" 

 == torture and humiliation == 

 The text says:""outlawed all forms of torture and humiliation in the empire."" I am afraid there is something wrong with this claim. I don't know details about torture, but it is well-known any rebellions were swiftly and ruthlessly crushed by total extermination. Can it be that ""no torture"" clause was applicable only to the ""masters"", i.e., mongols themselves, or to what is called now ""civil cases"", or else? The original phrase as it stands is simply unbelievable for these times.  "