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 == José_Aboulker and Hôpitaux de Paris == 

 Il passa successivement les concours d’interne des Hôpitaux de Paris has been translated by ""He passed the internal examinations at the Hospital of Paris"". This latter refers to one hospital, however the Hôpitaux de Paris is an administrative structure that runs several hospitals as you can check here Assistance_publique_-_Hôpitaux_de_Paris. 

 In those time, for the third cycle of the French medicine studies the choice was: 1/Succeed at competitive examination to become interne. This is to become a specialist (like surgeon). 2/ No exam or fail to the competitive exam. The way to become a general practionner. At any time a student or even a GP can try to become an interne. 
 That explains why Albouker first ""had his viva"" (thèse): he became a GP, and then became a neurosurgeon. –   "