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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Being located on the Atlantic coastline, Galicia has a very mild climate for the latitude and the marine influence affects most of the province to various degrees. In comparison to similar latitudes on the other side of the Atlantic, winters are exceptionally mild, with consistently heavy rainfall. Snow is rare due to temperatures rarely dropping below freezing. The warmest coastal station of Pontevedra has a yearly mean temperature of 14.8 °C (58.6 °F). Ourense located somewhat inland is only slightly warmer with 14.9 °C (58.8 °F). Due to its exposed north-westerly location, the climate is still very cool by Spanish standards. In coastal areas summers are temperered, averaging around 25 °C (77 °F) in Vigo. Temperatures are further cooler in A Coruña, with a subdued 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) normal. Temperatures do however soar in inland areas such as Ourense, where days above 30 °C (86 °F) are very regular.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from December to April is the dry season. Sunshine is very prominent for nearly the entire year and even during the rainy season. Humidity, however, is not very high due to the winds. The average temperature is around 25 °C with day temperatures rising to 32 °C. The average high and low temperatures in January are 28 °C and 22 °C, respectively, while in July they are 30 °C and 24 °C. The lowest night temperature recorded is 13 °C. The Caribbean sea waters in the vicinity generally maintain a temperature of about 27 °C.", "title": "Saint Barthélemy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "St. Louis (/ seɪnt ˈluːɪs /) is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th - largest in the United States.", "title": "St. Louis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer. The highest coastal, daytime temperature averages less than 89 °F (32 °C) during summer months. The coast has mild temperatures in winter, with daytime highs rarely below 40 °F (4 °C). The average daytime temperature in the coastal plain is usually in the mid-50s °F (11–14 °C) in winter. Temperatures in the coastal plain only occasionally drop below the freezing point at night. The coastal plain averages only around 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "title": "Ashgabat" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Istanbul's persistently high humidity reaches 80 percent most mornings. Because of this, fog is very common, although more so in northern parts of the city and away from the city center. Dense fog disrupts transportation in the region, including on the Bosphorus, and is common during the autumn and winter months when the humidity remains high into the afternoon. The humid conditions and the fog tend to dissipate by midday during the summer months, but the lingering humidity exacerbates the moderately high summer temperatures. During these summer months, high temperatures average around 29 °C (84 °F) and rainfall is uncommon; there are only about fifteen days with measurable precipitation between June and August. The summer months also have the highest concentration of thunderstorms.Winter is colder in Istanbul than in most other cities around the Mediterranean Basin, with low temperatures averaging 1–4 °C (34–39 °F). Lake-effect snow from the Black Sea is common, although difficult to forecast, with the potential to be heavy and—as with the fog—disruptive to the city's infrastructure. Spring and autumn are mild, but often wet and unpredictable; chilly winds from the northwest and warm gusts from the south—sometimes in the same day—tend to cause fluctuations in temperature. Overall, Istanbul has an annual average of 130 days with significant precipitation, which amounts to 810 millimeters (31.9 in) per year. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the city center on the Marmara coast are 40.5 °C (105 °F) and −16.1 °C (3 °F). The greatest rainfall recorded in a day is 227 millimeters (8.9 in), and the highest recorded snow cover is 80 centimeters (31 in).", "title": "Istanbul" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A City Decides is a 1956 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim about the racial integration of St. Louis Public Schools. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.", "title": "A City Decides" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guiyang has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), tempered by its low latitude and high elevation. It has cool winters and moderate-temperature summers; the majority of the year's 1,118 millimetres (44.0 in) of precipitation occurs from May to July. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 5.1 °C (41.2 °F) in January to 23.9 °C (75.0 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 15.35 °C (59.6 °F). Rain is common throughout the year, with occasional flurries in winter. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 12 percent in January to 41 percent in August, the city receives only 1150 hours of sunshine, making it one of China's least sunny major cities. Average monthly relative humidity is consistently above 75% throughout the year.", "title": "Guiyang" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C), although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent; highs reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 27 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month. The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 °F (15 °C) to 64.5 °F (18 °C).", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific.", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.", "title": "Valencia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Five major climatic regions are found in Nepal. Of these, Kathmandu Valley is in the Warm Temperate Zone (elevation ranging from 1,200–2,300 metres (3,900–7,500 ft)), where the climate is fairly temperate, atypical for the region. This zone is followed by the Cool Temperate Zone with elevation varying between 2,100–3,300 metres (6,900–10,800 ft). Under Köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate. In the Kathmandu Valley, which is representative of its valley's climate, the average summer temperature varies from 28–30 °C (82–86 °F). The average winter temperature is 10.1 °C (50.2 °F).", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city has an elevation of 382.2 m (1,254 feet). In a 1984 census the city's population was 17,320. Al Jawf receives almost no rain whatsoever, averaging only 2.5mm (.1 inch) per year. Summer high temperatures average above 37.8 °C (100 °F).", "title": "Al Jawf, Libya" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Each year, however, there are a few days where the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Some years have even witnessed long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, surged up to 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night. More recently, the average temperature for July 2011 was 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), with an average minimum temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) and an average maximum temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F).", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The climate of Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classifion, with five seasons: Winter (Nov − Feb), Spring (March − April), Summer (May − June), Rainy Monsoon (July − August) and Autumn (September − October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 38 ° C (100.4 ° F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfall and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst. The coolest month is January, with temperatures variable by location. In Islamabad, temperatures vary from cold to mild, routinely dropping below zero. In the hills there is sparse snowfall. The weather ranges from a minimum of − 3.9 ° C (25.0 ° F) in January to a maximum of 46.1 ° C (115.0 ° F) in June. The average low is 2 ° C (35.6 ° F) in January, while the average high is 38.1 ° C (100.6 ° F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.5 ° C (115.7 ° F) in June, while the lowest temperature was − 4 ° C (24.8 ° F) in January. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rain fell in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in 24 hours in Islamabad and at any locality in Pakistan during the past 100 years. Following is the weather observed over Islamabad Airport, which is actually located in Rawalpindi.", "title": "Climate of Islamabad" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed] The average annual temperature on the coast is around 24 °C (75 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Summer, June through August, is the hottest time of the year with a mean temperature of 24 ° C (75 ° F) and a mean precipitation of 300 mm (12 inches) with June having more precipitation than either July or August. The extreme highs for the year often occur in July or August. Tropical cyclones and their remains can impact the state during this time of the year, contributing to area rainfall.", "title": "Climate of Missouri" } ]

[ { "answer": "St. Louis", "id": 136299, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which place is A City Decides in?", "raw_question": "Which place is A City Decides in?", "statement": "A City Decides takes place in St. Louis." }, { "answer": "Missouri", "id": 84467, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "where is St. Louis located on the map", "raw_question": "where is #1 located on the map", "statement": "St. Louis is located in Missouri." }, { "answer": "75 ° F", "id": 90527, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "what is the average summer temperature in Missouri", "raw_question": "what is the average summer temperature in #2", "statement": "The average summer temperature in Missouri is 75 ° F." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on National Register of Historic Places in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters is located in a new building on the outskirts of the city, opened in February 2011. The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton. The area of Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, where the majority of their Transit models are manufactured. Closure of the plant in 2013 was announced in 2012, with the loss of hundreds of jobs.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Subject / Law Long Guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes Permit to purchase required? No No Firearm registration? No No Owner license required? No No Carry permits required? No No Missouri is a ``shall issue ''state for concealed carry. Permitless carry took effect on January 1, 2017. Open carry permitted? Yes Yes Open carry is permitted. As of October 11, 2014, a valid CCW overrides local laws against Open Carry, state wide. State preemption of local restrictions? Yes Yes Local governments are allowed to regulate open carry and the discharge of firearms (except in self defense); however, ccw permit holders are exempt from ordinances banning open carry. Assault weapon law? No No Magazine Capacity Restriction? No No NFA weapons restricted? No No Peaceable journey law? Yes Yes Background checks required for private sales? No No", "title": "Gun laws in Missouri" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a general rule, a person may legally open - carry in Washington state in any place it is legal to possess a loaded handgun, as long as it does not manifest ``an intent to intimidate another or (warrant) alarm for the safety of other persons. ''To open - carry a handgun in a vehicle (e.g, car, bus, etc...) a person must have a valid concealed pistol license. The county sheriff or city police chief shall issue a concealed pistol license to any applicant, age 21 or older, who meets certain requirements, including no felony convictions, no misdemeanor domestic violence convictions, and no outstanding warrants. Open carrying of firearms is not prohibited by law, although trouble with some law enforcement agencies has been encountered while open carrying in the past, most notably in a case in Ellensburg, Washington.", "title": "Gun laws in Washington" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Illinois was the last state to pass a law to allow the concealed carry of firearms by citizens. The state's original handgun carry ban was enacted in 1949, with the ban's most recent revision being enacted in 1962. The pre-existing law forbade concealed carry, and generally prohibited open carry, except in counties that had enacted ordinances allowing open carry. On December 11, 2012, a three - judge panel of the U.S. Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, in the case of Moore v. Madigan, ruled that Illinois' concealed carry ban was unconstitutional, and gave the state 180 days to change its laws. Subsequently, the court granted a 30 - day extension of the deadline. On July 9, 2013, Illinois enacted the Firearm Concealed Carry Act, which established a system for the issuing of concealed carry licenses. On September 12, 2013, the Illinois Supreme Court, in the case of People v. Aguilar, also ruled that the state's Aggravated Unlawful Use of a Weapon law, which completely prohibited concealed carry, was unconstitutional. On January 5, 2014, the state police began accepting applications for licenses to carry concealed handguns. On February 28, 2014, the state police announced that they had begun issuing concealed carry licenses.", "title": "Gun laws in Illinois" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kings Highway Bridge was located on the Nansemond River in the independent city of Suffolk, Virginia, United States. Built in 1928, it carried traffic on the Kings Highway, also known as State Route 125, for over 75 years.", "title": "Kings Highway Bridge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Selma Mall is an enclosed shopping mall located in Selma, Alabama. The mall's anchor stores are Belk, and Citi Trends. The mall opened in 1971 with Sears, Britt's (a division of J.J. Newberry) and S.H. Kress as its major stores. By the 1990s, Kress had become McCrory Stores, and Beall-Ladymon had joined as a central anchor.", "title": "Selma Mall" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (\"German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Abbreviation: FES\") is a German political foundation associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), yet independent of it. Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first democratically elected President, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality.", "title": "Friedrich Ebert Foundation" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1993, the city passed a massive redevelopment package known as the Metropolitan Area Projects (MAPS), intended to rebuild the city's core with civic projects to establish more activities and life to downtown. The city added a new baseball park; central library; renovations to the civic center, convention center and fairgrounds; and a water canal in the Bricktown entertainment district. Water taxis transport passengers within the district, adding color and activity along the canal. MAPS has become one of the most successful public-private partnerships undertaken in the U.S., exceeding $3 billion in private investment as of 2010. As a result of MAPS, the population living in downtown housing has exponentially increased, together with demand for additional residential and retail amenities, such as grocery, services, and shops.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studio 54 is a former nightclub and currently a Broadway theatre, located at 254 West 54th Street, between Eighth Avenue and Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building, originally built as the Gallo Opera House, opened in 1927, after which it changed names several times, eventually becoming CBS radio and television Studio 52.", "title": "Studio 54" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hal W. Adams Bridge, built in 1947, is an historic bridge that carries State Road 51 across the Suwannee River between Lafayette and Suwannee counties, Florida in the United States. Located 3 miles north of Mayo, it was the first suspension bridge built in Florida, and the only one to carry highway traffic. At its opening on July 4, 1947, it was named for Hal W. Adams of Mayo, former county judge of Lafayette County and then longtime circuit judge for the circuit encompassing Lafayette and Suwannee counties.", "title": "Hal W. Adams Bridge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Radio City Music Hall Location 1260 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue), Manhattan, New York City 40 ° 45 ′ 35 ''N 73 ° 58 ′ 45'' W  /  40.75972 ° N 73.97917 ° W  / 40.75972; - 73.97917 Owner Tishman Speyer Properties (operated by The Madison Square Garden Company) Type Indoor theatre Seating type Reserved Capacity 6,015 Radio City Music Hall U.S. National Register of Historic Places Show map of Manhattan Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all Area 2 acres (0.8 ha) Built 1932 Architect Edward Durell Stone Donald Deskey Architectural style Art Deco Part of Rockefeller Center (# 87002591) NRHP reference # 78001880 Added to NRHP May 8, 1978 Opened December 27, 1932", "title": "Radio City Music Hall" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "St. Louis (/ seɪnt ˈluːɪs /) is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th - largest in the United States.", "title": "St. Louis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yuengling Bicentennial Park and Gardens ( ) is a city park located in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, United States, which originally opened in the late 1800s and then again in 2005.", "title": "Yuengling Bicentennial Park and Gardens" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City Oil Field is one of the world's giant petroleum fields and is located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in the United States of America. The field was opened just south of the city limits on December 4, 1928, and first entered Oklahoma City limits on May 27, 1930.", "title": "Oklahoma City Oil Field" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It currently carries Virginia Route 673, also known as Featherbed Lane. The bridge was originally located at a crossing of nearby Goose Creek, carrying the Leesburg Turnpike, later Virginia State Route 7, but was relocated in 1932 to its present location at Catoctin Creek.", "title": "Catoctin Creek Bridge" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dogpatch USA was a theme park located in northwest Arkansas along State Highway 7 between the cities of Harrison and Jasper, an area known today as Marble Falls. It was opened in 1968, and was based on the comic strip \"Li'l Abner\", created by cartoonist Al Capp and set in a fictional village called Dogpatch. The property that comprised Dogpatch USA was leased in late 2017 to Heritage USA, Inc. and is being renovated to become the site of production and broadcast studios, and an RV park, hotel, theater and theme park. The new park is named Heritage USA Ozarks Resort at Historic Dogpatch, and is currently open while undergoing renovations.", "title": "Dogpatch USA" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Center City in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Center City, Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Don \"Mad Hatter\" Ebert is a retired U.S. soccer forward who spent most of his career with two indoor clubs, the St. Louis Steamers and the Los Angeles Lazers.", "title": "Don Ebert" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge, viewed from Manhattan Coordinates 40 ° 42 ′ 20 ''N 73 ° 59 ′ 47'' W  /  40.70569 ° N 73.99639 ° W  / 40.70569; - 73.99639 Coordinates: 40 ° 42 ′ 20 ''N 73 ° 59 ′ 47'' W  /  40.70569 ° N 73.99639 ° W  / 40.70569; - 73.99639 Carries 6 lanes of roadway (cars only) Elevated trains (until 1944) Streetcars (until 1950) Pedestrians and bicycles Crosses East River Locale New York City (Civic Center, Manhattan -- Dumbo / Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn) Maintained by New York City Department of Transportation ID number 22400119 Characteristics Design Suspension / Cable - stay Hybrid Total length 5,989 ft (1,825.4 m) Width 85 ft (25.9 m) Height 276.5 ft (84.3 m) above mean high water Longest span 1,595.5 ft (486.3 m) Clearance below 135 ft (41.1 m) History Designer John Augustus Roebling Opened May 24, 1883; 134 years ago (1883 - 05 - 24) Statistics Daily traffic 123,781 (2008) Toll Free both ways Brooklyn Bridge U.S. National Register of Historic Places U.S. National Historic Landmark NYC Landmark Built 1869 - 1883 Architectural style neo-Gothic NRHP reference # 66000523 Significant dates Added to NRHP October 15, 1966 Designated NHL January 29, 1964 Designated NYCL August 24, 1967 Brooklyn Bridge Location in Lower Manhattan Brooklyn Bridge Location in Lower Manhattan Brooklyn Bridge Location in Lower Manhattan Brooklyn Bridge Location in Lower Manhattan Show map of Lower Manhattan Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all", "title": "Brooklyn Bridge" } ]

[ { "answer": "St. Louis", "id": 144079, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "In what city was Don Ebert born?", "raw_question": "In what city was Don Ebert born?", "statement": "St. Louis is the city where Don Ebert was born." }, { "answer": "Missouri", "id": 84467, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "where is St. Louis located on the map", "raw_question": "where is #1 located on the map", "statement": "St. Louis is located in Missouri." }, { "answer": "October 11, 2014", "id": 89676, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "when did Missouri become an open carry state", "raw_question": "when did #2 become an open carry state", "statement": "Missouri became an open carry state on October 11, 2014." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Shakespeare: The World as Stage is a biography of William Shakespeare by author Bill Bryson. The 199-page book is part of Harper Collins' series of biographies, \"Eminent Lives\". The focus of the book is to state what little is known conclusively about Shakespeare, and how this information is known, with some discussion of disproved theories, myths, and that which is believed by the public but not provable. It also explores the political, social, cultural and economic background to Shakespeare's work.", "title": "Shakespeare: The World as Stage" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abigail Rokison - Woodall (née Rokison) is an author and academic specialising in William Shakespeare, as well as a former actress. She was Director of Studies in English and Drama at Homerton College, Cambridge until the end of 2012. She is now lecturer in Shakespeare and Theatre at the Shakespeare Institute, Stratford upon Avon. She previously played Primrose in The Darling Buds of May.", "title": "Abigail Rokison" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shakespeare's influence extends from theatre and literatures to present-day movies, Western philosophy, and the English language itself. William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the history of the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He transformed European theatre by expanding expectations about what could be accomplished through innovation in characterization, plot, language and genre. Shakespeare's writings have also impacted a large number of notable novelists and poets over the years, including Herman Melville Charles Dickens, and Maya Angelou, and continue to influence new authors even today. Shakespeare is the most quoted writer in the history of the English-speaking world after the various writers of the Bible; many of his quotations and neologisms have passed into everyday usage in English and other languages.", "title": "Shakespeare's influence" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for British citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Kingdom. As of 10 July 2018, British citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 186 countries and territories, ranking the British passport 4th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Austrian, Dutch, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, Portuguese and the United States passports) according to the Henley Passport Index. Additionally, the World Tourism Organization also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the British passport 1st in the world (tied with Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Singapore) in terms of travel freedom, with a mobility index of 160 (out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1, visa on arrival weighted by 0.7, eVisa by 0.5, and traditional visa weighted by 0).", "title": "Visa requirements for British citizens" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Othello was a 1951 production of William Shakespeare's play of the same name, which was produced, directed by and starring Orson Welles in his first appearance on the London stage.", "title": "Othello (Orson Welles stage production)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kate Mailer (born August 18, 1962 in New York City) is an American stage and film actress who is the daughter of American author-playwright Norman Mailer and third wife, journalist Lady Jeanne Campbell, eldest daughter of the 11th Duke of Argyll. Her work includes roles on stage in the Anton Chekhov play \"The Cherry Orchard\", and on film in Jean-Luc Godard's adaptation of the William Shakespeare play \"King Lear\" with Burgess Meredith (1987) and in W. T. Morgan's \"A Matter of Degrees\" with Arye Gross (1990). Kate has now moved on to work on writing.", "title": "Kate Mailer" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michael G. Bryson (August 22, 1942 – May 22, 2012) was a news and sports reporter and editor from Des Moines, Iowa and the elder brother of travel writer Bill Bryson. He co-authored a book \"The Babe Didn't Point: And Other Stories About Iowans and Sports\" with his son Michael G. Bryson Jr in 1989. He also wrote a book called \"The Twenty-Four-Inch Home Run\" in 1990. Bryson was an editor and associate publisher of the Sun Press Newspapers in Hawaii from 1979 to 1986. He covered the New York Mets in 1969 while a sports reporter for the Associated Press. He was a news reporter for the \"Des Moines Register and Tribune\" from 1970 to 1979. He attended Drake University.", "title": "Michael Bryson" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Indianola is a city in Warren County, Iowa, United States, 18 miles south of Des Moines, Iowa. The population was 14,782 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Warren County.", "title": "Indianola, Iowa" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Caserini (née Gasperini; 24 July 1884 – 15 April 1969) was an Italian stage and film actress, as well as a pioneer of filmmaking during the early 20th-century. She often starred in adaptations of stage and film productions for the works of William Shakespeare.", "title": "Maria Caserini" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.", "title": "Republic of Užice" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The PKI role that assures valid and correct registration is called a registration authority (RA). An RA is responsible for accepting requests for digital certificates and authenticating the entity making the request. In a Microsoft PKI, a registration authority is usually called a subordinate CA.", "title": "Public key infrastructure" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595 / 96. It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of Theseus, the Duke of Athens, to Hippolyta, the former queen of the Amazons. These include the adventures of four young Athenian lovers and a group of six amateur actors (the mechanicals) who are controlled and manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest in which most of the play is set. The play is one of Shakespeare's most popular works for the stage and is widely performed across the world.", "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Eneco Tour was a road cycling stage race that took place in the Netherlands and Belgium between 10 and 16 August 2015. It was the 11th edition of the Eneco Tour stage race and was the twenty-first race of the 2015 UCI World Tour.", "title": "2015 Eneco Tour" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bill Bryson", "id": 239092, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Shakespeare: The World as Stage >> author", "raw_question": "Shakespeare: The World as Stage >> author", "statement": "Bill Bryson, the author of Shakespeare: The World as Stage, was born in the city." }, { "answer": "Des Moines", "id": 488956, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Bill Bryson >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Bill Bryson was born in Des Moines." }, { "answer": "Warren County", "id": 368521, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Des Moines >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Des Moines is located in Warren County." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vice presidents have cast 261 tie - breaking votes since the U.S. federal government was established in 1789. The vice president with the most tie breaking votes is John Adams (served 1789 -- 1797) with 29. The current Vice President Mike Pence, in office since January 2017, has made six tie - breaking votes.", "title": "President of the Senate" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kerry and his second wife, Mozambican-born businesswoman and philanthropist Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões Ferreira (known as Teresa), the widow of Kerry's late Pennsylvania Republican Senate colleague Henry John Heinz III, were introduced to each other by Heinz at an Earth Day rally in 1990. Early the following year, Senator Heinz was killed in a plane crash near Lower Merion. Teresa has three sons from her previous marriage to Heinz, Henry John Heinz IV, André Thierstein Heinz, and Christopher Drake Heinz. Heinz and Kerry were married on May 26, 1995, in Nantucket, Massachusetts.", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate of Nigeria, elected by its membership. The Senate President is second in line for succession to the Nigerian presidency, after the Vice President of Nigeria. The current President of the Senate is Bukola Saraki.", "title": "President of the Senate of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Publix Super Markets, Inc., commonly known as Publix, is an employee - owned, American supermarket chain headquartered in Lakeland, Florida. Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees. It is considered the largest employee - owned company in the world. Publix operates throughout the Southeastern United States, with locations in Florida (785), Georgia (186), Alabama (68), South Carolina (58), Tennessee (42), North Carolina (35), and Virginia (8).", "title": "Publix" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joint sessions and meetings are usually held in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, and are traditionally presided over by the Speaker of the House. However, the Constitution requires the Vice President (as President of the Senate) to preside over the counting of electoral votes.", "title": "Joint session of the United States Congress" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a total of 538, since the Twenty - Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington, D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President, the House of Representatives chooses the winner; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President, then the Senate chooses the winner.", "title": "United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America \"stronger at home and more respected in the world.\" Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, \"I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty.\" He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, \"the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom\", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement.", "title": "2004 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark. His victory in the Iowa caucuses is widely believed to be the tipping point where Kerry revived his sagging campaign in New Hampshire and the February 3, 2004, primary states like Arizona, South Carolina and New Mexico. Kerry then went on to win landslide victories in Nevada and Wisconsin. Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush. On July 6, 2004, he announced his selection of John Edwards as his running mate. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum, who was Kerry's 2004 campaign adviser, wrote an article in Time magazine claiming that after the election, Kerry had said that he wished he'd never picked Edwards, and that the two have since stopped speaking to each other. In a subsequent appearance on ABC's This Week, Kerry refused to respond to Shrum's allegation, calling it a \"ridiculous waste of time.\"", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On April 18, 1985, a few months after taking his Senate seat, Kerry and Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa traveled to Nicaragua and met the country's president, Daniel Ortega. Though Ortega had won internationally certified elections, the trip was criticized because Ortega and his leftist Sandinista government had strong ties to Cuba and the USSR and were accused of human rights abuses. The Sandinista government was opposed by the right-wing CIA-backed rebels known as the Contras. While in Nicaragua, Kerry and Harkin talked to people on both sides of the conflict. Through the senators, Ortega offered a cease-fire agreement in exchange for the U.S. dropping support of the Contras. The offer was denounced by the Reagan administration as a \"propaganda initiative\" designed to influence a House vote on a $14 million Contra aid package, but Kerry said \"I am willing..... to take the risk in the effort to put to test the good faith of the Sandinistas.\" The House voted down the Contra aid, but Ortega flew to Moscow to accept a $200 million loan the next day, which in part prompted the House to pass a larger $27 million aid package six weeks later.", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "If no candidate for president receives a majority of electoral votes for president, the Twelfth Amendment provides that the House of Representatives will select the president, with each of the fifty state delegations casting one vote. If no candidate for vice president receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president, then the Senate will select the vice president, with each of the 100 senators having one vote.", "title": "United States Electoral College" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "If both the President and the Vice President die, become permanently disabled, are removed from office, or resign - the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, will act as President until a President or Vice-President is elected and qualifies.", "title": "Philippine presidential line of succession" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second - highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only two elected executive offices along with the President. The Vice President is elected on the same ticket with the president to a six - year term. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the president, the Vice President ascends to the presidency, which he or she holds for the remainder of their predecessor's term. The Vice President also serves as the President of the Senate and may cast a vote in the event of a tie. The current Vice President is Jewel Taylor, serving under President George Weah.", "title": "Vice President of Liberia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution also provides for appointment of one of the elected senators to serve as President pro tempore. This senator presides when the vice president is absent from the body. The president pro tempore is selected by the body specifically for the role of presiding in the absence of (as the meaning of pro tempore, literally ``for the time being '') the actual presiding officer. By tradition, the title of President pro tempore has come to be given more - or-less automatically to the most senior senator of the majority party. In actual practice in the modern Senate, the president pro tempore also does not often serve in the role (though it is their constitutional right to do so). Instead, as governed by Rule I, they frequently designate a junior senator to perform the function.", "title": "Presiding Officer of the United States Senate" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vice President of the United States Seal of the Vice President Flag of the Vice President Incumbent Mike Pence since January 20, 2017 United States Senate Executive branch of the U.S. government Office of the Vice President Style Mr. Vice President (informal) The Honorable (formal) Mr. President (as President of the Senate) His Excellency (international correspondence) Status Second - highest executive branch officer President of the Senate Member of Cabinet National Security Council National Space Council (Chairman) United States Senate (President) Residence Number One Observatory Circle Seat Washington, D.C. Nominator President of the United States, Political parties Appointer Electoral College of the United States Term length 4 years, no term limit Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789 (229 years ago) (1789 - 03 - 04) First holder John Adams April 21, 1789 Succession First Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate (in the Senate) Salary US $230,700 annually Website www.whitehouse.gov", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Nigeria, a person must be at least 35 years of age to be elected President or Vice President, 30 to be a Senator or State Governor, and 25 to be a Representative in parliament.", "title": "Age of candidacy" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vice President of the United States of America Vice Presidential seal Vice Presidential standard Incumbent Mike Pence since January 20, 2017 Executive branch of the U.S. government Office of the Vice President Style Mr. Vice President (Informal) The Honorable (Formal) Mr. President (When presiding over Senate) His Excellency (In international correspondence) Member of Cabinet National Security Council President of the U.S. Senate Residence Number One Observatory Circle Seat Washington, D.C. Appointer Electoral College Term length 4 years Constituting instrument U.S. Constitution Inaugural holder John Adams (April 21, 1789) Formation March 4, 1789 (228 years ago) (1789 - 03 - 04) Succession First Salary $230,700 Website WhiteHouse.gov", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No mention of an office of vice president was made at the 1787 Constitutional Convention until near the end, when an 11 - member committee on ``Leftover Business ''proposed a method of electing the president and vice president, and recommended that the vice president succeed the executive in the event of a vacancy in that position, but would otherwise serve as the president of the Senate, casting a vote only to break a tie. Although delegates approved establishing the office, with both its executive and senatorial functions, not many understood the extent of the vice president's duties. Only a few states had an analogous position. Among those that did, New York's constitution provided that,`` The lieutenant - governor shall, by virtue of his office, be president of the Senate, and, upon an equal division, have a casting voice in their decisions, but not vote on any other occasion.''", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate has the power to elect the vice president if no vice presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The Twelfth Amendment requires the Senate to choose from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. Electoral College deadlocks are rare. The Senate has only broken a deadlock once; in 1837, it elected Richard Mentor Johnson. The House elects the president if the Electoral College deadlocks on that choice.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican, took office following a very close victory over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2004 election, he defeated Democrat John Kerry to win re-election. Bush, the 43rd President, is the eldest son of the 41st President, George H.W. Bush. He was succeeded by Democrat Barack Obama, who won the 2008 presidential election.", "title": "Presidency of George W. Bush" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States, who is President of the Senate. In the Vice President's absence, the President Pro Tempore, who is customarily the senior member of the party holding a majority of seats, presides over the Senate. In the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers.", "title": "United States Senate" } ]

[ { "answer": "John Edwards", "id": 29341, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Who did John Kerry choose to be by his side as the potential Vice President?", "raw_question": "Who did John Kerry choose to be by his side as the potential Vice President?", "statement": "John Edwards was John Kerry's potential Vice President." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 30907, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Where was John Edwards a senator?", "raw_question": "Where was #1 a senator?", "statement": "John Edwards was a senator in North Carolina." }, { "answer": "35", "id": 91015, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "how many publix stores are in North Carolina", "raw_question": "how many publix stores are in #2", "statement": "There are 35 Publix stores in North Carolina." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 28th Rifle Division was a rifle division in the Soviet Red Army during the Russian Civil War, World War II and the Cold War.", "title": "28th Rifle Division" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, frequently shortened to Red Army, was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of \"Soviet Army\", until its dissolution in December 1991. The former official name \"Red Army\" continued to be used as a nickname by both sides throughout the Cold War.", "title": "Red Army" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally - defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent. Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a ``police action ''and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war. In 1970, Time magazine noted:`` All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times'' before 1970. In 1993, one writer noted ``Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution, ''and that the`` real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II.'' President George H.W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a ``deliberate, unhurried, post -- Cold War decision to start a war ''without Congressional approval. Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization. Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.", "title": "Powers of the United States Congress" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1944–63), President (later President for Life) (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, Josip Broz Tito received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.", "title": "Soviet Union–United States relations" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–1980) and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–1945). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1944–1963), President (later President for Life) (1953–1980) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, he received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In May 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev negotiated an easing of relations known as detente, creating a temporary \"thaw\" in the Cold War. In the spirit of good sportsmanship, the time seemed right for cooperation rather than competition, and the notion of a continuing \"race\" began to subside.", "title": "Space Race" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, \"I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\" He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from \"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic\" to \"Russian Federation,\" showing that it was now a sovereign state.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self - governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union. It was a result of the declaration number 142 - Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7: 32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( \"Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova\", , Титаренко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Russian activist who was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. She raised funds for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage, fostering of new talent, and treatment programs for children's blood cancer.", "title": "Raisa Gorbacheva" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Far Eastern Republic (), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East. Although theoretically independent, it largely came under the control of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), which envisaged it as a buffer state between the RSFSR and the territories occupied by Japan during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922. Its first president was Alexander Krasnoshchyokov.", "title": "Far Eastern Republic" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anatoliy Alekseevich Nogovitsyn (; born 29 April 1952 in Baryshevka village, Borodilikhinskiy rayon, Semipalatinsk oblast, Kazakh SSR) is the former Deputy Chief of General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Colonel General, most known for being the primary spokesman of the Russian Armed Forces during 2008 South Ossetia War and for warning Poland about the possibility of a nuclear strike on 15 August 2008 after an agreement reached between the United States of America and Poland on 14 August 2008 about hosting part of a US missile defense shield in Poland. President Dmitry Medvedev later played down the nuclear attack threats against Poland.", "title": "Anatoliy Nogovitsyn" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14, 1980, in New York City. It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state's presidential primary.", "title": "1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of all great powers except for the Soviet Union and the United States, and the simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA). Allies during World War II, the USA and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt, declared hot war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Central and Eastern Europe fell under the Soviet sphere of influence and eventually an ``Iron Curtain ''. Europe was divided into a US - led Western Bloc and a Soviet - led Eastern Bloc. Internationally, alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted, with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement. The Cold War also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers; part of the reason that the Cold War never became a`` hot'' war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other, leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff.", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a watershed moment in both the history of Chile and the Cold War. Following an extended period of social unrest and political tension between the opposition - controlled Congress of Chile and the socialist President Salvador Allende, as well as economic warfare ordered by US President Richard Nixon, Allende was overthrown by the armed forces and national police.", "title": "1973 Chilean coup d'état" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States is a federal republic in which the president, Congress, and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government according to its Constitution. At the same time, the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.", "title": "Politics of the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine, a U.S. foreign policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism, was announced, and either 1989, when communism fell in Eastern Europe, or 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed. The term ``cold ''is used because there was no large - scale fighting directly between the two sides, but they each supported major regional wars known as proxy wars.", "title": "Cold War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Faces of War (originally known as Outfront II, , or \"Behind Enemy Lines 2\") is a real-time strategy and real-time tacticswar video game developed by Ukrainian developer Best Way and published by Russian publisher 1C Company. The game is a sequel to 2004's \"\". Whereas \"Soldiers\" had the player controlling a handful of squad members alone in enemy territory, \"Faces of War\" engages the player and his squad in massive battles fighting alongside AI controlled squads. The game features a full 3D engine allowing the player to have much greater control over the camera compared to \"Soldiers\". The engine also allows nearly full environmental destruction. The developers have also improved the multiplayer options from the last game, with many more modes and options. The game was released in Russia on September 8, 2006 and North America for PC on September 12, 2006.", "title": "Faces of War" } ]

[ { "answer": "the Soviet Union", "id": 79417, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "which nation was america's primary enemy during the cold war", "raw_question": "which nation was america's primary enemy during the cold war", "statement": "The Soviet Union was America's primary enemy during the Cold War." }, { "answer": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "id": 69948, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "who was the president of the russian republic at the time of the disintegration of the Soviet Union", "raw_question": "who was the president of the russian republic at the time of the disintegration of #1", "statement": "Mikhail Gorbachev was the president of the Russian republic at the time of the disintegration of the Soviet Union." }, { "answer": "Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva", "id": 617898, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Mikhail Gorbachev >> spouse", "raw_question": "#2 >> spouse", "statement": "Mikhail Gorbachev's spouse was Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva." } ]

[ "Raisa Gorbacheva" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the \"true art form of music\", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem \"so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight\", and that \"television is a lie\". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol \"isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' \" That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that \"Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award\". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that \"there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs\".", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts. All winners prior to season nine reportedly earned at least $1 million in their first year as winner. All the runners-up of the first ten seasons, as well as some of other finalists, have also received record deals with major labels. However, starting in season 11, the runner-up may only be guaranteed a single-only deal. BMG/Sony (seasons 1–9) and UMG (season 10–) had the right of first refusal to sign contestants for three months after the season's finale. Starting in the fourteenth season, the winner was signed with Big Machine Records. Prominent music mogul Clive Davis also produced some of the selected contestants' albums, such as Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. All top 10 (11 in seasons 10 and 12) finalists earn the privilege of going on a tour, where the participants may each earn a six-figure sum.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fall is the most rapidly changing season temperature wise, especially in October and November. Tropical cyclones remain a threat until late in the season. The Appalachian Mountains are frequently visited at this time of year, due to the leaves changing color in the trees.", "title": "Climate of North Carolina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the \"White guy with guitar\" or \"WGWG\" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, \"You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest,\" he says, \"And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most popular contestants are usually not revealed in the results show. Instead, typically the three contestants (two in later rounds) who received the lowest number of votes are called to the center of the stage. One of these three is usually sent to safety; however the two remaining are not necessarily the bottom two. The contestant with the fewest votes is then revealed and eliminated from the competition. A montage of the eliminated contestant's time on the show is played and they give their final performance. However, in season six, during the series' first ever Idol Gives Back episode, no contestant was eliminated, but on the following week, two were sent home. Moreover, starting in season eight, the judges may overturn viewers' decision with a \"Judges' Save\" if they unanimously agree to. \"The save\" can only be used once, and only up through the top five. In the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons, a double elimination then took place in the week following the activation of the save, but in the eleventh and thirteenth seasons, a regular single elimination took place. The save was not activated in the twelfth season and consequently, a non-elimination took place in the week after its expiration with the votes then carrying over into the following week.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winning the Eurovision Song Contest provides a unique opportunity for the winning artist (s) to capitalise on their success and surrounding publicity by launching or furthering their international career during their singing years. However, throughout the history of the contest, relatively few of these artists have gone on to be huge international stars. The most notable winning Eurovision artists whose career was directly launched into the spotlight following their win were the members of ABBA, who won the 1974 contest for Sweden with their song ``Waterloo ''. ABBA went on to be one of the most successful bands of its time. Another notable winner who subsequently achieved international fame and success was Céline Dion, who won the 1988 contest for Switzerland with the song`` Ne partez pas sans moi''.", "title": "List of Eurovision Song Contest winners" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 25, 2011, after 122.4 million votes were cast for the finale (and nearly 750 million votes for the seasonal total), Scotty McCreery was crowned the winner of the tenth season of American Idol, making him the youngest male winner at 17 years and seven months old, and the second youngest winner ever behind season 6 winner Jordin Sparks. Season 10 was the first season where 11 contestants went on tour instead of 10. Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels. The signed artists are Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina, Haley Reinhart, James Durbin, Casey Abrams, Stefano Langone, Pia Toscano and Naima Adedapo.", "title": "American Idol (season 10)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, \"People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olympus is a public art work by American artist Charles Ginnever located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture is an abstract made of weathering steel arranged in triangular shapes which rise successively in height; it is installed on the lawn.", "title": "Olympus (sculpture)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Despite being eliminated earlier in the season, Chris Daughtry (as lead of the band Daughtry) became the most successful recording artist from this season. Other contestants, such as Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, and Elliott Yamin have had varying levels of success.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of reality television singing competition American Idol began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell returned to judge, and Ryan Seacrest returned to host. It is the most successful season to date ratings-wise, and resulted in 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) getting record deals -- nine of them with major labels. It was the first season with a male winner (Taylor Hicks) and a female runner - up (Katharine McPhee). It was also the first season of the series to be aired in high definition.", "title": "American Idol (season 5)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first season of American Idol premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. That first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended.", "title": "American Idol (season 1)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, and ended its first - run on April 7, 2016. On March 11, 2018, the show will make its debut on ABC. It started off as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol, and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents, with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones, Internet, and SMS text voting. Winners chosen by viewers in its fifteen seasons were Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, Nick Fradiani, and Trent Harmon.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Autumn weather in Minnesota is marked by the rapid decrease of severe thunderstorms, dramatic cooling, and eventually the possibility of blizzards. With summer - time heat still prevalent in the southern U.S. and colder air quickly taking hold in Canada, Minnesota can be affected by wide temperature swings in short periods of time. Because of this, the jet stream, which tends to weaken during the summer months, begins to re-strengthen. This leads to quicker changes in weather patterns and increasingly strong storm systems. As autumn moves on, these storm systems bring with them progressively colder air, eventually changing the rain over snow, generally starting in October in the northern part of the state and November in the south. From September to December the average temperature in the state falls by approximately 43 ° F (23 ° C), the largest such temperature swing within any Minnesota season.", "title": "Climate of Minnesota" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chris Daughtry", "id": 3157, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "raw_question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "statement": "Chris Daughtry was the most successful artist from this season." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 3356, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What state is American Idol contestant Chris Daughtry from?", "raw_question": "What state is American Idol contestant #1 from?", "statement": "Chris Daughtry is from North Carolina." }, { "answer": "October and November", "id": 57615, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "when does fall weather start in North Carolina", "raw_question": "when does fall weather start in #2", "statement": "Fall weather starts in October and November in North Carolina." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nearby is a sign marking the 45th parallel north, halfway between the North Pole and the Equator. This is one of six Michigan sites and 29 places in the U.S.A. where such signs are known to exist.", "title": "Elk Lake (Michigan)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Nöteborg, also known as the \"Treaty of Oreshek\" (, Russian: \"Ореховецкий мир,\" ), is a conventional name for the peace treaty signed at Orekhovets (, ) on 12 August 1323. It was the first settlement between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic regulating their border. Three years later, Novgorod signed the Treaty of Novgorod with the Norwegians.", "title": "Treaty of Nöteborg" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "title": "Alaska Purchase" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "title": "Lafayette C. Baker" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Treaty of Aynalıkavak was a treaty between Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire signed on March 10, 1779. The formal name is Aynalıkavak bond of arbitration (). Aynalıkavak is a palace in Istanbul where the treaty was signed.", "title": "Treaty of Aynalıkavak" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919.", "title": "Treaty of Versailles" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "title": "Congress of Berlin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Out of the Wild (known in the first season solely as The Alaska Experiment) is a Discovery Channel reality television series. The first and second seasons followed volunteers from urbanized backgrounds as they use survival skills in the back-country of Alaska during the fall and winter. The third season saw a relocation of the series to Venezuela, while keeping the same general format of season 2. The series was produced by Ricochet in the first season, and by Pilgrim Films in seasons 2 and 3.", "title": "Out of the Wild" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The immediate chain of events leading to France and the United Kingdom declaring war on Russia on 27 and 28 March 1854 came from the ambition of the French emperor Napoleon III to restore the grandeur of France. He wanted Catholic support that would come his way if he attacked Eastern Orthodoxy, as sponsored by Russia.:103 The Marquis Charles de La Valette was a zealous Catholic and a leading member of the \"clerical party,\" which demanded French protection of the Roman Catholic rights to the holy places in Palestine. In May 1851, Napoleon appointed La Valette as his ambassador to the Porte (the Ottoman Empire).:7–9 The appointment was made with the intent of forcing the Ottomans to recognise France as the \"sovereign authority\" over the Christian population.:19 Russia disputed this attempted change in authority. Pointing to two more treaties, one in 1757 and the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, the Ottomans reversed their earlier decision, renouncing the French treaty and insisting that Russia was the protector of the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919.", "title": "Treaty of Versailles" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine inherited a 780,000-man military force on its territory, equipped with the third-largest nuclear weapons arsenal in the world. In May 1992, Ukraine signed the Lisbon Protocol in which the country agreed to give up all nuclear weapons to Russia for disposal and to join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear weapon state. Ukraine ratified the treaty in 1994, and by 1996 the country became free of nuclear weapons.Ukraine took consistent steps toward reduction of conventional weapons. It signed the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, which called for reduction of tanks, artillery, and armoured vehicles (army forces were reduced to 300,000). The country plans to convert the current conscript-based military into a professional volunteer military.", "title": "Ukraine" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Treaty of San Francisco (サンフランシスコ講和条約, San - Furanshisuko kōwa - Jōyaku), Peace Treaty with Japan (日本国との平和条約, Nihon - koku tono Heiwa - Jōyaku) or commonly known as the Treaty of Peace with Japan, Peace Treaty of San Francisco, or San Francisco Peace Treaty), mostly between Japan and the Allied Powers, was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951, in San Francisco. It came into force on April 28, 1952 and officially ended the American - led Allied Occupation of Japan. According to Article 11 of the Treaty, Japan accepts the judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and of other Allied War Crimes Courts imposed on Japan both within and outside Japan.", "title": "Treaty of San Francisco" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The islands were purchased from the Danish by the United States in 1917 under the Treaty of the Danish West Indies.", "title": "History of the United States Virgin Islands" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "title": "Alaska Purchase" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty was written at a time when British colonists were pressuring the Crown to establish a colony in New Zealand, and when some Māori leaders had petitioned the British for protection against French forces. It was drafted with the intention of establishing a British Governor of New Zealand, recognising Māori ownership of their lands, forests and other possessions, and giving Māori the rights of British subjects. It was intended to ensure that when the declaration of British sovereignty over New Zealand was made by Lieutenant Governor William Hobson in May 1840, the Māori people would not feel that their rights had been ignored. Once it had been written and translated, it was first signed by Northern Māori leaders at Waitangi, and subsequently copies of the Treaty were taken around New Zealand and over the following months many other chiefs signed. Around 530 to 540 Māori, at least 13 of them women, signed the Treaty of Waitangi, despite some Māori leaders cautioning against it. An immediate result of the Treaty was that Queen Victoria's government gained the sole right to purchase land. In total there are nine signed copies of the Treaty of Waitangi including the sheet signed on 6 February 1840 at Waitangi.", "title": "Treaty of Waitangi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "title": "Great Turkish War" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed.", "title": "History of New Zealand" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Throughout the 1970s, both the Soviet Union and United States replaced old missiles and warheads with newer, more powerful and effective ones. This continued to worsen Soviet - U.S relations. On June 18, 1979, the SALT II treaty was signed in Vienna. This treaty limited both sides' nuclear arsenals and technology. However, this treaty as well as the era of the détente ended with the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in January, 1980. The United States once again significantly increased military and nuclear spending, while the Soviets were unable to respond and continued to pursue the détente.", "title": "Nuclear arms race" } ]

[ { "answer": "Alaska", "id": 136687, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which place does Out of the Wild exist in?", "raw_question": "Which place does Out of the Wild exist in?", "statement": "Out of the Wild exists in Alaska." }, { "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "id": 86983, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase Alaska from russia", "raw_question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #1 from russia", "statement": "Andrew Johnson was the military branch of the man who signed the treaty with Russia to purchase Alaska." }, { "answer": "Union Army", "id": 516763, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Andrew Johnson >> military branch", "raw_question": "#2 >> military branch", "statement": "Andrew Johnson served in the Union Army." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "¡Mamma Mia! the tenth album by Mexican singer Verónica Castro, It was released in 1988. \"Bienvenidos Aquí está\" is the theme to Verónica Castro's late night show of the same name. The song \"Bienvenidos Aquí está\" was also sung in Italian by Gino Renni titled \"Canzone esagerata (c’è chi c’ha)\" as well as \"Decir Adios\" sung by Pupo - Fiordaliso titled \"La Vita È Molto Di Più\". She also won the \"Antorcha de Plata\" from Viña del Mar en 1989.", "title": "¡Mamma Mia!" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A força está em nós is the second studio album of the French-born Portuguese singer David Carreira. It was released on 11 November 2013 on the Portuguese Farol Música label and reached number 2 on the official Portuguese Albums Chart.", "title": "A força está em nós" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tout recommencer is the third studio album of the French-born Portuguese singer David Carreira and the first to mainly target the French language market after two successful albums in Portugal, N.1 (2011) and \"A força está em nós\" (2013). It was released on 22 August 2014 and reached number 8 on the official SNEP French Albums Chart, also charting in Belgium's French Wallonia Ultratop Albums Chart.", "title": "Tout recommencer" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Di Mana Melani is an Indonesian TV Serial airs on SCTV and produced by MD Entertainment. This serial is related in the Chilean TV Series \"¿Dónde Está Elisa?\".", "title": "Di Mana Melani" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Portugal -- Spain relations describes relations between the governments of the Portuguese Republic and the Kingdom of Spain. The two states make up the vast majority of the Iberian Peninsula and as such, the relationship between the two is sometimes known as Iberian relations.", "title": "Portugal–Spain relations" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Lindh (1952–2013) was a well-known figure in Swedish economics, not least thanks to its combination of academic research and active citizenship.", "title": "Thomas Lindh" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "El amor está de moda (\"Love is in Fashion\") is a 1995 Chilean telenovela produced and broadcast by Canal 13, based on the Brazilian telenovela \"Ti Ti Ti\" created by Cassiano Gabus Mendes.", "title": "El amor está de moda" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nessuno è solo (and its Spanish-language version Nadie está solo) is the third studio album released by Italian singer-songwriter Tiziano Ferro. The album was released in Italy on 23 June 2006 via EMI.", "title": "Nessuno è solo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gaóns were a Jewish family in Vitoria, Álava, today in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, Spain. In the 15th century, several of them collected taxes for the kings of Castile.", "title": "Jacob Gaón" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luís Cabral, brother of Amílcar and co-founder of PAIGC, was appointed the first President of Guinea-Bissau. Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas. Some escaped to settle in Portugal or other African nations. One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissorã. In 1980 the PAIGC acknowledged in its newspaper Nó Pintcha (dated 29 November 1980) that many Gueinean soldiers had been executed and buried in unmarked collective graves in the woods of Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Got a Million of 'Em\" is a song written by Ron Hellard, Michael Garvin and Bucky Jones, and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie McDowell. It was released in June 1984 as the first single from the album \"Willing\". The song reached #8 on the Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "I Got a Million of 'Em" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luís Remo de Maria Bernardo Fernandes (born 8 May 1953) is an Indian singer, with naturalized Portuguese citizenship. Known as a pioneer of Indian pop music, he performs pop/rock/Indian fusion and is also a film playback singer. His musical work is a fusion of many different cultures and styles that he has been exposed to as a child in Goa and in his later travels around the world. Such influences include Goan and Portuguese music, Sega music (from Mauritius and Seychelles), African music, Latin music (from Spain and South America), the music of erstwhile European communist states, those of the dancehalls from Jamaica and Soca (from Trinidad and Tobago).", "title": "Remo Fernandes" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ilir Bajri (born 1969) is a Kosovo Albanian jazz composer, pianist, and the director of Prishtina Jazz Festival. He has been a member of Classic Jazz Trio, Quasi Fusion Band, Ilir Bajri Quartet and has performed in different countries including Italy, Spain, and the United States.", "title": "Ilir Bajri" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Platinum Collection is a 2006 Virgin Records compilation album written and mostly performed by Mike Oldfield. It contains most of Oldfield's best known work, and some rare mixes of songs that had previously only been available as B-sides to singles.", "title": "The Platinum Collection (Mike Oldfield album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Otto von Bismarck goaded the French into declaring war by altering a telegram sent by William I. Releasing the Ems Dispatch to the public, Bismarck made it sound as if the king had treated the French envoy in a demeaning fashion, which inflamed public opinion in France.", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``U Ca n't Touch This ''is a song co-written, produced and performed by MC Hammer from his 1990 album Please Hammer, Do n't Hurt 'Em. The track is considered to be Hammer's signature song and is his most successful single.", "title": "U Can't Touch This" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Eleazar Gómez Sanchez (; better known as Eleazar Gómez born May 29, 1986 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican actor. He is noted for his performance in Mexican telenovelas. Gómez is the brother of actress Zoraida Gómez and actor Jairo Gómez. He is a member of the Mexican pop band Eme 15.", "title": "Eleazar Gómez" } ]

[ { "answer": "David Carreira", "id": 279699, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "A força está em nós >> performer", "raw_question": "A força está em nós >> performer", "statement": "David Carreira is the performer of A força está em nós." }, { "answer": "Portugal", "id": 549956, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "David Carreira >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "David Carreira is from Portugal." }, { "answer": "Iberian Peninsula", "id": 83542, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "what are spain and Portugal known as collectively", "raw_question": "what are spain and #2 known as collectively", "statement": "Spain and Portugal are collectively known as the Iberian Peninsula." } ]

[ "Iberia" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On election day, as the districts were drawn to favor Douglas' party, the Democrats won 40 seats in the state house of Representatives, and the Republicans won 35. In the state senate, Republicans held 11 seats, and Democrats held 14. Stephen A. Douglas was reelected by the legislature, 54 - 46, even though Lincoln's Republicans won the popular vote with a percentage of 50.6%, or by 3,402 votes. However, the widespread media coverage of the debates greatly raised Lincoln's national profile, making him a viable candidate for nomination as the Republican candidate in the upcoming 1860 presidential election. He would go on to secure both the nomination and the presidency, beating Douglas (as the Northern Democratic candidate), among others, in the process.", "title": "Lincoln–Douglas debates" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican candidate George W. Bush, the Governor of Texas and the eldest son of the 41st President George H.W. Bush, won the election by defeating Democratic nominee Al Gore, the incumbent vice president. It was the fourth of five presidential elections in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote.", "title": "2000 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the \"Governator\" (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and \"The Running Man\" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election \"Total Recall\" (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Virginia House of Delegates election of 2017 was held on Tuesday, November 7. All 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates were contested. The Republican Party held a 66 -- 34 majority in the House of Delegates before the election but lost 15 seats to the Democratic Party, resulting in the Republicans holding a 50 -- 49 advantage. After a recount, the result of the election in the 94th district was called a tie. The candidate to hold the seat was determined by random drawing on January 4, 2018, which resulted in the Republicans holding a 51 -- 49 majority.", "title": "2017 Virginia House of Delegates election" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Gerald (Rusty) J. Hills, II is an American politician and educator in the state of Michigan and is currently the communications director for Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette.", "title": "Gerald Hills" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The candidate filing deadline for this gubernatorial race was on June 22, 2018, with primary elections being held on August 28, 2018. Florida uses a closed primary process, in which the selection of each party's candidates for a general election is limited to registered members of that party. Andrew Gillum won the Democratic primary, and Ron DeSantis won the Republican primary.", "title": "2018 Florida gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lee Eui-geun (7 November 1938 – 21 April 2009) is the governor of Gyeongsangbuk-do, a province in eastern South Korea. He is a member of the Hannara party. He has served three consecutive terms in the position, beginning in 1995. His name has been mentioned as a possible future candidate for prime minister.", "title": "Lee Eui-geun" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ion Lowndes Farris (September 14, 1878 – November 10, 1934) was an American politician and attorney from the state of Florida. He served as both a member of the Florida House of Representatives and the Florida Senate. He served twice as the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives at a time when the legislature meet only once every two years, in both 1909 and 1913 and President of the Florida Senate in 1913. He was an ardent supporter of former Governor of Florida Napoleon Broward, and led the effort to get Broward County, Florida named after him. He also led efforts to reduce the amount of Committees in the Senate. In 1916, he made a run for Governor, but lost the Democrat primary. However, he led efforts to drain the Everglades, and forced the other candidates to take a position on the issue.", "title": "Ion Farris" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WDBC (680 AM, \"The Information Authority\") is a radio station licensed to Escanaba, Michigan broadcasting a full-service format featuring news, talk and adult standards music.", "title": "WDBC" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 -- March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States (1909 -- 1913) and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921 -- 1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president in 1908, the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt, but was defeated for re-election by Woodrow Wilson in 1912 after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third - party candidate. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft to be chief justice, a position in which he served until a month before his death.", "title": "William Howard Taft" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Timothy S. Bee is a Republican politician and business owner who served in the Arizona State Senate from 2001 through 2008. He was first elected to the Arizona Senate in 2001 and left in 2009 due to term limits. In 2008, he was the Republican candidate for Arizona's 8th congressional district seat in the United States House of Representatives. He lost to incumbent Democrat Gabrielle Giffords. Arizona Governor Jan Brewer later appointed him to head her Tucson office.", "title": "Tim Bee" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Cromwell Hand (May 6, 1899 – April 9, 1988) was an American Republican Party politician and judge who served in the New Jersey State Senate. He was a candidate for the 1953 Republican nomination for Governor of New Jersey.", "title": "Kenneth Hand" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2006 she was elected to serve in the Senate of Mexico for a six-year term. She left the Senate to run for Governor of the state of Colima. In 2009 She was designated the PAN candidate for the 2009 Colima state election. Sosa was defeated by the PRI candidate.", "title": "Leticia Sosa" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The practice of a presidential candidate having a running mate was solidified during the American Civil War. In 1864, in the interest of fostering national unity, Abraham Lincoln from the Republican Party (popular in the North) and Andrew Johnson of the Democratic Party (popular in the South), were co-endorsed and run together for President and Vice-President as candidates of the National Union Party. Notwithstanding this party disbanded after the war ended, with the result that Republican Lincoln was succeeded by Democrat Johnson; the states began to place candidates for President and Vice-President together on the same ballot ticket - thus making it impossible to vote for a presidential candidate from one party and a vice-presidential candidate from another party, as had previously been possible.", "title": "Running mate" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florida gubernatorial election, 2018 ← 2014 November 6, 2018 2022 → Nominee Ron DeSantis Andrew Gillum Party Republican Democratic Running mate Jeanette Núñez Chris King Incumbent Governor Rick Scott Republican", "title": "2018 Florida gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With incumbent President George Washington having refused a third term in office, incumbent Vice President John Adams from Massachusetts became a candidate for the presidency on the Federalist Party ticket with former Governor Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina as the next most popular Federalist. Their opponents were former Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson from Virginia along with Senator Aaron Burr of New York of the Democratic - Republicans. At this point, each man from any party ran alone, as the formal position of ``running mate ''had not yet been established.", "title": "1796 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michigan gubernatorial election, 2018 ← 2014 November 6, 2018 2022 → Nominee Bill Schuette Gretchen Whitmer Bill Gelineau Party Republican Democratic Libertarian Running mate Lisa Posthumus Lyons Garlin Gilchrist II Angelique Thomas Incumbent Governor Rick Snyder Republican", "title": "2018 Michigan gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1924 was the 35th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1924. Incumbent President Calvin Coolidge, the Republican candidate, was elected to a full term.", "title": "1924 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time and Democratic presidents 40 percent of the time, with these numbers being 40/60 for Republican candidates. In the 2008 presidential election, Montana was considered a swing state and was ultimately won by Republican John McCain, albeit by a narrow margin of two percent.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Virginia gubernatorial election of 2017 was held on November 7, 2017. The incumbent governor, Democrat Terry McAuliffe, was not eligible to run for re-election due to term limits established by the Virginia Constitution. Virginia is the only state that prohibits its governor from serving consecutive terms.", "title": "2017 Virginia gubernatorial election" } ]

[ { "answer": "Michigan", "id": 130402, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What is the name of the state where WDBC is located?", "raw_question": "What is the name of the state where WDBC is located?", "statement": "This sub-question is not provided. Please provide the complete sub-question." }, { "answer": "Bill Schuette", "id": 66618, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "who are the republican candidates running for governor in Michigan", "raw_question": "who are the republican candidates running for governor in #1", "statement": "Bill Schuette is a Republican candidate running for governor in Michigan." }, { "answer": "Michigan Attorney General", "id": 440465, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Bill Schuette >> position held", "raw_question": "#2 >> position held", "statement": "Bill Schuette held the position of Michigan Attorney General." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by J.K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. Five million copies were sold in the first 24 hours of publication. It is the longest book of the series.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is a fantasy book written by British author J.K. Rowling and the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series. The book was released on 21 July 2007, ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. It was published by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom, in the United States by Scholastic, and in Canada by Raincoast Books. The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince (2005), and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Jay (December 23, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American statesman, patriot, diplomat, Founding Father of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789–1795). He directed U.S. foreign policy for much of the 1780s and was an important leader of the Federalist Party after the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788.", "title": "John Jay" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is a fantasy novel written by British author J.K. Rowling. It is the first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling's debut novel, first published in 1997 by Bloomsbury. It was published in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone by Scholastic Corporation in 1998. The plot follows Harry Potter, a young wizard who discovers his magical heritage as he makes close friends and a few enemies in his first year at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. With the help of his friends, Harry faces an attempted comeback by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents, but failed to kill Harry when he was just 15 months old.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The fictional universe of British author J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series of fantasy novels comprises two distinct societies: the Wizarding World and the Muggle world. In the novels, the Muggle world is the world inhabited by the non-magical majority, with which the Wizarding world exists coextensively, albeit mostly remaining hidden from the non-magical humans. The plot of the series is set in 1990s Britain, but in a veiled and separate shadow society wherein magic is commonly used and practised, and those who can use it live in self - enforced seclusion, hiding their abilities from the rest of the world. The term ``Wizarding World ''refers to the global wizard community that lives hidden in parallel with the Muggle world; the different terms refer to different communities within the same area rather than separate planets or worlds. Any new works taking place in this universe are released under the`` J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World'' brand.", "title": "Fictional universe of Harry Potter" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Cover art of the original UK edition Author J.K. Rowling Illustrator Giles Greenfield (UK) Mary GrandPré (US) Country United Kingdom Language English Series Harry Potter Release number 4th in series Genre Fantasy Publisher Bloomsbury (UK) (Canada 2010 -- present) Arthur A. Levine / Scholastic (US) Raincoast (Canada 1998 -- 2010) Publication date 8 July 2000 Pages 636 (Original UK Edition) 617 (2014 UK Edition) 734 (US Edition) ISBN 0 - 7475 - 4624 - X Preceded by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Followed by Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix", "title": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World. The magical government in Britain is first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the Ministry makes its first proper appearance in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Throughout the books, it is generally depicted as either corrupt, incompetent, or both, with its high officials blind to actual events and dangers. It reaches a zenith of corruption before being effectively taken over by Lord Voldemort. At the end of the final book, following Voldemort's death, Kingsley Shacklebolt takes over the ministry, changing it for the better. By the time of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, Hermione Granger - Weasley, wife of Ronald Weasley and mother of Rose and Hugo, is the Minister for Magic.", "title": "Ministry of Magic" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor best known for his role as Harry Potter in the film series of the same name. He made his acting debut at 10 years of age in BBC One's 1999 television film David Copperfield, followed by his cinematic debut in 2001's The Tailor of Panama. At age 11, he was cast as Harry Potter in the first Harry Potter film, and starred in the series for 10 years until the release of the eighth and final film in 2011.", "title": "Daniel Radcliffe" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Motion Picture Director Writer Producer (s) Composer Novel by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Chris Columbus Steve Kloves David Heyman John Williams Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Alfonso Cuarón Chris Columbus, David Heyman & Mark Radcliffe Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Mike Newell David Heyman Patrick Doyle Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix David Yates Michael Goldenberg David Heyman & David Barron Nicholas Hooper Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince Steve Kloves Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 David Heyman, David Barron & J.K. Rowling Alexandre Desplat Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2", "title": "Harry Potter (film series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumminio is the author of \"God and Harry Potter at Yale: Teaching Faith and Fantasy Fiction in an Ivy League Classroom\" and was the instructor of the \"Christian Theology and Harry Potter\" seminar at Yale University in the spring of 2008; in 2011, she repeated the course at Tufts University. Tumminio has also presented material on the intersection between theology and the Harry Potter series at the Infinitus Symposium in Orlando, Florida in 2010, the Portus Symposium in Dallas, Texas, in the summer of 2008, and she chaired the panel on Harry Potter and Religion at the 2008 American Academy of Religion conference. Her teaching has been praised by Harry Potter commentator John Granger on his Hogwarts Professor website.", "title": "Danielle Elizabeth Tumminio" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey is a motion - based dark ride located in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter themed areas of Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, Universal Studios Hollywood in Universal City, California, and Universal Studios Japan in Osaka, Japan. The ride takes guests through scenes and environments in and around Hogwarts Castle from the Harry Potter series of books and films. Mark Woodbury, president of Universal Creative, described the ride as an in - depth look at the world of Harry Potter, which utilizes never - before - seen technology which transforms ``the theme park experience as you know it ''. The ride first opened at Islands of Adventure with The Wizarding World of Harry Potter on June 18, 2010, at Universal Studios Japan on July 15, 2014, and at Universal Studios Hollywood on April 7, 2016.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wrockstock was a yearly music festival featuring wizard rock, music inspired by the world of Harry Potter. Its name is a play on the music festival Woodstock. Wrockstock was first held in 2007. Organized by Abby Hupp, it was the first large Wizard Rock gathering of its kind that was not part of a general Harry Potter fan conference. It took place at the YMCA summer camp near Ozark, Missouri. The first year it was titled \"WRockstock Spooktacular\". It doubled as a fundraiser for the Harry Potter Alliance, a charitable foundation run by Harry Potter fans. Its final festival was in 2013.", "title": "Wrockstock" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Quidditch Through the Ages is a 2001 book written by British author J. K. Rowling using the pseudonym of Kennilworthy Whisp about Quidditch in the \"Harry Potter\" universe. It purports to be the Hogwarts library's copy of the non-fiction book of the same name mentioned in several novels of the \"Harry Potter\" series.", "title": "Quidditch Through the Ages" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (released in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on the novel of the same name by J.K. Rowling. The film is the first instalment in the long - running Harry Potter film series, and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman. Its story follows Harry Potter's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter is a British - American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J.K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 (2011). A spin - off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise.", "title": "Harry Potter (film series)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jay Treaty Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and The United States of America First page of the Jay Treaty Context To relieve post-war tension between Britain and the United States Signed November 19, 1794 (1794 - 11 - 19) Location London Effective February 29, 1796 (1796 - 02 - 29) Negotiators William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville John Jay Signatories Kingdom of Great Britain United States Jay's Treaty at Wikisource", "title": "Jay Treaty" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dumbledore is portrayed by Richard Harris in the film adaptations of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. After Harris' death, Michael Gambon portrayed Dumbledore for all of the remaining Harry Potter films. Jude Law will portray Dumbledore in the untitled sequel to Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.", "title": "Albus Dumbledore" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World. The magical government in Britain is first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone; the Ministry makes its first proper appearance in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Throughout the books, it is generally depicted as either corrupt, incompetent, or both, with its high officials blind to actual events and dangers. It reaches a zenith of corruption before being effectively taken over by Lord Voldemort. At the end of the final book, following Voldemort's death, Kingsley Shacklebolt takes over the ministry, changing it for the better. By the time of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, Hermione Granger is the Minister for Magic.", "title": "Ministry of Magic" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bonnie Francesca Wright (born 17 February 1991) is a British actress, film director, screenwriter, model and producer. She is best known for playing the role of Ginny Weasley in the Harry Potter film series, based on the Harry Potter novel series by British author J.K. Rowling.", "title": "Bonnie Wright" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Draco Lucius Malfoy is a character in J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" series. He is a student in Harry Potter's year belonging in the Slytherin house. He is frequently accompanied by his two cronies, Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle, who act as henchmen. Draco is characterised as a cowardly bully who manipulates and hurts people to get what he wants; nevertheless, he is a cunning user of magic. He was played by Tom Felton in the Harry Potter film series.", "title": "Draco Malfoy" } ]

[ { "answer": "Britain", "id": 71241, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "where does the harry potter series take place", "raw_question": "where does the harry potter series take place", "statement": "The Harry Potter series takes place in Britain." }, { "answer": "John Jay", "id": 56765, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "minister to Britain who negotiated a treaty in 1795", "raw_question": "minister to #1 who negotiated a treaty in 1795", "statement": "John Jay was the minister to Britain who negotiated a treaty in 1795." }, { "answer": "Chief Justice of the United States", "id": 148411, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What is the position of John Jay ?", "raw_question": "What is the position of #2 ?", "statement": "John Jay was the Chief Justice of the United States." } ]

[ "Chief Justice", "Governor of New York" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Kościan is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Kościan, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Kościan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Bełchatów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bełchatów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Bełchatów" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ventress Correctional Facility is an Alabama Department of Corrections state prison for men located in Clayton, Barbour County, Alabama. Opened in August 1990 with a capacity for 1650 inmates, Ventress was the state's first correctional facility dedicated to drug and alcohol treatment as its primary mission.", "title": "Ventress Correctional Facility" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Kłodzko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Kłodzko, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Kłodzko" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Lubawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It takes its name from the town of Lubawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. The administrative seat of the gmina is the village of Fijewo, which lies close to Lubawa.", "title": "Gmina Lubawa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Sierpc is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Sierpc, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Sierpc" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jones was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, becoming the first Democratic U.S. Senator from Alabama since Howell Heflin's retirement in 1997.", "title": "2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Chełmno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Chełmno, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Chełmno" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Ozorków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ozorków, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Ozorków" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Chojnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Chojnów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Chojnów" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Jordanów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jordanów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Jordanów" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Kwidzyn is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kwidzyn, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Kwidzyn" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Suwałki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Suwałki, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Suwałki" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Elbląg is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Elbląg, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Elbląg" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Century is a census-designated place and coal town in Barbour County, West Virginia, USA. Its population was 115 as of the 2010 census.", "title": "Century, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Oława is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Oława, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Oława" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" } ]

[ { "answer": "Barbour County", "id": 568798, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Century >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Century >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Century is located in Barbour County." }, { "answer": "Alabama", "id": 362911, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Barbour County >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Barbour County is located in the state of Alabama." }, { "answer": "January 3, 2018", "id": 92119, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "when will the next senator from Alabama be seated", "raw_question": "when will the next senator from #2 be seated", "statement": "The next senator from Alabama will be seated on January 3, 2018." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Solitary Witness: The Life and Death of Franz Jägerstätter is a book written by Gordon Zahn originally published in 1964.", "title": "In Solitary Witness" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Phoebe Cary (September 4, 1822July 31, 1871) was an American poet, and the younger sister of poet Alice Cary (1820–1871). The sisters co-published poems in 1849, and then each went on to publish volumes of her own. After their deaths in 1871, joint anthologies of the sisters' unpublished poems were also compiled.", "title": "Phoebe Cary" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IOP Publishing eight times per year.", "title": "Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KONI (104.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Lanai City, Hawaii. The station is owned by Hochman Hawaii Publishing, Inc. It airs an Oldies music format.", "title": "KONI (FM)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Croatian Journal of Philosophy is a peer-reviewed academic journal of philosophy, publishing articles of diverse currents in English. The journal publishes three issues per year with the support of the Republic of Croatia's Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports. All issues are available in electronic format from the Central and Eastern European Online Library and the Philosophy Documentation Center.", "title": "Croatian Journal of Philosophy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Death Times Three is a collection of Nero Wolfe novellas by Rex Stout, published posthumously by Bantam Books in 1985. It is the only collection of Stout's Nero Wolfe stories not to have appeared first in hardcover. The book contains three stories, one never before published:", "title": "Death Times Three" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.", "title": "Random House" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poe is believed to have written ``The Bells ''in May 1848 and submitted it three times to Sartain's Union Magazine, a magazine run by John Sartain, until it was finally accepted. He was paid fifteen dollars for his work, though it was not published until after his death in the November 1849 issue. It was also published in the New York Tribune on the front page of its October 20, 1849 issue as`` Poe's Last Poem''.", "title": "The Bells (poem)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Door to Death\" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published in the June 1949 issue of \"The American Magazine\". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection \"Three Doors to Death\", published by the Viking Press in 1950.", "title": "Door to Death" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter B. Pitkin, Jr., Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine, with funding from Grosset & Dunlap and Curtis Publishing Company. It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General, Carl Lindner's American Financial and, most recently, Bertelsmann; it became part of Random House in 1998, when Bertelsmann purchased it to form Bantam Doubleday Dell. It began as a mass market publisher, mostly of reprints of hardcover books, with some original paperbacks as well. It expanded into both trade paperback and hardcover books, including original works, often reprinted in house as mass-market editions.", "title": "Bantam Books" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ideas y Valores is an academic journal of philosophy edited and published by the National University of Colombia. It appears three times per year and publishes articles in all areas of philosophy.", "title": "Ideas y Valores" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a Glass Darkly is a collection of five short stories by Sheridan Le Fanu, first published in 1872, the year before his death. The second and third are revised versions of previously published stories, and the fourth and fifth are long enough to be called novellas.", "title": "In a Glass Darkly" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Zero Clue\" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published as \"Scared to Death\" in the December 1953 issue of \"The American Magazine\". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection \"Three Men Out\", published by the Viking Press in 1954.", "title": "The Zero Clue" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Next Witness\" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published as \"The Last Witness\" in the May 1955 issue of \"The American Magazine\". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection \"Three Witnesses\", published by the Viking Press in 1956.", "title": "The Next Witness" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"A Window for Death\" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published as \"Nero Wolfe and the Vanishing Clue\" in the May 1956 issue of \"The American Magazine\". It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection \"Three for the Chair\", published by the Viking Press in 1957.", "title": "A Window for Death" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "If Death Ever Slept is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, published by the Viking Press in 1957 and collected in the omnibus volume \"Three Trumps\" (Viking 1973).", "title": "If Death Ever Slept" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European Review of Economic History is an international peer-reviewed academic journal published three times per year by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Historical Economics Society. The journal intends to be a publishing outlet for research into European, comparative and world economic history, through the medium of research articles, shorter note and comments, debates, surveys and review articles.", "title": "European Review of Economic History" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Le Zombie was an intermittent (\"Published every time a zombie awakens\") science fiction fanzine, of which 72 issues were published by science fiction fan and author Bob Tucker from December 1938 to August 2001. The first issue was a single, crudely mimeographed sheet; the last printed issue was published in December 1975 by planography. After a 25-year hiatus, Tucker resumed publishing in 2000; these last 5 issues (also referred to as \"eZombie\", but preserving the same numbering sequence) were electronically published as a webzine. The title refers to the \"Tucker death hoaxes\" which played such a distinctive role in fan history.", "title": "Le Zombie" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tales in Time is an anthology of science fiction short stories about time (though not necessarily, as is usual in the genre, time travel), edited by Peter Crowther. It was first published as a trade paperback by White Wolf Publishing in April 1997. It was issued as a companion to \"Three in Time\" from the same publisher; the two books were followed up by a similar pair, \"Three in Space\" and \"Tales in Space\", published in 1998.", "title": "Tales in Time" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint on TV is a collection of two mystery novellas by Fleming Lee, continuing the adventures of the sleuth Simon Templar a.k.a. \"The Saint\", created by Leslie Charteris. This book was first published in the United States in 1968 by The Crime Club, and in the United Kingdom later that year by Hodder and Stoughton. This is the first time since 1948's \"Call for the Saint\" that the novella format had been used in the series; with a few exceptions where full-length novels were published, the novella format would remain the norm until the series concluded in the early 1980s. It is the first of three Saint books to first see publication in 1968, which was also the 40th anniversary of the character's introduction.", "title": "The Saint on TV" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bantam Books", "id": 150120, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "The publisher that published Death Times Three is what?", "raw_question": "The publisher that published Death Times Three is what?", "statement": "Bantam Books published Death Times Three." }, { "answer": "Random House", "id": 301867, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Bantam Books >> owned by", "raw_question": "#1 >> owned by", "statement": "Random House owns Bantam Books." }, { "answer": "2001", "id": 127418, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Which year witnessed the formation of Random House ?", "raw_question": "Which year witnessed the formation of #2 ?", "statement": "Random House was formed in 2001." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff. The route to London was opened in 1840 by what was to become the London and South Western Railway Company. Both this and its successor the Southern Railway (UK) played a significant role in the creation of the modern port following their purchase and development of the town's docks.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 6 April 2011, after his proposed \"Plan for Stability and Growth IV\" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Ireland had done previously. It was the third time that the Portuguese government had requested external financial aid from the IMF—the first occasion occurred in the late 1970s following the Carnation's Revolution. In October 2011, Moody's Investor Services downgraded nine Portuguese banks due to financial weakness.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The British Rail sandwich has been used as a negative point of comparison for other ready-to-serve meals, especially regarding transportation in the United Kingdom, and representative of the negative effects of British nationalisation of industry in the middle of the 20th century. A 1997 article in \"The Independent\" referred to the sandwich as \"an indictment of statist, bureaucratic corporations\" privatised by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who had \"swept aside James Callaghan, prices and incomes policies and the British Rail sandwich\".", "title": "British Rail sandwich" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Blackman (1897 – March 2003), was born in Barbados and served as a Private in the 4th British West Indies Regiment during the First World War. Following the death of former Jamaican soldier Eugent Clarke in 2002, George Blackman was the last living man from the Caribbean who was known to have served in the Great War.", "title": "George Blackman" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House, and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution. The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work. At one stage, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament, after the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Other exceptions include Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle.[citation needed]", "title": "Westminster Abbey" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece's rail network is estimated to be at 2,548 km. Rail transport in Greece is operated by TrainOSE, a subsidiary of the Hellenic Railways Organization (OSE). Most of the country's network is standard gauge (1,565 km), while the country also has 983 km of narrow gauge. A total of 764 km of rail are electrified. Greece has rail connections with Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia and Turkey. A total of three suburban railway systems (Proastiakos) are in operation (in Athens, Thessaloniki and Patras), while one metro system is operational in Athens with another under construction.", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The northern end of the Long Walk is at the George IV Gateway at Windsor Castle. The Copper Horse is a statue of George III on horseback, and is said to represent George as an emperor in the Roman tradition riding without stirrups, along the lines of the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius. A comparison has also been made to the equestrian statue of Peter the Great in Saint Petersburg.", "title": "The Copper Horse" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Canadian Pacific\" is a song written by Ray Griff and recorded by American country music artist George Hamilton IV. It was released in June 1969 as the first single from his album \"Canadian Pacific\". The song, about a cross-Canada trip aboard the eponymous railway, peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "title": "Canadian Pacific (song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to the General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council. The former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council on George IV Bridge was used for the MSP's offices. Following the move to Holyrood in 2004 this building was demolished. The former Midlothian County Buildings facing Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge in Edinburgh (originally built as the headquarters of the pre-1975 Midlothian County Council) housed the Parliament's visitors' centre and shop, whilst the main hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room.", "title": "Scottish Parliament" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Row River National Recreation Trail is a rails to trails conversion in the U.S. state of Oregon. It follows the Row River for between Cottage Grove and Culp Creek, passing by Dorena Lake, and provides access to many forest trails of Umpqua National Forest.", "title": "Row River National Recreation Trail" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On tracks that London Underground share with National Rail third-rail stock (the Bakerloo and District lines both have such sections), the centre rail is connected to the running rails, allowing both types of train to operate, at a compromise voltage of 660 V. Underground trains pass from one section to the other at speed; lineside electrical connections and resistances separate the two types of supply. These routes were originally solely electrified on the four-rail system by the LNWR before National Rail trains were rewired to their standard three-rail system to simplify rolling stock use.", "title": "Railway electrification system" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Railinfratrust Company (RIT) is the owner of the rail infrastructure in the Netherlands. ProRail B.V. is the part of RIT that takes care of maintenance and extension of the national railway network infrastructure, of allocating rail capacity, and of traffic control. NS Railinfratrust is a government agency but is not the same company as Nederlandse Spoorwegen. NS Railinfratrust consists of the following infrastructure management organisations: \"Railinfrabeheer\" (Rail Infrastructure Management, RIB); \"Railned\" (railway capacity allocation) (planning more than 52 hours before the day of the train service); \"Railverkeersleiding\" (Traffic Control) (planning from 52 hours before the day of the train service)", "title": "NS Railinfratrust" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was consecrated to the episcopacy in 1961 and elected Metropolitan of Latakia in Syria in 1970. His style as metropolitan broke with the former tradition of episcopal grandeur and he inaugurated an authentic practice of frequent communion. On July 2, 1979, under the name of Ignatius IV, he became the Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, the third ranking hierarch of the Orthodox Church after the Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople and Alexandria.During an official visit to the patriarch's residence in May 2010, Russian Federation President Dmitry Medvedev awarded the Antiochian Orthodox patriarch the Russian Order of Friendship.On December 5, 2012 he died in St. George's Hospital in Beirut, Lebanon following a stroke. His death was reported to and published exclusively via the Syrian state news agency SANA. Patriarch Ignatius IV of Antioch did not support the Syrian rebel uprising of 2011-2012 and called for a peaceful political dialogue. He was buried in Syria.", "title": "Ignatius IV of Antioch" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otto IV, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal, nicknamed \"Otto with the arrow\" ( – 27 November 1308 or 1309) was the Margrave of Brandenburg from the House of Ascania from 1266 until his death.", "title": "Otto IV, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pope Benedict IV (; died 30 July 903) was Pope from 1 February 900 to his death in 903. The tenth-century historian Flodoard, who nicknamed him \"the Great\", commended his noble birth and public generosity. He succeeded Pope John IX (898–900) and was followed by Pope Leo V (903).", "title": "Pope Benedict IV" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Peacekeeper Rail Garrison is a mobile missile system that was developed by the United States Air Force during the 1980s as part of a plan to place fifty MGM-118A Peacekeeper intercontinental ballistic missiles on the rail network of the United States. The railcars were intended, in case of increased threat of nuclear war, to be deployed onto the nation's rail network to avoid being destroyed by a first strike counterforce attack by the Soviet Union. However the plan was cancelled as part of defense cutbacks following the end of the Cold War, and the Peacekeeper missiles were installed in silo launchers as LGM-118s instead.", "title": "Peacekeeper Rail Garrison" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "APTIS was the Accountancy and Passenger Ticket Issuing System used on the British Rail/National Rail until 2007. It was originally called \"Advanced Passenger Ticket Issuing System\" as it was being developed at the time of the Advanced Passenger Train.", "title": "APTIS" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SANAE is the South African National Antarctic Expedition. The name refers both to the overwintering bases (numbered in Roman numerals, e.g. SANAE IV), and the team spending the winter (numbered in Arabic numerals, e.g. SANAE 47). The current base, SANAE IV, is located at Vesleskarvet in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Summer teams comprise administrative and maintenance personnel, helicopter crew and scientists from various countries and can be up to 100 people. Overwintering teams consist of scientists and support personnel from South Africa, typically totalling 10 members in recent years.", "title": "SANAE" } ]

