EDIT 7104 ADVISORY *FLASH*7104-INDONESIA-VOLCANO/TIMELAPSE-UGC Bali volcano erupts second time in less than a week Start: 26 Nov 2017 05:45 GMT End: 26 Nov 2017 05:46 GMT BALI, INDONESIA - Bali volcano erupts second time in less than a week. Restrictions: PART MUST ON SCREEN COURTESY EMILION KUZMA-FLOYD / @EYES_OF_A_NOMAD In this image released by the U.S. Geological Survey, steam rises from cracks in the road shortly before a fissure opened up on Kaupili Street in the Leilani Estates subdivision, Friday, May 4, 2018, in Pahoa, Hawaii. The Kilauea volcano sent more lava into Hawaii communities Friday, a day after forcing more than 1,500 people to flee from their mountainside homes, and authorities detected high levels of sulfur gas that could threaten the elderly and people with breathing problems. (U.S. Geological Survey via AP) At 07:45 a.m. HST, today, lava from fissure 7 slowly advanced to the northeast on Hookapu Street in Leilani Estates subdivision on Kīlauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. PAHOA, HI - MAY 5: In this handout photo provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, lava errupts from a new fissure from Luana Street after the eruption of Hawaii's Kilauea volcano on May 5, 2018 in the Leilani Estates subdivision near Pahoa, Hawaii. The governor of Hawaii has declared a local state of emergency near the Mount Kilauea volcano after it erupted following a 5.0-magnitude earthquake, forcing the evacuation of nearly 1,700 residents. (Photo by U.S. Geological Survey via Getty Images) What is the 'Ring of Fire'? Giant cloud of ash, lava and flaming rocks as volcano erupts Smoke fills the air as the Fuego volcano erupts in Guatemala on June 3, 2018. Volcan de Fuego, or Volcano of Fire, blows outs a thick cloud of ash, as seen from Alotenango, Guatemala, Sunday, June 3, 2018. One of Central America's most active volcanos erupted in fiery explosions of ash and molten rock Sunday, killing people and injuring many others while a towering cloud of smoke blanketed nearby villages in heavy ash. (AP Photo/Santiago Billy) See two months' worth of volcano damage in Hawaii People carry the coffins of seven people who died during the eruption of the Volcan de Fuego, which in Spanish means Volcano of Fire, in the background, to the cemetery in San Juan Alotenango, Guatemala, Monday, June 4, 2018. Residents of villages skirting the volcano began mourning the dead after an eruption buried them in searing ash and mud. (AP Photo/Luis Soto) (CNN) — Both eruptions swallowed homes and reminded everyone how ferocious nature can be. But there are huge differences between Guatemala’s Fuego volcano eruption, which has killed 62 people since Sunday, and Hawaii’s recent Kilauea eruption, which hasn’t killed anyone but keeps slowly wreaking havoc one month later. Getty Images/AP Kilauea's volcanic eruption, left, and Guatemala's Fuego eruption Here’s why these eruptions are so different – and why they have drastically different death tolls: Lava vs. pyroclastic flow Kilauea’s primary mode of destruction is lava, but Fuego has unleashed pyroclastic flow – a nasty mix of ash, rock and volcanic gases that can be much more dangerous than lava. In Guatemala, pyroclastic flow from Sunday’s eruption topped 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit (about 1,000 degrees Celsius), CNN meteorologist Ivan Cabrera said. “This eruption at Fuego was explosive, sending hot debris down the steep sides of the volcano to make the pyroclastic flows,” said Erik W. Klemetti, associate professor of geosciences at Denison University. He said pyroclastic flows can tumble down a volcano at hundreds of kilometers per hour – way faster than what people and even cars could outrun. In pictures: Guatemala volcano erupts By contrast, Kilauea produces lava (or sticky, molten rock) that typically creeps along at maybe hundreds of meters per hour – not nearly as fast as devastating pyroclastic flow. Different communities Kilauea is within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. Lava has destroyed dozens of homes and other structures in communities outside the park boundaries. But the Fuego volcano erupted near densely populated areas. “Villages are right on the foothills of the mountain,” Cabrera said. “So they had no time (to escape).” That meant unsuspecting villagers – such as those in the community of El Rodeo – were suddenly overwhelmed by ash, lava fragments and gases speeding toward them at 435 mph (700 kph). Different long-term effects In both the Kilauea and Fuego areas, “the land will be unusable for years,” Klemetti said. 01:12 - Source: CNN Lava spills through Hawaii neighborhood But Guatemala faces a special danger that Hawaii doesn’t. “The bigger issue with pyroclastic flows is they can be turned into volcanic mudflows (lahars) when the loose debris mixes with rain/river waters,” he said. “That is the new danger at Fuego right now.” CNN’s Judson Jones contributed to this report.<doc-sep>The violent eruption Sunday of Guatemala’s Fuego volcano, killing at least 62 people, 13 of who have been identified so far, is the latest in a series of volcanic events that have made headlines around the world. Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano erupted on May 4, forcing thousands to flee their homes. Social media users have widely shared dramatic photos of lava flows engulfing parts of Big Island. And on Sunday, the same day as the Guatemala eruption, an earthquake of magnitude 5.5 also shook the island, sending ash plumes from the Kilauea summit that reached up to 8,000 feet. Indonesia’s Mount Merapi volcano has also been erupting since mid-May, most recently on June 1, sending plumes of smoke almost 4 miles into the air. You might be wondering, then, if these events are part of a trend we should be worried about. But, according to experts, they are not. “The eruptions are not in any way connected,” explains Karen Fontijn, a volcanologist and postdoctoral researcher at Oxford University. “All these volcanoes are frequently erupting, and their behaviour is totally normal. “At any point in time there will typically be about 10-20 volcanoes in eruption around the world, we just don’t always hear about them.” It is likely the impact on infrastructure and communities, as well as the dramatic photos, have brought more attention than usual to the world’s volcanic activity. There are theories that volcanic eruptions are on the rise. A 2014 study found that changes in the speed of the earth’s rotation, caused by factors including the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon, lead to periods of increased volcanic activity. A 2009 study found that the number of eruptions per year has gone up as the earth’s temperature has increased since the ice age. Guatemala’s Fuego Volcano and Indonesia’s Mount Merapi are both on the Ring of Fire, a 25,000-mile horseshoe-shaped area where several tectonic plates rub against each other. Three quarters of the world’s volcanoes can be found here. Hawaii’s Kilauea is not part of the Ring of Fire, though it does encircle the Pacific region. Get The Brief. Sign up to receive the top stories you need to know right now. Please enter a valid email address. * The request timed out and you did not successfully sign up. Please attempt to sign up again. Sign Up Now An unexpected error has occurred with your sign up. Please try again later. Check the box if you do not wish to receive promotional offers via email from TIME. You can unsubscribe at any time. By signing up you are agreeing to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy . This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Thank you! For your security, we've sent a confirmation email to the address you entered. Click the link to confirm your subscription and begin receiving our newsletters. If you don't get the confirmation within 10 minutes, please check your spam folder. Write to Ciara Nugent at ciara.nugent@time.com.<doc-sep>Guatemala's Volcán de Fuego — literally translated to the Volcano of Fire — can be a terrifying mountain. On June 3, the volcano sent scorching avalanches of swiftly flowing volcanic debris, known as pyroclastic flows, down its flanks, which the Guatemalan government said has so far killed 25 people. But this is nothing new for Volcán de Fuego. In recorded history alone, the volcano has erupted more than 60 times, and when it does, it often produces these hot avalanches which — when large enough — can completely bury people and homes. I can't stress this enough. This is a deadly eruption. Pyroclastic flows kill. This is an awful place to be, if you are ever around an erupting volcano like this and you see a cloud moving along the ground towards you, RUN. GET OUT OF THERE! https://t.co/Y5nDTaXKKf — Dr Janine Krippner (@janinekrippner) June 4, 2018 "If you're in the path of a pyroclastic flow, you’re dead," volcanologist Jess Phoenix said in an interview. These flows can reach temperatures of 1,000 degrees Celsius (1,800 degrees Fahrenheit) and travel hundreds of miles per hour. Pyroclastic flows, it should be noted, are completely different than lava flows. Lava flows are molten rock, often oozing like syrup, whereas pyroclastic flows are a hot mess of exploded magma that has rapidly hardened into a range of particles, from ashy volcanic dirt to large rocks. They're also suffocating. "Most people are asphyxiated — the dust clogs the throat," Stanley Mertzman, a volcanologist at Franklin and Marshall College, said in an interview. "They simply can’t breath anymore." Meanwhile, thousands of miles away, in Hawaii, the Big Island's Kilauea volcano has been spewing lava through neighborhoods for over a month now — but no one has died. So, what's the difference? Hawaii vs. Guatemala Except for rare instances, Hawaiian volcanoes don't explode. And they simply aren't capable of producing such extremely fast, powerful pyroclastic flows, said Phoenix. The reason why is Hawaii's magma — underground molten rock — is not as thick and gooey as that beneath explosive volcanoes like Volcán de Fuego, Mt. Saint Helens, or Mount Vesuvius, which are more formally known as stratovolcanoes. #Guatemala • Esta es la aldea El Rodeo, #Escuintla y así quedó tras la caída de flujos piroclásticos que expulsó el volcán de