<html><head><title>Google Scholar</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=2"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"><meta name="google-site-verification" content="Y8J1_s45IeTudoUMT5t7AB5kel7unVEK-WjxXG4nPkQ"><link rel="canonical" href="https://scholar.google.co.in/"><meta name="description" content="Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. 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Try again later.</div><div id="gs_md_s"></div><div data-h="0" class="gs_md_wnw gs_md_ds gs_md_wmw"><div id="gs_asd" class="gs_md_d gs_md_ds gs_ttzi" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="gs_asd-t" data-ifc="gs_asd_q" data-wfc="gs_asd-x"><div class="gs_md_hdr"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_asd-x" role="button" aria-label="Cancel" data-mdx="gs_asd" class="gs_btnCLS gs_md_x gs_md_hdr_c gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><h2 id="gs_asd-t" class="gs_md_hdr_t">Advanced search</h2><div class="gs_md_hdr_b"><button type="button" id="gs_asd_psb" aria-label="Search" class="gs_btnG gs_in_ib gs_btn_act gs_btn_half gs_btn_lsb"><span class="gs_wr"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></span></button></div></div><div id="gs_asd-bdy" class="gs_md_bdy"><style>#gs_asd{width:80%;max-width:552px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_asd{width:100%;max-width:100%;}#gs_asd_frm{margin-top:-6px;}.gs_el_tc #gs_asd_frm{margin-top:-8px;}.gs_asd_tr{clear:both;}.gs_el_tc .gs_asd_tr{padding:8px 0;}.gs_el_tc .gs_asd_tr:first-child{padding-bottom:0;}.gs_asd_dt{float:left;width:190px;padding:6px 2px 2px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_asd_dt{float:none;width:auto;padding:0 0 4px 0;}.gs_asd_dd{margin-left:194px;padding:2px;}.gs_el_tc .gs_asd_dd{margin-left:0;padding:0;}.gs_asd_yri .gs_in_txt{width:48px;}.gs_el_ph #gs_asd input,.gs_el_ph #gs_asd label{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);}.gs_asd_occtr{padding:5px 0;}.gs_el_tc .gs_asd_occtr{padding:0;}</style><form id="gs_asd_frm" class="gs_scl" action="/scholar"><div class="gs_asd_tr"><div class="gs_asd_dt" id="gs_asd_dt_t"><b>Find articles</b></div></div><div class="gs_asd_tr"><div class="gs_asd_dt"><label for="gs_asd_q">with <b>all</b> of the words</label></div><div class="gs_asd_dd"><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtm gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="as_q" value="" id="gs_asd_q" autocapitalize="off"><div class="gs_in_txts"></div></div></div></div><div class="gs_asd_tr"><div class="gs_asd_dt"><label for="gs_asd_epq">with the <b>exact phrase</b></label></div><div class="gs_asd_dd"><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtm gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="as_epq" value="" id="gs_asd_epq" autocapitalize="off"><div class="gs_in_txts"></div></div></div></div><div class="gs_asd_tr"><div class="gs_asd_dt"><label for="gs_asd_oq">with <b>at least one</b> of the words</label></div><div class="gs_asd_dd"><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtm gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="as_oq" value="" id="gs_asd_oq" autocapitalize="off"><div class="gs_in_txts"></div></div></div></div><div class="gs_asd_tr"><div class="gs_asd_dt"><label for="gs_asd_eq"><b>without</b> the words</label></div><div class="gs_asd_dd"><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtm gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="as_eq" value="" id="gs_asd_eq" autocapitalize="off"><div class="gs_in_txts"></div></div></div></div><div class="gs_asd_tr"><div class="gs_asd_dt"><label for="gs_asd_occt">where my words occur</label></div><div class="gs_asd_dd"><div class="gs_asd_occtr"><span class="gs_in_ra" onclick="void(0)"><input type="radio" name="as_occt" value="any" id="gs_asd_occt_a" checked=""><label for="gs_asd_occt_a">anywhere in the article</label><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></span></div><div class="gs_asd_occtr"><span class="gs_in_ra" onclick="void(0)"><input type="radio" name="as_occt" value="title" id="gs_asd_occt_t"><label for="gs_asd_occt_t">in the title of the article</label><span class="gs_chk"></span><span class="gs_cbx"></span></span></div></div></div><div class="gs_asd_tr"><div class="gs_asd_dt"><label for="gs_asd_sau">Return articles <b>authored</b> by</label></div><div class="gs_asd_dd"><div class="gs_in_txtw gs_in_txtm gs_in_txtb"><input type="text" class="gs_in_txt" name="as_sauthors" value="" id="gs_asd_sau" 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