[ { "answer": "British Rail", "id": 782226, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "National Rail >> follows", "raw_question": "National Rail >> follows", "statement": "The National Rail follows British Rail." }, { "answer": "United Kingdom", "id": 106876, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What is the country British Rail sandwich is from?", "raw_question": "What is the country #1 sandwich is from?", "statement": "George IV of the United Kingdom died." }, { "answer": "Windsor Castle", "id": 666248, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "George IV of United Kingdom >> place of death", "raw_question": "George IV of #2 >> place of death", "statement": "George IV of the United Kingdom died at Windsor Castle." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Plague of Vienna occurred in 1679 in Vienna, Austria, the imperial residence of the Austrian Habsburg rulers. From contemporary descriptions, the disease is believed to have been bubonic plague, which is caused by the bacterium \"Yersinia pestis\", carried by fleas associated with the black rat and other rodents. The city was crippled by the epidemic, which recurred fitfully into the early 1680s, claiming an estimated 76,000 residents.", "title": "Great Plague of Vienna" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Akan (/ əˈkæn /) are a meta - ethnicity predominantly speaking Central Tano languages and residing in the southern regions of the former Gold Coast region in what is today the nation of Ghana. Akans who historically migrated from Ghana also make up a plurality of the populace in the Ivory Coast.", "title": "Akan people" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures. As it spread to western Europe, the disease entered the region from southern Russia also. By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea. During 1347, the disease travelled eastward to Gaza, and north along the eastern coast to cities in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, including Ashkelon, Acre, Jerusalem, Sidon, Damascus, Homs, and Aleppo. In 1348–49, the disease reached Antioch. The city's residents fled to the north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia Minor.[citation needed]", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Hellenistic period, the importance of \"Greece proper\" (that is, the territory of modern Greece) within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Seleucid Empire, respectively.", "title": "Ancient Greece" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Lord of the Dance ''is a hymn with words written by English songwriter Sydney Carter in 1963. He borrowed the tune from the American Shaker song`` Simple Gifts''. The hymn is widely performed in English - speaking congregations and assemblies.", "title": "Lord of the Dance (hymn)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a \"screen\" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply \"the son of Enlil\", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the sun. The role of Apollo as god of plague is evident in the invocation of Apollo Smintheus (\"mouse Apollo\") by Chryses, the Trojan priest of Apollo, with the purpose of sending a plague against the Greeks (the reasoning behind a god of the plague becoming a god of healing is of course apotropaic, meaning that the god responsible for bringing the plague must be appeased in order to remove the plague).", "title": "Apollo" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Speak is the debut studio album by American actress and singer Lindsay Lohan. It was released in the United States on December 7, 2004, by Casablanca Records. The album was the first high-seller from Casablanca Records in several years, selling 1,000,000 units in the United States.", "title": "Speak (Lindsay Lohan album)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first European epidemic of the bubonic plague dates back to the mid 6th century and is called the Plague of Justinian. The largest plague epidemic was the Black Death in Europe in the 14th century. In medieval times, the large loss of people (due to the bubonic plague) in a town created an economic disaster. Community plague doctors were quite valuable and were given special privileges; for example, plague doctors were freely allowed to perform autopsies, which were otherwise generally forbidden in Medieval Europe, to research a cure for the plague.In some cases, plague doctors were so valuable that when Barcelona dispatched two to Tortosa in 1650, outlaws captured them en route and demanded a ransom. The city of Barcelona paid for their release. The city of Orvieto hired Matteo fu Angelo in 1348 for four times the normal rate of a doctor of 50-florin per year. Pope Clement VI hired several extra plague doctors during the Black Death plague. They were to attend to the sick people of Avignon. Of 18 doctors in Venice, only one was left by 1348: five had died of the plague, and 12 were missing and may have fled.", "title": "Plague doctor" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melan marainadu is a village situated in state of Tamil Nadu, in the southern part of India. The mother tongue of the residents is Tamil, even though a considerable population speak Telugu.", "title": "Melanmarainadu" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sumve, Tanzania is located in the Kwimba District of the Mwanza Region, in Tanzania. Sumve's residents are predominantly from the Wasukuma tribe, the largest in Tanzania, but some of Sumve's institutions employ Wahaya, Wajita, Wakerewe, Wanyamwezi and others from neighboring tribes. Therefore, many of the residents speak Kisukuma along with Swahili, the national language. The population was 16,436 in 2012, making it the 15th most populous ward in the Kwimba district.", "title": "Sumve" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People began to be alarmed. Samuel Pepys, who had an important position at the Admiralty, stayed in London and provided a contemporary account of the plague through his diary. On 30 April he wrote: ``Great fears of the sickness here in the City it being said that two or three houses are already shut up. God preserve us all! ''Another source of information on the time is a fictional account, A Journal of the Plague Year, which was written by Daniel Defoe and published in 1722. He had been only six when the plague struck but made use of his family's recollections (his uncle was a saddler in East London and his father a butcher in Cripplegate), interviews with survivors and sight of such official records as were available.", "title": "Great Plague of London" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb. James Babson provides Stratton's speaking and singing voice.", "title": "The Greatest Showman" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harrisburg is a ghost town in Washington County, Utah, United States. Established as Harrisville in 1859, the town was flooded by the Virgin River in 1862, causing the residents to move farther up Quail Creek. Soon after, the town's name was changed to Harrisburg. By 1868, 200 people lived in Harrisburg; however, over the course of the next few years, floods, Native American raids, and a grasshopper plague caused people to relocate to the nearby towns of Leeds and Silver Reef. By 1895, Harrisburg was abandoned.", "title": "Harrisburg, Utah" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nation has nine recognized ethnic groups. According to SIL Ethnologue, Tigrayans make up about 50% of the population; the Tigre, who also speak a Semitic language, constitute around 30% of residents. Most of the rest of the population belong to other Afro - Asiatic - speaking communities of the Cushitic branch. Additionally, there are a number of Nilo - Saharan - speaking ethnic minorities and other smaller groups.", "title": "Demographics of Eritrea" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around 1300–1350 the Medieval Warm Period gave way to the Little Ice Age. The colder climate resulted in agricultural crises, the first of which is known as the Great Famine of 1315-1317. The demographic consequences of this famine, however, were not as severe as the plagues that occurred later in the century, particularly the Black Death. Estimates of the death rate caused by this epidemic range from one third to as much as sixty percent. By around 1420, the accumulated effect of recurring plagues and famines had reduced the population of Europe to perhaps no more than a third of what it was a century earlier. The effects of natural disasters were exacerbated by armed conflicts; this was particularly the case in France during the Hundred Years' War.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lenka Pichlíková – Burke (born July 28, 1954 at Prague) is an American actress of Czech descent, the seventh generation of her family to appear onstage since the 18th century. Her great-uncle was the noted national actor, Ladislav Pešek. While in Czechoslovakia, she performed on stage in many theatres, played in twelve films, and created over 40 television roles, rising to the rank of Advanced Master Artist. In addition to performing as a speaking actress, she was also involved professionally in classic pantomime. Since the 1980s she has resided in the United States. In the United States, she has performed onstage in speaking roles as well as in pantomime productions for more than 25 years. Since 1988, she has been a member of the Actors' Equity Association, the union which represents professional actors. In 2006 she was named the \"Best Mime\" of Fairfield County, Connecticut. She teaches performing arts, dramatic literature, and cultural history, and translates plays.", "title": "Lenka Pichlíková-Burke" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2006 (18th annual) World Music Awards were held in London, England and hosted by Lindsay Lohan on 15 November 2006.", "title": "2006 World Music Awards" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England. Over the next few hundred years, further outbreaks occurred in 1361–62, 1369, 1379–83, 1389–93, and throughout the first half of the 15th century. An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10–15% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479–80 could have been as high as 20%. The most general outbreaks in Tudor and Stuart England seem to have begun in 1498, 1535, 1543, 1563, 1589, 1603, 1625, and 1636, and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665.", "title": "Black Death" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lindsay Lohan", "id": 808793, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Speak >> performer", "raw_question": "Speak >> performer", "statement": "Lindsay Lohan is the performer of the movie Speak." }, { "answer": "London", "id": 327488, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Lindsay Lohan >> residence", "raw_question": "#1 >> residence", "statement": "Lindsay Lohan resides in London." }, { "answer": "1665", "id": 41129, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "When was the great plague of London ?", "raw_question": "When was the great plague of #2 ?", "statement": "The great plague of London was in 1665." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WILN (105.9 FM, \"Island 106\") is a US commercial radio station located in Panama City, Florida. WILN airs a Top 40 (CHR) music format.", "title": "WILN" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KGTM is a Hot AC formatted radio station located in Shelley, Idaho, broadcasting to Eastern Idaho area on 98.1 FM.", "title": "KGTM" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WQTL (106.1 FM, \"Kool Oldies 106.1\") is an oldies music formatted radio station in Tallahassee, Florida, United States, owned by Adams Radio Group. Its studios are located in northeast Tallahassee, and its transmitter is located due north of downtown Tallahassee.", "title": "WQTL" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ritual dances of Karnataka are known as Kunitha. One such dance is the Dollu Kunitha, a popular dance form accompanied by singing and the beats of decorated drums. This dance is primarily performed by men from the shepherd or Kuruba caste. The Dollu Kunitha is characterized by vigorous drum beats, quick movements and synchronized group formations.", "title": "Folk arts of Karnataka" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Zusailing Formation is located in Baoting County, Hainan Province, China. It contains carbonaceous phyllite with interbeds of crystalline limestone. Its dated to the late Silurian Period.", "title": "Zusailing Formation" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WCCL is an American radio station physically located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania located at 101.7 FM, but licensed to the community of Central City, Pennsylvania. The oldies formatted station currently carries a syndicated feed of Westwood One's \"Good Time Oldies\" format. The station is owned by Forever Media, LLC.", "title": "WCCL" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with \"emerging\" and \"developing\" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that \"advanced\" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014. In the tables, the names of emergent economies are shown in boldface type, while the names of developed economies are in Roman (regular) type.", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WKKO is a commercial FM radio station in Toledo, Ohio broadcasting on 99.9 MHz with a country music format. It is owned by Cumulus Media. The station's studios are located in Toledo, and its transmitter is located in Harbor View, Ohio.", "title": "WKKO" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Birdbrain is the second album by American alternative rock band Buffalo Tom, released in 1990. Dinosaur Jr mastermind J Mascis once again assisted with production, alongside Sean Slade. Buffalo Tom singer/guitarist Bill Janovitz said that Mascis' influence probably accented the band's edgier side.", "title": "Birdbrain (album)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WOLT (103.3 FM, \"ALT 103.3\") is an FM radio station in Indianapolis, Indiana. The alternative rock-formatted station is owned by iHeartMedia. The studios are located at 6161 Fall Creek Road on the northeast side of Indianapolis. The transmitter and antenna are located on the northwest side of Indianapolis.", "title": "WOLT" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WCBM (680 AM, \"Talkradio 680\") is a Talk-formatted broadcast radio station serving Baltimore, Maryland. Its transmitter is located in Randallstown, Maryland.", "title": "WCBM" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KQRX (95.1 FM, \"Rock 95.1\") is a commercial radio station located in Midland, Texas, broadcasting to the Midland-Odessa market. KQRX airs an active rock music format.", "title": "KQRX" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Little Big Shots is an Australian reality television show which premiered on the Seven Network on 27 August 2017. The program, based on the American format of the same name, is hosted by Shane Jacobson and features performances by children aged 3 to 13 years old.", "title": "Little Big Shots (Australian TV series)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Buffalo Tom is an American alternative rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, formed in 1986. Its principal members are guitarist Bill Janovitz, bassist Chris Colbourn, and drummer Tom Maginnis. The band's name is derived from the band Buffalo Springfield and the first name of the drummer.", "title": "Buffalo Tom" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Imogene Coca Show is a half-hour NBC television series starring Imogene Coca in both situation comedy and variety show formats. The program debuted on October 2, 1954, after the ending of Sid Caesar's \"Your Show of Shows\", on which Coca had been a popular regular performer.", "title": "The Imogene Coca Show" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WVRZ (99.7 FM) is a radio station located in Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania. It is a simulcast of Top 40 (CHR) formatted WVRT (V97).", "title": "WVRZ" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arcis-le-Ponsart is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France. It is located along the D25 road, south of Courville, by road southwest of Reims. The commune of Arcis-le-Ponsart has an area of . The local economy is mainly agricultural based. Igny Abbey lies in this commune.", "title": "Arcis-le-Ponsart" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The economy of India is an underdeveloped mixed economy. It is the world's seventh - largest economy by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China. The long - term growth prospective of the Indian economy is positive due to its young population, corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy.", "title": "Economy of India" } ]

[ { "answer": "Buffalo Tom", "id": 811176, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Birdbrain >> performer", "raw_question": "Birdbrain >> performer", "statement": "Buffalo Tom was the performer of Birdbrain." }, { "answer": "Boston", "id": 660056, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Buffalo Tom >> location of formation", "raw_question": "#1 >> location of formation", "statement": "Buffalo Tom was formed in Boston." }, { "answer": "$363 billion", "id": 6892, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What is the economy of Boston ?", "raw_question": "What is the economy of #2 ?", "statement": "The economy of Boston is $363 billion." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catherine Wilkening (born July 16, 1963 in Dijon) is a French film and television actress. She is best known for her performance as Mireille, the Mary Magdalene figure in Denys Arcand's 1989 film \"Jesus of Montreal\", and her lead role in the French police drama television series \"Marc Eliot\".", "title": "Catherine Wilkening" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908. The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From novice through senior - level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves.", "title": "Figure skating" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A neighbourhood police centre (NPC) is a mid-sized police station in Singapore, introduced in 1997 to replace the Singapore Police Force's Neighbourhood Police Post (NPP) system. Based similarly on the concepts of community policing and modelled after the kōban system in Japan, it allows for police officers on the ground to perform more duties, particularly investigative work, which was previously in the hands of division-based officers.", "title": "Neighbourhood police centre" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theresa Spence (born 1963) is a former chief of the Attawapiskat First Nation in Canada. She was a prominent figure in the Attawapiskat housing and infrastructure crisis, Idle No More, and other First Nations issues. Prior to serving as chief, she was the deputy chief of Attawapiskat.", "title": "Theresa Spence" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department. Their procedures on cracking down on drug use and gang violence in the city are used as models to other cities to do the same.[citation needed] According to the final 2005 FBI Crime Reports, Charleston crime level is worse than the national average in almost every major category. Greg Mullen, the former Deputy Chief of the Virginia Beach, Virginia Police Department, serves as the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department. The former Charleston police chief was Reuben Greenberg, who resigned August 12, 2005. Greenberg was credited with creating a polite police force that kept police brutality well in check, even as it developed a visible presence in community policing and a significant reduction in crime rates.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "General Neth Savoeun () is the National Police Chief of Cambodia. Savoeun was promoted from Deputy National Police Chief to the most senior law enforcement position of the country in November 2008 after his predecessor, Hok Lundy, whose tenure was mired in controversy and accusations of corruption, died in a helicopter crash. Savoeun, who was 52 years old at the time of his appointment, is married to Prime Minister Hun Sen's niece, Hun Kimleng. Prior to the National Police force, Savoeun was the police chief of Phnom Penh during the State of Cambodia and then, after the 1993 elections, head of the justice department in the Interior Ministry’s Penal Crimes Division.", "title": "Neth Savoeun" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Figure 8 is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith, and the final album he completed before his death. It was recorded from 1998 to 2000 at numerous studios and released on April 18, 2000 through DreamWorks Records. Preceded by the singles \"Happiness\" and \"Son of Sam\", \"Figure 8\" was Smith's second release on a major label.", "title": "Figure 8 (album)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ralph Pampena (1934-December 15, 2012) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from May 22, 1987 – May 17, 1990. He was a 22-year veteran of the Pittsburgh Police upon taking the oath of Chief. During 1986-1987 he briefly retired from the force serving as Police Chief of Carnegie Mellon University.", "title": "Ralph Pampena" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ionatana Ionatana, CVO, OBE (November 5, 1938 – December 8, 2000), was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He represented the constituency of Funafuti in the Parliament of Tuvalu. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 27 April 1999 until his death on 8 December 2000.", "title": "Ionatana Ionatana" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost is a 2011 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by Dick Lowry and starring Tom Selleck, Kathy Baker, and Kohl Sudduth. Based on the characters from the Jesse Stone novels created by Robert B. Parker, the film is about the retired police chief of a small New England town who investigates the suspicious death of a young friend while the police force deals with the arrogant new police chief who is the son-in-law of a town councilman. Filmed on location in Nova Scotia, the story is set in the fictitious town of Paradise, Massachusetts. \"Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost\" is the seventh in a series of nine television films based on the characters of Parker's Jesse Stone novels. The film first aired on the CBS television network on May 22, 2011.", "title": "Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jessica Walter stars as Amy Prentiss, a relatively young investigator who becomes the first female Chief of Detectives for the San Francisco Police Department following the previous chief's death. She is a single mother whose husband died in a plane crash. Prentiss faced opposition from other police officers and from officers' wives.", "title": "Amy Prentiss" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the liner notes, the album is dedicated to the memory of fellow Los Angeles-based musician Elliott Smith and to Bomp! Records founder Greg Shaw.", "title": "Surgery (album)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir William Ian Ridley Johnston, CBE, QPM, DL was the Chief Constable of British Transport Police. He became Chief Constable on 1 May 2001 when he succeeded David Williams QPM, who had served as Chief Constable for three and a half years.", "title": "Ian Johnston (police officer)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stacey Elizabeth Pensgen (born May 25, 1982) is an American former competitive figure skater who won the silver medal at the 2000 Four Continents Championships. As of August 10, 2016, she is the former chief meteorologist for WROC-TV News 8 in Rochester, New York.", "title": "Stacey Pensgen" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After Dmitry Karakozov's assassination attempt on Alexander II in 1866, Trepov was appointed chief of Saint Petersburg's police force. He managed to put the city in order and improved the performance of the police. In 1867, Trepov was promoted to the rank of adjutant general. He was the Governor of St. Petersburg between 1873 and 1878.", "title": "Fyodor Trepov (senior)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early development of intelligence - led policing took place in the UK. It was perceived that police were spending too much time responding to specific incidents, and not tackling the problem of repeat offenders. Therefore, reports by the Audit Commission in 1993 and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary in 1997 advocated increased use of intelligence, surveillance and informants to target recidivist offenders, so that police could be more effective in fighting crime. The call was quickly taken up by some police forces, particularly the Kent Constabulary. Intelligence led policing was not a major proponent of policing styles until the September 11th terrorist attacks. Prior to these attacks the majority of all branches of the government would often not divulge any information to each other. The main assumptions of this theory can be described by Ratcliffe's 3i format. As shown by the figure below, the three I's call for close cooperation between police chiefs and intelligence analysts in order to facilitate a strategy that will impact the criminal environment.", "title": "Intelligence-led policing" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colonel Eric Wayma Dennis was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff on 11 February 2013 and served in that position until his death, of natural causes, on 8 August 2016. Dennis was a pre-Civil War officer who rejoined in 2006 and re-rose to the rank of colonel. Dennis replaced Col. Daniel Moore as Deputy Chief of Staff. Lt. Col. Prince Charles Johnson III was promoted to Brig. Gen. and appointed Deputy Chief of Staff on 14 November 2016.", "title": "Armed Forces of Liberia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maurice Grimaud (11 November 1913 – 16 July 2009) was the French Prefect of Police, or police chief, of the city of Paris during the May 1968 general strikes and student uprisings. He is credited with avoiding an escalation of violence and bloodshed during May 1968 unrest.", "title": "Maurice Grimaud" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chief of the City of Los Angeles Police Department Seal of the LAPD Flag of the Chief of the LAPD Incumbent Charles L. Beck since November 9, 2009 (2009 - 11 - 09) Los Angeles Police Department Style Chief of Police Member of Los Angeles City Council Seat Los Angeles County, California, U.S. Appointer Mayor of Los Angeles Inaugural holder Jacob F. Gerkens Formation December 18, 1876 Salary $307,291 Website (1)", "title": "Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the 30 June Stadium stampede, 20 football fans died on 8 February 2015 in a confrontation with the police at the gates of 30 June Stadium during a league match between two Cairo clubs, Zamalek and ENPPI. The death toll was expected to rise. Most of the dead were suffocated when the crowd stampeded after police used tear gas to clear the fans trying to force their way into the stadium.", "title": "30 June Stadium stampede" } ]

[ { "answer": "Elliott Smith", "id": 445143, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Figure 8 >> performer", "raw_question": "Figure 8 >> performer", "statement": "Elliott Smith was the performer of Figure 8." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 434582, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Elliott Smith >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Elliott Smith died in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "Charles L. Beck", "id": 60108, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "who is the chief of police of Los Angeles", "raw_question": "who is the chief of police of #2", "statement": "Charles L. Beck is the Chief of Police of Los Angeles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Champagne for One is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, first published by the Viking Press in 1958.", "title": "Champagne for One" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes.", "title": "Science and technology in Wallonia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first edition of Miss Viet Nam Continents pageant was held August 13, 2011 in Long Beach, California. The pageant is a combine entertainment and pageant show. Each year there are a number of line up performances for the night.", "title": "Miss Viet Nam Continents" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Champagne Pannier was founded in 1899 and its head office is situated in Château-Thierry, France. It is the largest champagne house in the western Marne Valley.", "title": "Champagne Pannier" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benoît Huré (born 5 June 1953 in Sépeaux) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He represents the Ardennes department and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party.", "title": "Benoît Huré" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Champagne and Orchids is an American variety show broadcast on the now defunct DuMont Television Network. The network series ran from September 6, 1948, to January 10, 1949. \"Champagne and Orchids\" was a variety show hosted by Adrienne Meyerberg, billed simply as 'Adrienne', who sang in English, French, and Spanish.", "title": "Champagne and Orchids" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Live in Europe is the sixth album by trumpeter Dave Douglas, his first live album, and the third to feature his Tiny Bell Trio. It was released on the Arabesque label in 1997 and features performances by Douglas, Brad Schoeppach and Jim Black.", "title": "Live in Europe (Dave Douglas album)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philippa of Champagne, Lady of Ramerupt and Venizy (c. 1197 – 20 December 1250) was the third daughter of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and Henry II, Count of Champagne. She was the wife of Erard de Brienne-Ramerupt who encouraged her in 1216 to claim the county of Champagne which belonged to her cousin Theobald IV, who was still a minor. This provoked the conflict with Theobald's mother, the Regent, Blanche of Navarre, which erupted into open warfare, and came to be known as the Champagne War of Succession. Blanche's son Theobald, who had the support of King Philip II of France, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eudes III of Burgundy, eventually emerged the victor. Philippa renounced her claim in April 1222, but Theobald was constrained to pay Erard and Philippa a large monetary settlement for his rights to the county.", "title": "Philippa of Champagne" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Live Earth concert in Antarctica was held at Rothera Research Station, one in a series of Live Earth concerts that took place on July 7, 2007, in all seven continents. The band Nunatak performed as the lone act. Nunatak's performances, though performed in front of only 17 people, were broadcast all over the world. It was the first rock concert ever performed in Antarctica.", "title": "Live Earth concert, Antarctica" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Team Number of wins Notes Most recent Western Province 34 Four shared 2017 Northern Transvaal / Blue Bulls 23 Four shared 2009 Transvaal / Gauteng Lions / Golden Lions 11 One shared 2015 Natal / Sharks 7 2013 Orange Free State / Free State Cheetahs 5 One shared 2016 Griqualand West / Griquas 1970 Border / Border Bulldogs Two shared 1934", "title": "Currie Cup" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dohan, sometimes known as Dohan-sur-Semois, is a small village belonging to the municipality of Bouillon in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. Located in the southern Ardennes, it stands on the Semois river.", "title": "Dohan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The gare de Laifour is a TER railway station in Laifour, France, in the Ardennes département. The station is served by regional trains of the TER Champagne-Ardenne on the line from Charleville-Mézières to Givet. There is no ticket machine.", "title": "Gare de Laifour" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy.", "title": "Ardennes" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frans Depooter, born in Mons, Belgium, in 1898, was a Belgian painter. He died in 1987 in Maffe (Marche-en-Famenne, Belgian Ardennes) at age 89.", "title": "Frans Depooter" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago (ya). It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.", "title": "Bison antiquus" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.", "title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Augustin Nicolas Gilbert (15 February 1858 – 4 March 1927) was a French physician. He was born in the town of Buzancy, Ardennes, and died in Paris.", "title": "Augustin Nicolas Gilbert" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Central America (Spanish: América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate).", "title": "Central America" } ]

[ { "answer": "Wallonia", "id": 238983, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Champagne-Ardenne >> shares border with", "raw_question": "Champagne-Ardenne >> shares border with", "statement": "Champagne-Ardenne shares a border with Wallonia." }, { "answer": "Europe", "id": 403313, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Wallonia >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "Wallonia is located on the continent of Europe." }, { "answer": "Dave Douglas", "id": 172215, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Live in Europe >> performer", "raw_question": "Live in #2 >> performer", "statement": "Dave Douglas released a live album, Live in Europe." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clear Water Bay Country Park is a rural country park located in the New Territories of eastern Hong Kong. The park is located near the beaches in Clear Water Bay. The 6.15 square kilometre park opened on 28 September 1979 with features like:", "title": "Clear Water Bay Country Park" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrade is a surname of Galician origin, which emerged in the 12th century as the family name of the knights and lords of the small parish of San Martiño de Andrade (St. Martin of Andrade, into the council of Pontedeume). The first mention of this small territory, is to be found in the documentation of the monastery of Caaveiro (located just 18km away), and belong chronologically to the 9th century. It was part of the region of Pruzos, which was created as an administrative and ecclesiastical territory of Kingdom of Galicia in the sixth century by the King: Teodomiro (559 - 570), through a document written in Latin called: Parrochiale suevum, Parochiale suevorum or Theodomiri Divisio. From the 12th century Pruzos, and therefore Andrade, were integrated into the county of Trastámara that belonged to the lineage Traba, the most powerful Galician family. By this same time the family group: Fortúnez, begins to unite their names Andrade as surname, since in this parish their family home was located. The knights of Andrade were faithful vassals of their lords the Counts of Trastámara throughout the middle centuries of the Middle Ages.", "title": "Andrade" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Goodpasture Bridge spans the McKenzie River near the community of Vida in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is the second longest covered bridge and one of the most photographed covered bridges in the state. The Goodpasture Bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Goodpasture Bridge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Vincenzo al Volturno is a historic Benedictine monastery located in the territories of the Comunes of Castel San Vincenzo and Rocchetta a Volturno, in the Province of Isernia, near the source of the river Volturno in Italy. The current monastery, housing a group 8 benedictin nuns, is located to the east of the river, while the archaeological monastery of the early Middle Ages was located on the west.", "title": "San Vincenzo al Volturno" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silkwood Park is located in the Northwood community in the city of Irvine in Orange County, California, USA. The park sits next to Westwood Basics Plus Elementary School and Sierra Vista Middle School.", "title": "Silkwood Park" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heceta Head ( ) is a headland that stands above the Pacific Ocean in Lane County, Oregon, United States. The Heceta Head Light is located on its south side. Heceta Head is named after the Basque explorer under Spanish Commission, Bruno de Heceta, who explored the Pacific Northwest in the 1770s. The headland marks the end of a lower-lying stretch of the coastline to the south dominated by sand dunes; the coastline to the north is more varied. Devils Elbow is the bay south of the headland at the mouth of Cape Creek, and with the headland formed Devils Elbow State Park, which is now part of Heceta Head Lighthouse State Scenic Viewpoint.", "title": "Heceta Head" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Malleco Viaduct () is a railway bridge located in central Chile, passing over the Malleco River valley, south of Collipulli in the Araucania Region. It was opened by President José Manuel Balmaceda on October 26, 1890. At that time, it was the highest such bridge in the world. The Panamerican Highway passes right next to the viaduct.", "title": "Malleco Viaduct" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This ocean has most of the islands in the world. There are about 25,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands entirely within the Pacific Ocean can be divided into three main groups known as Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. Micronesia, which lies north of the equator and west of the International Date Line, includes the Mariana Islands in the northwest, the Caroline Islands in the center, the Marshall Islands to the west and the islands of Kiribati in the southeast.", "title": "Pacific Ocean" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shippingsport Bridge has been the name of three similarly-located bridges over the Illinois River in LaSalle Township, LaSalle County, Illinois: an 1872 swing span bridge, a 1929 vertical-lift bridge nearby, and a 2003 bridge in the same location as the 1929 bridge. The third bridge still exists and carries Illinois Route 351 (IL 351).", "title": "Shippingsport Bridge" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mékinac river is a located in the RCM Mekinac Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Mauricie, the province of Quebec, in Canada. This river of Middle Mauricie has played an important role in the forestry industry at the end of the 19th century.", "title": "Mékinac River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world.", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Irondequoit Bay is a large body of water located in northeastern Monroe County, New York. The bay, roughly wide and in length, is fed by Irondequoit Creek to the south and flows into Lake Ontario at its northern end. On average, the surface of Irondequoit Bay rests at above sea level and is deep at its deepest point a short distance north of the Irondequoit Bay Bridge carrying the six-lane New York State Route 104 over the bay.", "title": "Irondequoit Bay" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The General En Jefe Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela. The bridge connects Maracaibo with much of the rest of the country. It is named after General Rafael Urdaneta, a Venezuelan hero of Independence.", "title": "General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lane County", "id": 431348, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Goodpasture Bridge >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Goodpasture Bridge >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Lane County is the administrative territorial entity housing Goodpasture Bridge." }, { "answer": "Pacific Ocean", "id": 603923, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Lane County >> located in or next to body of water", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in or next to body of water", "statement": "Lane County is located next to the Pacific Ocean." }, { "answer": "Caroline Islands", "id": 43805, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "country in the middle of Pacific Ocean", "raw_question": "country in the middle of #2", "statement": "The Caroline Islands are in the middle of the Pacific Ocean." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tattingers (later Tattinger's) is an American comedy-drama series that aired by the NBC television network as part of its 1988 fall lineup. After failing in the Nielsen ratings as an hour-long program, the plot and characters were briefly revived in the spring of 1989 as the half-hour sitcom \"Nick & Hillary\".", "title": "Tattingers" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In season ten, the total viewer numbers for the first week of shows fell 12–13%, and by up to 23% in the 18–49 demo compared to season nine. Later episodes, however, retained viewers better, and the season ended on a high with a significant increase in viewership for the finale – up 12% for the adults 18–49 demo and a 21% increase in total viewers from the season nine finale. While the overall viewer number has increased this season, its viewer demographics have continued to age year on year – the median age this season was 47.2 compared to a median age of 32.1 in its first season. By the time of the 2010–11 television season, Fox was in its seventh consecutive season of victory overall in the 18–49 demographic ratings in the United States.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season Episodes Originally aired Nielsen ratings First aired Last aired Viewers (millions) Viewers rank 18 -- 49 rating / share 18 - 49 rank 22 October 23, 2011 (2011 - 10 - 23) May 13, 2012 (2012 - 05 - 13) 11.71 28 4.1 / 10 18 22 September 30, 2012 (2012 - 09 - 30) May 12, 2013 (2013 - 05 - 12) 10.24 35 3.6 / 9 18 22 September 29, 2013 (2013 - 09 - 29) May 11, 2014 (2014 - 05 - 11) 9.38 35 3.3 / 8 12 22 September 28, 2014 (2014 - 09 - 28) May 10, 2015 (2015 - 05 - 10) 8.98 50 3.2 / 7 17 5 23 September 27, 2015 (2015 - 09 - 27) May 15, 2016 (2016 - 05 - 15) 6.32 69 2.2 34 6 22 September 25, 2016 (2016 - 09 - 25) May 14, 2017 (2017 - 05 - 14) 4.39 105 1.5 / 5 70 7 22 October 6, 2017 (2017 - 10 - 06) May 18, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 18) 3.41 120 0.9 115", "title": "List of Once Upon a Time episodes" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"97 Seconds\" is the third episode of the fourth season of \"House\" and the seventy-third episode overall. It aired on October 9, 2007.", "title": "97 Seconds" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Looking for par'Mach in All the Wrong Places\" is the third episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\", originally airing on October 14, 1996 in broadcast syndication. The story was written by Ronald D. Moore and directed by actor Andrew J. Robinson, who played the recurring character Garak. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 5.7 percent, a slight decrease from the previous week.", "title": "Looking for par'Mach in All the Wrong Places" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season Episodes Originally aired Nielsen ratings First aired Last aired Rank Average viewership (in millions) 18 September 20, 2016 (2016 - 09 - 20) March 14, 2017 (2017 - 03 - 14) 6 14.70 18 September 26, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 26) TBA TBA TBA", "title": "This Is Us" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"House\", also known as \"House, M.D.\", is an American medical drama series which premiered on Fox on November 16, 2004. \"House\" was created by David Shore. The show follows Dr. Gregory House (Hugh Laurie), an irascible, maverick medical genius who heads a team of diagnosticians at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital (PPTH) in New Jersey. In a typical episode, the team is presented with an unusual case; the storyline follows the diagnosis of the patient's illness, a process often complicated by the internal competition and personal foibles of the diagnostic team. The team leader, House, frequently clashes with his boss (Dr. Lisa Cuddy (Lisa Edelstein) in seasons 1 through 7, and Dr. Eric Foreman in season 8), and his only friend, Dr. James Wilson (Robert Sean Leonard).", "title": "List of House episodes" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season Episodes Originally aired Nielsen ratings First aired Last aired Rank Average viewers (in millions) 8 December 18, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 18) February 6, 2018 (2018 - 02 - 06) N / A N / A 13 January 8, 2019 (2019 - 01 - 08) N / A N / A N / A", "title": "Ellen's Game of Games" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cowboy Bebop Title card of the anime television series カウボーイビバップ (Kaubōi Bibappu) Genre Neo-noir, space Western Manga Cowboy Bebop: Shooting Star Written by Cain Kuga Published by Kadokawa Shoten English publisher Tokyopop Demographic Shōjo Magazine Monthly Asuka Fantasy DX Original run September 18, 1997 -- June 18, 1998 Volumes 2 (List of volumes) Anime television series Directed by Shinichirō Watanabe Produced by Masahiko Minami Kazuhiko Ikeguchi Written by Keiko Nobumoto Music by Yoko Kanno Studio Sunrise Licensed by Madman Entertainment Funimation Anime Limited Original network TV Tokyo, Wowow English network Viceland Adult Swim (Toonami) Original run TV Tokyo Broadcast April 3, 1998 -- June 26, 1998 WOWOW Broadcast October 24, 1998 -- April 24, 1999 Episodes 26 (12 Episodes and a Special for its TV Tokyo Broadcast) (List of episodes) Manga Written by Yutaka Nanten Published by Kadokawa Shoten English publisher Tokyopop Demographic Shōjo Magazine Monthly Asuka Fantasy DX Original run October 18, 1998 -- February 18, 2000 Volumes 3 (List of volumes) Anime film Cowboy Bebop: The Movie (2001) Anime and Manga portal", "title": "Cowboy Bebop" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The seventh season of the CBS police procedural drama series Hawaii Five - 0 premiered on Friday September 23, 2016, and concluded on May 12, 2017. The season contained 25 episodes, and the series's 150th episode. For the 2016 - 17 U.S. television season, the seventh season of Hawaii Five - 0 ranked # 15 with an average of 12.15 million viewers, and in the 18 -- 49 demographic ranked 43rd with a 1.8 / 7 Rating / Share.", "title": "Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 7)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A second season of 18 episodes was confirmed, and production started in the Fall of 2016 in Toronto. On March 27, 2017, Ion Television picked up the exclusive rights to broadcast the series in the United States, where it is presented as an original series for the network.", "title": "Private Eyes (TV series)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Slack Water\" is the tenth episode of the American television police procedural fantasy drama \"Awake\", which originally aired on NBC on May 3, 2012. Written by Noelle Valdivia and directed by Nick Gomez, \"Slack Water\" was watched by 2.15 million viewers, including 0.7 percent of those aged between 18 and 49 in Nielsen ratings, upon its initial broadcast in the United States. Critics were largely positive in their reviews of the installment.", "title": "Slack Water" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story and concept of the episode was written by series co-creator Chuck Lorre and writers Steven Molaro and Eric Kaplan. The teleplay was written by co-creator Bill Prady, and writers Dave Goetsch and Maria Ferrari. \"The Beta Test Initiation\" was directed by Mark Cendrowski. The episode received positive reviews from television critics who described the episode as funny and one of the better episodes. \"The Beta Test Initiation\" garnered 15.96 million viewers in the United States and a rating of 5.4 in the 18–49 demographic, according to Nielsen ratings.", "title": "The Beta Test Initiation" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "That's My Mama is an American television sitcom that was originally broadcast on the ABC network from September 4, 1974 until December 24, 1975. There are 39 episodes of this series. \"That's My Mama\" was never a ratings success. It was not one of the top 30 most-watched U.S. programs in the Nielsen ratings for either the 1974–1975 or 1975–1976 television seasons. As a result, the series ended on Christmas Eve of 1975. It was the first series to be produced by Columbia Pictures Television.", "title": "That's My Mama" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Realized for its gritty, realistic drama, St. Elsewhere gained a small yet loyal following (the series did not rank higher than 49th place in the yearly Nielsen ratings) over its six - season, 137 - episode run; the series also found a strong audience in Nielsen's 18 -- 49 age demographic, a young demo later known for a young, affluent audience that TV advertisers were eager to reach. The series also earned critical acclaim during its run, earning 13 Emmy Awards for its writing, acting, and directing. St. Elsewhere was ranked No. 20 on TV Guide's 2002 list of ``The 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time '', with the magazine also selecting it as the best drama series of the 1980s in a 1993 issue. In 2013, TV Guide ranked the series No. 51 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time.", "title": "St. Elsewhere" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The loss of viewers continued into season 12, which saw the show hitting a number of series low in the 18-49 demo. The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season, and saw a drop of 44% in the 18-49 demo. The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season. The thirteenth season suffered a huge decline in the 18–49 demographic, a drop of 28% from the twelfth season, and American Idol lost its Top 10 position in the Nielsen ratings by the end of the 2013–14 television season for the first time since its entry to the rankings in 2003 as a result, although the entire series to date had not yet been dropped from the Nielsen Top 30 rankings since its inception in 2002.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season Episodes Originally aired Nielsen ratings First aired Last aired Viewers (millions) Viewers rank 18 -- 49 rating / share 18 - 49 rank 22 October 23, 2011 (2011 - 10 - 23) May 13, 2012 (2012 - 05 - 13) 11.71 28 4.1 / 10 18 22 September 30, 2012 (2012 - 09 - 30) May 12, 2013 (2013 - 05 - 12) 10.24 35 3.6 / 9 18 22 September 29, 2013 (2013 - 09 - 29) May 11, 2014 (2014 - 05 - 11) 9.38 35 3.3 / 8 12 22 September 28, 2014 (2014 - 09 - 28) May 10, 2015 (2015 - 05 - 10) 8.98 50 3.2 / 7 17 5 23 September 27, 2015 (2015 - 09 - 27) May 15, 2016 (2016 - 05 - 15) 6.32 69 2.2 / 7 34 6 22 September 25, 2016 (2016 - 09 - 25) May 14, 2017 (2017 - 05 - 14) 4.39 105 1.5 / 5 70 7 22 October 6, 2017 (2017 - 10 - 06) May 18, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 18) TBA TBA TBA TBA", "title": "Once Upon a Time (TV series)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Canada, Prison Break was broadcast on Global one hour before it aired on Fox, except in the Maritimes where it aired two hours before Fox's airing. Prison Break was the only new television series to be positioned in the top twenty television shows of 2005–2006 in Canada, achieving an average of 876,000 viewers in the key demographic of 18–49 and 1.4 million viewers nationally for its first season. Prison Break premiered on Australian television network Seven on February 1, 2006, to an average audience of 1.94 million. The first season attracted an overall average of 1.353 million viewers. After decreasing ratings throughout the second season, Seven decided to fast-track the airing of the third-season episodes. The fifth season revival moved to Network Ten and debuted on May 15, 2017.The first and second seasons premiered in the UK on Five, with the first season being replayed on UKTV Gold before the second season debuted on Five. Prior to the start of the third season, Sky One acquired the rights to broadcast Prison Break, paying £500,000 per episode. The series premiered in France on August 31, 2006, with an average of 5.5 million viewers. The second season premiered on September 13, 2007, to 5.3 million viewers. The first season's broadcast in Hong Kong on TVB Pearl received the largest audience in the country for a foreign drama. The series premiere obtained an average of 260,000 viewers while the first-season finale obtained an average of 470,000 viewers. The second season's premiere received an average of 270,000 viewers.", "title": "Prison Break" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor. The ratings for the first two episodes of season eleven fell 16–21% in overall viewer numbers and 24–27% in the 18/49 demo, while the season finale fell 27% in total viewer number and 30% in the 18-49 demo. The average viewership for the season fell below 20 million viewers the first time since 2003, a drop of 23% in total viewers and 30% in the 18/49 demo. For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Welcome to Briarcliff\" is the first episode of the of the anthology television series \"American Horror Story\", which premiered on October 17, 2012 on the cable network FX. In its original airing, the episode was watched by 3.85 million viewers, the largest audience of the franchise thus far, 2.8 million of which were from the 18–49 demographic.", "title": "Welcome to Briarcliff" } ]

[ { "answer": "House", "id": 153084, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "To which series does 97 Seconds belong?", "raw_question": "To which series does 97 Seconds belong?", "statement": "The series 97 Seconds belongs to House." }, { "answer": "Fox", "id": 701863, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "House >> original broadcaster", "raw_question": "#1 >> original broadcaster", "statement": "Fox was the original broadcaster of House." }, { "answer": "eight years", "id": 3413, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "How long did Fox reign in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings?", "raw_question": "How long did #2 reign in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings?", "statement": "Fox reigned in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings for eight years." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A reigning Catholic queen or princess retains this privilege at the discretion of the Pope, by remaining a Catholic in good public standing, through marriage to another Catholic monarch, or simply by grant of the Pope at his dispensation. Catholic royalty may freely choose whether to exercise the privilege depending on the importance of occasion; if they do n't, this is termed as ``declining the privilege '', and the fact of choosing to wear black garments at certain points of Papal audiences does not negate her privilege to be dressed in white.", "title": "Privilège du blanc" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry VIII was the first monarch to introduce a new state religion to the English. In 1532, he wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon. When Pope Clement VII refused to consent to the divorce, Henry VIII decided to separate the entire country of England from the Roman Catholic Church. The Pope had no more authority over the people of England. This parting of ways opened the door for Protestantism to enter the country.", "title": "Protestantism in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Márquez has also performed more than 34 concerts with several symphony orchestras in Venezuela, a privilege granted to few popular artists in her country. She performs an average of 70 shows each year.", "title": "Floria Márquez" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Still, in August 1560 the 'Reformation Parliament' abolished the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland with the Papal Jurisdiction Act.", "title": "Scottish Reformation Parliament" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.", "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that \"cardinalis\" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be called cardinals were the deacons of the seven regions of the city at the beginning of the 6th century, when the word began to mean “principal,” “eminent,” or \"superior.\" The name was also given to the senior priest in each of the \"title\" churches (the parish churches) of Rome and to the bishops of the seven sees surrounding the city. By the 8th century the Roman cardinals constituted a privileged class among the Roman clergy. They took part in the administration of the church of Rome and in the papal liturgy. By decree of a synod of 769, only a cardinal was eligible to become pope. In 1059, during the pontificate of Nicholas II, cardinals were given the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini. For a time this power was assigned exclusively to the cardinal bishops, but the Third Lateran Council in 1179 gave back the right to the whole body of cardinals. Cardinals were granted the privilege of wearing the red hat by Pope Innocent IV in 1244.", "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Privilege is an album by Ivor Cutler, originally released in 1983 on Rough Trade Records. It was produced by David Toop and Steve Beresford, both of whom are better known for their work in improvisational music and, unlike Cutler's 1970s recordings, it sees Cutler's vocals accompanied by a wide range of musical instruments including keyboards, banjo, euphonium and alto flute. The LP is co-credited to Linda Hirst, who recites a number of poems and provides vocals on some of the tracks. The closing track, \"Women of the World\", was released as a single and became a minor hit on the UK Indie Chart. It has since been covered by Jim O'Rourke, on his 1999 album \"Eureka\", and YACHT, on their 2007 album \"I Believe In You. Your Magic Is Real.\"", "title": "Privilege (Ivor Cutler album)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots to be abolished following their defeat. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert. While nearly three-quarters eventually were killed or submitted, roughly 500,000 Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century[citation needed].", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal coronations, the proto-deacon also had the honor of bestowing the pallium on the new pope and crowning him with the papal tiara. However, in 1978 Pope John Paul I chose not to be crowned and opted for a simpler papal inauguration ceremony, and his three successors followed that example. As a result, the Cardinal protodeacon's privilege of crowning a new pope has effectively ceased although it could be revived if a future Pope were to restore a coronation ceremony. However, the proto-deacon still has the privilege of bestowing the pallium on a new pope at his papal inauguration. “Acting in the place of the Roman Pontiff, he also confers the pallium upon metropolitan bishops or gives the pallium to their proxies.” The current cardinal proto-deacon is Renato Raffaele Martino.", "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India. As of 1 January 2017, Indian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Indian passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Guinea - Bissauan and Turkmen passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, require a visa or work permit except for Nepal and Bhutan. Indian citizens who are not natives of the following states also require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) if they are travelling to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, or Mizoram. ILPs can be obtained online or at the airports of these states on arrival.", "title": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 3 January 993, Pope John XV became the first pope to proclaim a person a ``saint ''from outside the diocese of Rome: on the petition of the German ruler, he had canonized Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg. Before that time, the popular`` cults'', or venerations, of saints had been local and spontaneous and were confirmed by the local bishop. Pope John XVIII subsequently permitted a cult of five Polish martyrs. Pope Benedict VIII later declared the Armenian hermit Symeon to be a saint, but it was not until the pontificate of Pope Innocent III that the Popes reserved to themselves the exclusive authority to canonize saints, so that local bishops needed the confirmation of the Pope. Walter of Pontoise was the last person in Western Europe to be canonized by an authority other than the Pope: Hugh de Boves, the Archbishop of Rouen, canonized him in 1153. Thenceforth a decree of Pope Alexander III in 1170 reserved the prerogative of canonization to the Pope, in so far as the Latin Church was concerned.", "title": "Saint" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: \"przywilej koszycki\" or \"ugoda koszycka\") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a member of the nobility and exempted the entire class from all but one tax (łanowy, which was limited to 2 grosze from łan (an old measure of land size)). In addition, the King's right to raise taxes was abolished; no new taxes could be raised without the agreement of the nobility. Henceforth, also, district offices (Polish: \"urzędy ziemskie\") were reserved exclusively for local nobility, as the Privilege of Koszyce forbade the king to grant official posts and major Polish castles to foreign knights. Finally, this privilege obliged the King to pay indemnities to nobles injured or taken captive during a war outside Polish borders.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Painting of the Declaration, painted by Jean - Jacques - François Le Barbier Author General Lafayette, (sometimes with Thomas Jefferson) and Honoré Mirabeau. Country Kingdom of France Language French Genre Human rights, declaration and document. Publisher National Constituent Assembly Publication date 27 August 1789", "title": "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2014 a new play, \"The Beautiful Cosmos of Ivor Cutler\", a co-production by Vanishing Point and National Theatre of Scotland, was performed.", "title": "Ivor Cutler" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Bhilai, India, Anupama Bhagwat was introduced to playing sitar at the age of 9 by Shri. R. N. Verma.At the age of 13 she had the privilege to train under Bimalendu Mukherjee of the Imdadkhani gharana. She stood first in the All India Radio competition in 1994 and was awarded a national scholarship by the Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development of India. She has performed At several destinations including the USA and many countries of Europe. At present She is based in Bangalore, India, and married.", "title": "Anupama Bhagwat" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Health and Social Care Act 2012 (c 7) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provides for the most extensive reorganisation of the structure of the National Health Service in England to date. It removed responsibility for the health of citizens from the Secretary of State for Health, which the post had carried since the inception of the NHS in 1948. It abolished NHS primary care trusts (PCTs) and Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) and transferred between £60 billion and £80 billion of ``commissioning '', or health care funds, from the abolished PCTs to several hundred`` clinical commissioning groups'', partly run by the general practitioners (GPs) in England but a major point of access for private service providers. A new executive agency of the Department of Health, Public Health England, was established under the Act on 1 April 2013.", "title": "Health and Social Care Act 2012" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "House concurrent resolution 108 (HCR-108), passed August 1, 1953, declared it to be the sense of Congress that it should be policy of the United States to abolish federal supervision over American Indian tribes as soon as possible and to subject the Indians to the same laws, privileges, and responsibilities as other U.S. citizens. This includes an end to reservations and tribal sovereignty, integrating Native Americans into mainstream American society.", "title": "House concurrent resolution 108" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ivor Cutler", "id": 858308, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Privilege >> performer", "raw_question": "Privilege >> performer", "statement": "Ivor Cutler is the performer of Privilege." }, { "answer": "Scotland", "id": 102146, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Of which country is Ivor Cutler a citizen?", "raw_question": "Of which country is #1 a citizen?", "statement": "Ivor Cutler, Privilege's performer, is a citizen of Scotland." }, { "answer": "August 1560", "id": 88208, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "when did Scotland abolish the authority of the pope", "raw_question": "when did #2 abolish the authority of the pope", "statement": "Scotland abolished the authority of the pope in August 1560." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most modern forms of communism are grounded at least nominally in Marxism, an ideology conceived by noted sociologist Karl Marx during the mid nineteenth century. Marxism subsequently gained a widespread following across much of Europe, and throughout the late 1800s its militant supporters were instrumental in a number of failed revolutions on that continent. During the same era, there was also a proliferation of communist parties which rejected armed revolution, but embraced the Marxist ideal of collective property and a classless society.", "title": "History of communism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darren McClennan (born 21 October 1965) was a successful New Zealand soccer player who frequently represented his country in the 1980s and 1990s.", "title": "Darren McClennan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of the 20th century, the Russian Empire was an autocracy controlled by the Tsar, with millions of the country's largely agrarian population living in abject poverty, and the anti-communist historian Robert Service noted, ``poverty and oppression constituted the best soil for Marxism to grow in ''. The man responsible for largely introducing the ideology into the country was Georgi Plekhanov, although the movement itself was largely organised by a man known as Vladimir Lenin, who had for a time been exiled to a prison camp in Siberia by the Tsarist government for his beliefs. A Marxist group known as the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was formed in the country, although it soon divided into two main factions: the Bolsheviks led by Lenin and the Mensheviks led by Julius Martov. In 1905, there was a revolution against the Tsar's rule, in which workers' councils known as`` soviets'' were formed in many parts of the country and the Tsar was forced to implement democratic reform, introducing an elected government, the Duma.", "title": "History of communism" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Deoksancheon is a river of South Korea. It is a tributary of the Hongcheon River in the Han River system. The river is located in a high altitude area. There are alluvium deposits along the lower end of the stream.", "title": "Deoksancheon" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Revolution in India was a period when agriculture in India increased its yields due to improved agronomic technology utilization. Green Revolution allowed developing countries, like India, to overcome poor agricultural productivity. It started in India in the early 1960s and led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh during the early phase. The main development was higher - yielding varieties of wheat, which were developed by many scientists, including Indian geneticist M.S. Swaminathan, American agronomist Dr. Norman Borlaug, and others. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research also claims credit for Udit singhal for developing rust resistant strains of wheat.", "title": "Green Revolution in India" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburgism (gradually) - on the world stage. At the same time, social democratic parties won elections and formed governments for the first time, often as a result of the introduction of universal suffrage. However, a group of central European economists led by Austrian School economists Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek identified the collectivist underpinnings to the various new socialist and fascist doctrines of government power as being different brands of political totalitarianism.", "title": "Political philosophy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label \"Sovdepia\" for the nascent state of the \"Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies\".", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alexandra Kim, a Korean who lived in Russia, is sometimes credited as the first Korean communist. She had joined the Bolsheviks in 1916. In 1917, Vladimir Lenin sent her to Siberia to mobilize Koreans there against the counter-revolutionary forces and the Allied Expeditionary Forces. In Khabarovsk Kim was in charge of external affairs at the Far - Eastern Department of the Party. There she met with Yi Dong - Wi, Kim Rip and other Korean independence fighters. Together they founded the Korean People's Socialist Party, the first Korean communist party on June 28, 1918.", "title": "Communism in Korea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of the Mandate of Heaven was first used to support the rule of the kings of the Zhou dynasty (1046 -- 256 BCE), and legitimize their overthrow of the earlier Shang dynasty (1600 -- 1069 BCE). It was used throughout the history of China to legitimize the successful overthrow and installation of new emperors, including non-Han ethnic monarchs such as the Qing dynasty (1636 -- 1912). This concept was also used by monarchs in neighboring countries like Korea and Vietnam.", "title": "Mandate of Heaven" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After announcing a willingness to negotiate a withdrawal of Soviet forces, the Politburo changed its mind and moved to crush the revolution. On 4 November, a large Soviet force invaded Budapest and other regions of the country. The Hungarian resistance continued until 10 November. Over 2,500 Hungarians and 700 Soviet troops were killed in the conflict, and 200,000 Hungarians fled as refugees. Mass arrests and denunciations continued for months thereafter. By January 1957, the new Soviet - installed government had suppressed all public opposition. These Soviet actions, while strengthening control over the Eastern Bloc, alienated many Western Marxists, leading to splits and / or considerable losses of membership for communist parties in capitalist states.", "title": "Hungarian Revolution of 1956" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The anarchist Mikhail Bakunin argued that the class struggle of the working class, peasantry and poor had the potential to lead to a social revolution involving the overthrow of ruling elites, and the creation of libertarian socialism. This was only a potential, and class struggle was, he argued, not always the only or decisive factor in society, but it was central. By contrast, Marxists argue that class conflict always plays the decisive and pivotal role in the history of class - based hierarchical systems such as capitalism and feudalism. Marxists refer to its overt manifestations as class war, a struggle whose resolution in favor of the working class is viewed by them as inevitable under plutocratic capitalism.", "title": "Class conflict" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lloyd Dugger (1926–May 26, 2005), better known as Doug Dugger, was an American country music singer with a religious style that led him to be dubbed the \"Chaplain of Country Music.\" His hits included \"Bummin' Around\" and \"The Deck of Cards\".", "title": "Doug Dugger" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born to a moderately prosperous middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in a RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Encouraging insurrection during Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he later campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which as a Marxist he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime.", "title": "Vladimir Lenin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"When the Thought of You Catches Up with Me\" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer David Ball. It was released in August 1994 as the second single from the album \"Thinkin' Problem\" as the follow-up to the successful title track. This song reached number 7 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and number 6 on Canada's \"RPM\" country chart.", "title": "When the Thought of You Catches Up with Me" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Support for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the \"coalition of the willing\" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier support for the Taliban and contributed tens of thousands of soldiers to the conflict. Pakistan was also engaged in the War in North-West Pakistan (Waziristan War). Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan was attempting to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula jutting out from the far east of the Asian land mass. The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas; to the west is the Yellow Sea (known in Korea as West Sea), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (known in Korea as East Sea). Geographically, South Korea's land mass is approximately 100,032 square kilometres (38,623 sq mi). 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37 ° North, 127 ° 30 East. Notable islands include Jeju Island (Jejudo), Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo, known in Japan as Takeshima).", "title": "Geography of South Korea" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An icon in his country of birth, Ycaza's success inspired other diminutive Panamanian youngsters to pursue a career as a jockey. In 1962, \"Sports Illustrated\" magazine published an article about the \"Spanish invasion\" of American Thoroughbred horse racing led by Ycaza.", "title": "Manuel Ycaza" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Martínez Gorriarán is a Spanish scholar, born in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. After being a member of marxist and basque nationalist movements, he became one of the founding members and spokespersons of ¡Basta Ya! association and head of the Plataforma Pro from which the Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) party emerged in September 2007. In ¡Basta Ya! he was opposed to ETA, and also to the \"obligatory nationalism\" that he considered to be occurring in the Basque Country. He is a member of the Directing and Political counsels of the party.", "title": "Carlos Martínez Gorriarán" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Korea", "id": 326177, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Deoksancheon >> country", "raw_question": "Deoksancheon >> country", "statement": "Deoksancheon is located in North Korea." }, { "answer": "North Korea", "id": 58005, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "what are the neighboring countries of South Korea", "raw_question": "what are the neighboring countries of #1", "statement": "North Korea is a neighboring country of South Korea." }, { "answer": "Alexandra Kim", "id": 44955, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who led a successful marxist revolution in North Korea", "raw_question": "who led a successful marxist revolution in #2", "statement": "There is no Alexandra Kim who led a successful Marxist revolution in North Korea. Kim Il-sung led the successful Marxist revolution in North Korea." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since then his career failed to live up to the earlier promise, but he still became an International Master and won five Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) championships, which at the time were equal in strength to a national championship of an average European country, with many titled players taking part. He combined his chess playing with a nine to five job as an engineer.", "title": "Andrey Lukin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Similarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the competent authority. Children above the age of 13 may perform light work for a limited number of hours per week in other economic activities as defined at the discretion of each country. Additionally, the European law exception allows children aged 14 years or over to work as part of a work/training scheme. The EU Directive clarified that these exceptions do not allow child labour where the children may experience harmful exposure to dangerous substances. Nonetheless, many children under the age of 13 do work, even in the most developed countries of the EU. For instance, a recent study showed over a third of Dutch twelve-year-old kids had a job, the most common being babysitting.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In March 2007 there were 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seeker's allowance, approximately 2.4 per cent of the city's population. This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century building boom left Florida with 300,000 vacant homes in 2009, according to state figures. In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the country.", "title": "Florida" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The bandy team represented England in the 1913 European Bandy Championships in Davos, Switzerland. It was credited with winning the eight-nation tournament. At the time, bandy in England was administrated through the National Bandy Association.", "title": "England national bandy team" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bigg Boss Marathi Presented by Mahesh Manjrekar Country of origin India Original language (s) Marathi No. of seasons No. of episodes 98 Production Location (s) Lonavala Running time 60 - 90 minutes (approx.) Production company (s) Endemol India Release Original release 15 April 2018 (2018 - 04 - 15) -- present", "title": "Bigg Boss Marathi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reorganized Coleco sold off all of its North American assets and outsourced thousands of jobs to foreign countries, closing plants in Amsterdam, New York and other cities. In 1988, Canada based SLM Action Sports Inc. purchased Coleco's swimming pool and snow goods divisions. In 1989, Hasbro purchased most of Coleco's remaining product lines.", "title": "Coleco" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After a player has been designated for assignment, the other 30 NHL teams can put in a claim or waive their claim for that player. The claims process starts at noon Eastern Time and ends 24 hours later. If only one team makes a claim for the player, then he will be transferred to the claiming team. If more than one team makes a claim, then the player will be transferred to the team having the lowest percentage of possible points in league standings at the time of the request for waivers. When a waiver claim has been secured, the claiming team must pay a transfer fee to the original club, though this fee is not counted against the salary cap. If waivers are requested outside the playing season, or before November 1, then the player shall be transferred to the team with the lowest points in the preceding season. If no team places a claim, the player can be sent to a minor league affiliate.", "title": "Waivers (NHL)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Västerås BK30 is a sports club in Västerås, Sweden, established on 29 November 1929 as a merger out of IK City and IK Sture and named after 1930, the year it joined the Swedish Sports Confederation. The club nowadays mostly runs soccer, earlier even bandy, handball, ice hockey, table tennis and track and field athletics.", "title": "Västerås BK30" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hoffman co-founded LinkedIn in December 2002 with two former colleagues from SocialNet (including Allen Blue), a former college classmate and a former colleague from his time at Fujitsu. It launched on May 5, 2003, as one of the first business-oriented online social networks. Peter Thiel and Keith Rabois, colleagues of Hoffman's at PayPal, invested in LinkedIn. By November 2014, LinkedIn had over 332 million members in more than 200 countries and territories. The site allows registered users to create professional profiles and connect with each other. Users can invite anyone (whether a site user or not) to become a connection. According to Forbes, \"LinkedIn is, far and away, the most advantageous social networking tool available to job seekers and business professionals today.\"Hoffman was LinkedIn's founding CEO for the first four years before becoming chairman and president of products in February 2007. He became executive chairman in June 2009. With the IPO of LinkedIn on May 19, 2011, Hoffman owns a stake worth an estimated $2.34 billion, not including any potential benefits from Greylock Partners, where he was named a partner in 2009. Hoffman believes that many people still do not know how to use its service and it is LinkedIn's job to help them out. In an interview, Hoffman said that \"you have to think proactively about how to use a tool that enables your ability to move in ways that you weren't able to move before, and most of people are not very good at that\".Microsoft proposed to acquire LinkedIn on June 13, 2016 for $26.2 billion in cash. Hoffman became a Microsoft board member on March 14, 2017.", "title": "Reid Hoffman" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008. The country sent 63 athletes, competing in 11 sports.", "title": "North Korea at the 2008 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece has tended to lag behind its European Union partners in terms of Internet use, with the gap closing rapidly in recent years. The percentage of households with access to the Internet more than doubled between 2006 and 2013, from 23% to 56% respectively (compared with an EU average of 49% and 79%). At the same time, there has been a massive increase in the proportion of households with a broadband connection, from 4% in 2006 to 55% in 2013 (compared with an EU average of 30% and 76%). However, Greece also has the EU's third highest percentage of people who have never used the Internet: 36% in 2013, down from 65% in 2006 (compared with an EU average of 21% and 42%).", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has been around since around the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, the average life expectancy of people was between 26 and 40 years. Due to this, only a small percentage of the population were reaching an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto Von Bismarck.", "title": "Retirement" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2018, the Roosters finished in 1st place, claiming their 20th minor premiership. They beat the Sharks 21 - 12 in week one of the finals earning the week off. They then broke their preliminary final hoodoo beating rivals Rabbitohs 12 - 4 in what was the last sports match ever played at the Sydney Football Stadium. They managed to keep the Rabbitohs tryless and the crowd was the highest ever recorded in a sporting match at the Sydney Football Stadium with 44,380 people attending the match. They played the Storm in the Grand Final and won 21 - 6 to claim their 14th premiership.", "title": "Sydney Roosters" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "IK Tellus is a Swedish sports club, having teams in football, bandy and handball. The club is located in Tellusborg, Stockholm.", "title": "IK Tellus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Yam Festival of the Igbo people (Orureshi in the idoma area, Iwa ji, Iri ji or Ike ji, depending on dialect) is an annual cultural festival by the Igbo people held at the end of the rainy season in early August.", "title": "New Yam Festival of the Igbo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Regional sporting events like the Super Bowl in the U.S., and the UEFA Champions League finals in Europe, televised live worldwide, have emerged among the world's most watched television broadcasts, regularly attracting more than 1 billion viewers across seven continents. The 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony holds the record for the largest viewing figure for any sports event, reaching an average daily audience of 593 million worldwide,. More than 5 billion people saw some part of the 16 - day coverage, including the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing - hosted Olympic games. The FIFA World Cup has attracted an average of 3.2 billion viewers in 2010 and 2014, making it the most watched overall live event by average on television worldwide in the 21st century.", "title": "List of most-watched television broadcasts" } ]

[ { "answer": "bandy", "id": 536355, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "IK Tellus >> sport", "raw_question": "IK Tellus >> sport", "statement": "Bandy is the sport of IK Tellus." }, { "answer": "England", "id": 213066, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "bandy >> country of origin", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of origin", "statement": "Bandy originated in England." }, { "answer": "2.5", "id": 8723, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What England 's average percentage for people claiming job seeker's allowance?", "raw_question": "What #2 's average percentage for people claiming job seeker's allowance?", "statement": "England's average percentage for people claiming job seeker's allowance is 2.5." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Football for Friendship (Russian: ФУТБОЛ ДЛЯ ДРУЖБЫ) is an annual International Children’s Social Programme implemented by Gazprom Company. The aim of the programme is to cultivate respect for different cultures and nationalities in children from different countries through football, to promote essential values and interest in a healthy lifestyle for the younger generation. Within the framework of the programme , football players at the age of 12 from different countries take part in the annual International Football for Friendship Childrens Forum, Football for Friendship World Championship, International Day of Football and Friendship The programme is supported by FIFA, UEFA, UN, Olympic and Paralympic Committees, governments and football federations of different countries, international charities, public organizations, leading football clubs of the planet. The global operator of the programme is AGT Communications Group (Russia).", "title": "Football for Friendship" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Russian army withdrew and retreated past Moscow. Napoleon entered the city, assuming its fall would end the war and Alexander would negotiate peace. However, on orders of the city's governor Feodor Rostopchin, rather than capitulation, Moscow was burned. After five weeks, Napoleon and his army left. In early November Napoleon got concerned about loss of control back in France after the Malet coup of 1812. His army walked through snow up to their knees and nearly 10,000 men and horses froze to death on the night of 8/9 November alone. After Battle of Berezina Napoleon succeeded to escape but had to abandon much of the remaining artillery and baggage train. On 5 December, shortly before arriving in Vilnius, Napoleon left the army in a sledge.", "title": "Napoleon" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; later Princess Henry of Battenberg; 14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944) was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Beatrice was the last of Queen Victoria's children to die, 66 years after the first, her elder sister Alice.", "title": "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "October 29 -- 30, 2012: Hurricane Sandy crossed into Canada on October 29 through to early October 30, bringing heavy rain, high winds, and in some places, snow, to Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes.", "title": "List of Canada hurricanes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cédric Plançon (born April 20, 1969 in Lille, Nord) is a retired male weightlifter from France. He competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1992 (Barcelona, Spain). His best finish was the 9th place in the men's middle-heavyweight division (1992).", "title": "Cédric Plançon" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Snow cover (averaging 3 -- 5 months per year) is formed at the beginning of November and melts in beginning of April, but in recent years snow cover has lasted shorter than usual. For example, in the winter of 2006 -- 2007 the snow cover did n't form until the end of January, and melted at the beginning of March; in 2007 -- 2008, the snow cover melted at the end of February, and in the 2008 -- 2009 winter, snow cover did n't form until the end of December, which is one month later than usual. Yet in 2011 - 2012 it melted in the middle of April.", "title": "Climate of Moscow" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Snow moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1949, and \"Hank Snow, the Singing Ranger\" (modified from his earlier nickname, the Yodeling Ranger), began recording for RCA Victor in the United States in 1949. His first release in the United States, \"Marriage Vow\" climbed to number ten on the country charts in the fall of 1949; However, it wasn't until he was invited to play at the Grand Ole Opry in 1950 that he gained serious significance in the United States. His second release in early 1950, \"I'm Moving On\" was the first of seven number 1 hits on the country charts. \"I'm Moving On\" stayed at the top for 21 weeks, setting the all-time record for most weeks at number 1.", "title": "Hank Snow" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hrotheweard (or Lodeward) was Archbishop of York starting some time between 904 and 928 and ending with his death in 931.", "title": "Hrotheweard" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lens Peak () is a peak at the south side of Holtedahl Bay just east of Conway Island, on the northeast coast of Stresher Peninsula on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956–57, and mapped from these photos by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. The peak was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 from association with a group of features in the area commemorating pioneers of research on snow blindness and the design of snow goggles.", "title": "Lens Peak" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Feather Fairy () is a 1985 adaptation of a Brothers Grimm's Mother Hulda short story directed by Slovak director Juraj Jakubisko. A fairy tale about a grandma who cares for snow and a boy who isn't afraid of death.", "title": "The Feather Fairy" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rachid Bouaita (born September 20, 1974 in Maubeuge, Nord) is a retired boxer from France, who competed for his native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996. His best result was finishing in fifth place after being defeated by Cuba's eventual silver medalist Arnaldo Mesa.", "title": "Rachid Bouaita" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paula Harmokivi (born May 20, 1975 in Lahti) is a former freestyle swimmer from Finland, who competed for her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There she finished in 16th place with the 4x100 Freestyle Relay Team, and in 18th and 33rd place on her personal starts, the 200m Freestyle and the 400m Freestyle.", "title": "Paula Harmokivi" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1972, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) placed the snow leopard on its Red List of Threatened Species as endangered until downgraded to vulnerable in 2017 following the most recent assessment in 2016.", "title": "Snow leopard" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As soon as the Truce of Plussa expired early in 1590, a large Russian army led by Godunov and his sickly brother-in-law, Fyodor I of Russia, marched from Moscow towards Novgorod. On 18 January they crossed the Narva River and laid siege to the Swedish castle of Narva, commanded by Arvid Stålarm. Another important fortress, Jama (Jamburg), fell to Russian forces within two weeks. Simultaneously, the Russians ravaged Estonia as far as Reval (Tallinn) and Finland as far as Helsingfors (Helsinki).", "title": "Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hank Snow was a Canadian country music artist. His discography consists of 46 studio albums and 89 singles. Of his 89 singles, seven reached number 1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts and two reached number 1 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. Snow spent his entire recording career with RCA Victor records.", "title": "Hank Snow discography" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Snow Hill (1898–1969) was a painter and sculptor in the United States. He is best known as a muralist. He lived in St. Petersburg, Florida until his death in 1969. He founded the Hill School of Art in St. Petersburg in 1946.", "title": "George Snow Hill" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adriana Caselotti Caselotti in 1937 (1916 - 05 - 06) May 6, 1916 Bridgeport, Connecticut, U.S. January 18, 1997 (1997 - 01 - 18) (aged 80) Los Angeles, California, U.S. Cause of death Respiratory failure from lung cancer Resting place Ashes scattered at Newport Beach, California Nationality American Occupation Voice actress, singer Years active 1932 -- 1997 Notable work Original voice of Princess Snow White in Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) Spouse (s) Robert Chard (m. 1945 --?; divorced) Norval Mitchell (m. 1952 -- 72; his death) Dr. Joseph Dana Costigan (m. 1972 -- 82; his death) Florian St. Pierre (m. 1989 --?; divorced) Parent (s) Guido Caselotti (father) Maria Orefice (mother) Relatives Louise Caselotti (older sister) Awards Disney Legend (1994)", "title": "Adriana Caselotti" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seattle typically receives some snowfall on an annual basis but heavy snow is rare. Average annual snowfall, as measured at Sea-Tac Airport, is 6.8 inches (17.3 cm). Single calendar-day snowfall of six inches or greater has occurred on only 15 days since 1948, and only once since February 17, 1990, when 6.8 in (17.3 cm) of snow officially fell at Sea-Tac airport on January 18, 2012. This moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985. Much of the city of Seattle proper received somewhat lesser snowfall accumulations. Locations to the south of Seattle received more, with Olympia and Chehalis receiving 14 to 18 in (36 to 46 cm). Another moderate snow event occurred from December 12–25, 2008, when over one foot (30 cm) of snow fell and stuck on much of the roads over those two weeks, when temperatures remained below 32 °F (0 °C), causing widespread difficulties in a city not equipped for clearing snow. The largest documented snowstorm occurred from January 5–9, 1880, with snow drifting to 6 feet (1.8 m) in places at the end of the snow event. From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in (74 cm) of snow on the ground by the time the event was over. With official records dating to 1948, the largest single-day snowfall is 20.0 in (51 cm) on January 13, 1950. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from zero in 1991–92 to 67.5 in (171 cm) in 1968–69, with trace amounts having occurred as recently as 2009–10. The month of January 1950 was particularly severe, bringing 57.2 in (145 cm) of snow, the most of any month along with the aforementioned record cold.", "title": "Seattle" } ]

[ { "answer": "Russia", "id": 161098, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "AGT is from what country?", "raw_question": "AGT is from what country?", "statement": "AGT is from Russia." }, { "answer": "Moscow", "id": 762096, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Feodor I of Russia >> place of death", "raw_question": "Feodor I of #1 >> place of death", "statement": "Feodor I of Russia died in Moscow." }, { "answer": "the beginning of November", "id": 90300, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "when does it start to snow in Moscow", "raw_question": "when does it start to snow in #2", "statement": "It starts to snow in Moscow at the beginning of November." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Rhode Island (also known as the Battle of Quaker Hill and the Battle of Newport) took place on August 29, 1778. Continental Army and militia forces under the command of General John Sullivan had been besieging the British forces in Newport, Rhode Island, which is situated on Aquidneck Island, but they had finally abandoned their siege and were withdrawing to the northern part of the island. The British forces then sortied, supported by recently arrived Royal Navy ships, and they attacked the retreating Americans. The battle ended inconclusively, but the Continental forces withdrew to the mainland and left Aquidneck Island in British hands.", "title": "Battle of Rhode Island" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, Norfolk Island was placed under the authority of the new Commonwealth government to be administered as an external territory. During World War II, the island became a key airbase and refuelling depot between Australia and New Zealand, and New Zealand and the Solomon Islands. The airstrip was constructed by Australian, New Zealand and United States servicemen during 1942. Since Norfolk Island fell within New Zealand's area of responsibility it was garrisoned by a New Zealand Army unit known as N Force at a large Army camp which had the capacity to house a 1,500 strong force. N Force relieved a company of the Second Australian Imperial Force. The island proved too remote to come under attack during the war and N Force left the island in February 1944.", "title": "Norfolk Island" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President Donald Trump is the current Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States. According to Article II, Section 2, Clause I of the Constitution, the President of the United States is ``Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States. ''Since the National Security Act of 1947, this has been understood to mean all United States Armed Forces. U.S. ranks have their roots in British military traditions, with the President possessing ultimate authority, but no rank, maintaining a civilian status. The exact degree of authority that the Constitution grants to the President as Commander in Chief has been the subject of much debate throughout history, with Congress at various times granting the President wide authority and at others attempting to restrict that authority.", "title": "Commander-in-chief" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The date and place of Nikitaras' birth are disputed, but he is thought to have been born either in the village of Nedoussa (Νέδουσα) in the Peloponnesian province of Messenia or in Leontari in Arcadia circa 1784. He was a nephew of Theodoros Kolokotronis, the most important Greek military leader of the Revolution. Turkish authorities tried to capture him, as well as Kolokotronis, but he escaped and joined his uncle in the British-held Ionian Islands.", "title": "Nikitaras" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, KB, PC (10 August 1729 -- 12 July 1814) was a British Army officer who rose to become Commander - in - Chief of British forces during the American War of Independence. Howe was one of three brothers who had distinguished military careers.", "title": "William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Rheinberg took place on 12 June 1758 in Rheinberg, Germany during the Seven Years' War. A French force under the command of Comte de Clermont and an Anglo-German force under the command of the Duke of Brunswick fought a largely indecisive battle. It was a precursor to the more decisive Battle of Krefeld nine days later.", "title": "Battle of Rheinberg" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Brockman (born February 16, 1941 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a literary agent and author specializing in scientific literature. He founded the Edge Foundation, an organization aimed to bring together people working at the edge of a broad range of scientific and technical fields.", "title": "John Brockman (literary agent)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Salaita Hill was the first large-scale engagement of the East African Campaign of the First World War to involve British, Indian, Rhodesian and South African troops. The battle took place on February 12, 1916, as part of the three-pronged offensive into German East Africa launched by General Jan Smuts, who had been given overall command of the Allied forces in the region.", "title": "Battle of Salaita Hill" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Article II, Section 2, Clause I of the Constitution, the President of the United States is ``Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States. ''Since the National Security Act of 1947, this has been understood to mean all United States Armed Forces. U.S. ranks have their roots in British military traditions, with the President possessing ultimate authority, but no rank, maintaining a civilian status, other than the title of Commander in Chief. The exact degree of authority that the Constitution grants to the President as Commander in Chief has been the subject of much debate throughout history, with Congress at various times granting the President wide authority and at others attempting to restrict that authority.", "title": "Commander-in-chief" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Task Force Sinai is the US regiment-sized element of the Multinational Force and Observers (\"MFO\"), the peacekeeping organization in place in the Sinai Peninsula since 1982. The Task Force commander is a US Army colonel, who also serves as the MFO Chief of Staff . The Task Force commander utilizes American forces to support and achieve the overall observe and report mission of the MFO.", "title": "Task Force Sinai" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ostrovno (French: \"Combat d'Ostrowno\") was a military engagement that took place on 25 July 1812, between French forces under the command of King of Naples Joachim Murat and Russian forces under General Ostermann-Tolstoy and ended with the Russian forces retreating from the battlefield.", "title": "Battle of Ostrovno" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of the British Armed Forces, is General Sir Nicholas Houghton, late Green Howards. He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, by the professional heads of the three services of HM Armed Forces and by the Commander of Joint Forces Command.", "title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rear Admiral Kenneth Allan Doolan, (born 15 January 1939) is an Australian naval officer, author, and is the former national president of the Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL). He is a retired rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy, his most senior commands being Maritime Commander Australia and operational commander of all Australian combatant forces deployed to the Gulf War.", "title": "Ken Doolan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Declaration by United Nations (the first official use of the term United Nations) on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General Sir Archibald Wavell to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia. This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit thinly spread over an area from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia. Other areas, including India, Hawaii, and the rest of Australia remained under separate local commands. On 15 January Wavell moved to Bandung in Java to assume control of ABDACOM.", "title": "Pacific War" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President of the United States is, according to the Constitution, the Commander - in - Chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and Chief Executive of the Federal Government. The Secretary of Defense is the ``Principal Assistant to the President in all matters relating to the Department of Defense '', and is vested with statutory authority (10 U.S.C. § 113) to lead the Department and all of its component agencies, including military command authority second only to the President.", "title": "Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mitchell served in France during World War I and, by the conflict's end, commanded all American air combat units in that country. After the war, he was appointed deputy director of the Air Service and began advocating increased investment in air power, believing that this would prove vital in future wars. He argued particularly for the ability of bombers to sink battleships and organized a series of bombing runs against stationary ships designed to test the idea.", "title": "Billy Mitchell" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant General Sir James Melville Babington (31 July 1854 – 15 June 1936) was a British Army officer and a renowned leader of cavalry, making a name for himself for his actions in the Second Boer War. He was Commander of the New Zealand Defence Force and one of the most respected British generals in the First World War, in command of the 23rd Division. After the war he was Commander of the British Forces in Italy.", "title": "James Melville Babington" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major-General Gerald James Cuthbert (12 September 1861 – 1 February 1931) was a British Army officer who commanded a battalion in the Boer War and a division in the First World War. Cuthbert joined the Scots Guards in 1882 and served in Egypt and the Sudan during the late 19th century. During the Boer War he served with his regiment, rising to command a battalion and after the war he was given command of a brigade in the Territorial Force and then in the British Expeditionary Force of 1914. He served on the Western Front from 1914 to 1917, rising to command 39th Division, then returned to home service before retiring in 1919.", "title": "Gerald Cuthbert" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lauffeld, also known as Lafelt, Laffeld, Lawfeld, Lawfeldt, Maastricht or Val, took place on 2 July 1747, during the War of the Austrian Succession. A French army of 80,000 commanded by Marshal Saxe faced a combined British, Dutch, German and Austrian force of 60,000, led by the Duke of Cumberland.", "title": "Battle of Lauffeld" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "What We Believe But Cannot Prove: Today's Leading Thinkers on Science in the Age of Certainty is a non-fiction book edited by literary agent John Brockman with an introduction by novelist Ian McEwan and published by Harper Perennial. The book consists of various responses to a question posed by the Edge Foundation, with answers as short as one sentence or as long as a few pages. Among the 107 published contributors are such notable scientists and philosophers as Richard Dawkins, Daniel C. Dennett, Jared Diamond, Rebecca Goldstein, Steven Pinker, Sir Martin Rees and Craig Venter. Some contributions weren't published, including those by Benoit Mandelbrot and computer scientist John McCarthy. However theirs are among 120 responses available online.", "title": "What We Believe But Cannot Prove" } ]

