" 

 I am a little surprised by the listing, in the opening, of ""Ways of knowing: (sense perception, reason, emotion, authority and language/tone/symbols/nomenclature). "" 
 
 Not for a moment do I think that revelation, cloud-reading, stirring of entrails, and so on and so forth are valid ways of knowing, but it is not subject to doubt that many people, perhaps a majority of the human race, do think of these and methods like them as valid.  It is probably as true today as it was seventy years ago, when Bertrand Russell first made the remark, that there are more astrology columns than science columns in newspapers. 
 
 Thus, I think a major part of any teachihng of epistemology has to be concerned with methods that are wrong, stupid, harmful and ignorant as much as with methods that are generally thought to be correct, intelligent, useful and well-informed. 
 
                                        -dlj."