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layout: transcript |
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interviewee: stefania podgã³rska burzminski |
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rg_number: rg-50.030.0048 |
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pdf_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/rg-50.030.0048_trs_en.pdf |
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ushmm_url: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn504548 |
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gender: f |
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birth_date: none |
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birth_year: none |
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place_of_birth: lipa |
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country: poland |
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experience_group: non-jewish,helper |
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ghetto(s)_encyclopedia: none |
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ghetto: none |
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camp(s)_encyclopedia: none |
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camp: none |
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non_ss_camp: none |
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region: none |
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needs_research: none |
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data_entry: gg |
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accession: 1989.h.0339 |
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revisit: none |
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tags: transcripts |
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<body><dialogue class=""><p><sentence id="1">STEFANIA PODGORSKA BURZMINSKI September 22, 1989 </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3">Q: Would you tell me your name, please? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="5">A: My name is Stefania Podgorska. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="7">Q: And when and where were your born? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="9">A: I was born In <span class="country">Poland</span>, the place called <span class="populated place">Lipa</span>. </sentence><sentence id="10">That is like a <span class="populated place">village</span>. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="13">Q: Near where is it? </sentence><sentence id="14">Near a big <span class="populated place">city</span>? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="17">A: Oh, that is close to, to the <span class="populated place">city</span> called <span class="populated place">Bircza</span>. </sentence><sentence id="18">And when I was born, sometimes hard to say because I never saw my certificate birth. </sentence><sentence id="19">So what mother told me at that time I was 16. </sentence><sentence id="20">So I have to believe that. </sentence><sentence id="21">And during the war I went to, to <span class="building">city hall</span>, and I made papers because I need it. </sentence><sentence id="22">So I told what mother told me, so I am going with these papers until now. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="29">Q: Um-hm. </sentence><sentence id="30">Ok, fair enough. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="33">A: But really when I don't know. </sentence><sentence id="34">I don't need it know. </sentence><sentence id="35">Absolutely. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="39">Q: No. </sentence><sentence id="40">No, you don't. </sentence><sentence id="41">Tell me about your parents. </sentence><sentence id="42">What, what did your father do? </sentence><sentence id="43">How -- what was your life like as a child with them? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="49">A: Well, life was very good. </sentence><sentence id="50">My father and mother, you see, they didn't talk about too much with, with children about what happened, how. </sentence><sentence id="51">But what I heard, that my grandfather received from some king a big possession, big <span class="region">land</span> and <span class="building">home</span> for some heroic things, but I don't know what. </sentence><sentence id="52">And because the parents did tell. </sentence><sentence id="53">So we had, we had a lot of <span class="env feature">land</span> and big <span class="building">home</span>, <span class="building">building</span>, big. </sentence><sentence id="54">And what I remember...the people worked on the <span class="env feature">land</span>, and the parents paid them, and, and I was little girl. </sentence><sentence id="55">So I remember also we had a lot of horses -- I think six horses was, and a lot of animals, cows and chickens, what I hated. </sentence><sentence id="56">And we played around, running around; and, and that's all what was. </sentence><sentence id="57">Then maybe a year before war, father died. </sentence><sentence id="58">Yes. </sentence><sentence id="59">So mother was with us, and mostly sisters, two sisters older. </sentence><sentence id="60">They went to the <span class="populated place">city</span>. </sentence><sentence id="61">They found the work there, and they worked. </sentence><sentence id="62">And then I was maybe 12 years of age, I visit my sister with my mother, and I love it. </sentence><sentence id="63">They, they work in <span class="populated place">Przemysl</span>, where I was later; and when I came there first time, I don't know. </sentence><sentence id="64">I love <span class="populated place">city</span>. </sentence><sentence id="65">And I told to mother, "Maybe I will stay." </sentence><sentence id="66">Mother said, "No. </sentence><sentence id="67">You're too young." </sentence><sentence id="68">And I wanted to stay, but they didn't let me. </sentence><sentence id="69">But a few months later, I was visit again, with mother, my sisters. </sentence><sentence id="70">So I said -- start to cry, and then I said to mother, "I have to stay. </sentence><sentence id="71">I will not go back." </sentence><sentence id="72">You know, I don't know, maybe that was my destiny. </sentence><sentence id="73">I really don't know, but I hated on the <span class="populated place">village</span> this noise of the chickens and cows. </sentence><sentence id="74">I tell you, really, exactly at 12 o'clock at night, roosters start to crow. </sentence><sentence id="75">Oy, that's makes me nervous. </sentence><sentence id="76">And in the morning, early in the morning, chickens say ""Cock-cock-cock-cock-cock" That makes me nervous. </sentence><sentence id="77">So when I visit the second time my sisters, was for me <span class="populated place">city</span> was very quiet and was beautiful, and I start to cry, and I said to mother, "I have to stay. </sentence><sentence id="78">I will not go back there." </sentence><sentence id="79">So was no rooster at night that did crow. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="111">Q: How old were you at this time? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="113">A: I think I was maybe 12 or 13. </sentence><sentence id="114">So my sister said, "Ok, if--" she said to mother, " --if she wanted to stay, she can stay. </sentence><sentence id="115">We have <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="116">Not too big, but she can stay. </sentence><sentence id="117">We will find for her some light, not too difficult work, and she will work. </sentence><sentence id="118">She can be not lazy here." </sentence><sentence id="119">So mother said, "Ok, but how will it be with <span class="building">school</span>?" </sentence><sentence id="120">So I said to mother, "Well, I will see later. </sentence><sentence id="121">Now is vacation." </sentence><sentence id="122">So I stayed with her, my sister. </sentence><sentence id="123">Mother returned. </sentence><sentence id="124">And older sister Mary, she found work for me in some <span class="building">bakery</span>. </sentence><sentence id="125">So I was putting the rolls and bread on the <span class="spatial object">shelves</span>, but sometimes was too heavy for me. </sentence><sentence id="126">So one day sister came, and she saw and she said, "Well, I will look something else for you. </sentence><sentence id="127">And that was special some woman who looks for a work for a girl or some sister. </sentence><sentence id="128">And I went to her; and she said, "Oh, for this little girl, I will think I will have the work." </sentence><sentence id="129">And she went with me to some <span class="building">shop</span>; and that was older woman, a little corpulent, and a small <span class="building">shop</span> with everything. </sentence><sentence id="130">And she saw me, and they talked together with this woman, and she said, "Well, I, I really don't know the price," what she wanted to pay me. </sentence><sentence id="131">Because she talked to this woman, and this woman later talked to my sister. </sentence><sentence id="132">So then she said I can stay with her, ok. </sentence><sentence id="133">And that was mother of present my husband, yes. </sentence><sentence id="134">And after few days, really she start to laughing, because, you see, I was young and I was jumping, running, singing, dancing. </sentence><sentence id="135">And she was lonely. </sentence><sentence id="136">She had four sons, and they -- some works. </sentence><sentence id="137">The other went to <span class="building">school</span>, and husband was at <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="138">He was old. </sentence><sentence id="139">So she was in this little <span class="building">shop</span> alone, and lonely. </sentence><sentence id="140">But she said one day that I brought life to her life, to this little <span class="building">shop</span>. </sentence><sentence id="141">So sometimes I was jumping through the -- these <span class="spatial object">tables</span> and, and she was -- sometimes she tried to do also a little exercise, because she was sitting all day behind this, this, this <span class="spatial object">desk</span>. </sentence><sentence id="142">And, and what I saw this part was too big. </sentence><sentence id="143">And sometimes, sometimes she had it difficult to go out; because it was really -- I don't know how many years she was sitting there and that gathered all this fat. </sentence><sentence id="144">And also, when I start to sell things went, came sometimes young people, and especially boys. </sentence><sentence id="145">I sell them chocolates. </sentence><sentence id="146">And some day, I gave them one. </sentence><sentence id="147">They said, "Two." </sentence><sentence id="148">Ok. </sentence><sentence id="149">I gave them two, and they paid for two. </sentence><sentence id="150">And some, they gave me, one for them. </sentence><sentence id="151">So how many chocolate I can eat?So I put back. </sentence><sentence id="152">And she said, "That is a double!" </sentence><sentence id="153">I make money double for her, because I -- I am selling twice the same chocolate. </sentence><sentence id="154">So, you see. </sentence><sentence id="155">And I worked there maybe a year. </sentence><sentence id="156">And then one day, I had enough. </sentence><sentence id="157">So, was too boring. </sentence><sentence id="158">And I found another work. </sentence><sentence id="159">And in a few days I walked through this <span class="dlf">street</span> and close to her <span class="building">shop</span>, and she saw me. </sentence><sentence id="160">She called, and she start to cry. </sentence><sentence id="161">She embraced me. </sentence><sentence id="162">And she said, "It is so sad in this little <span class="building">shop</span>," and she's lonely, and she will double my pension and if I will return back. </sentence><sentence id="163">I said, "I will see." </sentence><sentence id="164">And she said, "I -- I cannot live without you." </sentence><sentence id="165">You see, sometimes her friends...she had a daughter, but something happened. </sentence><sentence id="166">Her daughter was sick, and she was in <span class="building">hospital</span>; and some her friend, they thought I am her daughter. </sentence><sentence id="167">Sometimes she said, "Yes, I am her daughter." </sentence><sentence id="168">So -- and she, she really -- she was lonely. </sentence><sentence id="169">And so, why I said to you, I, I was jumping, dancing. </sentence><sentence id="170">And she sometimes she would smile all day. </sentence><sentence id="171">And then I returned back to her. </sentence><sentence id="172">And so I work with her. </sentence><sentence id="173">Sometimes in the morning, when was not clients, so I run to her <span class="building">home</span> back to bring her some lunch. </sentence><sentence id="174">Something. </sentence><sentence id="175">Sometimes I ran to, to the <span class="building">market</span>. </sentence><sentence id="176">I make some shopping, because the husband was not capable to, to do that. </sentence><sentence id="177">For me that was fun. </sentence><sentence id="178">Run out. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="246">Q: What happened as the war began to draw near? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="248">A: When the war began, and so I still was there, there. </sentence><sentence id="249">And my sisters were, were -- mother came one day, and they said. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="252">Q: Excuse me. </sentence><sentence id="253">How many sisters did, did you have? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="256">A: Six. </sentence><sentence id="257">That was six. </sentence><sentence id="258">Mother had six girls and two boys -- really, she had three boys. </sentence><sentence id="259">One died. </sentence><sentence id="260">That was later. </sentence><sentence id="261">Stayed two boys and six girls. </sentence><sentence id="262">That's a lot! </sentence><sentence id="263">So when war start, so I work, work still there. </sentence><sentence id="264">And then my sisters lost the <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, and I didn't have <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="265">So this lady, she said, "You can sleep in my <span class="building">house</span>." </sentence><sentence id="266">But was no place, but it was little <span class="dlf">hole</span>. </sentence><sentence id="267">And I said, "Well, I can sleep here in this <span class="dlf">hole</span>." </sentence><sentence id="268">So her husband, he make like a courtesan to cover my <span class="spatial object">bed</span>, and that was rolling <span class="spatial object">bed</span> on the <span class="env feature">dirt</span> at night. </sentence><sentence id="269">I make this <span class="spatial object">bed</span>, and daytime I put back together and to the <span class="dlf">corner</span>. </sentence><sentence id="270">That was all. </sentence><sentence id="271">And that was few months. </sentence><sentence id="272">Then war start; and , the - - her sons and came German first. </sentence><sentence id="273">Her sons ran away to another <span class="populated place">city</span>, to <span class="populated place">Lvov</span> called, because closer to <span class="country">Russia</span>. </sentence><sentence id="274">Because all youngsters they wanted to run away from <span class="country">Germany</span> to the <span class="country">Russia</span>. </sentence><sentence id="275">And they went there, to <span class="populated place">Lvov</span>, and they couldn't go farther. </sentence><sentence id="276">So after, I think, few weeks they returned back, and <span class="country">Russia</span> came. </sentence><sentence id="277">And <span class="country">Russia</span> conquered this part. </sentence><sentence id="278">But the other part, after the <span class="env feature">river San</span>, that was still German. </sentence><sentence id="279">So this lady was very afraid what will be if <span class="country">Germany</span> will come back. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="304">Q: What was it like under the Russian occupation? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="306">A: Well, that was normal. </sentence><sentence id="307">That was normal. </sentence><sentence id="308">Only difficult was with language. </sentence><sentence id="309">So that was few weeks was German. </sentence><sentence id="310">So on the <span class="dlf">street</span>, mostly I was running on the <span class="dlf">street</span> to buy some bread, to buy milk, everything. </sentence><sentence id="311">Was no <span class="building">shop</span> or <span class="building">market</span>, "<span class="building">Star Market</span>" or "<span class="building">Stop and Shop</span>" like here. </sentence><sentence id="312"> Just on the <span class="dlf">street</span> from the village women. </sentence><sentence id="313">So we were buying milk or butter, or something like that. </sentence><sentence id="314">So mostly in the morning, I was on the <span class="dlf">street</span> running to, to, to buy everything. </sentence><sentence id="315">Soon I heard on the <span class="dlf">street</span> Germans speaking and so, German soldiers. </sentence><sentence id="316">Came <span class="country">Russia</span>, just Russian soldiers and the Russian language. </sentence><sentence id="317">For me, was not really different because some friends, they said, "Well, now we have <span class="country">Russia</span>. </sentence><sentence id="318">We don't know, maybe later we will have somebody else. </sentence><sentence id="319">We have to use, be use to that." </sentence><sentence id="320">And our life start to be again normal. </sentence><sentence id="321">And <span class="building">shops</span> were opened, and I was still living with my old lady in this <span class="building">shop</span>. </sentence><sentence id="322">And then start again war, again fighting, fighting; and again Germans were coming. </sentence><sentence id="323">And again these sons were running to the <span class="dlf">Russia border</span> and to on the way to the <span class="country">Russia</span>. </sentence><sentence id="324">Again to the <span class="populated place">Lvov</span>. </sentence><sentence id="325">And so came German and start to segregate people. </sentence><sentence id="326">And also after the few weeks, the sons returned back because the German were there also. </sentence><sentence id="327">So was no sense. </sentence><sentence id="328">They couldn't run away with the Ger-- with the Russian soldiers. </sentence><sentence id="329">Something happened. </sentence><sentence id="330">I don't know why. </sentence><sentence id="331">They didn't run away there. </sentence><sentence id="332">So they coming back. </sentence><sentence id="333">And they, the German start to segregate people. </sentence><sentence id="334">They start to talk about all Jewish people start to wear this arm bands with stars. </sentence><sentence id="335">So for me that was something strange because I, I didn't know why the Germans start to segregate people, and why they mark these people with, with stars and white armbands. </sentence><sentence id="336">For me, this -- and for all our friends, we sometimes talked and we said what happened. </sentence><sentence id="337">After war -- before war -- was everything all right, really together; and we were all friends, more or less. </sentence><sentence id="338">But we were friends. </sentence><sentence id="339">And now when Germans came to the <span class="country">country</span>, they start to segregate people. </sentence><sentence id="340">So sometimes we were very disagreed with that, but we couldn't do nothing. </sentence><sentence id="341">So then -- and you see, maybe why I later also helped, because when Germans were -- I'm sorry. </sentence><sentence id="342">I'm jumping so with.... So, on the <span class="dlf">street</span> one day I walked, and I was surprised everything, some people start to talk something wrong about that. </sentence><sentence id="343">About Germans, war and, and when walked, some boy -- Jewish boy -- maybe 10 years of age, and the other boy was not a Jew, and the other boy start to a little yell at this Jewish boy. </sentence><sentence id="344">And what -- so ordinary worker man, maybe 30 -- and he asked this boy, "Why you yell at him?" </sentence><sentence id="345">And this boy said, "Well, be--because he is a Jew." </sentence><sentence id="346">And this man said, "What he is a Jew? </sentence><sentence id="347">Look at him. </sentence><sentence id="348">He is the same like you. </sentence><sentence id="349">You see he is not difference. </sentence><sentence id="350">Just German makes difference. </sentence><sentence id="351">Before was no difference. </sentence><sentence id="352">Look at him. </sentence><sentence id="353">He is a Jew, ok? </sentence><sentence id="354">Because that is his people gave this name -- a Jew -- like you has the name of Pole. </sentence><sentence id="355">Every -- some groups, they give themselves some name. </sentence><sentence id="356">But look at him --the same skin like yours, like mine, like all of these people. </sentence><sentence id="357">The same color of hair -- some are, some are darker, some are blonde. </sentence><sentence id="358">That depend." </sentence><sentence id="359">And said, "And what that he's a Jew? </sentence><sentence id="360">You have to be friendly." </sentence><sentence id="361">That now is a war; and war will finish, and we will be all again friendly. </sentence><sentence id="362">And these boys, and, and this man said, "Shake the together hands. </sentence><sentence id="363">Be friends." </sentence><sentence id="364">And for me that was something also new. </sentence><sentence id="365">You see, I looked and I said, "Of course, we are the same." </sentence><sentence id="366">And you will laugh, but when I came <span class="building">home</span> I looked at my skin. </sentence><sentence id="367">Because I, I have no, no chance to educate myself about people. </sentence><sentence id="368">Was, was no, no <span class="spatial object">television</span> -- like today, you can hear <span class="spatial object">television</span>, you can listen and people are talking. </sentence><sentence id="369">But wasn't that time. </sentence><sentence id="370">Radio some only people had. </sentence><sentence id="371">So, I, I just learned what I heard on the <span class="dlf">street</span>. </sentence><sentence id="372">That's all was. </sentence><sentence id="373"> So later I was surprised also that Germans segregate people. </sentence><sentence id="374">They start to talk about <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, and, and they made the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="375">I helped to moved this -- my old lady with sons, with husband, to move to <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="376">We, we are carrying a little something -- a <span class="spatial object">chair</span> not too heavy, some <span class="spatial object">luggages</span>, some <span class="spatial object">valises</span> -- and they advised me also to, to find for myself some <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="377">For me, especially, with my name. </sentence><sentence id="378">I really didn't know where to look, but they told me, they show me. </sentence><sentence id="379">And the same <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, that was one <span class="interior space">room</span> separate. </sentence><sentence id="380">And her husband told me where to go, and I went there. </sentence><sentence id="381">I brought paper. </sentence><sentence id="382">And he filled up everything, so I went there back to the <span class="building">city hall</span>, and of <span class="interior space">building apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="383">And they gave me permission for this one <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="384">And I was so proud that I have my own <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="464">Q: How old were you at this time? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="466">A: I think, at, at that time, I was maybe 17, maybe 16, 17 -- something like that, yes. </sentence><sentence id="467">So I had my own <span class="interior space">room</span>; and I was proud, very proud. </sentence><sentence id="468">So they went to <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="469">And all <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, all these <span class="building">building</span> was empty, because there lived only Jews. </sentence><sentence id="470">And on the first <span class="interior space">floor</span>, that was some Catholic girl there. </sentence><sentence id="471">She lived there a long time ago. </sentence><sentence id="472">And sometimes we are laughing. </sentence><sentence id="473">We came together, and she said -- she was older, she was maybe 21 -- and she said, "Well, now we are here host. </sentence><sentence id="474">We are owner of this <span class="building">building</span>." </sentence><sentence id="475">And sometimes I was afraid, because I was alone on the <span class="interior space">third floor</span>. </sentence><sentence id="476">Was nobody there. </sentence><sentence id="477">But you see, then one night, I heard that people were taken from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> to <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="478">And one night I heard the screaming, my old lady and her <span class="interior space">apartment</span> at that was across, and that was her voice. </sentence><sentence id="479">And in the morning, I ran to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="480">And I, I had my special <span class="dlf">hole</span> there, under the <span class="spatial object">screen</span>, and I knew there a, a few policemen and few German policemen. </sentence><sentence id="481">I often were a guest around the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="482">They, they knew me. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="500">Q: I didn't understand. </sentence><sentence id="501">You had a <span class="dlf">hole</span> where? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class=""><p><sentence id="504"> 1 </sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="505">A: When I sneaked to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> sometimes, that was -- the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> was around with <span class="dlf">barbed wire</span>. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="507">Q: Oh, your <span class="interior space">apartment</span> was outside of the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="509">A: Of course. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="511">Q: You were not inside the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="513">A: No, absolutely no. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="515">Q: Ok. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="517">A: I never was in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="518">I just visit, yes. </sentence><sentence id="519">So when I ran to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, and I, I run to <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> and I met there policeman who knew that me that I was very often there. </sentence><sentence id="520">And I told him I wanted to go inside. </sentence><sentence id="521">He said, "You cannot go there. </sentence><sentence id="522">It is very dangerous." </sentence><sentence id="523">I said, "I have to go there! </sentence><sentence id="524">I have to visit my friend and tell him something." </sentence><sentence id="525">He said that was the -- they took the people to the <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>, and some place. </sentence><sentence id="526">Anyway, it's very danger. </sentence><sentence id="527">You cannot go there. </sentence><sentence id="528">And then came German policeman. </sentence><sentence id="529">I said, also, I didn't speak German, just few words; but I told to this policeman, he Polish policeman -- he spoke very well German -- I said, told him that I've -- he have to disappear, and you, too, because I have to go to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="530">And this German policeman said to me, "Nein, nein, nein!"" </sentence><sentence id="531">He will not let me go there. </sentence><sentence id="532">I said, "I have to go there!" </sentence><sentence id="533">And I said to this Po-- Polish policeman, "Take him out some place to the <span class="building">building</span>, and you and go and disappear. </sentence><sentence id="534">Because I have to go there." </sentence><sentence id="535">And they talked together and they went to some <span class="building">building</span>. </sentence><sentence id="536">And I pulled out a little this <span class="spatial object">screen</span>, this <span class="dlf">wire</span>, and I sneaked there and I went to, to their <span class="building">house</span>, there to their <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="537">So the parents that night were taken to the <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="538">And because I heard screaming -- this lady, I heard voice -- because she cried that she left the children, and she didn't know what will be with her, with her husband. </sentence><sentence id="539">And they never returned back. </sentence><sentence id="540">And then again was "Aktion;"? " </sentence><sentence id="541">Aktion" -- that called when they took the people to <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="542">That was the Aktion in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="569">Q: Describe it, please. </sentence><sentence id="570">When you were outside, did you get to see any of it? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="573">A: Oh, yes. </sentence><sentence id="574">I saw when they took it very often to the <span class="spatial object">wagon</span>, people. </sentence><sentence id="575">So that was <span class="dlf">bridge</span>, connected from this place where I lived to the other side, to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="576">Before that was no <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="577">That was normal <span class="dlf">streets</span> there. </sentence><sentence id="578">People lived. </sentence><sentence id="579">But that was the <span class="dlf">bridge</span> through by the <span class="spatial object">train</span> were passing under, the <span class="dlf">bridge</span> that was <span class="spatial object">train</span>, that was <span class="dlf">tracks</span>. </sentence><sentence id="580">So very often I was standing on this <span class="dlf">bridge</span> with some my friends. </sentence><sentence id="581">So I saw them, how they took the people to the <span class="spatial object">trains</span>, and the <span class="spatial object">wagon</span> left. </sentence><sentence id="582">And very often I went to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="583">I smuggled the food there, and sometimes they gave me there. </sentence><sentence id="584">So they, these four brothers, they didn't have any more parents. </sentence><sentence id="585">So they were alone. </sentence><sentence id="586">Then they took their other brother -- one brother also to the <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>, to <span class="populated place">Lvov</span> -- that was a <span class="populated place">camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="587">And I visited there several times. </sentence><sentence id="588">I was there. </sentence><sentence id="589">That was <span class="populated place">camp</span> not only for Jews. </sentence><sentence id="590">That was for Poles, for <span class="country">Ukraines</span> -- Gypsy -- that was <span class="populated place">mix-it camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="591">So that also was one a policeman took care there, and he guarded there. </sentence><sentence id="592">So I made friends with him. </sentence><sentence id="593">So he sometimes he went there, and he called this brother Isaac (ph) -- my husband will show picture, I think, is here. </sentence><sentence id="594">And I brought food sometimes to him, and message. </sentence><sentence id="595">And so, I was lucky. </sentence><sentence id="596">I don't know why really, but I made it friends with people. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="621">Q: Can you describe the <span class="populated place">camp</span>? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="623">A: I wasn't inside. </sentence><sentence id="624">I just this, this policeman, he took me one day to inside. </sentence><sentence id="625">But there came other guard, and he said, "It's forbidden to people from outside to bring inside to the <span class="populated place">camp</span>." </sentence><sentence id="626">He "No, no, no!" ( </sentence><sentence id="627">German). </sentence><sentence id="628">> Murderous campaigns undertaken for political, racial, or eugenic ends (German). </sentence><sentence id="629"> said, "I am here working. </sentence><sentence id="630">I will not let my wife come here, or somebody else." </sentence><sentence id="631">So I saw just a little. </sentence><sentence id="632">So then this, this policeman said, "Ok, come on out." </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="643">Q: But you brought food with you? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="645">A: Yes, yes. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="647">Q: Were you able to get it in to the -- </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="649">A: Yes, yes. </sentence><sentence id="650">They called, they called this <span class="populated place">Isaac</span> (ph). </sentence><sentence id="651">They call, and he came to this special <span class="interior space">room</span> -- <span class="interior space">visit room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="652">So I gave sometimes shirt clean or underwear, or something like that. </sentence><sentence id="653">And food I gave. </sentence><sentence id="654">But I came one day, and I -- we make arrangement. </sentence><sentence id="655">And this Isaac (ph), he asked me -- he wanted to run away. </sentence><sentence id="656">And he asked me to bring some old glasses and pair of shoes, that he will dress differently, like on the <span class="dlf">street</span>. </sentence><sentence id="657">And he will run away when I will come next time. </sentence><sentence id="658">Ok. </sentence><sentence id="659">So I came next time. </sentence><sentence id="660">I brought everything. </sentence><sentence id="661">But I was late, and maybe three hours, because on the, on that -- well, you don't know but during the war was nothing in time. </sentence><sentence id="662">When I went by <span class="spatial object">trolley</span>, so soldiers stopped the <span class="spatial object">trolley</span>; because that the Germans, they called Nachschub.? </sentence><sentence id="663">Germans army was passing. </sentence><sentence id="664">And for them, that was first way supposed to be, not for civilian. </sentence><sentence id="665">Just for the soldiers. </sentence><sentence id="666">So the <span class="spatial object">train</span> was waiting maybe two hours. </sentence><sentence id="667">Then one hour took me to get there. </sentence><sentence id="668">And this Isaac (ph), he waited for me. </sentence><sentence id="669">And, was another, some woman that was maybe similar to me. </sentence><sentence id="670">And he thought that that's me, that I am waiting there, and he ran from the <span class="populated place">camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="671">And some guard saw him and ran after him, and took him back. </sentence><sentence id="672">And I don't know what happened there; but anyway, he was dead. </sentence><sentence id="673">That everything told me, few hours later. </sentence><sentence id="674">His friend, whom I knew, also, from the same <span class="populated place">city</span> -- they were neighbors. </sentence><sentence id="675">And he said "Isaac (ph) is dead." </sentence><sentence id="676">And he said how that happened. </sentence><sentence id="677">And so I gave him this bread? </sentence><sentence id="678">What I brought -- this food. </sentence><sentence id="679">And I gave him, and then I, I returned back. </sentence><sentence id="680">And that what, what happened. </sentence><sentence id="681">And you see, I returned back. </sentence><sentence id="682">And then again was Aktion in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, and <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> was smaller and smaller. </sentence><sentence id="683">And one day, one brother with his fiancee, he works in some on the <span class="dlf">field</span>, <span class="dlf">field</span> with some with some farmers. </sentence><sentence id="684">They worked. </sentence><sentence id="685">They cultivated some vegetables. </sentence><sentence id="686">And they knew if German will have, will finish this war, so they will not needed them anymore. </sentence><sentence id="687">And next day, I heard that the -- again there's no more <span class="populated place">ghettos</span> -- so <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> still was, but again they took a lot of people to the <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="688">And then that time, they took present my husband and his brothers, and others people they took. </sentence><sentence id="689">And like he said that on the way, he knew that they will not survive. </sentence><sentence id="690">They will go -- they, they were going to -- for a death. </sentence><sentence id="691">Nothing more. </sentence><sentence id="692">So he wanted to commit suicide. </sentence><sentence id="693">He -- he wanted to jump from running <span class="spatial object">train</span>, and he will be killed anyway. </sentence><sentence id="694">He wanted to commit suicide. </sentence><sentence id="695">And he bro-- broked the <span class="dlf">barbed wire</span> from the <span class="dlf">window</span>, make a <span class="dlf">hole</span> and he jumped. </sentence><sentence id="696">And he told his brother also to jump after him. </sentence><sentence id="697">That they will be killed, and they will not have to go anymore to <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="698">But he jumped, and he wasn't killed. </sentence><sentence id="699">And brother didn't jump. </sentence><sentence id="700">What he said later, Joe, when he jumped he had a bread. </sentence><sentence id="701">And this bread, he 3 Supplies, either personal or material (German). </sentence><sentence id="702"> covered it here on the <span class="spatial object">chest</span>. </sentence><sentence id="703">When he jumped, and he was slide because the, the, the force of the <span class="env feature">air</span> pushed him and he was slide. </sentence><sentence id="704">And he stopped on the post, some post, and the post hit him here on the <span class="spatial object">chest</span> in exactly what was the bread. </sentence><sentence id="705">And he had big <span class="dlf">hole</span> on the bread, but this bread saved his <span class="spatial object">chest</span>. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="763">Q: It was a <span class="spatial object">bag</span>? </sentence><sentence id="764">I'm sorry. </sentence><sentence id="765">I don't understand. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="769">A: Bread. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="771">Q: Oh. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="773">A: Loaf of bread, he had here. </sentence><sentence id="774">And this bread, loaf of bread, saved his <span class="spatial object">chest</span>. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="777">Q: A loaf of bread? </sentence><sentence id="778">Ok. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="781">A: Yes. </sentence><sentence id="782">And when he woke up, the <span class="spatial object">train</span> was far away; and he looked and he didn't find his brother. </sentence><sentence id="783">He didn't jump; but jumps other two people, some strange people. </sentence><sentence id="784">And he found them. </sentence><sentence id="785">One was broken here, this <span class="region">clavicle area</span>, however, so he helped him. </sentence><sentence id="786">The other man jumped, young man. </sentence><sentence id="787">He had -- was broken something, hand here. </sentence><sentence id="788">So he helped them, and they walked a little. </sentence><sentence id="789">And they went to some man that Joe knew him before war. </sentence><sentence id="790">They went sometimes to skiing. </sentence><sentence id="791">And he, this man, had like some little <span class="interior space">cafeteria</span>, and they came to him, and Joe said, "You remember me." </sentence><sentence id="792">So this man said, "Oh, yes. </sentence><sentence id="793">I remember." </sentence><sentence id="794">But he said, "You know, I ama Jew. </sentence><sentence id="795">And I jumped from the run-- running <span class="spatial object">train</span> that goes to the <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="796">So can you accept me? </sentence><sentence id="797">Can I stay here only one night?" </sentence><sentence id="798">Because was cold. </sentence><sentence id="799">And he said, "Ok, ok. </sentence><sentence id="800">You can stay." </sentence><sentence id="801">And he asked about friends. </sentence><sentence id="802">He said, "Ok, stay with your friends." </sentence><sentence id="803">And they let him stay and give what he could, some warm coffee and some little -- he washed them, helped them, and in the morning they left. </sentence><sentence id="804">Early in the morning. </sentence><sentence id="805">So the next, in the evening, he went to another friend that he -- in <span class="populated place">Przemysl</span>, the other friend, that he -- same <span class="populated place">city</span> in <span class="populated place">Przemys</span>]. </sentence><sentence id="806">And this man -- so he let him stay during -- all day he let him stay. </sentence><sentence id="807">But at night, in the evening, he said, "My wife is scared." </sentence><sentence id="808">Because of the Gestapo law, who was, "Who will help the Jews will be punished by death." </sentence><sentence id="809">Of course, everybody was afraid. </sentence><sentence id="810">So this man said, "My wife is afraid. </sentence><sentence id="811">I have children. </sentence><sentence id="812">So if somehow Gestapo will discover, so we will be all killed. </sentence><sentence id="813">So maybe you will find some -- another place, some-- somehow maybe somebody will take you." </sentence><sentence id="814">So Joe, he didn't know if I am still living in the same place or no. </sentence><sentence id="815">And he -- but this man brought him to the <span class="populated place">city</span>; because he, this man, lived a little behind the <span class="populated place">city</span>. </sentence><sentence id="816">He brought him, and he let him go. </sentence><sentence id="817">And Joe said, "Ok, I will go out." </sentence><sentence id="818">And this man said, "Maybe God will help you. </sentence><sentence id="819">Maybe after the war we will meet again. </sentence><sentence id="820">And good luck." </sentence><sentence id="821">And he left. </sentence><sentence id="822">And Joe went to the same <span class="building">building</span> where I lived and his parents before lived, and he went to the <span class="interior space">basement</span> because he didn't know what will, if he can come to me or no. </sentence><sentence id="823">For he, he thought that few days he will be in the, in the <span class="interior space">basement</span>. </sentence><sentence id="824">When he came there. </sentence><sentence id="825">Well, <span class="interior space">basement</span> the <span class="interior space">basement</span>. </sentence><sentence id="826">Was some rats, mice, cats, sometimes were fighting, and that was maybe 11 o'clock in the evening. </sentence><sentence id="827">He was afraid also. </sentence><sentence id="828">And he was thirsty, hungry. </sentence><sentence id="829">And he was wounded also from the running <span class="spatial object">train</span>. </sentence><sentence id="830">When he jumped, he was wounded -- hands and face and knees; and he was afraid sometimes maybe some neighbors will come to the <span class="interior space">basement</span> and will see -- find him. </sentence><sentence id="831">So he took the risk to come out. </sentence><sentence id="832">Maybe I will let him go if] am still in the same place and the same <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="833">So he knocked. </sentence><sentence id="834">I was surprised for this knocking to my <span class="dlf">door</span> so late in the evening. </sentence><sentence id="835">So I asked, "Who is there?" </sentence><sentence id="836">He said, "Joe." " </sentence><sentence id="837">Joe who?" </sentence><sentence id="838">And he said, "Well, you remember Joe. </sentence><sentence id="839">You worked with my mother. </sentence><sentence id="840">Is Joe from this little <span class="building">shop</span>." " </sentence><sentence id="841">Ok." </sentence><sentence id="842">I opened. </sentence><sentence id="843">Well, I saw Joe. </sentence><sentence id="844">But that was no Joe. </sentence><sentence id="845">That was like three disasters together. </sentence><sentence id="846">Dirty, wounded, the blood on the face, blood on the hands, hands were very swollen. </sentence><sentence id="847">And so, "Ok," I said. </sentence><sentence id="848">And he asked -- and he said, "If you let me stay through the night, only one night. </sentence><sentence id="849">And tomorrow in the morning I will go out some place. </sentence><sentence id="850">But one night. </sentence><sentence id="851">I said, "Ok, come on." </sentence><sentence id="852">And my sister, she didn't know who was the Joe, and she didn't know who are the Jews, really. </sentence><sentence id="853">She didn't know the difference. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="927">Q: How old was she? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="929">A: She was six and a half at that time. </sentence><sentence id="930">So I explain. </sentence><sentence id="931">I said, "That is my friend, the Joe." </sentence><sentence id="932">And she asked, "Why he is so dirty? </sentence><sentence id="933">Why he has some blood on the hands?" </sentence><sentence id="934">I said, "He fell, fell down some place." </sentence><sentence id="935">And so she helped me to washed him, and little so.... And I didn't have pajama for him, and I gave him my nightgown. </sentence><sentence id="936">And my sister, she laughed and she said, "Oh, now we have two <span class="spatial object">Fusia</span>, not one." </sentence><sentence id="937">She called me from <span class="populated place">Stefania</span>, the <span class="env feature">Fusia</span>. </sentence><sentence id="938">I'm <span class="populated place">Fusia</span>. </sentence><sentence id="939">And she laughed, and she -- "Well, that is <span class="populated place">Fusia</span>, and that is another <span class="populated place">Fusia</span>." </sentence><sentence id="940">And he, I put him to the <span class="spatial object">bed</span> and he couldn't sleep because he was so excited and that he lost everything, and all night -- and he had a fever also. </sentence><sentence id="941">All night he was calling, "Mother!," " </sentence><sentence id="942">Father!," </sentence><sentence id="943">and "Brother!" </sentence><sentence id="944">Why he didn't, didn't jump. </sentence><sentence id="945">All night: "I am jumping, I am -- jump after me." </sentence><sentence id="946">He called still that this, this brother, that he should jump. </sentence><sentence id="947">All night I was sitting behind -- beside his <span class="spatial object">bed</span>, and quiet because I was afraid maybe somebody will heard this girl have a man in her <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="948">In the morning, he felt a little better. </sentence><sentence id="949">So I made some tea, and then I bought some little milk and he felt a little better. </sentence><sentence id="950">And still he had a high fever. </sentence><sentence id="951">So he was a few days. </sentence><sentence id="952">And during the day came friend of mine. </sentence><sentence id="953">So I didn't -- her -- didn't want to see her, a man, so I said to, to Joe, "Jump under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>." </sentence><sentence id="954">So he jump under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>, and all his clothes I put, put with, with him. </sentence><sentence id="955">And I said, "Keep you feet, feet cannot sticking out. </sentence><sentence id="956">And don't, don't breathe too loud. </sentence><sentence id="957">Don't sneeze." </sentence><sentence id="958">And I covered the <span class="spatial object">bed</span> longer with a blanket, that nobody will see him. </sentence><sentence id="959">And he was stayed, I think, week or, or week and a half he was in, in my <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="960">And this man, my <span class="spatial object">bed</span>. </sentence><sentence id="961">And I slept in the other <span class="spatial object">bed</span> with my sister. </sentence><sentence id="962">And I have to enlighten my sister a little: who is the, the Joe, who are the Jews. </sentence><sentence id="963">And so sometimes I took her around the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, and I show her that is the Jews. </sentence><sentence id="964">And she asked a question, "Who are they, these Jews? </sentence><sentence id="965">What kind of people?" </sentence><sentence id="966">She didn't know. </sentence><sentence id="967">So I explain her, and I told her that Joe is a Jew; and she said, "But he is the same like you, like me. </sentence><sentence id="968">Like other men. </sentence><sentence id="969">He's the same!" </sentence><sentence id="970">I said, "Yes, he is the same." </sentence><sentence id="971">So I have to explain her the same what I heard this worker told to this little boy, who are the Jews: the same skin, the same everything, only the name is a the difference. </sentence><sentence id="972">And I told her, "You remember the mother, one time she said that God is one for all people. </sentence><sentence id="973">Only people choose some leaders, like she said Jews took the, the <span class="spatial object">Moses</span>. </sentence><sentence id="974">That is just a counsel. </sentence><sentence id="975">But God is one. </sentence><sentence id="976">The other people choose their counsel. </sentence><sentence id="977">But they, all these leaders counsels go to one God." </sentence><sentence id="978">And so I explained the same to my sister, because I had no -- I had no other way. </sentence><sentence id="979">So that she can understand a little more who are the Jews and why <span class="building">Gestapo</span> are killing Jews. </sentence><sentence id="980">I, I said, "I don't know really why. </sentence><sentence id="981">I cannot tell you why, but they killed them. </sentence><sentence id="982">So we will try to help." </sentence><sentence id="983">And so she, she was enlightened a little who are the Jews. </sentence><sentence id="984">And, and then I -- </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1041">Q: You have a picture -- excuse me. </sentence><sentence id="1042">You have a picture here of you and your sister during this time. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1045">A: Yes, yes. </sentence><sentence id="1046">This is the pictures during the war and this picture is a little later. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1049">Q: Hold it up a little just a little. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1051">A: Yes. </sentence><sentence id="1052">This is earlier. </sentence><sentence id="1053">This is a little later. </sentence><sentence id="1054">That is almost before, when war was ended. </sentence><sentence id="1055">Almost, this picture. </sentence><sentence id="1056">But that, that is a little earlier. </sentence><sentence id="1057">You see this <span class="spatial object">skirt</span>, that is not mine. </sentence><sentence id="1058">That is one of the women whom I hid in the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1059">She was -- why? </sentence><sentence id="1060">Because was time where when they had no more money, so I have to exchanged dresses for our food. </sentence><sentence id="1061">So I exchange all my better dresses for a food, and then I had only one dress. </sentence><sentence id="1062">And then I started to -- they started to, to look among themselves what they have to exchange. </sentence><sentence id="1063">So I had only one dress, and the Sunday -- sometimes if I wanted to go out and have something, I didn't have dress. </sentence><sentence id="1064">Only to work. </sentence><sentence id="1065">So this woman, she was with two children. </sentence><sentence id="1066">And she said, "Well, maybe this skirt...you will take mine." </sentence><sentence id="1067">She said, "It's in good condition, so try." </sentence><sentence id="1068">And I tried, ok. </sentence><sentence id="1069">And that is her, her skirt, because I didn't have. </sentence><sentence id="1070">I exchanged for a food. </sentence><sentence id="1071">Listen, 13 people that I needed a lot of food for them. </sentence><sentence id="1072">13 them, two of us. </sentence><sentence id="1073">That was together 15 people. </sentence><sentence id="1074">I needed a lot of food. </sentence><sentence id="1075">So that is my sister, and that's me. </sentence><sentence id="1076">And that is later, almost when war was ended. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1103">Q: Let us go back now. </sentence><sentence id="1104">Sorry to interrupt you. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1107">A: That's all right. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1109">Q: So you have been hiding Joe under your <span class="spatial object">bed</span> for a week and a half, or -- </sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1110">A: Yes. </sentence><sentence id="1111">And then I, I went where work his brother. </sentence><sentence id="1112">When he works there on the <span class="dlf">field</span> with his fiancee. </sentence><sentence id="1113">I went there to tell him that Joe is all right; and he jumped from the <span class="spatial object">train</span> and he came to me. </sentence><sentence id="1114">I went there and I told him. </sentence><sentence id="1115">And he said, "Ok, but anyway he will be dead now or later. </sentence><sentence id="1116">He -- they will kill us." </sentence><sentence id="1117">And his fiancee, Danuta (ph) her name was, and she asked me maybe they will come to me also because when they will not needed them anymore, so they will kill them. </sentence><sentence id="1118">I said, "I don't know. </sentence><sentence id="1119">I have only one <span class="interior space">room</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1120">And the evening when they went back to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, she run away. </sentence><sentence id="1121">She asked Henick (ph) -- her fiance, Joe's brother -- that maybe he will run away from the way. </sentence><sentence id="1122">And he was afraid, and she said, "You are going, or no?" </sentence><sentence id="1123">He said, "No, I am not going." </sentence><sentence id="1124">And she ran away by herself, and she came to me. </sentence><sentence id="1125">So now I, I have two Jews. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class=""><p><sentence id="1142"> But she two days later greeted me also unexpectedly friend of mine, and Joe were jumping under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>, and I wanted her to jump, but at that moment friend of mine opened the <span class="dlf">door</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1143">And I just pretended that I am making the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>, to cover Joe under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span> with the blanket. </sentence><sentence id="1144">And she saw this Danuta (ph), and she asked me, "Oh, who is that?" </sentence><sentence id="1145">I said, "Well, that is a friend of mine." </sentence><sentence id="1146">And, "What's she doing here? </sentence><sentence id="1147">When she came?" </sentence><sentence id="1148">Because she knows everything. </sentence><sentence id="1149">Only was two of us in whole <span class="building">building</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1150">So you know, I don't know how these lies came to me. </sentence><sentence id="1151">I told her that this friend, she's pregnant and she didn't want her parents know that she is pregnant. </sentence><sentence id="1152">And she wanted to make abortion, and she ran away from parents and she came to me, yes. </sentence><sentence id="1153">I don't know how I make up these stories. </sentence><sentence id="1154">And this friend had -- she told, "Well, that's very easy." </sentence><sentence id="1155">And she asked how months she's pregnant. </sentence><sentence id="1156">I said, well, that is two months. </sentence><sentence id="1157">And I really didn't know how, how, how long she was to say she was pregnant, because I didn't know the difference. </sentence><sentence id="1158">The shorter, the longer -- I said, "Two months." </sentence><sentence id="1159">And she said -- she gave advice, and she said to her, "Well, first of all, you have to make a hot <span class="interior space">bath</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1160">And you will, will sit there in the <span class="env feature">hot water</span> maybe half an hour. </sentence><sentence id="1161">Then you make exercise -- very, very strong exercise. </sentence><sentence id="1162">Then again hot water, and then a run on the <span class="dlf">steps</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1163">I lived on the <span class="interior space">third floor</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1164">She said, "Run on the <span class="dlf">steps</span> several times: up and down, up and down. </sentence><sentence id="1165">And make strong exercise, and that will go out." </sentence><sentence id="1166">I said, "Well, you have experience!" </sentence><sentence id="1167">She said, "Well, a little." </sentence><sentence id="1168">And I told to Danuta (ph), I said, "Listen carefully. </sentence><sentence id="1169">You have to do that." </sentence><sentence id="1170">And I asked her, this neighbor, I said, "Well, how I will make <span class="interior space">bath</span>, hot <span class="interior space">bath</span> for her? </sentence><sentence id="1171">I have no <span class="interior space">bath</span> here. </sentence><sentence id="1172">There is nothing." </sentence><sentence id="1173">She said, "Well, all right." </sentence><sentence id="1174">And she said, "I will borrow you..." She had like a big, big, some rounded -- some <span class="spatial object">pot</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1175">She said, "You will warm water in the <span class="spatial object">pot</span>, and then put here warm water. </sentence><sentence id="1176">And she will sit, and you will add every so 10 minutes or 15 minutes hot water. </sentence><sentence id="1177">And that will be all right. </sentence><sentence id="1178">And then exercises." </sentence><sentence id="1179">And I said to Danuta (ph), "Listen, you have to do that if you want to get rid of these things when you have that." </sentence><sentence id="1180">And then my friend, she left. </sentence><sentence id="1181">And then she brought me this big <span class="spatial object">pot</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1182">And I thanked her very much for her advice, and I said to Danuta (ph), "You thanks her, because that was for you." </sentence><sentence id="1183">And she said, "Thank you very much." </sentence><sentence id="1184">And she asked, "That will help?" </sentence><sentence id="1185">She said, "Ok, that will help. </sentence><sentence id="1186">You will see that will help." " </sentence><sentence id="1187">Ok." </sentence><sentence id="1188">So the neighbor left, and we laugh a little. </sentence><sentence id="1189">I said, "Will you jump?" </sentence><sentence id="1190">And next day I went to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, and this brother, he was waiting around. </sentence><sentence id="1191">He knew the place that mostly I were coming there. </sentence><sentence id="1192">And I met him there; and he said, "Well, here in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> everything is quiet. </sentence><sentence id="1193">It's all right. </sentence><sentence id="1194">They can return back." </sentence><sentence id="1195">I said, "I don't know." </sentence><sentence id="1196">So he said, "I already found a <span class="interior space">room</span>." " </sentence><sentence id="1197">Ok." </sentence><sentence id="1198">So I went back, and I told Danuta (ph) and Joe how it is. </sentence><sentence id="1199">She said, "I will not go back." </sentence><sentence id="1200">And Joe also told, "I will not go back for a death there. </sentence><sentence id="1201">There, there is only death, nothing more. </sentence><sentence id="1202">But what is doing this Henick (ph)?" </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1264">Q: Let's hold it a minute please. </sentence><sentence id="1265">We need to change the tape. </sentence><sentence id="1266">Let them do that and -- </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1270">A: Ok. </sentence><sentence id="1271">End of Tape #1 Tape #2 </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1274">Q: Ok, we are now back there. </sentence><sentence id="1275">You started talking about Henick (ph), is that his name? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1278">A: Yes. </sentence><sentence id="1279">Oh, I did not finish about the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, yes. </sentence><sentence id="1280">So that night came back, and I told that Henick (ph) is back in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> and everything is all right there. </sentence><sentence id="1281">And they said they will not go back. </sentence><sentence id="1282">But after noon, came some men knocking to the <span class="dlf">door</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1283">And I asked who. </sentence><sentence id="1284">He said, "Friend." " </sentence><sentence id="1285">What a friend?" </sentence><sentence id="1286">I didn't know this voice. </sentence><sentence id="1287">So I opened the <span class="dlf">door</span>; and this man pushed the <span class="dlf">door</span> and he came into the <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1288">And that's good that Joe, in time, jumped under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1289">But <span class="populated place">Danuta</span> (ph) was -- wasn't. </sentence><sentence id="1290">And he came this man, and he pointed out on <span class="populated place">Danuta</span> (ph).And he said, "Oh, this is the girl. </sentence><sentence id="1291">This is the Jewish girl from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1292">And I was surprised and I thought, "Oh, that is...." Because I heard that the Germans had a lot of spies. </sentence><sentence id="1293">There are spies. </sentence><sentence id="1294">They were around. </sentence><sentence id="1295">And spies. </sentence><sentence id="1296">So I thought that is probably German spy. </sentence><sentence id="1297">And he knew her and he came; and now probably he will kill me and Danuta (ph), and Helena, too. </sentence><sentence id="1298">And he -- this man said, "Yes, that is the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, <span class="populated place">Jewish ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1299">She run away from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1300">And you fiance, Henick (ph), he told me that you have to come back to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1301">He begged me that I will come here and I will bring you back to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1302">And you see, when I heard that I was really angry. </sentence><sentence id="1303">I said, "What a miserable thing!" </sentence><sentence id="1304">How could he send someone that I don't know? </sentence><sentence id="1305">Who is he to send and tell her -- him my name, my address? </sentence><sentence id="1306">And he told who was the girl, that she is the Jewish girl and she is in my <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1307">I was angry. </sentence><sentence id="1308">But Danuta (ph) said, "I will not go back to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1309">He said, "Oh, girl, you have to go. </sentence><sentence id="1310">You are a Jew, and your fiance said that I have to bring you back." </sentence><sentence id="1311">So I said later, and he doesn't, he, he said that Henick (ph) will not pay him until he will bring her back. </sentence><sentence id="1312">So I said, "I will bring her back to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> if she will not go with you. </sentence><sentence id="1313">So you will be sure he will pay you." </sentence><sentence id="1314">He said, "Ok, I will leave you here during the day." </sentence><sentence id="1315">And he said to me, "But you have to bring her back." </sentence><sentence id="1316">And she signed her signature and word that Henick (ph), Josef's -- her fiance, Josef's brothers, he have to pay this man and she will return back to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1317">And the man left. </sentence><sentence id="1318">And I was really angry, and Joe was angry, too. </sentence><sentence id="1319">And <span class="populated place">Danuta</span> (ph). </sentence><sentence id="1320">How could he do that? </sentence><sentence id="1321">But anyway, sometimes that is --. </sentence><sentence id="1322">So in the evening, they said they will go back to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1323">They will not longer risk my life for them. </sentence><sentence id="1324">If the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> still there, they will go back, ok. </sentence><sentence id="1325">I will give them the food what I had, and I dressed them like on the <span class="dlf">street</span> in the evening. </sentence><sentence id="1326">So Danuta (ph), I gave some my dress, some jacket that she will look like a girl, and we took Joe between us. </sentence><sentence id="1327">And we walked and we laugh and we joking sometimes when., </sentence><sentence id="1328">when Germans... I said to her, "Hey, you laugh a little and be joking that this looks like a girl's walk with a man." </sentence><sentence id="1329">And they are smile and joking, and something like that. </sentence><sentence id="1330">And we came around the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1331">Henick (ph) was waiting there. </sentence><sentence id="1332">And I said, "How could you do that?You are skunk. </sentence><sentence id="1333">You couldn't go or come by yourself!" </sentence><sentence id="1334">Because he was too afraid. " </sentence><sentence id="1335">You sent some man that I didn't know him. </sentence><sentence id="1336">Nobody knows him. </sentence><sentence id="1337">And you told him my address, my name!" </sentence><sentence id="1338">He said, "Ah, that is good man." </sentence><sentence id="1339">I said, "You know him?" " </sentence><sentence id="1340">No, but I heard he is a good man." </sentence><sentence id="1341">And Joe was also angry. </sentence><sentence id="1342">And Danuta (ph) said to him, "Listen, Henick (ph), I will scratch you eye or you, you face. </sentence><sentence id="1343">Everything." </sentence><sentence id="1344">She was so angry at him, ok. </sentence><sentence id="1345">We say -- said goodbye, and they went there. </sentence><sentence id="1346">I went <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1347">And every second day, Joe were coming to me. </sentence><sentence id="1348">Sometimes twice a week from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, because they needed food. </sentence><sentence id="1349">Was difficult to get food there. </sentence><sentence id="1350">And I -- and he brought sometimes skirt, sometimes glove, sometimes dress. </sentence><sentence id="1351">I ran to the, to the <span class="building">market</span>, and I exchanged