[ { "answer": "John Brockman", "id": 529422, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What We Believe But Cannot Prove >> author", "raw_question": "What We Believe But Cannot Prove >> author", "statement": "John Brockman, the author of What We Believe But Cannot Prove, was born in the city where John Brockman was born." }, { "answer": "Boston", "id": 715124, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "John Brockman >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "John Brockman was born in Boston." }, { "answer": "William Howe", "id": 49087, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "who was the commander of the british forces in Boston", "raw_question": "who was the commander of the british forces in #2", "statement": "William Howe was the commander of the British forces in Boston." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NationLink Telecom was founded in September 1997 by Abdirizak Ido, a Somali businessman currently serving as the company's President. The firm is one of the leading telecommunications service providers (TSP) in Somalia and offers its services throughout the country.", "title": "NationLink Telecom" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri (\"sea-land\"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros \"red\"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horn of Africa Countries and territories Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Somalia Major regional organizations Arab League, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Community of Sahel - Saharan States, Intergovernmental Authority on Development Population 122,618,170 (2016 est.) Area 1,882,757 km Languages Afar Arabic Amharic French Oromo Somali Tigrinya Religion Islam, Christianity, traditional faiths Time zones UTC + 03: 00 Currency Djiboutian franc Eritrean nakfa Ethiopian birr Somali shilling Capitals Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) Asmara (Eritrea) Djibouti (Djibouti) Mogadishu (Somalia) Total GDP (PPP) $247.751 billion (2016) Total GDP (nominal) $102,057 billion (2016)", "title": "Horn of Africa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest known cave paintings / drawings of animals are at least 35,000 years old and were found in caves in the district of Maros, located in Bantimurung district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, according to datings announced in 2014. Previously it was believed that the earliest paintings were in Europe. The earliest figurative paintings in Europe date back to the Aurignacian period, approximately 30,000 to 32,000 years ago, and are found in the Chauvet Cave in France, and in the Coliboaia Cave in Romania. The earliest non-figurative rock art dates back to approximately 40,000 years ago, the date given both to a disk in the El Castillo cave and a hand stencil in Timpuseng cave Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are similar later paintings in Africa, Australia and South America, continuing until recent times in some places, though there is a worldwide tendency for open air rock art to succeed paintings deep in caves.", "title": "Cave painting" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dolo Addo or Dolo Ado or Dollo Ado () is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Liben Zone, Dolo Ado is located in the angle formed by the confluence of the Ganale Dorya with the Dawa River, and bordered to the northwest by Filtu, on the northeast by Afder Zone, on the southeast by Somalia, and on the south by Kenya. Towns in Dollo Ado include Bekol May, Dolo and Softu.", "title": "Dolo Odo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali beach soccer team also represents the country in international beach soccer competitions. In addition, several international footballers such as Mohammed Ahamed Jama, Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim have played in European top divisions.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the \"Ethio-Somali\". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalis in the United Kingdom include British citizens and residents born in, or with ancestors from, Somalia. It is thought that the United Kingdom (UK) is home to the largest Somali community in Europe, with an estimated 98,000 Somali - born immigrants residing in the UK in 2016 according to the Office for National Statistics. The majority of these live in England, with the largest number found in London. Smaller Somali communities exist in Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Liverpool, Leicester, Milton Keynes, Sheffield and Cardiff.", "title": "Somalis in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Besides their traditional areas of inhabitation in Greater Somalia, a Somali community mainly consisting of entrepreneurs, academics, and students also exists in Egypt. In addition, there is an historical Somali community in the general Sudan area. Primarily concentrated in the north and Khartoum, the expatriate community mainly consists of students as well as some businesspeople. More recently, Somali entrepreneurs have established themselves in Kenya, investing over $1.5 billion in the Somali enclave of Eastleigh alone. In South Africa, Somali businesspeople also provide most of the retail trade in informal settlements around the Western Cape province.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The bubal hartebeest, also known as northern hartebeest or bubal antelope or simply bubal (\"Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus\") is the extinct nominal (i.e., first described) subspecies of hartebeest, that was formerly found north of the Saharan Desert. Other subspecies live currently in grasslands south of the Sahara, from Senegal in the west to Eritrea and Ethiopia in the east and down to central Tanzania. The red hartebeest and Lichtenstein's hartebeest, alternatively considered subspecies or sister species of the common hartebeest, are present in southern Africa.", "title": "Bubal hartebeest" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Djibouti ( (listen) jih-BOO-tee; Afar: Yibuuti, Arabic: جيبوتي‎ Jībūtī, French: Djibouti, Somali: Jabuuti, officially the Republic of Djibouti) is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east. Djibouti occupies a total area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi). The state of Djibouti is predominantly inhabited by two ethnic groups, the Somali and the Afar people, the Somalis being the major ethnic group of the country.", "title": "Djibouti" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bab - el - Mandeb (Arabic: باب المندب, lit. ``Gate of Tears '') is a strait located between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden.", "title": "Bab-el-Mandeb" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In Djibouti, rock art of what appear to be antelopes and a giraffe are also found at Dorra and Balho.", "title": "Cave painting" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a \"Nation of Poets\" and a \"Nation of Bards\" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-colonial wars ever. The Dervish State successfully repulsed the British empire four times and forced it to retreat to the coastal region. As a result of its successes against the British, the Dervish State received support from the Ottoman and German empires. The Turks also named Hassan Emir of the Somali nation, and the Germans promised to officially recognize any territories the Dervishes were to acquire. After a quarter of a century of holding the British at bay, the Dervishes were finally defeated in 1920, when Britain for the first time in Africa used airplanes to bomb the Dervish capital of Taleex. As a result of this bombardment, former Dervish territories were turned into a protectorate of Britain. Italy similarly faced the same opposition from Somali Sultans and armies and did not acquire full control of parts of modern Somalia until the Fascist era in late 1927. This occupation lasted till 1941 and was replaced by a British military administration.", "title": "Somalis" } ]

[ { "answer": "Djibouti", "id": 86493, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "paintings of antelopes were found in the caves in", "raw_question": "paintings of antelopes were found in the caves in", "statement": "Paintings of antelopes were found in the caves in Djibouti." }, { "answer": "Ethiopia", "id": 10383, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Along with Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live?", "raw_question": "Along with Kenya, #1 and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live?", "statement": "Somali people live in Ethiopia, along with Kenya, Djibouti, and Somalia." }, { "answer": "1953", "id": 15069, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "When was Eritrea annexed by Ethiopia ?", "raw_question": "When was Eritrea annexed by #2 ?", "statement": "Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coco-Viloin represented France at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He competed at the 4x100 metres relay together with Martial Mbandjock, Manuel Reynaert and Yannick Lesourd. In their qualification heat they placed sixth in a time of 39.53 seconds and they were eliminated.", "title": "Samuel Coco-Viloin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prompted by the chaotic torch relays in Western Europe and North America, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge described the situation as a \"crisis\" for the organization and stated that any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues could be expelled from the games. though he stopped short of cancelling the relay altogether despite calls to do so by some IOC members. The outcome of the relay influenced the IOC's decision to scrap global relays in future editions of the games.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "El agente 00-P2 (also known as Agent Macaw: Shaken & Stirred) is a 2009 Mexican animated action-spy-comedy film produced by Ánima Estudios. The film features the voices of famous Mexican actors Jaime Camil, Silvia Pinal, and Dulce María.", "title": "El agente 00-P2" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meena Iyer of \"Times of India\" gave it 4/5 stars, stating, \"\"Hasee Toh Phasee\" is for the romantics who like their martinis stirred not shaken. This romantic comedy mirrors the quirks in human nature subtly and provides humour in everyday situations; in the family and amongst friends. If you're looking to rediscover the magic of goofy love around Valentines, give HTP a shot.\"", "title": "Hasee Toh Phasee" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the 2008 Summer Olympics, she was part of the Italian 4 × 100 m freestyle relay team. She competed in the women's 50m freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing with a time of 25.69 seconds in 32nd place in the heats, as well as being part of the 4 × 100 m freestyle team.", "title": "Erika Ferraioli" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause. The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a \"small demonstration\" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James \"Jimmy\" Feigen (born September 26, 1989) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in freestyle events. He won a gold medal for the 4x100-meter freestyle relay for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Previously, he won a silver medal as a member of the second-place U.S. team in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Jimmy Feigen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005. The torch was lit by Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. About a thousand people followed the relay, waving the Olympic flag. The only noted instance of protest was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers, in protest against human rights abuses in Tibet.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as \"thugs\". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, \"We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no.\"", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing \"personal reasons\", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to \"stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle\" and protest against the PRC \"crackdown\" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the \"Olympic Games do not belong to China\" and confirms taking part in the torch relay \"with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations\". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Shaken, not stirred\" is a catchphrase of Ian Fleming's fictional British Secret Service agent James Bond and describes his preference for the preparation of his martini cocktails.", "title": "Shaken, not stirred" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.", "title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ian Lancaster Fleming was born on 28 May 1908, at 27 Green Street in the wealthy London district of Mayfair. His mother was Evelyn (\"\" Rose), and his father was Valentine Fleming, the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 to 1917. As an infant he briefly lived, with his family, at Braziers Park in Oxfordshire. Fleming was a grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust and the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co.", "title": "Ian Fleming" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ian Fleming", "id": 108181, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "The artwork Shaken, not stirred was by who?", "raw_question": "The artwork Shaken, not stirred was by who?", "statement": "Ian Fleming was the creator of the phrase \"Shaken, not stirred\"." }, { "answer": "London", "id": 144910, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What is the place of birth of Ian Fleming ?", "raw_question": "What is the place of birth of #1 ?", "statement": "Ian Fleming was born in London." }, { "answer": "Wembley Stadium", "id": 3684, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Where did the torch relay begin in London for the 2008 Olympics?", "raw_question": "Where did the torch relay begin in #2 for the 2008 Olympics?", "statement": "The torch relay began at Wembley Stadium in London." } ]

[ "Wembley" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grigor Vachkov, often called Grishata (; 26 May 1932 – 18 March 1980) was a Bulgarian theater and film actor, honored with the award of \"People's actor\" in the People's Republic of Bulgaria. He had more than 41 appearances and leading roles in the Bulgarian cinema.", "title": "Grigor Vachkov" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Far Eastern Republic (), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East. Although theoretically independent, it largely came under the control of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), which envisaged it as a buffer state between the RSFSR and the territories occupied by Japan during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922. Its first president was Alexander Krasnoshchyokov.", "title": "Far Eastern Republic" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jason Lee as Buddy Pine / Incrediboy / Syndrome, Mr. Incredible's fan - turned - supervillain who has no superpowers but uses his scientific prowess to create enhanced abilities.", "title": "The Incredibles" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed] Near his birthplace in Qishlak Afshona, some 25 km (16 mi) north of Bukhara, a training college for medical staff has been named for him.[year needed] On the grounds is a museum dedicated to his life, times and work.[citation needed]", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( \"Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova\", , Титаренко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Russian activist who was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. She raised funds for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage, fostering of new talent, and treatment programs for children's blood cancer.", "title": "Raisa Gorbacheva" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14, 1980, in New York City. It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state's presidential primary.", "title": "1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Post Office Investigator is a 1949 black and white American crime film about the theft of postage stamps, directed by George Blair, and starring Audrey Long, Warren Douglas and Jeff Donnell. \"Allmovie\" called it a \"diligent Republic programmer.\"", "title": "Post Office Investigator" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was originally Dr. Jonathan Osterman, a nuclear physicist who in 1959 acquired superpowers after surviving being disintegrated in an Intrinsic Field Subtractor and reconstructing himself. Following his reanimation, he was immediately pressed into service by the United States government, who gave him the name Doctor Manhattan, after the Manhattan Project. He is the only character in the story that possesses actual superpowers.", "title": "Doctor Manhattan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first five - year plan (Russian: I пятилетний план, первая пятилетка) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a list of economic goals, created by General Secretary Joseph Stalin and based on his policy of Socialism in One Country. It was implemented between 1928 and 1932.", "title": "First five-year plan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gherman V. Pântea (; surname also spelled Pîntea; , \"German Vasilievich Pyntya\"; , \"Herman Vasilyovich Pyntya\" or \"Pintia\"; May 13, 1894 – February 1, 1968) was a Bessarabian-born soldier, civil servant and political figure, active in the Russian Empire and Romania. As an officer of the Imperial Russian Army during most of World War I, he helped organize the committees of Bessarabian soldiers, oscillating between loyalty to the Russian Provisional Government and the cause of Bessarabian emancipation. Pântea was subsequently Military Director of the Moldavian Democratic Republic, answering to President Ion Inculeț. He personally created a Bessarabian defense force, tasked with combating Bolshevik subversion and Russian intimidation, but also braced for defeat after the October Revolution.", "title": "Gherman Pântea" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Crimean People's Republic () () existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in the Crimean Peninsula, a territory currently disputed between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Crimean People’s Republic was the first Turkic and Muslim democratic republic in the world. In its founding, the Crimean People's Republic was one of many short-lived attempts to create new states after the Russian Revolution of 1917 had caused the Russian Empire to collapse.", "title": "Crimean People's Republic" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original member of the UN (since October 24, 1945) along with Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) and Belarus (Byelorussian SSR). On December 25—just hours after Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union—the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia), reflecting that it was now a sovereign state with Yeltsin assuming the Presidency. The change was originally published on January 6, 1992 (Rossiyskaya Gazeta). According to law, during 1992, it was allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR for official business (forms, seals and stamps). The Russian Federation's Constitution (Fundamental Law) of 1978, though with the 1991–1992 Amendements, remained in effect until the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, \"I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\" He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from \"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic\" to \"Russian Federation,\" showing that it was now a sovereign state.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McCool Hill is the tallest of the Columbia Hills in Gusev crater, Mars. It was named in honor of William C. McCool, an astronaut of the Space Shuttle \"Columbia\" during its final mission where it disintegrated during atmospheric reentry (see Space Shuttle \"Columbia\" disaster).", "title": "McCool Hill" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Husband Hill is one of the Columbia Hills in Gusev crater, Mars, which are close to the landing site of NASA's \"Spirit\" rover. It was named in honor of Rick Husband, the commander of the Space Shuttle \"Columbia\" when it disintegrated upon atmospheric reentry (see Space Shuttle \"Columbia\" disaster).", "title": "Husband Hill" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The process of founding the country's public university began on 11 June 1833 with the passage of a law proposed by Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga. It called for the creation of nine academic departments; the President of the Republic would pass a decree formally creating the departments once the majority of them were in operation. In 1836, the House of General Studies was formed, housing the departments of Latin, philosophy, mathematics, theology and jurisprudence. On 27 May 1838, Manuel Oribe passed a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic. That decree had few practical effects, given the institutional instability of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay at that time.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self - governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union. It was a result of the declaration number 142 - Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7: 32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" } ]

[ { "answer": "the Soviet Union", "id": 22952, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What superpower in 1980 created a stamp in honor of Avicenna?", "raw_question": "What superpower in 1980 created a stamp in honor of Avicenna?", "statement": "The Soviet Union created a stamp in honor of Avicenna in 1980." }, { "answer": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "id": 69948, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "who was the president of the russian republic at the time of the disintegration of the Soviet Union", "raw_question": "who was the president of the russian republic at the time of the disintegration of #1", "statement": "Mikhail Gorbachev was the president of the Russian Republic at the time of the disintegration of the Soviet Union." }, { "answer": "Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva", "id": 617898, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Mikhail Gorbachev >> spouse", "raw_question": "#2 >> spouse", "statement": "Mikhail Gorbachev's spouse was Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva." } ]

[ "Raisa Gorbacheva" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hilal Al-Ahmadi (1954? – 17 February 2011), who was an Iraqi veteran journalist with over 30 years of experience and well known for his reports about corruption, was assassinated in front of his home east of Mosul, Iraq.", "title": "Hilal Al-Ahmadi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kuwait is a group of approximately 40 paintings made by Nabil Kanso in 1990-91 on the Gulf War and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The works in the series were first exhibited in Kuwait in March – April 1992 at the Free Atelier Art Center and traveled in June to Caracas for a special exhibit at the Palacio de Gobierno in honor of the Emir of Kuwait’s visit to Venezuela. Then, the exhibition proceeded to Geneva and was held at the Red Cross Museum in July – August 1992.", "title": "Kuwait (Kanso series)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city of Jerusalem is of special importance to Jews, Muslims and Christians as it is the home of sites that are pivotal to their religious beliefs, such as the Old City that incorporates the Western Wall and the Temple Mount, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Other locations of religious importance in Israel are Nazareth (holy in Christianity as the site of the Annunciation of Mary), Tiberias and Safed (two of the Four Holy Cities in Judaism), the White Mosque in Ramla (holy in Islam as the shrine of the prophet Saleh), and the Church of Saint George in Lod (holy in Christianity and Islam as the tomb of Saint George or Al Khidr). A number of other religious landmarks are located in the West Bank, among them Joseph's Tomb in Nablus, the birthplace of Jesus and Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem, and the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. The administrative center of the Bahá'í Faith and the Shrine of the Báb are located at the Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa; the leader of the faith is buried in Acre. Apart from maintenance staff, there is no Bahá'í community in Israel, although it is a destination for pilgrimages. Bahá'í staff in Israel do not teach their faith to Israelis following strict policy. A few miles south of the Bahá'í World Centre is the Middle East centre of the reformist Ahmadiyya movement. Its mixed neighbourhood of Jews and Ahmadi Arabs is the only one of its kind in the country.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Khan Shaykhun chemical attack took place on 4 April 2017 on the town of Khan Shaykhun in the Idlib Governorate of Syria. At the time of the attack, the town was under the control of Tahrir al - Sham, previously known as the al - Nusra Front.", "title": "Khan Shaykhun chemical attack" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sheikha Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani (; born 1983) is the sister of Qatar's ruling Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, and daughter of the country's Father Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and former First Lady Moza bint Nasser. Al-Mayassa was declared the most influential person in art on ArtReview's Power 100, and prominently appears on the Time 100, and Forbes' The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. Al-Mayassa serves as Chairperson of Qatar Museums, and it was reported by Bloomberg that her annual acquisition budget on behalf of the organization is estimated at $1 billion.", "title": "Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Al Jumum is a village in Makkah Province, in western Saudi Arabia. The Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha in al-Jumum took place in September, 627AD, 6AH of the Islamic calendar at this location during the era of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.", "title": "Al Jumum" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi (A. M. Ahmadi) (born 25 March 1932) was the 26th Chief Justice of India. After serving as a judge in the Gujarat High Court, Ahmadi was appointed judge to the Supreme Court in 1988. He was then elevated to the post of Chief Justice, and served from 1994–1997. He served as Chancellor at the Aligarh Muslim University.", "title": "Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Qur'an the word 'alim has occurred in 140 places, while al -' ilm in 27. In all, the total number of verses in which 'ilm or its derivatives and associated words are used is 704. The aids of knowledge such as book, pen, ink etc. amount to almost the same number. Qalam occurs in two places, al - kitab in 230 verses, among which al - kitab for al - Qur'an occurs in 81 verses. Other words associated with writing occur in 319 verses.", "title": "Ilm (Arabic)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Place des Martyres is the title of a series of over 250 watercolors and drawings executed in New York and Beirut between 1971 and 1974 by Nabil Kanso. The subjects of the works in the series are based on the women headquartered in the red-light district of Beirut city center called el Bourj, and after World War I named Place des Martyrs French for Martyrs’ Place in memory of dozens of Arab nationalists who were hanged in 1915-16 during Ottoman rule.", "title": "Place des Martyres (paintings)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third season of ABC Family drama television series Switched at Birth began on January 13, 2014, and will consist of 22 episodes. The season is produced by ABC Family, Pirates' Cove Entertainment, and Suzy B Productions, with Paul Stupin and series creator Lizzy Weiss serving as executive producers.", "title": "Switched at Birth (season 3)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Al-Ahmadi Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Al-Shabab. The stadium holds 18,000 people.", "title": "Al-Ahmadi Stadium" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Toughest Place To Be A... is a BBC Two television documentary which offered various working or retired professionals in the United Kingdom a different and more challenging working environment in the same profession they worked in. These individuals travel to a foreign country to learn and work under the new environment for ten days. First broadcast in February 2011, a total of fifteen episodes were produced since. In the United States the programme is aired on Al Jazeera America.", "title": "Toughest Place to be a..." }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed al-Muwali () aka Khadr al-Sabahi is a former senior member of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party. Ahmed currently has a million dollar bounty placed on his head as one of Iraq's most wanted men accused of funding and leading resistance operations. He is the leader of al-Awda; an underground Ba'athist movement in Iraq.", "title": "Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians.", "title": "Meskhenet" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season Wins Losses Win% Place Playoffs 2008 75 86. 466 3rd in AL West 2009 75 87. 463 4th in AL West 81 81. 500 2nd in AL West 2011 74 88. 457 3rd in AL West 2012 94 68. 580 1st in AL West Lost ALDS vs. Detroit Tigers, 2 -- 3 2013 96 66. 593 1st in AL West Lost ALDS vs. Detroit Tigers, 2 -- 3 2014 88 74. 543 2nd in AL West Lost ALWC vs. Kansas City Royals, 8 -- 9 2015 68 94. 420 5th in AL West 2016 69 93. 426 5th in AL West 2017 75 87. 463 5th in AL West 10 - Year Record 795 824. 491 -- -- All - Time Record 8,834 9,322. 487 -- --", "title": "Oakland Athletics" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ahmadi, who is known for nearly five decades of memorable performances, was born in 1924 in a neighborhood in the south of the capital Tehran. In addition to being one of the most successful figures in the Iranian cinema, Ahmadi was famous for his dubbing career. He was also known for singing different songs, including innovative types. Among Ahmadi’s works are \"Autobus\", \"Madrak-e Jorm\" (exhibit piece) and \"Khane-kharab\" (homeless). He died on 21 December 2014.", "title": "Morteza Ahmadi" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About 97.0% of Pakistanis are Muslims. Pakistan has the second largest number of Muslims in the world after Indonesia. The majority are Sunni (75 -- 95%) while Shias make up between 5 -- 20% and Ahmadis (sometimes considered non-Muslims) are 1 -- 2%.", "title": "Islam in Pakistan" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kuwait", "id": 416392, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Al Ahmadi >> country", "raw_question": "Al Ahmadi >> country", "statement": "The creator of the paintings named after the country Al Ahmadi was born in Kuwait." }, { "answer": "Nabil Kanso", "id": 284171, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Kuwait >> creator", "raw_question": "#1 >> creator", "statement": "Nabil Kanso is the creator of the paintings named after the country Kuwait." }, { "answer": "Beirut", "id": 771594, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Nabil Kanso >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#2 >> place of birth", "statement": "Nabil Kanso was born in Beirut." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Body in the Bath House is a 2001 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the 13th book of the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome and Britannia in AD 75, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title refers to the discovery of a corpse hidden beneath the floor of one bath house and a murder which takes place in another.", "title": "A Body in the Bath House" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I'm Going Down ''is a song written and produced by Norman Whitfield, and performed by Rose Royce. The single is from the film Car Wash and is featured on the film's soundtrack.", "title": "I'm Going Down (Rose Royce song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman\" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her third studio album, Britney (2001). It was written and produced by Max Martin and Rami, with additional writing from Dido. The song was released on February 18, 2002, by Jive Records. In the United States and Canada, the song was released as the second single from her third studio album Britney; internationally, it served as the third. \"I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman\" is a song that speaks about the angst and heartache of adolescence. Spears considered the song inspirational and one of her favorite songs to perform.", "title": "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Every Day (I Love You More)\" is a 1989 song recorded by Australian singer Jason Donovan. It was released in August 1989 as the fifth and final single from his debut album, \"Ten Good Reasons\". It was also the least successful from this album, remaining at the bottom of many European charts, although it hit number two in the UK for a week, in which he was able to uninterrupt the Italo house song \"Ride on Time\", where he was placed in the first place for six interrupted weeks of the Italian group \"Black Box\", As the singer's other songs at the time, it was written and produced by the trio Stock Aitken Waterman.", "title": "Every Day (I Love You More)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates or vote.", "title": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Houses at 838-862 Brightridge Street in the Perry South neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, were built in 1887 on both sides of what was then called Brighton Place. Twelve houses were built on the north side of the street and 13 were built on the south side. They are similar in size and floor plan to the row houses on Charles Street that were also built by William A. Stone, who later became governor of Pennsylvania. The Brightridge Street row houses were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 1, 1984.", "title": "Houses at 838-862 Brightridge Street" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Noctis Labyrinthus (Latin: \"labyrinth of the night\") is a region of Mars between Valles Marineris and the Tharsis upland. It is located in the Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle. The region is notable for its maze-like system of deep, steep-walled valleys. The valleys and canyons of this region formed by faulting and many show classic features of grabens, with the upland plain surface preserved on the valley floor. In some places the valley floors are rougher, disturbed by landslides, and there are places where the land appears to have sunk down into pit-like formations. It is thought that this faulting was triggered by volcanic activity in the Tharsis region. Research described in December 2009 found a variety of minerals, including clays, sulfates, and hydrated silicas, in some of the layers.", "title": "Noctis Labyrinthus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Woman ''Single by Peter and Gordon B - side`` Wrong from the Start'' Released 10 January 1966 (USA) 11 February 1966 (UK) Format 7 ''45rpm Recorded 1965 Genre Folk rock Length 2: 25 Label Capitol # 5579 (USA) Columbia (EMI) DB7834 (UK) Songwriter (s) A side: Bernard Webb (Paul McCartney) Peter and Gordon singles chronology ``Baby I'm Yours'' (1965)`` Woman ''(1966) ``To Show I Love You'' (1966)`` Baby I'm Yours ''(1965) ``Woman'' (1966)`` To Show I Love You ''(1966)", "title": "Woman (Paul McCartney song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I'm in the Mood for Love ''is a popular song published in 1935. The music was written by Jimmy McHugh, the lyrics by Dorothy Fields. The song was introduced by Frances Langford in the movie Every Night at Eight released that year.", "title": "I'm in the Mood for Love" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The modern - day White House complex includes the Executive Residence, West Wing, East Wing, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building -- the former State Department, which now houses offices for the President's staff and the Vice President -- and Blair House, a guest residence. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories -- the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor, as well as a two - story basement. The property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the President's Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of ``America's Favorite Architecture ''.", "title": "White House" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bitter fighting raged for every ruin, street, factory, house, basement, and staircase. Even the sewers were the sites of firefights. The Germans called this unseen urban warfare Rattenkrieg (\"Rat War\"), and bitterly joked about capturing the kitchen but still fighting for the living room and the bedroom. Buildings had to be cleared room by room through the bombed-out debris of residential neighborhoods, office blocks, basements and apartment high-rises. Some of the taller buildings, blasted into roofless shells by earlier German aerial bombardment, saw floor-by-floor, close quarters combat, with the Germans and Soviets on alternate levels, firing at each other through holes in the floors. Fighting on and around Mamayev Kurgan, a prominent hill above the city, was particularly merciless; indeed, the position changed hands many times.", "title": "Battle of Stalingrad" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Artist Pablo Antonio's postwar oeuvre, the Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building, built in 1953 at the corner of Carriedo Street and Rizal Avenue in Manila, Philippines, transfigured the modernist box into a building that was suited to the tropics by utilizing double sunshades. The concrete slab overhangs at both ceiling height and window sill height for every floor braced by staggered vertical fins of half-storey height. Curved bands of concrete horizontally traversed every floor. It serves as a protection for both sunlight and rain.", "title": "Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"I'm Every Woman\" is the debut solo single by American singer Chaka Khan from her debut solo studio album \"Chaka\" (1978). It was Khan's first hit outside her recordings with the funk band Rufus. \"I'm Every Woman\" was produced by Arif Mardin and written by the successful songwriting team Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. The single established Chaka's career outside the group Rufus, whom she would leave after their eighth studio album \"Masterjam\" was released in late 1979.", "title": "I'm Every Woman" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "By the 1920s, the business in downtown Chicago could support a much larger facility, and the Palmer Estate decided to erect a new 25 - story hotel. They hired Holabird & Roche to design the building. Between 1923 and 1925, the hotel was rebuilt on the same site.", "title": "The Palmer House Hilton" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I'm on Fire\" is a song written and performed by American rock performer Bruce Springsteen. Released in 1985, it was the fourth single from his album \"Born in the U.S.A.\"", "title": "I'm on Fire" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.", "title": "Gymnastics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, Hermite's identity, named after Charles Hermite, gives the value of a summation involving the floor function. It states that for every real number \"x\" and for every positive integer \"n\" the following identity holds:", "title": "Hermite's identity" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Taka Boom (born Yvonne Stevens; October 8, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American female R&B and dance music singer, and is the younger sister of singer Chaka Khan and Mark Stevens of Aurra. She sang background vocals for several Parliament albums in the 1970s. Taka Boom is sometimes credited as Takka Boom and is known for her work with DJ/producer Dave Lee, especially in a range of hits under the Joey Negro name. Boom was also a later member of the Norman Whitfield group The Undisputed Truth, and led them on their 1976 disco hit \"You + Me = Love\".", "title": "Taka Boom" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chaka Khan", "id": 468453, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "I'm Every Woman >> performer", "raw_question": "I'm Every Woman >> performer", "statement": "Chaka Khan is the performer of \"I'm Every Woman\"." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "id": 797479, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Chaka Khan >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Chaka Khan was born in Chicago." }, { "answer": "25 - story hotel", "id": 57072, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "how many floors does the palmer house in Chicago have", "raw_question": "how many floors does the palmer house in #2 have", "statement": "The Palmer House Hotel in Chicago has 25 stories." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Call\" is a song written by Gene MacLellan and performed by Anne Murray. The song reached #5 on the Canadian country chart, #6 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart, and #13 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart in 1976. The song appeared on her 1975 album, \"Together\". The song was produced by Tom Catalano. Murray recorded a different version on her 1970 album, \"Honey, Wheat and Laughter\".", "title": "The Call (Anne Murray song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Battles which are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities, and more recently the Battle of Medak Pocket, in Croatia.", "title": "Canadian Armed Forces" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canadian passport Passeport canadien (French) The front cover of a Canadian e-passport (with chip). Date first issued 1862 (letter of request) 1921 (booklet) July 1, 2013 (biometric) Issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Type of document Passport Purpose Identification Eligibility requirements Canadian citizenship Expiration 5 or 10 years after acquisition for adults (age 16 years and older), and 5 years for children under 16 Cost Adult (5 years) (show) Regular: C $120 Express: C $170 Urgent: C $230 Adult (10 years) (show) Regular: C $160 Express: C $210 Urgent: C $270 Child (show) Regular: C $57 Express: C $107 Urgent: C $167", "title": "Canadian passport" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Westminster, Dan Snow is the youngest son of Peter Snow, BBC television journalist, and Canadian Ann MacMillan, managing editor emeritus of CBC's London Bureau; thus he holds dual British-Canadian citizenship. Through his mother, he is the nephew of Canadian historian Margaret MacMillan and also a great-great-grandson of British Prime Minister David Lloyd George.", "title": "Dan Snow" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The orders, decorations, and medals of Canada comprise a complex system by which Canadians are honoured by the country's sovereign for actions or deeds that benefit their community or the country at large. Modelled on its British predecessor, the structure originated in the 1930s, but began to come to full fruition at the time of Canada's centennial in 1967, with the establishment of the Order of Canada, and has since grown in both size and scope to include dynastic and national orders, state, civil, and military decorations; and various campaign medals. The monarch in right of each Canadian province also issues distinct orders and medals to honour residents for work performed in just their province. The provincial honours, as with some of their national counterparts, grant the use of post-nominal letters and or supporters and other devices to be used on personal coats of arms.", "title": "Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fluid Rustle is an album by German double bassist and composer Eberhard Weber recorded in 1979 and released on the ECM label.", "title": "Fluid Rustle" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeremy Gara (born June 6, 1978) is a Canadian drummer from Ottawa, Ontario. He is most well known as the drummer of the band Arcade Fire. Gara is an active performer in a number of other projects, including work as a solo performer.", "title": "Jeremy Gara" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intracellular fluid (2 / 3 of body water) is fluid contained within cells. In a 72 - kg body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5%. Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular.", "title": "Body water" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All Canadian passports are issued by the Passport Program of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). Prior to 1 July 2013, Canadian passports were issued by Passport Canada, an independent operating agency of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. They are normally valid for five or ten years for persons 16 years of age and older, and five years for children under 16. In 2017, 60 per cent of Canadians had passports, with there being about 22 million passports in circulation. Although held by individuals, all Canadian passports remain property of the Government of Canada and must be returned to the Passport Program upon request.", "title": "Canadian passport" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stages of a Long Journey is a live album by German double bassist and composer Eberhard Weber recorded in Germany in 2005 and released on the ECM label.", "title": "Stages of a Long Journey" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Strength in Numbers is an album from rap, metal, and funk pioneers 24-7 Spyz. It is the only album to feature Jeff Brodnax, who replaced original vocalist P. Fluid in 1991. On their third effort, the Spyz concentrate on simpler and more direct songwriting, toning down much of their hardcore punk roots and replacing it with Motown-infused heavy metal.", "title": "Strength in Numbers (24-7 Spyz album)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Selimiye Barracks (Turkish: Selimiye Kışlası), also known as Scutari Barracks, is a Turkish Army barracks located in the Üsküdar district on the Asian part of Istanbul, Turkey. It was built first in 1800 by Sultan Selim III for the soldiers of the newly established Nizam-ı Cedid (literally \"New Order\") in frame of the Ottoman military reform efforts.", "title": "Selimiye Barracks" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term water retention (also known as fluid retention) or hydrops, hydropsy, edema, signifies an abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues or cavities of the body.", "title": "Edema" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "32 Combat Engineer Regiment (32 CER) is the Primary Reserve (Militia) unit of the Canadian Military Engineers in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is assigned to 32 Canadian Brigade Group, part of 4th Canadian Division.", "title": "32 Combat Engineer Regiment" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.", "title": "Canadian Armed Forces" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "title": "World War II" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I'm Not Supposed to Love You Anymore\" is a song co-written by Skip Ewing and Donny Kees, and performed by American country music singer Bryan White. It was released in February 1996 as the first single from his album \"Between Now and Forever\". The song peaked at number 4 on the U.S. country chart and at number 2 on the Canadian country chart. It also peaked at number 1 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.", "title": "I'm Not Supposed to Love You Anymore" } ]

[ { "answer": "Eberhard Weber", "id": 722031, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Fluid Rustle >> performer", "raw_question": "Fluid Rustle >> performer", "statement": "Eberhard Weber was the performer of Fluid Rustle." }, { "answer": "Germany", "id": 291186, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Eberhard Weber >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Eberhard Weber, the performer of Fluid Rustle, was a citizen of Germany." }, { "answer": "the strategic bombing of German cities", "id": 4303, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What effort was the Canadian Military known for in Germany ?", "raw_question": "What effort was the Canadian Military known for in #2 ?", "statement": "The Canadian Military was known for the strategic bombing of German cities." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Break Up Club () is a 2010 Hong Kong romance film starring Jaycee Chan and Fiona Sit. This film revolves around a website that allows users to win back lost loves, so long as they agree to break up another happy couple.", "title": "Break Up Club" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Route 217 is a state highway in central Connecticut, running from Route 66 in Middlefield to Route 372 in Cromwell. The route serves the Westfield section of the city of Middletown.", "title": "Connecticut Route 217" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eli Lilly (April 1, 1885 – January 24, 1977) was a pharmaceutical industrialist and philanthropist from Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Under his vision and leadership, Eli Lilly and Company, founded by his grandfather, grew from a successful, family-owned business into a modern corporation and industry leader. Lilly served as the company president (1932–48), chairman of the board of directors (1948–61 and 1966–69), and honorary chairman of the board (1961–66 and 1969–77).", "title": "Eli Lilly (industrialist)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doctor Aybolit (, \"Aibolit\") is a fictional character from the children's poems \"Aybolit\" and \"Barmaley\" by Korney Chukovsky, as far as the children's fantastic novel \"Doctor Aybolit\" of the same author. The name may be translated as \"Ouch, [it] hurts!\"", "title": "Doctor Aybolit" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Dale Eoff (born October 3, 1951 in Artesia, New Mexico) is an American country music artist, known professionally as Kenny Dale. Active in the 1970s, he recorded two albums for Capitol Records and charted several country hits. His biggest hit was a cover version of Gene Pitney's \"Only Love Can Break a Heart\", which peaked at No. 7. Dale retired from the country music business in the early 1980s and took up residence in Nashville, Tennessee. He now works as a school bus driver in Texas.", "title": "Kenny Dale" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Teviot\" was a Yarrow type River Class Destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1902 – 1903 Naval Estimates. Named after the River Teviot in southern Scotland near the border with England, she was the first ship to carry this name in the Royal Navy. She served during World War 1, primarily on anti-submarine duty in the Channel, and was sold for breaking up in 1919.", "title": "HMS Teviot (1903)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Sweet Little '66\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Steve Earle. It was released in October 1987 as the second single from the album \"Exit 0\". The song reached number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Sweet Little '66" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indigenous population in Peru make up around 45%. Native Peruvian traditions and customs have shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today. Cultural citizenship—or what Renato Rosaldo has called, \"the right to be different and to belong, in a democratic, participatory sense\" (1996:243)—is not yet very well developed in Peru. This is perhaps no more apparent than in the country's Amazonian regions where indigenous societies continue to struggle against state-sponsored economic abuses, cultural discrimination, and pervasive violence.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Renée Saint-Cyr (; 16 November 1904 – 11 July 2004) was a French actress. She appeared in 66 films between 1933 and 1994. She was the mother of Georges Lautner, who also achieved fame in the film business, albeit as a director.", "title": "Renée Saint-Cyr" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Kerosene\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in September 2005 as the third single and title-track to her debut album of the same name. The song is about a break-up, where the narrator has enough with her boyfriend and starts burning his stuff with kerosene. It reached number 15 on the Hot Country Songs charts, becoming Lambert's first Top 20 country hit. It also peaked at number 61 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The working title of the song was \"Kerosene (Love's Givin' Up on Me)\".", "title": "Kerosene (song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and \"Russia\" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of Prison Break (also known as Prison Break: Resurrection) is a limited event television series and a revival of the original series created by Paul Scheuring that aired on Fox from 2005 to 2009. The season is produced by 20th Century Fox Television in association with Adelstein / Parouse Productions and Original Film. Paul Scheuring serves as showrunner, with himself, Marty Adelstein, Neal H. Moritz and Dawn Olmstead, Vaun Wilmott, Michael Horowitz and Nelson McCormick serving as executive producers. McCormick also serves as director. The season premiered on April 4, 2017, and concluded on May 30, 2017, consisting of 9 episodes.", "title": "Prison Break (season 5)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Aybolit-66 () is a 1966 Soviet comedy film for children directed by Rolan Bykov. It is based on a story by Kornei Chukovsky. The film features Oleg Yefremov as the good \"Aibolit\" and Rolan Bykov as the evil \"Barmalei\".", "title": "Aybolit-66" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of Prison Break (also known as Prison Break: Resurrection) is a limited event television series and the continuation of the original series created by Paul Scheuring that aired on Fox from 2005 to 2009. The season is produced by 20th Century Fox Television in association with Adelstein / Parouse Productions and Original Film. Paul Scheuring serves as showrunner, with himself, Marty Adelstein, Neal H. Moritz and Dawn Olmstead, Vaun Wilmott, Michael Horowitz and Nelson McCormick serving as executive producers. McCormick also serves as director. The season premiered on April 4, 2017, and concluded on May 30, 2017, consisting of 9 episodes.", "title": "Prison Break (season 5)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Trial on the Road\" was censored and taken out of circulation in the Soviet Union for 15 years after its release due to its controversial depiction of Soviet soldiers. The film is based on a story by the director's father, Yuri German. The screenplay was written by Eduard Volodarsky.", "title": "Trial on the Road" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (Pub. L. 82 -- 414, 66 Stat. 163, enacted June 27, 1952), also known as the McCarran -- Walter Act, codified under Title 8 of the United States Code (8 U.S.C. ch. 12), governs immigration to and citizenship in the United States. It has been in effect since June 27, 1952. Before this Act, a variety of statutes governed immigration law but were not organized within one body of text.", "title": "Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952" } ]

[ { "answer": "Rolan Bykov", "id": 118157, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Who served as director for Aybolit-66?", "raw_question": "Who served as director for Aybolit-66?", "statement": "Rolan Bykov served as the director for Aybolit-66." }, { "answer": "Soviet Union", "id": 773370, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Rolan Bykov >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Rolan Bykov was a citizen of the Soviet Union." }, { "answer": "December 25, 1991", "id": 5558, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "When did Soviet Union break up?", "raw_question": "When did #2 break up?", "statement": "The Soviet Union broke up on December 25, 1991." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilson Cruz (born Wilson Echevarría; December 27, 1973) is an American actor known for playing Rickie Vasquez on My So - Called Life, Angel in the Broadway production of Rent and the recurring character Junito on Noah's Arc. As an openly gay man of Puerto Rican ancestry, he has served as an advocate for gay youth, especially gay youth of color.", "title": "Wilson Cruz" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June. Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Labrisz Lesbian Association was founded in 1999 in Budapest, Hungary. Its purpose is making the lives and issues of lesbian, bisexual and transgender women more visible, along with seeking to aid these women with various cultural programs and discussion groups. Labrisz Lesbian Association is also one of the co-founders of the Rainbow Mission Foundation - the Foundation mainly responsible for organizing the Budapest gay Pride festival each year.", "title": "Labrisz Lesbian Association" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"In Hiding\" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard, \"In Hiding\" is the eleventh track on the band's fifth studio album, \"Yield\" (1998). Despite the lack of a commercial single release, the song managed to reach number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 14 on their Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "title": "In Hiding" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City, the world's largest parade, is presented by the U.S. - based department store chain Macy's. The tradition started in 1924, tying it for the second - oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit (with both parades being four years younger than Philadelphia's Thanksgiving Day Parade). The three - hour Macy's event is held in Manhattan starting at 9: 00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised nationally on NBC since 1952. Employees at Macy's department stores have the option of marching in the parade.", "title": "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Among Seattle's prominent annual fairs and festivals are the 24-day Seattle International Film Festival, Northwest Folklife over the Memorial Day weekend, numerous Seafair events throughout July and August (ranging from a Bon Odori celebration to the Seafair Cup hydroplane races), the Bite of Seattle, one of the largest Gay Pride festivals in the United States, and the art and music festival Bumbershoot, which programs music as well as other art and entertainment over the Labor Day weekend. All are typically attended by 100,000 people annually, as are the Seattle Hempfest and two separate Independence Day celebrations.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of London with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a formal military pageant performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, also called the Udvar-Hazy Center, is the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum (NASM)'s annex at Washington Dulles International Airport in the Chantilly area of Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. It holds numerous exhibits, including the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the \"Enola Gay\".", "title": "Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City, the world's largest parade, is presented by the U.S. - based department store chain Macy's. The tradition started in 1924, tying it for the second - oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit (with both parades being four years younger than the 6abc Dunkin 'Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade in Philadelphia). The three - hour Macy's event is held in Manhattan starting at 9: 00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised nationally on NBC since 1952.", "title": "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cincinnati Pride started in 1973. In 2018, the event had approximately 120,000 attendees. The pride parade serves as the anchor event. The event has corporate and non-profit sponsors, including presenting sponsor Delta Air Lines, as well as others including P&G, US Bank, Fifth Third Bank, The Kroger Co., and TriHealth. Various LGBT and affinity groups are involved, too, including Human Rights Campaign, PFLAG, GLSEN, Dykes on Bikes, Imperial Court System, and various BDSM groups. Churches, entertainers and politicians are also involved.", "title": "Cincinnati Pride" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Craig L. Rodwell (October 31, 1940 – June 18, 1993) was an American gay rights activist known for founding the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop on November 24, 1967, the first bookstore devoted to gay and lesbian authors and as the prime mover for the creation of the New York City pride demonstration. Rodwell is considered by some to be quite possibly \"the\" leading gay rights activist in the early homophile movement of the 1960s.", "title": "Craig Rodwell" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages. Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.", "title": "Sexual orientation" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sprout is a young adult gay novel by American author Dale Peck first published in May 2009. The novel depicts an openly gay teenage boy who moves to Kansas after his mother dies from cancer. While he struggles with harassment at school and two potential boyfriends, he has to decide if he will hide his sexual orientation in order to win a statewide essay-writing contest. An act of betrayal leads to the book's climax.", "title": "Sprout (novel)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Sometimes It Snows in April ''Song by Prince and The Revolution from the album Parade Released 1986 Recorded 1985; Sunset Sound (Hollywood, California) Monterey Sound Studios (Glendale, California) Length 6: 48 Label Paisley Park Warner Bros. Songwriter (s) Prince Wendy & Lisa Producer (s) Prince Parade track listing`` Anotherloverholenyohead'' (11) ``Sometimes It Snows in April ''(12)", "title": "Sometimes It Snows in April" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York's Village Halloween Parade is an annual holiday parade and street pageant presented on the night of every Halloween in New York City's Greenwich Village. The Village Halloween Parade, initiated in 1973 by Greenwich Village puppeteer and mask maker Ralph Lee, that lays claim to being the world's largest Halloween parade where in recent years it is reported to have 60,000 marchers and 2 million spectators..", "title": "New York's Village Halloween Parade" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.", "title": "Carnival" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gay Blue Jeans Day, alternatively National Gay Blue Jeans Day or just Gay Jeans Day is a celebration frequently advertised on college campuses in the United States in coordination with World AIDS Day, Gay Equality Day, Gay Pride Week, or National Coming Out Day. Students are encouraged to wear jeans on a particular day to communicate their support of gay rights.", "title": "Gay Blue Jeans Day" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zagreb Pride is the LGBT pride march in the city of Zagreb, capital of Croatia, with first taking place in 2002. Zagreb Pride is the first successful pride march that took place in Southeast Europe, and has become an annual event. Zagreb Pride members claim their work is inspired by the Stonewall Riots and Gay Liberation Front.", "title": "Zagreb Pride" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Puerto Rican Day Parade was held on Sunday, April 13, 1958, in Manhattan, replacing the former Hispanic Day Parade. This move, part of the mission of the Catholic Archdiocese of New York (esp., Cardinal Spellman and Ivan Illich) represented a shift away from earlier attempts at ``Yankeefication ''toward culturally specific expressions based on traditional fiestas patronales. In 1995, the parade became incorporated as the National Puerto Rican Day Parade and expanded beyond the parade venue itself. The parade now hosts over seven major events throughout the city.", "title": "Puerto Rican Day Parade" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle, Washington. The band's current lineup comprises founding members Eddie Vedder (lead vocals), Mike McCready (lead guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar) and Jeff Ament (bass), and longtime drummer Matt Cameron. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002. Drummers Jack Irons, Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band.", "title": "Pearl Jam" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pearl Jam", "id": 522518, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "In Hiding >> performer", "raw_question": "In Hiding >> performer", "statement": "Pearl Jam is the performer of the song \"In Hiding\"." }, { "answer": "Seattle", "id": 132413, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What city was Pearl Jam formed in?", "raw_question": "What city was #1 formed in?", "statement": "Pearl Jam was formed in Seattle." }, { "answer": "Bite of Seattle", "id": 16077, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What is Seattle 's gay pride parade called?", "raw_question": "What is #2 's gay pride parade called?", "statement": "I think there might be a mistake! The answer provided is \"Bite of Seattle\", which is actually a food festival, not a gay pride parade. Seattle's actual gay pride parade is called the Seattle Pride Parade." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wiedersberger Horn is a mountain in the Alpbachtal valley in Austria. Its summit is . The Wiedersberger Horn is accessible from the Alpbachtal via cableways and the mountainsides are used as a skiing area. In winter it may be climbed without difficulty in safe snow conditions. From the top station of the highest lift in the ski area () there is a path to the summit facilitated by step-like wooden beams.", "title": "Wiedersberger Horn" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The AU Conference Center and Office Complex (AUCC) is a building in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is the headquarters of the African Union and plays host to the biannual AU summits. It also serves as a conference center for African and diaspora businesses. The main building is tall and it is the tallest building in Addis Ababa. Its cost was US$200 million funded by the Chinese government.", "title": "AU Conference Center and Office Complex" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a \"narcokleptocracy\", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.", "title": "Political corruption" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Date Host country Host city 1st 1 -- 6 September 1961 Yugoslavia Belgrade 2nd 5 -- 10 October 1964 United Arab Republic Cairo 3rd 8 -- 10 September 1970 Zambia Lusaka 4th 5 -- 9 September 1973 Algeria Algiers 5th 16 -- 19 August 1976 Sri Lanka Colombo 6th 3 -- 9 September 1979 Cuba Havana 7th 7 -- 12 March 1983 India New Delhi 8th 1 -- 6 September 1986 Zimbabwe Harare 9th 4 -- 7 September 1989 Yugoslavia Belgrade 10th 1 -- 6 September 1992 Indonesia Jakarta 11th 18 -- 20 October 1995 Colombia Cartagena 12th 2 -- 3 September 1998 South Africa Durban 13th 20 -- 25 February 2003 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 14th 15 -- 16 September 2006 Cuba Havana 15th 11 -- 16 July 2009 Egypt Sharm el - Sheikh 16th 26 -- 31 August 2012 Iran Tehran 17th 13 -- 18 September 2016 Venezuela Porlamar", "title": "Non-Aligned Movement" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jordan Romero (born July 12, 1996) is an American mountain climber who was 13 years old when he allegedly reached the summit of Mount Everest. Romero was accompanied by his father Paul Romero, his step - mother Karen Lundgren, and three Sherpas, Ang Pasang Sherpa, Lama Dawa Sherpa, and Lama Karma Sherpa. The previous record for youngest to climb Everest was held by Temba Tsheri Sherpa of Nepal who was 16 years old when he reached the summit in 2001. He was inspired to climb the tallest mountains of each continent when he saw a painting in the hallway of his school that had the seven continents' highest mountains. Upon successfully hiking the Vinson Massif in December 2011 at the age of 15 years, 5 months, 12 days, Romero became the youngest climber in the world to complete the Seven Summits, a title previously held by George Atkinson. After this experience, Romero wrote a novel for children called ``No Summit Out Of Sight. ''", "title": "Jordan Romero" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Challenge (originally known as Road Rules: All Stars, followed by Real World / Road Rules Challenge) is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network's two reality shows, Real World and Road Rules. It features alumni from these two shows, in addition to rookies and alumni from The Challenge, and alumni from Are You the One?, Big Brother (US), Ex on the Beach (UK and US), and Geordie Shore competing against one another for a cash prize. The Challenge is currently hosted by T.J. Lavin. The series premiered on June 1, 1998. The title of the show was originally Road Rules: All Stars before it was renamed Real World / Road Rules Challenge by the show's 2nd season, then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show's 19th season. The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season, providing assignments as ``Mr. ''or`` Ms. Big'' (David ``Puck ''Rainey, David Edwards, and Gladys Sanabria served this role). Later on, however, the series began using hosts: Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season, and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T.J. Lavin became the show's regular host by the 11th season.", "title": "The Challenge (TV series)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silvio Mondinelli (nicknamed \"Gnaro\", born 24 June 1958), is an Italian mountaineer. In the year 2007, he became the 13th person to climb the 14 eight-thousanders. He is the 6th person to accomplish that feat without the use of supplementary oxygen. He was 49 years old when he summited the last of the 14 summits, a task he started in 1993 and finished in 2007.", "title": "Silvio Mondinelli" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Its foreign policy closely follows that of its main ally, France (one of its former colonial rulers). Cameroon relies heavily on France for its defence, although military spending is high in comparison to other sectors of government.President Biya has engaged in a decades-long clash with the government of Nigeria over possession of the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula. Cameroon and Nigeria share a 1,000-mile (1 600 km) border and have disputed the sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula. In 1994 Cameroon petitioned the International Court of Justice to resolve the dispute. The two countries attempted to establish a cease-fire in 1996, however, fighting continued for years. In 2002, the ICJ ruled that the Anglo-German Agreement of 1913 gave sovereignty to Cameroon. The ruling called for a withdrawal by both countries and denied the request by Cameroon for compensation due to Nigeria's long-term occupation. By 2004, Nigeria had failed to meet the deadline to handover the peninsula. A UN-mediated summit in June 2006 facilitated an agreement for Nigeria to withdraw from the region and both leaders signed the Greentree Agreement. The withdrawal and handover of control was completed by August 2006.", "title": "Cameroon" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "20th SAARC summit Host country Sri Lanka Date 2018 Participants Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Follows 19th SAARC summit Precedes 21st SAARC summit Website Saarc", "title": "20th SAARC summit" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Til Debt Do Us Part is a Canadian television series produced by Frantic Films for Slice in Canada, Zone Reality in the United Kingdom and CNBC in the United States. It is hosted by Gail Vaz-Oxlade, who each week visits a couple who are in debt and having relationship troubles. The participants are given weekly challenges, some of which are to help bring the finances and debt under control, with the others meant to help the couple's relationship. At the end of one month, Vaz-Oxlade gives the couple a cheque for an amount up to $5,000, depending on how well they did during the challenges. A 52-Week Life Planner based on the television series was released in 2013 and offers day-by-day, step-by-step strategies and tips for successfully managing household finances.", "title": "Til Debt Do Us Part" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nam Theun, also known as Khading, is a river in Laos, in Khammouane and Bolikhamsai Provinces. Together with its tributaries Nam One, Nam Noy, and Nam Theun it has total length of and drains an area of . \"Nam Theun\" is also three options for large dams on the same river, called Nam Theun 1, Nam Theun 1-2 and Nam Theun 2. Nam Theun 2, which was considered the most economic of the three options, is in operation.", "title": "Nam Theun" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio 2012, Rio + 20 (Portuguese pronunciation: (ˈʁi. u ˈmajʒ ˈvĩtʃi)), or Earth Summit 2012 was the third international conference on sustainable development aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 June 2012, Rio + 20 was a 20 - year follow - up to the 1992 Earth Summit / United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in the same city, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg.", "title": "United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars. Amdo came under Qing control in 1724, and eastern Kham was incorporated into neighbouring Chinese provinces in 1728. Meanwhile, the Qing government sent resident commissioners called Ambans to Lhasa. In 1750 the Ambans and the majority of the Han Chinese and Manchus living in Lhasa were killed in a riot, and Qing troops arrived quickly and suppressed the rebels in the next year. Like the preceding Yuan dynasty, the Manchus of the Qing dynasty exerted military and administrative control of the region, while granting it a degree of political autonomy. The Qing commander publicly executed a number of supporters of the rebels and, as in 1723 and 1728, made changes in the political structure and drew up a formal organization plan. The Qing now restored the Dalai Lama as ruler, leading the governing council called Kashag, but elevated the role of Ambans to include more direct involvement in Tibetan internal affairs. At the same time the Qing took steps to counterbalance the power of the aristocracy by adding officials recruited from the clergy to key posts.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Step Up Revolution (also known as Step Up 4: Miami Heat, and previously titled Step Up 4Ever) is a 2012 American 3D dance film and the fourth installment in the \"Step Up\" film series. It was released on July 27, 2012. The film was directed by Scott Speer and stars Ryan Guzman and Kathryn McCormick, the latter from the sixth season of \"So You Think You Can Dance\". The film features choreography by Jamal Sims, Christopher Scott, Chuck Maldonado and Travis Wall. The production design was created by Carlos A. Menendez. Unlike the first three films, produced by Touchstone Pictures and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, this film was produced by Summit Entertainment and Offspring Entertainment without Disney's involvement and distributed by Lionsgate. This is also the first Summit Entertainment film after being acquired by Lionsgate in January 2012.", "title": "Step Up Revolution" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The forum originated with a 1975 summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6. The summit came to be known as the Group of Seven, or G7, in 1976 with the addition of Canada. Russia was added to the political forum from 1997, which the following year became known as the G8. In March 2014 Russia was suspended following the annexation of Crimea, whereupon the group's name reverted to the G7. Certain representatives of G7 countries stated that they would be interested in Russia's return to the group. However, in 2017 Russia announced that it would permanently leave the political forum G8. The European Union was represented at the G8 since the 1980s as a ``nonenumerated ''participant, but originally could not host or chair summits. The 40th summit was the first time the European Union was able to host and chair a summit. Collectively, in 2012 the G8 nations comprised 50.1 percent of 2012 global nominal GDP and 40.9 percent of global GDP (PPP).", "title": "Group of Eight" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, Burmese Military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The host for the first season of the Canadian program was Thea Andrews. After giving birth to her second child, Andrews stepped down from the position. On November 15, 2011, actress Lisa Ray announced that she was named as host.", "title": "Top Chef Canada" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "7th BRICS Summit VII саммит БРИКС Host country Russia Date 8 -- 9 July 2015 Cities Ufa, Bashkortostan Participants BRICS Follows 6th BRICS summit Precedes 8th BRICS summit Website en.brics2015.ru", "title": "7th BRICS summit" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jordan Romero (born July 12, 1996) is an American mountain climber who was 13 years old when he allegedly reached the summit of Mount Everest. Romero was accompanied by his father Paul Romero, his step - mother Karen Lundgren, and three Sherpas, Ang Pasang Sherpa, Lama Dawa Sherpa, and Lama Karma Sherpa. The previous record for youngest to climb Everest was held by Temba Tsheri Sherpa of Nepal who was 16 years old when he reached the summit in 2001. Romero was inspired to climb the tallest mountains of each continent when he saw a painting in the hallway of his school that had the seven continents' highest mountains. Upon successfully hiking the Vinson Massif in December 2011 at the age of 15 years, 5 months, 12 days, Romero became the youngest climber in the world to complete the Seven Summits, a title previously held by George Atkinson. After this experience, Romero wrote a novel for children called ``No Summit Out Of Sight. ''", "title": "Jordan Romero" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Panama thus became part of Colombia, then governed under the 1821 Constitution of Cúcuta, and was designated a department with two provinces, Panamá and Veraguas. With the addition of Ecuador to the liberated area, the whole country became known as Gran Colombia. Panama sent a force of 700 men to join Simón Bolívar in Peru, where the Peruvian War of Independence continued.", "title": "History of Panama (1821–1903)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Panama", "id": 8373, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What country did Noriega rule?", "raw_question": "What country did Noriega rule?", "statement": "Noriega ruled Panama." }, { "answer": "Colombia", "id": 87072, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who controlled Panama before the us stepped in", "raw_question": "who controlled #1 before the us stepped in", "statement": "Colombia controlled Panama before the US stepped in." }, { "answer": "1995", "id": 45358, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "in which year Colombia hosted the nam summit", "raw_question": "in which year #2 hosted the nam summit", "statement": "Colombia hosted the NAM summit in 1995." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lubefu River is a tributary of the Sankuru River, which in turn is a tributary of the Kasai River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "title": "Lubefu River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatarka River () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right bank tributary of the Babka River, which in turn is a tributary of the Sylva River. The river is long.", "title": "Tatarka River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Tekezé River rises in the central Ethiopian Highlands near Mount Qachen within Lasta, from where it flows west, north, then west again, forming the westernmost border of Ethiopia and Eritrea from the confluence of the Tomsa with the Tekezé at to the tripoint between the two countries and Sudan at . After entering northeastern Sudan at the tripoint it joins the Atbarah River, which is a tributary of the Nile. The Tekezé is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the former follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers.", "title": "Tekezé River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lackawaxen River is a tributary of the Delaware River in northeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. The river flows through a largely rural area in the northern Pocono Mountains, draining an area of approximately .", "title": "Lackawaxen River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bulkley Ranges is mountain range in northern British Columbia, Canada, located between the Skeena and Bulkley Rivers south of Hazelton, north of the Morice River and Zymoetz River. It has an area of 7851 km and is a subrange of the Hazelton Mountains which in turn form part of the Interior Mountains.", "title": "Bulkley Ranges" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Atbarah River (; transliterated: Nahr 'Atbarah) in northeast Africa rises in northwest Ethiopia, approximately 50 km north of Lake Tana and 30 km west of Gondar. It flows about 805 km (500 mi) to the Nile in north-central Sudan, joining it at the city of Atbarah (). The river's tributary, the Tekezé (Setit) River, is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the Tekezé follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) in northeastern Sudan. The Atbarah is the last tributary of the Nile before it reaches the Mediterranean.", "title": "Atbarah River" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumcha River () is a river in the south of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is in length. The area of its basin is . The river originates in the merger Kutsayoki River and Tuntsayoki River and flows into the Iova Reservoir which in turn is part of the Kovda River basin.", "title": "Tumcha River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gastineau Range is a small mountain range in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located west of the Brem River. It has an area of 107 km and is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains.", "title": "Gastineau Range" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Edward lies at an elevation of 920 metres (3,020 ft), is 77 kilometres (48 mi) long by 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its maximum points, and covers a total surface area of 2,325 square kilometres (898 sq mi), making it the 15th-largest on the continent. The lake is fed by the Nyamugasani River, the Ishasha River, the Rutshuru River, the Ntungwe River, and the Rwindi River. Lake George to the northeast empties into it via the Kazinga Channel. Lake Edward empties to the north via the Semliki River into Lake Albert.", "title": "Lake Edward" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The East Branch of the Mohawk River is a river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Mohawk River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "East Branch Mohawk River (New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cheakamus River (pron. CHEEK-a-mus) is a tributary of the Squamish River, beginning on the west slopes of Outlier Peak in Garibaldi Provincial Park upstream from Cheakamus Lake on the southeastern outskirts of the resort area of Whistler. The river flows into Cheakamus Lake before exiting it and flowing northwest until it turns south and enters Daisy Lake. Between the outlet of Daisy Lake and its mouth, much of its length is spent going through Cheakamus Canyon, where the river flows through swift rapids and even one good sized waterfall. The river flows south from the lake and through the canyon before joining the Squamish River at Cheekye, a few miles north of the town of Squamish. The river's name is an anglicization of the name of Chiyakmesh (\"people of the fish weir\"), a village of the Squamish people and a reserve of the Squamish Nation.", "title": "Cheakamus River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The ``Scramble for Africa ''was the occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and by some the Conquest of Africa. In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under European control; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia), the Dervish state (a portion of present - day Somalia) and Liberia still being independent.", "title": "Scramble for Africa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), also known as the northern river otter or the common otter, is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to the North American continent found in and along its waterways and coasts. An adult river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14 kg (11.0 and 30.9 lb). The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water - repellent coat of fur.", "title": "North American river otter" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cuyuni River is a South American river and a tributary of the Essequibo River. It rises in the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela where it descends northward to El Dorado, and turns eastward to meander through the tropical rain forests of Guyana. It finally turns southeastward, flowing to its confluence with the Mazaruni River. The Cuyuni River marks the limit of the disputed territory of Guayana Esequiba for approximately .", "title": "Cuyuni River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lincoln Mountains is a mountain range in southeastern Alaska, United States, located on the Alaskan side of the Portland Canal between the Salmon River and the Soule River, near the community of Hyder. It has an area of 235 km and is a subrange of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains.", "title": "Lincoln Mountains" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Orikaka River (also known as the Mackley River) is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows southwest from the southern end of the Matiri Range before turning south to flow into the Buller River five kilometres to the west of Inangahua.", "title": "Orikaka River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originating as the Chilliwack River in Washington's North Cascades National Park, the river begins at Hannegan Pass and flows north across the Canada–United States border and into Chilliwack Lake. The river flows through Hells Gorge, a deep, dangerous-to-access gorge just below the river's headwaters that is home of a waterfall that the river drops over. The river picks up the Little Chilliwack River before crossing the border. There is a large sandy beach located where the river enters the lake, a popular recreational area among locals. The river exits the north end of the lake and flows generally west via the Chilliwack River Valley to emerge on the Fraser Lowland on the south side of the City of Chilliwack. At Vedder Crossing, the river is joined by the Sweltzer River before flowing under a bridge at which its name changes to the Vedder River, after which is flows west and north to join the Sumas River just before that river's confluence with the Fraser River at the northeast end of Sumas Mountain. The river crosses the Fraser floodplain from Vedder Crossing to its confluence with the Sumas via the Vedder Canal, which prevents the river's considerable spring freshet from flooding the surrounding farmlands and towns, and which is part of the drainage system that turned Sumas Lake into Sumas Prairie.", "title": "Vedder River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Podkumok River () is a river in Stavropol Krai, Russia, right tributary of the Kuma River. The length of the river is . The area of its basin is 2,220 km² (857 mi²). The Podkumok River originates in the Greater Caucasus.", "title": "Podkumok River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oloy River () is a river in Magadan Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Omolon River (Kolyma's basin). The length of the river is . The area of its drainage basin is 23,100 km². It flows roughly northwestwards and passes through the sparsely populated areas of Chukotka. This river meets the Kolyma at Kryukovo.", "title": "Oloy River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyeda is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the easternmost point of the Semien Gondar Zone, Beyeda is bordered on the south by the Wag Hemra Zone, on the west by Jan Amora, on the north by Tselemt, and on the east by the Tekezé River which separates it from the Tigray Region. The major town in Beyeda is Dil Yibza.", "title": "Beyeda" } ]

[ { "answer": "Atbarah River", "id": 155787, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "raw_question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "statement": "The Tekeze River turns into the Atbarah River." }, { "answer": "Africa", "id": 497059, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Atbarah River >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "The Atbarah River is located in the continent of Africa." }, { "answer": "90 percent of the continent", "id": 93114, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "what areas of Africa were involved in colonization", "raw_question": "what areas of #2 were involved in colonization", "statement": "90 percent of Africa was involved in colonization." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He competed for the United States in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St Louis, United States in the 800 metres where he won the silver medal and in the 1500 metres event where he finished seventh. He also competed for the New York Athletic Club team in the 4 mile team race against Chicago AA with teammates Arthur Newton, George Underwood, Paul Pilgrim and David Munson. They won the race and the gold medal.", "title": "Howard Valentine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thaddeus \"Thad\" Rutter Shideler (October 17, 1883 – June 22, 1966) was an American hurdler who competed in the early twentieth century. He competed in athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in the 110 meters hurdles. Fred Schule won the gold medal.", "title": "Thaddeus Shideler" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Quentin Bigot (born 1 December 1992 in Hayange) is a French athlete specialising in the hammer throw. He represented his country at the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Quentin Bigot" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip Mat Schuster (January 24, 1883 – October 31, 1926) was an American gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Philip Schuster" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Graham (January 17, 1904 – July 1986) was an American athlete who competed in the men's pole vault. He competed in Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris and won silver, behind fellow American pole vaulter Lee Barnes who won gold.", "title": "Glen Graham" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau. It occupies the northern central part of the United States of America. It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984. It is located between the Northeastern U.S. and the Western U.S., with Canada to its north and the Southern U.S. to its south.", "title": "Midwestern United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Alexander Duha (February 16, 1875 – January 21, 1940) was an American gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "John Duha" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, 33 athletics events were contested, 24 for men and 9 for women. There were a total number of 720 participating athletes from 61 countries.", "title": "Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anton Heida (born 24 December 1878 in Prague, Czechoslovakia; date of death unknown) was an American gymnast who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He is most notable for winning five gold medals at a single Olympics. He won the vault, horizontal bar, pommel horse, team competition and all-around titles, becoming the most successful athlete at the 1904 Olympics.", "title": "Anton Heida" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis Grenville \"Lou\" Abell (July 21, 1884 – October 25, 1962) was an American rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, which was also the location of his death.", "title": "Louis Abell" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Alexander Brawley (December 29, 1880 – March 1963) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Henry Brawley" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where she swam in the 400m and 800m freestyle, as well as the 400m medley. She attended Rice University on an athletic scholarship.", "title": "Adi Bichman" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from August 29 until September 3, 1904, as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. It was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.", "title": "1904 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "August Henry Rodenberg (July 25, 1873 – April 12, 1933) was an American tug of war athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "August Rodenberg" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Leon \"Tug\" Wilson (March 27, 1896 – February 2, 1979) was an American track and field athlete and amateur athletics administrator. He competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics, finishing tenth in the discus throw competition. Wilson served as the second commissioner of the Big Ten Conference, from 1945 to 1961, and as the president of the United States Olympic Committee from 1953 to 1965.", "title": "Kenneth L. Wilson" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emil Freymark (March 4, 1879 – May 26, 1936) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Emil Freymark" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Washington University in St. Louis (WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. As of 2017, 24 Nobel laureates in economics, physiology and medicine, chemistry, and physics have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university.Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields. To prevent confusion over its location, the Board of Trustees added the phrase \"in St. Louis\" in 1976.", "title": "Washington University in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rolando Julián Aguirre Barreyro (28 January 1904 – 16 August 1994) was a sailor from Argentina, who represented his country at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Le Havre, France.", "title": "Rolando Aguirre" } ]

[ { "answer": "St Louis", "id": 475407, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "The 1904 Summer Olympics were located in the administrative territorial entity of St Louis." }, { "answer": "Missouri", "id": 159891, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Where is Washington University in St Louis located?", "raw_question": "Where is Washington University in #1 located?", "statement": "Washington University in St. Louis is located in Missouri." }, { "answer": "Midwestern United States", "id": 86976, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "what region of the country is Missouri in", "raw_question": "what region of the country is #2 in", "statement": "Missouri is in the Midwestern United States." } ]

[ "Middle West", "Midwest" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Government involvement in the British economy is primarily exercised by Her Majesty's Treasury, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. Since 1979 management of the economy has followed a broadly laissez - faire approach. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and its Monetary Policy Committee is responsible for setting interest rates, quantitative easing, and forward guidance.", "title": "Economy of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and her Thirteen Colonies, which declared independence as the United States of America.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrzej Sławiński (born July 31, 1951 in Warsaw) is a Polish economist and Professor of Economics at the Warsaw School of Economics. He is a member of the Council of Monetary Policies since 2004 and a fellow of Collegium Invisibile.", "title": "Andrzej Sławiński" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Articles formed a war - time confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government. While unratified, the document was used by the Congress to conduct business, direct the American Revolutionary War, conduct diplomacy with foreign nations, and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations. The adoption of the Articles made few perceptible changes in the federal government, because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing. That body was renamed the Congress of the Confederation; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress, since its organization remained the same.", "title": "Articles of Confederation" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The US Federal Reserve belatedly implemented policies similar to the current quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Specifically, banks' excess reserves exceeded 6 percent in 1940, whereas they vanished during the entire postwar period until 2008. Despite this fact, many commentators called the scope of the Federal Reserve quantitative easing program after the 2008 crisis ``unprecedented ''.", "title": "Quantitative easing" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In sharp contrast, Congress and the American states had no end of difficulty financing the war. In 1775, there was at most 12 million dollars in gold in the colonies, not nearly enough to cover current transactions, let alone finance a major war. The British made the situation much worse by imposing a tight blockade on every American port, which cut off almost all imports and exports. One partial solution was to rely on volunteer support from militiamen and donations from patriotic citizens. Another was to delay actual payments, pay soldiers and suppliers in depreciated currency, and promise that it would be made good after the war. Indeed, the soldiers and officers were given land grants in 1783 to cover the wages that they had earned but had not been paid during the war. Not until 1781 did the national government have a strong leader in financial matters, when Robert Morris was named Superintendent of Finance of the United States.", "title": "American Revolution" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under \"North Africa.\" Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.", "title": "Near East" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Monetary policy concerns the actions of a central bank or other regulatory authorities that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply. For example, in the United States, the Federal Reserve is in charge of monetary policy, and implements it primarily by performing operations that influence short - term interest rates.", "title": "Monetary policy of the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Igarapé Institute was formed in 2011 as an independent and non-partisan think and do tank in Brazil. The Institute is devoted to raising attention to the challenges of violence and insecurity across Brazil and Latin America. It works with other Brazilian organizations such as Conectas and Sou da Paz as well as international organizations such as the United Nations and the Inter-American Development Bank to encourage changes in government policy.", "title": "Igarapé Institute" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The monetary base consists of coins and Federal Reserve Notes in circulation outside the Federal Reserve Banks and the U.S. Treasury, plus deposits held by depository institutions at Federal Reserve Banks. The adjusted monetary base has increased from approximately 400 billion dollars in 1994, to 800 billion in 2005, and over 3000 billion in 2013. The amount of cash in circulation is increased (or decreased) by the actions of the Federal Reserve System. Eight times a year, the 12-person Federal Open Market Committee meet to determine U.S. monetary policy. Every business day, the Federal Reserve System engages in Open market operations to carry out that monetary policy. If the Federal Reserve desires to increase the money supply, it will buy securities (such as U.S. Treasury Bonds) anonymously from banks in exchange for dollars. Conversely, it will sell securities to the banks in exchange for dollars, to take dollars out of circulation.", "title": "United States dollar" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William McKinley (January 29, 1843 -- September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897 until his assassination in September 1901, six months into his second term. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of free silver (effectively, expansionary monetary policy).", "title": "William McKinley" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Institute for America's Future was a progressive American think tank. The Institute, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, has a sister organization called Campaign for America's Future which is a 501(c)(4) non-profit organization.", "title": "Institute for America's Future" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The America First Association of Minnesota (AFA) was a patriotic propaganda organization established in the state of Minnesota in November 1917 with a view to assisting the efforts of the United States of America in World War I. The organization was based in the city of St. Paul and was constituted on a county-by-county basis throughout the state. The AFA was one of the leading non-partisan political organizations in that state during wartime.", "title": "America First Association of Minnesota" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bank of Sierra Leone is the central bank of Sierra Leone. It issues the country's currency, known as the Leone. The bank formulates and implements monetary policy, including foreign exchange.", "title": "Bank of Sierra Leone" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in March 2009, the Bank of England had purchased around £165 billion in assets as of September 2009 and around £175 billion in assets by the end of October 2009. At its meeting in November 2009, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to increase total asset purchases to £200 billion. Most of the assets purchased have been UK government securities (gilts); the Bank has also purchased smaller quantities of high - quality private - sector assets. In December 2010, MPC member Adam Posen called for a £50 billion expansion of the Bank's quantitative easing programme, while his colleague Andrew Sentance has called for an increase in interest rates due to inflation being above the target rate of 2%. In October 2011, the Bank of England announced that it would undertake another round of QE, creating an additional £75 billion. In February 2012 it announced an additional £50 billion. In July 2012 it announced another £50 billion, bringing the total amount to £375 billion. The Bank has said that it will not buy more than 70% of any issue of government debt. This means that at least 30% of any issue of government debt will have to be purchased and held by institutions other than the Bank of England. In 2012 the Bank estimated that quantitative easing had benefited households differentially according to the assets they hold; richer households have more assets.", "title": "Quantitative easing" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The euro is managed and administered by the Frankfurt-based European Central Bank (ECB) and the Eurosystem (composed of the central banks of the eurozone countries). As an independent central bank, the ECB has sole authority to set monetary policy. The Eurosystem participates in the printing, minting and distribution of notes and coins in all member states, and the operation of the eurozone payment systems.", "title": "Euro" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.", "title": "Treaty of Paris (1783)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qatar Central Bank was originally the Qatar Monetary Agency (and was known before that as Qatar Dubai Currency Board), founded on May 13, 1973 after Dubai joined the United Arab Emirates and disengaged itself from British monetary policy which the area had previously followed. The Qatar Monetary Agency assumed the duties of a central bank. In 1973, Amiri Decree No. 24 authorized the issuance of the Qatari Riyal (QR).", "title": "Qatar Central Bank" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Susan George (born June 29, 1934) is an American and French political and social scientist, activist and writer on global social justice, Third World poverty, underdevelopment and debt. She is a fellow and president of the board of the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam. She is a fierce critic of the present policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (IBRD) and what she calls their 'maldevelopment model'. She similarly criticizes the structural reform policies of the Washington Consensus on Third World development. She is of U.S. birth but now resides in France, and has dual citizenship since 1994.", "title": "Susan George (political scientist)" } ]

[ { "answer": "the United States", "id": 90728, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "what was america called after the revolutionary war", "raw_question": "what was america called after the revolutionary war", "statement": "The United States." }, { "answer": "the Federal Reserve", "id": 91799, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "which organization sets monetary policy for the United States", "raw_question": "which organization sets monetary policy for #1", "statement": "The Federal Reserve sets monetary policy for the United States." }, { "answer": "during the Great Depression of the 1930s", "id": 73100, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "when did the Federal Reserve start quantitative easing", "raw_question": "when did #2 start quantitative easing", "statement": "The Federal Reserve started quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s." } ]