Fuego. Fotos Julio Arriola. #DesastreVolcanDeFuego pic.twitter.com/Rnp8GGPkFF — RBCNoticiasGT (@RBCNoticiasGT) June 3, 2018 Specifically, the magma feeding explosive volcanoes is richer in the ingredient silica, which makes it thicker. "The higher the silica content, the greater the explosivity of the material," said Mertzman. This magma brews deep underground, and becomes saturated with a variety of Earth's gases. In Hawaii, where lava oozes like syrup, the gases can easily escape. But Fuego's molten rock rarely oozes. It's too thick. Instead, it traps gases for years or decades at a time. And when enough pressure builds, an explosion can occur — which is exactly what happened on June 3. Sometimes, these explosions send plumes of ash miles into the sky. But when the fragments are too heavy, like freshly exploded rocks and sand-like volcanic grains, "the gases and rocks start tumbling downhill," said Mertzman. Volcán de Fuego emitting some volcanic material in February 2018. Image: ESTEBAN BIBA/EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock "Fuego has pretty steep sides," said Phoenix. "It can build decent speed." "There is no way a person could outrun a pyroclastic flow," she added. The aftermath of these volcanic avalanches are extremely messy. The blasted material doesn't harden into masses of heavy, black rock, like on Hawaii. It's grainy and unconsolidated. "It’s like digging into sand," said Mertzman. So, what happens next? It's never known exactly what will happen after a pyroclastic flow, but scientists will be measuring tremors in the area and other activity on the mountain to determine if the volcano might continue to erupt, or settle down. "Is this the first part of a longer phase of eruptions, and will they get increasingly vigorous, or will it be quiet for a year or two?" asked Mertzman. "We don’t know what the storyline is, but we know what the first chapter is." The eruption of #FuegoVolcano in Guatemala via satellite imagery; image credit Scott Bachmeier https://t.co/qXaPZIxcJF pic.twitter.com/ASdfJ7KWi2 — Michael Ventrice (@MJVentrice) June 4, 2018 This first chapter was an explosive eruption, but nothing approximating the Roman eruption that destroyed Pompeii, or the Mount Saint Helens eruption in 1980. This is because Fuego didn't erupt nearly enough volcanic material, said Janine Krippner, a volcanologist at Concord University's Department of Physical Sciences. But based on historical president, the U.S. Geological Survey thinks future Fuego eruptions will result in pyroclastic flows that travel no more than 20 kilometers (12.4 miles) from the volcano. But the situation isn't that simple. The avalanches can combine with water and rain to become muddy debris flows, called lahars, which historically inundate communities. Unlike Hawaiian volcanoes, whose oozing lava flows shouldn't cause any deaths, the explosive nature of volcanoes like Fuego means that once an eruption begins, no one should be around. "You never know how quickly it can turn bad," said Phoenix. "You got to get the hell out of there."<doc-sep>
Guatemala volcano: Aerial footage shows impact of eruption Guatemala’s Fuego volcano spewed lava, black smoke and ash five miles into the sky on Sunday. At least 25 people, including three children, have been killed in the volcano’s second eruption of the year. The volcano, which is located 25 miles south-west of the capital Guatemala City, has also injured at least 300 people. A river of lava rocks changed course towards El Rodeo, and ash killed people inside their homes. A staff member of the country's National Disaster Management Agency (Conred) also died. The volcano is located within the Ring of Fire, a chain of volcanic and seismic activity stretching 25,000 miles in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. The year 2018 has already seen the eruption of the Cleveland volcano in the Aleutian Isles, Mount Mayon in the Philippines and most recently Kilauea in Hawaii. However, the Kilauea volcano is not generally considered to be a part of the Ring. Is the volcano in Guatemala linked to the eruption in Hawaii? The Ring of Fire is made up of volcanoes that sit on tectonic plates, along the horseshoe. Hawaii is in the middle of the horseshoe, so it is not part of the Ring of Fire. Volcanic activity in Hawaii is also not caused by tectonic plates but by hot spots instead. The Kilauea volcano on Hawaii’s Big Island has been wreaking havoc since May 3. Aerial shots of the volcano in Guatemala The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii More than 80 homes and structures have been destroyed by lava flows over the past month. In the last 24 hours, more than 500 earthquakes have occurred in the summit area of Kilauea. One earthquake reached a magnitude of 5.5 at a depth of 1.14km and 5km south west of Kilauea, near Crater Rim Drive, Pahoa, according to US Geological Survey. Guatemala volcano eruption in pictures Wed, June 6, 2018 Guatemala volcano in pictures as Fuego erupts. Play slideshow AFP/Getty Images 1 of 19 The National Disaster Relief Agency of Guatemala shows Volcano Fuego during an eruptive pulse in El Rodeo