for the food and I gave them. </sentence><sentence id="1352">Later one day, he came, and came friends -- one boy from work -- and Joe jumped under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span> and then he came from under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1353">He got ide maybe I will find a bigger <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, that I will take them from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> to hide them. </sentence><sentence id="1354">I said, "Where did you get this idea? </sentence><sentence id="1355">Under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>?" </sentence><sentence id="1356">He said, "Yes." </sentence><sentence id="1357">I said, "Go back under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>." " </sentence><sentence id="1358">And to think about something else if you are thinking under the <span class="spatial object">bed</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1359">So go back and think." </sentence><sentence id="1360">He laughed. </sentence><sentence id="1361">I said, "Reverse your thinking." </sentence><sentence id="1362">He said, "Ok, I am going back." </sentence><sentence id="1363">And you see, exactly this time, a girl was knocked on -- to the <span class="dlf">door</span>; and again came the same neighbors. </sentence><sentence id="1364">And we talk a little, and she ask, "That this friend, this friend, she had abortion? </sentence><sentence id="1365">She, she made miscarriage?" </sentence><sentence id="1366">I said, "Yes, you, you advice was wonderful. </sentence><sentence id="1367">Wonderful." </sentence><sentence id="1368">She said, "If you need it, do the same." </sentence><sentence id="1369">So all the time, twice a week, Joe was coming to me and still drilling a little to find <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, to find <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1370">And one day, he came and he said in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> his brother was ill. </sentence><sentence id="1371">He got the typhus. </sentence><sentence id="1372">And his friend and they needed more food and better food -- like a milk, like a butter, a little cheese. </sentence><sentence id="1373">And again I have to run on the <span class="dlf">street</span> or sometimes go on the <span class="populated place">village</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1374">Sometimes I walked thirty miles on the <span class="populated place">village</span>, because I knew there someone to exchange some dresses and bring the food to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1375">So one day he said maybe I will ask this -- my neighbor, this Mary who lived on the first <span class="interior space">floor</span> -- she was a good friend -- maybe we together we will find some <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, and we will take him, his brother, and his friend from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> because they, they heard the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> will be finished. </sentence><sentence id="1376">They will take all Jews to the <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>, or to kill. </sentence><sentence id="1377">I don't know what -- will be no more <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1378">So they wanted to run away from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1379">Maybe together with friend, we will take some <span class="interior space">apartment</span> and we will take few Jews from him and other. </sentence><sentence id="1380">So I invite friend of mine, this Mary, and I told her. </sentence><sentence id="1381">And I said, "Listen, Mary. </sentence><sentence id="1382">You see the Jews are killing and taken to <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1383">Maybe we will help few of them. </sentence><sentence id="1384">Maybe we will find bigger <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, and we will take few Jews - - these friends, some. </sentence><sentence id="1385">You have also friends, some friends, Jewish friends. </sentence><sentence id="1386">So we will maybe help them." " </sentence><sentence id="1387">You know," she said to me, "Stefusia," she said, "I am 21. </sentence><sentence id="1388">You are 17, probably. </sentence><sentence id="1389">You know Gestapo law. </sentence><sentence id="1390">We saw on the on the <span class="dlf">street</span> there was the posters that was that sign by Gestapo: "who will help the Jews will be punished by death."" </sentence><sentence id="1391">And was posters also on the same, on our <span class="building">building</span> also, the same poster sign by Gestapo. </sentence><sentence id="1392">She said, "You read that. </sentence><sentence id="1393">If you forget, go read again. </sentence><sentence id="1394">That is maybe one percentage on the million that we can help and be alive. </sentence><sentence id="1395">But this million, one million, that we can be dead." </sentence><sentence id="1396">And she said to me, "I am too young to go to the <span class="dlf">grave</span> for a Jew. </sentence><sentence id="1397">If you want it, that is your life. </sentence><sentence id="1398">If you wanted to be killed, to go to the <span class="dlf">grave</span> in your young age, you can go. </sentence><sentence id="1399">That is your choice." </sentence><sentence id="1400">But she said, "I don't like to be dead. </sentence><sentence id="1401">And I am too young to be buried." </sentence><sentence id="1402">And she said, "No, I am sorry. </sentence><sentence id="1403">I will not help you. </sentence><sentence id="1404">I will not take Jews and help, because that is death." </sentence><sentence id="1405">And I said, "Ok, Mary. </sentence><sentence id="1406">If you don't like, maybe I will not take also." </sentence><sentence id="1407">And I told her, "Mary, please don't tell -- don't mention to nobody." </sentence><sentence id="1408">She said, "Don't worry. </sentence><sentence id="1409">I already got amnesia. </sentence><sentence id="1410">I already forget everything. </sentence><sentence id="1411">Don't worry. </sentence><sentence id="1412">Everything gone from my head and my mind." </sentence><sentence id="1413">And ok. </sentence><sentence id="1414">So Joe came in the evening. </sentence><sentence id="1415">I told him how Mary refused. </sentence><sentence id="1416">He said, "Well, ok." </sentence><sentence id="1417">I said, "Well, maybe I will take by myself. </sentence><sentence id="1418">I will look for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1419">And I looked. </sentence><sentence id="1420">I didn't know really where to go. </sentence><sentence id="1421">But I look. </sentence><sentence id="1422">And Joe advised me to go there, where was mostly <span class="dlf">Jewish street</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1423">And now was empty. </sentence><sentence id="1424">That. </sentence><sentence id="1425">Go there. </sentence><sentence id="1426">Maybe there you will find <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, ok. </sentence><sentence id="1427">I went there. </sentence><sentence id="1428">Was really empty, whole <span class="dlf">street</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1429">But was every <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, I running up and down. </sentence><sentence id="1430">Was no <span class="interior space">floor</span>, was no <span class="dlf">doors</span>, was no <span class="dlf">windows</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1431">No nothing. </sentence><sentence id="1432">So I thought, "Well, <span class="interior space">floors</span> is not necessary. </sentence><sentence id="1433">But <span class="dlf">doors</span> and <span class="dlf">windows</span>, that is necessary!" </sentence><sentence id="1434">Then I looked -- oh, sorry, then I looked around. </sentence><sentence id="1435">If I will find some <span class="interior space">apartment</span> there, I will take in these people where I will hide him, them. </sentence><sentence id="1436">But was not <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, was nothing. </sentence><sentence id="1437">I thought, "Maybe from another <span class="building">building</span> I will take some <span class="dlf">windows</span>, some <span class="dlf">doors</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1438">But was no-- nothing. </sentence><sentence id="1439">You see, I went out and I stood on the <span class="dlf">street</span> and I thought, "Where to go now?" </sentence><sentence id="1440">I didn't know where to go. </sentence><sentence id="1441">Empty. </sentence><sentence id="1442">And I was frightening a little, so ghostly. </sentence><sentence id="1443">You were laughing, really, but I heard a voice. </sentence><sentence id="1444">I heard a voice. </sentence><sentence id="1445">When I stood and thinking, and I asked, "Dear God, where I supposed to go now to look for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>? </sentence><sentence id="1446">Where?" </sentence><sentence id="1447">I looked around, and was a little scared because was nobody there. </sentence><sentence id="1448">And then I heard the voice. </sentence><sentence id="1449">Some voice told me, "Don't be afraid, and go a little farther there. </sentence><sentence id="1450">After this corner, there is standing two women, women who clean the <span class="dlf">street</span>, and they are supporting on the <span class="spatial object">brooms</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1451">And ask them for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1452">They will tell you." </sentence><sentence id="1453">So I was listening; and then I said, "Well, what is with ordinary women who clean the <span class="dlf">street</span>? </sentence><sentence id="1454">What they will know about <span class="interior space">apartment</span>?" </sentence><sentence id="1455">And this voice said to me, "Go and ask. </sentence><sentence id="1456">They will know. </sentence><sentence id="1457">They will tell you." </sentence><sentence id="1458">So I still thought, "Well, what they will know?" </sentence><sentence id="1459">And this voice again told me, "Go. </sentence><sentence id="1460">Please go." </sentence><sentence id="1461">And I felt like a little pushed, and said, "Go and ask, and ask for a janitor there." </sentence><sentence id="1462">And I said, "All right, all right. </sentence><sentence id="1463">What I can lose?" </sentence><sentence id="1464">And I am going exactly this way, like this voice told me. </sentence><sentence id="1465">And aft-- after the <span class="dlf">corner</span>, and I saw two women, and they are, they were talking together and supporting on the <span class="spatial object">brooms</span>, ok. </sentence><sentence id="1466">I approached them. </sentence><sentence id="1467">And I asked, "Ladies, maybe you know some <span class="interior space">apartment</span>? </sentence><sentence id="1468">I am looking for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1469">And there's nothing here. </sentence><sentence id="1470">I looked here, but there's nothing. </sentence><sentence id="1471">Maybe you familiar with this <span class="region">area</span> or something?" </sentence><sentence id="1472">They said, "All right. </sentence><sentence id="1473">We know <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1474">And one of them, she said, "Oh, is <span class="interior space">apartment</span> empty. </sentence><sentence id="1475"><span class="populated place">Tatarska</span> (ph) 3. </sentence><sentence id="1476">You go this way, <span class="dlf">Tatarska (ph) 3</span> -- that is little small <span class="building">cottage</span>, one family. </sentence><sentence id="1477">And over there is woman janitor, and you ask for this woman janitor, and she will show you this <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1478">Is nice, nice <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1479">And go, and they show me the way. </sentence><sentence id="1480">And they said, "<span class="dlf">Tatarska (ph) 3</span>, go that way and ask for this <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1481">And janitor is there, woman. </sentence><sentence id="1482">She will tell you." </sentence><sentence id="1483">I thanked them, and I went there. </sentence><sentence id="1484">And I went to this janitor; and I told her, asked her for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1485">She said, "Ok." </sentence><sentence id="1486">There across is <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1487">And she said, "Ok, I will take the keys. </sentence><sentence id="1488">I will show you." </sentence><sentence id="1489">And she opened the <span class="dlf">door</span> and I went inside. </sentence><sentence id="1490">It's really -- it's two <span class="interior space">rooms</span>, something wrong. </sentence><sentence id="1491">It's two <span class="interior space">rooms</span> and a <span class="interior space">kitchen</span>, separate <span class="interior space">attic</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1492">It's very nice. </sentence><sentence id="1493">I looked around. </sentence><sentence id="1494">She said, "Well, only bad thing is here is no running <span class="env feature">water</span> inside. </sentence><sentence id="1495">There's no electricity. </sentence><sentence id="1496"><span class="interior space">Toilet</span> is outside. </sentence><sentence id="1497">It's primitive. </sentence><sentence id="1498">But is nice." </sentence><sentence id="1499">And she asked me, "How many people is?" " </sentence><sentence id="1500">I have," I said, "By myself and my sister." </sentence><sentence id="1501">She said, "Oh, that is big <span class="interior space">apartment</span> for you. </sentence><sentence id="1502">You not have to have electricity. </sentence><sentence id="1503">You can have a candle, or...or kerosene la...lamp. </sentence><sentence id="1504">And to go to the <span class="spatial object">toilet</span>, you not have to use at night. </sentence><sentence id="1505">It's enough daytime." " </sentence><sentence id="1506">Ok," I said. </sentence><sentence id="1507">And she told me where to go to...to reach man that he will give me application and everything. </sentence><sentence id="1508">And he is, he takes care of everything around these <span class="building">apartments</span>, all <span class="building">apartments</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1509">All right. </sentence><sentence id="1510">So I came <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1511">In the evening, Joe came; and I told him that I saw <span class="interior space">apartment</span> and I told him, "Primitive, very primitive." </sentence><sentence id="1512">He said, "Ok, that may be better." </sentence><sentence id="1513">And in the evening he dressed like.... He said, "I have to see that <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1514">And he told me, "You will tell that Iam your brother. </sentence><sentence id="1515">I have to see this <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." " </sentence><sentence id="1516">Ok." </sentence><sentence id="1517">He make artificial mustache and make up a little and everything; and evening, we run there. </sentence><sentence id="1518">And I went to the janitor, and I said, "That is my brother. </sentence><sentence id="1519">He wanted to see <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1520">And she gave me the keys. </sentence><sentence id="1521">And I went, opened, and he looks around and he said, "That is perfect." </sentence><sentence id="1522">And he looked at <span class="interior space">attic</span>, and he said, "That will be very nice." </sentence><sentence id="1523">And I said, "That is like a dream for this deadly <span class="building">business</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1524">So I told the janitor that I will take this <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1525">And...but that was evening. </sentence><sentence id="1526">She said, "Ok, tomorrow morning you can go to this and this man, and he will give you application and everything." </sentence><sentence id="1527">Ok. </sentence><sentence id="1528">In the morning, in this same evening, Joe went back to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1529">In the morning, I didn't went to work so I ran to, to this man. </sentence><sentence id="1530">He sent me to the <span class="interior space">building apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1531">He gave me, "Here's recommendation." </sentence><sentence id="1532">And I went to the <span class="interior space">building apartment</span>; and they gave me application and I went back, I came <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1533">I filled up everything, and I went back there. </sentence><sentence id="1534">And the secretary were there, there was a lot of people for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, but secretary is woman, very fine. </sentence><sentence id="1535">She saw me and she heard: "You are back!" </sentence><sentence id="1536">I said, "Yes. </sentence><sentence id="1537">I have everything all ready." </sentence><sentence id="1538">And she took it from me; and she said, "In four days, come back. </sentence><sentence id="1539">I think we be ready." </sentence><sentence id="1540">I said, "Really, you will take care of it?" </sentence><sentence id="1541">She said, "Yes." </sentence><sentence id="1542">And ok. </sentence><sentence id="1543">In four day, after four days, I came, and she saw me and she yelled to me, "I have for you. </sentence><sentence id="1544">I have, I have." </sentence><sentence id="1545">So I came, and she gave me and I kissed her. </sentence><sentence id="1546">She said, "Yes, now you have a bigger <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1547">Not just a <span class="building">studio</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1548">And I kissed her and man who stood on the <span class="dlf">line</span> for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, too. </sentence><sentence id="1549">And he -- she -- he told, "Maybe...." To the secretary, "Maybe...maybe I will kiss you. </sentence><sentence id="1550">Maybe you will give me <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, also." </sentence><sentence id="1551">She said, "No, this girl was before you a few days." </sentence><sentence id="1552">So -- and then I had this license my. </sentence><sentence id="1553">And in the evening -- and I ran directly to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, and I told Joe that I have already <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1554">And he start to organize there people and everything, a little money. </sentence><sentence id="1555">And little by little, I -- first of all, I moved with my sister there. </sentence><sentence id="1556">And my sister, when she saw two <span class="interior space">rooms</span> and a <span class="interior space">kitchen</span> separate. </sentence><sentence id="1557">Oh, she, she lied on the <span class="interior space">floor</span> and she, she rolled. </sentence><sentence id="1558">And she said, "So big place!" </sentence><sentence id="1559">And we moved right away to this bigger <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1560">And she was happy. </sentence><sentence id="1561">And then start to -- first Joe and another man also with father, first when was everything ready. </sentence><sentence id="1562">So from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> they came. </sentence><sentence id="1563">I went six o'clock, before six o'clock, under the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1564">They were ready there. </sentence><sentence id="1565">And then we met in some place -- not under the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, a little farther -- and they were dressed like a workers, and they kept the hands like some can with coffee or something like that. </sentence><sentence id="1566">And they are going to the work. </sentence><sentence id="1567">And I brought them <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1568">And two by two, with time, they came. </sentence><sentence id="1569">And I had already seven people. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="1864">Q: Who were the seven? