Q:

How to tune a violin in a proper way?

First of all, is the G string the shortest among the 4 strings?
Also, does applying graphite on the groove always works?
I'm traumatised by E string as it's very easy to snap. Do you guys have any useful tips when tuning the E string? Especially when a new E string is installed, and it tends to go flat, and the other strings go a bit lower too. FYI, I have fine tuner for the E string. When I am 3 semitones away from reaching up to E5, should I use the peg or fine tuners? May I get suggestions from experienced violin players, or even luthiers? Thanks

A:

Yes the G string is the shortest because of the arrangement of the tuning pegs.  It's a good idea to apply graphite so that the strings can slide over the nut more easily.  
It does feel like the E string might snap when tuning it up but if it is a good quality string then it won't.  They are made to cope with being that tight when up to pitch.  Just be careful not to over tighten it past the E.  You should be able to get it up to pitch with the tuning peg, but if you feel nervous then do the last bit with the fine tuner.  Just be sure that you unscrew the fine tuner first so you have plenty of room to tighten the string up to pitch.  Hope that makes sense.
New strings will go flat for a while, but will settle if you keep tuning them up again.