[ "Great Depression" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Looking Through Your Eyes\" is the lead single for the by American country pop recording artist LeAnn Rimes. The song placed at number four on the Adult Contemporary charts, number 18 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 38 in the UK. The song was also featured on Rimes' album \"Sittin' on Top of the World\". The song was performed on screen as a duet by The Corrs with Bryan White. Andrea Corr provided the singing voice for the female lead of Kayley and Bryan White provided the singing voice for the male lead of Garrett. It was also performed by David Foster as an instrumental on the soundtrack.", "title": "Looking Through Your Eyes" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The population of the countries and regions of the United Kingdom was last measured by census in 2011. and the Census organisations have produced population estimates for subsequent years by updating the census results with estimates of births, deaths and migration in each year. The census results, and the annual population estimates, summarised below show that England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom and its population is therefore also presented by region.", "title": "Countries of the United Kingdom by population" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An icon in his country of birth, Ycaza's success inspired other diminutive Panamanian youngsters to pursue a career as a jockey. In 1962, \"Sports Illustrated\" magazine published an article about the \"Spanish invasion\" of American Thoroughbred horse racing led by Ycaza.", "title": "Manuel Ycaza" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas.", "title": "Christmas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song \"Flying Without Wings\" with his single release from the show \"This Is the Night\", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.", "title": "International Who's Who in Music" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eberhard Weber (born 22 January 1940 in Stuttgart) is a German double bassist and composer. As a bass player, he is known for his highly distinctive tone and phrasing. Weber's compositions blend chamber jazz, European classical music, minimalism and ambient music, and are regarded as characteristic examples of the ECM Records sound.", "title": "Eberhard Weber" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After his breakout role in The Silence of the Lambs (as primary antagonist Buffalo Bill), there was a period where he was typecast in villainous roles. Levine was able to remedy this by playing more positive characters, such as a member of Al Pacino's police unit in Heat, astronaut Alan Shepard in the HBO mini-series From the Earth to the Moon, and Paul Walker's police superior Sergeant Tanner in The Fast and the Furious. In the drama Georgia, he played Mare Winningham's husband, one of his most sympathetic roles. His résumé also includes an uncredited role as the voice of the sociopathic trucker ``Rusty Nail ''in 2001's Joy Ride, and his performance as Detective Sam Nico in the 2003 film Wonderland, based on the gruesome murders in the Hollywood Hills. From 2002 to 2009, he co-starred as Captain Leland Stottlemeyer on USA Network's detective series Monk, starring Tony Shalhoub.", "title": "Ted Levine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed ``Producers' Auditions '', they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held. Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the`` Judges' Auditions'', which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In many countries, age is reckoned from the date of birth, and sometimes the birthday is celebrated annually. East Asian age reckoning starts newborns at \"1\", incrementing each Lunar New Year.", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After having played mainly for modest clubs in his country of birth, Germany, he revived his career in Cyprus where he played with success for Omonia, eventually representing the Cypriot national team despite having already reached his 30s.", "title": "Rainer Rauffmann" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. Millennials are sometimes referred to as ``echo boomers ''due to a major surge in birth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and because millennials are often the children of the baby boomers. The 20th - century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the`` baby boom echo'' was generally less pronounced than the post -- World War II baby boom.", "title": "Millennials" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Newsmill was owned by the Bonnier Group, a giant media conglomerate, Proventus, an investment group, Nelson and Lagercrantz. There are links to other mainstream media, since Bonnier also own Dagens Nyheter, Expressen and Résumé, which frequently comment on opinion articles in Newsmill. Expressen also published, every Sunday, a summary of the debates on Newsmill. The site was shut down in June 2013.", "title": "TV4 Newsmill" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tyron Akins (born 6 January 1986) is a US-born hurdler competing internationally for Nigeria. He switched allegiance from his country of birth to Nigeria in 2014 and has since won several medals on the continental level.", "title": "Tyron Akins" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stuttgart is a city in and the county seat of the northern district of Arkansas County, Arkansas, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 79, approximately southeast of Little Rock. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 9,326.", "title": "Stuttgart, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Résumé is a live album by German double bassist and composer Eberhard Weber recorded at various locations between 1990 and 2007 and released on the ECM label.", "title": "Résumé (Eberhard Weber album)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British researchers Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett have found higher rates of health and social problems (obesity, mental illness, homicides, teenage births, incarceration, child conflict, drug use), and lower rates of social goods (life expectancy by country, educational performance, trust among strangers, women's status, social mobility, even numbers of patents issued) in countries and states with higher inequality. Using statistics from 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah and New Hampshire with high levels of equality, than in countries (US and UK) and states (Mississippi and New York) with large differences in household income.", "title": "Economic inequality" } ]

[ { "answer": "Eberhard Weber", "id": 783119, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Résumé >> performer", "raw_question": "Résumé >> performer", "statement": "Eberhard Weber is the performer of Résumé." }, { "answer": "Stuttgart", "id": 687783, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Eberhard Weber >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Eberhard Weber was born in Stuttgart." }, { "answer": "U.S.", "id": 377423, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Stuttgart >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "Stuttgart is in the United States." } ]

[ "the US", "America", "USA", "U.S", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Savenay took place on 23 December 1793, and marks the end of the Virée de Galerne operational phase of the first war in the Vendée after the French Revolution. A Republican force of approximately 18,000 decisively defeated the Armée Catholique et Royale force of 6,000 at Savenay.", "title": "Battle of Savenay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Cartel is a 2009 American documentary film by New Jersey-based television producer, reporter and news anchor Bob Bowdon, that covers the failures of public education in the United States by focusing on New Jersey, which has the highest level of per-student education spending in the U.S. According to The Internet Movie Database (IMDb), the film asks: \"How has the richest and most innovative society on earth suddenly lost the ability to teach its children at a level that other modern countries consider 'basic'?\" The film regards teachers' unions as the cause of the problems (they are \"the cartel\" of the title), due to, among other things, the obstacles they put in place to firing bad teachers, through tenure. It also makes the case for school vouchers and charter schools, suggesting that the increased competition will revitalize the school system, leading to improved efficiency and performance in all schools, both district and charter.", "title": "The Cartel" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Trenton was a small but pivotal battle during the American Revolutionary War which took place on the morning of December 26, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey. After General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton the previous night, Washington led the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian mercenaries garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, almost two - thirds of the Hessian force was captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments.", "title": "Battle of Trenton" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Wooster ( – May 2, 1777) was an American general who served in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolutionary War. He died of wounds sustained during the Battle of Ridgefield, Connecticut. Cities, schools, and public places were named after him. He has been called \"a largely forgotten hero of the Revolution.\"", "title": "David Wooster" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ulundi took place at the Zulu capital of Ulundi on 4 July 1879 and was the last major battle of the Anglo-Zulu War. The British army broke the military power of the Zulu nation by defeating the main Zulu army and immediately afterwards capturing and razing the capital of Zululand, the royal kraal of Ulundi.", "title": "Battle of Ulundi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Savannah (/ səˈvænə /) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia. A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War, Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport. It is Georgia's fifth - largest city and third - largest metropolitan area.", "title": "Savannah, Georgia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Manila Bay (Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.", "title": "Battle of Manila Bay" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Williamsburg was founded in 1632 as Middle Plantation, a fortified settlement on high ground between the James and York rivers. The city served as the capital of the Colony and Commonwealth of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and was the center of political events in Virginia leading to the American Revolution. The College of William & Mary, established in 1693, is the second - oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the only one of the nine colonial colleges located in the South; its alumni include three U.S. presidents as well as many other important figures in the nation's early history.", "title": "Williamsburg, Virginia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On February 8, 1847, Doniphan continued his march with 924 men mostly from Missouri; he accompanied a train of 315 wagons of a large commercial caravan heading to the state capital. Meanwhile, the Mexican forces in the state had time to prepare a defense against the Americans. About 20 miles (32 km) north of the capital where two mountain ranges join from east to west is the only pass into the capital; known as Sacramento Pass, this point is now part of present-day Chihuahua City. The Battle of Sacramento was the most important battle fought in the state of Chihuahua because it was the sole defense for the state capital. The battle ended quickly because of some devastating defensive errors from the Mexican forces and the ingenious strategic moves by the American forces. After their loss at the Battle of Sacramento, the remaining Mexican soldiers retreated south, leaving the city to American occupation. Almost 300 Mexicans were killed in the battle, as well as almost 300 wounded. The Americans also confiscated large amounts of Mexican supplies and took 400 Mexican soldiers prisoners of war. American forces maintained an occupation of the state capital for the rest of the Mexican–American War.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "We Have the Right to Remain Violent is the sixth album by American rap group South Central Cartel. Havikk The Rhime Son is not featured in any songs.", "title": "We Have the Right to Remain Violent" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.", "title": "Battle of Manila Bay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Atlanta was a battle of the Atlanta Campaign fought during the American Civil War on July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Continuing their summer campaign to seize the important rail and supply center of Atlanta, Union forces commanded by William Tecumseh Sherman overwhelmed and defeated Confederate forces defending the city under John Bell Hood. Union Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson was killed during the battle. Despite the implication of finality in its name, the battle occurred midway through the campaign, and the city did not fall until September 2, 1864, after a Union siege and various attempts to seize railroads and supply lines leading to Atlanta. After taking the city, Sherman's troops headed south - southeastward toward Milledgeville, the state capital, and on to Savannah with the March to the Sea.", "title": "Battle of Atlanta" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the decline of the Mughal Empire in the early 1700s, Bengal became a semi-independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal, before it was conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, directly contributing to the Industrial Revolution in Britain and to deindustrialization and famines in Bengal. The Bengali city of Calcutta served as the capital city of British India up until the early 20th century.", "title": "History of Bangladesh" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres (Haitian Creole: \"Batay Ravin Koulèv\"), also known as the Battle of Snake Gully, was a major battle of the Haitian Revolution on 23 February 1802.", "title": "Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Long Island is also known as the Battle of Brooklyn and the Battle of Brooklyn Heights. It was fought on August 27, 1776 and was the first major battle of the American Revolutionary War to take place after the United States declared its independence on July 4, 1776. It was a victory for the British Army and the beginning of a successful campaign that gave them control of the strategically important city of New York. In terms of troop deployment and fighting, it was the largest battle of the entire war.", "title": "Battle of Long Island" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Jersey's 15th Legislative District is one of 40 in the New Jersey Legislature, covering the Hunterdon County municipalities of East Amwell Township, Lambertville City and West Amwell Township; and the Mercer County municipalities of Ewing Township, Hopewell Borough, Hopewell Township, Lawrence Township, Pennington Borough, Trenton City and West Windsor Township.", "title": "15th Legislative District (New Jersey)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Juárez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the Southside Locos, traditionally known as Sureños.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), or Battle of Dominica, was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place 9 April 1782 – 12 April 1782, during the American Revolutionary War. The British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeated a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse, forcing the French and Spanish to abandon a planned invasion of Jamaica.", "title": "Battle of the Saintes" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The major opponent of Freemasonry was the Roman Catholic Church, so that in countries with a large Catholic element, such as France, Italy, Spain, and Mexico, much of the ferocity of the political battles involve the confrontation between what Davies calls the reactionary Church and enlightened Freemasonry. Even in France, Masons did not act as a group. American historians, while noting that Benjamin Franklin and George Washington were indeed active Masons, have downplayed the importance of Freemasonry in causing the American Revolution because the Masonic order was non-political and included both Patriots and their enemy the Loyalists.", "title": "Age of Enlightenment" } ]

[ { "answer": "New Jersey", "id": 136817, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Which place is The Cartel in?", "raw_question": "Which place is The Cartel in?", "statement": "The Cartel is about New Jersey." }, { "answer": "Trenton", "id": 686928, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "New Jersey >> capital", "raw_question": "#1 >> capital", "statement": "Trenton is the capital of New Jersey." }, { "answer": "significantly boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments", "id": 51733, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "why was the battle of Trenton important to the american revolution", "raw_question": "why was the battle of #2 important to the american revolution", "statement": "The battle of Trenton significantly boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments." } ]

[ "Continental Army" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is Spain's second most important tournament on the ATP tour after the Madrid Open and the event generally takes place in the last week of April, when temperatures in Barcelona average a daily high of 19 ° C (66 ° F). Rafael Nadal has won the singles title a record eleven times.", "title": "Barcelona Open (tennis)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Classified as a Subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), Santa Monica enjoys an average of 310 days of sunshine a year. It is located in USDA plant hardiness zone 11a. Because of its location, nestled on the vast and open Santa Monica Bay, morning fog is a common phenomenon in May, June and early July (caused by ocean temperature variations and currents). Like other inhabitants of the greater Los Angeles area, residents have a particular terminology for this phenomenon: the \"May Gray\" and the \"June Gloom\". Overcast skies are common during June mornings, but usually the strong sun burns the fog off by noon. In the late winter/early summer, daily fog is a phenomenon too. It happens suddenly and it may last some hours or past sunset time. Nonetheless, it will sometimes stay cloudy and cool all day during June, even as other parts of the Los Angeles area enjoy sunny skies and warmer temperatures. At times, the sun can be shining east of 20th Street, while the beach area is overcast. As a general rule, the beach temperature is from 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (3 to 6 degrees Celsius) cooler than it is inland during summer days, and 5–10 degrees warmer during winter nights.", "title": "Santa Monica, California" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A self - cleaning oven is an oven which uses high temperature (approximately 500 degrees Celsius or 900 degrees Fahrenheit) to burn off leftovers from baking, without the use of any chemical agents.", "title": "Self-cleaning oven" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Douglass Reid (born October 24, 1972, Nashville, U.S.) is a professional boxer. He is a single parent and has five children.", "title": "Jonathan Reid" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Istanbul's persistently high humidity reaches 80 percent most mornings. Because of this, fog is very common, although more so in northern parts of the city and away from the city center. Dense fog disrupts transportation in the region, including on the Bosphorus, and is common during the autumn and winter months when the humidity remains high into the afternoon. The humid conditions and the fog tend to dissipate by midday during the summer months, but the lingering humidity exacerbates the moderately high summer temperatures. During these summer months, high temperatures average around 29 °C (84 °F) and rainfall is uncommon; there are only about fifteen days with measurable precipitation between June and August. The summer months also have the highest concentration of thunderstorms.Winter is colder in Istanbul than in most other cities around the Mediterranean Basin, with low temperatures averaging 1–4 °C (34–39 °F). Lake-effect snow from the Black Sea is common, although difficult to forecast, with the potential to be heavy and—as with the fog—disruptive to the city's infrastructure. Spring and autumn are mild, but often wet and unpredictable; chilly winds from the northwest and warm gusts from the south—sometimes in the same day—tend to cause fluctuations in temperature. Overall, Istanbul has an annual average of 130 days with significant precipitation, which amounts to 810 millimeters (31.9 in) per year. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the city center on the Marmara coast are 40.5 °C (105 °F) and −16.1 °C (3 °F). The greatest rainfall recorded in a day is 227 millimeters (8.9 in), and the highest recorded snow cover is 80 centimeters (31 in).", "title": "Istanbul" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C), although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent; highs reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 27 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month. The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 °F (15 °C) to 64.5 °F (18 °C).", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another example was the Met Office who, in 1962, started publishing temperatures in both Celsius and Fahrenheit, dropping the use of Fahrenheit from their official reports in 1970.", "title": "Metrication in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. Juneau averages over 50 in (130 cm) of precipitation a year, and Ketchikan averages over 150 in (380 cm). This is also the only region in Alaska in which the average daytime high temperature is above freezing during the winter months.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the summer months, it is common for temperatures to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90 °F or above and 4.6 days at or over 100 °F (38 °C). However, humidity usually yields a higher heat index. Summer mornings average over 90 percent relative humidity. Winds are often light in the summer and offer little relief, except in the far southeastern outskirts near the Gulf coast and Galveston. To cope with the strong humidity and heat, people use air conditioning in nearly every vehicle and building. In 1980, Houston was described as the \"most air-conditioned place on earth\". Officially, the hottest temperature ever recorded in Houston is 109 °F (43 °C), which was reached both on September 4, 2000 and August 28, 2011.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bethlehem has a Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers and mild, wetter winters. Winter temperatures (mid-December to mid-March) can be cool and rainy. January is the coldest month, with temperatures ranging from 1 to 13 degree Celsius (33–55 °F). From May through September, the weather is warm and sunny. August is the hottest month, with a high of 30 degrees Celsius (86 °F). Bethlehem receives an average of 700 millimeters (28 in) of rainfall annually, 70% between November and January.Bethlehem's average annual relative humidity is 60% and reaches its highest rates between January and February. Humidity levels are at their lowest in May. Night dew may occur in up to 180 days per year. The city is influenced by the Mediterranean Sea breeze that occurs around mid-day. However, Bethlehem is affected also by annual waves of hot, dry, sandy and dust Khamaseen winds from the Arabian Desert, during April, May and mid-June.", "title": "Bethlehem" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 26 to 39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5 to 28 °C (57–82 °F).", "title": "Hyderabad" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brachychiton collinus, the outcrop kurrajong, is a small deciduous tree found growing in some of the harshest climatic conditions in Australia. This small tree is commonly found between Cloncurry and Mount Isa in North-West Queensland, Australia. The North-West savannah zone of Queensland is characterised by very high summer temperatures of up to 50 degrees Celsius and an unpredictable monsoonal rainfall that may deliver the whole annual rainfall of some 50 cm overnight. This tree most often grows on rocky outcrops where little other scrub, grasses or other understory plants can survive. It is probable that this preference for bare rocky outcrops is a function of the tree's sensitivity to fire. Most brachychiton species do not survive a strong grass or brush fire.", "title": "Brachychiton collinus" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city has an elevation of 382.2 m (1,254 feet). In a 1984 census the city's population was 17,320. Al Jawf receives almost no rain whatsoever, averaging only 2.5mm (.1 inch) per year. Summer high temperatures average above 37.8 °C (100 °F).", "title": "Al Jawf, Libya" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Each year, however, there are a few days where the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Some years have even witnessed long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, surged up to 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night. More recently, the average temperature for July 2011 was 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), with an average minimum temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) and an average maximum temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F).", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "title": "Ashgabat" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building.", "title": "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to the protection provided by the Central Mountain Range to the east and the Miaoli hills to the north, Taichung is rarely severely affected by typhoons. However, occasional typhoons emerging from the South China Sea can pose a threat to the city as evidenced by Typhoon Wayne in 1986, which struck the west coast of Taiwan near Taichung.Due to Taichung plain's strong radiative cooling effect, Taichung City is one of the few cities of Taiwan where the year round average daily low temperature falls below 20 degrees Celsius, with even most cities of northern Taiwan, such as Taipei and Keelung having an average low of over 20.5 degrees C.", "title": "Taichung" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from December to April is the dry season. Sunshine is very prominent for nearly the entire year and even during the rainy season. Humidity, however, is not very high due to the winds. The average temperature is around 25 °C with day temperatures rising to 32 °C. The average high and low temperatures in January are 28 °C and 22 °C, respectively, while in July they are 30 °C and 24 °C. The lowest night temperature recorded is 13 °C. The Caribbean sea waters in the vicinity generally maintain a temperature of about 27 °C.", "title": "Saint Barthélemy" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nashville", "id": 536767, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Jonathan Reid >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Jonathan Reid >> place of birth", "statement": "Nashville is the place of birth of Jonathan Reid." }, { "answer": "Tennessee", "id": 777020, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Nashville >> capital of", "raw_question": "#1 >> capital of", "statement": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee." }, { "answer": "32", "id": 31262, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What is Tennessee 's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer?", "raw_question": "What is #2 's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer?", "statement": "Tennessee's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer is 32." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ninth congress, which opened on March 26, began with an extraordinary session of the Congress of People's Deputies taking up discussions of emergency measures to defend the constitution, including impeachment of President Yeltsin. Yeltsin conceded that he had made mistakes and reached out to swing voters in parliament. Yeltsin narrowly survived an impeachment vote on March 28, votes for impeachment falling 72 short of the 689 votes needed for a 2/3 majority. The similar proposal to dismiss Ruslan Khasbulatov, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet was defeated by a wider margin (339 in favour of the motion), though 614 deputies had initially been in favour of including the re-election of the chairman in the agenda, a tell-tale sign of the weakness of Khasbulatov's own positions (517 votes for would have sufficed to dismiss the speaker).By the time of the ninth Congress, the legislative branch was dominated by the joint communist-nationalist Russian Unity bloc, which included representatives of the CPRF and the Fatherland faction (communists, retired military personnel, and other deputies of a socialist orientation), Agrarian Union, and the faction \"Russia\" led by Sergey Baburin. Together with more 'centrist' groups (e.g. 'Change' (Смена)), the Yeltsin supporters ('Democratic Russia', 'Radical democrats') were clearly left in the minority.", "title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC, enabled farmers to carefully plant crops in rows instead of casting seeds out by hand. The heavy moldboard iron plow, also invented during the Han dynasty, required only one man to control it, two oxen to pull it. It had three plowshares, a seed box for the drills, a tool which turned down the soil and could sow roughly 45,730 m2 (11.3 acres) of land in a single day.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment proceedings may be commenced by a member of the House of Representatives on her or his own initiative, either by presenting a list of the charges under oath or by asking for referral to the appropriate committee. The impeachment process may be initiated by non-members. For example, when the Judicial Conference of the United States suggests a federal judge be impeached, a charge of actions constituting grounds for impeachment may come from a special prosecutor, the President, or state or territorial legislature, grand jury, or by petition.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses)", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Before Emmert became president of the University of Washington, he was chancellor at Louisiana State University and held faculty and administration positions at the University of Connecticut, Montana State University, and University of Colorado.", "title": "Mark Emmert" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The WHCA's annual dinner, begun in 1921, has become a Washington, D.C. tradition and is traditionally attended by the president and vice president. Fifteen presidents have attended at least one WHCA dinner, beginning with Calvin Coolidge in 1924. The dinner is traditionally held on the evening of the last Saturday in April at the Washington Hilton.", "title": "White House Correspondents' Association" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.", "title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tan Sri Datuk Seri Dr. Chua Soi Lek (); born 2 January 1947, also known as Chua Kin Seng, is a Chinese Malaysian politician from the state of Johor. He is the 9th President of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a major component party in Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He held the post of Minister of Health from 2004 until 2008.", "title": "Chua Soi Lek" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "However, in the US after World War II, there was a huge increase in sales of prepared foods that could be purchased from restaurants, and heated or finished at home. Chinese food proved to be a popular choice, since it was tasty, unusual, fairly inexpensive and traveled well. The oyster pail was quickly adopted for ``Chinese takeout ''. The paperboard pails were to some extent self - insulating, and could be used for a wide variety of foods including cooked rice, moist dishes such as egg foo young and sauced dishes, though they were generally unsuitable for hot highly liquid dishes such as soups.", "title": "Oyster pail" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton, as he later became President of the United States; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978. Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett, Joe Purcell, Ray Thornton, Jim Guy Tucker, Mark Pryor, Steve Clark and Mike Beebe. Until Rutledge took office, Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction.", "title": "Arkansas Attorney General" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In contrast with amateur boxing, professional bouts are typically much longer and can last up to twelve rounds, though less significant fights can be as short as four rounds. Protective headgear is not permitted, and boxers are generally allowed to take substantial punishment before a fight is halted. Professional boxing has enjoyed a much higher profile than amateur boxing throughout the 20th century and beyond.", "title": "Professional boxing" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor.", "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office (by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate). The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices. The succession follows the order of vice president, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States. The Cabinet currently has fifteen members, beginning with the Secretary of State, and followed by the rest in the order of their positions' creation. Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as president are also ineligible to succeed the president by succession, for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen.", "title": "United States presidential line of succession" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carol Bellamy (born January 14, 1942) is the Chair of the Board of the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (GCERF). Previously, she was Director of the Peace Corps, Executive Director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and President and CEO of World Learning. She is also the Chair of children’s rights advocacy organization ECPAT International, working to end the sexual exploitation of children. After three terms in the New York State Senate, she was the first woman to be elected to any citywide office in NYC as President of the New York City Council, a position she held until her unsuccessful bid for Mayor of New York in 1985; she was the second to last person to hold this position.", "title": "Carol Bellamy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 15 describes the process of impeachment and lists grounds on which to impeach judges. The House of Representatives is granted the power of impeachment.", "title": "Constitution of Texas" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the \"Radical Republicans.\" Congress, however, managed to override fifteen of Johnson's twenty-nine vetoes. Furthermore, it attempted to curb the power of the presidency by passing the Tenure of Office Act. The Act required Senate approval for the dismissal of senior Cabinet officials. When Johnson deliberately violated the Act, which he felt was unconstitutional (Supreme Court decisions later vindicated such a position), the House of Representatives impeached him; he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Let's Impeach the President\" is a protest song written, produced and recorded by Neil Young. It is the seventh track on his 2006 studio album \"Living with War\".", "title": "Let's Impeach the President" } ]

[ { "answer": "the US", "id": 89787, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "where was the chinese take out box invented", "raw_question": "where was the chinese take out box invented", "statement": "The Chinese takeout box was invented in the US." }, { "answer": "Bill Clinton", "id": 49283, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "who was the last president of the the US to be impeached", "raw_question": "who was the last president of the #1 to be impeached", "statement": "Bill Clinton was the last president of the US to be impeached." }, { "answer": "Arkansas Attorney General", "id": 641245, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Bill Clinton >> position held", "raw_question": "#2 >> position held", "statement": "Bill Clinton held the position of Arkansas Attorney General." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia. This local vote in a small, remote part of the Soviet Union made headlines around the world; it was an unprecedented defiance of republic and national authorities. On February 22, 1988, in what became known as the \"Askeran clash\", two Azerbaijanis were killed by Karabakh police. These deaths, announced on state radio, led to the Sumgait Pogrom. Between February 26 and March 1, the city of Sumgait (Azerbaijan) saw violent anti-Armenian rioting during which 32 people were killed. The authorities totally lost control and occupied the city with paratroopers and tanks; nearly all of the 14,000 Armenian residents of Sumgait fled.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2007, Corum became the official bracelet manufacturer for the WSOP. Some of the 2007 World Series of Poker champions received both a watch and a bracelet from Corum. Corum designed four variations for the 2007 World Series of Poker Bracelets. The standard version that is presented to 53 winners features 53 diamonds. The Ladies World Champion receives a bracelet that is adorned with four black diamonds, two rubies and 87 blue sapphires. The $50,000 HORSE Champion Bracelet has 91 black diamonds and two rubies. The World Series of Poker Main Event Bracelet has 120 diamonds on 136 grams of 18 carat (75 percent) white gold. The value of the 2007 bracelets have not been released, but the typical price of a Corum watch ranges from $1,500 -- $30,000 +.", "title": "World Series of Poker bracelet" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of \"last to join the Confederacy\" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Catoca diamond mine is the fourth largest diamond mine in the world, and is located in Angola. The mine is owned by a consortium of international mining interests, including Endiama (the state mining company of Angola) (32.8% ownership), Alrosa of Russia (32.8%), Odebrecht of Brazil (16.4%), and the Diamond Finance CY BV Group (16.8%). The mine is located on a kimberlite pipe.", "title": "Catoca diamond mine" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Town Line is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 2,367 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is located on the boundary between the towns of Lancaster and Alden. Town Line is notable for having held a nonbinding vote to secede from the United States in 1861, and for having held a ceremonial vote to rejoin the United States in 1946.", "title": "Town Line, New York" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building.", "title": "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dangerous Diamonds is the third album of the Italian heavy metal band Mastercastle, released by Lion Music on 18 November 2011", "title": "Dangerous Diamonds" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Falkenfelsen (Falcon Rock) is a granite rock formation in the Northern Black Forest of Germany's Baden-Württemberg state. One side of the formation is a cliff about high. From the Schwarzwaldhochstrasse (Black Forest Highway), two hiking trails lead through the formation and end at the shelter Herta-hut. The platform has a view over the northern Black Forest, with the Hornisgrinde in the south, Bühlerhöhe in the northeast and the valley of the Upper Rhine on the west.", "title": "Falkenfelsen" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Badge of the MCPON Incumbent MCPON Steven S. Giordano since September 2, 2016 Formation April 28, 1967; 50 years ago (1967 - 04 - 28) First holder Delbert Black Website Official website", "title": "Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diamond Rugs is an American band project, composed of John McCauley and keyboardist Robbie Crowell of Deer Tick, Ian Saint Pé of The Black Lips, Hardy Morris of Dead Confederate, Steve Berlin of Los Lobos, and Bryan Dufresne of Six Finger Satellite. Their eponymous album, \"Diamond Rugs\", was released on April 24, 2012, and second album, \"Cosmetics\", on February 24, 2015.", "title": "Diamond Rugs" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Touch Of Someone Else's Class is the second studio album, under the Alive Records label, by the Nashville, TN rock band, Black Diamond Heavies. Dan Auerbach of The Black Keys produced this album while it was recorded at his Akron Analog Studio. Also, for the song \"Bidin’ My Time\", Black Diamond Heavies were joined by Black Keys drummer, Patrick Carney.", "title": "A Touch of Someone Else's Class" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the \"Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States\" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed to the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against, 7 abstentions. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The legality of this act is the subject of discussions because, according to the 1978 Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR, the Russian Supreme Soviet had no right to do so. However, by this time the Soviet government had been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object. Although the December 12 vote is sometimes reckoned as the moment that the RSFSR seceded from the collapsing Soviet Union, this is not the case. It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it was not possible to secede from an entity that no longer existed.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WXOK (1460 AM, \"Heaven 1460\") is a Black Gospel formatted radio station licensed to Port Allen, Louisiana (where the transmitter is located). The Cumulus Media station broadcasts with a transmitter power of 4,700 watts day and 290 watts night. Its studios are located in downtown Baton Rouge, Louisiana.", "title": "WXOK" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The M19 Tank Transporter (US supply catalog designation G159) was a heavy tank transporter system used in World War II and into the 1950s. It consisted of a 12-ton 6x4 M20 Diamond T Model 980 truck and companion 12-wheel M9 trailer.", "title": "M19 Tank Transporter" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Big Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is usually extended to refer to both the clock and the clock tower. The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower, but it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.", "title": "Big Ben" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Los Ausoles is a group of hot springs located 20 kilometers north of Ahuachapán in El Salvador. The area has been described as \"the capital of Central American geothermal.\" Many of the springs in the area produce heavy steam, and as of 1850, were described as \"semi-fluid mass of mud and water in a state of ebullition, continually throwing large heavy bubbles to the surfaces; this heated mass is in some black, in others red, or of the ochry colour.\"", "title": "Los Ausoles" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diamond Schmitt Architects is an architectural firm founded in 1975 and located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Jack Diamond and Donald Schmitt are the founding principals of the firm.", "title": "Diamond Schmitt Architects" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "VA-216, nicknamed the \"Black Diamonds\", was an Attack Squadron of the US Navy. It was established on 30 March 1955, and disestablished 15 years later on 1 August 1970.", "title": "VA-216 (U.S. Navy)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WCBY (1240 AM and W264CF 100.7 FM) is a radio station in Cheboygan, Michigan, broadcasting a classic country format delivered by Westwood One \"Big Country Gold\" is the slogan, which plays off sister country FM WMKC 102.9 known as \"Big Country - 102-9\". WCBY is owned by Black Diamond Broadcast Holdings, LLC.", "title": "WCBY" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hartell is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Foothills No. 31. It is located at the intersection of Highway 22 and Highway 543, approximately south of Black Diamond, 8 km north of Longview, and 27 km west of High River.", "title": "Hartell, Alberta" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nashville", "id": 327415, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Black Diamond Heavies >> location of formation", "raw_question": "Black Diamond Heavies >> location of formation", "statement": "Nashville is the location of formation of the Black Diamond Heavies." }, { "answer": "Tennessee", "id": 777020, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Nashville >> capital of", "raw_question": "#1 >> capital of", "statement": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee." }, { "answer": "June 8, 1861", "id": 24607, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "When did Tennessee officially vote to secede?", "raw_question": "When did #2 officially vote to secede?", "statement": "Tennessee officially voted to secede on June 8, 1861." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hjørring County () is a former province in Denmark, located on the northern tip of Jutland and encompassing most of the island of Vendsyssel-Thy and the island of Læsø. Hjørring County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Aalborg County forming the new North Jutland County.", "title": "Hjørring County" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The PP-2000 (Russian: ПП-2000) is a submachine gun/machine pistol made by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau. It was first publicly displayed at the Interpolytech-2004 exhibition in Moscow even though its patent was filed in 2001 and issued in 2003.", "title": "PP-2000" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bell's patent 174,465, was issued to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office. Bell's patent covered \"the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically ... by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sound\" [N 16] Bell returned to Boston the same day and the next day resumed work, drawing in his notebook a diagram similar to that in Gray's patent caveat.", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, military personnel also conducted a patrol, during which they raised a Canadian flag on Hans Island – a small, barren island in the Nares Strait, between northern Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Denmark currently disputes Canada's claim to this territory.", "title": "Operation Hurricane (Canada)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Having some money saved and, still wanting to be an inventor as opposed to a ``medicine man '', Colt made arrangements to begin building guns using proper gunsmiths from Baltimore, Maryland. He abandoned the idea of a multiple barreled revolver and opted for a single fixed barrel design with a rotating cylinder. The action of the hammer would align the cylinder bores with the single barrel. He sought the counsel of a friend of his father, Henry Leavitt Ellsworth, who loaned him $300 and advised him to perfect his prototype before applying for a patent. Colt hired a gunsmith by the name of John Pearson to build his revolver. Over the next few years Colt and Pearson fought over money, but the design improved and in 1835 Colt was ready to apply for his U.S. patent. Ellsworth was now the superintendent of the U.S. Patent Office and advised Colt to file for foreign patents first as a prior U.S. patent would keep Colt from filing a patent in Great Britain. In August 1835, Colt left for England and France to secure his foreign patent.", "title": "Samuel Colt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luggage carriers -- light - weight wheeled carts or harnesses on which luggage could be temporarily place or that can be temporarily attached to luggage -- date at least to the 1930s, such as in US patent 2,132,316 ``Luggage carrier ''by Anne W. Newton (filed 1937, published 1938). These were refined over the following decades, as reflected in patents such as US patent 2,650,105 A`` Luggage carriage'' (filed 1949, published 1953) and US patent 2,670,969 ``Luggage carriage harness, both by Kent R. Costikyan. However, the wheels were external to the suitcases. Patents were published for wheeled luggage -- a wheeled trunk in 1887, and a wheeled suitcase in 1945 -- but these were not successfully commercialized.", "title": "Baggage" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Svendborg County () is a former province in Denmark, located on the southern half of the island of Funen in central Denmark. Svendborg County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Odense County forming the new Funen County.", "title": "Svendborg County" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forward Harbour was a cannery town in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the inlet of the same name, which is on the mainland side of Wellbore Channel, to the east of Hardwicke Island. Nearby on the same vicinity on the Mainland, though fronting on other bodies of water, are Jackson Bay to the immediate north, off Sunderland Channel, and Heydon Bay, British Columbia to the east on Loughborough Inlet.", "title": "Forward Harbour" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Google fight ''or`` Google war'' is the name given to a number of advertisements on the Internet search engine Google which promoted either Danish or Canadian sovereignty over Hans Island.", "title": "Hans Island" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A reissue application which attempts to get broader coverage than the originally issued patent must be filed within two years from the grant date of the said originally issued patent.", "title": "Continuing patent application" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. Patents filed for anything disclosed in ISO CD 11172 a year or more after its publication are questionable. If only the known MP3 patents filed by December 1992 are considered, then MP3 decoding has been patent-free in the US since 22 September 2015 when U.S. Patent 5,812,672 expired which had a PCT filing in October 1992. If the longest-running patent mentioned in the aforementioned references is taken as a measure, then the MP3 technology will be patent-free in the United States on 30 December 2017 when U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires.", "title": "MP3" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Butterfly Pond, also known as Aldrich Brook, is a body of water in the town of Lincoln, in Providence County, Rhode Island.", "title": "Butterfly Pond" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A patent does not give a right to make or use or sell an invention. Rather, a patent provides, from a legal standpoint, the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the patented invention for the term of the patent, which is usually 20 years from the filing date subject to the payment of maintenance fees. From an economic and practical standpoint however, a patent is better and perhaps more precisely regarded as conferring upon its proprietor ``a right to try to exclude by asserting the patent in court '', for many granted patents turn out to be invalid once their proprietors attempt to assert them in court. A patent is a limited property right the government gives inventors in exchange for their agreement to share details of their inventions with the public. Like any other property right, it may be sold, licensed, mortgaged, assigned or transferred, given away, or simply abandoned.", "title": "Patent" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1881 a farmer in Cambria, Wisconsin, Peter Houston, invented the first roll film camera. His younger brother David, filed the patents for various components of Peter's camera. David Henderson Houston (b. June 14, 1841; d. May 6, 1906), originally from Cambria, Wisconsin, patented the first holders for flexible roll film. Houston moved to Hunter in Dakota Territory in 1880. He was issued an 1881 patent for a roll film holder which he licensed to George Eastman (it was used in Eastman's Kodak 1888 box camera). Houston sold the patent (and an 1886 revision) outright to Eastman for $5000 in 1889. Houston continued developing the camera, creating 21 patents for cameras or camera parts between 1881 and 1902. In 1912 his estate transferred the remainder of his patents to Eastman.", "title": "Roll film" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Georg Lankensperger (also: Lankensberger), (31 March 1779 – 11 July 1847) was a German wheelwright who invented the steering mechanism that is today known as Ackermann steering geometry. He patented the invention in Germany, but his agent Rudolph Ackermann filed for the patent in the U.K.", "title": "Georg Lankensperger" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode. Lilienfeld also filed identical patents in the United States in 1926 and 1928. However, Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype. Because the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away, Lilienfeld's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s, even if such a device had been built. In 1934, German inventor Oskar Heil patented a similar device.", "title": "Transistor" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 1970, Larry D. Nichols invented a 2×2×2 \"Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in Groups\" and filed a Canadian patent application for it. Nichols's cube was held together by magnets. Nichols was granted U.S. Patent 3,655,201 on 11 April 1972, two years before Rubik invented his Cube.", "title": "Rubik's Cube" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Probably the first lever - action rifles on the market were Colt's 1st and 2nd Model Ring Lever rifles, both cap and ball rifles, produced by the Patent Arms Mfg. Co. Paterson, N.J. - Colt's Patent between 1837 and 1841. The ring - lever was located in front of the trigger. This loading - lever, when pulled, would index the cylinder to the next position and cock the internal hidden hammer.", "title": "Lever action" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire 20 years after the initial filing date, which can be up to 12 months later for filings in other countries. As a result, patents required to implement MP3 expired in most countries by December 2012, 21 years after the publication of ISO CD 11172.", "title": "MP3" } ]

[ { "answer": "Canada", "id": 33102, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Where did Lilienfeld file his patent?", "raw_question": "Where did Lilienfeld file his patent?", "statement": "Lilienfeld filed his patent in Canada." }, { "answer": "Hans Island", "id": 42691, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "the island that Canada and denmark fight over", "raw_question": "the island that #1 and denmark fight over", "statement": "Hans Island is the island that Canada and Denmark are fighting over." }, { "answer": "Nares Strait", "id": 217606, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Hans Island >> located in or next to body of water", "raw_question": "#2 >> located in or next to body of water", "statement": "Hans Island is located in or next to the Nares Strait." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three.", "title": "American Idol (season 8)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The invention of the cotton gin caused massive growth in the production of cotton in the United States, concentrated mostly in the South. Cotton production expanded from 750,000 bales in 1830 to 2.85 million bales in 1850. As a result, the region became even more dependent on plantations and slavery, with plantation agriculture becoming the largest sector of its economy. While it took a single slave about ten hours to separate a single pound of fiber from the seeds, a team of two or three slaves using a cotton gin could produce around fifty pounds of cotton in just one day. The number of slaves rose in concert with the increase in cotton production, increasing from around 700,000 in 1790 to around 3.2 million in 1850. By 1860, black slave labor from the American South was providing two - thirds of the world's supply of cotton, and up to 80% of the crucial British market. The cotton gin thus ``transformed cotton as a crop and the American South into the globe's first agricultural powerhouse ''.", "title": "Cotton gin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2016 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the total population of Vietnamese American was 2,067,527 (92.9% reporting one race, 6.5% reporting two races, 0.5% reporting three races, and 0.1% reporting four or more races). California and Texas had the highest concentrations of Vietnamese Americans: 40 and 12 percent, respectively. Other states with concentrations of Vietnamese Americans were Washington, Florida (four percent each) and Virginia (three percent). The largest number of Vietnamese outside Vietnam is in Orange County, California (184,153, or 6.1 percent of the county's population), followed by Los Angeles and Santa Clara counties; the three counties accounted for 26 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population in the United States. Many Vietnamese American businesses exist in the Little Saigon of Westminster and Garden Grove, where Vietnamese Americans make up 40.2 and 27.7 percent of the population respectively. About 41 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population lives in five major metropolitan areas: in descending order, Los Angeles, San Jose, Houston, San Francisco and Dallas - Fort Worth. The Vietnamese immigration pattern has shifted to other states, including Denver, Boston, Chicago, Oklahoma (Oklahoma City and Tulsa in particular) and Oregon (Portland in particular).", "title": "Vietnamese Americans" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 25, 2011, after 122.4 million votes were cast for the finale (and nearly 750 million votes for the seasonal total), Scotty McCreery was crowned the winner of the tenth season of American Idol, making him the youngest male winner at 17 years and seven months old, and the second youngest winner ever behind season 6 winner Jordin Sparks. Season 10 was the first season where 11 contestants went on tour instead of 10. Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels. The signed artists are Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina, Haley Reinhart, James Durbin, Casey Abrams, Stefano Langone, Pia Toscano and Naima Adedapo.", "title": "American Idol (season 10)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. Kris Allen is the only married winner of the competition at the time of his victory. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three.", "title": "American Idol (season 8)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first season of American Idol premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. That first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended.", "title": "American Idol (season 1)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, \"People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for Fox Broadcasting Company. American Idol and fellow competing shows Survivor and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and Idol became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades).", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the \"true art form of music\", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem \"so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight\", and that \"television is a lie\". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol \"isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' \" That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that \"Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award\". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that \"there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs\".", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two years later, the Royal African Company was inaugurated, receiving from King Charles a monopoly of the trade to supply slaves to the British colonies of the Caribbean. From the outset, slavery was the basis of the British Empire in the West Indies. Until the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, Britain was responsible for the transportation of 3.5 million African slaves to the Americas, a third of all slaves transported across the Atlantic. To facilitate this trade, forts were established on the coast of West Africa, such as James Island, Accra and Bunce Island. In the British Caribbean, the percentage of the population of African descent rose from 25 percent in 1650 to around 80 percent in 1780, and in the 13 Colonies from 10 percent to 40 percent over the same period (the majority in the southern colonies). For the slave traders, the trade was extremely profitable, and became a major economic mainstay for such western British cities as Bristol and Liverpool, which formed the third corner of the so-called triangular trade with Africa and the Americas. For the transported, harsh and unhygienic conditions on the slaving ships and poor diets meant that the average mortality rate during the Middle Passage was one in seven.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While slaveholding was slightly less concentrated than in some Southern states, according to the 1860 census, more than 330,000 people, or 33% of the population of 992,622, were enslaved African Americans. They lived and worked chiefly on plantations in the eastern Tidewater. In addition, 30,463 free people of color lived in the state. They were also concentrated in the eastern coastal plain, especially at port cities such as Wilmington and New Bern, where a variety of jobs were available. Free African Americans were allowed to vote until 1835, when the state revoked their suffrage in restrictions following the slave rebellion of 1831 led by Nat Turner. Southern slave codes criminalized willful killing of a slave in most cases.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Despite being eliminated earlier in the season, Chris Daughtry (as lead of the band Daughtry) became the most successful recording artist from this season. Other contestants, such as Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, and Elliott Yamin have had varying levels of success.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 percent from Some Other Race, and 2.5 percent from two or more races. The largest European ancestry groups in Montana as of 2010 are: German (27.0 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (12.6 percent), Norwegian (10.9 percent), French (4.7 percent) and Italian (3.4 percent).", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten.", "title": "American Idol" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chris Daughtry", "id": 3157, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "raw_question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "statement": "Note: Chris Daughtry is a musician, not an artist." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 3356, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What state is American Idol contestant Chris Daughtry from?", "raw_question": "What state is American Idol contestant #1 from?", "statement": "In 1860, 31% of the population of North Carolina were slaves." }, { "answer": "33", "id": 24600, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "In 1860, what percent of the North Carolina population were slaves?", "raw_question": "In 1860, what percent of the #2 population were slaves?", "statement": "In 1860, 33% of the North Carolina population were slaves." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Missouri's 8th Congressional District is one of 435 congressional districts in the United States and one of eight congressional districts in the state of Missouri. The district encompasses rural Southeast Missouri and South Central Missouri as well as some counties in Southwest Missouri. The district stretches from the Bootheel in the south to the St. Louis southern exurbs of Festus, Hillsboro, and surrounding areas in the Lead Belt; it ranges in the east to counties along the Mississippi River and in the west to counties along the Ozark Plateau near Branson.", "title": "Missouri's 8th congressional district" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Erzgebirgskreis is a district (\"Kreis\") in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the Erzgebirge (\"Ore Mountains\"), a mountain range in the southern part of the district which forms part of the Germany–Czech Republic border. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Vogtlandkreis and Zwickau, the urban district Chemnitz, the district Mittelsachsen and the Czech Republic.", "title": "Erzgebirgskreis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Central Bikol, commonly called Bikol Naga, also known simply as Bicolano, is the most-spoken language in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines. It is spoken in the northern and western part of Camarines Sur, second congressional district of Camarines Norte, eastern part of Albay, northeastern part of Sorsogon, San Pascual town in Masbate, and southwestern part of Catanduanes. Central Bikol speakers can be found in all provinces of Bicol and it is a majority language in Camarines Sur. The standard \"sprachraum\" form is based on the Canaman dialect.", "title": "Central Bikol" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In general, Tucson and Pima County support the Democratic Party, as opposed the state's largest metropolitan area, Phoenix, which usually supports the Republican Party. Congressional redistricting in 2013, following the publication of the 2010 Census, divided the Tucson area into three Federal Congressional districts (the first, second and third of Arizona). The city center is in the 3rd District, represented by Raul Grijalva, a Democrat, since 2003, while the more affluent residential areas to the south and east are in the 2nd District, represented by Republican Martha McSally since 2015, and the exurbs north and west between Tucson and Phoenix in the 3rd District are represented by Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick since 2008. The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Tucson. The Tucson Main Post Office is located at 1501 South Cherrybell Stravenue.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auraiya district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Auraiya town is the district headquarters. It lies on the south-western portion of Uttar Pradesh and also forms a part of the Kanpur Division.", "title": "Auraiya district" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bathurst Manor is a neighbourhood located in the North York district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It sits on a plateau bounded on the north by Finch Avenue West, on the west by Dufferin Street, on the east by the Don River (west branch), and on the south by Sheppard Avenue West. The area is also regarded as part of the Downsview postal area as designated by Canada Post. It is part of the former City of North York, which merged with five other municipalities and a regional government to form the new \"City of Toronto\" in 1998. It is part of federal and provincial electoral district York Centre, and Toronto electoral ward 10: York Centre (East). In 2006, it had a population of 14,615.", "title": "Bathurst Manor" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There were 12 United States congressional districts in New Jersey based on results from the 2010 Census. There were once as many as 15. The fifteenth district was lost after the 1980 Census, the fourteenth district was lost after the 1990 Census, and the thirteenth district was lost after the 2010 Census.", "title": "New Jersey's congressional districts" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kansas's 4th Congressional District is a Congressional District in the U.S. state of Kansas. Based in the south central part of the state, the district encompasses the city of Wichita and surrounding areas.", "title": "Kansas's 4th congressional district" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kaul is a panchayat village in the Pundri sub-tehsil of Kaithal district of Haryana, India. Earlier it formed part of the Kurukshetra and Karnal districts. Kaul is 38 km by road northwest of the city of Karnal, 32 km by road southwest of the town of Kurukshetra and 5 km by road southeast of the village of Dhand, where the nearest railway station is located.", "title": "Kaul, Kaithal" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bemis is a former company town in Madison County, Tennessee, United States, now part of the city of Jackson. The Bemis Brothers Bag Company established the town in 1900 to be the site of a cotton mill and housing for the mill workers. A area of Bemis was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as the Bemis Historic District. Much of the area is also a local historic district.", "title": "Bemis, Tennessee" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Brother\" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard, \"Brother\" was an outtake from the band's debut album, \"Ten\". The song was included as an instrumental version on the 2003 B-sides and rarities album, \"Lost Dogs\". The version of \"Brother\" with vocals appears on the 2009 \"Ten\" reissue. The version of the song with vocals was released to radio in 2009, however a commercial single was not released. The song topped the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart, where it spent a total of two weeks at number one.", "title": "Brother (Pearl Jam song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parakarungu is a village in North-West District of Botswana. It is located in the eastern part of the district, which before 2001 formed Chobe District. It has a primary school, and the population was 806 in 2001 census.", "title": "Parakarungu" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Texas District 16 of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves El Paso and the surrounding area in the state of Texas. The current Representative from District 16 is Beto O'Rourke.", "title": "Texas's 16th congressional district" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kansas is currently divided into 4 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. The number of districts in Kansas remained unchanged after the 2010 Census.", "title": "Kansas's congressional districts" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dave Crooks is a former member of the Indiana House of Representatives, where he represented the 63rd District from 1996 to 2008. He is currently seeking the Democratic nomination for US Congress in Indiana's 8th Congressional District.", "title": "Dave Crooks" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Missouri's 5th Congressional District has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by Democrat Emanuel Cleaver, the former Mayor of Kansas City, since 2005.", "title": "Missouri's 5th congressional district" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samuel Axley Smith was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd congressional district of Tennessee.", "title": "Samuel Axley Smith" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Malone Bugg was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 7th congressional district.", "title": "Robert Malone Bugg" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle, Washington. The band's current lineup comprises founding members Eddie Vedder (lead vocals), Mike McCready (lead guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar) and Jeff Ament (bass), and longtime drummer Matt Cameron. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002. Drummers Jack Irons, Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band.", "title": "Pearl Jam" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pearl Jam", "id": 520721, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Brother >> performer", "raw_question": "Brother >> performer", "statement": "Pearl Jam is the performer Brother." }, { "answer": "Seattle", "id": 132413, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What city was Pearl Jam formed in?", "raw_question": "What city was #1 formed in?", "statement": "Pearl Jam was formed in Seattle." }, { "answer": "7th congressional district", "id": 16098, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Of what Congressional district is Seattle a part?", "raw_question": "Of what Congressional district is #2 a part?", "statement": "Seattle is part of the 7th congressional district." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in 1988. The Rams' first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the New Orleans Saints on September 10, 1995, before the Trans World Dome (later the Edward Jones Dome, and now known as The Dome at America's Center) was completed for their November 12 game against the Carolina Panthers. Their last game played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17, 2015, which they won, 31 -- 23. The Rams' last game as a St. Louis - based club was on January 3, 2016, against the San Francisco 49ers at Levi's Stadium, where they lost in overtime 19 -- 16.", "title": "History of the St. Louis Rams" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hopewell is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bradley County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 1,874 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Cleveland, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Hopewell, Bradley County, Tennessee" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Berkeley County, West Virginia, Westenhaver received a Bachelor of Laws from Georgetown Law in 1886. He was in private practice in Martinsburg, West Virginia from 1886 to 1903, serving as a prosecuting attorney of Berkeley County from 1886 to 1887, and as a member of the Martinsburg City Council from 1902 to 1903. He then moved his practice to Cleveland, Ohio from 1903 to 1917, and was a member of the Board of Education of Cleveland from 1912 to 1915.", "title": "David C. Westenhaver" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the liner notes, the album is dedicated to the memory of fellow Los Angeles-based musician Elliott Smith and to Bomp! Records founder Greg Shaw.", "title": "Surgery (album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Title Role Notes Flipped Garrett Einbinder 2011 The Chaperone Josh 2013 The Bling Ring Marc Hall 2014 Earth to Echo Cameron 2015 H8RZ Jack Stanton 2015 Jack of the Red Hearts Robert Adams 2016 Good Kids Mike ``Spice ''Jennings 2017 Happy Death Day Carter Davis 2017 Say You Will Bobby Nimitz 2018 Extinction Miles 2018 To All the Boys I've Loved Before Josh Sanderson 2019 Happy Death Day 2U Carter Davis Post-production", "title": "Israel Broussard" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cleveland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,990 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Punta Gorda Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Cleveland, Florida" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Made in Cleveland (formerly titled \"Cleveland, I Love You\") is a 2013 anthology film consisting of 11 short films featuring the work of seven different directors and five screenwriters. The short films all relate in some way to the subject of life, love, and the pursuit of happiness in Cleveland, Ohio. The film was written, directed, produced largely by people with connections to Cleveland, and it stars a cast and crew consisting predominantly of current or former Clevelanders, including Shaker Heights native Jamie Babbit and Cleveland natives Eric Swinderman and Robert C. Banks, Jr. The film stars an ensemble cast, among them Busy Philipps, Gillian Jacobs, George Roth, Jeffrey Grover, Robin Swoboda, Leon Bibb, Brendan Potter, Derek Koger, Linda Ryan, Robbie Barnes, Charlie Martini, and others. \"Made in Cleveland\" premiered June 13, 2013 at the historic Atlas Cinemas Lakeshore 7 theater in Euclid, Ohio. It opened June 21 in five Atlas Cinemas theaters in Ohio, and was well reviewed in the local press. \"Made in Cleveland\" will be released by its distributor, Striped Entertainment, in additional select cities in the United States in Summer 2013.", "title": "Made in Cleveland" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Happys Inn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. The population was 164 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Happys Inn, Montana" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Browns relocation controversy, sometimes referred to by fans as ``The Move '', was the decision by then - Browns owner Art Modell to relocate the National Football League (NFL)'s Cleveland Browns from its long - time home of Cleveland to Baltimore during the 1995 NFL season. Subsequent legal actions by the city of Cleveland and Browns season ticket holders led the NFL to broker a compromise that saw the Browns history, records, and intellectual property remain in Cleveland. In return, Modell was permitted to move his football organization to Baltimore where he established the Baltimore Ravens. The Ravens are officially regarded by the NFL as an expansion team that began play in 1996. The city of Cleveland agreed to demolish Cleveland Stadium and build a new stadium on the same site, and the NFL agreed to reactivate the Browns by the 1999 season through either an expansion draft or a relocated franchise. The Browns were officially reactivated in 1998 through the expansion process and resumed play in 1999.", "title": "Cleveland Browns relocation controversy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sudhakar Ram was born on 8 September 1960 in Chennai. His early childhood and schooling was in Delhi and Kolkata. When he was eight, his family moved to Chennai. Sudhakar Ram graduated in Commerce from Loyola College, Chennai and completed his MBA from IIM Calcutta. He was the silver medalist at IIM-C. At IIM-C, he developed a keen interest in computers.", "title": "Sudhakar Ram" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons before relocating back to Los Angeles where the team played from the 1946 season to the 1994 season. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona in 1988. The Rams' first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the New Orleans Saints on September 10, 1995, before the Trans World Dome (later the Edward Jones Dome, and now known as The Dome at America's Center) was completed for their November 12 game against the Carolina Panthers. Their last game played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17, 2015, which they won, 31 -- 23. The Rams' last game as a St. Louis - based club was on January 3, 2016, against the San Francisco 49ers at Levi's Stadium, where they lost in overtime 19 -- 16.", "title": "History of the St. Louis Rams" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908. The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From novice through senior - level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves.", "title": "Figure skating" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed ``Producers' Auditions '', they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held. Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the`` Judges' Auditions'', which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team that play in the National Football League (NFL). The Rams franchise was founded in 1936 as the Cleveland Rams in the short - lived second American Football League before joining the NFL the next year. In 1946, the franchise moved to Los Angeles. The Rams franchise remained in the metro area until 1994, when they moved to St. Louis, and were known as the St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 2015. The Rams franchise returned to Los Angeles in 2016. This article chronicles the franchise's history during their time in Los Angeles, from playing at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum between 1946 and 1979, to playing at Anaheim Stadium (now known as Angel Stadium of Anaheim) in Anaheim from 1980 to 1994, and its return to Southern California beginning with the 2016 season.", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Happiness\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. It was released on February 8, 2000 by record label DreamWorks as the first single from his fifth studio album, \"Figure 8\". It was also released on 7-inch vinyl by Cavity Search.", "title": "Happiness (Elliott Smith song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons before relocating back to Los Angeles where the team played from the 1946 season to the 1994 season. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in 1988. The Rams' first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the New Orleans Saints on September 10, 1995, before the Trans World Dome (later the Edward Jones Dome, and now known as The Dome at America's Center) was completed for their November 12 game against the Carolina Panthers. Their last game played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17, 2015, which they won, 31 -- 23. The Rams' last game as a St. Louis - based club was on January 3, 2016, against the San Francisco 49ers at Levi's Stadium, where they lost in overtime 19 -- 16.", "title": "History of the St. Louis Rams" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ryan Tucker (born June 12, 1975) is a retired offensive tackle who played for the St. Louis Rams and Cleveland Browns in the National Football League. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the fourth round of the 1997 NFL Draft. He played college football at Texas Christian.", "title": "Ryan Tucker" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 season saw the Rams attempting to improve upon their 7 -- 9 record from 2015. After a stunning 3 -- 1 start, the Rams would massively struggle in the second half, going 1 -- 11 in their final 12 games, en route to a 4 -- 12 record. The Rams also went 1 -- 7 at home in 2016, their worst home record since going 0 -- 8 at home in their 1 -- 15 2009 season. The Rams also missed the playoffs for the 12th straight season, the 3rd longest current streak in the NFL. Only the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns have longer such streaks. They also clinched their 13th straight losing season, which is the longest current streak in the NFL. The Rams were also the only team to lose to the 49ers in 2016, as both wins for the 49ers were against the Rams.", "title": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Happy\" is a song performed by British singer Leona Lewis for her second studio album \"Echo\" (2009). It was written by Lewis, Ryan Tedder, Evan Bogart, and produced by Tedder, and it was premiered in the United Kingdom radio on 6 September 2009, and officially released on 15 September 2009, by digital download in the United States, serving as the album's lead single. Lyrically, it talks about a protagonist, that wants to be happy and seize the day.", "title": "Happy (Leona Lewis song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Pops Orchestra is a non-profit professional American pops orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio. As is typical of pops orchestras, the ensemble performs popular music (generally traditional pop), cinematic music, jazz, and show tunes as well as well-known classical works. The orchestra was founded in 1995 and performs most of its concerts at Severance Hall. The orchestra enjoys a friendly relationship with the Cleveland Orchestra and has appeared in concert at the Cleveland Orchestra's Blossom Festival. The orchestra is led by conductor Carl Topilow.", "title": "Cleveland Pops Orchestra" } ]

[ { "answer": "Elliott Smith", "id": 168940, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Happiness >> performer", "raw_question": "Happiness >> performer", "statement": "Elliott Smith was the performer of Happiness." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 434582, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Elliott Smith >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Elliott Smith died in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "1946", "id": 74310, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "when did the cleveland rams move to Los Angeles", "raw_question": "when did the cleveland rams move to #2", "statement": "The Cleveland Rams moved to Los Angeles in 1946." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Swiss Armed Forces, including the Land Forces and the Air Force, are composed mostly of conscripts, male citizens aged from 20 to 34 (in special cases up to 50) years. Being a landlocked country, Switzerland has no navy; however, on lakes bordering neighbouring countries, armed military patrol boats are used. Swiss citizens are prohibited from serving in foreign armies, except for the Swiss Guards of the Vatican, or if they are dual citizens of a foreign country and reside there.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Márquez has also performed more than 34 concerts with several symphony orchestras in Venezuela, a privilege granted to few popular artists in her country. She performs an average of 70 shows each year.", "title": "Floria Márquez" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women, in particular, were strong passive citizens who played a significant role in the Revolution. Olympe de Gouges penned her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in 1791 and drew attention to the need for gender equality. By supporting the ideals of the French Revolution and wishing to expand them to women, she represented herself as a revolutionary citizen. Madame Roland also established herself as an influential figure throughout the Revolution. She saw women of the French Revolution as holding three roles; ``inciting revolutionary action, formulating policy, and informing others of revolutionary events. ''By working with men, as opposed to working separate from men, she may have been able to further the fight of revolutionary women. As players in the French Revolution, women occupied a significant role in the civic sphere by forming social movements and participating in popular clubs, allowing them societal influence, despite their lack of direct political influence.", "title": "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Casa de las Américas is an organization that was founded by the Cuban Government in April 1959, four months after the Cuban Revolution, for the purpose of developing and extending the socio-cultural relations with the countries of Latin America, the Caribbean and the rest of the world. Originally a publishing house and information center, it has developed into the best-known and most prestigious cultural institution in Cuba.", "title": "Casa de las Américas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a \"Popular Revolution\" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of \"poisonous\" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France.", "title": "Muammar Gaddafi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Revolution's Orphans is a 1979 Canadian short film. Directed by John N. Smith, \"Revolution's Orphans\" is about a man who flees Hungary, with his daughter Clara, for Canada as the 1956 Hungarian Revolution happens. They feel regret for abandoning their homeland, until Clara's uncle Janos arrives.", "title": "Revolution's Orphans" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2014 a new play, \"The Beautiful Cosmos of Ivor Cutler\", a co-production by Vanishing Point and National Theatre of Scotland, was performed.", "title": "Ivor Cutler" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada is a non-fiction book by Canadian author Neil Bissoondath, first published in 1994. The book puts forward an assessment of Canada's Multiculturalism Act (1988) and how the bi-cultural nature of the country is to be willfully refashioned into a multicultural \"mosaic\". Bissoondath argues that the policy of multiculturalism, with its emphasis on the former or ancestral homeland and its insistence that There is more important than Here, discourages the full loyalty of Canada's citizens.", "title": "Selling Illusions" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Privilege is an album by Ivor Cutler, originally released in 1983 on Rough Trade Records. It was produced by David Toop and Steve Beresford, both of whom are better known for their work in improvisational music and, unlike Cutler's 1970s recordings, it sees Cutler's vocals accompanied by a wide range of musical instruments including keyboards, banjo, euphonium and alto flute. The LP is co-credited to Linda Hirst, who recites a number of poems and provides vocals on some of the tracks. The closing track, \"Women of the World\", was released as a single and became a minor hit on the UK Indie Chart. It has since been covered by Jim O'Rourke, on his 1999 album \"Eureka\", and YACHT, on their 2007 album \"I Believe In You. Your Magic Is Real.\"", "title": "Privilege (Ivor Cutler album)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for British citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Kingdom. As of 10 July 2018, British citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 186 countries and territories, ranking the British passport 4th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Austrian, Dutch, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, Portuguese and the United States passports) according to the Henley Passport Index. Additionally, the World Tourism Organization also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the British passport 1st in the world (tied with Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Singapore) in terms of travel freedom, with a mobility index of 160 (out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1, visa on arrival weighted by 0.7, eVisa by 0.5, and traditional visa weighted by 0).", "title": "Visa requirements for British citizens" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Everybody Knows\" is a song recorded by Canadian country music group Prairie Oyster. It was released in 1992 as the fourth single from their third studio album, \"Everybody Knows\". It peaked at number 8 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in October 1992.", "title": "Everybody Knows (Prairie Oyster song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was founded in May 1924, and was suspended during the Cultural Revolution, until it was restored in October 1977. It is an important organ in China's propaganda system, and its inner operations are highly secretive.", "title": "Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Through his actions and speeches, and because he was able to symbolize the popular Arab will, Nasser inspired several nationalist revolutions in the Arab world. He defined the politics of his generation and communicated directly with the public masses of the Arab world, bypassing the various heads of states of those countries—an accomplishment not repeated by other Arab leaders. The extent of Nasser's centrality in the region made it a priority for incoming Arab nationalist heads of state to seek good relations with Egypt, in order to gain popular legitimacy from their own citizens.", "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roman is a male first name. It has distant origins dating back to the Roman Empire and the Latin language. It comes from the Latin word ``romanus '', which means`` of Rome''. In this initial sense, the title ``Roman ''means`` a citizen of the Roman Empire'', a man of Roman (or Byzantine) culture, Latin or Greek. The name day festival for Roman may take place on different days depending on the country.", "title": "Roman (given name)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India. As of 1 January 2017, Indian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Indian passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Guinea - Bissauan and Turkmen passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, require a visa or work permit except for Nepal and Bhutan. Indian citizens who are not natives of the following states also require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) if they are travelling to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, or Mizoram. ILPs can be obtained online or at the airports of these states on arrival.", "title": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2012, Benghazi, Libya is named one of the most dangerous places in the world, and countries have pulled their diplomatic offices out of the country in fear of an attack by militants. The United States, however, still has a diplomatic compound (not an official consulate) open in the city. Less than a mile away is a CIA outpost called \"The Annex\", which is protected by a team of private military contractors from Global Response Staff (GRS). New to the detail is Jack Silva, who arrives in Benghazi and is picked up by Tyrone \"Rone\" Woods, commander of the GRS team and a personal friend of Silva. Arriving at the Annex, Silva is introduced to the rest of the GRS team and the CIA Chief of Station, who constantly gives the team strict reminders to never engage the citizens.", "title": "13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Normans came into Scotland, building castles and founding noble families who would provide some future kings, such as Robert the Bruce, as well as founding a considerable number of the Scottish clans. King David I of Scotland, whose elder brother Alexander I had married Sybilla of Normandy, was instrumental in introducing Normans and Norman culture to Scotland, part of the process some scholars call the \"Davidian Revolution\". Having spent time at the court of Henry I of England (married to David's sister Maud of Scotland), and needing them to wrestle the kingdom from his half-brother Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair, David had to reward many with lands. The process was continued under David's successors, most intensely of all under William the Lion. The Norman-derived feudal system was applied in varying degrees to most of Scotland. Scottish families of the names Bruce, Gray, Ramsay, Fraser, Ogilvie, Montgomery, Sinclair, Pollock, Burnard, Douglas and Gordon to name but a few, and including the later royal House of Stewart, can all be traced back to Norman ancestry.", "title": "Normans" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "House concurrent resolution 108 (HCR-108), passed August 1, 1953, declared it to be the sense of Congress that it should be policy of the United States to abolish federal supervision over American Indian tribes as soon as possible and to subject the Indians to the same laws, privileges, and responsibilities as other U.S. citizens. This includes an end to reservations and tribal sovereignty, integrating Native Americans into mainstream American society.", "title": "House concurrent resolution 108" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ivor Cutler", "id": 858308, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Privilege >> performer", "raw_question": "Privilege >> performer", "statement": "Ivor Cutler is a citizen of the culture whose arrival in the country is known as the \"Davidian Revolution\"." }, { "answer": "Scotland", "id": 102146, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Of which country is Ivor Cutler a citizen?", "raw_question": "Of which country is #1 a citizen?", "statement": "Ivor Cutler, the performer of Privilege, is a citizen of Scotland." }, { "answer": "Norman", "id": 40159, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What culture's arrival in Scotland is know as the \"Davidian Revolution\"?", "raw_question": "What culture's arrival in #2 is know as the \"Davidian Revolution\"?", "statement": "The Norman arrival in Scotland is known as the \"Davidian Revolution\"." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gonnus Mons is a large mountain on the planet Mars. The name \"Gonnus Mons\" is a classical albedo name. It has a diameter of and a peak of . This was approved by International Astronomical Union in 1991.", "title": "Gonnus Mons" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lacus Oblivionis (Latin for \"Lake of Forgetfulness\") is a small lunar mare on the surface of the Moon. It is located at 21.0° S, 168.0° W and is 50 km in diameter. The name was adopted by the IAU in 1976.", "title": "Lacus Oblivionis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Huguenot numbers peaked near an estimated two million by 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew, in spite of increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration from the French crown. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2018 NBA draft General information Date (s) June 21, 2018 Time 7: 00 pm (EDT) Location Barclays Center, Brooklyn, New York Network (s) (US) ESPN, Yahoo Sports First selection Deandre Ayton, Phoenix Suns ← 2017 NBA draft 2019 →", "title": "2018 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Copernicus is a large crater on Mars, with a diameter close to 300 km. It is located south of the planet's equator in the heavily cratered highlands of Terra Sirenum in the Phaethontis quadrangle at 48.8°S and 191.2°E. Its name was approved in 1973, and it was named after Nicolaus Copernicus.", "title": "Copernicus (Martian crater)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3D Center of Art and Photography is an American nonprofit educational institution in Portland, Oregon that opened in 2003. It was the first museum in the United States dedicated to stereoscopy. From 2003 to 2011, the Center was located in a small leased storefront on NW Lovejoy Street that presented exhibits open to the public. The Center closed its doors to the public on December 31, 2011, due to poor economic conditions and increased rent on its leased premises. The Center is currently engaged in an ongoing fundraising campaign to move to a location that will accommodate large groups of visitors.", "title": "3D Center of Art and Photography" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago. This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France. French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name Herschel for Uranus, after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel, and Leverrier for the new planet.", "title": "Neptune" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arsia Chasmata is a steep-sided depression located northeast of Arsia Mons in the Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle on Mars, located at 7.6° S and 119.3° W. It is 97 km long and was named after an albedo name.", "title": "Arsia Chasmata" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Joker The Dark Knight character Heath Ledger as the Joker First appearance The Dark Knight (2008) Created by Christopher Nolan David S. Goyer Portrayed by Heath Ledger", "title": "Joker (The Dark Knight)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His career started in Szarlej (Scharley O/S) - a small hamlet located near Bytom -Beuthen O/S. After some years, he moved to Pogon Katowice (which no longer exists) and then changed to Cracovia - one of the best teams of interwar Poland.", "title": "Wilhelm Góra" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mad Vallis is a vallis (valley) in the Hellas quadrangle of Mars, with its location centered at 56.5° S and 283.9° W. It is 524 km long and was named after the Mad River in Vermont, USA.", "title": "Mad Vallis" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz. The \"Huguenot Street Historic District\" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While in the neighborhood of Neptune, Voyager 2 discovered the ``Great Dark Spot '', which has since disappeared, according to observations by the Hubble Space Telescope. Originally thought to be a large cloud itself, the`` Great Dark Spot'' was later hypothesized to be a hole in the visible cloud deck of Neptune.", "title": "Voyager 2" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Small Dark Spot, sometimes also called Dark Spot 2 or The Wizard's Eye, was a southern cyclonic storm on the planet Neptune. It was the second most intense storm on the planet in 1989, when \"Voyager 2\" flew by the planet. When the Hubble Space Telescope observed Neptune in 1994, the storm had disappeared.", "title": "Small Dark Spot" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2017 NBA draft General information Date (s) June 22, 2017 Time 7: 00 pm ET Location Barclays Center, Brooklyn, New York Network (s) (US) ESPN, The Vertical First selection Markelle Fultz, Philadelphia 76ers ← 2016 NBA draft 2018 →", "title": "2017 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dhurma or Darma () is a small town located by road northwest of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is the center of the small Dhruma Governorate of Riyadh Province, and had a population of 10,267 people according to the 2004 census.", "title": "Dhurma" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory. Founded in 1873 and located 12 minutes south of the Equator in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National Polytechnic School.", "title": "Institute of technology" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rutland is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 7,973 at the 2010 census. Rutland is the geographic center of Massachusetts; a tree, the Central Tree, located on Central Tree Road, marks the general spot.", "title": "Rutland, Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hera (minor planet designation: 103 Hera) is a moderately large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Canadian-American astronomer James Craig Watson on September 7, 1868, and named after Hera, queen and fifth in power of the Olympian gods in Greek mythology. It is an S-type asteroid with a silicate surface composition.", "title": "103 Hera" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bigg Boss Marathi Presented by Mahesh Manjrekar Country of origin India Original language (s) Marathi No. of seasons No. of episodes 98 Production Location (s) Lonavala Running time 60 - 90 minutes (approx.) Production company (s) Endemol India Release Original release 15 April 2018 (2018 - 04 - 15) -- present", "title": "Bigg Boss Marathi" } ]

[ { "answer": "Neptune", "id": 188052, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Small Dark Spot >> located on astronomical location", "raw_question": "Small Dark Spot >> located on astronomical location", "statement": "The Small Dark Spot is located on the planet Neptune." }, { "answer": "France", "id": 32223, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What country approved Neptune 's first name?", "raw_question": "What country approved #1 's first name?", "statement": "France approved Neptune's first name." }, { "answer": "the southern and central parts of France", "id": 40458, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Where was France 's Huguenot population largely centered?", "raw_question": "Where was #2 's Huguenot population largely centered?", "statement": "The Huguenot population of France was largely centered in the southern and central parts of France." } ]

[ "France", "fr", "FRA", "FR" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London. The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, are approximately 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W / 51.50722; -0.12750.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size.", "title": "Sydney" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mullet River is a tributary of the Sheboygan River, 40 miles (64 km) long, in eastern Wisconsin in the United States. Via the Sheboygan, it is part of the watershed of Lake Michigan, draining an area of 88 square miles (228 km²) in a primarily agricultural area of the Eastern Ridges and Lowlands region of Wisconsin.", "title": "Mullet River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2); this comprises 634.0 square miles (1,642 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) of water. The Piney Woods is north of Houston. Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain, and its vegetation is classified as temperate grassland and forest. Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, swamp, or prairie which resembles the Deep South, and are all still visible in surrounding areas. Flatness of the local terrain, when combined with urban sprawl, has made flooding a recurring problem for the city. Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level, and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 125 feet (38 m) in elevation. The city once relied on groundwater for its needs, but land subsidence forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston, Lake Conroe and Lake Livingston. The city owns surface water rights for 1.20 billion gallons of water a day in addition to 150 million gallons a day worth of groundwater.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Chitlins con Carne\" is a jazz blues instrumental composed by guitarist Kenny Burrell and first released on his 1963 album \"Midnight Blue\". The original version featured Burrell on guitar, Stanley Turrentine on tenor saxophone, Major Holley on bass, Billy Gene English on drums, and Ray Barretto on congas.", "title": "Chitlins con Carne" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is defined as the area of 1 chain by 1 furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to ​ ⁄ of a square mile, 43,560 square feet, approximately 4,047 m, or about 40% of a hectare.", "title": "Acre" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eddie Locke was a part of the fertile and vibrant Detroit jazz scene during the 1940s and 1950s, which brought forth many great musicians including the Jones brothers (Hank, Thad, and Elvin), Kenny Burrell, Lucky Thompson, Tommy Flanagan, Barry Harris, and so many others. He eventually formed a variety act with drummer Oliver Jackson called Bop & Locke which played the Apollo Theater. He moved to New York City in 1954, and worked there with Dick Wellstood, Tony Parenti, Red Allen, Willie \"The Lion\" Smith, and Teddy Wilson amongst others. During this time he came under the tutelage of the great Jo Jones, and eventually became known as a driving and swinging drummer who kept solid time and supported the soloist. During the late 1950s he formed two of his most fruitful musical relationships, one with Roy Eldridge, and the other with Coleman Hawkins. His recording debut came with Eldridge in 1959 on \"On The Town\". He later became a member of the Coleman Hawkins Quartet in the 1960s along with pianist Tommy Flanagan and bassist Major Holley. That group made many fine records including the exquisite album \"Today and Now\", in 1963. Throughout the 1970s, he played with Roy Eldridge at Jimmy Ryan's in Manhattan, and wound out his career freelancing, as well as teaching youngsters at the Trevor Day School on Manhattan's upper west side.", "title": "Eddie Locke" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sand is a village in Ullensaker municipality in Akershus, Norway. The village lies halfway between Gardermoen and Jessheim. The village was previously its own urban area, but now is part of the urban area of Jessheim. Raknehaugen, Ljøgodttjernet, Olaløkka and Kjosbakken are places in Sand.", "title": "Sand, Akershus" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Counties of Georgia Location State of Georgia Number 159 Populations Greatest: 1,010,562 (Fulton) Least: 1,680 (Taliaferro) Average: 64,845 (2016) Areas Largest: 903 square miles (2,340 km) (Ware) Smallest: 121 square miles (310 km) (Clarke) Average: 374 square miles (970 km) Government County government Subdivisions Cities, towns, unincorporated communities, census designated place", "title": "List of counties in Georgia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The rural Plains have lost a third of their population since 1920. Several hundred thousand square miles (several hundred thousand square kilometers) of the Great Plains have fewer than 6 inhabitants per square mile (2.3 inhabitants per square kilometer)—the density standard Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the American frontier \"closed\" in 1893. Many have fewer than 2 inhabitants per square mile (0.77 inhabitants per square kilometer). There are more than 6,000 ghost towns in the state of Kansas alone, according to Kansas historian Daniel Fitzgerald. This problem is often exacerbated by the consolidation of farms and the difficulty of attracting modern industry to the region. In addition, the smaller school-age population has forced the consolidation of school districts and the closure of high schools in some communities. The continuing population loss has led some to suggest that the current use of the drier parts of the Great Plains is not sustainable, and there has been a proposal - the \"Buffalo Commons\" - to return approximately 139,000 square miles (360,000 km2) of these drier parts to native prairie land.", "title": "Great Plains" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Michigan has a surface area of 22,404 sq.mi (58,026 km2); (13,237 square miles, 34,284 km2 lying in Michigan state, 7,358 square miles, 19,056 km2 in Wisconsin, 234 square miles, 606 km2 in Indiana, & 1,576 square miles, 4,079 km2 in Illinois) making it the largest lake entirely within one country by surface area (Lake Baikal, in Russia, is larger by water volume), and the fifth-largest lake in the world. It is the larger half of Lake Michigan–Huron, which is the largest body of fresh water in the world by surface area. It is 307 miles (494 km) long by 118 miles (190 km) wide with a shoreline 1,640 miles (2,640 km) long. The lake's average depth is 46 fathoms 3 feet (279 ft; 85 m), while its greatest depth is 153 fathoms 5 feet (923 ft; 281 m). It contains a volume of 1,180 cubic miles (4,918 km³) of water. Green Bay in the northwest is its largest bay. Grand Traverse Bay in its northeast is another large bay. Lake Michigan's deepest region, which lies in its northern-half, is called Chippewa Basin (named after prehistoric Lake Chippewa) and is separated from South Chippewa Basin, by a relatively deeper area called the Mid Lake Plateau.", "title": "Lake Michigan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1846, the area of 31 square miles (80 km) which was ceded by Virginia was returned, leaving 69 square miles (179 km) of territory originally ceded by Maryland as the current area of the District in its entirety. 21st - century proposals to return the remaining portion of the District of Columbia to the state of Maryland are cited as one way to provide full voting representation in Congress and return local control of the city to its residents.", "title": "District of Columbia retrocession" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area.", "title": "Washington County, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Saint Croix, Saint John, and Saint Thomas, and many other surrounding minor islands. The total land area of the territory is 133.73 square miles (346.36 km). The territory's capital is Charlotte Amalie on the island of Saint Thomas.", "title": "United States Virgin Islands" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Falkland Islands (; Spanish: Islas Malvinas, pronounced [ˈislas malˈβinas]) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 miles (483 kilometres) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, and about 752 miles (1,210 kilometres) from the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of 4,700 square miles (12,000 square kilometres), comprises East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The Falkland Islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland.", "title": "Falkland Islands" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Bette Davis Eyes ''is a song written and composed by Donna Weiss and Jackie DeShannon, and made popular by American singer Kim Carnes. DeShannon recorded it in 1974; Carnes's 1981 version spent nine weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was Billboard's biggest hit of 1981.", "title": "Bette Davis Eyes" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kenny Burrell", "id": 606361, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Chitlins con Carne >> composer", "raw_question": "Chitlins con Carne >> composer", "statement": "Kenny Burrell was the composer of Chitlins con Carne." }, { "answer": "Detroit", "id": 715836, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Kenny Burrell >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Detroit is the place of birth of Kenny Burrell." }, { "answer": "1,337 square miles", "id": 26008, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "How many square miles is is Detroit 's urban area?", "raw_question": "How many square miles is is #2 's urban area?", "statement": "Detroit's urban area is 1,337 square miles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jackson Township is one of the fourteen townships of Pike County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,346 people in the township.", "title": "Jackson Township, Pike County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rockville is a town in Adams Township, Parke County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 2,607 at the 2010 census. The town is the county seat of Parke County. It is known as \"The Covered Bridge Capital of the World\".", "title": "Rockville, Indiana" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1817 elected delegates wrote a constitution and applied to Congress for statehood. On Dec. 10, 1817, the western portion of Mississippi Territory became the State of Mississippi, the 20th state of the Union. Natchez, long established as a major river port, was the first state capital. As more population came into the state and future growth was anticipated, in 1822 the capital was moved to the more central location of Jackson.", "title": "History of Mississippi" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Milton Township is one of the twelve townships of Jackson County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, 1,028 people lived in the township.", "title": "Milton Township, Jackson County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valley View is an unincorporated community in Jackson Township in Sainte Genevieve County, Missouri, United States. Valley View is located at the junction of Interstate 55 and Supplemental Route DD, northwest of Bloomsdale.", "title": "Valley View, Sainte Genevieve County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carbondale Township is one of sixteen townships in Jackson County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 29,544 and it contained 14,341 housing units. Southern Illinois University is located in this township.", "title": "Carbondale Township, Jackson County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rockville Correctional Facility is a state prison located in Adams Township, Parke County, one mile (1.6 km) northwest of Rockville, Indiana. A part of the Indiana Department of Corrections, it is the largest state prison for women in Indiana with approximately 1,200 women. Although it is classified as a medium-security prison, it has inmates of all security levels.", "title": "Rockville Correctional Facility" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.", "title": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lick Township is one of the twelve townships of Jackson County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, 2,661 people lived in the township.", "title": "Lick Township, Jackson County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crain is an unincorporated community in Kinkaid Township, Jackson County, Illinois, United States. Crain is located on Illinois Route 3, west of Murphysboro.", "title": "Crain, Illinois" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jackson Township is one of thirteen townships in Parke County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 737 and it contained 475 housing units.", "title": "Jackson Township, Parke County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jackson Township is one of the sixteen townships of Brown County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,581 people in the township.", "title": "Jackson Township, Brown County, Ohio" } ]