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="1866">A: Third came Joe with this man other, his friend -- Zenek his name. </sentence><sentence id="1867">Then came girl from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1868">She is in <span class="populated place">Brussels</span> now. </sentence><sentence id="1869">Then came another man with his friend. </sentence><sentence id="1870">Then came this two father -- men from -- father from this man who came with Joe first time and father this girl who was already in my <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1871">You see what happen? </sentence><sentence id="1872">Also little tragic, but a comedy. </sentence><sentence id="1873">When these two father were prepared to come, I came to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> and they arrange with the Jewish postman that they will take them from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> as a <span class="building">post office</span> man. </sentence><sentence id="1874">That nobody will control them. </sentence><sentence id="1875">Because postman from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> every day comes out of the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> to the <span class="populated place">city</span> to take mail, and comes and brings to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1876">So they make arrangement with the <span class="building">postman</span> to take them as his helpers, to take them out from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1877">But they paid him to take them out of the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1878">But somehow -- I don't know if this man or other some, they denounce them to the German police. </sentence><sentence id="1879">And what happened, I said, "What happened?" </sentence><sentence id="1880">These men, they took them from the -- by <span class="spatial object">mail</span>, <span class="spatial object">wagon mail</span>, from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1881">And he knew the <span class="populated place">city</span> of <span class="populated place">Przemysl</span> very well, this man. </sentence><sentence id="1882">Every day he was going from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> to the, to the <span class="building">mail box</span>, and that time that day he forgot the way. </sentence><sentence id="1883">And he was surrounding three times around the <span class="populated place">city</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1884">He couldn't go straight to the <span class="building">mail box</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1885">He forgot! </sentence><sentence id="1886">But what happened, I saw, we were waiting for them, for these two father. </sentence><sentence id="1887">The policemen are waiting on the -- our <span class="dlf">street</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1888">Was two, two Polish policemen, and two German policemen. </sentence><sentence id="1889">And they were walking up and down, up and down. </sentence><sentence id="1890">Exactly at <span class="populated place">Tatarska</span> (ph) 3.Up and down. </sentence><sentence id="1891">I was a little angry. </sentence><sentence id="1892">So we wait. </sentence><sentence id="1893">Past one hour, two hour. </sentence><sentence id="1894">They didn't come. </sentence><sentence id="1895">So I talk. </sentence><sentence id="1896">I said to Joe, "I will go out." </sentence><sentence id="1897">He said, "No, don't go out. </sentence><sentence id="1898">If you will go out, exactly this father can come here. </sentence><sentence id="1899">So who will open the <span class="dlf">door</span>?" </sentence><sentence id="1900">I said, "No, I have to go out. </sentence><sentence id="1901">I have to something, some -- take some walks." </sentence><sentence id="1902">And I am passing this policeman. </sentence><sentence id="1903">And I said, "Good day!" </sentence><sentence id="1904">And I said, "Oh, I surprised that you are here. </sentence><sentence id="1905">What happened here? </sentence><sentence id="1906">Somebody was killed, or something like that?" </sentence><sentence id="1907">They said, "No, something, something maybe will be." </sentence><sentence id="1908">I said, "Well, maybe you protecting us. </sentence><sentence id="1909">Maybe we'll be -- we're landing here Hitler and Stalin, and we'll fight here. </sentence><sentence id="1910">That you are here, maybe you will protect us." </sentence><sentence id="1911">They said, "Well, if they will come here and fight, we will maybe help you to kill them both and will be war over." </sentence><sentence id="1912">And we laughed together, really. </sentence><sentence id="1913">And I wanted to pass them, and they wanted also to talk. </sentence><sentence id="1914">And they said, "Well, miss. </sentence><sentence id="1915">Talk a little!" </sentence><sentence id="1916">I said, "No, I have to go some place. </sentence><sentence id="1917">At least if you will tell me why you are standing here..." And passing exactly German policeman, and he asked something then and they told them something. </sentence><sentence id="1918">I don't know what. </sentence><sentence id="1919">I was not interesting. </sentence><sentence id="1920">And they pass, and they walk up and down. </sentence><sentence id="1921">And I said, "If you will tell me why you are standing here, I will talk to you. </sentence><sentence id="1922">If no, bye." </sentence><sentence id="1923">So came another policeman, and he said, "Well, of course, we can tell you. </sentence><sentence id="1924">Why not?" </sentence><sentence id="1925">And they said, "German policeman -- police received yesterday a note, a <span class="spatial object">telephone</span>, that today will leave <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> some two rich Jews. </sentence><sentence id="1926">And they order us to, to catch them. </sentence><sentence id="1927">And you see, these two German policemen, they watch -- are watching us, too. </sentence><sentence id="1928">They don't believe us. </sentence><sentence id="1929">They watching us. </sentence><sentence id="1930">We watching them. </sentence><sentence id="1931">And we all watching for these two Jews. </sentence><sentence id="1932">Two rich Jews. </sentence><sentence id="1933">Probably German wanted to have also their money, or something like that." </sentence><sentence id="1934">You see, when I heard that, and I was inspected -- expected - - these two fathers, my heart fell down to the heels. </sentence><sentence id="1935">And I said, "Oh, God, what will be today? </sentence><sentence id="1936">Will, will I, will I be killed today or no? </sentence><sentence id="1937">What will happen today?" </sentence><sentence id="1938">You see, and I went -- I said, "Well, thank you." </sentence><sentence id="1939">And I said, "I don't think if some Jews will risk their life to go out of the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1940">They know they will be killed if they will leave <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1941">I don't know if they will risk their life." </sentence><sentence id="1942">Policeman said, "Well, I don't know. </sentence><sentence id="1943">I think also this same way, but we received the note that we have to watch. </sentence><sentence id="1944">So..." And I asked, "But why you standing exactly here, <span class="dlf">Tatarska (ph) 3</span>?" " </sentence><sentence id="1945">Because," he said, "they don't know which number they will come. </sentence><sentence id="1946">But some -- someplace between 5 in | -- and 1. </sentence><sentence id="1947">So we stand here, 3. </sentence><sentence id="1948">We observe for 1, 2 and 4, 5. </sentence><sentence id="1949">And we have good view, so we observe. </sentence><sentence id="1950">And that is in the middle, 3." </sentence><sentence id="1951">I said, "Oh." </sentence><sentence id="1952">I thought, "Dear God, they had the right number." </sentence><sentence id="1953">And I said, "Ok, thank you." </sentence><sentence id="1954">And I said, "I don't think that they will come, that they will risk their lives to come." </sentence><sentence id="1955">And I went a little farther. </sentence><sentence id="1956">That was a <span class="building">church</span>, and I went to this <span class="building">church</span>, and I prayed and I asked God to take somehow this Germans and this other policeman from here, that these two fathers will be not caught here. </sentence><sentence id="1957">I prayed and I really asked God to help, to take out somehow these policemen. </sentence><sentence id="1958">And I -- ok, and then I came <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1959">Still was nobody. </sentence><sentence id="1960">And sadly, this one, the Zenek one, the fathers -- the son of one of these fathers, he stand at the <span class="dlf">window</span> a little farther and nobody can see him. </sentence><sentence id="1961">And he observed. </sentence><sentence id="1962">And exactly that time the policemen went up. </sentence><sentence id="1963">All of them. </sentence><sentence id="1964">And they talked, and came one father. </sentence><sentence id="1965">This girl's father. </sentence><sentence id="1966">And he came on the <span class="interior space">back yard</span>, and he didn't know where to go. </sentence><sentence id="1967">And he met the janitor, the woman, and he asked but -- before we talked together with this man if he will met someone that he will tell that he is from work, because that time I will not go to work, that he will a little angry at me why I didn't come to work. </sentence><sentence id="1968">That he is from work. </sentence><sentence id="1969">And he came, and he asked the janitor and why I didn't come to work. </sentence><sentence id="1970">And he was angry a little, and janitor said, "Well, she is a good girl. </sentence><sentence id="1971">She lives here, but she is a good girl. </sentence><sentence id="1972">She's work very hard, and she has a, a little sister. </sentence><sentence id="1973">So she have to take care of little sister. </sentence><sentence id="1974">Don't be bad to her. </sentence><sentence id="1975">She is a good girl." </sentence><sentence id="1976">And she show him where I am living. </sentence><sentence id="1977">And I opened the <span class="dlf">door</span>, and I said, "Oh," what his name was, this mister who was in the in the <span class="building">factory</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1978">I said, "I am sorry I didn't come to <span class="building">work</span> today, but I had a pain in my knee. </sentence><sentence id="1979">I am so sorry. </sentence><sentence id="1980">But I will be afternoon, for sure, tomorrow." </sentence><sentence id="1981">And he said, "You miserable girl! </sentence><sentence id="1982">You didn't come to work today." </sentence><sentence id="1983">And I closed the <span class="dlf">door</span>, and -- ok. </sentence><sentence id="1984">And I asked him, "Where is the other father?" </sentence><sentence id="1985">The, the Hirsch (ph) is the -- name of Hirsch (ph). </sentence><sentence id="1986">He said, "I don't know. </sentence><sentence id="1987">This man, he, he was lost, the mail man. </sentence><sentence id="1988">And he -- three times around and around the <span class="populated place">city</span>, and he lost his way." </sentence><sentence id="1989">And he said, "He put us out of his <span class="spatial object">carriage</span>. </sentence><sentence id="1990">And I lost the, the, the Hirsch (ph), the <span class="spatial object">Schilinger</span>." </sentence><sentence id="1991">And I thought they, all my people were a little nervous. </sentence><sentence id="1992">And after few minutes the son, who was watching, and he said, "Oh, it's my father! </sentence><sentence id="1993">It's my father!" </sentence><sentence id="1994">And here came the other father. </sentence><sentence id="1995">He came. </sentence><sentence id="1996">And he did -- the Zenek came, "Oh, Miss Fusia! </sentence><sentence id="1997">Miss Fusia, my father!" </sentence><sentence id="1998">And he tooked me and he lifted me up. </sentence><sentence id="1999">And he said, "Go out. </sentence><sentence id="2000">Bring my father. </sentence><sentence id="2001">Go out. </sentence><sentence id="2002">Meet my father." </sentence><sentence id="2003">And I opened the <span class="dlf">door</span>, and I asked, "Oh, you again? </sentence><sentence id="2004">Also from the work?" </sentence><sentence id="2005">And I took him <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2006">And my feeling...he came <span class="building">home</span>, and he said, "Oh, God, we are discovered!We are discovered. </sentence><sentence id="2007">Look, Gestapo will be here. </sentence><sentence id="2008">We are discovered." </sentence><sentence id="2009">And he start to running from one <span class="dlf">corner</span> to the other. " </sentence><sentence id="2010">We are discovered!" " </sentence><sentence id="2011">What happened?" </sentence><sentence id="2012">I said, "Mr. Hirsch (ph), what happened?" " </sentence><sentence id="2013">Be quiet." " </sentence><sentence id="2014">What happened?" " </sentence><sentence id="2015"><span class="building">Gestapo</span> will be here. </sentence><sentence id="2016">We are all killed. </sentence><sentence id="2017">We are all killed." </sentence><sentence id="2018">And I said, "Quiet! </sentence><sentence id="2019">What happened?" </sentence><sentence id="2020">And he said, "Story -- what, what happened?" </sentence><sentence id="2021">And that he said, "I lost Schilinger, this foreman. </sentence><sentence id="2022">I lost him." </sentence><sentence id="2023">And then he said, "I went here to this <span class="dlf">Tatarska (ph) 3</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2024">And exactly a few <span class="dlf">doors</span> before, one man caught me and put me to the inside to the <span class="building">building</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2025">And he said to me, "I know you are a Jew and I know you are going to hide here "til some Polish people." </sentence><sentence id="2026">Said, "But I needed money. </sentence><sentence id="2027">Give me some money. </sentence><sentence id="2028">I know you are rich. </sentence><sentence id="2029">Your people know that you will come here." </sentence><sentence id="2030">And this father, he was prepared for that. </sentence><sentence id="2031">And he had ten thousand zlotys* in the <span class="interior space">pocket</span>, and he -- [TECHNICAL PROBLEM] Oh, yes, and he said he gave him this, this 10,000 zlotys. </sentence><sentence id="2032">And he asked, "May I go now?" </sentence><sentence id="2033">This man said, looked out and he said exactly the German policemen was crossing, walking. </sentence><sentence id="2034">He took him back and he said, "No, you cannot go now." </sentence><sentence id="2035">He said to him, "I am a thief, but I am not killer." </sentence><sentence id="2036">He said, "I got what I wanted. </sentence><sentence id="2037">I don't like -- I don't want you life. </sentence><sentence id="2038">So go to this family. </sentence><sentence id="2039">I know you are going to be hide some Catholic family, whoever they are. </sentence><sentence id="2040">And good luck. </sentence><sentence id="2041">Maybe after war we will meet." </sentence><sentence id="2042">And he again went out. </sentence><sentence id="2043">He looked that policemen were out, higher a little. </sentence><sentence id="2044">He said, "Now it is all right. </sentence><sentence id="2045">Go." </sentence><sentence id="2046">And he let him go, then. </sentence><sentence id="2047">Because he * Polish monetary unit (Polish). </sentence><sentence id="2048"> was angry when he came. </sentence><sentence id="2049">He had -- he said, "We are discovered. </sentence><sentence id="2050">We are discovered. </sentence><sentence id="2051"><span class="building">Gestapo</span> will be here. </sentence><sentence id="2052">Gestapo will be here." " </sentence><sentence id="2053">We quiet him," I said. " </sentence><sentence id="2054">Maybe we will be not Gestapo. </sentence><sentence id="2055">Quiet!" </sentence><sentence id="2056">But anyway, I was afraid because that is some, some man; we didn't know who. </sentence><sentence id="2057">Maybe he observed where, where he were going. </sentence><sentence id="2058">But everything was all right. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="2256">Q: How did you get the other four people? </sentence><sentence id="2257">You have a total of 13? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="2260">A: The other, yes. </sentence><sentence id="2261">You see, one day came to me two, really, some street boys. </sentence><sentence id="2262">And they brought me a letter. </sentence><sentence id="2263">They gave me a letter, and they said some woman gave them from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2264">And she paid them to, to deliver this letter to me. </sentence><sentence id="2265">I start to read, and I see some woman named Zimmerman (ph)n (ph). </sentence><sentence id="2266">I don't know who is she. </sentence><sentence id="2267">I said, "I don't know who is she." </sentence><sentence id="2268">And they said they required my signature to, to, to give her back, that she will pay them. </sentence><sentence id="2269">And she will have proof that they delivered me this letter. </sentence><sentence id="2270">I said, "I don't know. </sentence><sentence id="2271">I don't know her." </sentence><sentence id="2272">But anyway, I went to my people and I asked them. </sentence><sentence id="2273">And they said, "Ok, give them your signature." </sentence><sentence id="2274">And this woman asked me to come there to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, and she said in this letter that she knows that I will take Jews, and she knows that I have a few. </sentence><sentence id="2275">And she mentioned the names the people and, and she said that I had to take her and her two children. </sentence><sentence id="2276">If no, she will denounce me to Gestapo. </sentence><sentence id="2277">I a little was upset. </sentence><sentence id="2278">But I gave my signature, and I said, "Go back. </sentence><sentence id="2279">I don't know who is the woman." </sentence><sentence id="2280">And we discussed among this people, my people, and they said they don't know who is she. </sentence><sentence id="2281">Next day these same boys came. </sentence><sentence id="2282">And Joe's brother was still in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, still was there, and his fiancee. </sentence><sentence id="2283">And these boys came, and I read this letter again. </sentence><sentence id="2284">And again this same question, blackmail, to take her and her, her children. </sentence><sentence id="2285">If no, she will go to <span class="building">Gestapo</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2286">She knows whom I have already. </sentence><sentence id="2287">So I said, "I gave my signature." </sentence><sentence id="2288">They, the boys, left. </sentence><sentence id="2289">And I told to my people, I said, "I will go. </sentence><sentence id="2290">I will say -- see what she wanted and who is she." </sentence><sentence id="2291">I came there. </sentence><sentence id="2292">I went to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2293">And I met Joe's brother, his fiancee, and they introduced me to, to, to this woman. </sentence><sentence id="2294">And I said to her, "You know, you are miserable. </sentence><sentence id="2295">You know, you are a killer." </sentence><sentence id="2296">I said, "You -- ok, you sent a letter. </sentence><sentence id="2297">You can tell in the letters that you wanted to meet me. </sentence><sentence id="2298">You...you could say that the Henick (ph) is sick, or Danuta (ph) is sick. </sentence><sentence id="2299">That they wanted to see me, and here we can talk. </sentence><sentence id="2300">But in the letter, you, you sent some <span class="dlf">streets</span> boy. </sentence><sentence id="2301">I didn't know who are they. </sentence><sentence id="2302">And you mentioned the people, that I have the Jews, a few Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2303">And you blackmail me, and you said that you will go to <span class="building">Gestapo</span> if, if 1 will not take you." </sentence><sentence id="2304">I said, "Did you have do that? </sentence><sentence id="2305">You are killer!" </sentence><sentence id="2306">I said, "You go, you go to tell, "Come on to visit because Henick (ph) is very, very sick, or Danuta (ph)." </sentence><sentence id="2307">And here we, we could talk. </sentence><sentence id="2308">But not to mention in the letter everything." </sentence><sentence id="2309">She start to cry, and she start to kiss my knee. </sentence><sentence id="2310">And she said, "I don't know how to behave. </sentence><sentence id="2311">I tho-- I thought that is the best way. </sentence><sentence id="2312">But I wanted to be alive. </sentence><sentence id="2313">I wanted to save my children. </sentence><sentence id="2314">I wanted to be alive to hear that this is dead, not, not nothing more." </sentence><sentence id="2315"> And she started to, to embrace -- kiss me, and my hand. </sentence><sentence id="2316">And she said, "Please, I beg you. </sentence><sentence id="2317">I beg you. </sentence><sentence id="2318">I wanted to save my children. </sentence><sentence id="2319">I don't want to die, and my children." </sentence><sentence id="2320">I said, "That was a very bad way, very low quality way." </sentence><sentence id="2321">She said, "But I didn't know another way." </sentence><sentence id="2322">So I said, "Ok, if 1 have so many people, three more people makes no difference for me. </sentence><sentence id="2323">If they will kill me, they will kill once. </sentence><sentence id="2324">Not many times. </sentence><sentence id="2325">Not for every Jew kill. </sentence><sentence id="2326">Just one death." </sentence><sentence id="2327">So we make arrangement; and first, two days later, I took her children, girl and boy. </sentence><sentence id="2328">Boy was maybe eight, eight years maybe, maybe seven. </sentence><sentence id="2329">I don't remember exactly. </sentence><sentence id="2330">Daughter was 15. </sentence><sentence id="2331">So I brought them. </sentence><sentence id="2332">Then she came. </sentence><sentence id="2333">Then came Joe's brother and his fiancee. </sentence><sentence id="2334">Also was trouble with him. </sentence><sentence id="2335">He didn't want to leave the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>, because was very quiet there at that time. </sentence><sentence id="2336">And he said, ""Why I supposed to sit in, in the <span class="interior space">bunker</span> and be closed?Here I have <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2337">I have fresh <span class="env feature">air</span> and I have food." </sentence><sentence id="2338">Because he had the money to -- and he bought the food. </sentence><sentence id="2339">Sometimes I brought the food, and was everything all right. </sentence><sentence id="2340">So I said, "That will be not too long." </sentence><sentence id="2341">And one day I heard on the <span class="dlf">street</span> that <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> will be finished. </sentence><sentence id="2342">Will be end of the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2343">And they, you know, during the war my ears were very long. </sentence><sentence id="2344">My eyes were very wide. </sentence><sentence id="2345">So I heard what people were telling, and I came <span class="building">home</span>, and I said to the Joe what I heard on the <span class="dlf">street</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2346">And he was frightened and he said, "Oh, please, <span class="populated place">Fusia</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2347">Go to the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> and tell Henick (ph) that he is supposed to come right away. </sentence><sentence id="2348">He is only one of my brothers, only one left brother. </sentence><sentence id="2349">And you have to bring him here." </sentence><sentence id="2350">I said, "How I can bring him? </sentence><sentence id="2351">I cannot take him under my arms or hands and bring him here if he doesn't like to come." </sentence><sentence id="2352">And he said, "Go!" </sentence><sentence id="2353">And he start to cry, "Go, and bring him here." </sentence><sentence id="2354">I went, and I told Henick (ph) what I heard. </sentence><sentence id="2355">He said, "Oh, if something will be bad, we will hear first. </sentence><sentence id="2356">Not on the <span class="dlf">street</span>, but here. </sentence><sentence id="2357">And the Jews, they have a good spies. </sentence><sentence id="2358">They first know what will be." </sentence><sentence id="2359">I said, "Listen, <span class="populated place">Henick</span> (ph). </sentence><sentence id="2360"><span class="populated place">Ghetto</span> will be not long. </sentence><sentence id="2361">If you will not come today or tomorrow, you will not come to me anymore. </sentence><sentence id="2362">Because you will be not in this <span class="env feature">world</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2363">You will be someplace else in another world. </sentence><sentence id="2364">You will be killed. </sentence><sentence id="2365">And I will not come here anymore. </sentence><sentence id="2366">If you don't like to come, stay. </sentence><sentence id="2367">I will not come. </sentence><sentence id="2368">But you will not, you will not come to me anymore, because you will be already dead." </sentence><sentence id="2369">And I left. </sentence><sentence id="2370">Next day, in the morning, early in the morning, he was dressed a little like a young Wehrsoldat," like a little, some youngsters, German youngsters dressed. </sentence><sentence id="2371">Jackets, like that. </sentence><sentence id="2372">And he was dressed also and early in the morning with his fiancee, Danuta (ph), he came. </sentence><sentence id="2373">He frightened me. </sentence><sentence id="2374">TECHNICAL CONVERSATION End of Tape #2 > Defense Soldier (German). </sentence><sentence id="2375"> Tape #3 </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="2494">Q: Ok, tape's on. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="2496">A: Yes. </sentence><sentence id="2497">And you see, a few days later I heard that in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> is Aktion. </sentence><sentence id="2498">Aktion -- that means they call will be Judenfteid,deg without Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2499">And you know Germans you -- Jew is "Jude." </sentence><sentence id="2500">Be <span class="populated place">Judenfreid</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2501">So they take all Jews to the <span class="populated place">concentration camp</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2502">And ok...is Aktion. </sentence><sentence id="2503">Maybe week or week and a half later, so I worked normally. </sentence><sentence id="2504">I went to work, the <span class="building">factory</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2505">Everything is all right. </sentence><sentence id="2506">Took care of these people, food and everything. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="2518">Q: How? </sentence><sentence id="2519">How did you get them food? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="2522">A: Well, I pretended that my sister and I, to make more money, that we buy food and sell food. </sentence></p><p><sentence id="2523">When sister sometimes brought the bread, one or two. </sentence><sentence id="2524">So to bring <span class="building">home</span>, sometimes neighbors ask. </sentence><sentence id="2525">My sister was prepared for that, because Joe taught her how to say to, to neighbors, to friends. </sentence><sentence id="2526">And she said -- neighbors ask, she said, "Oh, today I didn't sell nothing. </sentence><sentence id="2527">Maybe later I will go, I will sell something. </sentence><sentence id="2528">And I will make money for one bread for us." </sentence><sentence id="2529">Yes. </sentence><sentence id="2530">And you see, that was the story. </sentence><sentence id="2531">And maybe a week, or maybe two weeks later, I came -- I work at night at that time. </sentence><sentence id="2532">In the morning I came <span class="building">home</span>, so my people start to -- Joe and the Zenek -- they start to ask me what I will say if two people more will come to me. </sentence></p><p><sentence id="2533">I said, "What you mean, what I will say? </sentence><sentence id="2534">There is no more <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2535">No more Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2536">How they will come? </sentence><sentence id="2537">From where? </sentence><sentence id="2538">From the other side of the war?" </sentence><sentence id="2539">They said, "Well, what -- how you will behave? </sentence><sentence id="2540">What you will say?" </sentence></p><p><sentence id="2541"> I said nothing. </sentence><sentence id="2542">What I can say? </sentence><sentence id="2543">I know they cannot come. " </sentence><sentence id="2544">But if..." I said, "...all right, if they will come they will stay with you. </sentence><sentence id="2545">That's all." </sentence><sentence id="2546">And they said, "You know, yesterday in the evening, when you left, came two people more. </sentence><sentence id="2547">One couple. </sentence><sentence id="2548">They were married not long ago, and they came." </sentence><sentence id="2549">I said, "Ok." </sentence><sentence id="2550">And they ca-- and they introduced me. </sentence><sentence id="2551">And they came and they said, "Oh, please. </sentence><sentence id="2552">Don't throw out us, please." </sentence><sentence id="2553">And still kiss my hand. </sentence><sentence id="2554">I said, "All right, all right. </sentence><sentence id="2555">I tell you, they will kill me, if they will kill us all, only once." </sentence><sentence id="2556">So that was 12 people already. </sentence><sentence id="2557">So I said," 12 people, 12 troubles. </sentence><sentence id="2558">Ok. </sentence><sentence id="2559">Will be no more people." </sentence><sentence id="2560">And a few days later, the same story. </sentence><sentence id="2561">I came <span class="building">home</span> from work, the same story. " </sentence><sentence id="2562">What you will say if one man will come more?" </sentence><sentence id="2563">I said, "What you are talking about? </sentence><sentence id="2564">There's no more <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2565">There's no more Jews in the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2566">No more Jews in this, in this <span class="populated place">city</span>." " </sentence><sentence id="2567">But what you will say?" </sentence><sentence id="2568">I said, "The same I will say like before. </sentence><sentence id="2569">If will come, will stay. </sentence><sentence id="2570">Ok! </sentence><sentence id="2571">Come on in!" </sentence><sentence id="2572">In came, and came this man that time, this man. </sentence></p><p><sentence id="2573"> 6 Actually "Judenfrei," meaning "free of Jews" (German). </sentence></p><p><sentence id="2574">"Jew (German). </sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="2575">Q: Hold it close to you and up. </sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="2576">A: And this man came at night -- not at night, before curfew he came. </sentence><sentence id="2577">And they introduced me. </sentence><sentence id="2578">And he said, "Oh, I am sorry really. </sentence><sentence id="2579">But I, I wanted to live. </sentence><sentence id="2580">I don't wanted to die. </sentence><sentence id="2581">So I am so young, and I don't wanted to die." </sentence><sentence id="2582">And I said, "Where you been all this time?" </sentence><sentence id="2583">And this couple and he, they had friends, Catholic friends; and they ran from the <span class="populated place">ghetto</span> through the <span class="dlf">sewer</span> sometime. </sentence><sentence id="2584">Something like that. </sentence><sentence id="2585">And they went to them, to this Catholic family, and they kept them three days. </sentence><sentence id="2586">And they said, "I am sorry. </sentence><sentence id="2587">We cannot keep you any longer, because my family will be dead and we all will be killed." </sentence><sentence id="2588">But they knew my address, these, these Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2589">They knew my address, so they said, "Ok, maybe we will go to this girl." </sentence><sentence id="2590">But what happened, this man, special, he sent this woman to me, to ask me if I will take him. </sentence><sentence id="2591">I tho-- I thought that again some blackmail me somehow. </sentence><sentence id="2592">Maybe this woman knows that I have already this twelve Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2593">She wanted to blackmail me, that they give her a money. </sentence><sentence id="2594">When she told me that one Jew sent her, and he asked me to take him. </sentence><sentence id="2595">So I said, "I am sorry. </sentence><sentence id="2596">I don't know who is here he. </sentence><sentence id="2597">I don't know any Jew, so..." And I -- and she said that I have Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2598">I said, "I am sorry. </sentence><sentence id="2599">I have no Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2600">And I don't like specially Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2601">If you wanted me to blackmail me, you will not get from me money. </sentence><sentence id="2602">Just if you want it you can go to <span class="building">Gestapo</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2603">Maybe they will kill me, but money I will not give you because I have no money. </sentence><sentence id="2604">And I have no Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2605">And I will not take a Jew, because I don't know who is here he. </sentence><sentence id="2606">And I will not take him. </sentence><sentence id="2607">If you want it, you keep him. </sentence><sentence id="2608">Ifhe is really Jew. </sentence><sentence id="2609">But if you came to blackmail me, I am sorry. </sentence><sentence id="2610">You have to..." And I opened the letter in the bun-- <span class="interior space">bunker</span> that time. </sentence><sentence id="2611">And I opened all the <span class="interior space">rooms</span>, and the <span class="interior space">rooms</span> were, were -- went to the, to the <span class="interior space">attic</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2612">This small <span class="interior space">room</span> I opened, I show her. </sentence><sentence id="2613">I said, "Look at. </sentence><sentence id="2614">Everything is empty. </sentence><sentence id="2615">I am here only with my sister. </sentence><sentence id="2616">You see, nothing happened. </sentence><sentence id="2617">And nothing will happen. </sentence><sentence id="2618">And I will not take Jew. </sentence><sentence id="2619">And I don't like Jews, and I will not take this Jew what you said. </sentence><sentence id="2620">And I am sorry. </sentence><sentence id="2621">Please leave my <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2622">If you wanted to blackmail me, I will not give you money, because I have no money." </sentence><sentence id="2623">And she left. </sentence><sentence id="2624">She left. </sentence><sentence id="2625">But in the evening what she told this man; and he said, "Well, I will go by myself." </sentence><sentence id="2626">And he came in the evening. </sentence><sentence id="2627">When he came, I said, "Hey, you miserable! </sentence><sentence id="2628">You shouldn't come by yourself. </sentence><sentence id="2629">You so comfortable like maharajah! </sentence><sentence id="2630">You sent somebody else, you couldn't come -- could come by yourself." </sentence><sentence id="2631">I said, "You miserable! </sentence><sentence id="2632">I didn't -- I didn't know who is this woman. </sentence><sentence id="2633">You sent her to me." </sentence><sentence id="2634">And I was really angry. </sentence><sentence id="2635">And, like otherwise, "I'm sorry. </sentence><sentence id="2636">I'm this, I'm that." </sentence><sentence id="2637">So -- and so I had 13 people. </sentence><sentence id="2638">But, you see, what, what is started when was no money anymore for the food. </sentence><sentence id="2639">This couple, they wanted me to sell jewelries what they had. </sentence><sentence id="2640">I couldn't go to sell, because I didn't know where. </sentence><sentence id="2641">And how I can go to sell to some, some jewelry, some, some <span class="building">shop</span> to sell some earrings or, or rings, or something like that? </sentence><sentence id="2642">So I couldn't go. </sentence><sentence id="2643">So they talked together, and this woman who was married who came, she said, "We will go together. </sentence><sentence id="2644">And I will go to her because I know her, and I will tell her everything. </sentence><sentence id="2645">But I will not tell her that I am here. </sentence><sentence id="2646">Only someplace else. </sentence><sentence id="2647">And she will help." </sentence><sentence id="2648">Really, we were went in the evening there. </sentence><sentence id="2649">I was waiting outside; and she went there. </sentence><sentence id="2650">And this woman: "Oh, good that you are alive! </sentence><sentence id="2651">Good that somebody helped you." </sentence><sentence id="2652">And she took -- I don't know what she gave her, but she took it, and she prepared the next day food. </sentence><sentence id="2653">And we came in the evening. </sentence><sentence id="2654">She brought out, and we carry <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2655">And then when German moved to my <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, I had four German -- another story. </sentence><sentence id="2656">Because in my story I title, they gave me two hour to move out of my <span class="interior space">apartment</span> to a free <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2657">How could I move and leave 13 people for a certain death? </sentence><sentence id="2658">Whole story. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="2742">Q: Let's back up. </sentence><sentence id="2743">You are now -- you have come <span class="building">home</span> with this woman. </sentence><sentence id="2744">She has sold the jewelry. </sentence><sentence id="2745">You have food. </sentence><sentence id="2746">You are putting it in the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2747">Describe the <span class="building">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2748">Was this in the <span class="interior space">attic</span>? </sentence><sentence id="2749">Where was it? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="2758">A: In the <span class="interior space">attic</span>, yes. </sentence><sentence id="2759">First of all, was in the <span class="interior space">attic</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2760">Everything. </sentence><sentence id="2761">But later, they saw that it is too dangerous to be in the open <span class="interior space">attic</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2762">So they, Joe, and this Zenek, who came first with him, they looked and they said that they can divide the <span class="interior space">attic</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2763">And they can build <span class="dlf">false wall</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2764">So now was trouble. </sentence><sentence id="2765">They said to me, and they called me because they have to tell me everything. </sentence><sentence id="2766">They call me, they told -- they showed me, and they said, "That will be better, because if sometime someone can come accidentally on the <span class="interior space">attic</span> they will find us. </sentence><sentence id="2767">So on it will be <span class="building">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2768">We will sit there. </sentence><sentence id="2769">All day we can sit here in the open <span class="env feature">air</span>, and if some it will be dangerous, we will go there." </sentence><sentence id="2770">Now how I can find the same old wall boards? </sentence><sentence id="2771">How I can find? </sentence><sentence id="2772">They asked me the old to find, because they -- the old was old. </sentence><sentence id="2773">And I was everyday, when I went out in the morning from the work, I was running around the <span class="dlf">streets</span> and look. </sentence><sentence id="2774">Because sometimes after the bombs was falling and destroy the <span class="building">buildings</span>, the people were and taking the <span class="env feature">woods</span> for burnings. </sentence><sentence id="2775">Was difficult to buy some, some coal, something like that. </sentence><sentence id="2776">Just wood. </sentence><sentence id="2777">And I was running and looking for some <span class="spatial object">boards</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2778">But who were selling was sometimes new, was not old. </sentence><sentence id="2779">But Joe, every day when I came from the work, I found the big card, paper with the letters, big letters, boards -- "Buy a Boards." " </sentence><sentence id="2780">Buy a <span class="spatial object">Boards</span>." -- </sentence><sentence id="2781">old boards. </sentence><sentence id="2782">Sometimes we laugh, really. </sentence><sentence id="2783">I said, "Where I get?" </sentence><sentence id="2784">He said, "I don't know where. </sentence><sentence id="2785">But buy. </sentence><sentence id="2786">Look." </sentence><sentence id="2787">And everyday, few days I went running every morning from the work around. </sentence><sentence id="2788">And sometimes I went to the <span class="building">market</span>, because over there was gathering everything. </sentence><sentence id="2789">And they -- and one day, had man some, some things. </sentence><sentence id="2790">So I asked him how much that cost, and that was some instrument to, to dig the <span class="env feature">soil</span>, <span class="env feature">soil</span> there. </sentence><sentence id="2791">And he asked me, "Well, miss, for what kind? </sentence><sentence id="2792">For what you needed that?" " </sentence><sentence id="2793">To bury Germans." " </sentence><sentence id="2794">If you want it to bury Germans, I will help you." </sentence><sentence id="2795">I said, "No, I want it to correct something." </sentence><sentence id="2796">And when I returned from there <span class="building">home</span>, I met on the <span class="dlf">street</span> friend of mine from work -- two men -- and they had -- they selled also from the <span class="building">buildings</span> the, the <span class="spatial object">boards</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2797">And they took it and they sell it additional, so they make money. </sentence><sentence id="2798">And I, I saw, and really old. </sentence><sentence id="2799">And I asked, "Well," They said, "High. </sentence><sentence id="2800">High. </sentence><sentence id="2801">It's morning." </sentence><sentence id="2802">And I asked, "Well, that is good <span class="spatial object">board</span>, and good wood, too, for burning." </sentence><sentence id="2803">I said, "How much do you want?" </sentence><sentence id="2804">They said, "Well, we set some price." </sentence><sentence id="2805">They said, "But for you, will, will be lower." </sentence><sentence id="2806">And they told me a price, and was not too high. </sentence><sentence id="2807">Was really low. </sentence><sentence id="2808">And I said, "Ok, I will take." </sentence><sentence id="2809">And was really perfect. </sentence><sentence id="2810">Was old, dirty, and a little black like other. </sentence><sentence id="2811">So -- and they brought me <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2812">This -- this things, this <span class="spatial object">board</span> old. </sentence><sentence id="2813">And then they wanted to bring me inside. </sentence><sentence id="2814">I said, "No, thank you. </sentence><sentence id="2815">I have to exercise my muscles, and my sister, too." </sentence><sentence id="2816">And I paid them, and they put in front, and I said, "Thank you." </sentence><sentence id="2817">And I took really with my sister inside, and inside they helped me. </sentence><sentence id="2818">And they took and they start to build a new <span class="dlf">wall</span> to cut -- to, to divide this, this <span class="interior space">attic</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2819">And they built a new <span class="dlf">false wall</span>, and they make a <span class="building">bunker</span> up there. </sentence><sentence id="2820">And that was -- and something was really. </sentence><sentence id="2821">Some friend came, or something like that, so they went to the <span class="building">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2822">And all day, they were free. </sentence><sentence id="2823">It was nobody. </sentence><sentence id="2824">They were, they were in the <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2825">They sit all day in the <span class="interior space">room</span>, and <span class="interior space">downstairs</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2826">But if somebody came, so they run up. </sentence><sentence id="2827">And I said, "Remember, take everything after you. </sentence><sentence id="2828">Especially men things." </sentence><sentence id="2829">So and I called them a ghost, my ghosts. </sentence><sentence id="2830">I had thirteen ghosts. </sentence><sentence id="2831">So when I wrote my story, I didn't know to, to, to write, to title -- Thirteen Ghosts, or something like that. </sentence><sentence id="2832">So friend of mine, she said, "Well, I had one day thirteen ghosts. </sentence><sentence id="2833">But that was really ghosts. </sentence><sentence id="2834">But that is not the real ghosts." </sentence><sentence id="2835">So I said, "Well, maybe <span class="building">Fight for Thirteen</span>." </sentence><sentence id="2836">She said, "That will be ok, all right." </sentence><sentence id="2837">So title is Fight for Thirteen -- not Thirteen Ghosts. </sentence><sentence id="2838">But otherwise I called them ghosts. </sentence><sentence id="2839">They, they worked without shoes, barefoot, because not make the noise. </sentence><sentence id="2840">And one day, one day, I had a boyfriend and he loved me very much, and he wanted to marry me. </sentence><sentence id="2841">And I couldn't afford to have a boyfriend, because I didn't know if I will be alive today. </sentence><sentence id="2842">Or maybe tomorrow I will be dead, or something. </sentence><sentence id="2843">How I can have a boyfriend? </sentence><sentence id="2844">So to all my boys who wanted to date with me, I said, "After war. </sentence><sentence id="2845">After war." </sentence><sentence id="2846">And this boy also, he came to me too often, maybe. </sentence><sentence id="2847">Maybe too often; and when he came, always I had some excuses to get rid of him. </sentence><sentence id="2848">And I walked with him out, but not all the, all the, time my excuses worked. </sentence><sentence id="2849">And he start to talk about marriage, absolutely. </sentence><sentence id="2850">I said, "Listen, after war. </sentence><sentence id="2851">During the war is no, no sense." </sentence><sentence id="2852">But he start to bother me, really. </sentence><sentence id="2853">If 1 wouldn't have this, this 13 -- my deadly <span class="building">business</span> -- I really wouldn't hesitate, because that was a good boy and handsome boy. </sentence><sentence id="2854">So one day, I thought and I said -- I didn't sleep all night, and I thought what to do. </sentence><sentence id="2855">How to scare him? </sentence><sentence id="2856">Then came to me idea that friend of mine, she had a <span class="building">photo studio</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2857">And boy's, this boy's girlfriend, before he had some girl and she had some, some German boyfriends she met later. </sentence><sentence id="2858">And I, and he left her because she date with Germans, this boy. </sentence><sentence id="2859">And there came to me ide "Well, if I will have also German some photo, <span class="interior space">studio</span> some photo-- photograph of Germans, maybe I will scare him, too." </sentence><sentence id="2860">And I ran to -- in the morning, to friend of mine. </sentence><sentence id="2861">And I told her, "Listen, Emilka (ph), maybe you have some photograph, some picture -- could be SS man or Gestapo, but very handsome. </sentence><sentence id="2862">Very handsome." </sentence><sentence id="2863">She looked at me, and she said, "Well, for what purpose you needed that? </sentence><sentence id="2864">If 1 know you, you not specially in love with them." </sentence><sentence id="2865">I said, "But with this one, I will be." </sentence><sentence id="2866">And I told her story. </sentence><sentence id="2867">She said, "Well, for this purpose I make yesterday SS picture, and he is handsome." </sentence><sentence id="2868">And she said, "I will make him more handsome. </sentence><sentence id="2869">I will take out all the ruddish (ph)...."