata")

- [Germany](https://d-nb.info/gnd/7580165-6)
- [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2004002776)
- [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph859924&CON_LNG=ENG)
- [Israel](http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007547168305171)

Retrieved from " [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&oldid=1244025068](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geocaching&oldid=1244025068)"

[Categories](/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):

- [Geocaching](/wiki/Category:Geocaching "Category:Geocaching")
- [Geosocial networking](/wiki/Category:Geosocial_networking "Category:Geosocial networking")
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- [Hobbies](/wiki/Category:Hobbies "Category:Hobbies")
- [Internet object tracking](/wiki/Category:Internet_object_tracking "Category:Internet object tracking")
- [Outdoor locating games](/wiki/Category:Outdoor_locating_games "Category:Outdoor locating games")
- [Scoutcraft](/wiki/Category:Scoutcraft "Category:Scoutcraft")
- [2000 neologisms](/wiki/Category:2000_neologisms "Category:2000 neologisms")
- [2000 establishments in Oregon](/wiki/Category:2000_establishments_in_Oregon "Category:2000 establishments in Oregon")
- [Sports originating in the United States](/wiki/Category:Sports_originating_in_the_United_States "Category:Sports originating in the United States")
- [Games and sports introduced in 2000](/wiki/Category:Games_and_sports_introduced_in_2000 "Category:Games and sports introduced in 2000")
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- [Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012](/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2012 "Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012")
- [All articles containing potentially dated statements](/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements "Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements")
- [Commons category link from Wikidata](/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata "Category:Commons category link from Wikidata")
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