[ { "answer": "Parke County", "id": 572916, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Jackson Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Jackson Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Jackson Township is located in Parke County." }, { "answer": "Rockville", "id": 803028, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Parke County >> capital", "raw_question": "#1 >> capital", "statement": "The capital of Parke County is Rockville." }, { "answer": "U.S.", "id": 485952, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Rockville >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "Rockville is located in the United States." } ]

[ "USA", "U.S", "the U.S.", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sugar Hill is a city in northern Gwinnett County in the U.S. state of Georgia and is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. The population was 18,522 as of the 2010 census, making it the fourth-largest city in Gwinnett County. As of 2015, the estimated population was 21,747.", "title": "Sugar Hill, Georgia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marseille (English / mɑːrˈseɪ /; French: (maʁsɛj) (listen), locally: (mɑχˈsɛjə); Provençal Marselha (maʀˈsejɔ, maʀˈsijɔ)), also known as Marseilles, is a city in France. The capital of the Bouches - du - Rhône department and Provence - Alpes - Côte d'Azur region, Marseille, on France's south coast, is the country's second largest city, after Paris, with a population of 852,516 in 2012, and an area of 241 km (93 sq mi), the 3rd - largest metropolitan area in France after Paris and Lyon.", "title": "Marseille" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Snow cover (averaging 3 -- 5 months per year) is formed at the beginning of November and melts in beginning of April, but in recent years snow cover has lasted shorter than usual. For example, in the winter of 2006 -- 2007 the snow cover did n't form until the end of January, and melted at the beginning of March; in 2007 -- 2008, the snow cover melted at the end of February, and in the 2008 -- 2009 winter, snow cover did n't form until the end of December, which is one month later than usual. Yet in 2011 - 2012 it melted in the middle of April.", "title": "Climate of Moscow" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kalona is a city in Washington County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,363 at the 2010 census. Kalona is the second largest city in Washington County.", "title": "Kalona, Iowa" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Phoenix Metropolitan Area -- often referred to as the Valley of the Sun, the Salt River Valley or Metro Phoenix -- is a metropolitan area, centered on the city of Phoenix, that includes much of the central part of the U.S. State of Arizona. The United States Census Bureau designates the area as the Phoenix - Mesa - Scottsdale Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), defining it as Maricopa and Pinal counties. As of the Census Bureau's 2015 population estimates, Metro Phoenix had 4,574,351 residents, making it the 12th largest Metropolitan Area in the nation by population. The gross domestic product of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area was $215 billion in 2014, 15th largest amongst metro areas in the United States.", "title": "Phoenix metropolitan area" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for \"flowery land\") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital.", "title": "Florida" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atlanta (/ ætˈlæntə /) is the capital and most populous city of the state of Georgia in the United States. With an estimated 2016 population of 472,522, it is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5.8 million people and the ninth - largest metropolitan area in the United States. Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.", "title": "Atlanta" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Football for Friendship (Russian: ФУТБОЛ ДЛЯ ДРУЖБЫ) is an annual International Children’s Social Programme implemented by Gazprom Company. The aim of the programme is to cultivate respect for different cultures and nationalities in children from different countries through football, to promote essential values and interest in a healthy lifestyle for the younger generation. Within the framework of the programme , football players at the age of 12 from different countries take part in the annual International Football for Friendship Childrens Forum, Football for Friendship World Championship, International Day of Football and Friendship The programme is supported by FIFA, UEFA, UN, Olympic and Paralympic Committees, governments and football federations of different countries, international charities, public organizations, leading football clubs of the planet. The global operator of the programme is AGT Communications Group (Russia).", "title": "Football for Friendship" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madrid (/ məˈdrɪd /, Spanish: (maˈðɾið), locally (maˈðɾi (θ))) is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole. The city has almost 3.166 million inhabitants with a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the third - largest city in the European Union (EU) after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third - largest in the EU after those of London and Paris. The municipality itself covers an area of 604.3 km (233.3 sq mi).", "title": "Madrid" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kansas City metropolitan area is a 15 - county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri, that straddles the border between the U.S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With a population of 2,104,509, it ranks as the second largest metropolitan area with its core in Missouri (after Greater St. Louis). Alongside Kansas City, the area includes a number of other cities and suburbs, the largest being Overland Park, Kansas; Kansas City, Kansas; Olathe, Kansas; and Independence, Missouri; each over 100,000 in population. The Mid-America Regional Council (MARC) serves as the Council of Governments and the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the area.", "title": "Kansas City metropolitan area" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miramar is a city near the southeastern tip of the state of Tamaulipas in Mexico. It is the largest city in the municipality of Altamira and third largest of the Tampico Metropolitan Area. The city had a 2010 census population of 118,614, the seventh-largest community in the state, having passed Río Bravo since the previous census.", "title": "Miramar, Tamaulipas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт - Петербу́рг, tr. Sankt - Peterburg, IPA: (ˈsankt pjɪtjɪrˈburk) (listen)) is Russia's second - largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015). An important Russian port on the Baltic Sea, it has a status of a federal subject (a federal city).", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[update], there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city. Jacksonville has the country's tenth-largest Arab population, with a total population of 5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. Jacksonville has Florida's largest Filipino American community, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census. Much of Jacksonville's Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston -- North Charleston -- Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers. Charleston had an estimated population of 134,385 in 2016. The estimated population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 761,155 residents in 2016, the third - largest in the state and the 78th - largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sacramento (/ ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ / SAK - rə - MEN - toh, locally also / ˌsækrəˈmɛnoʊ / SAK - rə - MEN - oh; Spanish: (sakɾaˈmento)) is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the northern portion of California's expansive Central Valley, known as the Sacramento Valley. Its estimated 2016 population of 493,025 makes it the sixth - largest city in California, the fastest - growing big city in the state, and the 35th largest city in the United States. Sacramento is the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which includes seven counties with a 2010 population of 2,414,783. Its metropolitan area is the fourth largest in California after the Greater Los Angeles area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the San Diego metropolitan area, and is the 27th largest in the United States. In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento ``America's Most Diverse City ''.", "title": "Sacramento, California" } ]

[ { "answer": "Russia", "id": 161098, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "AGT is from what country?", "raw_question": "AGT is from what country?", "statement": "AGT is from Russia." }, { "answer": "Moscow", "id": 80462, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "what city is Russia ’s largest metropolitan area as measured by population", "raw_question": "what city is #1 ’s largest metropolitan area as measured by population", "statement": "Moscow is Russia's largest metropolitan area as measured by population." }, { "answer": "the beginning of November", "id": 90300, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "when does it start to snow in Moscow", "raw_question": "when does it start to snow in #2", "statement": "It starts to snow in Moscow at the beginning of November." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horseed FC is a Somali football club based in Horseed, Somalia. It is seven times champion of the Somalia League. A team of the Armed Forces of Somalia, Horseed SC was among the most formidable and recognized football clubs in the country. After the civil war broke out, it discontinued operations, but has been revived in 2013 by Gen Dahir Aden elmi Commander of the Somalia Armed Forces. Gen Elmi revived all the different teams of Horseed Sports Club with emphasis on the Football Team which again began to compete in the Somalia Serie A league.", "title": "Horseed FC" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to the Soviet Union and Russia, the DShK has been manufactured under license by a number of countries, including the People's Republic of China (Type 54), Pakistan, and Romania. Currently, it has been mostly replaced in favour of the more modern NSV and Kord designs. Nevertheless, the DShK is still one of the most widely used heavy machine guns.", "title": "DShK" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. During this period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though none engaged in warhead production on nearly the same scale as the two superpowers.", "title": "Nuclear arms race" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pojuschie Gitary ( , \"The Singing Guitars\") were the Soviet Union's first rock band to reach a phenomenal rate of success and popularity in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and in other countries. For that reason, they are often nicknamed \"the Soviet Beatles\" in a manner not that different from Hungary's Illés and Poland's Czerwone Gitary, whose name means \"Red Guitars\".", "title": "Poyushchiye Gitary" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the Tehran Conference and the Yalta Conference, the Soviet Union promised to join its allies in the Pacific War in two to three months after victory in Europe. On August 8, 1945, three months to the day after the end of hostilities in Europe, and two days after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. Soviet troops advanced rapidly, and the US government became anxious that they would occupy the whole of Korea. On August 10, 1945 two young officers -- Dean Rusk and Charles Bonesteel -- were assigned to define an American occupation zone. Working on extremely short notice and completely unprepared, they used a National Geographic map to decide on the 38th parallel. They chose it because it divided the country approximately in half but would place the capital Seoul under American control. No experts on Korea were consulted. The two men were unaware that forty years before, Japan and pre-revolutionary Russia had discussed sharing Korea along the same parallel. Rusk later said that had he known, he ``almost surely ''would have chosen a different line. The division placed sixteen million Koreans in the American zone and nine million in the Soviet zone. To the surprise of the Americans, the Soviet Union immediately accepted the division. The agreement was incorporated into General Order No. 1 (approved on 17 August 1945) for the surrender of Japan.", "title": "Division of Korea" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. The Soviet Union and China backed North Korea, with the later participation of millions of Chinese troops. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides almost pushed to the brink of extinction, and massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. The 1953 armistice, never signed by South Korea, split the peninsula along the demilitarized zone near the original demarcation line. No peace treaty was ever signed, resulting in the two countries remaining technically at war. Over 1.2 million people died during the Korean War.", "title": "South Korea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet Union entered a series of Five - Year Plans which began in 1928 under the rule of Joseph Stalin. Stalin launched what would be referred as a ``revolution from above ''to improve the Soviet Union's domestic policy, more importantly centered around rapid industrialization and secondly, the collectivization of agriculture. His desire was to rid the country of all record that capitalism once existed there under the New Economic Policy.", "title": "First five-year plan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In July 2013 Tuvalu signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to establish the Pacific Regional Trade and Development Facility, which Facility originated in 2006, in the context of negotiations for an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between Pacific ACP States and the European Union. The rationale for the creation of the Facility being to improve the delivery of aid to Pacific island countries in support of the Aid-for-Trade (AfT) requirements. The Pacific ACP States are the countries in the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement with the European Union.", "title": "Tuvalu" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936. For three years the Nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco and supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy fought the Republican side, which was supported by the Soviet Union, Mexico and International Brigades but it was not supported by the Western powers due to the British-led policy of non-intervention. The civil war was viciously fought and there were many atrocities committed by all sides. The war claimed the lives of over 500,000 people and caused the flight of up to a half-million citizens from the country. In 1939, General Franco emerged victorious and became a dictator.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In Seven Years' War it is believed Israel Putnam brought back a cache of Havana cigars, making cigar smoking popular in the US after the American Revolution. He also brought Cuban tobacco seeds which he planted in the Hartford area of New England. This reportedly resulted in the development of the renowned Connecticut Wrapper.", "title": "Cigar" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Global castor seed production is around two million tons per year. Leading producing areas are India (with over three-quarters of the global yield), China and Mozambique, and it is widely grown as a crop in Ethiopia. There are several active breeding programmes.", "title": "Ricinus" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years before European exploration, it was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 as part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain. In 1563, it was named Nuevo México after the Aztec Valley of Mexico by Spanish settlers, 223 years before the establishment and naming of the present - day country of Mexico; thus, the present - day state of New Mexico was not named after the country today known as Mexico. Its geographic characteristics made settlement and effective political control difficult which prompted Mexico's invasion and control of the area from 1824 to 1846. New Mexico's Spanish origins made cultural integration with Mexico unsuitable, which sparked the Revolt of 1837 and a growing economic association with the expanding United States. The 1848 Mexican -- American War indirectly capitalized on this tension and created the U.S. New Mexico Territory. It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912.", "title": "New Mexico" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered \"Untermenschen\" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Consequently, Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by \"Jewish Bolshevik\" masters. In 1934, Hitler himself had spoken of an inescapable battle against both Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism, the victory in which would lead to \"permanent mastery of the world\", though he stated that they would \"walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us.\" The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused German–Soviet trade to dramatically decline.[b] Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million Reichsmarks in 1934 as the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserted power and the abandonment of post–World War I Treaty of Versailles military controls decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.[clarification needed]", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War the ships of the fleet became dispersed over various countries, and Soviet Russia made efforts via international courts to have them returned. Dobroflot was restored in the Soviet Union in 1922 and included into the Sovtorgflot (\"Soviet Commercial Fleet\") in 1925.", "title": "Dobroflot" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ogaden War was a Somali military offensive between July 1977 and March 1978 over the disputed Ethiopian region of Ogaden, which began with the Somali invasion of Ethiopia. The Soviet Union disapproved of the invasion and ceased its support of Somalia, instead starting to support Ethiopia; the United States, conversely, ceased its support of Ethiopia and started supporting Somalia. Ethiopia was saved from a major defeat and a permanent loss of territory through a massive airlift of military supplies (worth $7 billion), the arrival of 16,000 Cuban troops, 1,500 Soviet advisors and two brigades from South Yemen, also airlifted to reinforce Harar. The Ethiopians prevailed at Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga, and began to push the Somalis systematically out of the Ogaden. By March 1978, the Ethiopians had captured almost all of the Ogaden, prompting the defeated Somalis to give up their claim to the region. A third of the initial Somali National Army invasion force was killed, and half of the Somali Airforce destroyed; the war left Somalia with a disorganized and demoralized army and an angry population. All of these conditions led to a revolt in the army which eventually spiraled into a civil war and Somalia's current situation.", "title": "Ogaden War" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ethiopia", "id": 160205, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "What country grow the crop widely?", "raw_question": "What country grow the crop widely?", "statement": "Ethiopia grows the crop widely." }, { "answer": "Cuba", "id": 10384, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia?", "raw_question": "Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported #1 in its war against Somalia?", "statement": "Cuba supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia." }, { "answer": "Havana cigars", "id": 59072, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "cigars named for the island capital of Cuba", "raw_question": "cigars named for the island capital of #2", "statement": "The cigars named for the island capital of Cuba are Havana cigars." } ]

[ "Havana" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today, the four official Maroon towns still in existence in Jamaica are Accompong Town, Moore Town, Charles Town and Scott's Hall. They hold lands allotted to them in the 1739 - 1740 treaties with the British. These maroons still maintain their traditional celebrations and practices, some of which have West African origin. For example, the council of a Maroon settlement is called an Asofo, from the Twi Akan word asafo (assembly, church, society).", "title": "Jamaican Maroons" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Peace in the Valley ''is a 1937 song written by Thomas A. Dorsey, originally for Mahalia Jackson. The song became a hit in 1951 for Red Foley and the Sunshine Boys, reaching number seven on the Country & Western Best Seller chart. It was among the first gospel recordings to sell one million copies. Foley's version was a 2006 entry into the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry.", "title": "Peace in the Valley" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indian general election, 1951 ← 1945 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952 1957 → All 489 seats in the Lok Sabha 245 seats were needed for a majority First party Second party Leader Jawaharlal Nehru Shripad Amrit Dange Party INC CPI Leader's seat Phulpur Bombay City North Seats won 364 16 Popular vote 47,665,875 3,484,401 Percentage 44.99% 3.29% Prime Minister before election Jawaharlal Nehru INC Subsequent Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru INC", "title": "1951–52 Indian general election" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnnie & Jack were an American country music duo composed of Johnnie Wright (1914–2011) and Jack Anglin (1916–1963). The duo became members of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1940s. Between 1951 and 1962, the duo released several singles on the RCA Victor Records label, including their version of \"Goodnite, Sweetheart, Goodnite\" which peaked at No. 4 on the Best Seller charts, and the No. 1 \"(Oh Baby Mine) I Get So Lonely\".", "title": "Johnnie & Jack" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mohammad Mosaddegh (Persian: محمد مصدق ‎ ‎; IPA: (mohæmˈmæd (- e) mosædˈdeɣ) (listen); 16 June 1882 -- 5 March 1967), was an Iranian politician. He was the head of a democratically elected government, holding office as the Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in a coup d'état aided by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency and the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service.", "title": "Mohammad Mosaddegh" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to the expansion of trade and its geographical proximity, Kiev became the most important trade centre and chief among the communes; therefore the leader of Kiev gained political \"control\" over the surrounding areas. This princedom emerged from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family communes banded together in an effort to increase the applicable workforce and expand the productivity of the land. This union developed the first major cities in the Rus' and was the first notable form of self-government. As these communes became larger, the emphasis was taken off the family holdings and placed on the territory that surrounded. This shift in ideology became known as the verv'.", "title": "Kievan Rus'" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa ( born Nemendeyen Yanjmaa, ; 15 February 1893 – 1 May 1962) was a Mongolian politician. As Chairperson of the Presidium of the State Great Khural, she became only the second woman in history to be elected or appointed head of state, and the first in a sovereign country. She was the widow of Mongolian revolutionary leader Damdin Sükhbaatar.", "title": "Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chatham Maroons are a junior ice hockey team based in Chatham, Ontario, Canada. They play in the Western division of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League. The Maroons were the 1970 Western Ontario Junior A Champions and 1973 Southern Ontario Junior A Champions. The Maroons have won multiple Junior B league titles and the 1999 Sutherland Cup as Ontario Hockey Association Junior B Champions.", "title": "Chatham Maroons" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zulay Henao as Esperanza Willis, ex-wife of Edward, a 911 dispatcher for the city of Maxine. Mother of a daughter named Mika with Edward. When she began dating Julius, he immediately became a target of Edward's rage and jealousy, which is later justified as he is the relative of a drug - cartel leader, which constantly places her and Mika in danger.", "title": "If Loving You Is Wrong" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Marooned in Iraq (, and also known as \"Songs of My Motherland\" ) is a 2002 Iranian (Kurdish/Persian) film directed by Bahman Ghobadi and produced in Iran. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.", "title": "Marooned in Iraq" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Louis Borloo (; born 7 April 1951 in Paris) is a French politician and was the leader of the Union of Democrats and Independents, and French Minister for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Town and Country Planning (Regional Development) between 2007 and 2010. On 6 April 2014, he announced in a letter that he would resign from every mandate or responsibility, due to health reasons.", "title": "Jean-Louis Borloo" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Recipient Nominees Fugees N / A 1998 Hanson Backstreet Boys No Doubt Spice Girls 1999 * NSYNC Backstreet Boys Spice Girls TLC 2000 Backstreet Boys * NSYNC 98 Degrees TLC Destiny's Child Backstreet Boys Baha Men * NSYNC 2002 Destiny's Child Backstreet Boys Dream * NSYNC 2003 B2K Baha Men Destiny's Child * NSYNC OutKast B2K Good Charlotte No Doubt 2005 Green Day The Black Eyed Peas Destiny's Child OutKast 2006 Green Day Backstreet Boys The Black Eyed Peas Destiny's Child 2007 The Black Eyed Peas Fall Out Boy Nickelback Red Hot Chili Peppers 2008 Jonas Brothers Boys Like Girls Fall Out Boy Linkin Park 2009 Jonas Brothers Daughtry Linkin Park Pussycat Dolls The Black Eyed Peas Coldplay Jonas Brothers Linkin Park 2011 The Black Eyed Peas Big Time Rush Jonas Brothers Lady Antebellum 2012 Big Time Rush The Black Eyed Peas Lady Antebellum LMFAO 2013 One Direction Big Time Rush Bon Jovi Maroon 5 2014 One Direction Maroon 5 Macklemore & Ryan Lewis OneRepublic 2015 One Direction Coldplay Fall Out Boy Imagine Dragons Maroon 5 OneRepublic 2016 Fifth Harmony Fall Out Boy Imagine Dragons Maroon 5 One Direction Pentatonix 2017 Fifth Harmony The Chainsmokers Maroon 5 OneRepublic Pentatonix Twenty One Pilots 2018 Fifth Harmony The Chainsmokers Imagine Dragons Coldplay Maroon 5 Twenty One Pilots", "title": "Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Music Group" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Maroons football represents the University of Chicago in college football. The Maroons, which play in NCAA Division III, are football - only member of the Midwest Conference starting with the 2017 season. From 1892 to 1939, the Maroons were a major college football power. The University of Chicago was a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and the Maroons were coached by Amos Alonzo Stagg, one of the game's pioneers, for 41 seasons. In 1935, halfback Jay Berwanger became the first recipient of the Downtown Athletic Club Trophy, later known as the Heisman Trophy. Nonetheless, in the late 1930s, university president Robert Maynard Hutchins decided that big - time college football and the university's commitment to academics was not a good fit. The University of Chicago abolished its football program in 1939 and withdrew from the Big Ten in 1946. Football returned to the University of Chicago in 1963 in the form of a club team, which was upgraded to varsity status in 1969. The Maroons began competing in Division III in 1973.", "title": "Chicago Maroons football" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Expedición Robinson was a popular television show that aired in Argentina from 2000 to 2001 and was the first edition of \"Robinson\", or \"Survivor\" as it is referred to in some countries to air in South America. The show was not a success in Argentina and after only two seasons the show was canceled. The name alludes to both \"Robinson Crusoe\" and \"The Swiss Family Robinson\", two stories featuring people marooned by shipwrecks.", "title": "Expedición Robinson" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Río de la Miel is a short river in the south of Spain, emptying into the Bay of Gibraltar at Algeciras. It falls over a distance of 350 metres including some waterfalls and working water mills. As the port of Algeciras expanded, docks on the river became marooned inland, and within the town much of the river is now culverted.", "title": "Río de la Miel" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Filming also took place in 2017 at Owlpen Manor in the Cotswolds and in the London neighborhood of Fitzrovia, in Fitzroy Square, and Grafton Mews. Woodcock drives a maroon Bristol 405 in the film.", "title": "Phantom Thread" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queen Nanny or Nanny (c. 1686 -- c. 1755), a Jamaica National Hero, was a 18th - century leader of the Jamaican Maroons. Much of what is known about her comes from oral history, as little textual evidence exists. She was born into the Fante people in what is today Ghana, and escaped from slavery after being transported to Jamaica.", "title": "Nanny of the Maroons" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Asayîş or Asayish (Kurdish for \"security\") is the Kurdish security organization and the primary intelligence agency operating in the Kurdistan region in Iraq. The organization was established in September 1993 and has been often referred to as \"intelligence agency\", \"security force\", \"security service\", \"security\", \"secret service\", \"secret police\", or just \"Kurdish police.\" Asayesh coordinates and shares information with Parastin and Zanyari, the investigative arms and intelligence gatherers operating in the Kurdistan region in Iraq.", "title": "Asayish (Kurdistan Regional Government)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gallup, Inc. is an American research - based, global performance - management consulting company. Founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for its public opinion polls conducted worldwide. It provides research and strategic consulting to large organizations in many countries, focusing on ``analytics and advice to help leaders and organizations solve their most pressing problems ''.", "title": "Gallup (company)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gordon Liu (Lau Ka - fai Chinese: 劉家輝; pinyin: Liu Jiahui; Wade -- Giles: Liu Chia - hui, birth name Xian Jinxi; born August 22, 1951) is a Chinese martial arts film actor and martial artist. He became famous for playing the lead role of San Te in The 36th Chamber of Shaolin (1978) and its sequels. He later became known for his two roles in Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill films: Johnny Mo, the leader of the Crazy 88 Yakuza gang in Volume 1 (2003); and kung fu master Pai Mei in Volume 2 (2004).", "title": "Gordon Liu" } ]

[ { "answer": "Iraq", "id": 434518, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Asaish >> country", "raw_question": "Asaish >> country", "statement": "Asaish operates in Iraq." }, { "answer": "Iran", "id": 136629, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which place is Marooned in Iraq in?", "raw_question": "Which place is Marooned in #1 in?", "statement": "Marooned in Iraq is set in Iran." }, { "answer": "Mohammad Mosaddegh", "id": 85446, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "who became the leader of Iran in 1951", "raw_question": "who became the leader of #2 in 1951", "statement": "Mohammad Mosaddegh became the leader of Iran in 1951." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caspar Bartholin the Elder (; 12 February 1585 – 13 July 1629) was born at Malmø, Denmark (modern Sweden) and was a polymath, finally accepting a professorship in medicine at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1613. He later taught theology at the same university.", "title": "Caspar Bartholin the Elder" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities.", "title": "Pharmacy" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Svendborg County () is a former province in Denmark, located on the southern half of the island of Funen in central Denmark. Svendborg County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Odense County forming the new Funen County.", "title": "Svendborg County" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harrisville Pond is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Harrisville. It is one of many lakes and ponds along Nubanusit Brook, a tributary of the Contoocook River. Water from Nubanusit Lake flows via the Great Meadows into the pond on the north side and out of the pond at two dams on the south side. One dam allows the level of the pond to be raised or lowered and also adjusts the flow through the mills that span that part of the outlet, while the other dam is made of large stones and sandbags. The village of Harrisville is located at the outlet of the pond.", "title": "Harrisville Pond" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E / 29.033°S 167.950°E / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale internal bodies of water and 32 km (20 mi) of coastline. The island's highest point is Mount Bates (319 metres (1,047 feet) above sea level), located in the northwest quadrant of the island. The majority of the terrain is suitable for farming and other agricultural uses. Phillip Island, the second largest island of the territory, is located at 29°07′S 167°57′E / 29.117°S 167.950°E / -29.117; 167.950, seven kilometres (4.3 miles) south of the main island.", "title": "Norfolk Island" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hjørring County () is a former province in Denmark, located on the northern tip of Jutland and encompassing most of the island of Vendsyssel-Thy and the island of Læsø. Hjørring County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Aalborg County forming the new North Jutland County.", "title": "Hjørring County" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Butterfly Pond, also known as Aldrich Brook, is a body of water in the town of Lincoln, in Providence County, Rhode Island.", "title": "Butterfly Pond" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ancient Greeks also made important discoveries in the medical field. Hippocrates was a physician of the Classical period, and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is referred to as the \"father of medicine\" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic school of medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields that it had traditionally been associated with (notably theurgy and philosophy), thus making medicine a profession.", "title": "Ancient Greece" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, military personnel also conducted a patrol, during which they raised a Canadian flag on Hans Island – a small, barren island in the Nares Strait, between northern Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Denmark currently disputes Canada's claim to this territory.", "title": "Operation Hurricane (Canada)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first castle was founded in 1434 by King Eric of Pomerania. This structure was partially demolished in early 16th century [1], and a new one was built in its place in the 1530s by King Christian III of Denmark. Historically, this fortress was one of the most important strongholds of Denmark.", "title": "Malmö Castle" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "OU Medicine, an academic medical institution located on the campus of The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, is home to OU Medical Center. OU Medicine operates Oklahoma's only level-one trauma center at the OU Medical Center and the state's only level-one trauma center for children at Children's Hospital at OU Medicine, both of which are located in the Oklahoma Health Center district. Other medical facilities operated by OU Medicine include OU Physicians and OU Children's Physicians, the OU College of Medicine, the Oklahoma Cancer Center and OU Medical Center Edmond, the latter being located in the northern suburb of Edmond.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat, pronounced (kalaːɬit nunaːt); Danish: Grønland, pronounced (ˈɡʁɶnˌlanˀ)) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island.", "title": "Greenland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Singapore's water needs are anticipated to double in the next 50 years. Planned Newater output will triple to meet 50% of needs by year 2060 whilst desalination investment will raise output to meet 30% of needs. By the expiry of the 1962 water agreement in 2061, the necessity for Malaysia water import should be eliminated.", "title": "Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forward Harbour was a cannery town in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the inlet of the same name, which is on the mainland side of Wellbore Channel, to the east of Hardwicke Island. Nearby on the same vicinity on the Mainland, though fronting on other bodies of water, are Jackson Bay to the immediate north, off Sunderland Channel, and Heydon Bay, British Columbia to the east on Loughborough Inlet.", "title": "Forward Harbour" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bagana is an active volcano located in the centre of the island of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, the largest island of the Solomon group. It is the most active volcano in the country, occupying a remote portion of central Bougainville Island. It is one of Melanesia's youngest and most active volcanoes.", "title": "Bagana" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world.", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Google fight ''or`` Google war'' is the name given to a number of advertisements on the Internet search engine Google which promoted either Danish or Canadian sovereignty over Hans Island.", "title": "Hans Island" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ameland Airport () , also known as Ameland Airport Ballum, is a small general aviation airport located near the town of Ballum on the western part of the island of Ameland, one of the West Frisian Islands in the Netherlands. It is located in the province of Friesland and is the northernmost airport in the country.", "title": "Ameland Airport" } ]

[ { "answer": "Canada", "id": 41179, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What is one country that has been suggested for importation of medicines?", "raw_question": "What is one country that has been suggested for importation of medicines?", "statement": "No sub-question provided. Please provide the complete sub-question." }, { "answer": "Hans Island", "id": 42691, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "the island that Canada and denmark fight over", "raw_question": "the island that #1 and denmark fight over", "statement": "Hans Island is the island fought over by Denmark and Canada." }, { "answer": "Nares Strait", "id": 217606, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Hans Island >> located in or next to body of water", "raw_question": "#2 >> located in or next to body of water", "statement": "Hans Island is located in or next to the Nares Strait." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Square Biz\" is a song by American R&B singer, Teena Marie. The song was released as a single in 1981 from the album \"It Must Be Magic\". It would go on to become one of Marie's signature songs.", "title": "Square Biz" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne. She spent most of her childhood in France while Scotland was ruled by regents, and in 1558, she married the Dauphin of France, Francis. He ascended the French throne as King Francis II in 1559, and Mary briefly became queen consort of France, until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561. Four years later, she married her first cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, but their union was unhappy. In February 1567, his residence was destroyed by an explosion, and Darnley was found murdered in the garden.", "title": "Mary, Queen of Scots" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "House concurrent resolution 108 (HCR-108), passed August 1, 1953, declared it to be the sense of Congress that it should be policy of the United States to abolish federal supervision over American Indian tribes as soon as possible and to subject the Indians to the same laws, privileges, and responsibilities as other U.S. citizens. This includes an end to reservations and tribal sovereignty, integrating Native Americans into mainstream American society.", "title": "House concurrent resolution 108" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Privilege is an album by Ivor Cutler, originally released in 1983 on Rough Trade Records. It was produced by David Toop and Steve Beresford, both of whom are better known for their work in improvisational music and, unlike Cutler's 1970s recordings, it sees Cutler's vocals accompanied by a wide range of musical instruments including keyboards, banjo, euphonium and alto flute. The LP is co-credited to Linda Hirst, who recites a number of poems and provides vocals on some of the tracks. The closing track, \"Women of the World\", was released as a single and became a minor hit on the UK Indie Chart. It has since been covered by Jim O'Rourke, on his 1999 album \"Eureka\", and YACHT, on their 2007 album \"I Believe In You. Your Magic Is Real.\"", "title": "Privilege (Ivor Cutler album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2014 a new play, \"The Beautiful Cosmos of Ivor Cutler\", a co-production by Vanishing Point and National Theatre of Scotland, was performed.", "title": "Ivor Cutler" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service. Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.", "title": "Conscription in South Korea" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Make the World Go Away '''is a country - popular music song composed by Hank Cochran. It has become a Top 40 popular success three times: for Timi Yuro (during 1963), for Eddy Arnold (1965), and for the brother - sister duo Donny and Marie Osmond (1975). The original version of the song was recorded by Ray Price during 1963. It has remained a country crooner standard ever since.", "title": "Make the World Go Away" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reciprocal arrangements allow British and Irish citizens to full voting rights in the two states. Exceptions to this are presidential elections and constitutional referendums in the Republic of Ireland, for which there is no comparable franchise in the other states. In the United Kingdom, these pre-date European Union law, and in both jurisdictions go further than that required by European Union law. Other EU nationals may only vote in local and European Parliament elections while resident in either the UK or Ireland. In 2008, a UK Ministry of Justice report investigating how to strengthen the British sense of citizenship proposed to end this arrangement arguing that, \"the right to vote is one of the hallmarks of the political status of citizens; it is not a means of expressing closeness between countries.\"", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Bhilai, India, Anupama Bhagwat was introduced to playing sitar at the age of 9 by Shri. R. N. Verma.At the age of 13 she had the privilege to train under Bimalendu Mukherjee of the Imdadkhani gharana. She stood first in the All India Radio competition in 1994 and was awarded a national scholarship by the Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development of India. She has performed At several destinations including the USA and many countries of Europe. At present She is based in Bangalore, India, and married.", "title": "Anupama Bhagwat" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.", "title": "Political corruption" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the main event, Roman Reigns, Seth Rollins, Bray Wyatt, Finn Bálor, and Samoa Joe competed in a fatal five - way extreme rules match to determine the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at Great Balls of Fire. After Wyatt and Joe attacked Reigns and Rollins with the steel steps, Wyatt performed a DDT on Rollins onto the steel steps. Joe applied the Coquina Clutch on Bálor, who escaped. Wyatt performed a Side Slam on Reigns onto an announce table. Joe applied the Coquina Clutch on Wyatt, but Bálor struck Joe with a chair. Reigns performed a Spear through the barricade on Bálor and Joe. Rollins performed a Frog Splash on Wyatt through an announce table. Bálor performed a Coup De Grace on Reigns, but as Bálor attempted a pin, Joe applied the Coquina Clutch on Bálor, who passed out, giving Joe the win by technical submission and becoming the number one contender for the Universal Championship.", "title": "Extreme Rules (2017)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``When The Stars Go Blue ''is a popular alternative country song composed and originally performed by solo artist and former Whiskeytown band member Ryan Adams. It was first released with his album Gold on September 25, 2001. The song has been covered by many artists, notably: Celtic band The Corrs featuring U2's lead singer Bono, country music singer Tim McGraw and Norwegian artists Venke Knutson and Kurt Nilsen as a duo. The song has also been performed live many times by Phil Lesh and Friends.", "title": "When the Stars Go Blue" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A reigning Catholic queen or princess retains this privilege at the discretion of the Pope, by remaining a Catholic in good public standing, through marriage to another Catholic monarch, or simply by grant of the Pope at his dispensation. Catholic royalty may freely choose whether to exercise the privilege depending on the importance of occasion; if they do n't, this is termed as ``declining the privilege '', and the fact of choosing to wear black garments at certain points of Papal audiences does not negate her privilege to be dressed in white.", "title": "Privilège du blanc" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Swiss Armed Forces, including the Land Forces and the Air Force, are composed mostly of conscripts, male citizens aged from 20 to 34 (in special cases up to 50) years. Being a landlocked country, Switzerland has no navy; however, on lakes bordering neighbouring countries, armed military patrol boats are used. Swiss citizens are prohibited from serving in foreign armies, except for the Swiss Guards of the Vatican, or if they are dual citizens of a foreign country and reside there.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Márquez has also performed more than 34 concerts with several symphony orchestras in Venezuela, a privilege granted to few popular artists in her country. She performs an average of 70 shows each year.", "title": "Floria Márquez" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Here Comes Santa Claus (Down Santa Claus Lane) ''is a Christmas song originally written and performed by Gene Autry, with music composed by Oakley Haldeman. Autry's original version was a top - 10 hit on the pop and country charts; the song would go on to be covered many times in the subsequent decades.", "title": "Here Comes Santa Claus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as \"Sir Terry Wogan KBE\".", "title": "Order of the British Empire" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The szlachta ([ˈʂlaxta] ( listen), exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges between 1333 and 1370 during the reign of King Casimir III the Great.:211 In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian nobility formally joined this class.:211 As the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) evolved and expanded in territory, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia, Podolian and Ruthenian lands.", "title": "Szlachta" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ivor Cutler", "id": 858308, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Privilege >> performer", "raw_question": "Privilege >> performer", "statement": "Ivor Cutler is the performer of Privilege." }, { "answer": "Scotland", "id": 102146, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Of which country is Ivor Cutler a citizen?", "raw_question": "Of which country is #1 a citizen?", "statement": "Ivor Cutler is a citizen of Scotland." }, { "answer": "19 August 1561", "id": 56195, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "when does mary go to Scotland in reign", "raw_question": "when does mary go to #2 in reign", "statement": "Mary goes to Scotland on 19 August 1561." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Internet in the United States grew out of the ARPANET, a network sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense during the 1960s. The Internet in the United States in turn provided the foundation for the worldwide Internet of today. Internet access in the United States is largely provided by the private sector and is available in a variety of forms, using a variety of technologies, at a wide range of speeds and costs. In 2015, 97.5% of Americans were using the Internet, which ranks the U.S. 4th out of 211 countries in the world. The United States ranks # 1 in the world with 7,000 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) according to the CIA.", "title": "Internet in the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula jutting out from the far east of the Asian land mass. The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas; to the west is the Yellow Sea (known in Korea as West Sea), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (known in Korea as East Sea). Geographically, South Korea's land mass is approximately 100,032 square kilometres (38,623 sq mi). 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37 ° North, 127 ° 30 East. Notable islands include Jeju Island (Jejudo), Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo, known in Japan as Takeshima).", "title": "Geography of South Korea" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stir - fried ice cream existed in Thailand by 2009, as a way of just mixing ingredients together with fruits and different types of candies. There were a few vendors at the time, and it was not popular yet. Around 2011 -- 2012, the ice cream became more popular in Thailand and began to spread to neighboring countries such as Malaysia, and Cambodia in 2012. It spread worldwide in 2015 from internet viral videos..", "title": "Stir-fried ice cream" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "North Korea has a combination of a continental climate and an oceanic climate, with four distinct seasons. Most of North Korea is classified as being of a humid continental climate within the Köppen climate classification scheme, with warm summers and cold, dry winters. In summer, there is a short rainy season called changma.", "title": "Geography of North Korea" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term ``Internet of things ''was likely coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later MIT's Auto - ID Center, in 1999, though he prefers the phrase`` Internet for things''. At that point, he viewed Radio - frequency identification (RFID) as essential to the Internet of things, which would allow computers to manage all individual things.", "title": "Internet of things" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of the Mandate of Heaven was first used to support the rule of the kings of the Zhou dynasty (1046 -- 256 BCE), and legitimize their overthrow of the earlier Shang dynasty (1600 -- 1069 BCE). It was used throughout the history of China to legitimize the successful overthrow and installation of new emperors, including non-Han ethnic monarchs such as the Qing dynasty (1636 -- 1912). This concept was also used by monarchs in neighboring countries like Korea and Vietnam.", "title": "Mandate of Heaven" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As children coming of age, Scout and Jem face hard realities and learn from them. Lee seems to examine Jem's sense of loss about how his neighbors have disappointed him more than Scout's. Jem says to their neighbor Miss Maudie the day after the trial, \"It's like bein' a caterpillar wrapped in a cocoon ... I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world, least that's what they seemed like\". This leads him to struggle with understanding the separations of race and class. Just as the novel is an illustration of the changes Jem faces, it is also an exploration of the realities Scout must face as an atypical girl on the verge of womanhood. As one scholar writes, \"To Kill a Mockingbird can be read as a feminist Bildungsroman, for Scout emerges from her childhood experiences with a clear sense of her place in her community and an awareness of her potential power as the woman she will one day be.\"", "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entrepreneurs and backed by expertise from China, Korea and Europe, these nascent telecommunications firms offer affordable mobile phone and internet services that are not available in many other parts of the continent. Customers can conduct money transfers (such as through the popular Dahabshiil) and other banking activities via mobile phones, as well as easily gain wireless Internet access.", "title": "Communications in Somalia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Growth returned during and after World War II, due partially to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region. In 1994 the Internet retail giant Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As Barry Wellman argues, internet studies may find its beginnings with the 1978 publication of The Network Nation, and was largely dominated by computer scientists, presenting at venues like the annual CSCW conference. These were quickly joined by researchers in business fields and library and information science. By the late 1990s, more attention was being paid to systematic investigation of users and how they made use of the new technologies. During the 1990s, the rapid diffusion of internet access began to attract more attention from a number of social science and humanities disciplines, including the field of communication. Some of these investigations, like the Pew Internet & American Life project and the World Internet Project framed the research in terms of traditional social science approaches, with a focus less on the technology than on those who use them. But the focus remained at the aggregate level. In the UK, the ESRC Programme on Information and Communications Technologies (1986 -- 1996) laid considerable ground work on how society and ICTs interact, bringing together important clusters of scholars from media and communications, society, innovation, law, policy and industry across leading UK universities.", "title": "Internet studies" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mali lies in the torrid zone and is among the hottest countries in the world. The thermal equator, which matches the hottest spots year-round on the planet based on the mean daily annual temperature, crosses the country. Most of Mali receives negligible rainfall and droughts are very frequent. Late June to early December is the rainy season in the southernmost area. During this time, flooding of the Niger River is common, creating the Inner Niger Delta. The vast northern desert part of Mali has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification (BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and scarce rainfall which decreases northwards. The central area has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification (BSh) with very high temperatures year-round, a long, intense dry season and a brief, irregular rainy season. The little southern band possesses a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification (Aw) very high temperatures year-round with a dry season and a rainy season.", "title": "Mali" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Internet in the Philippines first became available on March 29, 1994, with the Philippine Network Foundation (PHNet) connecting the country and its people to Sprint in the United States via a 64 kbit / s link. As of 2016, more than 44,000,000 people used the internet in the country, accounting for 43.5% of the total population.", "title": "Internet in the Philippines" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Diego is one of the top-ten best climates in the Farmers' Almanac and is one of the two best summer climates in America as scored by The Weather Channel. Under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system, the San Diego area has been variously categorized as having either a semi-arid climate (BSh in the original classification and BSkn in modified Köppen classification) or a Mediterranean climate (Csa and Csb). San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March. The city has a mild climate year-round, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches [230–330 mm] annually). Dewpoints in the summer months range from 57.0 °F (13.9 °C) to 62.4 °F (16.9 °C).", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rank Country / Territory Avg. connection speed (Mb / s) Relative speed - Global 5.6 5.6 South Korea 26.7 26.7 Sweden 19.1 19.1 Norway 18.8 18.8 Japan 17.4 17.4 5 Netherlands 17.0 17 6 Hong Kong 16.8 16.8 7 Latvia 16.7 16.7 8 Switzerland 16.7 16.7 9 Finland 16.6 16.6 10 Denmark 16.1 16.1", "title": "List of countries by Internet connection speeds" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A. Scott Denning is a climate scientist and professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University, whose faculty he joined in 1998. He is known for his research into atmosphere-biosphere interactions, the global carbon cycle, and atmospheric carbon dioxide. He firmly supports action to avoid dangerous climate change. He has also argued that, if no action is taken on the matter, global warming could cause the climate of Colorado to resemble the current climate of its neighbors to the south, such as southern New Mexico, Texas and Mexico.", "title": "Scott Denning" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce and telephony have consequently become among the quickest growing local businesses.", "title": "Communications in Somalia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to its large size and wide range of geographic features, the United States contains examples of nearly every global climate. The climate is temperate in most areas, subtropical in the Southern United States, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, Mediterranean in coastal California and arid in the Great Basin. Its comparatively favorable agricultural climate contributed (in part) to the country's rise as a world power, with infrequent severe drought in the major agricultural regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the fifth ``act ''of Homestuck, Hussie introduced an alien species called`` trolls'', based on internet trolls. While the first few acts of Homestuck focused on a more realistic theme of what it is like for a group of kids to be friends on the internet, the trolls took on more explicit representations of facets of Internet culture. Hussie stated that each troll represents a kind of internet behavior that is ``marginalized or controversial, or something most people just want nothing to do with. ''Homestuck aims to normalize and humanize internet cultures that are usually disfavored and rejected.", "title": "List of Homestuck characters" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Korea", "id": 48727, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "who has the best internet in the world", "raw_question": "who has the best internet in the world", "statement": "South Korea has the best internet in the world." }, { "answer": "North Korea", "id": 58005, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "what are the neighboring countries of South Korea", "raw_question": "what are the neighboring countries of #1", "statement": "North Korea is a neighboring country of South Korea." }, { "answer": "a combination of a continental climate and an oceanic climate", "id": 51880, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "what is the climate like in North Korea", "raw_question": "what is the climate like in #2", "statement": "North Korea has a combination of a continental climate and an oceanic climate." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Denise Richards: It's Complicated is an American reality-based television series that debuted on E! on May 26, 2008. This is the second series to be produced by Ryan Seacrest Productions, following \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". The program details the daily lives of actress Denise Richards, her daughters Sam and Lola, and her family (her married younger sister Michelle and father Irv), as she deals with her career and the publicity she had received since her divorce from actor Charlie Sheen.", "title": "Denise Richards: It's Complicated" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Count Baltar was a leading antagonist in the original Battlestar Galactica (1978) television series. The character betrayed the human race to its enemy, the robot race of Cylons. He was portrayed by Canadian actor John Colicos.", "title": "Count Baltar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joe Moore is an American television personality. He is known mainly as the principal news anchor at KHON-TV in Honolulu, Hawaii; the state's Fox affiliate and highest-rated station. He is also a professional actor and playwright.", "title": "Joe Moore (television journalist)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Good Advice is a 2001 comedy film starring Charlie Sheen, Angie Harmon, and Denise Richards. The film also features Jon Lovitz and Rosanna Arquette as a married couple in a supporting role.", "title": "Good Advice" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Complications is an American drama television series created by Matt Nix. Starring Jason O'Mara and Jessica Szohr, the series aired on USA Network from June 18 through August 13, 2015. On August 28, 2015, USA Network cancelled \"Complications\".", "title": "Complications (TV series)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Junkin' with Val and Dave was a television show which aired on the Turner South cable network. The program was Turner South's highest rated original production.", "title": "Junkin' with Val and Dave" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 2011, Harington has risen to prominence playing the role of Jon Snow in the HBO television series Game of Thrones, which garnered him a nomination for the 2016 Primetime Emmy Award. In 2017, Harington became one of the highest - paid actors on television and earned £2 million per episode of Game of Thrones.", "title": "Kit Harington" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``(Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend ''is a cowboy - styled country / western song written in 1948 by American songwriter, film and television actor Stan Jones.", "title": "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victor Edwin French (December 4, 1934 -- June 15, 1989) was an American actor and director. He is remembered for roles on the television programs Little House on the Prairie, Highway to Heaven and Carter Country.", "title": "Victor French" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Name Program Role Salary Year Ref. Charlie Sheen Two and a Half Men Charlie Harper $1.8 million 2010 -- 2011 Ray Romano Everybody Loves Raymond Raymond Barone $1.7 million 2003 -- 2005 Kelsey Grammer Frasier Frasier Crane $1.6 million 2002 -- 2004 Tim Allen Home Improvement Tim Taylor $1.25 million 1998 -- 1999 Peter Dinklage Game of Thrones Tyrion Lannister $1.1 million 2017 -- 2018 Nikolaj Coster - Waldau Jaime Lannister Lena Headey Cersei Lannister Emilia Clarke Daenerys Targaryen Kit Harington Jon Snow Johnny Galecki The Big Bang Theory Leonard Hofstadter $1 million 2014 -- 2017 Jim Parsons Sheldon Cooper Kaley Cuoco Penny James Gandolfini The Sopranos Tony Soprano $1 million 2006 -- 2007 Jennifer Aniston Friends Rachel Green $1 million 2002 -- 2004 Courteney Cox Monica Geller Lisa Kudrow Phoebe Buffay Matt LeBlanc Joey Tribbiani David Schwimmer Ross Geller Matthew Perry Chandler Bing Helen Hunt Mad About You Jamie Buchman $1 million 1998 -- 99 Paul Reiser Paul Buchman Jerry Seinfeld Seinfeld Jerry Seinfeld $1 million 1997 -- 1998 Ashton Kutcher Two and a Half Men Walden Schmidt $755,000 Drew Carey The Drew Carey Show Drew Carey $750,000 2001 -- 2004 Lauren Graham Gilmore Girls Lorelai Gilmore $750,000 2016 Alexis Bledel Rory Gilmore Kunal Nayyar The Big Bang Theory Rajesh Koothrapalli $750,000 2014 -- 2017 Simon Helberg Howard Wolowitz David Hyde Pierce Frasier Niles Crane $750,000 Hugh Laurie House Dr. Gregory House $700,000 Andrew Lincoln The Walking Dead Rick Grimes $650,000 2017 -- 2018 Jon Cryer Two and a Half Men Alan Harper $620,000 2013 -- 2015 Julia Louis - Dreyfus Seinfeld Elaine Benes $600,000 1997 -- 1998 Jason Alexander George Costanza Michael Richards Cosmo Kramer Norman Reedus The Walking Dead Daryl Dixon $550,000 2017 -- 2018", "title": "List of highest paid American television stars" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Count Baltar was a leading antagonist in the original \"Battlestar Galactica\" (1978) television series. The character betrayed the human race to its enemy, the robot race of Cylons. He was portrayed by Canadian actor John Colicos.", "title": "Count Baltar" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lidiya Mikhailovna Ivanova ( Samsonova, ; 7 April 1936, Moscow – 7 November 2007, Moscow) was a Russian print and television journalist, television announcer and writer. She died of complications from diabetes on 7 November 2007.", "title": "Lidiya Ivanova (journalist)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide. The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia. Of the major growth economies, Maplecroft ranked Philippines 25th riskiest, India 27th, China 36th, Viet Nam 37th, Indonesia 46th, and Brazil 54th - all of them rated to involve extreme risks of child labour uncertainties, to corporations seeking to invest in developing world and import products from emerging markets.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Fleming Fazzin (May 1, 1924 -- April 25, 1995), better known as Art Fleming, was an American actor and television host. He is most notable for being the original host of the television game show Jeopardy!, which aired on NBC from 1964 until 1975.", "title": "Art Fleming" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ian David McShane (born 29 September 1942) is a British actor. He is known for his television performances, particularly the title role in the BBC series Lovejoy (1986–1994) and as Al Swearengen on the HBO series Deadwood (2004–2006) and its 2019 film continuation, the original series garnering him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series Drama and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series nomination. He currently portrays Mr. Wednesday in the Starz series American Gods (2017–).", "title": "Ian McShane" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mistinguett (, born Jeanne Florentine Bourgeois; 3 April 1875 – 5 January 1956) was a French actress and singer. She was at one time the highest-paid female entertainer in the world.", "title": "Mistinguett" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "America's Next Top Model (abbreviated ANTM and Top Model) is an American reality television series and interactive competition in which a number of aspiring models compete for the title of ``America's Next Top Model ''and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry. Created by Tyra Banks, who also serves as an executive producer, and developed by Ken Mok and Kenya Barris, the series premiered in May 2003, and was aired semiannually until 2012, then annually from 2013. The first six seasons (referred to as`` cycles'') were aired on UPN, before UPN merged with The WB to create The CW in 2006. The following sixteen cycles were aired on The CW until the series was first cancelled in October 2015. The series has since been revived, with cycle 24 currently airing on VH1. The series was among the highest - rated programs on UPN, and was the highest - rated show on The CW from 2007 to 2010. Advertisers paid $61,315 per 30 - second slot during the 2011 -- 12 television seasons, the highest of any series on The CW.", "title": "America's Next Top Model" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Fleming Fazzin (May 1, 1924 -- April 25, 1995) was an American actor and television host. He is most notable for being the original host of the television game show Jeopardy!, which aired on NBC from 1964 until 1975.", "title": "Art Fleming" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On February 10, 2017, ABC renewed Grey's Anatomy for a fourteenth season, which will premiere in the fall of 2017. The series' success catapulted such long - running cast members as Pompeo, Dempsey and Oh to worldwide recognition; they were among the top five highest earning television actors in 2013.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Ballet Festival was an annual event staged in Canada from 1948 to 1954 that brought together various Canadian dance companies to generate public interest in classical dance. Prior to the festivals, it was difficult for professional Canadian dancers to earn a living by practicing their art in their own country. When the festivals ended in 1954 after six years, Canadian dancers were able to find paid work in Canadian television practicing their art.", "title": "Canadian Ballet Festival" } ]

[ { "answer": "Charlie Sheen", "id": 68558, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "who is the highest paid actor on television", "raw_question": "who is the highest paid actor on television", "statement": "Charlie Sheen is the highest paid actor on television." }, { "answer": "Denise Richards", "id": 258108, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Charlie Sheen >> spouse", "raw_question": "#1 >> spouse", "statement": "Denise Richards is the spouse of Charlie Sheen." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 328235, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Denise Richards : It's Complicated >> country of origin", "raw_question": "#2 : It's Complicated >> country of origin", "statement": "Denise Richards: It's Complicated is an American reality TV show." } ]

[ "US", "USA" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William \"Mugsy\" Moore (1930 – August 6, 2007) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from April 21, 1986 – May 11, 1987. He first joined the force in 1951. After retirement he served as Police Chief in suburban Braddock from 1991 to 1998. His grave is at Pittsburgh's Homewood Cemetery.", "title": "William Moore (police officer)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bobo (1951–1968) was a western lowland gorilla (\"Gorilla gorilla gorilla\") who was a prominent feature of Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, Washington, USA, from 1953 until his early death at 17 (less than half his normal lifespan). As a publicly accessible gorilla in the wake of \"King Kong\", Bobo was one of Seattle's most prominent attractions before the construction of the Space Needle and the introduction of professional sports to the city. After his death, Bobo's skin was stuffed and placed on display at Seattle's Museum of History and Industry. The remainder of his body was turned over to the University of Washington's Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture for research purposes; however, the skull went missing shortly after his autopsy and wasn't reunited with the rest of the skeleton until 2007.", "title": "Bobo (gorilla)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Corporal Hoi Kim Heng (1970 – 21 May 1994) was a police officer of the Singapore Police Force who was stabbed to death at the age of 24 by Soh Loo Ban after a chase near Fook Hai Building in Singapore on 21 May 1994. He was the second-last police officer to be murdered in the line of duty, the last being SI Boo Tiang Huat on 30 November 1994. The year 1994 was then considered a dark year for the police force.", "title": "Hoi Kim Heng" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the liner notes, the album is dedicated to the memory of fellow Los Angeles-based musician Elliott Smith and to Bomp! Records founder Greg Shaw.", "title": "Surgery (album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maurice Grimaud (11 November 1913 – 16 July 2009) was the French Prefect of Police, or police chief, of the city of Paris during the May 1968 general strikes and student uprisings. He is credited with avoiding an escalation of violence and bloodshed during May 1968 unrest.", "title": "Maurice Grimaud" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"No Hay Igual\" was released as the lead single of \"Loose\" on 11 April 2006 by Geffen Records. It received generally positive reviews from music critics with some of them calling the song a highlight on \"Loose\" and praising its production. A music video for the remix of \"No Hay Igual\" with Calle 13 was shot in La Perla, San Juan, Puerto Rico. The video features Furtado and Pérez characters in various situations throughout the slum astride such as eating ice cream and playing pool. Furtado performed a medley of \"No Hay Igual\" with \"Party\" (\"Whoa, Nelly!\", 2002) on the Get Loose Tour in 2007. The live performance was included on Furtado's first live album \"\" (2007).", "title": "No Hay Igual" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, \"personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman.\"", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jessica Walter stars as Amy Prentiss, a relatively young investigator who becomes the first female Chief of Detectives for the San Francisco Police Department following the previous chief's death. She is a single mother whose husband died in a plane crash. Prentiss faced opposition from other police officers and from officers' wives.", "title": "Amy Prentiss" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emil Eichhorn (9 October 1863 - 26 July 1925) was a USPD politician and Chief of the Berlin Police during the 1918–1919 German Revolution.", "title": "Emil Eichhorn" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early development of intelligence - led policing took place in the UK. It was perceived that police were spending too much time responding to specific incidents, and not tackling the problem of repeat offenders. Therefore, reports by the Audit Commission in 1993 and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary in 1997 advocated increased use of intelligence, surveillance and informants to target recidivist offenders, so that police could be more effective in fighting crime. The call was quickly taken up by some police forces, particularly the Kent Constabulary. Intelligence led policing was not a major proponent of policing styles until the September 11th terrorist attacks. Prior to these attacks the majority of all branches of the government would often not divulge any information to each other. The main assumptions of this theory can be described by Ratcliffe's 3i format. As shown by the figure below, the three I's call for close cooperation between police chiefs and intelligence analysts in order to facilitate a strategy that will impact the criminal environment.", "title": "Intelligence-led policing" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A neighbourhood police centre (NPC) is a mid-sized police station in Singapore, introduced in 1997 to replace the Singapore Police Force's Neighbourhood Police Post (NPP) system. Based similarly on the concepts of community policing and modelled after the kōban system in Japan, it allows for police officers on the ground to perform more duties, particularly investigative work, which was previously in the hands of division-based officers.", "title": "Neighbourhood police centre" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Once hay is cut, dried and raked into windrows, it is usually gathered into bales or bundles, then hauled to a central location for storage. In some places, depending on geography, region, climate, and culture, hay is gathered loose and stacked without being baled first.", "title": "Hay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Needle in the Hay\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. It was released on January 1, 1995 by record label Kill Rock Stars as the sole single from his second studio album, \"Elliott Smith\".", "title": "Needle in the Hay" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir William Ian Ridley Johnston, CBE, QPM, DL was the Chief Constable of British Transport Police. He became Chief Constable on 1 May 2001 when he succeeded David Williams QPM, who had served as Chief Constable for three and a half years.", "title": "Ian Johnston (police officer)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chief of the City of Los Angeles Police Department Seal of the LAPD Flag of the Chief of the LAPD Incumbent Charles L. Beck since November 9, 2009 (2009 - 11 - 09) Los Angeles Police Department Style Chief of Police Member of Los Angeles City Council Seat Los Angeles County, California, U.S. Appointer Mayor of Los Angeles Inaugural holder Jacob F. Gerkens Formation December 18, 1876 Salary $307,291 Website (1)", "title": "Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ralph Pampena (1934-December 15, 2012) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from May 22, 1987 – May 17, 1990. He was a 22-year veteran of the Pittsburgh Police upon taking the oath of Chief. During 1986-1987 he briefly retired from the force serving as Police Chief of Carnegie Mellon University.", "title": "Ralph Pampena" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "General Neth Savoeun () is the National Police Chief of Cambodia. Savoeun was promoted from Deputy National Police Chief to the most senior law enforcement position of the country in November 2008 after his predecessor, Hok Lundy, whose tenure was mired in controversy and accusations of corruption, died in a helicopter crash. Savoeun, who was 52 years old at the time of his appointment, is married to Prime Minister Hun Sen's niece, Hun Kimleng. Prior to the National Police force, Savoeun was the police chief of Phnom Penh during the State of Cambodia and then, after the 1993 elections, head of the justice department in the Interior Ministry’s Penal Crimes Division.", "title": "Neth Savoeun" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mera Joota Hai Japani (Hindi: मेरा जूता है जापानी; Urdu: میرا جوتا ہے جاپانى ‬ ‎ ALA - LC: Merā Jūtā hai Jāpānī IPA: (meːrɑː d͡ʒuːt̪ɑː hɛː d͡ʒɑːpɑːniː) lit. My Shoes are Japanese) is a Hindi song with music by Shankar Jaikishan and lyrics by Shailendra, written for the 1955 Bollywood film Shree 420. It was performed by popular Bollywood star Raj Kapoor, though actually sung by playback singer Mukesh.", "title": "Mera Joota Hai Japani" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department. Their procedures on cracking down on drug use and gang violence in the city are used as models to other cities to do the same.[citation needed] According to the final 2005 FBI Crime Reports, Charleston crime level is worse than the national average in almost every major category. Greg Mullen, the former Deputy Chief of the Virginia Beach, Virginia Police Department, serves as the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department. The former Charleston police chief was Reuben Greenberg, who resigned August 12, 2005. Greenberg was credited with creating a polite police force that kept police brutality well in check, even as it developed a visible presence in community policing and a significant reduction in crime rates.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Will Hay shared directorial credit with Basil Dearden following on from their previous collaboration, The Black Sheep of Whitehall. Art Director, Michael Relph described Dearden and Hay's input as directors 'Basil was very expert at directing comedy, and that is what he contributed when working with Will Hay. Hay was important as a star, and he could more or less dictate what he wanted to direct, but really he did not direct. Basil directed and supplied all the expertise that Hay probably lacked.' Barry Morse who played Kurt had a slightly different take on the directorial responsibilities. 'Basil Dearden was largely concerned with purely technical things, angles, lenses, lighting details. He didn't have a very active part, it seemed to me, in the actual performance directing. That was something which Will Hay had a certain amount to do with.'\"The Goose Steps Out\" is also noted as the film debut of a young Peter Ustinov.", "title": "The Goose Steps Out" } ]

[ { "answer": "Elliott Smith", "id": 784284, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Needle in the Hay >> performer", "raw_question": "Needle in the Hay >> performer", "statement": "Elliott Smith was the performer of \"Needle in the Hay\"." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 434582, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Elliott Smith >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Elliott Smith died in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "Charles L. Beck", "id": 60108, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "who is the chief of police of Los Angeles", "raw_question": "who is the chief of police of #2", "statement": "Charles L. Beck is the chief of police of Los Angeles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eli Lilly (April 1, 1885 – January 24, 1977) was a pharmaceutical industrialist and philanthropist from Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Under his vision and leadership, Eli Lilly and Company, founded by his grandfather, grew from a successful, family-owned business into a modern corporation and industry leader. Lilly served as the company president (1932–48), chairman of the board of directors (1948–61 and 1966–69), and honorary chairman of the board (1961–66 and 1969–77).", "title": "Eli Lilly (industrialist)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing \"the most reactionary force in the world\") and argued: \"The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan.\"", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1860s, the Copperheads were a vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.", "title": "Copperhead (politics)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reverend Canon Gideon Byamugisha (born 1959) is an Anglican priest in Uganda with a parish outside of Kampala. In 1992, he became the first religious leader in Africa to publicly announce that he was HIV positive. In 2009, Byamugisha received the 26th annual Niwano Peace Prize \"in recognition of his work to uphold the dignity and human rights of people living with HIV/AIDS\".", "title": "Gideon Byamugisha" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Kevin Betts (born August 15, 1947) is the Arnold Saltzman Professor of War and Peace Studies in the Department of Political Science, the director of the Institute of War and Peace Studies, and the director of the International Security Policy Program in the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. He is a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations.", "title": "Richard K. Betts" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theresa Wolfwood is the director of the Barnard Boecker Centre Foundation in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. She organizes, writes and speaks on issues concerning peace, social justice, women, globalization and human rights. She participated in the World Peace Forum in Vancouver and was an international election observer in El Salvador in June, 2006. She co-coordinates Victoria Women in Black.", "title": "Theresa Wolfwood" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Trial on the Road\" was censored and taken out of circulation in the Soviet Union for 15 years after its release due to its controversial depiction of Soviet soldiers. The film is based on a story by the director's father, Yuri German. The screenplay was written by Eduard Volodarsky.", "title": "Trial on the Road" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Bay Packers Board of Directors is the organization that serves as the owner of record for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). The Packers have been a publicly owned, non-profit corporation since August 18, 1923. The corporation currently has 360,760 stockholders, who collectively own 5,011,558 shares of stock after the last stock sale of 2011 -- 2012. There have been five stock sales, in 1923, 1935, 1950, 1997, and 2011. Shares in 1923 sold for $5 apiece, while in 1997 they were sold at $200 each and in 2011, $250 each.", "title": "Green Bay Packers, Inc." }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maureen Reed (born April 10, 1953) is a physician who was the chair of the Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota, Director of the Parks and Trails Council of Minnesota, Medical Director and Vice-President of the not-for-profit health care provider HealthPartners, and Executive Director of the Nobel Peace Prize Forum. She ran as a Democrat in the sixth congressional district of Minnesota in 2010.", "title": "Maureen Reed" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Aybolit-66 () is a 1966 Soviet comedy film for children directed by Rolan Bykov. It is based on a story by Kornei Chukovsky. The film features Oleg Yefremov as the good \"Aibolit\" and Rolan Bykov as the evil \"Barmalei\".", "title": "Aybolit-66" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Vázquez Rivera (December 16, 1934 – June 23, 2011), served as Puerto Rico's eighth Secretary of State from 1979 to 1981 under Governor Carlos Romero Barceló, Deputy Mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico from 1984 to 1988 under Mayor Baltasar Corrada del Rio and Executive Director of the publicly owned Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) from 1977 to 1979. He was an attorney and engineer.", "title": "Pedro Vázquez" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (Pub. L. 82 -- 414, 66 Stat. 163, enacted June 27, 1952), also known as the McCarran -- Walter Act, codified under Title 8 of the United States Code (8 U.S.C. ch. 12), governs immigration to and citizenship in the United States. It has been in effect since June 27, 1952. Before this Act, a variety of statutes governed immigration law but were not organized within one body of text.", "title": "Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Faliro Sports Pavilion Arena which is part of the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex is an indoor arena in Palaio Faliro, in Athens, Greece. It is nicknamed \"The Little Peace And Friendship Stadium\", due to its similarity in design and close proximity to the Peace and Friendship Stadium. It was the site of the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics preliminary matches of handball, as well as the taekwondo competition. The arena seats 8,536 for handball matches of 2004 Olympics, though only 3,836 seats were made publicly available during the Olympics.", "title": "Faliro Sports Pavilion Arena" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The government of Pakistan reacted in the same vein, through its Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, proclaiming that this was an act of terrorism that should be investigated by Indian authorities. Kasuri said that the terrorist attack would not halt his trip to India, as he \"will be leaving tomorrow for Delhi to further the peace process.\" He went on to say that \"we should hasten the peace process.\" In response to the terrorist attack, President Pervez Musharraf stated \"such wanton acts of terrorism will only serve to further strengthen our resolve to attain the mutually desired objective of sustainable peace between the two countries.\" Musharraf also said that there must be a full Indian investigation of the attack. In regards to the upcoming peace talks, he stated \"we will not allow elements which want to sabotage the ongoing peace process to succeed in their nefarious designs.\"", "title": "2007 Samjhauta Express bombings" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doctor Aybolit (, \"Aibolit\") is a fictional character from the children's poems \"Aybolit\" and \"Barmaley\" by Korney Chukovsky, as far as the children's fantastic novel \"Doctor Aybolit\" of the same author. The name may be translated as \"Ouch, [it] hurts!\"", "title": "Doctor Aybolit" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Franklin Trueblood (1847–1916) was an American pacifist who served the American Peace Society for 23 years. In this role, he functioned as the official public spokesperson and representative of the Society. He served as editor of the Society's journal, \"The Advocate of Peace\" which contained numerous articles by Trueblood.", "title": "Benjamin Franklin Trueblood" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Route 217 is a state highway in central Connecticut, running from Route 66 in Middlefield to Route 372 in Cromwell. The route serves the Westfield section of the city of Middletown.", "title": "Connecticut Route 217" } ]

[ { "answer": "Rolan Bykov", "id": 118157, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Who served as director for Aybolit-66?", "raw_question": "Who served as director for Aybolit-66?", "statement": "Rolan Bykov served as the director for Aybolit-66." }, { "answer": "Soviet Union", "id": 773370, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Rolan Bykov >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Rolan Bykov was a citizen of the Soviet Union." }, { "answer": "German government", "id": 23354, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Who publicly wanted peace with Soviet Union", "raw_question": "Who publicly wanted peace with #2", "statement": "The German government publicly wanted peace with the Soviet Union." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Immediately following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., the Silent Vigil (also shortened to the Vigil) was a social protest at Duke University that not only demanded collective bargaining rights for AFSCME Local 77, the labor union for nonacademic employees, but also advocated against racial discrimination on campus and in the surrounding community of Durham, North Carolina. Occurring from April 4, 1968, to April 12, 1968, members of the University Christian Movement began planning a campus-wide vigil in memoriam of Dr. King. Another group of undergraduate students called for a protest march to address prevalent issues concerning the primarily African-American nonacademic employees at Duke in Local 77. Together, both student groups, along with the support of Local 77, most of the teaching faculty, and civilians not affiliated with the university, sparked a non-violent demonstration that involved over 2,000 participants, making it the largest in Duke's history.", "title": "Silent Vigil at Duke University" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yona Harvey (born 1974) is an American poet and assistant professor at University of Pittsburgh. She won the 2014 Kate Tufts Discovery Award. She is also an author of Marvel Comics' \"World of Wakanda\", becoming one of the first two black women writing for Marvel.", "title": "Yona Harvey" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stanmore College is in the London Borough of Harrow and was established as a tertiary college in 1987. In 1993 all colleges in the post-16 sector ceased to be controlled by their local education authorities and Stanmore College became a Corporation funded by the Further Education Funding Council, and since 2001 by the Learning and Skills Council, which has been replaced by successor organisations: the Skills Funding Agency and the Young People’s Learning Agency. The College facilitates learning from Further Education (the Sixth Form) to Part-Time (Courses for Adults) and Employer Training. Its Sixth Form provides education to an average of 1,500 16- to 19-year-old school leavers. Students come from the Borough of Harrow and a wide area beyond including a significant amount from Brent, Hertfordshire and Barnet.", "title": "Stanmore College" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Edward Reynolds Price (February 1, 1933 – January 20, 2011) was an American poet, novelist, dramatist, essayist and James B. Duke Professor of English at Duke University. Apart from English literature, Price had a lifelong interest in Biblical scholarship. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.", "title": "Reynolds Price" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO), an unrecognized union of graduate employees, Locals 34 and 35 make up the Federation of Hospital and University Employees. Also included in FHUE are the dietary workers at Yale-New Haven Hospital, who are members of 1199 SEIU. In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees. Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America in fall 2010 after the National Labor Relations Board ruled they could not join AFSCME; the Yale administration contested the election.", "title": "Yale University" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Locals is a 2003 New Zealand horror film directed by Greg Page and starring Kate Elliott. The film took in a modest sum at the box-office following negative reviews.", "title": "The Locals" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northshore Regional Endowment For The Arts (NREA) is a non-profit organization in Louisiana, USA that offers opportunities in music and art education for local youth, and promotes local artists and musicians through a number of programs. The organization has hosted an annual music and arts festival, the \"Strawberry Jam'n Toast To The Arts\" since 2001. In 2008 the endowment started the \"JamFest Indie Film Festival\". It also works with schools to provide music education to local students, and assists local artists and musicians in promotion and marketing.", "title": "The Northshore Regional Endowment For The Arts" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades, also referred to as PSAT, is a government institution of technical vocation education and training higher learning located in Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines. PSAT is duly registered by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. All PSAT programs are accredited by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).", "title": "Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Through consistent public policy, the \"Plan Vive Digital\" counts already impressive achievements; for instance, bringing high speed Internet full coverage to all municipalities in Colombia including the poorest and furthest, making the biggest contribution in Colombia’s history to the use of technology in educational institutions as a valuable tool for improving the educational processes, giving an unprecedented boost to the local software, hardware and services industries and making the greatest historic improvements in digital literacy.", "title": "Diego Molano Vega" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Child in Time (1987) is a novel by Ian McEwan. It won the Whitbread Novel Award for that year. The story concerns Stephen, an author of children's books, and his wife, two years after the kidnapping of their three-year-old daughter Kate. Author Christopher Hitchens viewed the novel as McEwan's masterpiece.", "title": "The Child in Time" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Hill Burton FRSE (22 August 1809 – 10 August 1881) was a Scottish advocate, historian and economist. The author of \"Life and Correspondence of David Hume\", he was secretary of the Scottish Prison Board (1854–77), and Historiographer Royal (1867–1881).", "title": "John Hill Burton" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kate Bronfenbrenner (March 23, 1954) is the Director of Labor Education Research at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. She is a leading authority on successful strategies in labor union organizing, and on the effects of outsourcing and offshoring on workers and worker rights.", "title": "Kate Bronfenbrenner" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehensive schools were established under Mrs Thatcher than any other education secretary.", "title": "Comprehensive school" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kate Vaiden (1986) is the 6th novel by American author Reynolds Price. The novel focuses on the life of a white woman from the American South who, after a teenage pregnancy, abandons her son shortly after giving birth to him and who does not get in touch with him for four decades.", "title": "Kate Vaiden" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was originally set to be released in fall 2015, but it was confirmed by author Lauren Kate that it would be released in 2016 for countries including Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore. Lotus Entertainment will distribute the film, the release was on November 10 in the Philippines, Singapore and Malaysia, confirmed by Kate. It is still unknown when Fallen will be released in Australia. The film saw a theatrical release in the United Kingdom on March 10, 2017. On August 2, 2017 Lauren Kate confirmed that Fallen is scheduled to be released in the United States on September 8, 2017, by Vertical Entertainment. It is also set for release on August 8, 2017 on - demand and October 10, 2017 on DVD / Blu - ray.", "title": "Fallen (2016 film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Ministry of Education. Local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for state-controlled public education and state schools at a regional level. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. After the 1970s oil boom, tertiary education was improved so that it would reach every subregion of Nigeria. 68% of the Nigerian population is literate, and the rate for men (75.7%) is higher than that for women (60.6%).", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until 1870 all schools were charitable or private institutions, but in that year the Elementary Education Act 1870 permitted local governments to complement the existing elementary schools, to fill up any gaps. The Education Act 1902 allowed local authorities to create secondary schools. The Education Act 1918 abolished fees for elementary schools.", "title": "State-funded schools (England)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shadow Rising is a fantasy novel by American author Robert Jordan, the fourth book in his series \"The Wheel of Time\". It was published by Tor Books and released on September 15, 1992. The unabridged audio book is read by Michael Kramer and Kate Reading.", "title": "The Shadow Rising" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flora & Ulysses: The Illuminated Adventures is a children's novel by American author Kate DiCamillo and illustrated by K. G. Campbell, published in 2013 by Candlewick Press. It tells the story of Flora Belle and a squirrel named Ulysses.", "title": "Flora & Ulysses" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Children Act 1989 allocates duties to local authorities, courts, parents, and other agencies in the United Kingdom, to ensure children are safeguarded and their welfare is promoted. It centres on the idea that children are best cared for within their own families; however, it also makes provisions for instances when parents and families do not co-operate with statutory bodies.", "title": "Children Act 1989" } ]

[ { "answer": "Reynolds Price", "id": 734279, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Kate Vaiden >> author", "raw_question": "Kate Vaiden >> author", "statement": "Reynolds Price is the author of Kate Vaiden." }, { "answer": "Duke University", "id": 591888, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Reynolds Price >> educated at", "raw_question": "#1 >> educated at", "statement": "Reynolds Price was educated at Duke University." }, { "answer": "labor union", "id": 633817, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "AFSCME Local 77, Duke University >> instance of", "raw_question": "AFSCME Local 77, #2 >> instance of", "statement": "AFSCME Local 77 at Duke University is an instance of a labor union." } ]