_-- like she call, all this some, some spots or something -- "And I will make you -- him handsome." </sentence><sentence id="2870">And I came <span class="building">home</span>, and Joe had the same idea. </sentence><sentence id="2871">Real-- really, like, like my mind went to him, and the same idea. </sentence><sentence id="2872">I said, "I already was, and I order." </sentence><sentence id="2873">And you see, two days later I came to this friend of mine, and she had already framed this SS man. </sentence><sentence id="2874">And he was really handsome. </sentence><sentence id="2875">And you see we are standing together. </sentence><sentence id="2876">And I keep this picture, and I said to her, "You know, he is handsome." </sentence><sentence id="2877">She said, "Yes, he is handsome. </sentence><sentence id="2878">If will be no war, or before war, really that this boy is nice." </sentence><sentence id="2879">And we laugh a little. </sentence><sentence id="2880">And I said to her, "Well, if I will hang on the <span class="dlf">wall</span> and my boy will come, I don't know his reaction." </sentence><sentence id="2881">And I keep this picture, and then watch, and she told -- and this, the same SS man is coming. </sentence><sentence id="2882">Is coming, because he came maybe picture is all ready. </sentence><sentence id="2883">And she said to me, "Oh, trouble came." </sentence><sentence id="2884">And this SS man came, and he show -- saw his picture. </sentence><sentence id="2885">And he looked, and he looked at me, and he said, "Oh, Fraulein, Fraulein."* </sentence><sentence id="2886">I have his picture. </sentence><sentence id="2887">And the friend of mine, she spoke very well German. </sentence><sentence id="2888">And she asked him that I asked her that he is very handsome, if I can have his picture. </sentence><sentence id="2889">And he said, "Oh, Fraulein, Namsie (ph)! </sentence><sentence id="2890">Namsie (ph)!" </sentence><sentence id="2891">And he raised me, and he lifted me up. </sentence><sentence id="2892">And he said, "Namsie (ph)!" </sentence><sentence id="2893">And he kissed me. </sentence><sentence id="2894">And he, and he lifted me up, and he said, "Ah, all right! </sentence><sentence id="2895">Namsie (ph)!" </sentence><sentence id="2896">And this friend of mine, she said to me, "Stefie, run away. </sentence><sentence id="2897">Run away!" </sentence><sentence id="2898">So through the teeth, she told me, "Run away. </sentence><sentence id="2899">And fast." </sentence><sentence id="2900">And I said to him, "Danke sehr schen, sehr schen."" </sentence><sentence id="2901">And he said, "Ah, Fraulein, Fraulein." </sentence><sentence id="2902">And my friend looked at me: "Run away! </sentence><sentence id="2903">Run away!" </sentence><sentence id="2904">And I went out. </sentence><sentence id="2905">And I brought <span class="building">home</span> this picture, and I hanged on the <span class="dlf">wall</span> over my <span class="spatial object">bed</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2906">Next day, this boy of mine came. </sentence><sentence id="2907">And he looked, and he said, "Well, what is that?" </sentence><sentence id="2908">I said, "What? </sentence><sentence id="2909">Who is that, not what!" </sentence><sentence id="2910">And he said, "What he is doing here?" </sentence><sentence id="2911">I said, "Well, that is my new boyfriend." </sentence><sentence id="2912">He said, "What! </sentence><sentence id="2913">He and you!" </sentence><sentence id="2914">I said, "Yes." </sentence><sentence id="2915">And he said, "I don't believe." </sentence><sentence id="2916">I said, "Don't. </sentence><sentence id="2917">But that is true. </sentence><sentence id="2918">I am dating with him, and I will stay with him." </sentence><sentence id="2919">And I was so little aggressive, and you know. </sentence><sentence id="2920">And this boy looked at that picture, then at me, and I saw that he was like a paralyze. </sentence><sentence id="2921">And he looked at that picture, and then at me, and he became like older man. </sentence><sentence id="2922">And he couldn't moved. </sentence><sentence id="2923">A few minutes he stood and he looked, and he wanted to open mouth. </sentence><sentence id="2924">He couldn't. </sentence><sentence id="2925">Now, you know, my heart was broken. </sentence><sentence id="2926">I wanted to cry, really. </sentence><sentence id="2927">Because I, I loved him. </sentence><sentence id="2928">But I repelled this thing, this my mind from him, that I cannot love. </sentence><sentence id="2929">But I wanted to cry. </sentence><sentence id="2930">I -- and was a moment that I wanted to tell him everything. </sentence><sentence id="2931">I wanted to tell him, "Listen, I have 13 Jews. </sentence><sentence id="2932">I have to save them. </sentence><sentence id="2933">I have to help them." </sentence><sentence id="2934">I wanted to tell him. </sentence><sentence id="2935">But, you know, but some things, some mind told me, "No, don't tell him." </sentence><sentence id="2936">And second was that I wanted to tell him, and the, the other second told me no, not to tell. </sentence><sentence id="2937">But inside, my heart, heart was broken and I wanted to cry, but I kept my tears. </sentence><sentence id="2938">And I, I wanted to embrace him and tell him everything, but I couldn't. </sentence><sentence id="2939">I couldn't. </sentence><sentence id="2940">I thought, "God, I S< deg "Thank you very much, very much." ( </sentence><sentence id="2941">German) have to help these people. </sentence><sentence id="2942">If I will tell him, I don't know what his reaction will be." </sentence><sentence id="2943">And I didn't tell nothing. </sentence><sentence id="2944">And he -- then he moved, and he looked at me and he said, "You? </sentence><sentence id="2945">You and <span class="building">SS</span>? </sentence><sentence id="2946">You?" </sentence><sentence id="2947">I said, "Yes, me and <span class="building">SS</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2948">Me and SS man." </sentence><sentence id="2949">And I said, "Look how handsome he is!" </sentence><sentence id="2950">And he turned, and he still look at me and he went out. </sentence><sentence id="2951">And I watched at the <span class="dlf">window</span>, and he walked really like old man. </sentence><sentence id="2952">I tell you how much I wanted to cry. </sentence><sentence id="2953">I wanted to run and after him and cry. </sentence><sentence id="2954">But I said, "No, no." </sentence><sentence id="2955">And he left. </sentence><sentence id="2956">But otherwise, he was after me, behind me. </sentence><sentence id="2957">He was at work. </sentence><sentence id="2958">I saw him far away, but he was with his friend or someone, or sometimes alone. </sentence><sentence id="2959">Sometimes on the <span class="dlf">street</span>, I saw him. </sentence><sentence id="2960">Otherwise I saw him. </sentence><sentence id="2961">But he didn't talk to me. </sentence><sentence id="2962">I didn't talk to him. </sentence><sentence id="2963">Then another boy I met on the party, my friend party. </sentence><sentence id="2964">And the first time he met me and I met him, we danced all evening like some.... If you study physics, you know some things just go together; and this, this like some things just come together. </sentence><sentence id="2965">And like we came together, really; and we dance all night together and then he asked me...so came a curfew. </sentence><sentence id="2966">So I said, "Before curfew, I have to go back <span class="building">home</span>." </sentence><sentence id="2967">And he wanted to bring me <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2968">I said, "No, I am sorry. </sentence><sentence id="2969">You know I have a little sister. </sentence><sentence id="2970">It's not nice for me to bring men to <span class="building">home</span>, something like that. </sentence><sentence id="2971">No time, no nice for a little girl to see." </sentence><sentence id="2972">OK. </sentence><sentence id="2973">And we make date on the Sunday. </sentence><sentence id="2974">We will meet on the Sunday. </sentence><sentence id="2975">But in the Sunday, I arranged with one man around work... <span class="building">factory</span> that will bring food from <span class="populated place">village</span>, bring him food to the <span class="building">store</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2976">He had a little <span class="building">store</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2977">They will bring food--things like cabbage, potatoes, <span class="spatial object">kasha</span>, all these things. </sentence><sentence id="2978">So in the Sunday in the afternoon, they will bring him. </sentence><sentence id="2979">So I told him, "Leave for me some few pounds these. </sentence><sentence id="2980">Few kilos this." </sentence><sentence id="2981">He said, "Ok. </sentence><sentence id="2982">Come Sunday. </sentence><sentence id="2983">I will leave for you." </sentence><sentence id="2984">So I .. Sunday, I was running to this <span class="building">shop</span> and I saw this boy was waiting for me. </sentence><sentence id="2985">But I couldn't go to him, because I had to first to buy food. </sentence><sentence id="2986">And he was so handsome, really. </sentence><sentence id="2987">But I ran there to the <span class="building">shop</span>; and exactly came this religious people and this was, this man was alone in his <span class="building">shop</span>. </sentence><sentence id="2988">So I help him to, to weigh these...these potatoes and the cabbage, and to bring inside and everything. </sentence><sentence id="2989">And for that, he gave me gave me a few kilos something for nothing. </sentence><sentence id="2990">So...so I had maybe 50 kilo--I had a little potatoes, maybe ten kilo potatoes, and three kilos kasha and some cabbage, some other things, some piece of cheese he give me without nothing. </sentence><sentence id="2991">Piece of butter, he gave me without nothing. </sentence><sentence id="2992">He said, "Oh, you so pretty, you have to have this little nourishment." </sentence><sentence id="2993">Ok. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
|
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3231">Q: Tell me about the Germans. </sentence><sentence id="3232">You brought, you brought the food <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3233">Where did you store it first? </sentence></p></dialogue> |
|
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="3237">A: Well, mostly they kept in the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
|
<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3239">Q: Ok. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
|
<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="3241">A: They kept. </sentence><sentence id="3242">A little I kept in, in my -- in the <span class="interior space">kitchen</span>, but mostly they kept. </sentence><sentence id="3243">All bread and butter. </sentence><sentence id="3244">Only a little I had in my <span class="interior space">kitchen</span>, and rest they kept there in the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3245">Also potatoes. </sentence></p><p><sentence id="3246">I couldn't have too much. </sentence><sentence id="3247">Just a little, for two girls, just a little. </sentence><sentence id="3248">So they kept there. </sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3249">Q: Tell me how Germans came to live in your <span class="interior space">apartment</span>? </sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="3250">A: Well, across my <span class="interior space">apartment</span> that was -- before that was a <span class="building">school</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3251">Like a <span class="building">college</span>, big <span class="building">building</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3252">But that time, we don't -- we didn't know that <span class="country">Russia</span> came closer and they repelled German from this moving and they fight with <span class="country">Germany</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3253">And German were a little repelled. </sentence><sentence id="3254">And they have to have a <span class="building">hospital</span> for a military people, for soldiers -- wounded soldiers. </sentence><sentence id="3255">So they looked for a some big <span class="building">building</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3256">And they found exactly this <span class="building">building</span> -- <span class="building">college</span> across, big <span class="building">building</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3257">And they took it for a <span class="building">hospital</span>, and they make their <span class="building">hospital</span> exactly from my, from across my <span class="building">building</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3258">So they make up a <span class="building">hospital</span> over there, and they went -- walked around neighbors and around <span class="dlf">street</span>, they looked for <span class="interior space">apartment</span> for their personnel, hospital personnel. </sentence><sentence id="3259">Like nurses, doctors. </sentence><sentence id="3260">Some they lived there, inside; but was not so much place so they look around. </sentence><sentence id="3261">And they took here one <span class="interior space">room</span>, there one <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3262">And they came to me, two SS men and they looked around and they saw two girls, two <span class="interior space">rooms</span> -- big two <span class="interior space">rooms</span> and the <span class="interior space">kitchen</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3263">They said, "You not need it so much. </sentence><sentence id="3264">Two girls, they not need it so big <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="3265">And these two SS men told to me, they gave me order just two hours to move out of my <span class="interior space">apartment</span> and to leave for them empty <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3266">They will come in two hours. </sentence><sentence id="3267">If I will be still here, they will kill me. </sentence><sentence id="3268">They have to have this <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3269">That is big <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3270">They have to have it, this <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3271">Two hours. </sentence><sentence id="3272">So you see, I went out and I looked for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, and I still went to this <span class="dlf">street</span> where was before lived Jews. </sentence><sentence id="3273">I was still running up and down, up and down. </sentence><sentence id="3274">Was no available <span class="interior space">apartment</span> that I can take it. </sentence><sentence id="3275">Was nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3276">Nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3277"><span class="dlf">Doors</span>, <span class="dlf">windows</span>, <span class="interior space">kitchen</span> -- nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3278">Nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3279">Just ruined, nothing more. </sentence><sentence id="3280">Past two, one and a half hours. </sentence><sentence id="3281">So I came <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3282">I start to cry. </sentence><sentence id="3283">I said, "How I can leave 13 people for a certain death? </sentence><sentence id="3284">I can run out, but these people will be dead. </sentence><sentence id="3285">And I have no <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="3286">So they advised me to go for another -- some <span class="dlf">street</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3287">There look for <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3288">For sure I will find something. </sentence><sentence id="3289">I ran there. </sentence><sentence id="3290">Was nothing available, nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3291">Was 20 only minutes. </sentence><sentence id="3292">I came <span class="building">home</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3293">I said, "Nothing." </sentence><sentence id="3294">You see, all my 13 came down; and these three children, they pressed all to me. </sentence><sentence id="3295">And they that was so tight to me, and all 13, they looked at me. </sentence><sentence id="3296">My decision. </sentence><sentence id="3297">Will I leave? </sentence><sentence id="3298">My decision. </sentence><sentence id="3299">Will I leave them or no? </sentence><sentence id="3300">And -- [Technical problem] I have to keep my hand, but I am a little too nervous. </sentence><sentence id="3301">I am not here. </sentence><sentence id="3302">Sorry. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3356">Q: Ok, go ahead. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="3358">A: And you see, all 13, they said to me, and Joe and these older people, and they all said to me, and this Zenek, "Run away! </sentence><sentence id="3359">You not have to die with us. </sentence><sentence id="3360">We have to. </sentence><sentence id="3361">But you don't have to die with us. </sentence><sentence id="3362">You cannot help us anymore. </sentence><sentence id="3363">Save your life and your little sister. </sentence><sentence id="3364">And run away, because still you have time, 10 minutes." </sentence><sentence id="3365">And they said -- and Zenek and Joe, they pushed me. </sentence><sentence id="3366">They said, "Run away! </sentence><sentence id="3367">Don't die with us. </sentence><sentence id="3368">You cannot help us anymore. </sentence><sentence id="3369">What you could, you helped us. </sentence><sentence id="3370">But not now. </sentence><sentence id="3371">Save your life and <span class="populated place">Helena</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3372">Go. </sentence><sentence id="3373">Run away." </sentence><sentence id="3374">And these all people watched me, and the children were so pressed to me that I heard their breathing. </sentence><sentence id="3375">And my sister watched me. </sentence><sentence id="3376">And so I really, you see, I didn't know what to do. </sentence><sentence id="3377">I said to them, "Well, first of all, come on. </sentence><sentence id="3378">We will pray. </sentence><sentence id="3379">We will ask God." </sentence><sentence id="3380">And you see, I had a picture when I bought when I was a little girl -- Jesus and his mother picture. </sentence><sentence id="3381">And I bought it. </sentence><sentence id="3382">And always hanged on my <span class="dlf">wall</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3383">And I said, "Come on. </sentence><sentence id="3384">We will pray. </sentence><sentence id="3385">We will ask God." </sentence><sentence id="3386">And first I knelt, my sister and all the 13 after me, behind me. </sentence><sentence id="3387">And I prayed, and I turned. </sentence><sentence id="3388">All 13 were in deep, deep prayer. </sentence><sentence id="3389">And I asked God not to let us killed. </sentence><sentence id="3390">Help somehow. </sentence><sentence id="3391">I cannot leave this <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3392">I cannot leave 13 people for a certain death. </sentence><sentence id="3393">I will be alive if I will go out, but 13 people, 13 lives will be bad, will be killed. </sentence><sentence id="3394">That is the children also. </sentence><sentence id="3395">And young people. </sentence><sentence id="3396">I asked God, "Help, somehow." </sentence><sentence id="3397">Again I heard a voice, woman voice. </sentence><sentence id="3398">Was so beautiful. </sentence><sentence id="3399">Was so nice. </sentence><sentence id="3400">Was so quiet. </sentence><sentence id="3401">She said to me, "Don't worry. </sentence><sentence id="3402">Will be everything all right. </sentence><sentence id="3403">You will not leave your <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3404">You will stay here, and they will take only one <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3405">And will be everything all right. </sentence><sentence id="3406">I am with you." </sentence><sentence id="3407">And she talked to me. " </sentence><sentence id="3408">Be quiet." </sentence><sentence id="3409">And she advised me what to do. </sentence><sentence id="3410">She said, "Send your people to the <span class="building">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3411">Open the <span class="dlf">door</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3412">Open the <span class="dlf">windows</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3413">Clean your <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, and sing." </sentence><sentence id="3414">You see, I had my hands like that in prayer. </sentence><sentence id="3415">When I heard this voice. </sentence><sentence id="3416">I was like hypnotized. </sentence><sentence id="3417">My hands was bent down, and I was listening, listening. </sentence><sentence id="3418">And then voice said, "Will be all right." </sentence><sentence id="3419">And disappeared. </sentence><sentence id="3420">And after few minutes, I listened. </sentence><sentence id="3421">Was nothing more. </sentence><sentence id="3422">And I got up. </sentence><sentence id="3423">And I said to my people, "Go to the <span class="building">bunker</span>." </sentence><sentence id="3424">Exactly like the lady told me. </sentence><sentence id="3425">And I said, "I will not move from my <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3426">I will stay here. </sentence><sentence id="3427">And go to the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>, and