Given the success with in-context learning of large pre-trained language models, we introduce in-context learning distillation to transfer in-context few-shot learning ability from large models to smaller models.
We propose to combine in-context learning objectives with language modeling objectives to distill both the ability to read in-context examples and task knowledge to the smaller models. We perform in-context learning distillation under two different few-shot learning paradigms: Meta In-context Tuning (Meta-ICT)  and Multitask In-context Tuning (Multitask-ICT) . Multitask-ICT performs better on multitask few-shot learning but also requires more computation than Meta-ICT.
Our method shows consistent improvements for both Meta-ICT and Multitask-ICT on two benchmarks: LAMA and CrossFit.
Our extensive experiments and analysis reveal that in-context learning objectives and language modeling objectives are complementary under the Multitask-ICT paradigm. In-context learning objectives achieve the best performance when combined with language modeling objectives.