[ "union" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most lead - based paint in the United Kingdom was banned from sale to the general public in 1992, apart from for specialist uses. Prior to this lead compounds had been used as the pigment and drying agent in different types of paint, for example brick and some tile paints", "title": "Lead-based paint in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1995, California was the first state to enact a statewide smoking ban; throughout the early to mid-2000s, especially between 2004 and 2007, an increasing number of states enacted a statewide smoking ban of some kind. As of July 2017, the most recent statewide smoking ban is North Dakota's, which was ratified by voters on November 6, 2012.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom are \"Quarterly, I and IV Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or [for England]; II Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules [for Scotland]; III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent [for Ireland]\". The supporters are the Lion and the Unicorn; the motto is \"Dieu et mon droit\" (French: \"God and my Right\"). Surrounding the shield is a representation of a Garter bearing the motto of the Chivalric order of the same name; \"Honi soit qui mal y pense\". (Old French: \"Shame be to him who thinks evil of it\"). In Scotland, the monarch uses an alternative form of the arms in which quarters I and IV represent Scotland, II England, and III Ireland. The mottoes are \"In Defens\" (an abbreviated form of the Scots \"In My Defens God Me Defend\") and the motto of the Order of the Thistle; \"Nemo me impune lacessit\". (Latin: \"No-one provokes me with impunity\"); the supporters are the unicorn and lion, who support both the escutcheon and lances, from which fly the flags of Scotland and England.", "title": "Monarchy of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After World War II, cigarette companies advertised frequently on television programs. To combat this move by the cigarette companies, the Federal Communications Commission required television stations to air anti-smoking advertisements at no cost to the organizations providing such advertisements. In 1970, Congress took their anti-smoking initiative one step further and passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, banning the advertising of cigarettes on television and radio starting on January 2, 1971. After the television ban, most cigarette advertising took place in magazines, newspapers, and on billboards. However, in 1999 all cigarette billboard advertisements were replaced with anti-smoking messages, with some of these anti-smoking messages playing parodies of cigarette companies advertising figures and slogans. Since 1984, cigarette companies have also been forced to place Surgeon's General warnings on all cigarette packs and advertisements because of the passing of the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act. Restrictions on cigarette companies became even tighter in 2010 with the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. The act prohibits tobacco companies from sponsoring sports, music, and other cultural events and also prevents the display of their logos or products on T - shirts, hats, or other apparel. The constitutionality of both this act and the Food and Drug Administration's new graphic cigarette warning labels are being questioned under cigarette companies' first amendment rights.", "title": "Nicotine marketing" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1958 premiership was however to be Collingwood's last for 32 years, as the club was to suffer a string of Grand Final defeats in coming decades.", "title": "Collingwood Football Club" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On December 7, 2006, after passage by Ohio voters on November 7, 2006, Chapter 3794 (titled ``Smoking Ban '') of the Ohio Revised Code went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Ohio, including bars and restaurants. The law exempts (1) private residences except when being used as a business when employees other than the owner are present, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) family - owned and operated businesses not open to the public where all employees are related to the owner, (4) designated smoking areas in nursing homes, (5) retail tobacco stores, (6) outdoor patios, (7) private clubs with no employees. The law is enforced by the Ohio Department of Health, which began enforcement on May 3, 2007. A business may be fined up to $2,500 and individuals $100 for violation of the ban. Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: Since January 1, 1995, smoking has been banned in all enclosed workplaces in California, including bars and restaurants (bars were excluded until January 1, 1998); these following areas were exempt until June 9, 2016: meeting and banquet rooms except while food or beverage functions are taking place (including set - up, service, and clean - up activities or when the room is being used for exhibit activities), retail or wholesale tobacco shops and private smokers lounges (i.e. cigar bars), truck cabs / tractors if no nonsmoking employees are present, theatrical production sites if smoking is an integral part of the story, medical research or treatment sites if smoking is integral to the research or treatment being conducted, private residences except homes licensed as family day care homes during the hours of operation and in those areas where children are present, and patient smoking areas in long - term health care facilities.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love in a Puff () is a 2010 Hong Kong romantic comedy directed by Pang Ho-cheung and starring Shawn Yue and Miriam Yeung. The plot revolves around the love story of Cherie and Jimmy, two smokers who met at an outdoor smoking area subsequent to the ban of all indoor smoking areas in Hong Kong. The film is classified as a category 3 film in Hong Kong.", "title": "Love in a Puff" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 16 November 2004 a Public Health white paper proposed a smoking ban in almost all public places in England and Wales. Smoking restrictions would be phased in, with a ban on smoking in NHS and government buildings by 2006, in enclosed public places by 2007, and pubs, bars and restaurants (except pubs not serving food) by the end of 2008.", "title": "Smoking ban in England" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.", "title": "Mandolin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 1970, President Nixon signed into law the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act banning the advertising of cigarettes on television and radio starting on 2 January 1971. The Virginia Slims brand was the last commercial shown, with ``a 60 - second revue from flapper to Female Lib '', shown at 11: 59 p.m. on 1 January during a break on The Tonight Show. Smokeless tobacco ads, on the other hand, remained on the air until a ban took effect on 28 August 1986. Even further restrictions took effect under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Effective 22 June 2010, the new regulations prohibit tobacco companies from sponsoring sports, music, and other cultural events. Also, tobacco companies can no longer display their logos or advertise their products on T - shirts, hats, or other apparel. Eventually, the law is planned to require almost all tobacco advertisements to consist of black text on a white background, but the constitutionality of that requirement has come under scrutiny.", "title": "Nicotine marketing" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger's private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by the governor's press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A smoking ban in England, making it illegal to smoke in all enclosed work places in England, came into force on 1 July 2007 as a consequence of the Health Act 2006. Similar bans had already been introduced by the rest of the United Kingdom: in Scotland on 26 March 2006, Wales on 2 April 2007 and Northern Ireland on 30 April 2007.", "title": "Smoking ban in England" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Halo was a high end gay bar located at 1435 P Street, NW in the Logan Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 2004 by Ed Bailey and John Guggenmos, Halo first gained attention by being one of the few smoke-free LGBT bars in Washington, D.C. before the citywide smoking ban was enacted in January 2007. Bailey and Guggenmos previously started other Washington, D.C. LGBT clubs and events including the Velvet Nation party at Nation, Tracks, Millennium at the , Ozone, and Cobalt. In 2007, Bailey and Guggenmos sold their remaining share of Halo to Babak Movahedi and opened Town Danceboutique on U Street, NW.", "title": "Halo (bar)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Petersburg Lions was a professional basketball team in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The team was created in 2000 by a consortium of Italian and Swiss sponsors at the lead of Interperformances basketball agency. They were banned by the Russian Basketball Federation due to their participation in the newly created Euroleague run by Euroleague Basketball Company during the 2000-01 season. The Russian federation had actually agreed to send its representatives to the SuproLeague, run by FIBA Europe. When the merger of the two competitions the following year occurred, the Lions were dissolved.", "title": "Saint Petersburg Lions" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two for the Lions is a 1998 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the 10th book of the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome and Tripolitania between December AD 73 and May AD 74, during the reign of Emperor Vespasian, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title refers to the execution of criminals in the arena, by trained lions.", "title": "Two for the Lions" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Former Army Ranger Mike Banning (Gerard Butler) is the lead U.S. Secret Service agent assigned to head the U.S. Presidential detail. Banning maintains a personal, friendly relationship with President Benjamin Asher (Aaron Eckhart), First Lady Margaret (Ashley Judd) and their son Connor (Finley Jacobsen). During a snowy Christmas evening drive from Camp David to a campaign fundraiser, the car transporting the First Family spins out of control on a bridge due to icy conditions; Banning pulls Asher from the vehicle, but Margaret falls to her death while inside the car.", "title": "Olympus Has Fallen" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Smily / Biidama\" (Smily / ビー玉; Smily / Marble) is Ai Otsuka's eighth single, which was released on 11 May 2005. \"Smily\" was used in a television commercial for Lion's Ban Powder Spray, while \"Biidama\" is being used in a commercial for Shokubutsu Monogatari Herb Blend shampoo, also by Lion. Otsuka appears in both commercials.", "title": "Smily/Bīdama" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Queen Margaret and her son had fled to north Wales, parts of which were still in Lancastrian hands. They later travelled by sea to Scotland to negotiate for Scottish assistance. Mary of Gueldres, Queen Consort to James II of Scotland, agreed to give Margaret an army on condition that she cede the town of Berwick to Scotland and Mary's daughter be betrothed to Prince Edward. Margaret agreed, although she had no funds to pay her army and could only promise booty from the riches of southern England, as long as no looting took place north of the River Trent.", "title": "Wars of the Roses" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Smoking in workplaces in Ireland was banned on 29 March 2004, making Ireland the first country in the world to institute an outright ban on smoking in workplaces. From that date onwards, under the Public Health (Tobacco) Acts, it has been illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. The ban is strictly enforced and includes bars, restaurants, clubs, offices, public buildings, company cars, trucks, taxis and vans. A private residence is considered a workplace when tradespeople, such as plumbers or electricians, are working there. €3,000 is the maximum fine on the spot, while a prison sentence can also be given at a later time for violators. The law exempts dwellings, prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards, hotel rooms charitable accommodation and college dorm rooms. Certain buildings such as some hospitals forbid smoking anywhere in the grounds.", "title": "Smoking in Ireland" } ]

[ { "answer": "Scotland", "id": 161080, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Where do they travel to?", "raw_question": "Where do they travel to?", "statement": "They travel to Scotland." }, { "answer": "Ireland", "id": 158722, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "A lion is to Scotland as a stringed agent is to?", "raw_question": "A lion is to #1 as a stringed agent is to?", "statement": "A stringed agent is to Ireland as a lion is to Scotland." }, { "answer": "29 March 2004", "id": 81270, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "when did the smoking ban come in Ireland", "raw_question": "when did the smoking ban come in #2", "statement": "Smoking was banned in Ireland on 29 March 2004." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He was born Philip Davis Guggenheim in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, the son of Marion Davis (née Streett) and film director and producer Charles Guggenheim. His father was Jewish, whereas his mother was Episcopalian. He graduated from the Potomac School (McLean, Virginia) (1979), from Sidwell Friends School (1982), and from Brown University (1986).", "title": "Davis Guggenheim" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Molly and Me is a 1945 American comedy film directed by Lewis Seiler, starring Monty Woolley, Gracie Fields, Reginald Gardiner and Roddy McDowall and released by 20th Century Fox. The screenplay was based on the novel written by Frances Marion and adapted by Roger Burford.", "title": "Molly and Me" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chimpay is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina. The village is the birthplace of the blessed Ceferino Namuncurá.", "title": "Chimpay" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story occurs mainly in an unnamed port city somewhere near the Caribbean Sea and the Magdalena River. Given that Rafael Núñez is mentioned as the ``author of the national anthem '', the country is likely Colombia. While the city remains unnamed throughout the novel, descriptions and names of places suggest it is based on Cartagena with the addition of the Magdalena River, which meets the sea at the nearby city of Barranquilla. The fictional city is divided into such sections as`` The District of the Viceroys'' and ``The Arcade of the Scribes. ''The novel takes place approximately during the half century between 1880 and 1930. The city's`` steamy and sleepy streets, rat - infested sewers, old slave quarter, decaying colonial architecture, and multifarious inhabitants'' are mentioned variously in the text and mingle amid the lives of the characters. Locations within the story include:", "title": "Love in the Time of Cholera" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 20 August 2017, there have been 180 competitive first - class meetings between the two teams since the first league meeting in 1909, of which Arsenal have won 75 and Tottenham 56. The most goals in one game were scored in the closely contested 5 -- 4 Arsenal Premiership victory at White Hart Lane on 13 November 2004. The biggest winning margin was a 6 -- 0 away win by Arsenal on 6 March 1935. Tottenham have twice won 5 -- 0 (25 December 1911 and 4 April 1983) and Arsenal once (23 December 1978), with all three fixtures taking place at White Hart Lane. Arsenal also won by 5 - 2 margins both in February and November of 2012 home at the Emirates.", "title": "North London derby" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sazhdenik is a village in Kyustendil Municipality, Kyustendil Province, south-western Bulgaria. It is the birthplace of Czech politician Vaclav Klaus.", "title": "Sazhdenik" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park is an Pennsylvania state park near Cove Gap, in Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is on Pennsylvania Route 16 along Tuscarora Mountain. Buchanan's Birthplace State Park was created from land donated to the state by Harriet Lane in honor of her uncle, the 15th President of the United States, James Buchanan.", "title": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ashi-Hishigi also called an Achilles lock or simply an ankle lock, is a technique described in both \"The Canon Of Judo\" by Kyuzo Mifune and \"Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Theory and Technique\" by Renzo Gracie and Royler Gracie as well as demonstrated in the video, The Essence Of Judo. It is classified as a joint lock (Kansetsu-waza), and is not a recognized technique of the Kodokan. However, It is a commonly used technique in both Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu tournaments and Mixed martial arts competition.", "title": "Ashi-Hishigi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years.", "title": "Fields Medal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mozart's birthplace (German: ' or ') was the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at No. 9 Getreidegasse in Salzburg, Austria. The Mozart family resided on the third floor from 1747 to 1773. Mozart himself was born here on 27 January 1756. He was the seventh child of Leopold Mozart, who was a musician of the Salzburg Royal Chamber.", "title": "Mozart's birthplace" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jason Zada is an American film director, music video director, screenwriter and digital marketeer, best known for \"Elf Yourself\", an interactive viral holiday season campaign for OfficeMax, and for \"Take This Lollipop\", an interactive horror short film created to raise awareness of the danger of placing too much personal information online.", "title": "Jason Zada" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Meet Me in St. Louis is a musical film made by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer and released in 1944. Divided into a series of seasonal vignettes, starting with Summer 1903, it relates the story of a year in the life of the Smith family in St. Louis, leading up to the opening of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (more commonly referred to as the World's Fair) in the spring of 1904. The picture stars Judy Garland, Margaret O'Brien, Mary Astor, Lucille Bremer, Tom Drake, Leon Ames, Marjorie Main, June Lockhart, and Joan Carroll.", "title": "Meet Me in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In front of the Presiding Officers' desk is the parliamentary mace, which is made from silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers and inscribed with the words: Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity. The words There shall be a Scottish Parliament, which are the first words of the Scotland Act, are inscribed around the head of the mace, which has a formal ceremonial role in the meetings of Parliament, reinforcing the authority of the Parliament in its ability to make laws. Presented to the Scottish Parliament by the Queen upon its official opening in July 1999, the mace is displayed in a glass case suspended from the lid. At the beginning of each sitting in the chamber, the lid of the case is rotated so that the mace is above the glass, to symbolise that a full meeting of the Parliament is taking place.", "title": "Scottish Parliament" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "B is for Beer is a novel by Tom Robbins published in 2009 by HarperCollins. It is presented as a children's book, about Gracie Perke, a young girl exploring the world of beer. She learns why every adult enjoys it and why she's not allowed to drink it.", "title": "B Is for Beer" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Gracie is a 2007 American sports drama film directed by Davis Guggenheim. It stars Carly Schroeder as Gracie Bowen, Dermot Mulroney as Bryan Bowen, Elisabeth Shue as Lindsay Bowen, Jesse Lee Soffer as Johnny Bowen, and Andrew Shue as Coach Owen Clark.", "title": "Gracie (film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Opening Titles: James Bond Is Back / From Russia with Love / James Bond Theme ''(different arrangement from that heard in the film)`` Tania Meets Klebb'' ``Meeting in St. Sophia ''`` The Golden Horn'' * ``Girl Trouble ''`` Bond Meets Tania'' ``007 ''`` Gypsy Camp'' ``Death of Grant ''`` From Russia with Love'' -- Matt Monro ``Spectre Island ''`` Guitar Lament'' * ``Man Overboard / SMERSH in Action ''`` James Bond with Bongos'' ``Stalking ''`` Leila Dances'' * ``Death of Kerim ''`` 007 Takes the Lektor''", "title": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A general election must take place before each parliamentary term begins. Since the maximum term of a parliament is five years, the interval between successive general elections can exceed that period by no more than the combined length of the election campaign and the time for the new parliament to assemble (a total of typically around four weeks). The five years runs from the first meeting of Parliament following the election.", "title": "Elections in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The titular character Jason Bourne does not appear in The Bourne Legacy, because actor Matt Damon chose not to return for the fourth film, due to Paul Greengrass not directing. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by name several times throughout the film. Tony Gilroy, co-screenwriter of the first three films, sought to continue the story of the film series without changing its key events, and parts of The Bourne Legacy take place at the same time as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007).", "title": "The Bourne Legacy (film)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gracie Hall Roosevelt (June 28, 1891 – September 25, 1941) was an American engineer, banker, soldier, and municipal official who was the youngest brother of First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt and a nephew of President Theodore Roosevelt.", "title": "Hall Roosevelt" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ronald Jon ``Ronnie ''Burns (July 9, 1935 -- November 14, 2007) was an American television actor. He is primarily remembered as the son of comedians George Burns and Gracie Allen and a regular cast member of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show (1950 -- 58) on CBS.", "title": "Ronnie Burns (actor)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Davis Guggenheim", "id": 524218, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Gracie >> screenwriter", "raw_question": "Gracie >> screenwriter", "statement": "Davis Guggenheim is the screenwriter of Gracie." }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "id": 144587, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "What is the birthplace of Davis Guggenheim ?", "raw_question": "What is the birthplace of #1 ?", "statement": "The film Meet Me In St. Louis takes place." }, { "answer": "starting with Summer 1903", "id": 56749, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "when does meet me in St. Louis take place", "raw_question": "when does meet me in #2 take place", "statement": "Meet Me in St. Louis takes place starting with Summer 1903." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2015[update]. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with the one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the fourth highest in Asia, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A team led by Enrico Fermi in 1934 observed that bombarding uranium with neutrons produces the emission of beta rays (electrons or positrons from the elements produced; see beta particle). The fission products were at first mistaken for new elements of atomic numbers 93 and 94, which the Dean of the Faculty of Rome, Orso Mario Corbino, christened ausonium and hesperium, respectively. The experiments leading to the discovery of uranium's ability to fission (break apart) into lighter elements and release binding energy were conducted by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in Hahn's laboratory in Berlin. Lise Meitner and her nephew, the physicist Otto Robert Frisch, published the physical explanation in February 1939 and named the process \"nuclear fission\". Soon after, Fermi hypothesized that the fission of uranium might release enough neutrons to sustain a fission reaction. Confirmation of this hypothesis came in 1939, and later work found that on average about 2.5 neutrons are released by each fission of the rare uranium isotope uranium-235. Further work found that the far more common uranium-238 isotope can be transmuted into plutonium, which, like uranium-235, is also fissile by thermal neutrons. These discoveries led numerous countries to begin working on the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Salts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+\n2 (unstable), and UO2+\n2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively. A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO and US exist for the formal oxidation state uranium(II), but no simple ions are known to exist in solution for that state. Ions of U3+ liberate hydrogen from water and are therefore considered to be highly unstable. The UO2+\n2 ion represents the uranium(VI) state and is known to form compounds such as uranyl carbonate, uranyl chloride and uranyl sulfate. UO2+\n2 also forms complexes with various organic chelating agents, the most commonly encountered of which is uranyl acetate.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most ingested uranium is excreted during digestion. Only 0.5% is absorbed when insoluble forms of uranium, such as its oxide, are ingested, whereas absorption of the more soluble uranyl ion can be up to 5%. However, soluble uranium compounds tend to quickly pass through the body, whereas insoluble uranium compounds, especially when inhaled by way of dust into the lungs, pose a more serious exposure hazard. After entering the bloodstream, the absorbed uranium tends to bioaccumulate and stay for many years in bone tissue because of uranium's affinity for phosphates. Uranium is not absorbed through the skin, and alpha particles released by uranium cannot penetrate the skin.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.", "title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 22nd-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%) also producing significant amounts. Kazakhstan continues to increase production and may have become the world's largest producer of uranium by 2009 with an expected production of 12,826 tonnes, compared to Canada with 11,100 t and Australia with 9,430 t. In the late 1960s, UN geologists also discovered major uranium deposits and other rare mineral reserves in Somalia. The find was the largest of its kind, with industry experts estimating the deposits at over 25% of the world's then known uranium reserves of 800,000 tons.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain's decline on the world stage, demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence, if not the full support, of the United States. The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as \"Britain's Waterloo\" and another to suggest that the country had become an \"American satellite\". Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as \"Suez syndrome\", from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Narrow Island is one of the Falkland Islands, in Byron Sound. It is between Golding Island and Middle Island, and to the west of East Island. As its name implies, it is slender, and extends for several miles east-west, while only being about 500 yards in width at is widest point.", "title": "Narrow Island, Falkland Islands" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Britain retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles, which were renamed the British Overseas Territories in 2002. Some are uninhabited except for transient military or scientific personnel; the remainder are self-governing to varying degrees and are reliant on the UK for foreign relations and defence. The British government has stated its willingness to assist any Overseas Territory that wishes to proceed to independence, where that is an option. British sovereignty of several of the overseas territories is disputed by their geographical neighbours: Gibraltar is claimed by Spain, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are claimed by Argentina, and the British Indian Ocean Territory is claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uranium-238 is the most stable isotope of uranium, with a half-life of about 4.468×109 years, roughly the age of the Earth. Uranium-235 has a half-life of about 7.13×108 years, and uranium-234 has a half-life of about 2.48×105 years. For natural uranium, about 49% of its alpha rays are emitted by each of 238U atom, and also 49% by 234U (since the latter is formed from the former) and about 2.0% of them by the 235U. When the Earth was young, probably about one-fifth of its uranium was uranium-235, but the percentage of 234U was probably much lower than this.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Palm oil production is important to the economy of Indonesia as the country is the world's biggest producer and consumer of the commodity, providing about half of the world's supply. Oil palm plantations stretch across 6 million hectares (roughly twice the size of Belgium). Indonesia plans by 2015 to add 4 million additional hectares destined to oil palm biofuel production. As of 2012, Indonesia produces 35% of the world's certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO).", "title": "Palm oil production in Indonesia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Normal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, heart, and other systems can be affected by uranium exposure, because, besides being weakly radioactive, uranium is a toxic metal. Uranium is also a reproductive toxicant. Radiological effects are generally local because alpha radiation, the primary form of 238U decay, has a very short range, and will not penetrate skin. Uranyl (UO2+\n2) ions, such as from uranium trioxide or uranyl nitrate and other hexavalent uranium compounds, have been shown to cause birth defects and immune system damage in laboratory animals. While the CDC has published one study that no human cancer has been seen as a result of exposure to natural or depleted uranium, exposure to uranium and its decay products, especially radon, are widely known and significant health threats. Exposure to strontium-90, iodine-131, and other fission products is unrelated to uranium exposure, but may result from medical procedures or exposure to spent reactor fuel or fallout from nuclear weapons. Although accidental inhalation exposure to a high concentration of uranium hexafluoride has resulted in human fatalities, those deaths were associated with the generation of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid and uranyl fluoride rather than with uranium itself. Finely divided uranium metal presents a fire hazard because uranium is pyrophoric; small grains will ignite spontaneously in air at room temperature.", "title": "Uranium" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Production (and consumption) of agricultural plant commodities has a diverse geographical distribution. Along with climate and corresponding types of vegetation, the economy of a nation also influences the level of agricultural production. Production of some products is highly concentrated in a few countries while other are widely produced. For instance, China, the leading producer of wheat and ramie in 2013, produces 96% of the world's ramie fiber but only 17% of the world's wheat. Products with more evenly distributed production see more frequent changes in ranking of the top producers.", "title": "List of largest producing countries of agricultural commodities" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Kitts, also known more formally as Saint Christopher Island, is an island in the West Indies. The west side of the island borders the Caribbean Sea, and the eastern coast faces the Atlantic Ocean. Saint Kitts and the neighbouring island of Nevis constitute one country: the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Saint Kitts and Nevis are separated by a shallow channel known as \"The Narrows\".", "title": "Saint Kitts" } ]

[ { "answer": "Falkland Islands", "id": 457658, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Narrow Island >> country", "raw_question": "Narrow Island >> country", "statement": "The Falkland Islands is the country where Narrow Island is located." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "id": 20680, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Which country besides Britain claims Falkland Islands ?", "raw_question": "Which country besides Britain claims #1 ?", "statement": "Argentina claims the Falkland Islands." }, { "answer": "2.1%", "id": 15171, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What percentage of world uranium oxide production is produced by Argentina ?", "raw_question": "What percentage of world uranium oxide production is produced by #2 ?", "statement": "Argentina produces 2.1% of world uranium oxide production." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that \"all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous études and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer. In the 20th century, composers who paid homage to (or in some cases parodied) the music of Chopin included George Crumb, Bohuslav Martinů, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Heitor Villa-Lobos.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała \"My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores\", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was \"closer to the grave than the nuptial bed.\" He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—\"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere\", he wrote to Grzymała.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from \"urbanised\" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin \"felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely\" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by the American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The story takes place during the 19th century somewhere in the South, where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "title": "The Storm (short story)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and \"gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life.\" Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's \"general factotum and copyist\".", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery, which included Chopin's sister Ludwika, was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski. The pallbearers included Delacroix, Franchomme, and Camille Pleyel. At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1842 onwards, Chopin showed signs of serious illness. After a solo recital in Paris on 21 February 1842, he wrote to Grzymała: \"I have to lie in bed all day long, my mouth and tonsils are aching so much.\" He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's on 1 March 1843. Late in 1844, Charles Hallé visited Chopin and found him \"hardly able to move, bent like a half-opened penknife and evidently in great pain\", although his spirits returned when he started to play the piano for his visitor. Chopin's health continued to deteriorate, particularly from this time onwards. Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory, he made his debut in Vienna. He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews—in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was \"too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists\". In one of these concerts, he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano, Op. 2 (variations on an aria from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni) for piano and orchestra. He returned to Warsaw in September 1829, where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 on 17 March 1830.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that \"As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.\" The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1996, in a symbolic response to growing dissatisfaction among Scots at the prevailing constitutional settlement, the British Government decided that the stone should be kept in Scotland when not in use at coronations. On 3 July 1996, it was announced in the House of Commons that the stone would be returned to Scotland, and on 15 November 1996, after a handover ceremony at the border between representatives of the Home Office and of the Scottish Office, it was transported to Edinburgh Castle. The stone arrived in the Castle on 30 November 1996, St Andrew's Day, where the official handover ceremony occurred. Prince Andrew, Duke of York, representing Queen Elizabeth II, formally handed over the Royal Warrant transferring the stone into the safekeeping of the Commissioners for the Regalia. It currently remains alongside the crown jewels of Scotland, the Honours of Scotland, in the Crown Room.", "title": "Stone of Scone" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!\" The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin \"must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jane Stirling", "id": 680, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?", "raw_question": "Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?", "statement": "Jane Stirling gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment." }, { "answer": "Scotland", "id": 669, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Where did Jane Stirling invite Chopin?", "raw_question": "Where did #1 invite Chopin?", "statement": "Jane Stirling invited Chopin to Scotland." }, { "answer": "30 November 1996", "id": 90553, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "when was the stone of destiny returned to Scotland", "raw_question": "when was the stone of destiny returned to #2", "statement": "The Stone of Destiny was returned to Scotland on 30 November 1996." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatarka River () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right bank tributary of the Babka River, which in turn is a tributary of the Sylva River. The river is long.", "title": "Tatarka River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Flumendosa is a river of southern Sardinia, Italy. With a length of , it is the second longest river of the island behind the Tirso.", "title": "Flumendosa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Crowe River is a river in the counties of Haliburton, Hastings, Northumberland and Peterborough in southern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Lake Ontario drainage basin and is a tributary of the Trent River.", "title": "Crowe River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), also known as the northern river otter or the common otter, is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to the North American continent found in and along its waterways and coasts. An adult river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14 kg (11.0 and 30.9 lb). The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water - repellent coat of fur.", "title": "North American river otter" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Dutch East India Company had founded the Cape Colony on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large Afrikaner (or Boer) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its falling into French hands, following the invasion of the Netherlands by France. British immigration began to rise after 1820, and pushed thousands of Boers, resentful of British rule, northwards to found their own—mostly short-lived—independent republics, during the Great Trek of the late 1830s and early 1840s. In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British, who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities, including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations. Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan: the South African Republic or Transvaal Republic (1852–77; 1881–1902) and the Orange Free State (1854–1902). In 1902 Britain occupied both republics, concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War (1899–1902).", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumcha River () is a river in the south of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is in length. The area of its basin is . The river originates in the merger Kutsayoki River and Tuntsayoki River and flows into the Iova Reservoir which in turn is part of the Kovda River basin.", "title": "Tumcha River" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Red River is the second - largest river basin in the southern Great Plains. It rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east, where it acts as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma. It forms a short border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas, turning south near Fulton, Arkansas, and flowing into Louisiana, where it flows into the Atchafalaya River. The total length of the river is 1,360 miles (2,190 km), with a mean flow of over 57,000 cubic feet per second (1,600 m / s) at the mouth.", "title": "Red River of the South" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North Branch of the Millers River is a river in southwestern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Millers River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "North Branch Millers River" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Tekezé River rises in the central Ethiopian Highlands near Mount Qachen within Lasta, from where it flows west, north, then west again, forming the westernmost border of Ethiopia and Eritrea from the confluence of the Tomsa with the Tekezé at to the tripoint between the two countries and Sudan at . After entering northeastern Sudan at the tripoint it joins the Atbarah River, which is a tributary of the Nile. The Tekezé is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the former follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers.", "title": "Tekezé River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The South Branch of the Souhegan River is a river located in northern Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Souhegan River, which flows to the Merrimack River and ultimately to the Gulf of Maine.", "title": "South Branch Souhegan River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ijuí River (Portuguese, Rio Ijuí) () is a river of Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Uruguay River.", "title": "Ijuí River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blizzard Mountain Ski Area is a modest ski area in the western United States, in central Idaho. It is located in the southern tip of the Pioneer Mountains in southwestern Butte County, southwest of Arco. The elevation of its lift-served summit is above sea level, with a vertical drop of on a treeless, northeast-facing slope. The summit offers a sweeping view of the vast Snake River Plain to the east, south, and west.", "title": "Blizzard Mountain Ski Area" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lubefu River is a tributary of the Sankuru River, which in turn is a tributary of the Kasai River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "title": "Lubefu River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Atbarah River (; transliterated: Nahr 'Atbarah) in northeast Africa rises in northwest Ethiopia, approximately 50 km north of Lake Tana and 30 km west of Gondar. It flows about 805 km (500 mi) to the Nile in north-central Sudan, joining it at the city of Atbarah (). The river's tributary, the Tekezé (Setit) River, is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the Tekezé follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) in northeastern Sudan. The Atbarah is the last tributary of the Nile before it reaches the Mediterranean.", "title": "Atbarah River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cuyuni River is a South American river and a tributary of the Essequibo River. It rises in the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela where it descends northward to El Dorado, and turns eastward to meander through the tropical rain forests of Guyana. It finally turns southeastward, flowing to its confluence with the Mazaruni River. The Cuyuni River marks the limit of the disputed territory of Guayana Esequiba for approximately .", "title": "Cuyuni River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyeda is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the easternmost point of the Semien Gondar Zone, Beyeda is bordered on the south by the Wag Hemra Zone, on the west by Jan Amora, on the north by Tselemt, and on the east by the Tekezé River which separates it from the Tigray Region. The major town in Beyeda is Dil Yibza.", "title": "Beyeda" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Crati is a river in Calabria, southern Italy. It is the largest river of Calabria and the third largest river of southern Italy after the Volturno and the Sele. In classical antiquity it was known as the Crathis or Crater (Greek: ).", "title": "Crati" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Balagas River is a river of northern Ethiopia. A tributary of the Tekezé, its own tributaries include the Balessa and Dorana rivers.", "title": "Balagas River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The East Branch of the Mohawk River is a river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Mohawk River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "East Branch Mohawk River (New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Edward lies at an elevation of 920 metres (3,020 ft), is 77 kilometres (48 mi) long by 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its maximum points, and covers a total surface area of 2,325 square kilometres (898 sq mi), making it the 15th-largest on the continent. The lake is fed by the Nyamugasani River, the Ishasha River, the Rutshuru River, the Ntungwe River, and the Rwindi River. Lake George to the northeast empties into it via the Kazinga Channel. Lake Edward empties to the north via the Semliki River into Lake Albert.", "title": "Lake Edward" } ]

[ { "answer": "Atbarah River", "id": 155787, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "raw_question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "statement": "The Tekezé River turns into the Atbarah River." }, { "answer": "Africa", "id": 497059, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Atbarah River >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "The Atbarah River is located in the continent of Africa." }, { "answer": "1652", "id": 20577, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "When was the southern tip of Africa colonized?", "raw_question": "When was the southern tip of #2 colonized?", "statement": "The southern tip of Africa was colonized in 1652." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time and Democratic presidents 40 percent of the time, with these numbers being 40/60 for Republican candidates. In the 2008 presidential election, Montana was considered a swing state and was ultimately won by Republican John McCain, albeit by a narrow margin of two percent.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in North Carolina was won by Republican nominee Donald Trump on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 general election. North Carolina voters chose 15 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in North Carolina" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark. His victory in the Iowa caucuses is widely believed to be the tipping point where Kerry revived his sagging campaign in New Hampshire and the February 3, 2004, primary states like Arizona, South Carolina and New Mexico. Kerry then went on to win landslide victories in Nevada and Wisconsin. Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush. On July 6, 2004, he announced his selection of John Edwards as his running mate. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum, who was Kerry's 2004 campaign adviser, wrote an article in Time magazine claiming that after the election, Kerry had said that he wished he'd never picked Edwards, and that the two have since stopped speaking to each other. In a subsequent appearance on ABC's This Week, Kerry refused to respond to Shrum's allegation, calling it a \"ridiculous waste of time.\"", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeopardy! is an American television game show. Its format is a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in question form. Many contestants throughout the show's history have received significant media attention because of their success on Jeopardy!, particularly Brad Rutter, who has won the most money on the show, and Ken Jennings, who has the show's longest winning streak; Rutter and Jennings also hold the first - and second - place records respectively for most money ever won on American game shows. Other contestants went on to great accomplishments, including former U.S. senator and presidential candidate, the late John McCain.", "title": "List of Jeopardy! contestants" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate has the power to elect the vice president if no vice presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The Twelfth Amendment requires the Senate to choose from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. Electoral College deadlocks are rare. The Senate has only broken a deadlock once; in 1837, it elected Richard Mentor Johnson. The House elects the president if the Electoral College deadlocks on that choice.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls.", "title": "2004 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in Florida was won by Donald Trump on November 8, 2016, with a plurality of 49.0% of the popular vote that included a 1.2% winning margin over Hillary Clinton, who had 47.8% of the vote. Florida's 29 electoral votes were assigned to Trump.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in Florida" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On election day, as the districts were drawn to favor Douglas' party, the Democrats won 40 seats in the state house of Representatives, and the Republicans won 35. In the state senate, Republicans held 11 seats, and Democrats held 14. Stephen A. Douglas was reelected by the legislature, 54 - 46, even though Lincoln's Republicans won the popular vote with a percentage of 50.6%, or by 3,402 votes. However, the widespread media coverage of the debates greatly raised Lincoln's national profile, making him a viable candidate for nomination as the Republican candidate in the upcoming 1860 presidential election. He would go on to secure both the nomination and the presidency, beating Douglas (as the Northern Democratic candidate), among others, in the process.", "title": "Lincoln–Douglas debates" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.", "title": "1824 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The People's Movement for Progress (, MPP) is a political party in Burkina Faso that was founded on 25 January 2014 by former Congress for Democracy and Progress member Roch Marc Christian Kaboré. Kaboré ran as the party's presidential candidate in the November 2015 general election and was elected in the first round of voting; the MPP also won a plurality of seats in the National Assembly of Burkina Faso. It is a full member of Socialist International, having been admitted in 2016.", "title": "People's Movement for Progress" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeopardy! is an American television game show. Its format is a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in question form. Many contestants throughout the show's history have received significant media attention because of their success on Jeopardy!, particularly Brad Rutter, who has won the most money on the show, and Ken Jennings, who has the show's longest winning streak; Rutter and Jennings also hold the first - and second - place records respectively for most money ever won on American game shows. Other contestants went on to great accomplishments, including future U.S. senator and presidential candidate John McCain.", "title": "List of Jeopardy! contestants" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The candidate filing deadline for this gubernatorial race was on June 22, 2018, with primary elections being held on August 28, 2018. Florida uses a closed primary process, in which the selection of each party's candidates for a general election is limited to registered members of that party. Andrew Gillum won the Democratic primary, and Ron DeSantis won the Republican primary.", "title": "2018 Florida gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1876 was the 23rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1876. It was one of the most contentious and controversial presidential elections in American history. The results of the election remain among the most disputed ever, although it is not disputed that Samuel J. Tilden of New York outpolled Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote. After a first count of votes, Tilden won 184 electoral votes to Hayes's 165, with 20 votes unresolved. These 20 electoral votes were in dispute in four states. In the case of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, each party reported its candidate had won the state, while in Oregon one elector was replaced after being declared illegal for being an ``elected or appointed official ''. The question of who should have been awarded these electoral votes is the source of the continued controversy concerning the results of this election.", "title": "1876 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican candidate George W. Bush, the Governor of Texas and the eldest son of the 41st President George H.W. Bush, won the election by defeating Democratic nominee Al Gore, the incumbent vice president. It was the fourth of five presidential elections in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote.", "title": "2000 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeopardy! is an American television game show. Its format is a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in question form. Many contestants throughout the show's history have received significant media attention because of their success on Jeopardy!, particularly Brad Rutter, who has won the most money on the show, and Ken Jennings, who has the show's longest winning streak; Rutter and Jennings also hold the first and second place records respectively for most money ever won on American game shows. Other contestants went on to great accomplishments, including future U.S. senator and presidential candidate John McCain.", "title": "List of Jeopardy! contestants" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. In a surprise victory, the Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine despite losing the popular vote. Trump took office as the 45th President, and Pence as the 48th Vice President, on January 20, 2017. Incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment. Concurrent with the presidential election, Senate, House, and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger's endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008. Giuliani dropped out of the presidential race on January 30, 2008, largely because of a poor showing in Florida, and endorsed McCain. Later that night, Schwarzenegger was in the audience at a Republican debate at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California. The following day, he endorsed McCain, joking, \"It's Rudy's fault!\" (in reference to his friendships with both candidates and that he could not make up his mind). Schwarzenegger's endorsement was thought to be a boost for Senator McCain's campaign; both spoke about their concerns for the environment and economy.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delegates to the national convention were usually selected at state conventions whose own delegates were chosen by district conventions. Sometimes they were dominated by intrigue between political bosses who controlled delegates; the national convention was far from democratic or transparent. Progressive Era reformers looked to the primary election as a way to measure popular opinion of candidates, as opposed to the opinion of the bosses. Florida enacted the first presidential primary in 1901. The Wisconsin direct open primary of 1905 was the first to eliminate the caucus and mandate direct selection of national convention delegates. In 1910, Oregon became the first state to establish a presidential preference primary, which requires delegates to the National Convention to support the winner of the primary at the convention. By 1912, twelve states either selected delegates in primaries, used a preferential primary, or both. By 1920 there were 20 states with primaries, but some went back, and from 1936 to 1968, 12 states used them.", "title": "United States presidential primary" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.", "title": "2004 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The run-off took place on 11 January 2015, with Grabar-Kitarović winning 50.7% of the vote. She thereby became Croatia's first female post-independence head of state and the country's first conservative president in 15 years. She was ceremonially sworn into office on 15 February, and assumed office officially at midnight on 19 February 2015.Upon election, Grabar-Kitarović became the first woman in Europe to defeat an incumbent president running for reelection, as well as the second woman in the world to do so, after Violetta Chamorro of Nicaragua in 1990. She is also the first candidate of any gender to defeat an incumbent Croatian president. In addition, Grabar-Kitarović is the only presidential candidate to date to have won a Croatian presidential election without having won the most votes in the first round of elections, as she lost it by 1.24% or 21,000 votes. Furthermore, the 1.114 million votes she received in the second round is the lowest number of votes for any winning candidate in a presidential election in Croatia and the 1.48% victory margin against Josipović is the smallest in any such election to date.", "title": "Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović" } ]

[ { "answer": "John Edwards", "id": 29335, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Which candidate went on to win the South Carolina primary?", "raw_question": "Which candidate went on to win the South Carolina primary?", "statement": "John Edwards won the 2004 South Carolina Democratic primary." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 30907, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Where was John Edwards a senator?", "raw_question": "Where was #1 a senator?", "statement": "John Edwards was a senator from North Carolina." }, { "answer": "Donald Trump", "id": 62935, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "who won North Carolina in 2016 presidential election", "raw_question": "who won #2 in 2016 presidential election", "statement": "Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election in North Carolina." } ]

[ "Trump" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gallery Park Hotel & SPA is a 5 star hotel in Riga, Latvia, Gallery Park Hotel & SPA was established in 2009 after the grand restoration and has been already awarded the Best Hotel in Latvia and is located in the heart of Riga in a 19th-century building that is on the list of the World Heritage sites by UNESCO.", "title": "Gallery Park Hotel, Riga" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido (Elissa). Today it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon. and houses one of the nation's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome which was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1979.", "title": "Tyre, Lebanon" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004. It comprises three Indonesian national parks on the island of Sumatra: Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The site is listed under Criteria vii - outstanding scenic beauty; ix- an outstanding example representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes; and x- contains the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation. The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra has been placed on the Danger List since 2011 to help overcome threats posed by poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site.", "title": "Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1981, the Jerusalem walls were added, along with the Old City of Jerusalem, to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List.", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shirakami-Sanchi (白神山地) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Tōhoku region of northern Honshū, Japan. This mountainous area includes the last virgin forest of Siebold's beech which once covered most of northern Japan. The area straddles both Akita and Aomori Prefectures. Of the entire 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi), a tract covering 169.7169.7 square kilometres (65.5 sq mi) was included in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1993. Fauna found in the area includes Japanese black bear, the Japanese serow, Japanese macaque and 87 species of birds. The Shirakami-Sanchi was one of the first sites entered on the World Heritage List in Japan, along with Yakushima, Himeji Castle, and Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area in 1993. Permission is needed from Forest Management to enter the heart of the Shirakami-Sanchi.", "title": "Shirakami-Sanchi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 28 June 2007, the Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site; having been listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate since 1980, the National Trust of Australia register since 1983, the City of Sydney Heritage Inventory since 2000, the New South Wales State Heritage Register since 2003, and the Australian National Heritage List since 2005.", "title": "Sydney Opera House" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Principal exteriors were shot on location in the United Kingdom. A second unit filmed the medieval walls and towers of the Cité de Carcassonne in the town of Carcassonne in Aude, France, for the portrayal of Nottingham and its castle. Locksley Castle was Wardour Castle in Wiltshire -- restored in an early shot using a matte painting. Marian's manor was filmed at Hulne Priory in Northumberland. Scenes set in Sherwood Forest were filmed throughout England: Burnham Beeches in Buckinghamshire was used for the outlaws' encampment, Aysgarth Falls in Yorkshire for the fight scene between Robin and Little John, and Hardraw Force in North Yorkshire was the location where Marian sees Robin bathing. Sycamore Gap on Hadrian's Wall was used for the scene when Robin first confronts the sheriff's men. Chalk cliffs at Seven Sisters, Sussex were used as the locale for Robin's return to England from the Crusades.", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sibiloi National Park lies on the northeastern shore of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. Established in 1973 by the government of Kenya for the protection of wildlife and palaeontological sites there, it covers 1570 km² and is internationally known for its fossils. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 as a part of Lake Turkana National Parks.", "title": "Sibiloi National Park" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Portugal adopted the convention on 30 September 1980, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list.", "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "500 years ago, Nguyen Trai praised the beauty of Ha Long Bay in his verse Lộ nhập Vân Đồn, in which he called it ``rock wonder in the sky ''. In 1962, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of North Vietnam listed Ha Long Bay in the National Relics and Landscapes publication. In 1994, the core zone of Ha Long Bay was listed as a World Heritage Site according to Criterion VII, and listed for a second time according to Criterion VIII.", "title": "Hạ Long Bay" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in China. China has 55, ranking top in the world. China ratified The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on 12 December 1985. These sites comprise some of the most essential part of China's valuable and rich tourism resources.", "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in China" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There are 32 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories. The UNESCO list contains one designated site in both England and Scotland (the Frontiers of the Roman Empire) plus eighteen exclusively in England, five in Scotland, three in Wales, one in Northern Ireland, and one in each of the overseas territories of Bermuda, Gibraltar, the Pitcairn Islands, and Saint Helena. The first sites in the UK to be inscribed on the World Heritage List were Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast; Durham Castle and Cathedral; Ironbridge Gorge; Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey; Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites; and the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd in 1986. The latest site to be inscribed was the Jodrell Bank Observatory in England in July 2019.", "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land is a grouping of five sites from late eleventh- and twelfth-century Hiraizumi, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The serial nomination was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2011, under criteria ii and vi.", "title": "Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy are a group of buildings in Turin and the Metropolitan City of Turin, in Piedmont (northern Italy). It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 1997.", "title": "Residences of the Royal House of Savoy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During its twelfth session, in December 1988, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) selected parts of Timbuktu's historic centre for inscription on its World Heritage list. The selection was based on three criteria:", "title": "Timbuktu" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Petroglyphs of Eshkiolmes are located throughout the Eshkiolmes mountain range in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. The area is being considered for inscription on the World Heritage list of sites who have \"outstanding universal value\" to the world.", "title": "Eshkiolmes Petroglyphs" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first sites within Peru were inscribed on the list at the 7th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Florence, Italy in 1983: ``City of Cuzco ''and the`` Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu''. As of 2010, Peru has 11 sites on the World Heritage List. Seven are listed as cultural sites, two as natural, and two as mixed, meeting both cultural and natural selection criteria, as determined by the organization's selection criteria. Only six of Peru's twenty - five regions are represented, with Ancash, Cuzco, and Lima regions each containing multiple sites.", "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in Peru" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John were heavily influenced by Sir Walter Scott's historical romance, Ivanhoe, which presented \"an almost totally unfavourable picture\" of the king; the work drew on Victorian histories of the period and on Shakespeare's play. Scott's work influenced the late 19th-century children's writer Howard Pyle's book The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, which in turn established John as the principal villain within the traditional Robin Hood narrative. During the 20th century, John was normally depicted in fictional books and films alongside Robin Hood. Sam De Grasse's role as John in the black-and-white 1922 film version shows John committing numerous atrocities and acts of torture. Claude Rains played John in the 1938 colour version alongside Errol Flynn, starting a trend for films to depict John as an \"effeminate ... arrogant and cowardly stay-at-home\". The character of John acts either to highlight the virtues of King Richard, or contrasts with the Sheriff of Nottingham, who is usually the \"swashbuckling villain\" opposing Robin. An extreme version of this trend can be seen in the Disney cartoon version, for example, which depicts John, voiced by Peter Ustinov, as a \"cowardly, thumbsucking lion\". Popular works that depict John beyond the Robin Hood legends, such as James Goldman's play and later film, The Lion in Winter, set in 1183, commonly present him as an \"effete weakling\", in this instance contrasted with the more masculine Henry II, or as a tyrant, as in A. A. Milne's poem for children, \"King John's Christmas\".", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The church of Saint Nicholas in Budești Josani (\"Lower Budești\") in the village of Budeşti in the region of Maramureș, Cosău valley in Romania is representative of the characteristic wooden churches of Maramureș with double eaves. It is one of eight wooden churches of Maramureș that UNESCO has listed as a World Heritage Site.", "title": "Budești Josani church" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hawf District is a district of the Al Mahrah Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 5143 inhabitants. The Hawf Area was nomination to be a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in August 2002. Current the status is listed as tentatively approved.", "title": "Hawf District" } ]

[ { "answer": "Robin Hood", "id": 14045, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Who was John depicted alongside?", "raw_question": "Who was John depicted alongside?", "statement": "Robin Hood was depicted alongside in the Prince of Thieves film." }, { "answer": "the United Kingdom", "id": 93667, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "where was Robin Hood prince of thieves made", "raw_question": "where was #1 prince of thieves made", "statement": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves was made in the United Kingdom." }, { "answer": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "id": 670567, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "list of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom >> is a list of", "raw_question": "list of World Heritage Sites in #2 >> is a list of", "statement": "The UNESCO World Heritage Site is a list of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom." } ]

[ "World Heritage Site", "World heritage site", "World Heritage List" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hackney was a parish in the historic county of Middlesex. The parish church of St John-at-Hackney was built in 1789, replacing the nearby former 16th-century parish church dedicated to St Augustine (pulled down in 1798). The original tower of that church was retained to hold the bells until the new church could be strengthened; the bells were finally removed to the new St John's in 1854. See details of other, more modern, churches within the original parish boundaries below.", "title": "Hackney (parish)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harper Oliver Hamshaw (birth registered fourth ¼ 1863 – death registered first ¼ 1925) was an English rugby union footballer who played in the 1880s. He played at representative level for Yorkshire, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (it was a rugby union club at the time, so no Heritage № has been allocated). Prior to Tuesday 27 August 1895, Wakefield Trinity was a rugby union club. A rugby shirt worn by Harper Hamshaw is on display at Wakefield Museum, and was used as the inspiration for a heritage shirt produced in 2010.", "title": "Harper Hamshaw" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Charlie Harper (born David Charles Perez, 25 May 1944, Hackney, London) is a British singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lead singer from the punk band UK Subs. Charlie Harper is reportedly a nephew of actor Cesar Romero.", "title": "Charlie Harper (singer)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The William Rainey Harper Log House, also known as the Harper Cabin, is located at 20 West Main Street in New Concord, Ohio, United States. The home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 1980-01-03.", "title": "William Rainey Harper Log House" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"That Darn Priest\" is the season finale of the eighth season of the American sitcom \"Two and a Half Men\" and the final appearance of Charlie Sheen as Charlie Harper. The episode is the 16th and final episode of the season, though it was meant to be the ninth to last episode, but the season was cut short due to Sheen's problems related to drug and alcohol abuse. Three weeks after the episode's original airing, Sheen was officially fired from the show. CBS and Warner Bros. later announced that Ashton Kutcher would join the show's cast as Sheen's replacement.", "title": "That Darn Priest" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control.", "title": "Foreign direct investment" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ravalli (Salish: sk̓ʷɫólqʷe, sk̓ʷɫʔó) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, Montana, United States. The population was 119 at the 2000 census. At one time Charlie Allard, the country's leading expert on breeding bison, owned the country's largest herd of buffalo in Ravalli.", "title": "Ravalli, Montana" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cape plc is a United Kingdom energy services company based in West Drayton, Middlesex. It was acquired by Altrad in September 2017.", "title": "Cape plc" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maureen O'Hara as Doris Walker John Payne as Frederick M. ``Fred ''Gailey Edmund Gwenn as Kris Kringle Gene Lockhart as The Hon. Henry X. Harper Natalie Wood as Susan Walker Porter Hall as Granville Sawyer William Frawley as Charlie Halloran Jerome Cowan as District Attorney Thomas Mara Philip Tonge as Julian Shellhammer", "title": "Miracle on 34th Street" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clear Water Bay Country Park is a rural country park located in the New Territories of eastern Hong Kong. The park is located near the beaches in Clear Water Bay. The 6.15 square kilometre park opened on 28 September 1979 with features like:", "title": "Clear Water Bay Country Park" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hackney", "id": 540655, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Charlie Harper >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Charlie Harper >> place of birth", "statement": "Charlie Harper was born in Hackney." }, { "answer": "Middlesex", "id": 782071, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Hackney >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Hackney is located in the county of Middlesex." }, { "answer": "United Kingdom", "id": 738598, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Middlesex >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "Middlesex is in the United Kingdom." } ]

[ "UK" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Neilson River flows into the territory of the municipality of Saint-Raymond, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Neilson River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Everybody Loves Raymond is an American sitcom television series created by Philip Rosenthal that aired on CBS from September 13, 1996 to May 16, 2005, with a total of 210 episodes spanning over nine seasons. It was produced by Where's Lunch and Worldwide Pants, in association with HBO Independent Productions. The cast members are Ray Romano, Patricia Heaton, Brad Garrett, Doris Roberts, Peter Boyle, Madylin Sweeten, and Monica Horan. Most episodes of the nine season series were filmed in front of a live studio audience, with few exceptions.", "title": "Everybody Loves Raymond" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Gram Swing (March 25, 1887 – December 22, 1968) was an American print and broadcast journalist. He was one of the most influential news commentators of his era, heard by people worldwide as a leading American voice from Britain during World War II. Known originally as Raymond Swing, he adopted his wife's last name in 1919 and became known as Raymond Gram Swing.", "title": "Raymond Gram Swing" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The show is centered on the life of an Italian - American everyman named Raymond Barone, a sportswriter for Newsday living with his family in Long Island. Beleaguered, diffident and dryly sarcastic, Raymond takes few things seriously, making jokes in nearly every situation, no matter how troubling or serious. He often avoids responsibilities around the house and with his kids, leaving this to wife Debra.", "title": "Everybody Loves Raymond" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katherine Marie Helmond (born July 5, 1929) is an American film, theater and television actress and director. In her five decades of television acting, she is known her starring role as the ditzy matriarch, Jessica Tate, on the ABC prime time soap opera sitcom, Soap (1977 -- 1981) and her co-starring role as feisty mother, Mona Robinson on Who's the Boss? (1984 -- 1992). She also played Doris Sherman on Coach and Lois Whelan on Everybody Loves Raymond. She has also appeared as a guest on several talk and variety shows.", "title": "Katherine Helmond" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margaret Emily Wheeler (née Jakobson; born August 7, 1961) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Janice on the sitcom Friends. She was also a recurring character on Everybody Loves Raymond as Linda and Anita Warrell on the sitcom Ellen.", "title": "Maggie Wheeler" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Group is an Indian branded fabric and fashion retailer, incorporated in 1925. It produces suiting fabric, with a capacity of producing 31 million meters of wool and wool - blended fabrics. Gautam Singhania is the chairman and managing director of the Raymond group.", "title": "Raymond Group" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Who's Making Love\" is a song written by Stax Records staffers Homer Banks, Bettye Crutcher, Don Davis and Raymond Jackson and recorded by singer Johnnie Taylor.", "title": "Who's Making Love" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The island is an exclave of Jersey City, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and in 1966, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island.", "title": "Liberty Island" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moosrambagh also Moosa Ram Bagh is an old suburb of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is named after the French military commander Monsieur Raymond who served the Nizams during the 18th century. His tomb Raymond's Tomb is located near Asman Garh Palace. The locality of \"Moosa-Ram-Bagh\" is named after him. Wherein, Bagh refers to \"a Garden\" as the area was once covered by huge greenery.", "title": "Moosarambagh" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Who's Making Love ''is a song written by Stax Records staffers Homer Banks, Bettye Crutcher, Don Davis and Raymond Jackson and recorded by singer Johnnie Taylor.", "title": "Who's Making Love" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond H. Burke was born in Nicholsville, Ohio, the son of Daniel Fletcher Burke and Mary Jane McNair. Fletcher Burke was born in Iowa and was a farmer, mechanic, and machinist who died in the Cincinnati flood of 1884; Mary McNair Burke died when Raymond was six. Raymond went to Clermont County, Ohio to live with his maternal grandparents. Hugh McNair was born in Scotland worked as a blacksmith and was later a postmaster in Clermont County. There Raymond Burke attended Jackson School and then worked on a farm and in the village while studying to teach in rural schools. He taught at Pendleton School near Point Pleasant, Ohio in 1899 and 1900. He was a student at Oberlin Academy (1900–02) and Oberlin College (1902–05) to get a teaching certificate and was graduated with a Bachelor of Science from the University of Chicago in 1906.", "title": "Raymond H. Burke" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond (formerly, Wildcat Station) is an unincorporated community in Madera County, California. It is located north-northeast of Madera, at an elevation of 948 feet (289 m).", "title": "Raymond, California" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Cordy (9 December 1898 – 23 April 1956) was a French film actor, born Raymond Cordiaux. He appeared in over a hundred and thirty films during his career.", "title": "Raymond Cordy" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monica Louise Horan (born January 29, 1963) is an American actress best known for her role as Amy MacDougall - Barone on the television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond.", "title": "Monica Horan" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Long Island, a large island directly south of New England, has made attempts in the past to secede from New York and become its own state. Mentions of Long Island secession range from 1896 to 2010. The proposed 51st state has also speculated the combination of Nassau and Suffolk counties into one county in order to reduce costs.", "title": "Long Island (proposed state)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a trick play in American football named after the 1886 Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World).", "title": "Statue of Liberty play" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond High School is a public secondary school located in the town of Raymond, Mississippi (United States). It is part of the Hinds County School District. As of 2005, the school had met all federal requirements under the No Child Left Behind Act and received an achievement index rank of \"3\" (successful) from the state of Mississippi. It is one of two regional high schools serving Hinds County. The principal is Lorenzo Grimes.", "title": "Raymond High School (Mississippi)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Long Island", "id": 61181, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "where does raymond live in everybody loves raymond", "raw_question": "where does raymond live in everybody loves raymond", "statement": "Raymond lives on Long Island." }, { "answer": "New York", "id": 677201, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Long Island >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "The Statue of Liberty was gifted to the state of New York." }, { "answer": "the people of France", "id": 90941, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "who gifted the statue of liberty of New York", "raw_question": "who gifted the statue of liberty of #2", "statement": "The people of France gifted the Statue of Liberty to New York." } ]

[ "France", "fr", "FRA", "FR" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "title": "Canada–United States border" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.", "title": "Kingdom of Gera" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mineral Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 886.", "title": "Mineral Township, Barry County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "title": "Notogawa, Shiga" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poovathani is a small village bordering Malappuram and Palakkad Districts in Kerala, India. It is shared by three grama panchayaths: Thachanattukara, Aliparamba] and Thazhekode.", "title": "Poovathani" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Team Number of wins Notes Most recent Western Province 34 Four shared 2017 Northern Transvaal / Blue Bulls 23 Four shared 2009 Transvaal / Gauteng Lions / Golden Lions 11 One shared 2015 Natal / Sharks 7 2013 Orange Free State / Free State Cheetahs 5 One shared 2016 Griqualand West / Griquas 1970 Border / Border Bulldogs Two shared 1934", "title": "Currie Cup" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The county lies in southern Hungary, on the border with Croatia. The River Drava forms part of its southern border, and the River Danube its eastern border. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, and Bács-Kiskun. The capital of Baranya county is Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "title": "Virginia, Lempira" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jimma Arjo is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It shares the name of one of the subgroups of the Oromo people, the Jimma Arjo. Part of the Misraq Welega Zone, Jimma Arjo is bordered on the southwest by the Didessa River which separates it from the Illubabor Zone, on the northwest by Diga Leka, on the northeast by Guto Wayu, and on the southeast by Nunu Kumba. The administrative center of this woreda is Arjo.", "title": "Jimma Arjo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "title": "Mount Bosworth" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.", "title": "Adaba (woreda)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Summertown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lawrence County, Tennessee with a small portion in both Lewis County and Maury County. The population of Summertown was 866 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Summertown, Tennessee" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east.", "title": "Amman Governorate" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kon Tum Province lies in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam and shares borders with Laos and Cambodia. It has an area of 9,934 square km and a population of approximately 530,000. The economy is primarily agricultural.", "title": "Kon Tum Province" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Monett is a city in Monett Township in Barry County and Pierce Township in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States. It is the most populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties, and the 83rd most populous in the State of Missouri. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. The population was 8,873 at the 2010 census. The population was estimated to have been 9,118 in 2018.", "title": "Monett, Missouri" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mingaladon Township ( ) is located in the northernmost part of Yangon, Myanmar. The township comprises 31 wards, and shares borders with Hmawbi Township in the north, North Okkalapa Township in the east, Insein Township and Shwepyitha Township in the west, and Mayangon Township in the south. Mingaladon is still relatively undeveloped and lacks basic municipal services.", "title": "Mingaladon Township" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Lucas AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Monterey County, California. It is located at the southern end of Salinas Valley, shares an eastern border with the Chalone AVA, and is bordered on the west by the Santa Lucia Range foothills. The appellation has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of California's AVAs. There is a current petition to designate the San Bernabe vineyard, located at the region's northern end, as its own AVA. The vineyard is currently the world's largest continuous vineyard.", "title": "San Lucas AVA" } ]

[ { "answer": "Barry County", "id": 313385, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Mineral Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Mineral Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Mineral Township is located in Barry County." }, { "answer": "Lawrence County", "id": 280480, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Barry County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#1 >> shares border with", "statement": "Barry County shares a border with Lawrence County." }, { "answer": "Maury County", "id": 194644, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Lawrence County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#2 >> shares border with", "statement": "Lawrence County shares a border with Maury County." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.", "title": "Republic of Užice" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "title": "Pettai, Karaikal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816.", "title": "Moorea-Maiao" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Stokes Millner MD (1830 – 25 February 1875) was a medical practitioner and administrator in the early history of the Northern Territory of Australia.", "title": "James Millner (doctor)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WUFL is a non-commercial Christian AM radio station in Sterling Heights, Michigan, operating on 1030 kHz. The station broadcasts with 5,000 watts, daytime only, with coverage of the Detroit, Michigan metropolitan area. WUFL is a Class D station operating on the clear-channel frequency of 1030 AM; WBZ in Boston, Massachusetts is the dominant Class A station on this frequency.", "title": "WUFL" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj.", "title": "Biłgoraj County" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States Federal Government. Unlike U.S. states and Native American tribes which exercise limited sovereignty alongside the federal government, territories are without sovereignty. The territories are classified by whether they are incorporated and whether they have an ``organized ''government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress.", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Barbel \"Barb\" Dempsey (January 13, 1948, ) the current mayor of Mount Clemens, Michigan, the county seat of Macomb County. An Independent, she is the city's third female mayor. As mayor, she initiated the Mount Clemens Downtown Program. Via this program, the city's downtown saw massive redevelopment, including repair of the County Building, the tallest structure in the county. She ran unopposed in the 2007 election and won by a massive landslide in the 2009 mayoral election against opponent Steve Ferdig. Dempsey and Mayor Karen Majewski of Hamtramck have been compared, as they are both female mayors of smaller Michigan cities with aging infrastructure and large amounts of urban decay. She also initiated a CCTV camera program.", "title": "Barb Dempsey" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sterling Heights is a city in Macomb County of the U.S. state of Michigan, and one of Detroit's core suburbs. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 129,699. It is the second largest suburb in Metro Detroit, and the fourth largest city in Michigan. Sterling Heights consistently ranks as the safest city in Michigan with population of over 100,000.", "title": "Sterling Heights, Michigan" } ]

[ { "answer": "Sterling Heights", "id": 519595, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "WUFL >> licensed to broadcast to", "raw_question": "WUFL >> licensed to broadcast to", "statement": "WUFL is licensed to broadcast to Sterling Heights." }, { "answer": "Macomb County", "id": 770122, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Sterling Heights >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "The county seat of Macomb County is unknown." }, { "answer": "Mount Clemens", "id": 725834, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Macomb County >> contains administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#2 >> contains administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Mount Clemens is the county seat of Macomb County." } ]

[ "Mount Clemens, Michigan" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alonzo Garcelon (May 6, 1813 – December 8, 1906) was the 36th Governor of Maine, and a surgeon general of Maine during the American Civil War.", "title": "Alonzo Garcelon" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Milton Smith (October 24, 1823November 25, 1890) was a Confederate infantry colonel in the American Civil War, as well as a post-war Governor of Georgia. He was noted as an ardent opponent of Radical Reconstruction.", "title": "James Milton Smith" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roswell Farnham (July 23, 1827January 5, 1903) was an American politician of the Republican Party, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, a lawyer, and the 38th Governor of Vermont.", "title": "Roswell Farnham" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The region also experiences occasional periods of drought, during which the city sometimes has restricted water use by residents. During the late summer and early fall, Raleigh can experience hurricanes. In 1996, Hurricane Fran caused severe damage in the Raleigh area, mostly from falling trees. The most recent hurricane to have a considerable effect on the area was Isabel in 2003. Tornadoes also have on occasion affected the city of Raleigh most notably the November 28, 1988 tornado which occurred in the early morning hours and rated an F4 on the Fujita Tornado Scale and affected Northwestern portions of the city. Also the April 16, 2011 F3 Tornado which affected portions of downtown and North east Raleigh and the suburb of Holly Springs.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the period in which most tornadoes strike (``tornado season '') is March through June, tornadoes - including violent tornadoes and major tornado outbreaks - have been documented in the United States during every month of the year. Two examples of this are when a series of tornadoes hit the state of Indiana on November 22, 1992, and injured at least nine people. Another notable non-season tornado was where a tornado struck the area of McLean County, Illinois. Even though the tornado was during a winter month, it blew 20 railroad cars off their tracks, and hauled a camper over 100 yards (91 m).", "title": "Tornadoes in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Sprague IV (September 12, 1830September 11, 1915) was the 27th Governor of Rhode Island from 1860 to 1863, and U.S. Senator from 1863 to 1875. He participated in the First Battle of Bull Run during the American Civil War while he was a sitting Governor.", "title": "William Sprague IV" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Like many American cities, Philadelphia saw a gradual yet pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II. There were 525 murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. There were an average of about 600 murders a year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose four years later to 406 in 2006 and 392 in 2007. A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid drop in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, there were 246 murders, which is a decrease of over 25% from the previous year, and a decrease of over 44% since 2007. And in 2014, there were 248 homicides, up by one since 2013.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in late summer and early autumn. Due to its situation along the North Atlantic, the city often receives sea breezes, especially in the late spring, when water temperatures are still quite cold and temperatures at the coast can be more than 20 °F (11 °C) colder than a few miles inland, sometimes dropping by that amount near midday. Thunderstorms occur from May to September, that are occasionally severe with large hail, damaging winds and heavy downpours. Although downtown Boston has never been struck by a violent tornado, the city itself has experienced many tornado warnings. Damaging storms are more common to areas north, west, and northwest of the city. Boston has a relatively sunny climate for a coastal city at its latitude, averaging over 2,600 hours of sunshine per annum.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As an example, Santiago de Compostela, the political capital city, has an average of 129 rainy days and 1,362 millimetres (53.6 in) per year (with just 17 rainy days in the three summer months) and 2,101 sunlight hours per year, with just 6 days with frosts per year. But the colder city of Lugo, to the east, has an average of 1,759 sunlight hours per year, 117 days with precipitations (> 1 mm) totalling 901.54 millimetres (35.5 in), and 40 days with frosts per year. The more mountainous parts of the provinces of Ourense and Lugo receive significant snowfall during the winter months. The sunniest city is Pontevedra with 2,223 sunny hours per year.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Milton Thayer (January 24, 1820March 19, 1906) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a postbellum United States Senator from Nebraska. Thayer served as Governor of Wyoming Territory and Governor of Nebraska.", "title": "John Milton Thayer" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City has a very active severe weather season from March through June, especially during April and May. Being in the center of what is colloquially referred to as Tornado Alley, it is prone to especially frequent and severe tornadoes, as well as very severe hailstorms and occasional derechoes. Tornadoes have occurred in every month of the year and a secondary smaller peak also occurs during autumn, especially October. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area is one of the most tornado-prone major cities in the world, with about 150 tornadoes striking within the city limits since 1890. Since the time weather records have been kept, Oklahoma City has been struck by thirteen violent tornadoes, eleven F/EF4s and two F/EF5. On May 3, 1999 parts of southern Oklahoma City and nearby suburban communities suffered from one of the most powerful tornadoes on record, an F5 on the Fujita scale, with wind speeds estimated by radar at 318 mph (510 km/h). On May 20, 2013, far southwest Oklahoma City, along with Newcastle and Moore, was hit again by a EF5 tornado; it was 0.5 to 1.3 miles (0.80 to 2.09 km) wide and killed 23 people. Less than two weeks later, on May 31, another outbreak affected the Oklahoma City area, including an EF1 and an EF0 within the city and a tornado several miles west of the city that was 2.6 miles (4.2 km) in width, the widest tornado ever recorded.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade while Canada reports nearly 100 annually (largely in the southern regions). However, the UK has most tornadoes per area per year, 0.14 per 1000 km2, although these tornadoes are generally weak, and many other European countries have a similar number of tornadoes per area.", "title": "Tornado climatology" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Byington Mitchell (April 4, 1823January 26, 1882) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and the Governor of the New Mexico Territory from 1866 to 1869.", "title": "Robert Byington Mitchell" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nebraska is fifth overall for sheer numbers of tornadoes, while Indiana has had 88 violent tornado reports from the 1950 -- 2006 period, more than any state except Oklahoma. Iowa reported 3'900 almost as many as Texas. The deadliest tornado in US history, the Tri-State Tornado, struck Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana in March 1925. St. Louis, Missouri and neighboring East St. Louis, Illinois have been hit more than once by violent tornadoes, the most notorious of which was the St. Louis Tornado of May 1896. The New Richmond Tornado of May 1899 and the Flint, Michigan tornado of June 1953 also rank amongst the deadliest tornadoes in US history. The region was badly hit by the Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak in April 1965 and by the Super Outbreak of April 1974. According to NCDC figures for the 1950 to 2006 period, Nebraska reported 2,440 tornadoes followed by Iowa (2,185), Illinois (2,086), Missouri (1,922), South Dakota (1,487), Minnesota (1,477), Indiana (1,327), North Dakota (1,216), Wisconsin (1,185), Michigan (981), and Ohio (916).", "title": "Tornadoes in the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date. This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "North Carolina averages fewer than 20 tornadoes per year, many of them produced by hurricanes or tropical storms along the coastal plain. Tornadoes from thunderstorms are a risk, especially in the eastern part of the state. The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east. Also a weather phenomenon known as \"cold air damming\" often occurs in the northwestern part of the state, which can also weaken storms but can also lead to major ice events in winter.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North.", "title": "Zebulon Baird Vance" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir John Stawell or Stowell (29 August 1600 – 21 February 1662) of Cothelstone in Somerset, was an English Member of Parliament and Royalist governor of Taunton during the English Civil War.", "title": "John Stawell" } ]

[ { "answer": "Zebulon Baird Vance", "id": 22527, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?", "raw_question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?", "statement": "Zebulon Baird Vance was the governor during the Civil War." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 146265, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "In what city did Zebulon Baird Vance die?", "raw_question": "In what city did #1 die?", "statement": "Zebulon Baird Vance died in North Carolina." }, { "answer": "fewer than 20", "id": 24534, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "How many tornadoes does North Carolina have per year?", "raw_question": "How many tornadoes does #2 have per year?", "statement": "North Carolina has fewer than 20 tornadoes per year." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The conservation - restoration of the Statue of Liberty spanned from 1984 to 1986. The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi) is a colossal monument on Liberty Island in New York Harbor and is a part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Much of the restoration effort was based on unprecedented restorative methods, owing largely to the fact that metallurgical repair work on such a scale had never been attempted before. Many professional scientists and engineers, government organizations and various consultants were called in to evaluate and deal with the various problems and tasks facing the restoration effort.", "title": "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first director of the NRA was Hugh S. Johnson, a retired United States Army general and a successful businessman. He was named Time magazine's ``Man of the Year ''in 1933. Johnson saw the NRA as a national crusade designed to restore employment and regenerate industry.", "title": "National Recovery Administration" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World Location Liberty Island Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. Coordinates 40 ° 41 ′ 21 ''N 74 ° 2 ′ 40'' W  /  40.68917 ° N 74.04444 ° W  / 40.68917; - 74.04444 Coordinates: 40 ° 41 ′ 21 ''N 74 ° 2 ′ 40'' W  /  40.68917 ° N 74.04444 ° W  / 40.68917; - 74.04444 Height Height of copper statue (to torch): 151 feet 1 inch (46 meters) From ground level to torch: 305 feet 1 inch (93 meters) Dedicated October 28, 1886 Restored 1938, 1984 -- 1986, 2011 -- 2012 Sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi Visitors 3.2 million (in 2009) Governing body U.S. National Park Service Website Statue of Liberty National Monument UNESCO World Heritage Site Type Cultural Criteria i, vi Designated 1984 (8th session) Reference no. 307 State Party United States Region Europe and North America U.S. National Monument Designated October 15, 1924 Designated by President Calvin Coolidge U.S. National Register of Historic Places Official name: Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island Designated October 15, 1966 Reference no. 66000058 New Jersey Register of Historic Places Designated May 27, 1971 Reference no. 1535 New York City Landmark Type Individual Designated September 14, 1976 Location of Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in New York City Statue of Liberty (New York) Statue of Liberty (the US) Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a trick play in American football named after the 1886 Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World).", "title": "Statue of Liberty play" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\".", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tito was interred in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called \"Museum 25 May\" and \"Museum of the Revolution\"). The actual mausoleum is called House of Flowers (Kuća Cveća) and numerous people visit the place as a shrine to \"better times\". The museum keeps the gifts Tito received during his presidency. The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others. The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia. At the time of his death, speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together. Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955. After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1956, an Act of Congress officially renamed Bedloe's Island as Liberty Island, a change advocated by Bartholdi generations earlier. The act also mentioned the efforts to found an American Museum of Immigration on the island, which backers took as federal approval of the project, though the government was slow to grant funds for it. Nearby Ellis Island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument by proclamation of President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. In 1972, the immigration museum, in the statue's base, was finally opened in a ceremony led by President Richard Nixon. The museum's backers never provided it with an endowment to secure its future and it closed in 1991 after the opening of an immigration museum on Ellis Island.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was \"not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances\". Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito, notably Tito Square in Velenje, incorporating a 10-meter statue.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World Location Liberty Island Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. Coordinates 40 ° 41 ′ 21 ''N 74 ° 2 ′ 40'' W  /  40.68917 ° N 74.04444 ° W  / 40.68917; - 74.04444 Coordinates: 40 ° 41 ′ 21 ''N 74 ° 2 ′ 40'' W  /  40.68917 ° N 74.04444 ° W  / 40.68917; - 74.04444 Height Height of copper statue (to torch): 151 feet 1 inch (46 meters) From ground level to torch: 305 feet 1 inch (93 meters) Dedicated October 28, 1886 Restored 1938, 1984 -- 1986, 2011 -- 2012 Sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi Visitors 3.2 million (in 2009) Governing body U.S. National Park Service Website Statue of Liberty National Monument UNESCO World Heritage Site Type Cultural Criteria i, vi Designated 1984 (8th session) Reference no. 307 State Party United States Region Europe and North America U.S. National Monument Designated October 15, 1924 Designated by President Calvin Coolidge U.S. National Register of Historic Places Official name: Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island Designated October 15, 1966 Reference no. 66000058 New Jersey Register of Historic Places Designated May 27, 1971 Reference no. 1535 New York City Landmark Type Individual Designated September 14, 1976 Location of Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in New York City Location of Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in New York City Location of Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in New York City Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted \"Tito murderer\" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A presentation tablet, also bearing Bartholdi's name, declares the statue is a gift from the people of the Republic of France that honors \"the Alliance of the two Nations in achieving the Independence of the United States of America and attests their abiding friendship.\"", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The New Colossus\" tablet is accompanied by a tablet given by the Emma Lazarus Commemorative Committee in 1977, celebrating the poet's life.A group of statues stands at the western end of the island, honoring those closely associated with the Statue of Liberty. Two Americans—Pulitzer and Lazarus—and three Frenchmen—Bartholdi, Eiffel, and Laboulaye—are depicted. They are the work of Maryland sculptor Phillip Ratner.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bartholdi and Laboulaye considered how best to express the idea of American liberty. In early American history, two female figures were frequently used as cultural symbols of the nation. One of these symbols, the personified Columbia, was seen as an embodiment of the United States in the manner that Britannia was identified with the United Kingdom and Marianne came to represent France. Columbia had supplanted the traditional European personification of the Americas as an \"Indian princess\", which had come to be regarded as uncivilized and derogatory toward Americans. The other significant female icon in American culture was a representation of Liberty, derived from Libertas, the goddess of freedom widely worshipped in ancient Rome, especially among emancipated slaves. A Liberty figure adorned most American coins of the time, and representations of Liberty appeared in popular and civic art, including Thomas Crawford's Statue of Freedom (1863) atop the dome of the United States Capitol Building.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Son of the prominent lawyer Hema Henry Basnayake, QC; he was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and graduated with a first class in law from the University of Oxford. After qualifying as a barrister he joined the UN as a Legal Officer in the International Trade Law Branch of the Office of Legal Affairs, eventually becoming its Director. Appointed as a President's Counsel by the government of Sri Lanka, he has served in many committees of the UN.", "title": "Sinha Basnayake" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The island is an exclave of Jersey City, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and in 1966, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island.", "title": "Liberty Island" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 7, 2016, construction started on a new Statue of Liberty museum on Liberty Island. The new $70 million, 26,000 - square - foot (2,400 m) museum will be able to accommodate all of the island's visitors when it opens in 2019, as opposed to the current museum, which only 20% of the island's visitors can visit. The original torch will be relocated here, and in addition to exhibits relating to the statue's construction and history, there will be a theater where visitors can watch an aerial view of the statue. The museum, designed by FXFOWLE Architects, will integrate with the parkland around it. It is being funded privately by Diane von Fürstenberg, Michael Bloomberg, Jeff Bezos, Coca - Cola, NBCUniversal, the family of Laurence Tisch and Preston Robert Tisch, Mellody Hobson, and George Lucas. Von Fürstenberg heads the fundraising for the museum, and the project had garnered more than $40 million in fundraising as of groundbreaking.", "title": "Statue of Liberty" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coming of the White Man is an outdoor bronze sculpture by American artist Hermon Atkins MacNeil, located in Washington Park, Portland, Oregon in the United States. The statue, gifted to the City of Portland in 1904 by former mayor David P. Thompson and installed the following year, depicts two Native American men, including Chief Multnomah, looking towards the Columbia River upon the arrival of Lewis and Clark.", "title": "Coming of the White Man" } ]

[ { "answer": "UN", "id": 247266, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Sinha Basnayake >> employer", "raw_question": "Sinha Basnayake >> employer", "statement": "Sinha Basnayake's employer is the UN." }, { "answer": "New York", "id": 8995, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What American state did Tito visit when he saw the UN ?", "raw_question": "What American state did Tito visit when he saw the #1 ?", "statement": "Tito visited the state of New York when he saw the UN." }, { "answer": "the people of France", "id": 90941, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "who gifted the statue of liberty of New York", "raw_question": "who gifted the statue of liberty of #2", "statement": "The people of France gifted the Statue of Liberty to New York." } ]

[ "France", "fr", "Republic of France", "FRA", "FR" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite having a growing middle class numbering over 70 million, a large portion of the country's population remains poor. Poverty, unemployment and a population boom contribute to Pakistan's current social problems. As of 2008, over 17% of the total population was found abjectly living below the poverty line while the unemployment rate, as of 2010, lumbered up to an unprecedented 15%. Poor governance and political insecurity have further added to the issues faced by the average", "title": "Standard of living in Pakistan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poverty is a significant issue in India, despite being one of the fastest - growing economies in the world, clocked at a growth rate of 7.11% in 2015, and a sizable consumer economy. The World Bank reviewed and proposed revisions on May 2014, to its poverty calculation methodology and purchasing power parity basis for measuring poverty worldwide. According to this revised methodology, the world had 872.3 million people below the new poverty line, of which 179.6 million people lived in India. In other words, India with 17.5% of total world's population, had 20.6% share of world's poorest in 2011. As of 2014, 58% of the total population were living on less than $3.10 per day. According to the Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP) concept proposed by World Bank in 2015, India's poverty rate for period 2011 - 12 stood at 12.4% of the total population, or about 172 million people; taking the revised poverty line as $1.90.", "title": "Poverty in India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Succeeding the EOS 5D Mark III, it was announced on 25 August 2016. The Mark IV went on sale in September 2016 with a retail price of $3,499 in the US, £3,599 in the UK, and €4,129 in the Eurozone.", "title": "Canon EOS 5D Mark IV" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 13 January 25, 2016 (2016 - 01 - 25) April 25, 2016 (2016 - 04 - 25) 18 September 19, 2016 (2016 - 09 - 19) May 29, 2017 (2017 - 05 - 29) 26 October 2, 2017 (2017 - 10 - 02) TBA", "title": "List of Lucifer episodes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $24,729, and the median income for a family was $29,722. Males had a median income of $24,861 versus $17,433 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,440. 22.60% of the population and 18.40% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 32.00% of those under the age of 18 and 16.70% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.", "title": "Barbour County, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The medication was not readily available globally as of 2015. It was believed that pricing will be similar to bedaquiline, which for six months is approximately US$900 in low income countries, US$3,000 in middle income countries, and US$30,000 in high income countries. As of 2016 the Stop TB Partnership had an agreement to get the medication for US$1,700 per six month.", "title": "Delamanid" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "25 North Colonnade is a commercial building in Canary Wharf, London formerly occupied by the Financial Conduct Authority, after having been solely occupied by its predecessor, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) until early 2013. It is tall, with 15 floors. Built in 1991, its developer was the Canary Wharf Group, and its architect was Troughton McAslan.", "title": "25 North Colonnade" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.", "title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long - distance sled dog race run in early March from Anchorage to Nome, entirely within the US state of Alaska. Mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8 -- 15 days or more. The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race. Then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by Dallas Seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds. As of 2012, Dallas Seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25. In 2017, at the age of 57, Dallas's father, Mitch Seavey, is the oldest and fastest person ever to win the race, crossing the line in Nome in 8 days, 3 hours, 40 minutes and 13 seconds. Dallas finished second, two hours and 44 minutes behind.", "title": "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Toronto Argonauts (officially the Toronto Argonaut Football Club, commonly referred to as the Argos) are a professional Canadian football team competing in the East Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Based in Toronto, Ontario, the team was founded in 1873, and is the oldest existing professional sports team in North America still using its original name, and they are the oldest-surviving team in both the modern-day CFL and East Division. The team's origins date back to a modified version of rugby football that emerged in North America in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The Argonauts played their home games at Rogers Centre from 1989 until 2016 when the team moved to BMO Field, the fifth stadium site to host the team.", "title": "Toronto Argonauts" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington) and the United States (Chicago area on the Metra Electric district and the South Shore Line interurban line). In Slovakia, there are two narrow-gauge lines in the High Tatras (one a cog railway). In Portugal, it is used in the Cascais Line and in Denmark on the suburban S-train system.", "title": "Railway electrification system" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city was $31,406, and the median income for a family was $40,250. Males had a median income of $27,614 versus $20,536 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,554. 8.8% of the population and 3.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 10.1% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.", "title": "Birmingham, Iowa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Below Poverty Line is an economic benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states. The present criteria are based on a survey conducted in 2002. Going into a survey due for a decade, India's central government is undecided on criteria to identify families below poverty line.", "title": "Below Poverty Line" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dust Bowl forced tens of thousands of poverty - stricken families to abandon their farms, unable to pay mortgages or grow crops, and losses reached US $25 million per day by 1936 (equivalent to US $440,000,000 in 2017). Many of these families, who were often known as ``Okies ''because so many of them came from Oklahoma, migrated to California and other states to find that the Great Depression had rendered economic conditions there little better than those they had left.", "title": "Dust Bowl" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $27,066, and the median income for a family was $32,431. Males had a median income of $27,906 versus $18,733 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,933. 19.90% of the population and 16.30% of families were below the poverty line. 27.00% of those under the age of 18 and 11.20% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.", "title": "Lewis County, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the Continental Divide and including extensive branch and loop lines in Montana, and by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (now New Jersey Transit, converted to 25 kV AC) in the United States, and the Kolkata suburban railway (Bardhaman Main Line) in India, before it was converted to 25 kV 50 Hz AC.", "title": "Railway electrification system" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ringwood North is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 25 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District. Its local government area is the City of Maroondah. At the 2016 Census, Ringwood North had a population of 9,832.", "title": "Ringwood North, Victoria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The most common measure for poverty, as used in the Child Poverty Act 2010, is' household income below 60 percent of median income '. The median is such an income that exactly a half of households earn more than that and the other half earns less.", "title": "Poverty in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $36,378. Males had a median income of $36,420 versus $32,327 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,938. About 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line.", "title": "Buckingham County, Virginia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Martin Wheatley is a British financier, formerly managing director of the Consumer and Markets Business Unit of the Financial Services Authority in the UK, and is the former CEO of the Financial Conduct Authority.", "title": "Martin Wheatley" } ]

