conversations
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|---|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What did Niels Bohr hypothesize?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He hypothesized that electrons can move around the nucleus only at fixed distances from the nucleus based on the amount of energy they have.\\nHe called these fixed distances energy levels or electron shells."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Bohr know that electrons cannot be in a precise place but in certain areas?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Bohr reasoned that if electrons can absorb or lose only fixed quantities of energy, then they must vary in their energy by these fixed amounts. Thus, they can occupy only fixed energy levels around the nucleus that correspond to quantum increases in energy."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How does Bohr's atomic model build on Rutherford's model?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He added energy levels and electrons in those energy levels, everything else is the same."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How does Bohr's work demonstrate the importance of communication in science?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Without the knowledge of Rutherford's, or Planck's ideas, Bohr would have not been able to make this essential idea."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who developed an equation that could be used to calculate the chances of an electron being in any given place around the nucleus? (Electron Cloud)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Schr枚dinger"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are orbitals?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Regions around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why is the electron cloud called an electron cloud?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Each orbital around the nucleus of the atom resembles a fuzzy cloud around the nucleus creating a \"cloud\"."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where are electrons most likely going to be?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The densest areas of the cloud surrounding the nucleus"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the problem with Bohr's model of the atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It had exact circles/ellipses where they were found which is not true."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Schr枚dinger resolve this problem?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "He made orbitals of suggestions where they might be located. Notice, they can still be all they way in the white area above the orbital, but it is unlikely."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the 3 parts of atom and where are they located?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "proton (nucleus)\\nneutron (nucleus)\\nelectron (orbits nucleus)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What particles give an atom its mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge of just the nucleus of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Positive (because of the protons)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do you know the number of electrons a neutral atom will have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It is the same as the number of protons so that the net charge is zero."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do you find the number of neutrons an atom has?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number, then subtract the number of protons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the net charge of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons does fluorine have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the electron configuration formula?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2n squared"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the order for electron configuration?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2, 8, 18, 32..."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the energy level rule that electrons follow?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2n2 (squared)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What was one of Dalton's ideas?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "All substances are made of atoms"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the meaning of atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\"not able to be divided\""
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "According to Rutherford, what was in the center of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a proton"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which particle has the least mass in an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an electron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an atom made up of?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Mostly empty space"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Bohr's model propose that electrons move around the nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "in definite paths"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What model represents current atomic theory?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electron-cloud model"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How did Democritus describe atoms?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "small, hard, particles"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Boron has an atomic number of 5. A particular atom of Boron has a +2 charge. How many protons does this Boron atom have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "5"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic number of a Chlorine atom which has 17 protons and 18 neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "17"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the mass number of a Chlorine atom which has 17 protons and 18 neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "35"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sodium has an atomic number of 11. A particular atom of Sodium has a -3 charge. How many electrons does this Sodium atom have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "14"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Boron has an atomic number of 5. A particular atom of Boron has a +2 charge. How many electrons does this Boron atom have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A crystal contains a radioactive isotope that has a half-life of 10,000 years. One-fourth of the original isotope remains in the sample. How old is the sample?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "10,000 years"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Actinium-226 has a half-life of 29 hours. If 100 mg of Actinium-226 disintegrates over a period of 58 hours, how many mg of actinium-226 will remain?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "25 mg"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Isotope X has a half-life of 2.0 years How many years would it take for a 4.0 mg sample to decay and have only 0.5 mg of it remain?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "6 years"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What subatomic particle determines what element an atom is?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how do you determine how many dots an element symbol gets?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the number of valance electrons determines how many dots are surrounding the elements"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what is the total number of electrons in the valance shell of an atom of aluminum in the ground state"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "explain how the bright line spectrum is produced, in terms of excited state, energy transitions and ground state"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "if an electron absorbs more energy than it needs in that energy level (the ground state) from heat to electric then it will absorb energy and jump to the next level very quickly (excited state) and very quickly release energy in the form of light to return to its ground state"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the vertical columns called?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Groups or Families"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many groups are on the periodic table?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "18"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the horizontal rows called?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Periods"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many periods are on the periodic table?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Atomic # = __?__ = __?__"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons, Electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Mass # - __?__ = __?__"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atomic #, Neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does CRaVEs mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Chemical Reactivity = Valence Electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does PIE mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons Identify Elements"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which element has three (3) protons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Lithium (Li)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which family contains the nonreactive gases?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Noble Gases (Group 18)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Are most non-metals found on the left or right side of the periodic table of elements?