be quiet very quiet." </sentence><sentence id="3428">And you see, and I was completely like different people. </sentence><sentence id="3429">And they looked at me. </sentence><sentence id="3430">They thought -- all my 13 -- they thought that my mind, there's something wrong with my mind. </sentence><sentence id="3431">And I said, "Ok, go out -- go in the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3432">Will be everything all right. </sentence><sentence id="3433">And stay quiet over there." </sentence><sentence id="3434">And I opened the <span class="dlf">window</span> and the <span class="dlf">doors</span>, and I clean. </sentence><sentence id="3435">I start to sing. </sentence><sentence id="3436">I don't know how I became so happy. </sentence><sentence id="3437">And the all neighbors came. </sentence><sentence id="3438">And they said, "Miss Podgerska, what happened? </sentence><sentence id="3439">Why you not moved? </sentence><sentence id="3440">Gestapo, SS will come. </sentence><sentence id="3441">They will kill you. </sentence><sentence id="3442">That is the war. </sentence><sentence id="3443">That is the, the <span class="building">military</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3444">That is the, the -- they said they have no mercy for an for an enemy. </sentence><sentence id="3445">They are our enemy. </sentence><sentence id="3446">Go out. </sentence><sentence id="3447">We don't like to see you to killed. </sentence><sentence id="3448">You're too nice, too young to be dead." </sentence><sentence id="3449">I said, "I have no place to go. </sentence><sentence id="3450">If SS man wanted to kill me, they can kill me. </sentence><sentence id="3451">I will not leave my <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3452">I have no place to go." </sentence><sentence id="3453">They said, "You can go to your friend's. </sentence><sentence id="3454">You know, your friend. </sentence><sentence id="3455">She has two <span class="interior space">rooms</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3456">You can stay there." </sentence><sentence id="3457">I said, "No, I will not go from my <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="3458">And they thought also something wrong, and came janitor's husband. </sentence><sentence id="3459">And he said, "Miss Podgorska, I will throw you out. </sentence><sentence id="3460">Go out. </sentence><sentence id="3461">I don't like to see you to be killed. </sentence><sentence id="3462">I have no place to bury you." </sentence><sentence id="3463">And serious -- he was serious. </sentence><sentence id="3464">He said, "That is, that is enemy. </sentence><sentence id="3465">That is, you know, that is Gestapo and SS, that is the same. </sentence><sentence id="3466">And that is wartime. </sentence><sentence id="3467">Nobody has for nobody mercy." </sentence><sentence id="3468">I said, "No, I am sorry. </sentence><sentence id="3469">I will not move from my <span class="interior space">apartment</span>." </sentence><sentence id="3470">And he said, "Something is wrong," you see, and he left. </sentence><sentence id="3471">He left, and I am singing and cleaning my <span class="interior space">apartment</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3472">And past exactly two hours, this 10 minutes, is coming only one SS man. </sentence><sentence id="3473">And he was so friendly. </sentence><sentence id="3474">He was laughing to me from a few <span class="dlf">yards</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3475">And he came closer to the <span class="dlf">window</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3476">And he said, he spoke a little Polish. </sentence><sentence id="3477">Very broken, but he spoke. </sentence><sentence id="3478">And he said good that I didn't moved from my <span class="interior space">apartment</span>, because they will take only one <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3479">This last <span class="interior space">room</span> they will take. </sentence><sentence id="3480">And he said, "Very well, you can stay. </sentence><sentence id="3481">It is good that you were not moving." </sentence><sentence id="3482">So ok. </sentence><sentence id="3483">And he looked, and he laughed. </sentence><sentence id="3484">And you know, he saw letter was on the <span class="spatial object">table</span> from my mother, and my mother was in <span class="country">Germany</span> in the <span class="populated place">Salzburg</span>, and he saw this letter. </sentence><sentence id="3485">This letter and the address and the <span class="populated place">Salzburg</span>, and he said, "Oh, who, who you are in the <span class="populated place">Salzburg</span>?" </sentence><sentence id="3486">I said, "Whom? </sentence><sentence id="3487">My mother. </sentence><sentence id="3488">You took my mother to the <span class="country">Germany</span>, and my brother." </sentence><sentence id="3489">He said, "Oh, your mother is in the <span class="populated place">Salzburg</span>!" </sentence><sentence id="3490">And he looked, and he said, "Oh, I know this address. </sentence><sentence id="3491">And that is my friend's, and I will go there next month. </sentence><sentence id="3492">Can I give the best regards to, to your mother?" </sentence><sentence id="3493">I said, "Ok." </sentence><sentence id="3494">What I can say? </sentence><sentence id="3495">And he said, "Ok. </sentence><sentence id="3496">I will go next month. </sentence><sentence id="3497">I will be on my vacation. </sentence><sentence id="3498">I will be back two or three weeks after that." </sentence><sentence id="3499">He said, "And I will come back, and I will tell what your mother are you're doing there. </sentence><sentence id="3500">And I will bring regards from your mother. </sentence><sentence id="3501">And I will see your mother." </sentence><sentence id="3502">And he talked. </sentence><sentence id="3503">He was so friendly. </sentence><sentence id="3504">And he said that he has also two sisters about my age and younger, and he said sometimes he would like to go. </sentence><sentence id="3505">He missed family and sisters. </sentence><sentence id="3506">They sometimes fight, but what is family? </sentence><sentence id="3507">And he left. </sentence><sentence id="3508">And maybe ten minutes later, came two sisters from this <span class="building">hospital</span> with <span class="spatial object">luggage</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3509">And this -- and he came with them. </sentence><sentence id="3510">And I opened the <span class="dlf">door</span>, of course, and he took this one last <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3511">And <span class="building">bunker</span> was exactly over they's <span class="interior space">room</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3512">And every night, they had two boyfriends there. </sentence><sentence id="3513">Soldiers, German soldiers. </sentence><sentence id="3514">And they slept with them. </sentence><sentence id="3515">And every night, these two boyfriends -- these, these soldiers -- came to them every evening with their rifles, you know, when I saw old rifles and soldiers. </sentence><sentence id="3516">I thought, "Oh, maybe they will kill me today." </sentence><sentence id="3517">And they slept with them. </sentence><sentence id="3518">In the morning, they left. </sentence><sentence id="3519">And sometimes I think they suspect, because they probably heard the noise over their head. </sentence><sentence id="3520">And they maybe suspect that maybe something is there. </sentence><sentence id="3521">Because one day came, I came from work, and came these two German and also one SS man. </sentence><sentence id="3522">And the -- these two sisters came also from the <span class="building">hospital</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3523">And one sister caught me, and she started to talk, ask something. </sentence><sentence id="3524">And the soldiers, too. </sentence><sentence id="3525">And one sister went -- one woman went to the, to this, this <span class="interior space">room</span> where it was exit to the <span class="interior space">attic</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3526">But Joe, and these people -- when they saw that Germans came to my <span class="building">home</span> again and the sisters came from the <span class="building">hospital</span> and they all came -- he said, in the last moment, "Go to the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>." </sentence><sentence id="3527">And he closed the <span class="dlf">door</span>, and he said, "Be quiet, because we never know. </sentence><sentence id="3528">Maybe they suspect sometime -- something." </sentence><sentence id="3529">And when this sister and these soldiers kept me busy and I wanted -- because I saw she is running there, and to the -- to the other <span class="interior space">room</span>, to the, to the <span class="dlf">exit</span> to the <span class="interior space">attic</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3530">I wanted to run after her, and they caught me. </sentence><sentence id="3531">They, they hold me. </sentence><sentence id="3532">They didn't let me go after her. </sentence><sentence id="3533">And she went there, and lift the <span class="dlf">ladder</span> up and she went on the <span class="interior space">attic</span> and she looked around. </sentence><sentence id="3534">But you see, before, when they built this, this <span class="dlf">wall</span>, I put there old things, old, some junks. </sentence><sentence id="3535">Old, that if somebody will come, will see that I have <span class="interior space">storage</span> there. </sentence><sentence id="3536">Old some dresses, some, some, some junk, all old. </sentence><sentence id="3537">And she looked around carefully, this <span class="region">side</span> and this <span class="region">side</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3538">And she saw nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3539">Just <span class="spatial object">storage things</span> -- dirty, and old. </sentence><sentence id="3540">And she came out and probably she gave them a sign, and they let me go and they left. </sentence><sentence id="3541">But I tell you, this moment I knew that -- I thought that she will see them. </sentence><sentence id="3542">Because I didn't told them, "Go." </sentence><sentence id="3543">And over, I think over eight months, every day, every night, I had at <span class="building">home</span> four Germans and 13 Jews over their head <span class="interior space">upstairs</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3544">Do you know, can you imagine my feeling? </sentence><sentence id="3545">I don't think so. </sentence><sentence id="3546">If you will not through, be not through by this things, this horrible time, you will not imagine my feeling. </sentence><sentence id="3547">When I went, came from <span class="building">factory</span> sometimes, I walked in the morning -- after seven o'clock, after work. </sentence><sentence id="3548">Otherwise I ask God, "Dear God, what I will see at <span class="building">home</span>? </sentence><sentence id="3549">Maybe all, they already killed. </sentence><sentence id="3550">Maybe they are waiting for me to be, to kill me. </sentence><sentence id="3551">Maybe something." </sentence><sentence id="3552">Oh, I tell you.... But one day, when I returned from work afternoon, this same SS man who gave -- I took the picture, with his friend he waited close to the <span class="building">factory</span>, and he called me. </sentence><sentence id="3553">And he call -- he knew that my name is Stefie, but in the German they don't pronounce it clearly. </sentence><sentence id="3554">Shtefie (ph) -- they add ""s," and they and they pronounce "Shtefie (ph)." </sentence><sentence id="3555">And they call me, "Shtefie! </sentence><sentence id="3556">Shtefie! </sentence><sentence id="3557">Shtefie (ph)!" </sentence><sentence id="3558">And I looked. " </sentence><sentence id="3559">Who called me <span class="building">Shtefie</span> (ph)?" </sentence><sentence id="3560">Friend of mine said, "Oh, look at your boyfriend!" </sentence><sentence id="3561">Because she saw one day. </sentence><sentence id="3562">And he called me, and friend of mine said, "Ok, go to him. </sentence><sentence id="3563">I will wait farther." </sentence><sentence id="3564">And you know, I am going in his direction, and I still ask God. </sentence><sentence id="3565">Oh, probably he ran away from my <span class="dlf">wall</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3566">And some, you know, my imagination were -- was running. </sentence><sentence id="3567">I imagine everything. </sentence><sentence id="3568">I thought, "Well, maybe from the picture he saw my 13 Jews, and maybe he already killed them. </sentence><sentence id="3569">And he came here and now he is calling me. </sentence><sentence id="3570">He will kill me. </sentence><sentence id="3571">Oh, probably Helena is killed and all 13 are killed. </sentence><sentence id="3572">Now he will kill me." </sentence><sentence id="3573">And I said, "Oh, dear God, don't, don't let kill me." </sentence><sentence id="3574">Oh, oh. </sentence><sentence id="3575">You see, but all my mind was working. </sentence><sentence id="3576">And I came closer, and this -- he said, that is his friend and he embraced me, and they talked together. </sentence><sentence id="3577">And then this, this SS man whom I had his picture, he said in Polish -- they argued between themselves something, I don't know what, but he -- the SS man -- he said to me so much broken Polish that I should run away quickly, fast. </sentence><sentence id="3578">Run away, run away. </sentence><sentence id="3579">And I in a minute, I said, "All right, all right. </sentence><sentence id="3580">Gute Nacht. </sentence><sentence id="3581">Gute Nacht, auf Wiedersehen. </sentence><sentence id="3582">""deg And when I came to friend of mine, and she heard what they are were talking. </sentence><sentence id="3583">This other SS man, he told him to take me to their <span class="interior space">room</span> for a night. </sentence><sentence id="3584">And he said, this other, he said "No, she is too young. </sentence><sentence id="3585">And she is nice girl, and young. </sentence><sentence id="3586">Why we have to kill her in the morning to throw her out?" </sentence><sentence id="3587">He said, "The war. </sentence><sentence id="3588">She is our, our enemy." </sentence><sentence id="3589">And he said, "We are her enemy." </sentence><sentence id="3590">And they argued together between themselves. </sentence><sentence id="3591">And this, this other, his friend, he wanted to take me for the night. </sentence><sentence id="3592">And this said, "No." </sentence><sentence id="3593">And because he told me run away. </sentence><sentence id="3594">And I ran -- and this, and you see, he, he somehow he saved my life. </sentence><sentence id="3595">I said, "God help-- helped me, protect me to save my life that I will save, save other lives. </sentence><sentence id="3596">And you see -- </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3836">Q: That's almost an ending for the tape. </sentence><sentence id="3837">We're just about done. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="3840">A: I'm sorry. </sentence></p><p><sentence id="3841"> "Good night. </sentence><sentence id="3842">Good night, and see you again." ( </sentence><sentence id="3843">German) </sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3844">Q: Tell me the end of the war very briefly. </sentence></p></dialogue><dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="3845">A: Well in the end of the war, that was another story. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="3847">Q: We have three minutes. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="3849">A: Three minutes, ok. </sentence><sentence id="3850">That was fighting, fighting all night. </sentence><sentence id="3851">And in the morning we didn't know who won. </sentence><sentence id="3852">German or <span class="country">Russia</span>? </sentence><sentence id="3853">So they stood all at the <span class="dlf">window</span>, and I stood with them. </sentence><sentence id="3854">Who win we'll, we'll see to first, German or <span class="country">Russia</span>? </sentence><sentence id="3855">Well, first of all we saw German. </sentence><sentence id="3856">I said, "Back to the, to the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>! </sentence><sentence id="3857">Nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3858">We will wait." </sentence><sentence id="3859">Then after few minutes comes Russian soldiers. </sentence><sentence id="3860">Oh, and he called to, to, to this, this soldiers, German. " </sentence><sentence id="3861"><span class="spatial object">Ruck Gewehr</span>, <span class="spatial object">Ruck Gewehr</span>!""" </sentence><sentence id="3862">Like, "Hello!" </sentence><sentence id="3863">He put up his rifle and hands up, and he took him. </sentence><sentence id="3864">So I said, "It's <span class="country">Russia</span> now." </sentence><sentence id="3865">So all my people, they wanted -- oh, it's not all. </sentence><sentence id="3866">But a few hours later, I said, "You still be in the <span class="interior space">bunker</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3867">Be out, and I will see what will be next, because after a few hours German can come back." </sentence><sentence id="3868">And they went there. </sentence><sentence id="3869">And I had opened the <span class="dlf">window</span> and everything. </sentence><sentence id="3870">And I was singing a little, because it was reason, maybe. </sentence><sentence id="3871">It will be freedom. </sentence><sentence id="3872">And two Russian soldiers passing, and they saw me and they come to my <span class="dlf">window</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3873">And we start to talk a little. </sentence><sentence id="3874">I didn't know Russian, few words from before. </sentence><sentence id="3875">And they asked if they can come in. </sentence><sentence id="3876">I said, "Ok" They ask if I have vodka. </sentence><sentence id="3877">I said, "Well, not too much." </sentence><sentence id="3878">But a little I saved, so I have. </sentence><sentence id="3879">I put on the <span class="spatial object">table</span> vodka. </sentence><sentence id="3880">So they have some little chocolate, some, some something. </sentence><sentence id="3881">So they asked me questions. </sentence><sentence id="3882">How was Germans? </sentence><sentence id="3883">How -- what I worked, and everything. </sentence><sentence id="3884">So I asked them, "Where is the German? </sentence><sentence id="3885">Where is the front?" </sentence><sentence id="3886">And everything. </sentence><sentence id="3887">And one of them, they said, "Well, why is so question like a spy?" </sentence><sentence id="3888">I said, "You gave me questions. </sentence><sentence id="3889">Now I give you question. </sentence><sentence id="3890">You know that is war. </sentence><sentence id="3891">We had Russ-- German. </sentence><sentence id="3892">Now I ask you, where is the German? </sentence><sentence id="3893">Maybe they will come back." </sentence><sentence id="3894">And one of them: "Oh, no. </sentence><sentence id="3895">They will not come back. </sentence><sentence id="3896">We are far, far away after them. </sentence><sentence id="3897">They will not come back." </sentence><sentence id="3898">So when this all my 13, they were listening under the <span class="dlf">door</span>. </sentence><sentence id="3899">When they heard that the German will not come anymore, they all opened the <span class="dlf">door</span> and they come. </sentence><sentence id="3900">And these two Russians, they with their rifles, they didn't know who they are with the rifles. </sentence><sentence id="3901">So I kept the rifle down. </sentence><sentence id="3902">I said, "Be quiet. </sentence><sentence id="3903">Let us quiet, people." " </sentence><sentence id="3904">And who are there? </sentence><sentence id="3905">Who are there?" </sentence><sentence id="3906">So then I told them that they're Jewish people, and I kept them with this, my little sister. </sentence><sentence id="3907">And I saved them, and they are quiet people. </sentence><sentence id="3908">They are not bad people. </sentence><sentence id="3909">And they all came, and they start to, to kiss these two, two, two soldiers. </sentence><sentence id="3910">And when this they heard that they are Jews and they are safe, they start to kiss. </sentence><sentence id="3911">And because, they said in <span class="country">Russia</span> they heard a lot what happened in their <span class="country">country</span>, too. </sentence><sentence id="3912">And they, they looked at me and my sister; and they said, "Two girls!" </sentence><sentence id="3913">Not two girls, a girl and a half. </sentence><sentence id="3914">And they embraced me, and they lifted me up. </sentence><sentence id="3915">And they said, u "Swing rifle, swing rifle!" ( </sentence><sentence id="3916">German) "Hero! </sentence><sentence id="3917">Hero!" </sentence><sentence id="3918">And sister, too. </sentence><sentence id="3919">And they said that I am more a hero, bigger hero like the soldiers on the <span class="region">front</span> because soldiers are fighting with the rifles, with their friends against the enemy. </sentence><sentence id="3920">I didn't have nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3921">So they said I am bigger hero. </sentence><sentence id="3922">I fought with, with enemy with nothing. </sentence><sentence id="3923">Ah, that was -- and so they came out. </sentence><sentence id="3924">And these soldiers were -- came back again, and again and again. </sentence><sentence id="3925">And otherwise they looked at me. </sentence><sentence id="3926">They said, "Oh, geroi, geroi"!" -- " </sentence><sentence id="3927">Hero! </sentence><sentence id="3928">Hero!" </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="4009">Q: Perfect ending for the tape. </sentence><sentence id="4010">And thank you very much. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="4013">A: Thank you. </sentence><sentence id="4014">Oh, I have to come back. </sentence><sentence id="4015">I have to come back to myself. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Question"><p><sentence id="4019">Q: Take your time. </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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<dialogue class="Answer"><p><sentence id="4021">A: I have to bring myself from the <span class="country">Poland</span>. </sentence><sentence id="4022">From <span class="populated place">Tatarska</span> (ph) here back. </sentence><sentence id="4023">Conclusion of Interview w "Oh, hero, hero!"" ( </sentence><sentence id="4024">Russian) </sentence></p></dialogue> |
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