[ { "answer": "Financial Conduct Authority", "id": 157534, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What team uses 25 North Colonnade?", "raw_question": "What team uses 25 North Colonnade?", "statement": "The Financial Conduct Authority uses 25 North Colonnade." }, { "answer": "UK", "id": 275705, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Financial Conduct Authority >> country", "raw_question": "#1 >> country", "statement": "The Financial Conduct Authority is located in the UK." }, { "answer": "income below 60 percent of median income", "id": 72517, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "what is the poverty line in the UK 2016", "raw_question": "what is the poverty line in the #2 2016", "statement": "The poverty line in the UK in 2016 was income below 60 percent of median income." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336 m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's Landmark 81 and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272 m, also, third tallest in Vietnam).", "title": "Hanoi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paul Cheng Ming-fun, JP (born 19 October 1936, Xiamen) is a Hong Kong entrepreneur and politician. He was first appointed to Legislative Council in 1988 and was the LegCo member for the Commercial (First) constituency (1995–97) and also the Provisional Legislative Council (1996–98). He was the chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce from 1992 to 1994 and honorary steward of the Hong Kong Jockey Club.", "title": "Paul Cheng" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orlando International Airport (IATA: MCO, ICAO: KMCO, FAA LID: MCO) is a major public airport located six miles (10 km) southeast of Downtown Orlando, Florida, United States. In 2017, MCO handled 44,611,265 passengers, making it the busiest airport in the state of Florida and the eleventh - busiest airport in the United States.", "title": "Orlando International Airport" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The YPF tower is a corporate high-rise building designed by internationally recognized architect César Pelli constructed in the Puerto Madero \"barrio\" (district) of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Construction began in 2005, and the office building was completed in September 2008. The building is tall and has 44 floors. It was, upon completion in 2008, the tallest office building in Argentina, and the third tallest overall. The building is located on the corner of Macacha Güemes and Juana Manso streets, in the Puerto Madero ward.", "title": "Repsol-YPF tower" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport (commonly known as Winnipeg International Airport or simply Winnipeg Airport) is an international airport located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is the seventh busiest airport in Canada by passenger traffic, serving 4,305,744 passengers in 2017, and the 11th busiest airport by aircraft movements. It is a hub for passenger airlines Calm Air, Perimeter Airlines, Flair Airlines, and cargo airline Cargojet. It is also a focus city for WestJet. The airport is co-located with Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg.", "title": "Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are 47 public airports in Spain. The busiest one is the airport of Madrid (Barajas), with 50 million passengers in 2011, being the world's 15th busiest airport, as well as the European Union's fourth busiest. The airport of Barcelona (El Prat) is also important, with 35 million passengers in 2011, being the world's 31st-busiest airport. Other main airports are located in Majorca (23 million passengers), Málaga (13 million passengers), Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) (11 million passengers), Alicante (10 million passengers) and smaller, with the number of passengers between 4 and 10 million, for example Tenerife (two airports), Valencia, Seville, Bilbao, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura. Also, more than 30 airports with the number of passengers below 4 million.", "title": "Spain" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Diego International Airport the busiest single runway airport in the world; Van Nuys Airport, the world's busiest general aviation airport; major commercial airports at Orange County, Bakersfield, Ontario, Burbank and Long Beach; and numerous smaller commercial and general aviation airports.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast. Breetsky was the third building, which was surpassed by Tokyo in 1987.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Canadian Place (originally First Bank Building) is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global operational headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At , it is Canada's tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top (spires) and 9th highest to the roof top, and the 105th tallest in the world. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the CN Tower (also in Toronto) and the Inco Superstack chimney in Sudbury, Ontario. The building is owned by Brookfield Office Properties, putting it in co-ownership with the neighbouring Exchange Tower and Bay Adelaide Centre as well as various other office spaces across Downtown Toronto.", "title": "First Canadian Place" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hoftoren (, \"Court Tower\"), nicknamed \"De Vulpen\" (, \"The Fountain Pen\") is a 29-storey, building in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the third-tallest building in the city, and the eighth-tallest in the country. The Hoftoren was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) in New York City, and built by Heijmans Bouw BV, and is home to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (Netherlands) (the latter having taken up temporary residence in the Hoftoren in 2012) of the Netherlands.", "title": "Hoftoren" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cordner–Calder House at 305 S. 900 E. in Orem, Utah was built in 1894 by William Cordner. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The listing included two contributing buildings.", "title": "Cordner–Calder House" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France. Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened. There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huntridge Theater sometimes known as the Huntridge Performing Arts Theater is a Streamline Moderne building located in Las Vegas, Nevada that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. The building was designed by S. Charles Lee.", "title": "Huntridge Theater" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these three airports in 2012, and the city's airspace is the busiest in the nation. JFK and Newark Liberty were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers, respectively, in 2012; as of 2011, JFK was the busiest airport for international passengers in North America. Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The development of skyscrapers over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego is attributed to the construction of the El Cortez Hotel in 1927, the tallest building in the city from 1927 to 1963. As time went on multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the Union Bank of California Building and Symphony Towers. Currently the tallest building in San Diego is One America Plaza, standing 500 feet (150 m) tall, which was completed in 1991. The downtown skyline contains no super-talls, as a regulation put in place by the Federal Aviation Administration in the 1970s set a 500 feet (152 m) limit on the height of buildings due to the proximity of San Diego International Airport. An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of a toolbox.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This list of tallest buildings in Xiamen ranks skyscrapers in the southeastern coastal city of Xiamen, China by height. Xiamen is sub-provincial city under Fujian province it became one of China's earliest Special Economic Zones in the 1980s. The tallest building in Xiamen is currently Xiamen International Centre which rises 339.88 m.", "title": "List of tallest buildings in Xiamen" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1201 Third Avenue (formerly Washington Mutual Tower) is a , 55-story skyscraper in Downtown Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is the second-tallest building in the city, the eighth-tallest on the West Coast of the United States, and the 74th-tallest in the United States. Developed by Wright Runstad & Company, construction began in 1986 and finished in 1988. 1201 Third Avenue was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates and The McKinley Architects. The building was the world headquarters of the financial company Washington Mutual from the building's opening until 2006, when the company moved across the street to the WaMu Center (renamed the Russell Investments Center after the bank collapsed in 2008).", "title": "1201 Third Avenue" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2017, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was China's third-busiest and world's 13th-busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 65,806,977 passengers handled. As for cargo traffic, the airport was China's third-busiest and the 19th-busiest worldwide. Baiyun airport was also the third-busiest airport in China in terms of aircraft movements.", "title": "Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Iskandar Muda\", Acehnese: \"Bandar Udara Antar Nanggroë Sultan Iskandar Muda\"), also called Banda Aceh International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Banda Aceh\") is the airport located 13,5 kilometres southeast of the capital of Aceh province, Banda Aceh. It is named after the twelfth sultan of Aceh, Iskandar Muda. This airport was formerly called Blangbintang Airport (Indonesian: Bandara Blangbintang), referred to its location in a subdistrict with same name. This airport is listed as the 23rd busiest airport in Indonesia.", "title": "Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport" } ]

[ { "answer": "Xiamen", "id": 797296, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Paul Cheng >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Paul Cheng >> place of birth", "statement": "Paul Cheng was born in Xiamen." }, { "answer": "China", "id": 457303, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "list of tallest buildings in Xiamen >> country", "raw_question": "list of tallest buildings in #1 >> country", "statement": "The country with a list of the tallest buildings in the birthplace of Paul Cheng is China." }, { "answer": "Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport", "id": 162423, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What is China 's third busiest airport?", "raw_question": "What is #2 's third busiest airport?", "statement": "Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport is China's third busiest airport." } ]

[ "CAN", "Baiyun Airport" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Woman with a Hat (\"La femme au chapeau\") is a painting by Henri Matisse. An oil on canvas, it depicts Matisse's wife, Amelie. It was painted in 1905 and exhibited at the Salon d'Automne during the fall of the same year, along with works by André Derain, Maurice de Vlaminck and several other artists known as \"Fauves\".", "title": "Woman with a Hat" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Moritz Cohn FRS (8 January 1924 – 20 April 2006) was Astor Professor of Mathematics at University College London, 1986-9, and author of many textbooks on algebra. His work was mostly in the area of algebra, especially non-commutative rings.", "title": "Paul Cohn" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. An effect of the law was to exclude non-Whites from living in the most developed areas, which were restricted to Whites (e.g., Sea Point, Lansdowne, Cape Town, Claremont, Cape Town). It caused many non-Whites to have to commute large distances from their homes in order to be able to work. The law led to non-Whites being forcibly removed for living in the ``wrong ''areas. The non-white majority were given much smaller areas (e.g., Tongaat, Grassy Park) to live in than the white minority who owned most of the country. Pass Laws required that non-Whites carry pass books, and later 'reference books' (similar to passports) to enter the 'white' parts of the country.", "title": "Group Areas Act" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Migraine is the first book written by Oliver Sacks, a well-known neurologist and author with a practice in New York City. The book was written in 1967, mostly over a nine-day period, and first published in 1970. A revised and updated version was published in 1990. (In the 1990 revised edition, the last chapter \"Migraine Aura and Hallucinatory Constants\" was written in collaboration with Ralph M. Siegel.)", "title": "Migraine (book)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hat Makes the Man (1920) is a collage by the German dadaist/surrealist Max Ernst. It is composed of cut out images of hats from catalogues linked by gouache and pencil outlines to create abstract anthropomorphic figures. There are inscriptions in ink that read \"seed-covered stacked-up man seedless waterformer ('edelformer') well fitting nervous system also tightly fitting nerves! (the hat makes the man) (style is the tailor).\" The idea for this work began as a sculpture made from wooden hat molds.", "title": "The Hat Makes the Man" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1950, whites represented 94.7% of Boston's population. From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time. However, in recent years the city has experienced significant gentrification, in which affluent whites have moved into formerly non-white areas. In 2006, the US Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic whites again formed a slight majority. But as of 2010, in part due to the housing crash, as well as increased efforts to make more affordable housing more available, the minority population has rebounded. This may also have to do with an increased Latino population and more clarity surrounding US Census statistics, which indicate a Non-Hispanic White population of 47 percent (some reports give slightly lower figures).", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 44.16% black or African American, 26.68% White, 0.48% Native American, 10.40% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 13.76% other races, and 4.47% from two or more races. 24.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.44% of the population was non-Hispanic whites.", "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 520,116 people, 229,762 households, and 112,455 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,500.1 inhabitants per square mile (965.3/km²). There were 209,609 housing units at an average density of 1,076.7 per square mile (415.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.7% White (down from 94.8% in 1970), 5.0% Black or African-American, 2.7% Native American, 2.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 16.9% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.6% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 47.2% of the population in 2010, down from 72.8% in 1970.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the 2009 American Community Survey, White Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population. However, non-Hispanic whites formed under one-eighth (12.1%) of the population, down from 34.4% in 1980. Out of all five boroughs, the Bronx has the lowest number and percentage of white residents. 320,640 whites called the Bronx home, of which 168,570 were non-Hispanic whites. The majority of the non-Hispanic European American population is of Italian and Irish descent. People of Italian descent numbered over 55,000 individuals and made up 3.9% of the population. People of Irish descent numbered over 43,500 individuals and made up 3.1% of the population. German Americans and Polish Americans made up 1.4% and 0.8% of the population respectively.", "title": "The Bronx" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales is a 1985 book by neurologist Oliver Sacks describing the case histories of some of his patients. Sacks chose the title of the book from the case study of one of his patients which he names \"Dr. P\" that has visual agnosia\",\" a neurological condition that leaves him unable to recognize even familiar faces and objects\". Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat\" became the basis of an opera of the same name by Michael Nyman, which premiered in 1986.", "title": "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) White, 40,960 (8.3%) African American, 8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528 (12.6%) Asian (3.6% Hmong, 1.7% Indian, 1.2% Filipino, 1.2% Laotian, 1.0% Thai, 0.8% Cambodian, 0.7% Chinese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean), 849 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 111,984 (22.6%) from other races, and 24,513 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232,055 persons (46.9%). Among the Hispanic population, 42.7% of the total population are Mexican, 0.4% Salvadoran, and 0.4% Puerto Rican. Non-Hispanic Whites were 30.0% of the population in 2010, down from 72.6% in 1970.", "title": "Fresno, California" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every Man Dies Alone or Alone in Berlin () is a 1947 novel by German author Hans Fallada. It is based on the true story of a working class husband and wife who, acting alone, became part of the German Resistance. Fallada's book was one of the first anti-Nazi novels to be published by a German after World War II.", "title": "Every Man Dies Alone" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Collective for Living Cinema was an outpost of avant-garde cinema located on White Street in Lower Manhattan in the United States of America. It regularly presented work by filmmakers such as Ken Jacobs, Johan van der Keuken, Yvonne Rainer, Christine Vachon, Dziga Vertov and many others who created films that were outside of the commercial mainstream in the United States. It also published a number of scholarly journals on film. Many of the founders studied film at Binghamton University together, where they developed a particular interest in the avant-garde.", "title": "Collective for Living Cinema" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of July 2016, White Americans are the racial majority. African Americans are the largest racial minority, amounting to an estimated 12.7% of the population. Hispanic and Latino Americans amount to an estimated 17.8% of the total U.S. population, making up the largest ethnic minority. The White, non-Hispanic or Latino population make up 61.3% of the nation's total, with the total White population (including White Hispanics and Latinos) being 76.9%.", "title": "Race and ethnicity in the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1940, non-Hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization had been drawing off many of the wealthier residents to outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development in the Center City and University City areas of the city. After many of the old manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to more aggressively market itself as a tourist destination. Glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in Center City. Historic areas such as Independence National Historical Park located in Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s. They are now among the most desirable living areas of Center City. This has slowed the city's 40-year population decline after it lost nearly one-quarter of its population.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent of Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats. The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative. As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections. In 2009, Houston became the first U.S. city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing Annise Parker.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lewis is an aspiring 12 - year - old inventor at an orphanage whose inventions have been scaring off potential parents. He decides that his mother, who abandoned him at the orphanage as an infant, is the only one who ever truly loved him and works on a machine to scan his memory to locate her. Taking his memory scanner to his school's science fair, Lewis meets 13 - year - old Wilbur Robinson, a mysterious boy claiming to be a time cop from the future. Wilbur needs to recover a time machine that a man wearing a bowler hat has stolen. Lewis tries to demonstrate the scanner, but it has been sabotaged and falls apart, throwing the science fair into chaos. Upset, Lewis leaves while the Bowler Hat Guy, with the help of a robotic bowler hat named Doris, repairs and steals the scanner.", "title": "Meet the Robinsons" } ]

[ { "answer": "Oliver Sacks", "id": 328682, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat >> author", "raw_question": "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat >> author", "statement": "Oliver Sacks was the author of The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat." }, { "answer": "New York City", "id": 604325, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Oliver Sacks >> work location", "raw_question": "#1 >> work location", "statement": "Oliver Sacks worked in New York City." }, { "answer": "2.7 million", "id": 1940, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York City in 2012?", "raw_question": "How many non-Hispanic whites lived in #2 in 2012?", "statement": "2.7 million non-Hispanic whites lived in New York City in 2012." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, \"People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 25, 2011, after 122.4 million votes were cast for the finale (and nearly 750 million votes for the seasonal total), Scotty McCreery was crowned the winner of the tenth season of American Idol, making him the youngest male winner at 17 years and seven months old, and the second youngest winner ever behind season 6 winner Jordin Sparks. Season 10 was the first season where 11 contestants went on tour instead of 10. Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels. The signed artists are Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina, Haley Reinhart, James Durbin, Casey Abrams, Stefano Langone, Pia Toscano and Naima Adedapo.", "title": "American Idol (season 10)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Millbrook, North Carolina, USA, was a village in Wake County at that time in the intersection of then Wake Forest Road and then Main Street, which is now part of East Millbrook Road. However, the growth of Raleigh since the 1970s has swallowed up the village. Milbrook High School in Raleigh is named after the village and is located in what used to be Millbrook.", "title": "Millbrook, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of reality television singing competition American Idol began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell returned to judge, and Ryan Seacrest returned to host. It is the most successful season to date ratings-wise, and resulted in 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) getting record deals -- nine of them with major labels. It was the first season with a male winner (Taylor Hicks) and a female runner - up (Katharine McPhee). It was also the first season of the series to be aired in high definition.", "title": "American Idol (season 5)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Despite being eliminated earlier in the season, Chris Daughtry (as lead of the band Daughtry) became the most successful recording artist from this season. Other contestants, such as Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, and Elliott Yamin have had varying levels of success.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the \"White guy with guitar\" or \"WGWG\" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, \"You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest,\" he says, \"And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first season of American Idol premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. That first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended.", "title": "American Idol (season 1)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aubrey Cleland is an American model and singer who came in 11th place on the twelfth season of \"American Idol\".", "title": "Aubrey Cleland" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series is to find new solo recording artists, with the winner being determined by the viewers in America. Winners chosen by viewers through telephone, Internet, and SMS text voting were Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia Barrino, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, and Nick Fradiani.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three.", "title": "American Idol (season 8)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2013, the American Idol alumni in their post-Idol careers have amassed over 59 million albums and 120 million singles and digital track downloads in the United States alone.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millbrook is a city in Autauga and Elmore counties in the State of Alabama. The population was 14,640 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Millbrook, Alabama" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for Fox Broadcasting Company. American Idol and fellow competing shows Survivor and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and Idol became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades).", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the \"true art form of music\", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem \"so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight\", and that \"television is a lie\". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol \"isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' \" That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that \"Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award\". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that \"there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs\".", "title": "American Idol" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chris Daughtry", "id": 3157, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "raw_question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "statement": "Chris Daughtry is from North Carolina." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 3356, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What state is American Idol contestant Chris Daughtry from?", "raw_question": "What state is American Idol contestant #1 from?", "statement": "Chris Daughtry is from North Carolina." }, { "answer": "Wake County", "id": 130836, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What state is Millbrook, North Carolina located?", "raw_question": "What state is Millbrook, #2 located?", "statement": "Millbrook is located in North Carolina." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives. In recent years the rivalry has become less political, as Espanyol translated its official name and anthem from Spanish to Catalan.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mera Naam Joker ( \"My Name is Joker\") is a 1970 Indian drama film, directed and produced by Raj Kapoor, and written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas. The film stars Kapoor as the eponymous character, with Simi Garewal, Kseniya Ryabinkina and Padmini in supporting roles, and was also the debut of Kapoor's son Rishi Kapoor. The plot focuses on a clown who must make his audience laugh at the cost of his own sorrows. Three women who shaped his life view his final performance.", "title": "Mera Naam Joker" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in St. Petersburg, she studied art in Paris from 1911 to 1913. She returned to St. Petersburg in 1913 and married Ivan Puni. Their apartment in St Petersburg became a meeting place for avant-garde artists and poets. With Puni she published the cubo-futurist booklet \"Roaring Parnassus\" («Рыкающий Парнас») in 1914.", "title": "Kseniya Boguslavskaya" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michelle is a given name, originally the French feminine form of Michel, from the Hebrew name Michael meaning \"Who is like God?\". It is now extensively used in English-speaking as well as French-speaking countries. It is also a surname.", "title": "Michelle (name)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Council of the People's Deputies () was the name given to the government of the November Revolution in Germany from November 1918 until February 1919. The Council de facto took over the function of head of state (Kaiser) and head of government (Chancellor), and issued decretes replacing the legislation of parliament (Reichstag) and Federal Council. The state secretaries (the heads of the governmental departments, similar to ministers in other countries) stayed in office or were replaced by the Council.", "title": "Council of the People's Deputies" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucio is an Italian, Spanish, male given name derived from the Latin name \"Lucius\". In Portuguese, the given name is accented Lúcio", "title": "Lucio" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Victor Anderson (August 8, 1918 – December 31, 1982) was a provincial level politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1971 to 1975 sitting with the Social Credit caucus in the official opposition.", "title": "John Victor Anderson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Det Danske Luftfartselskab A/S or DDL, trading in English as Danish Air Lines, was Denmark's national airline from 1918 until it merged to create Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) in 1951. DDL was established on 29 October 1918, but started its first scheduled route on 7 August 1920.", "title": "Danish Air Lines" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ivan Puni was born in Kuokkala (then Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire, now Repino in Russia) to a family of Italian origins. He is the grandson of an eminent Italian composer of ballet music, Cesare Pugni.", "title": "Ivan Puni" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2009 Patrick Debois coined the term by naming a conference ``devopsdays ''which started in Belgium and has now spread to other countries.", "title": "DevOps" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"WCW Pro\" started off as Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling, one of two official weekly syndicated wrestling programs presented by Jim Crockett Promotions (the other was World Wide Wrestling, which in its final form was named WCW WorldWide). It started airing since 1958.", "title": "WCW Pro" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Walter Speer (December 1, 1855 – May 14, 1918) was elected the mayor of Denver, Colorado three times. He served two four-year terms in office from 1904 to 1912. He died from Influenza, early on in the worldwide epidemic of that year on May 14, 1918, while halfway through a third term in office that had started in 1916.", "title": "Robert W. Speer" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"De Grasse\" (ID-1217) was the projected name for an armed yacht that the United States Navy acquired for service as a patrol vessel in 1918 but, according to some sources, never commissioned, although other sources claim she saw brief naval service in 1918. In World War II, she was reacquired and served as YP-506. The yacht's official number was registered under the name \"Fleet\" as of 1959, fate unknown.", "title": "USS De Grasse (ID-1217)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was named by the American Geographical Society in 1947 for Thomas Riggs, Jr., Governor of Alaska from 1918 to 1921.", "title": "Riggs Glacier" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ansel Adams Award is an annual award given by The Wilderness Society of the United States. Named by American photographer and environmentalist Ansel Adams, the award is given to a current or former federal official who has been a fervent advocate of conservation.", "title": "Ansel Adams Award (The Wilderness Society)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.", "title": "ISO 3166" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society, upon a recommendation by Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India. As there appeared to be several different local names, Waugh chose to name the mountain after his predecessor in the post, Sir George Everest, despite George Everest's objections.", "title": "Mount Everest" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The official English name was changed by the country's government from the ``Union of Burma ''to the`` Union of Myanmar'' in 1989, and still later to the ``Republic of the Union of Myanmar '', which since then has been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption.", "title": "Names of Myanmar" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ivan Puni", "id": 450185, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Kseniya Boguslavskaya >> spouse", "raw_question": "Kseniya Boguslavskaya >> spouse", "statement": "Ivan Puni was the spouse of Kseniya Boguslavskaya." }, { "answer": "Russia", "id": 102686, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "What country is Ivan Puni from?", "raw_question": "What country is #1 from?", "statement": "Ivan Puni is from Russia." }, { "answer": "the Soviet Russian Republic", "id": 5578, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Which official name was Russia given at the start of 1918?", "raw_question": "Which official name was #2 given at the start of 1918?", "statement": "Russia was given the official name the Soviet Russian Republic at the start of 1918." } ]

[ "SU", "Soviets" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1845, Ireland was hit by a potato blight. In the next four years over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine. In Ireland, Victoria was labelled \"The Famine Queen\". She personally donated £2,000 to famine relief, more than any other individual donor, and also supported the Maynooth Grant to a Roman Catholic seminary in Ireland, despite Protestant opposition. The story that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to Battersea Dogs Home, was a myth generated towards the end of the 19th century.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During periods of unemployment, there has been a long pattern of emigration from the island since the post-Napoleonic period. The majority of \"Saints\" emigrated to the UK, South Africa and in the early years, Australia. The population has steadily declined since the late 1980s and has dropped from 5,157 at the 1998 census to 4,255 in 2008. In the past emigration was characterised by young unaccompanied persons leaving to work on long-term contracts on Ascension and the Falkland Islands, but since \"Saints\" were re-awarded UK citizenship in 2002, emigration to the UK by a wider range of wage-earners has accelerated due to the prospect of higher wages and better progression prospects.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around 1300, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it was before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict in the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively these events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In other events of the nineteenth century, The Times opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400,000 people to 800,000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.", "title": "The Times" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Nestorian graves dating to 1338–39 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Long a major population center and site of worldwide automobile manufacturing, Detroit has suffered a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. Like many industrial American cities, Detroit reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.8 million people. Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and loss of jobs (as described above), by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number, with just over 700,000 residents. The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around 1300–1350 the Medieval Warm Period gave way to the Little Ice Age. The colder climate resulted in agricultural crises, the first of which is known as the Great Famine of 1315-1317. The demographic consequences of this famine, however, were not as severe as the plagues that occurred later in the century, particularly the Black Death. Estimates of the death rate caused by this epidemic range from one third to as much as sixty percent. By around 1420, the accumulated effect of recurring plagues and famines had reduced the population of Europe to perhaps no more than a third of what it was a century earlier. The effects of natural disasters were exacerbated by armed conflicts; this was particularly the case in France during the Hundred Years' War.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Killawalla or Killavally (Irish \"Coill an Bhaile\": Wood of the Homestead) is a village located in County Mayo, Ireland, 7 miles (10 km) from Westport on the R330 road to Ballinrobe. Saint Patrick is alleged to have passed this way en route to Croagh Patrick, and accordingly the local Catholic church is named after him. The village also contains a primary school and MacEvilly's pub established in 1968. The village post office closed in 2017. Killawalla is part of the parish of Carnacon and Ballintubber. Research carried out by NUI Maynooth showed Killawalla to have sustained the biggest population loss of any village in Ireland during the Great Famine. Between 1841 and 1851 the village lost two thirds of its population.", "title": "Killawalla" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Listen is an album by Irish folk singer Christy Moore, released in Ireland on 17 April 2009 by Columbia Records. Recorded with long-time accompanist Declan Sinnott, it is his first studio album since 2005's \"Burning Times\". The album debuted at number one on the Irish Albums Chart.", "title": "Listen (Christy Moore album)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several plants native to the Americas have spread around the world, including potato, maize, tomato, and tobacco. Before 1500, potatoes were not grown outside of South America. By the 1840s, Ireland was so dependent on the potato that the proximate cause of the Great Famine was a potato disease. Potatoes eventually became an important staple of the diet in much of Europe, contributing to about 25% of the population growth in Afro - Eurasia between 1700 and 1900. Many European rulers, including Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, encouraged the cultivation of the potato.", "title": "Columbian exchange" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the British Raj, famines in India, often attributed to failed government policies, were some of the worst ever recorded, including the Great Famine of 1876–78 in which 6.1 million to 10.3 million people died and the Indian famine of 1899–1900 in which 1.25 to 10 million people died. The Third Plague Pandemic in the mid-19th century killed 10 million people in India. Despite persistent diseases and famines, the population of the Indian subcontinent, which stood at about 125 million in 1750, had reached 389 million by 1941.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria occurred in 1989 during the collapse of communism in Hungary, which was part of a broad wave of revolutions in various communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The dismantling of the electric fence along Hungary's 240 kilometres (149 mi) long border with Austria was the first fissure in the ``Iron Curtain ''that had divided Europe for more than 40 years, since the end of World War II, and caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Berlin Wall.", "title": "Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series, set in the fictional Yorkshire country estate of Downton Abbey between 1912 and 1926, depicts the lives of the aristocratic Crawley family and their domestic servants in the post-Edwardian era -- with the great events in history having an effect on their lives and on the British social hierarchy. Events depicted throughout the series include news of the sinking of the RMS Titanic in the first series; the outbreak of the First World War, the Spanish influenza pandemic, and the Marconi scandal in the second series; the Irish War of Independence leading to the formation of the Irish Free State in the third series; the Teapot Dome scandal in the fourth series; and the British general election of 1923, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Beer Hall Putsch in the fifth series. The sixth and final series introduces the rise of the working class during the interwar period and hints towards the eventual decline of the British aristocracy.", "title": "Downton Abbey" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Iron Behind the Velvet is an album recorded by Christy Moore in 1978, after the first breakup of Planxty. It was produced jointly by Brian Masterson and Moore, and recorded and mixed at Lombard and Keystone Studios, Dublin.", "title": "The Iron Behind the Velvet" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iron Post is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mayes County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 117 at the 2000 census, but had declined to 92 in 2010, a loss of more than 21 percent.", "title": "Iron Post, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"European Son\" is a song written and performed by the American experimental rock band The Velvet Underground. It appears as the final track on their 1967 debut album \"The Velvet Underground & Nico\". It is also the album's longest track at more than seven and a half minutes.", "title": "European Son" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The population of England rose rapidly during the 19th and 20th centuries whereas the populations of Scotland and Wales have shown little increase during the 20th century, with the population of Scotland remaining unchanged since 1951. Ireland for most of its history comprised a population proportionate to its land area (about one third of the total population). However, since the Great Irish Famine, the population of Ireland has fallen to less than one tenth of the population of the British Isles. The famine, which caused a century-long population decline, drastically reduced the Irish population and permanently altered the demographic make-up of the British Isles. On a global scale, this disaster led to the creation of an Irish diaspora that numbers fifteen times the current population of the island.", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history in absolute terms of total casualties. Over 60 million people were killed, which was about 3% of the 1940 world population (est. 2.3 billion). The tables below give a detailed country - by - country count of human losses. World War II fatality statistics vary, with estimates of total deaths ranging from 50 million to more than 80 million. The higher figure of over 80 million includes deaths from war - related disease and famine. Civilians killed totalled 50 to 55 million, including 19 to 28 million from war - related disease and famine. Military deaths from all causes totalled 21 to 25 million, including deaths in captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war.", "title": "World War II casualties" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change—which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century—was accompanied by an economic downturn.", "title": "Middle Ages" } ]

[ { "answer": "Christy Moore", "id": 353980, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "The Iron Behind the Velvet >> performer", "raw_question": "The Iron Behind the Velvet >> performer", "statement": "Christy Moore is the performer of The Iron Behind the Velvet." }, { "answer": "Ireland", "id": 671680, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Christy Moore >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Christy Moore is from Ireland." }, { "answer": "century-long population decline", "id": 35371, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "How long did the Great Irish Famine cause a population decline in Ireland ?", "raw_question": "How long did the Great Irish Famine cause a population decline in #2 ?", "statement": "The Great Irish Famine caused a century-long population decline in Ireland." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Human Rights Commission राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग national human rights commission logo Agency overview Formed 12 October 1993 Legal personality Governmental: Government agency Jurisdictional structure Federal agency India General nature Federal law enforcement Civilian agency Operational structure Headquarters New Delhi, India Agency executives Justice H.L. Dattu, Chairman Ambuj Sharma, Secretary General Website Official website", "title": "National Human Rights Commission of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The date was chosen to honour the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the first global enunciation of human rights and one of the first major achievements of the new United Nations. The formal establishment of Human Rights Day occurred at the 317th Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on 4 December 1950, when the General Assembly declared resolution 423(V), inviting all member states and any other interested organizations to celebrate the day as they saw fit.", "title": "Human Rights Day" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Museum of Human Anatomy Luigi Rolando () is a museum of human anatomy that was founded in 1739 with headquarters in Torino, Italy. It is part of the museum network of the University of Turin and moved to its current location in the Building of the Anatomical Institutes () in 1898.", "title": "Museum of Human Anatomy Luigi Rolando" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the idea of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth - century England gave rise to the philosophy of liberalism and belief in human rights became a central concern of European intellectual culture during the eighteenth - century Age of Enlightenment. These ideas of human rights lay at the core of the American and French Revolutions which occurred toward the end of that century. Democratic evolution through the nineteenth century paved the way for the advent of universal suffrage in the twentieth century. Two world wars led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.", "title": "History of human rights" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2006, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights was replaced with the United Nations Human Rights Council for the enforcement of international human rights law.", "title": "International human rights law" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are a division of the larger Appalachian Mountain chain. The border between Tennessee and North Carolina runs northeast to southwest through the centerline of the park. It is the most visited national park in the United States with over 11.3 million recreational visitors in 2016. On its route from Maine to Georgia, the Appalachian Trail also passes through the center of the park. The park was chartered by the United States Congress in 1934 and officially dedicated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940.", "title": "Great Smoky Mountains National Park" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bangan Hill National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located in the municipality of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya in Cagayan Valley. The park covers an area of 13.90 hectares. It was declared a national park in 1995 by virtue of Republic Act No. 7954.", "title": "Bangan Hill National Park" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tennessee's major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the state's primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment, and electrical equipment. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border. Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge; the Parthenon, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville; the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg; and Elvis Presley's Graceland residence and tomb, the Memphis Zoo, and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The site of the UN headquarters has extraterritoriality status. This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes there. In addition, the United Nations Headquarters remains under the jurisdiction and laws of the United States, although a few members of the UN staff have diplomatic immunity and so can not be prosecuted by local courts unless the diplomatic immunity is waived by the Secretary - General. In 2005, Secretary - General Kofi Annan waived the immunity of Benon Sevan, Aleksandr Yakovlev, and Vladimir Kuznetsov in relation to the Oil - for - Food Programme, and all were charged in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Benon Sevan later fled the United States to Cyprus, while Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vladimir Kuznetsov decided to stand trial.", "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jungle World (previously Jungle Kingdom) is an animal theme park and zoological garden located in Ayub National Park, Rawalpindi District, Pakistan. The visitor spot is spread over about .", "title": "Jungle World, Rawalpindi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its 3rd session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did n't vote.", "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen), passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a important document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights. The Declaration was directly influenced by Thomas Jefferson, working with General Lafayette, who introduced it. Influenced also by the doctrine of ``natural right '', the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by the law. It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. Inspired by the Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy in Europe and worldwide.", "title": "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Painting of the Declaration, painted by Jean - Jacques - François Le Barbier Author General Lafayette, (sometimes with Thomas Jefferson) and Honoré Mirabeau. Country Kingdom of France Language French Genre Human rights, declaration and document. Publisher National Constituent Assembly Publication date 27 August 1789", "title": "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Convention follows the civil law tradition, with a preamble, in which the principle that ``all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated ''of Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action is cited, followed by 50 articles. Unlike many UN covenants and conventions, it is not formally divided into parts.", "title": "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Human Rights Commission राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग national human rights commission logo Agency overview Formed 12 October 1993 Jurisdictional structure Federal agency India Operations jurisdiction India General nature Federal law enforcement Headquarters New Delhi, India Agency executives Justice H.L. Dattu, Chairman Ambuj Sharma, Secretary General Website Official website", "title": "National Human Rights Commission of India" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish language version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Created 1948 Ratified 10 December 1948 Location Palais de Chaillot, Paris Author (s) Draft Committee Purpose Human rights", "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glacier Park Lodge is located just outside the boundaries of Glacier National Park in the village of East Glacier Park, Montana, United States. The lodge was built in 1913 by the Glacier Park Company, a subsidiary of the Great Northern Railway. It was the first of a series of hotels built in and near Glacier National Park by the Great Northern to house visitors brought to the park by the railroad.", "title": "Glacier Park Lodge" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Loomis Museum, also known as the Loomis Visitor Center, the Manzanita Lake Visitor Center and the Manzanita Lake Museum, was built by Benjamin Franklin Loomis in 1927 near Manzanita Lake, just outside Lassen Volcanic National Park in California, USA. Loomis was a local homesteader and photographer who documented the 1915 eruptions of Lassen Peak, and was instrumental in the 1916 establishment of the national park. In 1929 Loomis donated the museum and of surrounding lands to the National Park Service, which since then has used the structure as an interpretational facility.", "title": "Loomis Museum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Philippines is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) drafted by the United Nations (UN) in the 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, alongside the Genocide Convention and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, by the United Nations in response to the tragic and horrendous violations of human rights during the Second World War. The United Nations Charter, a treaty, was created in order to define what roles, powers, and duties the United Nations is allowed to practice in dealing with international relations. Article I of the UN Charter states that the UN aims:", "title": "Human rights in the Philippines" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Declaration consists of thirty articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, economic transfers, regional human rights instruments, national constitutions, and other laws. The Declaration was the first step in the process of formulating the International Bill of Human Rights, which was completed in 1966, and came into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of countries had ratified them.", "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" } ]

[ { "answer": "the United Nations", "id": 77985, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "who uses the universal declaration of human rights", "raw_question": "who uses the universal declaration of human rights", "statement": "The United Nations uses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights." }, { "answer": "the United States", "id": 66386, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "the country where the headquarters of the United Nations is located", "raw_question": "the country where the headquarters of #1 is located", "statement": "The country where the headquarters of the United Nations is located is the United States." }, { "answer": "Great Smoky Mountains National Park", "id": 31236, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Which national park in Tennessee sees more visitors that any other in the United States ?", "raw_question": "Which national park in Tennessee sees more visitors that any other in #2 ?", "statement": "The Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee sees more visitors than any other in the United States." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Hines' Raid was a Confederate exploratory mission led by Thomas Hines, on orders from John Hunt Morgan, into the state of Indiana in June 1863 during the American Civil War. Hines' mission was to prepare the groundwork of Morgan's Raid across the Ohio River into Indiana and Ohio by seeing what support the local Knights of the Golden Circle and Copperheads would provide for the main operation.", "title": "Hines' Raid" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wayne Township is one of nine townships in Hamilton County, Indiana, United States and serves as one of two townships within Noblesville, Indiana's jurisdiction. As of the 2010 census, its population was 7,886 and it contained 3,252 housing units, an increase from 2415 in 2000, as Noblesville continues to expand eastward and Fishers reaches its northern limits. In 2007, Noblesville officially opened one of the largest mixed use developments in the state, called the Noblesville Corporate Campus. A portion of the development is located within the township. When completed, it will include a large industrial/commercial park, several housing developments, hotels, greenspace and a large outdoor shopping center called Hamilton Town Center, being built by the Simon Property Group, headquartered in nearby Indianapolis.", "title": "Wayne Township, Hamilton County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Arcadia is a town in Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,666 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Arcadia, Indiana" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.", "title": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok was an administrative county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is now in central Hungary, was slightly smaller than that of present Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The capital of the county was Szolnok.", "title": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orroral River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Orroral River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" } ]

[ { "answer": "Indiana", "id": 272683, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Hines' Raid >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Hines' Raid >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Hines' Raid occurred in the state of Indiana." }, { "answer": "Hamilton County", "id": 832324, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Arcadia, Indiana >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Arcadia, #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Arcadia is located in Hamilton County." }, { "answer": "Noblesville", "id": 795274, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Hamilton County >> capital", "raw_question": "#2 >> capital", "statement": "Noblesville is the capital of Hamilton County." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pojuschie Gitary ( , \"The Singing Guitars\") were the Soviet Union's first rock band to reach a phenomenal rate of success and popularity in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and in other countries. For that reason, they are often nicknamed \"the Soviet Beatles\" in a manner not that different from Hungary's Illés and Poland's Czerwone Gitary, whose name means \"Red Guitars\".", "title": "Poyushchiye Gitary" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of \"containment\" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to \"roll back\". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet -- Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, mostly in the country's rural countryside. The mujahideen groups were backed by the United States and Pakistan, making it a Cold War proxy war. Between 562,000 and 2,000,000 civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran.", "title": "Soviet–Afghan War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maghrebi mint tea (at - tāy): (Arabic: الشاي ‎ aš - šāy; Maghrebi Arabic: التاي at - tāy) also known as Moroccan mint tea, is a green tea prepared with spearmint leaves and sugar, traditional to the Maghreb region (the northwest African countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania). The tea was originally made by English traders and has spread in popularity throughout Africa, France, and other neighboring countries. Known for its flavor and vitality, the fresh mint used to prepare the at - tāy helps to clear the palate after meals.", "title": "Arabic tea" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 soldiers, followed by fighting outside Gharm that left 3 militants dead. To date the country's Interior Ministry asserts that the central government maintains full control over the country's east, and the military operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 2010. However, fighting erupted again in July 2012. In 2015 Russia will send more troops to Tajikistan, as confirmed by a report of STRATFOR (magazine online)", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of foreign investment in Estonia originates in the Nordic countries (principally Finland and Sweden), to which Estonia sends 42% of its exports (as compared to 6.5% going to Russia, 8.8% to Latvia, and 4.7% to Lithuania). On the other hand, the Estonian political system, its flat rate of income tax, and its non-welfare-state model distinguish it from the Nordic countries and their Nordic model, and indeed from many other European countries.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula jutting out from the far east of the Asian land mass. The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas; to the west is the Yellow Sea (known in Korea as West Sea), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (known in Korea as East Sea). Geographically, South Korea's land mass is approximately 100,032 square kilometres (38,623 sq mi). 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37 ° North, 127 ° 30 East. Notable islands include Jeju Island (Jejudo), Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo, known in Japan as Takeshima).", "title": "Geography of South Korea" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Do\" can either mean \"province\" or \"island\" in Korean. \"Seom\" means island in the Korean language as well, although \"do\" is a Sino-Korean word used in name compound words, but \"seom\" can stand alone. Filming for \"Mapado\" did not take place on an island, but in Dongbaek village in Yeonggwang County, South Korea.", "title": "Mapado" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label \"Sovdepia\" for the nascent state of the \"Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies\".", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. During this period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though none engaged in warhead production on nearly the same scale as the two superpowers.", "title": "Nuclear arms race" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War the ships of the fleet became dispersed over various countries, and Soviet Russia made efforts via international courts to have them returned. Dobroflot was restored in the Soviet Union in 1922 and included into the Sovtorgflot (\"Soviet Commercial Fleet\") in 1925.", "title": "Dobroflot" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Soviet generals with extensive combat experience from the Second World War were sent to North Korea as the Soviet Advisory Group. These generals completed the plans for the attack by May. The original plans called for a skirmish to be initiated in the Ongjin Peninsula on the west coast of Korea. The North Koreans would then launch a \"counterattack\" that would capture Seoul and encircle and destroy the South Korean army. The final stage would involve destroying South Korean government remnants, capturing the rest of South Korea, including the ports.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.", "title": "Black people" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Korea", "id": 105813, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What country did Mapado originate?", "raw_question": "What country did Mapado originate?", "statement": "Mapado originated from South Korea." }, { "answer": "North Korea", "id": 58005, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "what are the neighboring countries of South Korea", "raw_question": "what are the neighboring countries of #1", "statement": "The Soviet sent someone to North Korea, which is a neighboring country of South Korea." }, { "answer": "Soviet generals", "id": 18308, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Who did the Soviets send to North Korea ?", "raw_question": "Who did the Soviets send to #2 ?", "statement": "The Soviets sent Soviet generals to North Korea." } ]

[ "The Soviets", "Soviets", "the Soviet Union", "SU", "Soviet Union" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia.", "title": "FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as \"partial migration\". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order.", "title": "Bird migration" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001. Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1988 AFC Asian Cup was the 9th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were held in Qatar between 2 December and 18 December 1988. Saudi Arabia defeated Republic of Korea in the final match in Doha.", "title": "1988 AFC Asian Cup" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The purple martin migrates to the Amazon basin in winter. Its winter range extends into Ecuador but does not seem to ascend far up the Andean foothills.", "title": "Purple martin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil Portuguese pronunciation: (bɾaˈziw)), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help info)), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth - largest country by area and the sixth most populous. The capital is Brasília, and the most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.", "title": "Brazil" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Adelaide Crows and the Richmond Tigers, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 30 September 2017. It was the 121st annual grand final of the Australian Football League staged to determine the premiers for the 2017 AFL season. Richmond defeated Adelaide by 48 points, marking the club's eleventh premiership and first since 1980. Richmond's Dustin Martin won the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground. The match was attended by 100,021 people, the largest crowd since the 1986 Grand Final.", "title": "2017 AFL Grand Final" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone.", "title": "South America" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The events alternate from year to year between the cities of Montreal and Toronto. Since 1980 in odd - numbered years the men's tournament is held in Montreal, while the women's tournament is held in Toronto, and vice versa in even - numbered years. Before 2011, they were held during separate weeks in the July -- August period, now the two competitions are held during the same week in August. The Toronto tournament is held at the Aviva Centre and the Montreal tournament is held at the IGA Stadium.", "title": "Canadian Open (tennis)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 WGC - Bridgestone Invitational was a professional golf tournament held August 2 -- 5 on the South Course of Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. It was the 20th WGC - Bridgestone Invitational tournament, and the third of the World Golf Championships events in 2018.", "title": "2018 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey is a sport that is contested at the Winter Olympic Games. A men's ice hockey tournament has been held every Winter Olympics (starting in 1924); an ice hockey tournament was also held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. From 1920 to 1968, the Olympics also acted as the Ice Hockey World Championships, and the two events occurred concurrently. From 1920 until 1984, only amateur athletes were allowed to compete in the tournament, and players from the National Hockey League (NHL) were not allowed to compete. The countries that benefited most were the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state - sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs. In 1970, after a disagreement over the definition of amateur players, Canada withdrew from the tournament and did not send a team to the 1972 or 1976 Winter Olympics. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to allow professional athletes to compete in the Olympics, and starting in 1998, the NHL allowed its players to participate. Women's ice hockey was added in 1992 and the first tournament was held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Both events have been held at every Olympic Games since.", "title": "List of Olympic medalists in ice hockey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2022 FIFA World Cup is scheduled to be the 22nd edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It is scheduled to take place in Qatar in 2022. This will be the first World Cup held in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. This will also be the first World Cup ever to be held in the Middle East, and in an Arab and a Muslim - majority country. This tournament will be the last to involve 32 teams, with an increase to 48 teams scheduled from the 2026 tournament.", "title": "2022 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Martin (June 6, 1883, New York City, New York – March 19, 1932, Ossining, New York) was a graphic artist and illustrator. His artwork appeared on nine different magazine covers from 1923 to 1932. Martin designed the then-world's largest ever electrical display in 1917. He reshaped the then-iconic Fisk Tire Boy in late 1929. He played in tennis tournaments around the Greater New York area from 1909 to 1931. Also in the U.S. National Championships of 1920-21, 24 (all after age 35). The annual Paul Martin Singles Tournament is named after him.", "title": "Paul Martin (illustrator)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament held in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. The 32 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players, including three goalkeepers. Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament.", "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup squads" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2019 Copa América will be the 46th edition of the Copa América, the quadrennial international men's football championship organized by South America's football ruling body CONMEBOL. It will be held in Brazil. The winner of the tournament will earn the right to compete for the 2021 FIFA Confederations Cup. Chile will be the defending champions.", "title": "2019 Copa América" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Copa América 1989 football tournament was hosted by Brazil, from 1 to 16 July. All ten CONMEBOL member nations participated.", "title": "1989 Copa América" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Martin County Fair is one of the largest agricultural fairs in the United States, occurring annually in February in Stuart, Florida. The Martin County Fair is held at the Martin County Fairgrounds across from Witham Airfield. The fair includes rides and food, and features various local talents.", "title": "Martin County Fair" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wintering in South America, purple martins migrate to North America in spring to breed. Spring migration is somewhat staggered, with arrivals in southern areas such as Florida and Texas in January, but showing up in the northern United States in April and in Canada as late as May. Males usually arrive at a site before females.", "title": "Purple martin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Tournament of Nations was the second Tournament of Nations, an international women's football tournament, consisting of a series of friendly games. It was held in the United States, from July 26 to August 2, 2018, and featured the same four teams as the previous tournament.", "title": "2018 Tournament of Nations" } ]

[ { "answer": "Brazil,", "id": 159915, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Where was the football tournament held?", "raw_question": "Where was the football tournament held?", "statement": "The football tournament was held in Brazil." }, { "answer": "South America", "id": 46321, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Brazil, is the largest country on which continent", "raw_question": "#1 is the largest country on which continent", "statement": "Brazil is the largest country on the South American continent." }, { "answer": "winter", "id": 43712, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "when do purple martins migrate to South America", "raw_question": "when do purple martins migrate to #2", "statement": "Purple martins migrate to South America in the winter." } ]

[ "Winter" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Future total solar eclipses will cross the United States in April 2024 (12 states) and August 2045 (10 states), and annular solar eclipses -- wherein the Moon appears smaller than the Sun -- will occur in October 2023 (9 states) and June 2048 (9 states).", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle. The features describe aspects of articulation and perception, are from a universally fixed set, and have the binary values + or −. There are at least two levels of representation: underlying representation and surface phonetic representation. Ordered phonological rules govern how underlying representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation (the so-called surface form). An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments. Furthermore, the generativists folded morphophonology into phonology, which both solved and created problems.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Unlike a solar eclipse, which can be viewed only from a certain relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse lasts a few hours, whereas a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes as viewed from any given place, due to the smaller size of the Moon's shadow. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any eye protection or special precautions, as they are dimmer than the full Moon.", "title": "Lunar eclipse" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed]", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. That is, all languages' phonological structures are essentially the same, but there is restricted variation that accounts for differences in surface realizations. Principles are held to be inviolable, though parameters may sometimes come into conflict. Prominent figures in this field include Jonathan Kaye, Jean Lowenstamm, Jean-Roger Vergnaud, Monik Charette, and John Harris.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The path of the 2017 eclipse crosses with the path of the upcoming total solar eclipse of April 8, 2024, with the intersection of the two paths being in southern Illinois in Makanda Township at Cedar Lake, just south of Carbondale. An area of about 9,000 square miles, including the cities of Makanda, Carbondale, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and Paducah, Kentucky, will thus experience two total solar eclipses within a span of less than seven years. The cities of Benton, Carbondale, Chester, Harrisburg, Marion, and Metropolis in Illinois; Cape Girardeau, Farmington, and Perryville in Missouri, as well as Paducah, Kentucky, will also be in the path of the 2024 eclipse, thereby earning the distinction of witnessing two total solar eclipses in seven years.", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The next solar eclipse (Partial) will occur on February 15, 2018; the last solar eclipse (Total) occurred on August 21, 2017.", "title": "List of solar eclipses in the 21st century" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 was a total eclipse visible within a band across the entire contiguous United States, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts. As a partial solar eclipse, it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America. In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening. In Asia it was visible only at the eastern extremity, the Chukchi Peninsula.", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eclipse was part of Saros series 136, as was the solar eclipse of July 11, 1991, which was slightly longer, lasting up to 6 minutes 53 seconds (previous eclipses of the same saros series on June 30, 1973 and June 20, 1955, were longer, lasting 7 min 04 and 7 min 08, respectively). The next event from this series will be on August 2, 2027. The exceptional duration was a result of the Moon being near perigee, with the apparent diameter of the Moon 8% larger than the Sun (magnitude 1.080) and the Earth being near aphelion where the Sun appeared slightly smaller.", "title": "Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite the country's long - lasting schools of republican movements, the government of Spain has been organized as a republic during only two very short periods in its history, which totaled less than 10 years of republican government in the entirety of Spanish history. The First Spanish Republic lasted from February 1873 to December 1874, and the Second Spanish Republic lasted from April 1931 to April 1939.", "title": "Republicanism in Spain" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acting on segments, phonological processes act on distinctive features within prosodic groups. Prosodic groups can be as small as a part of a syllable or as large as an entire utterance. Phonological processes are unordered with respect to each other and apply simultaneously (though the output of one process may be the input to another). The second most prominent natural phonologist is Patricia Donegan (Stampe's wife); there are many natural phonologists in Europe, and a few in the U.S., such as Geoffrey Nathan. The principles of natural phonology were extended to morphology by Wolfgang U. Dressler, who founded natural morphology.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistics, and phonology to theoretical linguistics, although establishing the phonological system of a language is necessarily an application of theoretical principles to analysis of phonetic evidence. Note that this distinction was not always made, particularly before the development of the modern concept of the phoneme in the mid 20th century. Some subfields of modern phonology have a crossover with phonetics in descriptive disciplines such as psycholinguistics and speech perception, resulting in specific areas like articulatory phonology or laboratory phonology.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Centenary is a village in Mashonaland Central province in Zimbabwe. On June 21, 2001, Centenary was a pilgrimage for those who wanted to see the total solar eclipse, as it was one of the few areas of Zimbabwe that witnessed it.", "title": "Centenary, Zimbabwe" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A total lunar eclipse occurred on January 31, 2018. The Moon was near its perigee on January 30 and as such may be described as a \"supermoon\". The previous supermoon lunar eclipse was in September 2015.As this supermoon was also a blue moon (the second full moon in a calendar month), it was referred to as a \"super blue blood moon\"; \"blood\" refers to the typical red color of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse. This coincidence last occurred on December 30, 1982 for the eastern hemisphere, and otherwise before that on March 31, 1866. The next occurrence will be on January 31, 2037, one metonic cycle (19 years) later.", "title": "January 2018 lunar eclipse" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "TRL UK was a British version of the popular American show \"Total Request Live\" which first aired in the states in 1998, however it was not brought to the United Kingdom until the last quarter of 2003.", "title": "TRL UK" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A total solar eclipse will take place on Monday, April 8, 2024, visible across North America. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. With a magnitude of 1.0566, its longest duration of totality will be of four minutes and 28 seconds near the town of Nazas, Durango, Mexico, and the nearby city of Torreón, Coahuila.", "title": "Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ground Xero is the first studio album by American DJ group Ill Insanity, which consists of a composition of three members of New York City DJ group The X-Ecutioners, Rob Swift, Total Eclipse and DJ Precision. It was released on February 11, 2008 for Ablist Productions and was produced by Rob Swift, Total Eclipse and DJ Precision, with additional production from Roc Raida of The X-Ecutioners and DJ Q-Bert.", "title": "Ground Xero" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to this event, no solar eclipse had been visible across the entire contiguous United States since June 8, 1918; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the mainland United States. The path of totality touched 14 states, and the rest of the U.S. had a partial eclipse. The area of the path of totality was about 16 percent of the area of the United States, with most of this area over the ocean, not land. The event's shadow began to cover land on the Oregon coast as a partial eclipse at 4: 05 p.m. UTC (9: 05 a.m. PDT), with the total eclipse beginning there at 5: 16 p.m. UTC (10: 16 a.m. PDT); the total eclipse's land coverage ended along the South Carolina coast at about 6: 44 p.m. UTC (2: 44 p.m. EDT). Visibility as a partial eclipse in Honolulu, Hawaii began with sunrise at 4: 20 p.m. UTC (6: 20 a.m. HST) and ended by 5: 25 p.m. UTC (7: 25 a.m. HST).", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Boys' Brigade Gazette is a quarterly magazine printed regularly since 1889 in the United Kingdom for the officers and leaders of the Battalions and Companies of the Boy's Brigade in the UK and Ireland.", "title": "Boys' Brigade Gazette" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "11 August 1999 Total Solar Eclipse over Cornwall and part of south Devon, partial over the rest of the United Kingdom. Totality was observable from English Channel and the island of Alderney in the Channel Islands, but was almost universally clouded out on the British mainland. The clouds did clear in the Newquay area, though, allowing observation of full totality. A large partial eclipse was visible in the south - east of England and south Wales. Observers in various places noted birds falling silent, daylight colours turning to grey, and temperatures falling, augmented by a passing wisp of cloud at the moment of peak eclipse.", "title": "List of solar eclipses visible from the United Kingdom" } ]

[ { "answer": "the United Kingdom,", "id": 10725, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Where is government phonology popular?", "raw_question": "Where is government phonology popular?", "statement": "Government phonology is popular in the United Kingdom." }, { "answer": "UK", "id": 695397, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "the United Kingdom, >> follows", "raw_question": "#1 >> follows", "statement": "The United Kingdom follows." }, { "answer": "August 21, 2017", "id": 74345, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "when did the UK last see a total eclipse", "raw_question": "when did the #2 last see a total eclipse", "statement": "The UK last saw a total eclipse on August 21, 2017." } ]

[ "Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017", "solar eclipse of August 21, 2017" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on. Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to pay a $300 (equivalent to $5,766 in 2016) commutation fee to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class. The situation deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and blacks for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, but more than 200 children escaped harm due to efforts of the New York City Police Department, which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants. According to historian James M. McPherson (2001), at least 120 people were killed. In all, eleven black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city for Williamsburg, Brooklyn, as well as New Jersey; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865, which it had last been in 1820. The white working class had established dominance. Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Berry Breck (July 12, 1828 – July 26, 1865) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.", "title": "Joseph Berry Breck" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moonah is a suburb in the city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia located approximately 5 km north of the central business district of Hobart, and lying directly north of the inner city suburb New Town. In the 2016 Australian census, the population of Moonah was 5,421.", "title": "Moonah, Tasmania" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heath is a city in Licking County, Ohio, United States, and is located approximately 30 mi (48 km) east of Columbus. The population was 10,310 at the 2010 census. It is one of three cities in the county.", "title": "Heath, Ohio" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film was produced by Joe Connelly for NBC Productions and distributed by Universal Pictures. Filmed on location in the Los Angeles area and at the Universal Studios during March and April 1969, \"Change of Habit\" was released in the United States on November 10, 1969. It spent four weeks on the \"Variety\" Box Office Survey, peaking at #17.", "title": "Change of Habit" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ituero y Lama is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 365 habitants .", "title": "Ituero y Lama" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vagabond Trail is a 1924 American silent film western directed by William A. Wellman and produced and distributed by the Fox Film Corporation.", "title": "The Vagabond Trail" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mound Bottom is a prehistoric Native American complex in Cheatham County, Tennessee, located in the Southeastern United States. The complex, which consists of earthen platform and burial mounds, a 7-acre central plaza, and habitation areas, was occupied between approximately 1000 and 1300 AD, during the Mississippian period.", "title": "Mound Bottom" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dunlap is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It lies at an elevation of . It has a population of 131. It is located approximately east of Fresno. In the 1800s Dunlap was a rest stop for passengers of the stage coach and a location for a change of horses.", "title": "Dunlap, California" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the Southern United States. In 1900, the Census Bureau reported Richmond's population as 62.1% white and 37.9% black. Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the \"Wall Street of Black America.\" In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier Maggie L. Walker chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S. Other figures from this time included John Mitchell, Jr. In 1910, the former city of Manchester was consolidated with the city of Richmond, and in 1914, the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park areas of Henrico County. In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heflin is a city in Cleburne County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 3,480. The city is the county seat of Cleburne County. It is located approximately halfway between Birmingham and Atlanta on Interstate 20.", "title": "Heflin, Alabama" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Montevideo is the heartland of retailing in Uruguay. The city has become the principal centre of business and real estate, including many expensive buildings and modern towers for residences and offices, surrounded by extensive green spaces. In 1985, the first shopping centre in Rio de la Plata, Montevideo Shopping was built. In 1994, with building of three more shopping complexes such as the Shopping Tres Cruces, Portones Shopping, and Punta Carretas Shopping, the business map of the city changed dramatically. The creation of shopping complexes brought a major change in the habits of the people of Montevideo. Global firms such as McDonald's and Burger King etc. are firmly established in Montevideo.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yoder is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Reno County, Kansas, United States. It is located approximately 10 miles southeast of the city of Hutchinson on K-96. As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 194. Although Yoder is unincorporated, with no city government, it does have a U.S. Post Office and its own ZIP code (67585). Yoder is the hub of a local Amish community and derives its name from its Amish founder.", "title": "Yoder, Kansas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Salem Baptist Church is located at 3131 Lake Street in north Omaha, Nebraska, United States. Founded in 1922, it has played important roles in the history of African Americans in Omaha, and in the city's religious community. Church leadership has impacted the city in a variety of ways, with long-time pastor Rev. J.C. Wade being recognized in the Congressional Record in 2000, and having an area post office named after him.", "title": "Salem Baptist Church" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sam Bernstein Law Firm, formerly known as The Law Offices of Sam Bernstein and The Law Offices of Samuel I. Bernstein, is an American law firm, located in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The firm specializes in personal injury law. In 2008, its main office employed approximately 50 employees.", "title": "The Sam Bernstein Law Firm" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1201 Walnut Building is a Skyscraper located in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, USA, built by HNTB Architects in 1991. Found at the intersection of 12th and Walnut streets, it is the eighth tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the twelfth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri, at 427 feet. The exterior is made of mostly dark-colored glass, and granite panels, and is very close the new Sprint Center and Power & Light District, part of the redevelopment of downtown Kansas City. The glass look helps to further the glass-theme that the Sprint Center, H&R Block Building, and the \"Kansas City Star\" printing press have. In late 2010, building tenant Stinson Leonard Street, LLP acquired the rights to place a large sign and corporate logo atop the southern face of the building.", "title": "1201 Walnut" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city's growing Latino population has given rise to a number of local and regional Spanish-language newspapers. These include El Planeta (owned by the former publisher of The Boston Phoenix), El Mundo, and La Semana. Siglo21, with its main offices in nearby Lawrence, is also widely distributed.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millers Ranch is a former settlement in Butte County, California, United States. It was located northeast of Bangor. A post office operated at Millers Ranch from 1862 to 1865.", "title": "Millers Ranch, Butte County, California" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's \"Big Six\" film studios. Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California. Distribution and other corporate offices are in New York City. Universal Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Universal was founded in 1912 by the German Carl Laemmle (pronounced \"LEM-lee\"), Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour.", "title": "Universal Pictures" } ]

[ { "answer": "Universal Studios", "id": 120687, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Who distributed Change of Habit?", "raw_question": "Who distributed Change of Habit?", "statement": "Universal Studios distributed Change of Habit." }, { "answer": "New York City", "id": 7019, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "In what city are Universal Studios corporate offices located?", "raw_question": "In what city are #1 corporate offices located?", "statement": "Universal Studios' corporate offices are located in New York City." }, { "answer": "10,000", "id": 1767, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "What was the approximate African-American population of New York City in 1865?", "raw_question": "What was the approximate African-American population of #2 in 1865?", "statement": "The approximate African-American population of New York City in 1865 was 10,000." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song won Song of the Year and was nominated for Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live is Jake Shimabukuro's 2009 solo album. It was released in April 2009, and consists of live in-concert performances from various venues around the world, including New York, Chicago, Japan, and Hawaii.", "title": "Live (Jake Shimabukuro album)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song is nominated for Song of the Year, Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 29, 2015, several days after a Guns N 'Roses related teaser was released to movie theaters, Billboard reported that Slash was set to rejoin the band and a ``reunited ''lineup will headline Coachella 2016. Rose was set to appear on Jimmy Kimmel Live! the following week to talk about the future of the band, but his appearance was cancelled due to`` unforeseen circumstances''. Guns N' Roses was officially announced as the headliner of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan are rejoining the band. The Coachella festival confirmed via press release that McKagan and Slash were rejoining. The band's first scheduled concerts with Slash and McKagan took place at the newly opened T - Mobile Arena on April 8 and 9, 2016. On March 25, 2016, the band announced 21 cities as part of a North American tour, dubbed the Not in This Lifetime... Tour. Additional legs of the tour were added for Latin America, Asia and Oceania through 2017. Later on, a second North American Leg was added for 2017.", "title": "Guns N' Roses" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One Good Night Deserves Another is the third studio album by American country music artist Steve Wariner. It was released in 1985 by MCA Records. The album produced three singles, \"What I Didn't Do\", \"Heart Trouble\", and \"Some Fools Never Learn\", which respectively reached #3, #8, and #1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. \"Some Fools Never Learn\" was number one for one week and spent a total of twenty-two weeks on the chart.", "title": "One Good Night Deserves Another" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live Like You Were Dying is the eighth studio album by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released on August 24, 2004, by Curb Records and was recorded in a mountaintop studio in upstate New York. It entered the \"Billboard\" 200 chart at number one, with sales of 766,000 copies in its first week. The album was certified 4 x Platinum by the RIAA for shipping four million copies, and was nominated for two Grammies in 2005 for Best Country Vocal Performance Male and Best Country Album, winning for Best Country Vocal Performance. Five singles were released from the album, all were top 15 hits on the Hot Country Songs chart, two of which hit #1.", "title": "Live Like You Were Dying" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Learning How to Bend\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Gary Allan. It was released in March 2008 as the second single from his 2007 album \"Living Hard\". The song peaked at number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. Allan wrote the song with James LeBlanc and Matt Warren.", "title": "Learning How to Bend" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tubular Bells II, The Performance Live at Edinburgh Castle is a live concert video by Mike Oldfield released in 1992.", "title": "Tubular Bells II Live" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Live and Learn\" is a song by the rock group The Cardigans and is the third and final single from the album Long Gone Before Daylight. All music by Peter Svensson, and all lyrics by Nina Persson. The song appears on episode 2 of \"Grey's Anatomy\" Music of Grey's Anatomy, and in a season 9 episode of Scrubs. The song is a straight love song about learning love, her thinking of what her love is worth.", "title": "Live and Learn (The Cardigans song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.", "title": "Barbara Aland" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chris Kontos (born June 25, 1968) is a Greek-American drummer, born in New York City. As a former drummer of the metal band Machine Head, he performed on their first album, \"Burn My Eyes\". He and the band parted ways in 1995, before their second album; Kontos will perform with Machine Head for the first time in 24 years with a tour celebrating the 25th anniversary of the release of \"Burn My Eyes\" in 2019, though he is not officially rejoining the band. He played in many bands and projects before and after that period of time, including Testament, Konkhra, Attitude Adjustment, Exodus, Death Angel, and Verbal Abuse.", "title": "Chris Kontos (musician)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Åland is a collection of around 6,500 islands in the Baltic Sea, midway between Sweden and Finland. The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, the Åland Islands, along with Finland, were taken by Imperial Russia. In December 1917, during the turmoil of the Russian October Revolution, Finland declared its independence, but most of the Ålanders wished to rejoin Sweden. The Finnish government considered the islands to be a part of their new nation, as the Russians had included Åland in the Grand Duchy of Finland, formed in 1809. By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation. With Sweden's reluctant agreement, this became the first European international agreement concluded directly through the League.", "title": "League of Nations" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Finally, Mowgli stumbles across the village where his adopted human mother (Messua), is now living, which forces him to come to terms with his humanity and decide whether to rejoin his fellow humans in ``The Spring Running ''.", "title": "Mowgli" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``All My Ex's Live In Texas ''is a song written by Sanger D. Shafer and Linda J. Shafer, and recorded by American country singer George Strait. It was released in April 1987 as the second single from Strait's album Ocean Front Property.`` All My Ex's Live In Texas'' was nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance at the 1988 Grammy Awards.", "title": "All My Ex's Live in Texas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kentucky Bluebird is a compilation album by American country music singer Keith Whitley. His first posthumous album, it was released via RCA Records Nashville in September 1991. The album consists of four previously released songs, re-orchestrated demos, and other previously unreleased songs, as well as snippets from live performances that predate his professional music career.", "title": "Kentucky Bluebird" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Only Get This Way with You\" is a song written by Dave Loggins and Alan Ray, and recorded by American country music artist Rick Trevino. It was released in March 1997 as the third single from the album \"Learning as You Go\". The song reached number 7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "I Only Get This Way with You" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acoustic is a compilation album of John Lennon demos, studio and live performances that feature his acoustic guitar work and was released in 2004.", "title": "Acoustic (John Lennon album)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lessons Learned is the sixth studio album released by country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was also his last album for Atlantic Records before the closure of Atlantic's Nashville division in 2000. This album produced three singles for Lawrence between 2000 and 2001: the title track, \"Lonely\", and \"Unforgiven\", which peaked at #3, #18, and #35, respectively, on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. \"Lessons Learned\" was also Lawrence's first Top Ten country hit since \"How a Cowgirl Says Goodbye\" in 1997.", "title": "Lessons Learned (album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Cardigans are a Swedish rock band formed in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1992 by guitarist Peter Svensson, bassist Magnus Sveningsson, drummer Bengt Lagerberg, keyboardist Lars-Olof Johansson and lead singer Nina Persson. The group's line-up has been very stable, the only change being that their post-hiatus shows since 2012 have been with Oskar Humlebo on guitar instead of Svensson.", "title": "The Cardigans" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesus at the Center: Live is a contemporary worship live album recorded and performed by Israel & New Breed. The album is released by Integrity Media and Columbia Records. The album was recorded live at Lakewood Church in early February 2012.", "title": "Jesus at the Center: Live" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Cardigans", "id": 319163, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Live and Learn >> performer", "raw_question": "Live and Learn >> performer", "statement": "The Cardigans, the performer of the album Live and Learn, originated from Sweden." }, { "answer": "Sweden", "id": 106790, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What country released The The Cardigans ?", "raw_question": "What country released The #1 ?", "statement": "Sweden released The Cardigans." }, { "answer": "December 1917", "id": 159613, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "When did Alanders rejoin Sweden ?", "raw_question": "When did Alanders rejoin #2 ?", "statement": "Alanders rejoined Sweden in December 1917." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In cinematography, the dolly grip is a dedicated technician trained to operate the camera dolly. This technician places, levels, and moves the dolly track, then pushes and pulls the dolly and usually a camera operator and camera assistant as riders. If the dolly has a moveable vertical axis, such as a hydraulic arm, then the dolly grip also operates the ``boom ''. If both axes are used simultaneously, this type of dolly shot is known as a compound move.", "title": "Dolly grip" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maciej Gołąb (born October 25, 1952) is a Polish musicologist. He is director of the Institute of Musicology at the University of Wrocław (Poland).", "title": "Maciej Gołąb" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, members of an Iranian Arab group campaigning for Arab national sovereignty in the southern Iranian region of Khuzestan Province, took 26 people hostage -- mostly embassy staff, but also several visitors as well as a police officer who had been guarding the embassy. They demanded the release of Arab prisoners from prisons in Khuzestan and their own safe passage out of the United Kingdom. Margaret Thatcher's government quickly resolved that safe passage would not be granted, and a siege ensued. Over the following days, police negotiators secured the release of five hostages in exchange for minor concessions, such as the broadcasting of the hostage - takers' demands on British television.", "title": "Iranian Embassy siege" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leo Fleider (October 12, 1913 in Hermanowa, Poland - August 5, 1977 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a Polish born Argentine film director and screenwriter, and one of the influential directors in the Cinema of Argentina of the classic era.", "title": "Leo Fleider" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Mann, birth name Goldman, (May 13, 1924 – February 24, 2012) was an American theatre producer and director and the Artistic Director of the Circle in the Square Theatre School.", "title": "Theodore Mann" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome, Fago began his cinema career in 1959 as assistant director of, among others, Mario Monicelli, Camillo Mastrocinque, Vittorio De Sica, Renato Castellani, Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Lucio Fulci. In 1967 he became a director, consecutively filming three spaghetti westerns, \"Per 100.000 dollari ti ammazzo\", \"Uno di più all'inferno\" and \"O' Cangaçeiro\". During the 1970s and the 1980s he focused primarily on television works.", "title": "Giovanni Fago" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Camera d'albergo is a 1981 Italian comedy film written and directed by Mario Monicelli. Ida Di Benedetto won the David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and Ruggero Mastroianni won the David di Donatello for Best Editing.", "title": "Camera d'albergo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome.", "title": "Embassy of Poland, Rome" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg.", "title": "Germany–Norway relations" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Frazier lens is a special camera lens designed by Australian photographer Jim Frazier. The Frazier lens provides an appearance of a massive depth of field, allowing the foreground and background of an image to be in focus. Frazier's lenses have been widely used in Hollywood and wildlife cinematography. In addition to its unique depth of field properties, the Frazier lens is significantly smaller than previous deep focus lenses allowing more versatility and flexibility to cinematographers. The main feature of the lens, an extended tube with a rotating prism, allows cinematographers to place the camera in a variety of positions for a given shot. Cinematographers then rotate the prism to correct the horizon. This feature allows directors and cameramen to achieve shots in minutes that previously took cinematographers hours in rigging and designing special sets to accommodate shooting positions.", "title": "Frazier lens" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Armenia in London is the diplomatic mission of Armenia in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992.", "title": "Embassy of Armenia, London" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.", "title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.", "title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3 Genre Romance Mystery Drama Created by Gul Khan Creative director (s) Gorky M Starring Barun Sobti Shivani Tomar Opening theme ``Rabba Ve ''by Amit Mishra Country of origin India Original language (s) Hindi No. of episodes 60 as of 25 September 2017 Production Producer (s) Gul Khan Camera setup Multi-camera Running time 20 minutes Production company (s) 4 Lions Films Release Original network Star Plus Picture format 720i (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) Original release 3 July 2017 (2017 - 07 - 03) -- 6 October", "title": "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia.", "title": "Armenia–Singapore relations" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Oslo is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Kingdom of Norway, the ambassador, however, is also accredited to the Republic of Iceland. The chancery is located at Olav Kyrres Plass 1, Oslo.", "title": "Embassy of Poland in Oslo" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claude Buffier (25 May 1661 – 17 May 1737), French philosopher, historian and teacher, was born in Poland of French parents, who returned to France and settled in Rouen soon after his birth.", "title": "Claude Buffier" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.", "title": "Nigerian passport" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mario Monicelli", "id": 602920, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Camera d'albergo >> director", "raw_question": "Camera d'albergo >> director", "statement": "Mario Monicelli was the director of Camera d'albergo." }, { "answer": "Rome", "id": 780678, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Mario Monicelli >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Mario Monicelli was born in Rome." }, { "answer": "Italian Republic", "id": 366897, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Embassy of Poland, Rome >> country", "raw_question": "Embassy of Poland, #2 >> country", "statement": "The Embassy of Poland, Rome is located in the Italian Republic." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Remo Forlani (1927–2009) was a French writer and screenwriter born in Paris to a French mother and an Italian immigrant father.", "title": "Remo Forlani" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. The Huns were victorious.", "title": "Battle of the Tanais River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mehi River, a watercourse that is part of the Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Mehi River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in the 1930s, and a street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s to memorialize this.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paddys River, a watercourse of the Murray catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Australian Alpine region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Paddys River (South West Slopes, New South Wales)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The continent's cultural and ethnic outlook has its origin with the interaction of indigenous peoples with European conquerors and immigrants and, more locally, with African slaves. Given a long history of colonialism, the overwhelming majority of South Americans speak Portuguese or Spanish, and societies and states commonly reflect Western traditions.", "title": "South America" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The average net household income (after social, pension and health insurance contributions) in Paris was €36,085 for 2011. It ranged from €22,095 in the 19th arrondissement to €82,449 in the 7th arrondissement. The median taxable income for 2011 was around €25,000 in Paris and €22,200 for Île-de-France. Generally speaking, incomes are higher in the Western part of the city and in the western suburbs than in the northern and eastern parts of the urban area.[citation needed] Unemployment was estimated at 8.2 percent in the city of Paris and 8.8 percent in the Île-de-France region in the first trimester of 2015. It ranged from 7.6 percent in the wealthy Essonne department to 13.1 percent in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, where many recent immigrants live.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Central America (Spanish: América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate).", "title": "Central America" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fold mountains form when two tectonic plates move towards each other at a convergent plate boundary. Fold mountains form from sedimentary rocks that accumulate along the margins of continents. When plates and the continents riding on them collide, the accumulated layers of rock may crumple and fold like a tablecloth that is pushed across a table, particularly if there is a mechanically weak layer such as salt. They are also present in south africa, in many regions of the Western cape province.", "title": "Fold mountains" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent sacking by Vikings in 845 but Paris' strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris (885–86). In 987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs) was elected King of the Franks (roi des Franks). Under the rule of the Capetian kings, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.", "title": "Tikhaya Sosna River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wallingat River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Wallingat River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barcoongere River, a watercourse of the Wooli Wooli River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Barcoongere River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014. This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls \"urban audit core cities\". The Paris Urban Area, or \"unité urbaine\", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census, the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow. The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The remaining group, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth, are those defined as immigrants under French law. According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific. Note that the immigrants from the Americas and the South Pacific in Paris are vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in these regions of the world.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Immigration to Israel during the late 1940s and early 1950s was aided by the Israeli Immigration Department and the non-government sponsored Mossad LeAliyah Bet (\"Institution for Illegal Immigration\"). Both groups facilitated regular immigration logistics like arranging transportation, but the latter also engaged in clandestine operations in countries, particularly in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, where the lives of Jews were believed to be in danger and exit from those places was difficult. Mossad LeAliyah Bet continued to take part in immigration efforts until its disbanding in 1953. An influx of Holocaust survivors and Jews from Arab and Muslim lands immigrated to Israel during the first 3 years and the number of Jews increased from 700,000 to 1,400,000, many of whom faced persecution in their original countries. The immigration was in accordance with the One Million Plan.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mummel River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Mummel River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria River, a watercourse of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Maria River (Australia)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European migrant crisis, or the European refugee crisis, is a term given to a period beginning in 2015 when rising numbers of people arrived in the European Union (EU), travelling across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe. It is part of a pattern of increased immigration to Europe from other continents which began in the late 20th century and which has encountered resistance in many European countries.", "title": "European migrant crisis" } ]