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "right"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which element is \"One-of-a-Kind\" and does not have any neutrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The period that an element is in determines how many __________ __________ it has."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "energy levels"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which two elements only want 2 valence electrons to be happy?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which element is more similar to Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca) or Sodium (Na)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Calcium"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The reactivity of an element is most greatly influenced by what?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Number of valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do you get the atomic mass of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Number of protons and neutrons in the atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do you get the atomic number of an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Number of protons in the atom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the atomic mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It is the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the number of electrons in an AL3+ ion"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "10"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Three subatomic particles that make up an atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons, electrons, neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Where are each of the three subatomic particles located?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and Neutrons are located in the Nucleus and Electrons are located in the electron cloud; nucleus is positively charged & electron cloud is negatively charged"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the mass of each of the three subatomic particles?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Name of particle Relative mass\\nProton 1\\nNeutron 1\\nElectron Very small (1/1836)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge of each of the three subatomic particles?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three main subatomic particles found in an atom.\\nProtons have a positive (+) charge. An easy way to remember this is to remember that both proton and positive start with the letter \"P.\"\\nNeutrons have no electrical charge. An easy way to remember this is to remember that both neutron and no electrical charge start with the letter \"N.\""
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What number on the periodic table tells you about the number of protons in the nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "atomic number"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why are neutrons needed in the nucleus?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Neutrons are found only in the nucleus of the atom, where they play an important role in keeping the atom stable. They help balance protons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How does an Ion become an Ion?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and therefore has a negative or positive charge."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What about an element's location on the Periodic Table of Elements helps determine the number of valence electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Elements with the same number of valence electrons are kept together in groups, such as the halogens and the noble gases."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why do elements in the same group behave in the same way?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Because They have the same number of valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What about an element's location on the Periodic Table of Elements helps determine the number of electrons shells?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": ""
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which two particles each have a mass approximately equal to one atomic mass unit?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Proton and neutron"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of a neon atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Protons and Neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement best describes the nucleus of an aluminum atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It has a charge of +13 and is surrounded by a total of 13 electrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge and mass of a proton?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Charge of +1 and mass of 1 amu."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What was concluded about the structure of the atom as the result of the gold foil experiment?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A positively charged nucleus is surrounded by positively charged particles."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which sequence represents a correct order of historical developments leading to modern model of the atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The atom is a hard sphere-->most of the atom is empty space-->electrons exist in orbitals outside the nucleus."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the total charge of the nucleus of a carbon atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "+6"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the Group 17 elements listed below has the greatest nuclear charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "I"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which two particles make up most of the mass of a hydrogen-2 atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Proton and Neutron."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the total number of neutrons in an atom of 7/3 Li?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the structure of a krypton-85 atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "36 electrons, 36 protons, and 49 neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which isotopic notation represents an atom of carbon-14?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "146C"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "39/19K and 42/19K"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which atoms are isotopes of the same element?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "24/12X and 25/12X"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The average isotopic mass of chlorine is 35.5. Which mixture of isotopes (shown as percents) produces this average mass?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "75% 35Cl and 25% 37Cl"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do the energy and the most probable location of an electron in the third shell of an atom compare to the energy and the most probable location of an electron in the first shell of the same atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "In the third shell, an electron has more energy and is farther from the nucleus."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the electron configuration of a sulfur atom in the ground state?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2-8-6"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the total number of electrons in the second energy shell of a calcium atom in the ground state?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which electron configuration could represent a strontium atom in an excited state?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2-8-18-7-3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which electron configuration represents an atom of aluminum in an excited state?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2-7-4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which principal energy level can hold a maximum of 18 electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An atom's nucleus contains what?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "protons and neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what has no electrical charge?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "neutrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what particles have a charge 2+"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "beta"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what makes isotopes the same element"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the same number of protons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What physical situation does a star like the sun represent?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "hot dense core surrounded by a low density outer atmosphere"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which drawing represents the process by which an emission line is formed?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "B\\n\\nelectron moving from low energy level to high energy level"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which atom would be absorbing light with the greatest energy?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "D\\n\\nelectron moving from lowest energy level to highest energy level"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which atom would emit light with the shortest wavelength?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "C\\n\\nelectron moving from highest energy level to lowest energy level"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Will an atom emit light if all of the atom's electrons are in the ground state?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "No, to emit light an electron must move from a high energy level to a low energy level. If all the electrons are in the ground state, there is no lower energy level to move to in order to emit light."
}
] |