We measured a ) plasma glucose and cortisol at 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 8 and 24 h ; b ) forced vital capacity ( FVC ) , forced expiratory volume in the first second ( FEV1 ) and peak flow rate ( PFR ) preoperatively , at 8 and 24 h ; c ) visual analogue pain scores ( VAS 0-10 ) at rest , cough and mobilisation at 8 and 24 h ; d ) block height every hour for 12 hours then 3 hourly ; e ) 24-hour urine volumes for dopamine , adrenaline and noradrenaline f ) 24-hour PCA morphine requirements .