[ { "answer": "Don", "id": 312602, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Tikhaya Sosna >> mouth of the watercourse", "raw_question": "Tikhaya Sosna >> mouth of the watercourse", "statement": "The mouth of the Don is located in Europe." }, { "answer": "Europe", "id": 629330, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Don >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "The Don is located in the continent of Europe." }, { "answer": "135,853", "id": 29116, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "How many immigrants were in Paris in 2012 from Europe ?", "raw_question": "How many immigrants were in Paris in 2012 from #2 ?", "statement": "There were 135,853 immigrants in Paris in 2012 from Europe." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Naval Aviation Museum, formerly known as the National Museum of Naval Aviation and the Naval Aviation Museum, is a military and aerospace museum located at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida.", "title": "National Naval Aviation Museum" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Immigration Act of 1990 was passed with bipartisan support and signed by President George H.W. Bush. The legislation established the current and permanent Diversity Visa (DV) program, where 55,000 immigrant visas (later reduced to 50,000) are available in an annual lottery. The lottery aims to diversify the immigrant population in the United States, by selecting applicants mostly from countries with low numbers of immigrants to the United States in the previous five years. Starting in fiscal year 1999, 5,000 of the visas from the DV program are reserved for use by the NACARA program, so the number of immigrant visas available in the lottery was reduced to 50,000.", "title": "Diversity Immigrant Visa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of the Philippines in London is the diplomatic mission of the Philippines in the United Kingdom. It is located on a cul-de-sac near Trafalgar Square. The Philippines also maintains a Trade Section at 1a Cumberland House, Kensington Court, South Kensington.", "title": "Embassy of the Philippines, London" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Million Women Rise (MWR) is a women-only march and rally against violence against women, held annually in London on a Saturday close to International Women's Day, 8 March. The march starts in Hyde Park and moves through Oxford Street in the famous West End shopping district, stopping traffic. It is followed by a rally in Trafalgar Square, with survivors of violence speaking to the crowd.", "title": "Million Women Rise" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A micro gallery was a computer-based guide to archives and museum collections, first developed for the collections at the National Gallery in London, UK It took three years to develop by the company Cognitive Applications, and opened in July 1991 as part of the facilities in the Sainsbury Wing. Visitors could use the system to determine which pictures they would like to see in the gallery. It was possible to print out personalised information for use during the visit. The Micro Gallery ran for 14 years and a CD-ROM with similar facilities was produced.", "title": "Micro gallery" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Albert Morris (July 29, 1836 – May 25, 1895) was an American businessman widely known as the \"Lottery King\" and a prominent figure in the sport of thoroughbred horse racing. A native of New Jersey, he benefited from a large inheritance and added substantially to his fortune through a majority interest in the Louisiana State Lottery Company.", "title": "John Albert Morris" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bankplassen ('The Bank Square') is a square in the neighborhood Kvadraturen in Oslo, bounded by Kongens gate, Myntgata and Kirkegata. Before 1953, Agnes Thorsens plass was also part of Bankplassen. The square takes its name after the building of the Christiania Department's Norges Bank located at 3 Bankplassen, built in 1830 as a division office after designs by architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. It is now used by the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design. It received in 2008 an addition designed by architect Sverre Fehn.", "title": "Bankplassen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Throughout the 1980s, a continuous anti-apartheid protest was held outside South Africa House. In 1990, the Poll Tax Riots began by a demonstration attended by 200,000 people and ultimately caused rioting in the surrounding area. More recently, there have been anti-war demonstrations opposing the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War. A large vigil was held shortly after the terrorist bombings in London on Thursday, 7 July 2005.In December 2009, participants from the Camp for Climate Action occupied the square for the two weeks during which the UN Conference on Climate Change took place in Copenhagen. It was billed as a UK base for direct action on climate change and saw various actions and protests stem from the occupation.In March 2011, the square was occupied by a crowd protesting against the UK Budget and proposed budget cuts. During the night the situation turned violent as the escalation by riot police and protesters damaged portions of the square. In November 2015 a vigil against the terrorist attacks in Paris was held. Crowds sang the French national anthem, La Marseillaise, and held banners in support of the city and country.Every year on the anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar (21 October), the Sea Cadet Corps holds a parade in honour of Admiral Lord Nelson and the British victory over the combined fleets of Spain and France at Trafalgar. The Royal British Legion holds a Silence in the Square event on Armistice Day, 11 November, in remembrance of those who died in war. The event includes music and poetry readings, culminating in a bugler playing the Last Post and a two-minute silence at 11 am.", "title": "Trafalgar Square" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The charity National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty holds a contrasting role. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. Some of the best-known of these are: Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others.There are many museums in England, but perhaps the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books. The most senior art gallery is the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial Turner Prize.", "title": "England" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture.", "title": "Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology (often referred to as the MoST) is a science and technology museum located in the Armory Square neighborhood of Downtown Syracuse, New York. The Museum includes 35,000 square feet of exhibits, Science Shop, the only domed IMAX theater in New York State, and a planetarium. The MOST is located in the former Syracuse Armory.", "title": "Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lotto 6/49 is one of three national lottery games in Canada. Launched on June 12, 1982, Lotto 6/49 was the first nationwide Canadian lottery game to allow players to choose their own numbers. Previous national games, such as the Olympic Lottery, Loto Canada and Superloto used pre-printed numbers on tickets. Lotto 6/49 led to the gradual phase-out of that type of lottery game in Canada.", "title": "Lotto 6/49" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London. The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, are approximately 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W / 51.50722; -0.12750.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees.", "title": "National Museum of Natural History" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A 1934 Act, further liberalised in 1956 and 1976, legalised small lotteries. The UK's state - franchised lottery was set up under government licence by the government of John Major in 1993. The National Lottery is franchised to a private operator; the Camelot Group was awarded the franchise on 25 May 1994. The first draw took place on 19 November 1994 with a television programme presented by Noel Edmonds. The first numbers drawn were 30, 3, 5, 44, 14 and 22, the bonus was 10, and seven jackpot winners shared a prize of £5,874,778.", "title": "National Lottery (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Man Enters the Cosmos is a cast bronze sculpture by Henry Moore located on the Lake Michigan lakefront outside the Adler Planetarium in the Museum Campus area of downtown Chicago, Illinois. The planetarium, which is both a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in the Near South Side community area of Chicago. Moore's sculpture is a functional bowstring equatorial sundial created in 1980 measuring approximately . The sundial was formerly located slightly further south at the steps of the main entry plaza to the Planetarium, but it now sits directly on the lakefront. The work is a later copy of a composition first created in the 1960s for the offices of \"The Times\" newspaper at Printing House Square in London, and according to the Henry Moore Foundation is titled Sundial 1965–66.", "title": "Man Enters the Cosmos" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Lottery (Irish: An Crannchur Náisiúnta) is the state lottery of Republic of Ireland. It was created when the Republic of Ireland government passed the National Lottery Act, 1986 to help raise funds for good causes. The eligible causes are sport and recreation, health and welfare, national heritage and the arts, the Irish language, and the natural environment.", "title": "National Lottery (Ireland)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Ford Academy is the first charter school in the United States to be developed jointly by a global corporation, public education, and a major nonprofit cultural institution. The school is sponsored by the Ford Motor Company, Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency and The Henry Ford Museum and admits high school students. It is located in Dearborn, Michigan on the campus of the Henry Ford museum. Enrollment is taken from a lottery in the area and totaled 467 in 2010.", "title": "Henry Ford Academy" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square.", "title": "London" } ]

[ { "answer": "the National Gallery", "id": 26417, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Which London museum is prominently located in Trafalgar Square?", "raw_question": "Which London museum is prominently located in Trafalgar Square?", "statement": "The National Gallery is prominently located in Trafalgar Square." }, { "answer": "UK", "id": 449353, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "the National Gallery >> country", "raw_question": "#1 >> country", "statement": "The National Gallery is found in the UK." }, { "answer": "1993", "id": 64275, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "when did the national lottery start in UK", "raw_question": "when did the national lottery start in #2", "statement": "The national lottery started in the UK in 1993." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Just for Kicks is an American comedy series that aired on the Nickelodeon television network as a part of the channel's TEENick television lineup. The series is about a group of girls on a soccer team set in New York City.", "title": "Just for Kicks (TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nine Thirty Curtain was a dramatic anthology television series which aired on the DuMont Television Network from October 16, 1953, to January 1, 1954. The 30-minute show aired on Fridays at 9:30 pm ET.", "title": "Nine Thirty Curtain" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Regular Show: The Movie is a 2015 American animated science - fiction buddy comedy film based on the Cartoon Network original series, Regular Show. It is produced by Cartoon Network Studios and had its television premiere on November 25, 2015 on Cartoon Network.", "title": "Regular Show: The Movie" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McCracken conceived the series after adopting two dogs from an animal shelter and applying the concept to imaginary friends. The show first premiered on Cartoon Network on August 13, 2004, as a 90 - minute television film. On August 20, it began its normal run of twenty - to - thirty - minute episodes on Fridays, at 7 p.m. The series finished its run on May 3, 2009, with a total of six seasons and seventy - nine episodes. McCracken left Cartoon Network shortly after the series ended. Reruns air on Boomerang.", "title": "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"They Shoot Humphreys, Don't They?\" is the 52nd episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". It was also the ninth episode of the show’s third season. The episode was written by Amanda Lasher and directed by Alison MacLean. The episode was considered very polemic according to the Parents Television Council. It originally aired on Monday, November 9, 2009 on the CW.", "title": "They Shoot Humphreys, Don't They?" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Debbie Reynolds Show is an American sitcom which aired on the NBC television network during the 1969–70 television season. The series was produced by Filmways.", "title": "The Debbie Reynolds Show" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fox & Friends is a daily morning conservative news / talk program that airs on Fox News Channel, hosted by Steve Doocy, Brian Kilmeade, and Ainsley Earhardt.", "title": "Fox & Friends" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Picker Sisters is an American reality television show airing on the Lifetime network. The series premiered on August 2, 2011.", "title": "Picker Sisters" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chicagoland Mystery Players was a live television series first shown on local station WGN-TV in Chicago starting in 1949, then picked up by the DuMont Television Network and first aired on the network September 11, 1949. The 30-minute show aired on Sundays at 8pm ET.", "title": "Chicagoland Mystery Players" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Hurt Locket\" is the 56th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". It was also the thirteen episode of the show's third season. The episode was written by Sara Goodman and directed by Tony Wharmby. It originally aired on Monday, March 8, 2010 on the CW.", "title": "The Hurt Locket" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Gone Maybe Gone\" is the first episode of the sixth and final season of the American television teen drama, \"Gossip Girl\" and the show's 112th episode overall. Written by series developers Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage and directed by Mark Piznarski, the episode was originally broadcast on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on October 8, 2012.", "title": "Gone Maybe Gone" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Upside Down Show is an Australian children's television show originally aired on Noggin, Nick Jr. Australia, ABC (episode 3), Seven Network (episodes 4, 6–9), Nine Network (episodes 5, 10–11, and 13), and Network Ten (episodes 1–2 and 12). The series was the recipient of a 2007 Logie Award, and also won the Creative Craft Daytime Emmy Award for Main Title Design, and a Parents' Choice Award Silver Honor for Television.", "title": "The Upside Down Show" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chicago Teddy Bears is an American sitcom that aired on CBS. The series was part of the network's 1971 fall lineup, premiering on September 17, 1971.", "title": "The Chicago Teddy Bears" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The show pushed Fox to become the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18–49, the key demographic coveted by advertisers, for an unprecedented eight consecutive years by 2012. Its success also helped lift the ratings of other shows that were scheduled around it such as House and Bones, and Idol, for years, had become Fox's strongest platform primetime television program for promoting eventual hit shows of the 2010s (of the same network) such as Glee and New Girl. The show, its creator Simon Fuller claimed, \"saved Fox\".", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"New York, I Love You XOXO\" is the series finale of \"Gossip Girl\". The episode serves as the tenth episode of the sixth season and the show's 121st episode overall. Written by Stephanie Savage, and directed by Mark Piznarski, the series finale originally aired on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on December 17, 2012.", "title": "New York, I Love You XOXO" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Belles de Jour\" is the 66th episode of the CW television series \"Gossip Girl\", as well as the season premiere of the show's fourth season. The episode was written by Joshua Safran and Stephanie Savage and directed by Mark Piznarski. It originally aired on Monday, September 13, 2010 on the CW. The episode filmed several scenes in Paris, a move that was heavily promoted by the show's network and commended by critics. A promotional video entitled \"Oh Mon Dieu\" used a French rendition of Nancy Sinatra's \"These Boots Were Made For Walking\" to advertise the season premiere.", "title": "Belles de Jour" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Don Lane Show was an Australian talk show television series aired on Nine Network in 1975 until 10 November 1983. Don Lane co-hosted the show with Bert Newton.", "title": "The Don Lane Show" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Debarted\" is the 55th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". It was also the twelfth episode of the show's third season. The episode was written by executive producer and one of the series' creator Stephanie Savage and directed by Jason Ensler. It originally aired on Monday, December 7, 2009 on the CW.", "title": "The Debarted (Gossip Girl)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Knight Fall\" is the eighteenth episode of the sixth season of the American medical drama \"House\" and it is the 127th episode overall. It aired on April 19, 2010 and was directed by Juan J. Campanella.", "title": "Knight Fall" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tattingers (later Tattinger's) is an American comedy-drama series that aired by the NBC television network as part of its 1988 fall lineup. After failing in the Nielsen ratings as an hour-long program, the plot and characters were briefly revived in the spring of 1989 as the half-hour sitcom \"Nick & Hillary\".", "title": "Tattingers" } ]

[ { "answer": "House", "id": 153511, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What series is Knight Fall a part of?", "raw_question": "What series is Knight Fall a part of?", "statement": "Knight Fall is a part of the series House." }, { "answer": "Fox", "id": 3427, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "What television network originally aired the show House ?", "raw_question": "What television network originally aired the show #1 ?", "statement": "Fox originally aired the show House." }, { "answer": "Ainsley Earhardt", "id": 43556, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "who is the girl on Fox and friends", "raw_question": "who is the girl on #2 and friends", "statement": "Ainsley Earhardt is the girl on Fox and Friends." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goodings Grove was a census-designated place in northern Will County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,084 at the 2000 census. It ceased to exist as an entity upon the incorporation of the village of Homer Glen, Illinois in 2001.", "title": "Goodings Grove, Illinois" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "James A. Chapman was born April 3, 1881 to Phillip and Roxana Chapman in Ellis County, Texas. He moved to Holdenville, Oklahoma in 1901. He was a co-founder of first Holdenville Oil and Gas Company, then McMan Oil Company, and finally McMan Oil and Gas Company with his uncle and father-in-law Robert M. McFarlin. The companies participated in the exploitation of the Glenn Pool and Cushing oil fields of Oklahoma in the early 20th century. The McMan Oil Company was sold to the Magnolia Petroleum Company for $39,000,000 in 1916, and the McMan Oil and Gas Company was sold to the Standard Oil (Indiana) subsidiary Dixie Oil for $20 million in 1930.", "title": "James A. Chapman" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Below is the list of populated places in Tunceli Province, Turkey by the districts. In the following lists first place in each list is the administrative center of the district.", "title": "List of populated places in Tunceli Province" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "State of Kansas Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Sunflower State (official); The Wheat State; The Free State Motto (s): Ad astra per aspera (Latin for To the stars through difficulties) State song (s): ``Home on the Range ''Official language English Demonym Kansan Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Largest metro Greater Kansas City Area Ranked 15th Total 82,278 sq mi (213,100 km) Width 410 miles (660 km) Length 213 miles (343 km)% water 0.6 Latitude 37 ° N to 40 ° N Longitude 94 ° 35 ′ W to 102 ° 3 ′ W Population Ranked 35th Total 2,913,123 (2017 est.) Density 35.1 / sq mi (13.5 / km) Ranked 40th Median household income $54,865 (30th) Elevation Highest point Mount Sunflower 4,041 ft (1232 m) Mean 2,000 ft (610 m) Lowest point Verdigris River at Oklahoma border 679 ft (207 m) Before statehood Kansas Territory Admission to Union January 29, 1861 Kansas Day (34th) Governor Jeff Colyer (R) Lieutenant Governor Tracey Mann (R) Legislature Kansas Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Pat Roberts (R) Jerry Moran (R) U.S. House delegation Roger Marshall (R) Lynn Jenkins (R) Kevin Yoder (R) Ron Estes (R) (list) Time zones Majority of state Central: UTC − 6 / − 5 Greeley, Hamilton, Sherman, and Wallace counties Mountain: UTC − 7 / − 6 ISO 3166 US - KS Abbreviations KS, Kan., Kans. Website www.kansas.gov", "title": "Kansas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cherokee City is an unincorporated census-designated place in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population is 72. It is the location of (or is the nearest community to) Coon Creek Bridge, which is located on Cty Rd. 24 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The community was named for the Cherokee Indians, since the Trail of Tears crossed the landscape when the Cherokee migrated west to Indian territory, now Oklahoma in the late 1830s. The town is about 5 miles east of Oklahoma and 4 miles south of the Missouri state line.", "title": "Cherokee City, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Below is the list of populated places in Denizli Province, Turkey by the districts. In the following lists first place in each list is the administrative center of the district", "title": "List of populated places in Denizli Province" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Stokes Millner MD (1830 – 25 February 1875) was a medical practitioner and administrator in the early history of the Northern Territory of Australia.", "title": "James Millner (doctor)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ellis County is the official German Capital of Kansas. German immigrants settled in Hays, Ellis, Victoria, and nearby villages in the 1870s and 1880s.", "title": "Ellis County, Kansas" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Mather (c. 1750 in England – 1821 in St. James Parish, Louisiana) was mayor of New Orleans from March 9, 1807 to May 23, 1812, at which time he resigned. Mather's five-year administration overlapped, by a few weeks, the transition from the United States' Territory of Orleans period to the State of Louisiana's antebellum period, with New Orleans serving as the first state capital.", "title": "James Mather" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Chapman (27 December 1831 Cape Town - 4 February 1872 Kimberley), was a South African explorer, hunter, trader and photographer.", "title": "James Chapman (explorer)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ellis County", "id": 295061, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "James A. Chapman >> place of birth", "raw_question": "James A. Chapman >> place of birth", "statement": "James A. Chapman was born in Ellis County." }, { "answer": "Kansas", "id": 384252, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Ellis County >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Ellis County is located in the state of Kansas." }, { "answer": "2,913,123", "id": 49700, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "what is the population of the state of Kansas", "raw_question": "what is the population of the state of #2", "statement": "The population of Kansas is 2,913,123." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helena Frisk (born 1965) is a Swedish politician of the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Riksdag from 1994 to 2006. Frisk has been a substitute member of the Riksdag since 2006, replacing Matilda Ernkrans.", "title": "Helena Frisk" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Father Hennepin is an American alternative country band from Duluth, Minnesota. Since releasing the debut album \"Crooked With Gin\" in 2001, the band has been perennial headliners of the Homegrown Music Festival in Duluth.", "title": "Father Hennepin (band)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Blue Ai n't Your Color ''is a song written by Steven Lee Olsen, Hillary Lindsey, and Clint Lagerberg and recorded by New Zealand - born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 8 August 2016 as the fourth single from his 2016 album Ripcord.", "title": "Blue Ain't Your Color" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff (Russian: Марта Людвиговна Нобель-Олейникова), née Marta Helena Nobel (9 October 1881, Saint Petersburg – 1973, Stockholm), was a Russian-Swedish physician and philanthropist and member of the Nobel family. She was the daughter of industrialist and humanitarian Ludvig Nobel and the niece of Alfred Nobel.", "title": "Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bengt Lagerberg (born 5 July 1973), is best known as the drummer in the Swedish rock band The Cardigans. He is currently living in Malmö.", "title": "Bengt Lagerberg" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In All Star Comics #72, Helena formally joined the Justice Society of America where she struck up a friendship with fellow new superheroine Power Girl. As a JSA member, she participated in several of the annual JLA/JSA meetings, most of which took place on Earth-One. Helena was also briefly associated with the superhero group Infinity, Inc..", "title": "Huntress (comics)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The national bird of Saint Helena is the Saint Helena plover, known locally as the wirebird. It appears on the coat of arms of Saint Helena and on the flag.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg (20 January 1562 – 15 February 1605 in Frankfurt) was the youngest daughter of Count Philip III (1526-1561) and Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern (1532-1579). She was born after her father's death and remained unmarried.", "title": "Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Helen of Sweden ( 1190 – 1247, Swedish: \"Helena\") was a Swedish princess and abbess, daughter of King Sverker II of Sweden and the mother of Queen Catherine of Sweden. She was Abbess of Vreta Abbey.", "title": "Helen of Sweden (13th century)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Eckerman was the daughter of Bengt Edvard Eckerman, cavalry captain of the Royal Scanian Husars, and the writer Catharina Ahlgren. Her father was the cousin of Carl Fredrik Ekerman, speaker of the burghers in the Swedish parliament, and her mother was at one point the \"kammarfru\" of the queen, Louisa Ulrika of Prussia.", "title": "Charlotte Eckerman" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John VIII Palaiologos was the eldest son of Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena Dragaš, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine Dragaš. He was associated as co-emperor with his father before 1416 and became sole emperor in 1425.", "title": "John VIII Palaiologos" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Köppäbävisan\" is a song written and recorded by Bengt Pegefelt, releasing it as a single in 1980, scoring a major hit in Sweden topping the Swedish singles chart between 8 May-5 June 1981. The song also charted at Svensktoppen for 10 weeks between 5 April-14 June (in a time where no song was allowed to chart longer than 10 weeks), and even topped the chart.", "title": "Köppäbävisan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kerstin \"Helena\" Bouveng (born 9 August 1962) is a Swedish politician of the Moderate Party. She has been Member of the Riksdag since the 2006 general election, representing her home constituency Jönköping County.", "title": "Helena Bouveng" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most residents belong to the Anglican Communion and are members of the Diocese of St Helena, which has its own bishop and includes Ascension Island. The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Blue Ai n't Your Color ''is a song recorded by New Zealand - born Australian country music singer Keith Urban and written by Steven Lee Olsen, Hillary Lindsey and Clint Lagerberg. It was released on 8 August 2016 as the fourth single from his ninth studio album, Ripcord, through Hit Red and Capitol Nashville. The song was produced by Dann Huff.", "title": "Blue Ain't Your Color" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arguably, Bengt Snivil was that Bengt or Benedict, who was son of riksjarl Folke the Fat and Ingegerd Knutsdotter of Denmark, daughter of king Canute IV of Denmark.", "title": "Bengt Snivil" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Cardigans are a Swedish rock band formed in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1992 by guitarist Peter Svensson, bassist Magnus Sveningsson, drummer Bengt Lagerberg, keyboardist Lars-Olof Johansson and lead singer Nina Persson. The group's line-up has been very stable, the only change being that their post-hiatus shows since 2012 have been with Oskar Humlebo on guitar instead of Svensson.", "title": "The Cardigans" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other Christian denominations on the island include: Roman Catholic (since 1852), Salvation Army (since 1884), Baptist (since 1845) and, in more recent times, Seventh-day Adventist (since 1949), New Apostolic and Jehovah's Witnesses (of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles the Deaf () from the House of Bjelbo was the jarl of Sweden during 1216–1220. His father was magnate Bengt Snivil. He was the brother of Magnus Minnesköld and jarl Birger Brosa and father of jarl Ulf Fase. Charles died at the Battle of Lihula in Estonia August 8, 1220.", "title": "Charles the Deaf" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ari was the daughter of Senator Sandar, a high - ranking member of the Ape Senate. She was portrayed by Helena Bonham Carter", "title": "List of Planet of the Apes characters" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Cardigans", "id": 366739, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Bengt Lagerberg >> member of", "raw_question": "Bengt Lagerberg >> member of", "statement": "Bengt Lagerberg is a member of The Cardigans." }, { "answer": "Sweden", "id": 106790, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What country released The The Cardigans ?", "raw_question": "What country released The #1 ?", "statement": "Sweden released The Cardigans." }, { "answer": "Sverker II of Sweden", "id": 125168, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Who fathered Helena Sverkersdotter of Sweden ?", "raw_question": "Who fathered Helena Sverkersdotter of #2 ?", "statement": "Sverker II of Sweden fathered Helena Sverkersdotter of Sweden." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!\" The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin \"must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous études and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer. In the 20th century, composers who paid homage to (or in some cases parodied) the music of Chopin included George Crumb, Bohuslav Martinů, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Heitor Villa-Lobos.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and \"gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life.\" Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's \"general factotum and copyist\".", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that \"As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.\" The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by the American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The story takes place during the 19th century somewhere in the South, where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "title": "The Storm (short story)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: \"Hats off, gentlemen! A genius.\" On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration. The critic François-Joseph Fétis wrote in the Revue et gazette musicale: \"Here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ...\" After this concert, Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as Hiller, Liszt, and Berlioz. He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe. This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery, which included Chopin's sister Ludwika, was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski. The pallbearers included Delacroix, Franchomme, and Camille Pleyel. At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne. She spent most of her childhood in France while Scotland was ruled by regents, and in 1558, she married the Dauphin of France, Francis. He ascended the French throne as King Francis II in 1559, and Mary briefly became queen consort of France, until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561. Four years later, she married her first cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, but their union was unhappy. In February 1567, his residence was destroyed by an explosion, and Darnley was found murdered in the garden.", "title": "Mary, Queen of Scots" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that \"all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from \"urbanised\" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin \"felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely\" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Édouard Wolff (1816–1880) and Pierre Zimmermann. Debussy dedicated his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin; he frequently played Chopin's music during his studies at the Paris Conservatoire, and undertook the editing of Chopin's piano music for the publisher Jacques Durand.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała \"My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores\", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was \"closer to the grave than the nuptial bed.\" He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—\"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere\", he wrote to Grzymała.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane, as did the number of his pupils, and this, together with the political strife and instability of the time, caused him to struggle financially. In February 1848, with the cellist Auguste Franchomme, he gave his last Paris concert, which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jane Stirling", "id": 680, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?", "raw_question": "Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?", "statement": "Jane Stirling gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment." }, { "answer": "Scotland", "id": 669, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Where did Jane Stirling invite Chopin?", "raw_question": "Where did #1 invite Chopin?", "statement": "Jane Stirling invited Chopin to Scotland." }, { "answer": "19 August 1561", "id": 56195, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "when does mary go to Scotland in reign", "raw_question": "when does mary go to #2 in reign", "statement": "Mary goes to Scotland on 19 August 1561." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In many countries, age is reckoned from the date of birth, and sometimes the birthday is celebrated annually. East Asian age reckoning starts newborns at \"1\", incrementing each Lunar New Year.", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas.", "title": "Christmas" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, a ministry of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport, and transport research, in order to increase the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in India. Road transport is a critical infrastructure for economic development of the country. It influences the pace, structure and pattern of development. In India, roads are used to transport over 60% of the total goods and 85% of the passenger traffic. Hence, development of this sector is of paramount importance for the India and accounts for a significant part in the budget. Since May 2014, the Minister for Road Transport and Highways is Nitin Gadkari.", "title": "Ministry of Road Transport and Highways" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Hawk helicopter series can perform a wide array of missions, including the tactical transport of troops, electronic warfare, and aeromedical evacuation. A VIP version known as the VH - 60N is used to transport important government officials (e.g., Congress, Executive departments) with the helicopter's call sign of ``Marine One ''when transporting the President of the United States. In air assault operations, it can move a squad of 11 combat troops or reposition a 105 mm M119 howitzer with 30 rounds ammunition, and a four - man crew in a single lift. The Black Hawk is equipped with advanced avionics and electronics for increased survivability and capability, such as the Global Positioning System.", "title": "Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An icon in his country of birth, Ycaza's success inspired other diminutive Panamanian youngsters to pursue a career as a jockey. In 1962, \"Sports Illustrated\" magazine published an article about the \"Spanish invasion\" of American Thoroughbred horse racing led by Ycaza.", "title": "Manuel Ycaza" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British researchers Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett have found higher rates of health and social problems (obesity, mental illness, homicides, teenage births, incarceration, child conflict, drug use), and lower rates of social goods (life expectancy by country, educational performance, trust among strangers, women's status, social mobility, even numbers of patents issued) in countries and states with higher inequality. Using statistics from 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah and New Hampshire with high levels of equality, than in countries (US and UK) and states (Mississippi and New York) with large differences in household income.", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The total length of roads in Nepal is recorded to be (17,182 km (10,676 mi)), as of 2003–04. This fairly large network has helped the economic development of the country, particularly in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, vegetable farming, industry and also tourism. In view of the hilly terrain, transportation takes place in Kathmandu are mainly by road and air. Kathmandu is connected by the Tribhuvan Highway to the south, Prithvi Highway to the west and Araniko Highway to the north. The BP Highway, connecting Kathmandu to the eastern part of Nepal is under construction.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. Millennials are sometimes referred to as ``echo boomers ''due to a major surge in birth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and because millennials are often the children of the baby boomers. The 20th - century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the`` baby boom echo'' was generally less pronounced than the post -- World War II baby boom.", "title": "Millennials" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (IAST: Saड़ka Parivahana va Rājamārga Maṃtrālaya), is a ministry of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport, and transport research, in order to increase the mobility and efficiency of the road transport system in India. Road transport is a critical infrastructure for economic development of the country. It influences the pace, structure and pattern of development. In India, roads are used to transport over 60% of the total goods and 85% of the passenger traffic. Hence, development of this sector is of paramount importance for the India and accounts for a significant part in the budget. Since May 2014, the Minister for Road Transport and Highways is Nitin Gadkari.", "title": "Ministry of Road Transport and Highways" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed ``Producers' Auditions '', they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held. Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the`` Judges' Auditions'', which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Thunderman (Diego Velazquez) is the third - born Thunderman child. He is an energetic little brother to Phoebe and Max and older brother to Nora and Chloe. His superpower is super-speed. In one episode, it was revealed that Barb gave birth to Billy in the air while her husband was transporting her to a hospital, implying that Billy likely hit his head after birth, which is probably why he is sometimes unintelligent.", "title": "List of The Thundermans characters" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tyron Akins (born 6 January 1986) is a US-born hurdler competing internationally for Nigeria. He switched allegiance from his country of birth to Nigeria in 2014 and has since won several medals on the continental level.", "title": "Tyron Akins" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.", "title": "International Who's Who in Music" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bingo Bongo is a 1982 Italian family comedy film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile and starring Adriano Celentano as an Italian Tarzan character escaping across Milan.", "title": "Bingo Bongo" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song \"Flying Without Wings\" with his single release from the show \"This Is the Night\", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Svalutation is the 16th album by Italian singer Adriano Celentano, issued in 1976. The word \"svalutation\" is a mock English word coined after the Italian \"svalutazione\", which correctly translates to \"devaluation\", and the title track ironizes on the Italian economical and political crisis of the time.", "title": "Svalutation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Milan has an extensive internal transport network and is also an important transportation node in Italy, being one of the country's biggest hubs for air, rail and road networks.", "title": "Transport in Milan" } ]

[ { "answer": "Adriano Celentano", "id": 662908, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Svalutation >> performer", "raw_question": "Svalutation >> performer", "statement": "Adriano Celentano is the performer of Svalutation." }, { "answer": "Milan", "id": 618888, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Adriano Celentano >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Adriano Celentano was born in Milan." }, { "answer": "Italy", "id": 221665, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Transport in Milan >> country", "raw_question": "Transport in #2 >> country", "statement": "The transport in Milan is in Italy." } ]

[ "ITA", "IT", "Italia", "it" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fishing Child (Chinese: 渔童) is a Chinese animated featurette produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is also referred to as \"\"Fisher Boy\"\".", "title": "Fishing Child" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "However, in the US after World War II, there was a huge increase in sales of prepared foods that could be purchased from restaurants, and heated or finished at home. Chinese food proved to be a popular choice, since it was tasty, unusual, fairly inexpensive and traveled well. The oyster pail was quickly adopted for ``Chinese takeout ''. The paperboard pails were to some extent self - insulating, and could be used for a wide variety of foods including cooked rice, moist dishes such as egg foo young and sauced dishes, though they were generally unsuitable for hot highly liquid dishes such as soups.", "title": "Oyster pail" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses)", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The central government estimates that over 7,000 inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake. Chinese citizens have since invented a catch phrase: \"tofu-dregs schoolhouses\" (Chinese: 豆腐渣校舍), to mock both the quality and the quantity of these inferior constructions that killed so many school children. Due to the one-child policy, many families lost their only child when schools in the region collapsed during the earthquake. Consequently, Sichuan provincial and local officials have lifted the restriction for families whose only child was either killed or severely injured in the disaster. So-called \"illegal children\" under 18 years of age may be registered as legal replacements for their dead siblings; if the dead child was illegal, no further outstanding fines would apply. Reimbursement would not, however, be offered for fines that were already levied.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 15 describes the process of impeachment and lists grounds on which to impeach judges. The House of Representatives is granted the power of impeachment.", "title": "Constitution of Texas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Similar to the British system, Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. national government. (Various state constitutions include similar measures, allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government.) In contrast to the British system, in the United States impeachment is only the first of two stages, and conviction during the second stage requires a two - thirds majority vote. Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office; it is only a legal statement of charges, parallel to an indictment in criminal law. An official who is impeached faces a second legislative vote (whether by the same body or another), which determines conviction, or failure to convict, on the charges embodied by the impeachment. Most constitutions require a supermajority to convict. Although the subject of the charge is criminal action, it does not constitute a criminal trial; the only question under consideration is the removal of the individual from office, and the possibility of a subsequent vote preventing the removed official from ever again holding political office in the jurisdiction where he or she was removed. Impeachment with respect to political office should not be confused with witness impeachment.", "title": "Impeachment" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ninth congress, which opened on March 26, began with an extraordinary session of the Congress of People's Deputies taking up discussions of emergency measures to defend the constitution, including impeachment of President Yeltsin. Yeltsin conceded that he had made mistakes and reached out to swing voters in parliament. Yeltsin narrowly survived an impeachment vote on March 28, votes for impeachment falling 72 short of the 689 votes needed for a 2/3 majority. The similar proposal to dismiss Ruslan Khasbulatov, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet was defeated by a wider margin (339 in favour of the motion), though 614 deputies had initially been in favour of including the re-election of the chairman in the agenda, a tell-tale sign of the weakness of Khasbulatov's own positions (517 votes for would have sufficed to dismiss the speaker).By the time of the ninth Congress, the legislative branch was dominated by the joint communist-nationalist Russian Unity bloc, which included representatives of the CPRF and the Fatherland faction (communists, retired military personnel, and other deputies of a socialist orientation), Agrarian Union, and the faction \"Russia\" led by Sergey Baburin. Together with more 'centrist' groups (e.g. 'Change' (Смена)), the Yeltsin supporters ('Democratic Russia', 'Radical democrats') were clearly left in the minority.", "title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.", "title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Just Another Pandora's Box, also known as Once Upon a Chinese Classic, is a 2010 Hong Kong parody film directed by Jeffrey Lau, starring Ronald Cheng, Gigi Leung, Betty Sun, Eric Tsang, Huang Bo, Guo Degang, Gillian Chung, and Patrick Tam. It is a spiritual successor to Lau's two-part 1995 film \"A Chinese Odyssey\". Athena Chu, who starred in \"A Chinese Odyssey\", makes a guest appearance in \"Just Another Pandora's Box\".", "title": "Just Another Pandora's Box" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Senate also has a role in ratifying treaties. The Constitution provides that the president may only \"make Treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur\" in order to benefit from the Senate's advice and consent and give each state an equal vote in the process. However, not all international agreements are considered treaties under US domestic law, even if they are considered treaties under international law. Congress has passed laws authorizing the president to conclude executive agreements without action by the Senate. Similarly, the president may make congressional-executive agreements with the approval of a simple majority in each House of Congress, rather than a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Neither executive agreements nor congressional-executive agreements are mentioned in the Constitution, leading some scholars such as Laurence Tribe and John Yoo to suggest that they unconstitutionally circumvent the treaty-ratification process. However, courts have upheld the validity of such agreements.The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to impeach federal officials for \"Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors\" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. If the sitting president of the United States is being tried, the chief justice of the United States presides over the trial. During an impeachment trial, senators are constitutionally required to sit on oath or affirmation. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of the senators present. A convicted official is automatically removed from office; in addition, the Senate may stipulate that the defendant be banned from holding office. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2009, another Kenyan journalist brought up the subject of the 2000 marriage proposal to then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during a town hall meeting with reporters. After a pause, Secretary Clinton replied saying, \"My daughter is her own person. I will convey this very kind offer.\" Chepkurgor expressed happiness that his original marriage offer had been renewed in an interview with the BBC. Chepkurgor added at the time that his first wife, Grace, \"did not object\" to his proposal to Chelsea Clinton.", "title": "Godwin Chepkurgor" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC, enabled farmers to carefully plant crops in rows instead of casting seeds out by hand. The heavy moldboard iron plow, also invented during the Han dynasty, required only one man to control it, two oxen to pull it. It had three plowshares, a seed box for the drills, a tool which turned down the soil and could sow roughly 45,730 m2 (11.3 acres) of land in a single day.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State legislatures can impeach state officials, including governors. The court for the trial of impeachments may differ somewhat from the federal model -- in New York, for instance, the Assembly (lower house) impeaches, and the State Senate tries the case, but the members of the seven - judge New York State Court of Appeals (the state's highest, constitutional court) sit with the senators as jurors as well. Impeachment and removal of governors has happened occasionally throughout the history of the United States, usually for corruption charges. A total of at least eleven U.S. state governors have faced an impeachment trial; a twelfth, Governor Lee Cruce of Oklahoma, escaped impeachment conviction by a single vote in 1912. Several others, most recently Connecticut's John G. Rowland, have resigned rather than face impeachment, when events seemed to make it inevitable. The most recent impeachment of a state governor occurred on January 14, 2009, when the Illinois House of Representatives voted 117 - 1 to impeach Rod Blagojevich on corruption charges; he was subsequently removed from office and barred from holding future office by the Illinois Senate on January 29. He was the eighth U.S. state governor to be removed from office.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment proceedings may be commenced by a member of the House of Representatives on her or his own initiative, either by presenting a list of the charges under oath or by asking for referral to the appropriate committee. The impeachment process may be initiated by non-members. For example, when the Judicial Conference of the United States suggests a federal judge be impeached, a charge of actions constituting grounds for impeachment may come from a special prosecutor, the President, or state or territorial legislature, grand jury, or by petition.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Let's Impeach the President\" is a protest song written, produced and recorded by Neil Young. It is the seventh track on his 2006 studio album \"Living with War\".", "title": "Let's Impeach the President" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In contrast with amateur boxing, professional bouts are typically much longer and can last up to twelve rounds, though less significant fights can be as short as four rounds. Protective headgear is not permitted, and boxers are generally allowed to take substantial punishment before a fight is halted. Professional boxing has enjoyed a much higher profile than amateur boxing throughout the 20th century and beyond.", "title": "Professional boxing" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``My House ''is a song by American recording artist Flo Rida from his 2015 EP of the same name. The song was released as the album's third official single on October 13, 2015 in the US. The song contains a sample from`` Impeach the President'' by The Honey Drippers.", "title": "My House (Flo Rida song)" } ]

[ { "answer": "the US", "id": 89787, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "where was the chinese take out box invented", "raw_question": "where was the chinese take out box invented", "statement": "The Chinese takeout box was invented in the US." }, { "answer": "Bill Clinton", "id": 49283, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "who was the last president of the the US to be impeached", "raw_question": "who was the last president of the #1 to be impeached", "statement": "Bill Clinton was the last president of the US to be impeached." }, { "answer": "Chelsea Clinton", "id": 632017, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Bill Clinton >> child", "raw_question": "#2 >> child", "statement": "Chelsea Clinton is the child of Bill Clinton." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Realdo Colombo (c. 1515, Cremona – 1559, Rome) was an Italian professor of anatomy and a surgeon at the University of Padua between 1544 and 1559.", "title": "Realdo Colombo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Mechtilde of Hackeborn (1240/1241 – 19 November 1298) was a Saxon Christian saint (from what is now Germany) and a Benedictine nun. In the modern Benedictine calendar, her feast is celebrated on the anniversary of her death, November 19. She died in the monastery of Helfta.", "title": "Mechtilde" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dom Rosendo Salvado Rotea OSB (1 March 1814 – 29 December 1900) was a Spanish Benedictine monk, missionary, bishop, author, founder and first Abbot of the Territorial Abbey of New Norcia, in Western Australia.", "title": "Rosendo Salvado" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Subiaco Abbey is an American Benedictine monastery located in the Arkansas River valley of Logan County, Arkansas, part of the Swiss-American Congregation of Benedictine monasteries. The abbey and the preparatory school it operates, Subiaco Academy, are major features of the town of Subiaco, Arkansas. It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Little Rock and is named after the original Subiaco Abbey in Italy, the first monastery founded by Saint Benedict.", "title": "Subiaco Abbey (Arkansas)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At thirteen he went as a choir-boy of the Benedictine Abbey of Saints Ulrich and Afra in Augsburg and was a pupil for six years in the Jesuit gymnasium of the same city. He entered the Abbey of Saints Ulrich and Afra as a novice on 13 May 1775 and was ordained a priest on 18 September 1779.", "title": "Placidus Braun" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trinidad is an elevated metro station on the Line 4 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. The side platforms and tracks are wrapped in a large elliptical cross section tube. The station has a mezzanine area below the tracks.", "title": "Trinidad metro station" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He also worked the All-Star games in 1985 and 1995, the 1989 National League Championship Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Chicago Cubs, the 1997 NLCS between the Florida Marlins and the Atlanta Braves, and the 1999 National League Division Series. He ejected San Diego Padres first baseman Steve Garvey from a June, 1986 game between the Padres and the Atlanta Braves, the only ejection of Garvey's career, then ejected Padres manager Steve Boros the next day when Boros tried to present a videotape of the call Williams ejected Garvey over. He was also an umpire on September 28, 1988 when Orel Hershiser set the Major League record for consecutive scoreless innings pitched. He remained an umpire until his retirement in 2000 due to health problems, and died at age 61 in Chicago, Illinois after a long illness related to diabetes and kidney failure.", "title": "Charlie Williams (umpire)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a \"Royal Peculiar\" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean.", "title": "Westminster Abbey" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eustachian tube, also known as the auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube, is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear. It is a part of the middle ear. In adult humans the Eustachian tube is approximately 35 mm (1.4 in) long and 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. It is named after the sixteenth - century anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi.", "title": "Eustachian tube" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lorenzo Priuli (1489 – 17 August 1559) was the 82nd Doge of Venice. He reigned from 1556 to 1559. His dogaressa was Zilia Dandolo (d. 1566).", "title": "Lorenzo Priuli" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Rare Benedictine: The Advent of Brother Cadfael is a collection of three short stories by Ellis Peters, featuring her medieval detective, Brother Cadfael, first published in 1988.", "title": "A Rare Benedictine: The Advent of Brother Cadfael" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Habibganj railway station (Station Code: HBJ) is a railway station in Bhopal City and part of the West Central Railway. It is located in Habibganj, New Bhopal. It is India's first private railway station.", "title": "Habibganj railway station" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It was the first railway station in the city to serve steam trains, and the second oldest railway station in Prague, Czech Republic (the first is Praha-Dejvice, formerly Bruska on the Lány Horse-drawn Railway). The station was designed by Antonín Jüngling and came into service in 1845.", "title": "Praha Masarykovo nádraží" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frattamaggiore (locally also known as Fratta) is a \"comune\" in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy. It is located 15 kilometers north of Naples and 15 kilometers southwest of Caserta. It was awarded the title of \"City of art\" in 2008 and named Benedictine city in 1997.", "title": "Frattamaggiore" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Arabic-speaking cultures, two words are commonly used for Christians: Naṣrānī (نصراني), plural Naṣārā (نصارى) is generally understood to be derived from Nazareth through the Syriac (Aramaic); Masīḥī (مسيحي) means followers of the Messiah. The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014, after the Fall of Mosul to the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The nun or ن— the first letter of Nasara—was spray-painted on the property of Christians ejected from the city.", "title": "Christian" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "London Underground A deep - level Central line train at Lancaster Gate bound for Ealing Broadway A larger sub-surface Metropolitan line train at Farringdon bound for Aldgate Overview Locale Greater London, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire Transit type Rapid transit Number of lines 11 Number of stations 270 served (260 owned) Daily ridership 5 million Annual ridership 1.379 billion (2016 / 17) Website London Underground Operation Began operation 10 January 1863; 154 years ago (1863 - 01 - 10) Operator (s) London Underground Limited Reporting marks LT (National Rail) Technical System length 402 km (250 mi) Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ⁄ in) standard gauge Electrification 630 V DC fourth rail Average speed 33 km / h (21 mph)", "title": "London Underground" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Remington Model 10 is a pump-action shotgun designed by John Pedersen for Remington Arms. It had an internal hammer and a tube magazine which loaded and ejected from a port in the bottom of the receiver. An updated version, the Model 29, was introduced in 1930 with improvements made by C.C. Loomis.", "title": "Remington Model 10" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eustachian tube / juː ˌsteɪ. ʃən /, also known as the auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube, is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear. It is a part of the middle ear. In adult humans the Eustachian tube is approximately 35 mm (1.4 in) long and 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. It is named after the sixteenth - century anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi.", "title": "Eustachian tube" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Casa Cogollo is a small palazzo in Vicenza built in 1559 and attributed to architect Andrea Palladio. Since 1994 it has formed part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site \"City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto\".", "title": "Casa Cogollo" } ]

[ { "answer": "Elizabeth I", "id": 8294, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?", "raw_question": "Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?", "statement": "Elizabeth I ejected the Benedictines in 1559." }, { "answer": "London", "id": 15324, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "In what city was Elizabeth I born?", "raw_question": "In what city was #1 born?", "statement": "Elizabeth I was born in London." }, { "answer": "10 January 1863", "id": 44132, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "which was the first tube station in London", "raw_question": "which was the first tube station in #2", "statement": "The first tube station in London opened on 10 January 1863." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Breakfast in the Field is the debut recording by guitarist Michael Hedges released on the Windham Hill label in 1981. It was recorded live to 2-track, with no overdubs.", "title": "Breakfast in the Field" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Time Together is a jazz vocal album released in 2011 by Michael Franks with Shanachie Records. It is Franks' seventeenth album and marked a departure from his previous recordings by being his first with an independent record label.", "title": "Time Together" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mike Varney is an American musician, record producer, music publisher and impresario. He is the founder of the Shrapnel Label Group, which includes Shrapnel Records, Tone Center Records and Blues Bureau International. He also has a 50% stake in Magna Carta Records, a New York-based label. Amazon.com currently lists over 790 albums as being released by record labels founded or owned by Mike Varney. He is often credited with being the individual most responsible for popularizing the mid-1980s shred guitar boom, and has continuously specialized in producing highly acclaimed musicians within the genres of instrumental rock, hard rock, jazz, jazz fusion, blues, blues-rock, progressive metal and speed metal.", "title": "Mike Varney" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Antidote is the debut album by English jazz guitarist Ronny Jordan, that was released by Island Records in 1992.", "title": "The Antidote (Ronny Jordan album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)\" is a 1971 song written by Billy Sherrill and recorded by Tammy Wynette. \"Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)\" was Tammy Wynette's ninth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and a total of spent fifteen weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Take Me to Your World\" is a 1968 single written by Billy Sherrill and Glenn Sutton and recorded by Tammy Wynette. \"Take Me to Your World\" was Tammy Wynette's second number one on the country charts as a solo artist. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Take Me to Your World" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Let's Build a World Together is the fourth studio album by the country music artists George Jones and Tammy Wynette. The album was released in 1973 (see 1973 in country music) on the Epic Records label. It peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Country Albums chart.", "title": "Let's Build a World Together" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "High Lines is an album by American composer and violinist Michael Galasso recorded between 2002 and 2004 and released on the ECM label.", "title": "High Lines" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Greatest Hits: The Road Less Traveled is a 2005 compilation album by Melissa Etheridge, released by Island Records. It featured 17 tracks from her then-17-year career, five of which were newly recorded. Eight of the other 12 tracks were specially remixed for this compilation.", "title": "Greatest Hits: The Road Less Traveled" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Pink Panther Theme ''Song by Henry Mancini from the album The Pink Panther Released 1963 Recorded 1963 Genre Jazz Length 2: 40 Label RCA Victor Songwriter (s) Henry Mancini Producer (s) Joe Reitman", "title": "The Pink Panther Theme" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is \"the Most Beautiful Sound Next to Silence\", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in \"Coda\", a Canadian jazz magazine.", "title": "ECM Records" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Bust a Move ''Single by Young MC from the album Stone Cold Rhymin 'B - side`` Got More Rhymes'' ``The Fastest Rhyme - My Name Is Young ''Released May 22, 1989 (1989 - 05 - 22) Format 12 - inch vinyl 7 - inch vinyl cassette CD Recorded Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Fourth & Broadway Delicious Vinyl Island Records BMG Ariola Songwriter (s) Marvin Young Matt Dike Michael Ross Producer (s) Matt Dike Michael Ross Young MC singles chronology`` Bust a Move'' (1989) ``Principal's Office ''(1989)`` Bust a Move'' (1989) ``Principal's Office ''(1989)", "title": "Bust a Move (song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Off the Wall Studio album by Michael Jackson Released August 10, 1979 Studio Allen Zentz Recording Westlake Audio Cherokee Studios (Los Angeles, California) Genre R&B disco soul pop funk jazz Length 42: 28 Label Epic CBS Producer Quincy Jones Michael Jackson Michael Jackson chronology Forever, Michael (1975) Forever, Michael 1975 Off the Wall (1979) Thriller (1982) Thriller 1982 Alternate cover The slipcover for the 2001 Special Edition of the album. Current pressings of the special edition do not include the slipcover. Singles from Off the Wall ``Do n't Stop 'Til You Get Enough ''Released: July 28, 1979`` Rock with You'' Released: November 3, 1979 ``Off the Wall ''Released: February 2, 1980`` She's Out of My Life'' Released: April 19, 1980 ``Girlfriend ''Released: July 16, 1980", "title": "Off the Wall" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meeting in the Ladies Room Vinyl edition Studio album by Klymaxx Released November 30, 1984 Recorded 1984 Genre Pop / R&B Label Constellation / MCA Producer Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Stephen Shockley, Lynn Malsby, Barry DeVorzon, Joseph Conlan, Bo Watson, Vincent Calloway, Joyce ``Fenderella ''Irby Klymaxx chronology Girls Will Be Girls (1982) Meeting in the Ladies Room (1984) Klymaxx (1986) Singles from Klymaxx`` The Men All Pause'' Released: October 16, 1984 ``Meeting in the Ladies Room ''Released: March 7, 1985`` Lock and Key'' Released: June 18, 1985 ``I Miss You ''Released: November 4, 1985", "title": "Meeting in the Ladies Room" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A King & Two Queens is an album by American country music artist George Jones and features duets with Melba Montgomery and Judy Lynn, released in 1964 on the United Artists Records. Jones and Montgomery had scored a number one country hit with the duet \"We Must Have Been Out Of Our Minds\" in 1963 and released the album \"What's In Our Heart\" the same year. Jones and Montgomery popularized the male-female country singer genre throughout the decade. Lynn, a former beauty queen who had joined a nationwide tour of Grand Ole Opry performers as a teenager, sings on three of the tracks.", "title": "A King & Two Queens" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Happy Days ''Single by Pratt & McClain from the album Pratt & McClain Featuring Happy Days Released 1976 Format Vinyl, 7``, Single Recorded 1976 Genre Rock, Stage & Screen Length 2: 40 Label Reprise Records Songwriter (s) Charles Fox, Norman Gimbel Producer (s) Steve Barri, Michael Omartian Pratt & McClain singles chronology ``String Module Error: Match not found'' (1976)`` Happy Days ''(1976) ``Devil with a Blue Dress On'' (1976)`` Whachersign ''(1976) ``Happy Days'' (1976)`` Devil with a Blue Dress On ''(1976)", "title": "Happy Days (TV theme)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Griffin Music was an independent record label created in 1989 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by author/publisher Robert Godwin. It was originally created to record and finance the second album of Led Zeppelin tribute act, Michael White & The White. During late 1989 and 1990, Godwin worked with Michael White and his band recording the album in studios such as Sunset Sound and United Western Recorders in Los Angeles and Metalworks Studios in Toronto.", "title": "Griffin Music" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You Rock My World ''Single by Michael Jackson from the album Invincible Released August 22, 2001 (2001 - 08 - 22) Format 7'' 12 ''CD cassette VHS single Recorded October 1999; Los Angeles, California Genre Disco - pop R&B Length 5: 39 (album version with intro) 5: 07 (album edit) 4: 27 (radio edit) Label Epic Songwriter (s) Michael Jackson Rodney Jerkins Fred Jerkins III LaShawn Daniels Nora Payne Producer (s) Michael Jackson Darkchild Michael Jackson singles chronology`` Smile'' (1998) ``You Rock My World ''(2001)`` Cry'' (2001) ``Smile ''(1998)`` You Rock My World'' (2001) ``Cry ''(2001) Music video`` You Rock My World'' on YouTube Audio sample file help", "title": "You Rock My World" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Hold On Tight ''Single by Electric Light Orchestra from the album Time B - side`` When Time Stood Still'' Released 17 July 1981 (UK) July 1981 (US) Format 7 ''single Recorded 1981 at Musicland Studios, Munich Genre Rock and roll Length 3: 06 Label Jet Songwriter (s) Jeff Lynne Producer (s) Jeff Lynne Electric Light Orchestra singles chronology ``Do n't Walk Away'' (1980)`` Hold On Tight ''(1981) ``Twilight'' (1981)`` Do n't Walk Away ''(1980) ``Hold On Tight'' (1981)`` Twilight ''(1981) Time track listing 13 tracks Side one ``Prologue''`` Twilight ''``Yours Truly, 2095''`` Ticket to the Moon ''``The Way Life's Meant to Be''`` Another Heart Breaks ''Side two ``Rain Is Falling''`` From the End of the World ''``The Lights Go Down''`` Here Is the News ''``21st Century Man''`` Hold on Tight ''``Epilogue'' Music video`` Hold On Tight ''on YouTube", "title": "Hold On Tight (Electric Light Orchestra song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tammy Lynn Michaels (born Tammy Lynn Doring on November 26, 1974 in Lafayette, Indiana), also known by the surname Etheridge from her relationship with Melissa Etheridge, is an American actress.", "title": "Tammy Lynn Michaels" } ]

[ { "answer": "Melissa Etheridge", "id": 720699, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Tammy Lynn Michaels >> spouse", "raw_question": "Tammy Lynn Michaels >> spouse", "statement": "Melissa Etheridge belongs to the record label." }, { "answer": "Island Records", "id": 164564, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Melissa Etheridge >> record label", "raw_question": "#1 >> record label", "statement": "Melissa Etheridge is published by Island Records." }, { "answer": "jaz", "id": 573834, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Island Records >> genre", "raw_question": "#2 >> genre", "statement": "Island Records is a label that publishes jazz music." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After having played mainly for modest clubs in his country of birth, Germany, he revived his career in Cyprus where he played with success for Omonia, eventually representing the Cypriot national team despite having already reached his 30s.", "title": "Rainer Rauffmann" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johann Christian Cuno (3 April 1708 in Berlin – 1783 in Durlach) was a German poet, writer, botanist and merchant, and was the son of a postal official in Berlin. He was also known under the names of \"Joan Christian Cuno, Johannes Christian Cuno\" and \"Johann Christ Cuno\".", "title": "Johann Christian Cuno" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "James Bash Cuno (born April 4, 1951 in St Louis) is an American art historian and curator, who currently serves as President and CEO of the J. Paul Getty Trust since 2011.", "title": "James Cuno" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of John's reign there was a sudden change in prices, as bad harvests and high demand for food resulted in much higher prices for grain and animals. This inflationary pressure was to continue for the rest of the 13th century and had long-term economic consequences for England. The resulting social pressures were complicated by bursts of deflation that resulted from John's military campaigns. It was usual at the time for the king to collect taxes in silver, which was then re-minted into new coins; these coins would then be put in barrels and sent to royal castles around the country, to be used to hire mercenaries or to meet other costs. At those times when John was preparing for campaigns in Normandy, for example, huge quantities of silver had to be withdrawn from the economy and stored for months, which unintentionally resulted in periods during which silver coins were simply hard to come by, commercial credit difficult to acquire and deflationary pressure placed on the economy. The result was political unrest across the country. John attempted to address some of the problems with the English currency in 1204 and 1205 by carrying out a radical overhaul of the coinage, improving its quality and consistency.", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ibor Bakar (born 26 October 1986) is a Comorian football midfielder, who plays for French fourth division side US Marignane. He also holds French citizenship.", "title": "Ibor Bakar" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gunsmoke is an American radio and television Western drama series created by director Norman Macdonnell and writer John Meston. The stories take place in and around Dodge City, Kansas, during the settlement of the American West. The central character is lawman Marshal Matt Dillon, played by William Conrad on radio and James Arness on television. When aired in the UK, the television series was initially titled Gun Law, later reverting to Gunsmoke.", "title": "Gunsmoke" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sam Doonby (John Schneider) is a mysterious drifter who gets off a bus one afternoon in a small Texas town to change and improve the lives of all he comes in contact with. It is a story of greed and envy, played out against the backdrop of the classic country and blues music that is performed in Leroy’s Bar. The film has been described by the producers as \"Crazy Heart\"-meets-\"It's A Wonderful Life\", while Schneider described it as \"\"It's A Wonderful Life\" without the Wonderful.\"", "title": "Doonby" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maurice Hope (born 6 December 1951 in St. John's, Antigua) is a former boxer from England, who was world Jr. Middleweight champion. Hope lived in Hackney most of his life, but now lives in his place of birth, Antigua. He represented Great Britain at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.", "title": "Maurice Hope" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Opening Titles: James Bond Is Back / From Russia with Love / James Bond Theme ''(different arrangement from that heard in the film)`` Tania Meets Klebb'' ``Meeting in St. Sophia ''`` The Golden Horn'' * ``Girl Trouble ''`` Bond Meets Tania'' ``007 ''`` Gypsy Camp'' ``Death of Grant ''`` From Russia with Love'' -- Matt Monro ``Spectre Island ''`` Guitar Lament'' * ``Man Overboard / SMERSH in Action ''`` James Bond with Bongos'' ``Stalking ''`` Leila Dances'' * ``Death of Kerim ''`` 007 Takes the Lektor''", "title": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Earlies are a band formed by Christian Madden and Giles Hatton from Lancashire, England, and Brandon Carr and John Mark Lapham from the United States. They are notable for blending elements from a wide range of musical genres and have been described as both \"a very English kind of folk-psychedelia... with a smattering of Beach Boys harmonies\" by \"The Independent\", and \"country-meets-prog-meets-electronica symphonies\" by \"The Guardian\".", "title": "The Earlies" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It is summer 1903. The Smith family leads a comfortable upper - middle class life. Alonzo Smith (Leon Ames) and his wife Anna (Mary Astor) have four daughters: Rose (Lucille Bremer), Esther (Judy Garland), Agnes (Joan Carroll), and Tootie (Margaret O'Brien); and a son, Lon Jr. (Henry H. Daniels, Jr.). Esther, the second eldest daughter, is in love with the boy next door, John Truett (Tom Drake), although he does not notice her at first. Rose is expecting a phone call in which she hopes to be proposed to by Warren Sheffield (Robert Sully).", "title": "Meet Me in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donna Roma is a four-part mini-series thriller from director James Schäuffelen who plays in Italy or Germany. The first broadcast took place on 1 March 2007 on ZDF.", "title": "Donna Roma" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger is a dual Austrian/United States citizen. He holds Austrian citizenship by birth and has held U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Rodríguez James Rodríguez training with Bayern Munich in 2018 Full name James David Rodríguez Rubio Date of birth (1991 - 07 - 12) 12 July 1991 (age 27) Place of birth Cúcuta, Colombia Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Playing position Attacking midfielder Winger Club information Current team Bayern Munich (on loan from Real Madrid) Number 11 Youth career 2001 -- 2005 Academia Tolimense de Fútbol 2005 -- 2006 Envigado Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 2006 -- 2008 Envigado 30 (9) 2008 -- 2010 Banfield 42 (5) 2010 -- 2013 Porto 63 (25) 2013 -- 2014 Monaco 34 (9) 2014 -- Real Madrid 77 (28) 2017 -- → Bayern Munich (loan) 24 (7) National team 2007 Colombia U17 11 (3) 2011 Colombia U20 5 (3) 2011 -- Colombia 66 (21) Honours (show) Colombia Copa América Centenario 2016 United States * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 20: 35, 24 August 2018 (UTC) ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 28 June 2018", "title": "James Rodríguez" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Green Years is a 1946 American drama film featuring Charles Coburn, Tom Drake, Beverly Tyler and Hume Cronyn. It was adapted by Robert Ardrey from A. J. Cronin's novel of the same name. It tells the story of the coming-of-age of an Irish orphan in Scotland and was directed by Victor Saville.", "title": "The Green Years (film)" } ]

[ { "answer": "St Louis", "id": 766938, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "James Cuno >> place of birth", "raw_question": "James Cuno >> place of birth", "statement": "James Cuno was born in St. Louis." }, { "answer": "Tom Drake", "id": 42913, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "who plays john in meet me in St Louis", "raw_question": "who plays john in meet me in #1", "statement": "Tom Drake plays John in the movie Meet Me in St. Louis." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 390802, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Tom Drake >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#2 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Tom Drake is an American." } ]

[ "U.S.", "United States", "US", "the United States" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Wish You'd Stay\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley. It was released in August 2002 as the fourth and final single from Paisley's album \"Part II\" and reached a peak of number 7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in early 2003. The song was originally released as the b-side to Paisley's previous single, \"I'm Gonna Miss Her (The Fishin' Song).\" Paisley wrote this song with Chris DuBois.", "title": "I Wish You'd Stay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Let Me Be There ''is a popular song written by John Rostill. It was first recorded by Olivia Newton - John in 1973 and included on her album of the same name. The country - influenced song was Newton - John's first Top 10 single in the U.S., peaking at No. 6, and also won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocalist. Mike Sammes sings a bass vocal harmony on the song.", "title": "Let Me Be There" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Redneck Friend\" (or, alternately, \"Red Neck Friend\") is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Jackson Browne, released as the first single from his 1973 album, For Everyman, and notable for its double entendre lyrics and guest appearances by Glenn Frey and Elton John, as well as the first appearance of David Lindley on a Jackson Browne single. The song reached #85 on \"Billboard\"'s Oct. 20, 1973, Hot 100 chart, spending 10 weeks on that chart after debuting at #99 on September 29, 1973. It was also released as a single in France and Japan, and as a promotional single in the United Kingdom and Germany.", "title": "Redneck Friend" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"'Til the Rivers All Run Dry\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Don Williams, who wrote the song along with Wayland Holyfield.. It was released in December 1975 as the first single from the album \"Harmony\". \"'Til the Rivers All Run Dry\" was Don Williams' fourth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country charts.", "title": "'Til the Rivers All Run Dry" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard. It was released in October 1980 as the second single from the album Back to the Barrooms.`` I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink'' was Merle Haggard's twenty - sixth number one country hit. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "title": "I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sis Hopkins is a 1919 comedy film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Mabel Normand. The supporting cast features John Bowers and Sam De Grasse. The plot involves an unsophisticated and eccentric country girl who comes to the city to stay with wealthy relatives. Initially they underestimate her because she behaves so differently.", "title": "Sis Hopkins" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Sing for the Moment ''contains samples of the song`` Dream On'' by the rock band Aerosmith. Joe Perry plays the guitar solo at the end of the song, and a sample of Steven Tyler singing is used as the chorus for this song. Eminem chants ``sing ''when Tyler starts to sing the chorus, and Eminem also chants`` sing with me'' and ``come on ''. Eminem says the words in his live performances as well. The beginning of the song samples the intro of`` Dream On''. ``Sing for the Moment ''was later released on Eminem's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call: The Hits (2005).", "title": "Sing for the Moment" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "No Nukes is a 1980 documentary and concert film that contained selections from the September 1979 Madison Square Garden concerts by the Musicians United for Safe Energy collective, with Jackson Browne, Graham Nash, Bonnie Raitt, and John Hall being the key organizers of the event and guiding forces behind the film. Also included were scenes of the organizers getting the event together, expounding upon the dangers of nuclear power, and staging an anti-nuclear rally at Battery Park in New York City.", "title": "No Nukes (film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Tip of My Fingers,\" also titled \"The Tips of My Fingers,\" is a song written and originally recorded by American country music singer Bill Anderson. First included on his 1962 album \"Bill Anderson Sings Country Heart Songs\", the song was a Top Ten country single for him in 1960.", "title": "The Tip of My Fingers" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Country Music is Here to Stay\" is the first single by singer Ferlin Husky with Capitol Records under the pseudonym Simon Crum. The song peaked at No. 2 on \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for three weeks.", "title": "Country Music is Here to Stay" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"You've Never Been This Far Before\" is a song written and recorded by American country artist Conway Twitty. It was released in July 1973 as the second single and title track from the album \"You've Never Been This Far Before\". The song was Twitty's 10th number one on the country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number one for three weeks and spent a total of 16 weeks on the chart.", "title": "You've Never Been This Far Before" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Heart Healer\" is a song written by John Greenebaum and Tomas Gmeiner, and recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in December 1976 as the first single and title track from the album \"Heart Healer\". The song was Mel Tillis' third number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of nine weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Heart Healer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Cowboys and Clowns\" is a song written by Steve Dorff, Snuff Garrett, Gary Harju and Larry Herbstritt, and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap. It was released in June 1980 and is featured on the soundtrack for the film \"Bronco Billy\". The song was Milsap's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single stayed number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Cowboys and Clowns" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Amanda ''is a 1973 song written by Bob McDill and recorded by both Don Williams (1973) and Waylon Jennings (1974).`` Amanda'' was Waylon Jennings's eighth solo number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for three weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.", "title": "Amanda (Don Williams song)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"El Paso City\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Marty Robbins. It was released in March 1976 as the first single and title track from the album \"El Paso City\". The song was Robbins' 15th number one on the U.S. country singles chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent 11 weeks on the chart.", "title": "El Paso City (1976 Marty Robbins song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``We'll Sing in the Sunshine ''is a 1964 hit song written and recorded by Gale Garnett which reached number two in Canada, and number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week ending 17 October 1964. The song also enjoyed success on easy listening and country music radio stations, spending seven weeks at number one on the Billboard Easy Listening chart and number 42 on the country chart. The Cash Box Top 100 ranked`` We'll Sing in the Sunshine'' at number one for the week of 31 October 1964, and it also reached number one in Garnett's native New Zealand that November.: in Australia, ``We'll Sing in the Sunshine ''afforded Garnett a Top Ten hit with a # 10 peak in October 1964. Garnett's sole Top 40 hit,`` We'll Sing in the Sunshine'' won the Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording in 1965.", "title": "We'll Sing in the Sunshine" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All of the regular cast performed their own vocals, although two actors were given minimal singing at their request. ``Once More, with Feeling ''is the most technically complex episode in the series, as extra voice and dance training for the cast was interspersed with the production of four other Buffy episodes. It was Joss Whedon's first attempt at writing music, and different styles -- from 1950s sitcom theme music to rock opera -- express the characters' secrets in specific ways. The episode was well received critically upon airing, specifically for containing the humor and wit to which fans had become accustomed. The musical format allowed characters to stay true to their natures while they struggled to overcome deceit and miscommunication, fitting with the sixth season's themes of growing up and facing adult responsibilities. It is considered one of the most effective and popular episodes of the series, and -- prior to a financial dispute in 2007 -- was shown in theaters with the audience invited to sing along.", "title": "Once More, with Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``She's Actin 'Single (I'm Drinkin' Doubles) ''is a song written by Wayne Carson and recorded by American country music singer Gary Stewart. It was released in March 1975 as the third and final single from the album, Out of Hand. The song was Gary Stewart's third top ten hit on the country chart and his only song to hit number one. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of nine weeks within the top 40.", "title": "She's Actin' Single (I'm Drinkin' Doubles)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)\" is a 1971 song written by Billy Sherrill and recorded by Tammy Wynette. \"Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)\" was Tammy Wynette's ninth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and a total of spent fifteen weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``The Load - Out ''describes the daily practices of a band and its road crew on a concert tour, and the emotions evoked throughout such an endeavor. The first three verses of the song consist of Browne singing and playing piano with David Lindley playing steel guitar. They are later joined by a synthesizer, followed by the rest of the band. Eventually`` The Load - Out'' segues into an interpretation of Maurice Williams' 1960 hit ``Stay, ''sung by Browne, Rosemary Butler, and Lindley. It is Lindley who sings the falsetto.", "title": "The Load-Out" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jackson Browne", "id": 715795, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "No Nukes >> cast member", "raw_question": "No Nukes >> cast member", "statement": "Jackson Browne was a cast member of No Nukes." }, { "answer": "David Lindley", "id": 65665, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who sings with Jackson Browne on the song stay", "raw_question": "who sings with #1 on the song stay", "statement": "David Lindley sings with Jackson Browne on the song \"Stay\"." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 490716, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "David Lindley >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#2 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "David Lindley is an American." } ]

[ "U.S.", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. These two rivals would later face off in the Cold War. In Asia, the defeat of Japan led to its democratization. China's civil war continued through and after the war, resulting eventually in the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The former colonies of the European powers began their road to independence.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Morgenthau Plan ( ) by the Allied occupation of Germany following World War II was a proposal to eliminate Germany's ability to wage war by eliminating its arms industry, and the removal or destruction of other key industries basic to military strength. This included the removal or destruction of all industrial plants and equipment in the Ruhr. It was first proposed by United States Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. in a memorandum entitled \"Suggested Post-Surrender Program for Germany\".", "title": "Morgenthau Plan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries. The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria occurred in 1989 during the collapse of communism in Hungary, which was part of a broad wave of revolutions in various communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The dismantling of the electric fence along Hungary's 240 kilometres (149 mi) long border with Austria was the first fissure in the ``Iron Curtain ''that had divided Europe for more than 40 years, since the end of World War II, and caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Berlin Wall.", "title": "Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Russia, as a member of the Holy Alliance, had operated as the \"police of Europe\", maintaining the balance of power that had been established in the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. Russia had assisted Austria's efforts in suppressing the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and expected gratitude; it wanted a free hand in settling its problems with the Ottoman Empire — the \"sick man of Europe\". The United Kingdom could not tolerate Russian dominance of Ottoman affairs, as that would challenge the British domination of the eastern Mediterranean.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The War in Afghanistan (or the U.S. War in Afghanistan; code named Operation Enduring Freedom -- Afghanistan (2001 -- 2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015 -- present)) followed the United States invasion of Afghanistan of October 7, 2001. The U.S. was supported initially by the United Kingdom and Canada and later by a coalition of over 40 countries, including all NATO members. The war's public aims were to dismantle al - Qaeda and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban from power. The War in Afghanistan is the second longest war in United States history, behind the Vietnam War.", "title": "War in Afghanistan (2001–present)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Europe, the North American theater of the Seven Years' War usually is not given a separate name. The entire international conflict is known as the Seven Years' War. \"Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America, where the fighting between the two colonial powers was largely concluded in six years, from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760.", "title": "French and Indian War" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of all great powers except for the Soviet Union and the United States, and the simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA). Allies during World War II, the USA and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt, declared hot war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Central and Eastern Europe fell under the Soviet sphere of influence and eventually an ``Iron Curtain ''. Europe was divided into a US - led Western Bloc and a Soviet - led Eastern Bloc. Internationally, alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted, with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement. The Cold War also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers; part of the reason that the Cold War never became a`` hot'' war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other, leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff.", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II broke out in 1939, Bergmann sought to join the South African army, but as he felt his name was too German-sounding (there was significant anti-German feeling as the war loomed, and as the Nazi persecution of the Jews and the Holocaust had not yet happened, this feeling made no distinction between Germans and German Jews), he removed the second \"n\" from his name, adopting the Dutch variation of the surname.", "title": "Walter Bergman" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the early 20th century, the increased militarization of Europe, and the lack of negotiation between major powers, led to harsh and rash actions taken by both sides in respect to Alsace-Lorraine during World War I. As soon as war was declared, both the French and German authorities used the inhabitants of Alsace-Lorraine as propaganda pawns.", "title": "Alsace-Lorraine" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the Anglo - American invasion of French North Africa during the North African Campaign of the Second World War which started on 8 November 1942. It is the first major operation that US troops undertook in the European / North African theatre of World War II.", "title": "Operation Torch" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lippendorf Power Station is a lignite-fired power station in Lippendorf, which is located in the municipality of Neukieritzsch, near Leipzig in Saxony, Germany. The power plant is owned and operated by Vattenfall Europe.", "title": "Lippendorf Power Station" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. Considered a prelude to the two world wars and the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France on the other. For the first time, aiming to curtail Britain and Prussia's ever-growing might, France formed a grand coalition of its own, which ended with failure as Britain rose as the world's predominant power, altering the European balance of power.", "title": "Northern Seven Years' War" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "However, the crisis did not exist in a void; it came after a long series of diplomatic clashes between the Great Powers over European and colonial issues in the decade prior to 1914 which had left tensions high. The diplomatic clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1870. An example is the Baghdad Railway which was planned to connect the Ottoman Empire cities of Konya and Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq. The railway became a source of international disputes during the years immediately preceding World War I. Although it has been argued that they were resolved in 1914 before the war began, it has also been argued that the railroad was a cause of the First World War. Fundamentally the war was sparked by tensions over territory in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary competed with Serbia and Russia for territory and influence in the region and they pulled the rest of the great powers into the conflict through their various alliances and treaties. The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece, and Serbia) first captured Ottoman-held remaining part of Thessaly, Macedonia, Epirus, Albania and most of Thrace and then fell out over the division of the spoils, with incorporation of Romania this time.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because of concerns about anarchist agitators and other political radicals. A notable example of this was the occasional surveillance by Prussian police of Karl Marx during the years he remained resident in London. The interests of public police agencies in cross-border co-operation in the control of political radicalism and ordinary law crime were primarily initiated in Europe, which eventually led to the establishment of Interpol before the Second World War. There are also many interesting examples of cross-border policing under private auspices and by municipal police forces that date back to the 19th century (Nadelmann, 1993). It has been established that modern policing has transgressed national boundaries from time to time almost from its inception. It is also generally agreed that in the post–Cold War era this type of practice became more significant and frequent (Sheptycki, 2000).", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tarapur Atomic Power Station (T.A.P.S.) is located in Tarapur, Palghar, India. It was the first commercial nuclear power station built in India. It is the world's oldest nuclear power plant in commercial operation.", "title": "Tarapur Atomic Power Station" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas II -- last Czar of Russia, titular King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland. His rule ended with the Russian Revolution. Nicholas was killed on 17 July 1918.", "title": "Allied leaders of World War I" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (nearly $140 billion in 2017 dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was in operation for four years beginning on April 8, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war - torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernise industry, improve European prosperity, and prevent the spread of Communism. The Marshall Plan required a lessening of interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and encouraged an increase in productivity, trade union membership, as well as the adoption of modern business procedures.", "title": "Marshall Plan" } ]

[ { "answer": "Russia", "id": 22702, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Who operated as the \"police of Europe\"?", "raw_question": "Who operated as the \"police of Europe\"?", "statement": "Russia operated as the \"police of Europe\"." }, { "answer": "Nicholas II", "id": 66733, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "name the ruler of Russia during first world war", "raw_question": "name the ruler of #1 during first world war", "statement": "Nicholas II was the ruler of Russia during the First World War." }, { "answer": "the Russian Provisional Government was established.", "id": 33264, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What happened when Nicholas II was removed from power?", "raw_question": "What happened when #2 was removed from power?", "statement": "The Russian Provisional Government was established when Nicholas II was removed from power." } ]

[ "Russian Provisional Government" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In December 2012, Hormuud Telecom launched its Tri-Band 3G service for internet and mobile clients. The first of its kind in the country, this third generation mobile telecommunications technology offers users a faster and more secure connection.", "title": "Communications in Somalia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Korean War (in South Korean Hangul: 한국전쟁; Hanja: 韓國戰爭; RR: Hanguk Jeonjaeng, ``Korean War ''; in North Korean Chosŏn'gŭl: 조국해방전쟁; Hancha: 祖國解放戰爭; MR: Choguk haebang chǒnjaeng,`` Fatherland Liberation War''; 25 June 1950 -- 27 July 1953) was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the principal support of the United States). The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal force, came to the aid of South Korea. China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union also gave some assistance to the North.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Internet in the United States grew out of the ARPANET, a network sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense during the 1960s. The Internet in the United States in turn provided the foundation for the worldwide Internet of today. Internet access in the United States is largely provided by the private sector and is available in a variety of forms, using a variety of technologies, at a wide range of speeds and costs. In 2015, 97.5% of Americans were using the Internet, which ranks the U.S. 4th out of 211 countries in the world. The United States ranks # 1 in the world with 7,000 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) according to the CIA.", "title": "Internet in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 186718 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country.", "title": "Chris Watson" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.", "title": "Marisol Touraine" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following table gives the largest known primes of the mentioned types. Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing. In 2009, the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project was awarded a US$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits. The Electronic Frontier Foundation also offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits and 1 billion digits, respectively. Some of the largest primes not known to have any particular form (that is, no simple formula such as that of Mersenne primes) have been found by taking a piece of semi-random binary data, converting it to a number n, multiplying it by 256k for some positive integer k, and searching for possible primes within the interval [256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) − 1].[citation needed]", "title": "Prime number" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nikolaos Stratos (; 16 May 1872 – 15 November 1922) was a Prime Minister of Greece for a few days in May 1922. He was later tried and executed for his role in the Catastrophe of 1922.", "title": "Nikolaos Stratos" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Queen has had over 160 individuals serve as her realms' prime ministers throughout her reign, the first new appointment being Dudley Senanayake as Prime Minister of Ceylon and the most recent being Scott Morrison as Prime Minister of Australia. Several of the Queen's prime ministers from various realms have been appointed for life to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.", "title": "List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of war by France and the United Kingdom was given on 3 September 1939, after German forces invaded Poland. Despite the speech being the official announcement of both France and the United Kingdom, the speech was given by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in Westminster, London.", "title": "Declarations of war during World War II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dame Mary Eugenia Charles, DBE (15 May 1919 -- 6 September 2005) was a Dominican politician who was Prime Minister of Dominica from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. She was Dominica's first, and to date only, female prime minister, as well as the nation's longest - serving prime minister. She was the second female prime minister in the Caribbean after Lucina da Costa of the Netherlands Antilles, and the first woman elected in her own right as head of government in the Americas. She was the world's third longest - serving female Prime Minister, behind Indira Gandhi of India and Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka, and the world's longest continuously serving female Prime Minister ever. Charles was also Dominica's first female lawyer.", "title": "Eugenia Charles" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Premier of the Cabinet (Chosŏn'gŭl: 총리; Hancha: 總理; MR: Chongni) is nominally the non-executive head of government of North Korea. The office is also alternatively known as Prime Minister of North Korea. The current premier is Pak Pong - ju.", "title": "Premier of North Korea" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985. In this capacity Soares tried to resume the economic growth and development record that had been achieved before the Carnation Revolution, during the last decade of the previous regime. He initiated the process of accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) by starting accession negotiations as early as 1977.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norman Page (born in Nottingham, Nottinghamshiredied 4 July 1935 in London) was a British actor. He is best known for his portrayal of David Lloyd George, Prime Minister during the First World War, in the 1918 film \"The Life Story of David Lloyd George\" which is believed to be the first ever feature length political biopic.", "title": "Norman Page" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gyula Count Károlyi de Nagykároly (7 May 1871 in Baktalórántháza – 23 April 1947) was a conservative Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1931 to 1932. He had previously been prime minister of the counter-revolutionary government in Szeged for several months in 1919. As prime minister, he generally tried to continue the moderate conservative policies of his predecessor, István Bethlen, although with less success.", "title": "Gyula Károlyi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Denny JA was named by \"TIME\" magazine in 2015 as one of 30 most influential people on the Internet. Included in the list were US President Barack Obama, President of Argentine Christina Fernandez de Kirchner, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and some world celebrities such as Shakira, Taylor Swift, and Justin Bieber. This recognition was regarding his role in utilizing social media in shaping public opinion and polls in Indonesia's 2014 presidential election.", "title": "Denny Januar Ali" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory. Meanwhile, by 1964, enosis was a Greek policy that could not be abandoned; Makarios and the Greek prime minister Georgios Papandreou agreed that enosis should be the ultimate aim and King Constantine wished Cyprus \"a speedy union with the mother country\". Greece dispatched 10,000 troops to Cyprus to counter a possible Turkish invasion.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rank Country / Territory Avg. connection speed (Mb / s) Relative speed - Global 5.6 5.6 South Korea 26.7 26.7 Sweden 19.1 19.1 Norway 18.8 18.8 Japan 17.4 17.4 5 Netherlands 17.0 17 6 Hong Kong 16.8 16.8 7 Latvia 16.7 16.7 8 Switzerland 16.7 16.7 9 Finland 16.6 16.6 10 Denmark 16.1 16.1", "title": "List of countries by Internet connection speeds" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Korea", "id": 48727, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who has the best internet in the world", "raw_question": "who has the best internet in the world", "statement": "South Korea has the best internet in the world." }, { "answer": "North Korea", "id": 62641, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "who invaded South Korea and tried to take over their country", "raw_question": "who invaded #1 and tried to take over their country", "statement": "North Korea invaded South Korea and tried to take over their country." }, { "answer": "Pak Pong - ju", "id": 75534, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "who is the prime minister of North Korea now", "raw_question": "who is the prime minister of #2 now", "statement": "Pak Pong-ju is the current Prime Minister of North Korea." } ]

[]