Before chest tube removal , subjects were medicated with either : ( 1 ) intravenous morphine sulfate ( morphine ) , ( 2 ) intravenous morphine and subfascial angiocatheter lidocaine hydrochloride ( lidocaine ) , ( 3 ) intravenous morphine and subfascial angiocatheter normal saline solution , or ( 4 ) subfascial angiocatheter lidocaine .
